Dissertations / Theses: 'Environmental policy making'

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Davidescu, E. S. "Environmental Policy-Making in Hungary and Romania." Thesis, Queen's University Belfast, 2010. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.517273.

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Janowitz, Martin W. "Environmental policy making in Nova Scotia, alternative approaches." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/tape17/PQDD_0025/MQ36475.pdf.

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Ghahreman, Javier. "Green Theory in Environmental Policy Making in China." Thesis, Malmö universitet, Fakulteten för kultur och samhälle (KS), 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-22763.

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Climate change has been a topic of discussion for quite some time now. International Relations Theory, which is widely used to study the politics of the world also has a subfield of Green Theory in IR which concerns itself with world politics in a combination of the environment.This study has been conducted as part of an investigation to study the effects of green theories on green policymaking, specifically in the case of China. For the study, a qualitative study was conducted where trends of environmental governance related results were examined to draw a conclusion to the research questions.This study is in hope to present the case of China which ranks among the most contaminated nation and is also a major contributor to the global environmental crisis of ecological damage. It presents how China has been able to turn the tables and has become a case exemplar instead for the world to follow in environment protection owing to strong laws and implementation by its government.

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Yang, Peifang. "Making tradeoffs for environmental protection and policy design." Thesis, Colorado School of Mines, 2014. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=3610182.

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There are always painful tradeoffs in environmental problems. In the current period, the tradeoff. has to be made between consuming environmental goods and "dirty" goods. Since many pollutants accumulate in nature and cause long time problems, the current period's decision also has important impacts on future generations. This yields another tradeoff. between control of the pollution flow and cleanup of the pollution stock in the future. For a local government, tradeoffs between strict environmental policies and local economic prosperity are also concerns.

This thesis analyzes the tradeoffs made by households, firms and government under different policy regimes. Chapter 2 considers assigning tradable permits to households that are suffering from pollution generated by firms. The households can sell a limited number of permits to polluters according to personal preferences for environmental goods and "dirty" goods. It is shown that, the market transaction between households and polluters can achieve the efficient pollution level. Chapter 3 considers a case in which the stock pollution is reversible with capital investment. In a natural resource extraction model with externalities of heavy metal pollution in the surrounding farmland, the firms tradeoff. between controlling the pollution flow and abating the pollution stock, as well as the firms extraction decisions are analyzed. Chapter 4 derives the optimal environmental bond required by a local government as a financial assurance for inducing firms to do pollution abatement. A local government needs to make tradeoffs between charging a large amount of bond and encouraging local economic prosperity. For a local government, the optimal bond amount does not necessarily cover the worst-case scenario. This thesis contributes to environmental policy design by considering the interests of different parties.

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Robinson, Julie. "Policy-making in the European Union : the role of policy networks in EU environmental policy." Thesis, Loughborough University, 2002. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/6976.

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Research into the European Union (EU) increasingly focuses on the policy-making processes which take place within the EU, as distinct from trying to explain or predict the broad phenomenon of European integration. This thesis adopts a similar focus on EU policy-making. Policy-making in the EU is examined using a policy network approach. The main aim of the thesis is to assess how useful the policy network approach is as a means of explaining EU policy processes and policy outputs. The policy network approach is therefore applied not simply as a mechanism for describing patterns of interest intermediation but, rather, as a tool for explaining a new form of network governance in the EU. The thesis therefore aims to test the claims of the policy network literature that it can better account for policy-making in the EU than can more traditional approaches derived either from international relations (IR) or comparative politics (CP). The thesis applies a policy network approach to the study of EU environmental policy-making. Three case studies - on air quality, landfill and drinking water legislation - are examined, in order to assess whether a policy network approach can help explain the development of EU policy in these areas. Overall the thesis finds a useful role for policy network analysis in helping to explain EU policymaking and policy outputs. At the same time, however, the thesis confirms the limitations of the policy network approach at EU-level. Policy network analysis must therefore be combined with both IR and CP approaches in order to gain a fuller understanding of how EU policy is made.

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Pulichino, Michael 1979. "Transit preferential treatment : a public policy-making perspective." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/40869.

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Thesis (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Civil and Environmental Engineering, 2003.
This electronic version was submitted by the student author. The certified thesis is available in the Institute Archives and Special Collections.
Includes bibliographical references.
Buses and in general at-grade public transportation remain the most important component of transit services in all the urban areas, whether they are feeder to a heavy rail system or an independent network. However, the steady increase in travel demand, essentially private automobile, has results in a growing level of congestion, affecting both cars and public transportation. In response, cities like Curitiba and Zurich moved in the late 70's towards the implementation of preferential treatment. To do that, they introduced innovative policies in order to give the full priority to transit. Preferential treatment is a broad definition that combines all the means to insure that priority is given to transit (queue jump, traffic signal priority, exclusive lane, tramways ...). The main concerns about Zurich and Curitiba are that they both achieved their implementation through particular policymaking processes; moreover the generalization of these types of policies has been very limited. The objectives of this thesis are to apply the three models from the agenda-building theory (Mobilization, Inside Access and Outside Initiative) to the context of public transportation to understand how innovative policy-making can be introduced and if the presence of a policy entrepreneur is necessary and sufficient. Using 11 cities in Europe and America that have implemented preferential treatment as case studies, the thesis identified elements necessary to address the public reaction, the institutional fragmentation and the decision-makers' positions. The research shows the necessity of public consultations and comprehensive planning exercises to convince the different stakeholders. Moreover, it points out the benefits of initiatives such as benchmarking or national legislation. Eventually, the thesis concludes that the policy-making theory can be expanded in acknowledging a combination of models to describe the preferential treatment's implementation process. On the other hand, the context of public transportation has evolved enough (concentration of decision powers and increasing public support) so that transit agencies can move towards implementation in focusing on stakeholder management strategies instead of relying on a policy entrepreneur.
by Michael Pulichino.
S.M.

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McIntyre, Emma. "Evaluating the use of GIS by public participants in environmental decision-making processes a case study approach /." Access electronically, 2007. http://www.library.uow.edu.au/adt-NWU/public/adt-NWU20080616.132630/index.html.

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Cloutier, Michelle Anne. "Beyond intergovernmentalism, the Europeanization of European Union environmental policy making." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape10/PQDD_0018/NQ45772.pdf.

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Evangelinos, Konstantinos. "Environmental management systems standards in corporate decisions and policy making." Thesis, Imperial College London, 2003. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.408378.

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Moosbrugger, Lorelei K. "Institutions with environmental consequences : the politics of agrochemical policy-making /." Diss., Connect to a 24 p. preview or request complete full text in PDF format. Access restricted to UC IP addresses, 2001. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/ucsd/fullcit?p3027042.

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Nunan, Fiona S. "The politics of influence in environmental policy-making : an application of policy network analysis." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.312216.

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Hejny, Jessica. "Pragmatist Policy-making: Rethinking Deliberation and Experimentation in Contemporary Environmental Governance." Thesis, University of Oregon, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/1794/19355.

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In this dissertation, I generate a theoretical grounding for the practice of collaborative environmental governance that emerges out of practice. The overall architecture of this dissertation traces the structure of Deweyan reconstruction. I first set out the problems that plague federal environmental governance and the turn to collaborative environmental governance in practice, situating them in historical context. I use forest policy and the case study of the Quincy Library Group to illustrate both the pathologies of federal regulation and the turn to collaboration and to inform my reconstruction of deliberation. I argue that the dominant Habermasian model of deliberation is inadequate to theorizing collaborative governance due to its abstraction and focus on the justificatory aspect of deliberation. I rethink the concept of deliberation, mobilizing critiques of the Habermasian model and resources in American pragmatist philosophy to reconceptualize deliberation as embodied, narrative, and oriented to experimental problem-solving. Drawing on empirical accounts of environmental collaboration, I argue that collaboration is centrally about members of a community working together across difference to solve shared concrete problems. Rational argument plays a role in collaboration, but it is not its transformatory engine. Rather, the building of trust between participants through narrative and storytelling is what enables transformation of beliefs and interests and makes collaboration possible. In contrast to the political theory literature, I assert that deliberation is oriented not only to generating democratic legitimacy but also to solving practical problems. Collaborative governance is both deliberative and experimental, and our theorizing must account for this. In the concluding chapter, I address the practical question of the institutional design of collaborative environmental governance. This theoretical work is integral to furthering policy-making practice because it provides a way for both policy-makers and scholars of public policy to understand what is at stake in the move to collaborative governance and provides a critical standard to guide the design and evaluation of collaboration in practice. For environmental policy-makers, it sheds light on why we have reason to be hopeful about collaborative policy-making and how we can strengthen these efforts on the ground.
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Graves, Scott Herbert. "Public participation in bureaucratic policy-making :the case of the U.S.-Mexico Border Environment Cooperation Commission." Access restricted to users with UT Austin EID Full text (PDF) from UMI/Dissertation Abstracts International, 2001. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/utexas/fullcit?p3037013.

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Tangney, Peter Noel. "Climate Adaptation Policy and Evidence: Understanding the Tensions between Politics, Experts and Evidence in Environmental Policy Making." Thesis, Griffith University, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10072/367040.

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Evidence-based policy making has been advocated by liberal democracies around the world. To date, this approach has principally been pursued through ‘rationalist’ linear-technocratic decision making methods which assume that policy problems are tractable and that experts can provide adequate and impartial advice to government. Using case-studies in Queensland, Australia and the UK, this research utilises a comparative political analysis alongside the ‘knowledge systems’ framework first proposed by Cash et al. (2002) to understand how norms, values and prevailing politics influence evidence development and use for adaptation policy. In Queensland, the evidence-based mandate has been weakened by prevailing politics, even though policy makers still seek to develop a business-case, for which climate science is often perceived to be incompatible. In the UK by contrast, evidence-based policy is enshrined in the Climate Change Act (2008), yet how evidence has been developed under this mandate raises important questions about the extent to which it can ever be considered apolitical.
Thesis (PhD Doctorate)
Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)
Griffith School of Environment
Science, Environment, Engineering and Technology
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Wegner, Wenke [Verfasser], and Manfred J. [Akademischer Betreuer] Holler. "Voting Power in Environmental Policy Making / Wenke Wegner. Betreuer: Manfred J. Holler." Hamburg : Staats- und Universitätsbibliothek Hamburg, 2013. http://d-nb.info/1032990554/34.

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Berge, Marion Schulte zu. "Science, participation, and governance : Contested meanings and practices of environmental policy-making." Thesis, University of Liverpool, 2010. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.534145.

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Wurzel, Rüdiger K. W. "Britain, Germany and the European Union : environmental policy-making from 1972-97." Thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science (University of London), 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.302113.

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Alpízar, R. Francisco. "Essays on environmental policy-making in developing countries : applications to Costa-Rica /." Göteborg : Göteborg Universitet, 2001. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb38927065q.

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Brown, Bobbie. "Influences and Experiences of City Council Members on Environmental Policy Decision Making." ScholarWorks, 2014. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/53.

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Ineffective environmental policies pose a problem for municipalities as they strive to create sustainable communities. Improving these policies may establish standard practices that assist municipalities in meeting related environmental goals. Statistics show the municipalities within this study operate at different levels of goal achievement. Little is known, however, about the influences that directly affect the development of environmental policies. The purpose of this study was to determine the ways in which public officials address environmental issues and the factors considered in policy discussions that lead to their decisions. The theoretical framework comprised Sabatier and Jenkins-Smith's advocacy coalition and Arrow's rational choice theory. This phenomenological study explored the experiences of city council members within a region of 10 cities in southern California. Interviews were conducted with a purposeful sample of 5 city council members from 4 adjoining cities, 1 city staff member, and 1 agency representative with knowledge of all 10 cities. Data were analyzed with 3 cycles of coding to identify themes and patterns. Emergent themes included meeting community needs, educating the public, being fiscally responsible, and "doing the right thing." Participants recognized the effect of their personal influences and biases, particularly religious beliefs, on environmental policy decisions, although political affiliation appeared to be unrelated to these biases. The implications for positive social change include informing and educating both public officials and community members about regional environmental issues and their related community needs and goals.

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Schultz, Courtney Allison. "Cumulative effects analysis in U.S. Forest Service decision-making." Diss., [Missoula, Mont.] : The University of Montana, 2009. http://etd.lib.umt.edu/theses/available/etd-06102009-101714.

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Ward, Stephen. "The politics of environmental agendas : the case of UK local authorities." Thesis, University of the West of England, Bristol, 1994. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.261618.

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Eckerd, Adam Michael. "Equal Partners at Every Level of Decision Making: Environmental Justice and the Policy Process." The Ohio State University, 2011. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1306513752.

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Ponce, de León Baridó Paulina. "Making sustainability sustainable : passion and process in environmental management at IBM." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/53059.

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Thesis (S.M. in Technology and Policy)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Engineering Systems Division, Technology and Policy Program, 2009.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 111-118).
Sustainability is one of the greatest challenges we are faced with. To be successfully addressed, a variety of stakeholders, including business, must be involved. With this in mind, this thesis seeks to further our understanding of how a firm's response to sustainability can, in addition to making business sense, be effective and sustainable. This inevitably entails dealing with the classic tension between "passion" and "process." Therefore, the thesis explores how a balance between these two may be found by examining IBM's extensive and long-sustained environmental management experience. IBM has a recognized record of environmental responsibility that has matured over almost 40 years, surviving periods of great difficulty for the company. Its environmental sustainability program and its commitment to corporate responsibility, a continuum from legal and compliance activities to engagements that help the company develop value-creation opportunities, is clearly strategic. Its efforts - a combination of activities that address immediate and future business pressures - are in tune with what the literature considers to be "best practice" in environmental corporate sustainability. IBM's experience confirms both the importance of nourishing an emotional commitment to sustainability and of establishing a process - in its case, an environmental management system - that enables the company to systematically identify and manage the environmental impacts of its operations.
(cont.) On the one hand, its long-sustained record of environmental commitment, combined with its dedication to being a recognized environmental leader, has instilled a strong passion for sustainability across the company's organizations and employees. On the other hand, IBM's pursuit of a demonstrable record of performance, combined with a commitment to continuous improvement, has led to the development of a carefully designed, effective environmental management system. IBM seems to have optimized the balance between passion and process through a commitment to scientific, fact-based, decision-making, which has allowed the company to design and implement goals and procedures that will have the most impact given its resources and footprint.
by Paulina Ponce de León Baridó.
S.M.in Technology and Policy

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Takaki, Margaret Alice. "Understanding comprehensive environmental decision making with navigational aids for the 1990s and beyond." Thesis, University of Stirling, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/1893/1872.

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The Comprehensive Environmental Decision Making (CEDM) paradigm developed through this research conceptualizes CEDM through a particular way of seeing a commitment to man's relationship with his environment. Previous research has explored CEDK but the idea remains ill-defined. The challenge in this research is to reestablish the guiding ideas of the government-environment-citizens matrix, while at the same time describe a meaning and means of operation suitable for environmental professionals working in industry today, where the man-environment commitment is critical to economic growth and environmental quality. In this research a meaning and means of operation begins with Lynton K. Caldwell's guiding ideas. As an avenue of implementation, government structures established through The National Environmental Policy Act and the Pollution Prevention Act provide policy reinforcement. Accepting policy as a CEDM avenue the requirements of environmental understanding, information and perception are developed through aspects of the environment and sustainable development with rational ecology ultimately providing the guideposts and criteria whereby CEDM may be judged. Citizens are those environmental professionals where an ethic is shaped through systems learning with the Environmental Management System used as a framework to establish the CEDM network of relationships in the workplace. The professional's socially binding value is hypothesized as an obligation not to do harm. With this value orientation, rational ethics and systems thinking provide guidelines that direct the professional in evaluating and optimizing policy and business structures. The CEDM paradigm is illustrated as a social choice mechanism suited to the 1990s and beyond by using case studies to apply policy directions.

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Lightbody, Ruth. "Institutionalising deliberative democracy to promote environmental policy-making : the role of public hearings." Thesis, University of the West of Scotland, 2016. https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.751389.

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Middle, Garry J. "Environmental policy making in highly contested contexts: the success of adaptive-collaborative approaches." Thesis, Curtin University, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11937/2217.

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This thesis examines the successes and failures of different approaches to environmental policy making in contexts where the level of conflict are significant, both in intensity and complexity. In this thesis the term policy making is used to cover three elements: the way that a policy is formulated, the decision making process to select the policy instruments, and the nature of the policy instruments used or proposed to be used. The research question here is “what policy making approach is most likely to succeed in highly contested contexts where levels of conflict are significant, both in intensity and complexity?” This research is built on the key proposition that some policy making approaches are, by their nature, better suited to highly contested contexts than others.The communicative/deliberative turn in planning was the starting theoretical framework for understanding how policy making can be carried out in highly contested contexts. It was argued that this framework has great value in understanding the processes involved in dealing with conflict, but that there are shortcomings. In particular, conflict is seen largely as a social problem, but conflict in environmental policy making often involves so-called wicked problems, where the conflict is deeper, more complex and involving longer timeframes than most planning conflicts. This thesis constructs a framework that describes the nature of conflict, with three broad themes being defined: social, governance, and science and information. It is argued that conflict is most likely where the resources at the centre of the conflict are scarce.Three types of scarcity are identified — decreasing quantity of a resource, increasing demand on a resource, and reducing quality of a resource.Four broad policy making approaches are defined: * The traditional expert-driven approach — a highly centralised approach dominated by the expert regulators using predominately science-based technical and statutory policy mechanisms; * The ecological modern approach — a more participative but still largely sciencebased approach, favouring the use of either market-based or voluntary policy mechanisms; * The collaborative approach — a highly participative form of policy making that does not necessarily favour a particular type of policy mechanism; and * The adaptive–collaborative approach — a special case of collaborative policy making where adaptive management measures are adopted to deal with the uncertainty of the science and information.These four approaches are analysed for their likely capacity to be successful in contexts where conflict is significant, and it is proposed that the first two are unlikely to be successful, whereas the two collaborative approaches, especially the adaptive– collaborative approach, would be successful where all the types of conflict are present.A qualitative multiple case study methodology was adopted to address the research question and to test the finding of the literature review, focusing primarily on the policy making of Western Australian (WA) Environmental Protection Authority (EPA - the peak environmental agency in WA). A specific methodology to determine policy making success or failure (evaluation) has been developed and applied in this study, involving the use of four evaluation criteria.The review of policy making by the EPA showed that whilst its policy making in cases where conflict was low were successful, it failed in cases where conflict was significant. It was noted that in all cases the policy making approaches adopted were either traditional expert– driven or ecological modern and not either of the two collaborative approaches, which, it was noted, was consistent with the finding of the literature review and would explain the policy failures in cases where conflict was significant.It was argued that recent policy making of the EPA shows some promise in dealing with conflict. This was because it has developed its Environmental Protection Policies (EPPs) more collaboratively, involving an additional complementary policy: the EPP sets high level objectives and deals with specific non–negotiable issues; and the more prescriptive implementation policy contains the detailed policy and management measures that would achieve the objectives in the EPP. These are called concurrent–complementary policies.A key part of this thesis is an in–depth analysis of a particular policy making exercise (major case study) set in a context where the three elements of conflict were significant, and the three resource scarcity types were present. The case study was Cockburn Sound, a large marine embayment approximately 20 kms south of Perth. Two concurrent–complementary policies were developed, and it was shown that the policy making approach of the implementation policy was adaptive–collaborative, and it was evaluated as being successful on all the four criteria. It was also noted that the draft EPP was a traditional expert–driven policy approach (although with a much improved level of participation) and that, it was evaluated as being unsuccessful on two of the four criteria — performance effectiveness and political support.The thesis concludes with a discussion of the broader implications for environmental policy making that can be drawn from this work, notably: that five policy making scenarios can be identified based on the nature and extent of conflict present, and recommendations made as to which policy making approach should be applied in each scenario.

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Davis, Millicent Amanda. "Decision Making of Environmental Engineers on Project Selection." ScholarWorks, 2016. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/2808.

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Some environmental engineers do not understand how to perceive profitable opportunities in redeveloping the large number of contaminated brownfield sites in New Jersey. The purpose of this qualitative exploratory case study was to find effective decision-making strategies that help environmental engineers acquire profitable environmental redevelopment projects. The target population consisted of 4 environmental engineers in an environmental organization in Camden County, New Jersey who possessed proven decision-making strategies that helped them acquire profitable environmental redevelopment projects in the past 5 years. The conceptual framework for this study was the multiple criteria decision method (MCDM). Semistructured interviews were conducted with the engineers, and company documents were additional sources of data gathered. Triangulation and member checking were used to ensure the trustworthiness of interpretations. Five themes emerged from the analyses relating to strategies for an MCDM assessment in project management, a go/no-go assessment in project selections, education and training, ethics as an organizational value, and project management. These findings may lead to social change in Camden County, New Jersey community organizations, such as schools, daycare centers, and local businesses, which may benefit from the knowledge and safety recommendations of remediation decision making. Furthermore, these findings may provide opportunities for environment organizations to teach and train stakeholders on environmental processes while providing profitable opportunities to shareholders through sustainable practices.

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Lawton, Ricky. "Environmental science, economics, and policy : a context-sensitive approach to understanding the use of evidence in policy-making." Thesis, University of York, 2014. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/8660/.

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The scale of human impacts on the environment means that ecological and environmental sciences are strongly motivated by the need to take urgent measures to halt environmental damage, to conserve at-risk species and ecosystems, and to preserve rapidly depleting stocks of natural resources. Resource and time constraints mean that actions must be taken with clarity, direction and, crucially, impact. Evidence that informs policy decisions operates alongside a range of other societal considerations, which may be economic, moral, social, and political. Science is one of many inputs to the decision-making process. Policy change occurs within social parameters that are influenced by a range of non-evidentiary, contextual, and policy factors. This thesis explores the intermittent variables and strategic factors that bring conservation science to the forefront of environmental policy at any one time. These include the construction of strategic narratives that communicate scientific information in the policy arena, the interaction between expert credibility and policy relevance, and the role of pre-existing values and beliefs on the passage of evidence from scientific production to societal decisions. I applied mixed-methods approaches to the analysis of Internet surveys, face-to-face interviews with key policy actors, and cluster analysis of belief scale responses across UK and USA case studies. I applied a number of policy and science-technology frameworks and applied methodological approaches to understanding the role of evidence in the policy process. Overall, the findings of this thesis suggest that non-evidentiary factors in the policy arena interact with scientific evidence through a range of contextual variables. These include professional values, interest group interactions, the power and salience of influential individuals, and the trans-scientific strength of strategic policy narratives and evidence from different disciplines. This has important implications for how policy-makers use evidence, and should shape the research community’s understanding and approach to research coproduction, communication, and evaluation.

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Montpetit, Eric. "Policy making performance, policy change, and political institutions : the formulation of an environmental policy for the agricultural sector in France, the United States and Canada /." *McMaster only, 1999.

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Steketee, Deborah Meadows. "Making connections environmental NGOs and cross-scale linkages in Ecuador's tropical forests policy process /." [Bloomington, Ind.] : Indiana University, 2006. http://gateway.proquest.com/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&res_dat=xri:pqdiss&rft_dat=xri:pqdiss:3219904.

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Thesis (Ph.D.)--Indiana University, Dept. of Political Science and the School of Public and Environmental Affairs, 2006.
Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 67-06, Section: A, page: 2308. Adviser: Emilio F. Moran. "Title from dissertation home page (viewed June 21, 2007)."

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Andersson, Cajsa. "The Effect of Democracy versus Autocracy in Environmental Policy-making using Six African Cases." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för samhällsstudier (SS), 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-76756.

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As climate change continues to permeate the current political discourse and its effects becomes increasingly visible, the way countries respond to the situation is crucial for determining the extent of future environmental degradation. The Paris Agreement is an attempt to mitigate and adapt to the situation, however the western values tied to it have been criticised. The effectiveness of democracy in environmental protection has been questioned, especially its ties to capitalism and individualism. This thesis uses the theory of authoritarian environmentalism to investigate this debate and see whether the claims have any legitimacy in the context of the Paris Agreement and the promises made in relation to it. This thesis is a structured focused comparison which compares the policies and projects in three democratic and three autocratic African countries in close geographical proximity and similar environmental situations, to investigate if and in what way the type of government affects the promises made, and whether they are kept, to the Paris Agreement and its signatories. The indicators used for the thesis include policies and internationally funded projects, due to their accessibility, however it is worth noting that they only give a crude approximation of the activities and ambition in the countries, with several others having important roles. The quality of the six countries’ Intended Nationally Determined Contributions is investigated and followed up with an evaluation of some of the projects active to examine if the countries are implementing their promised efforts, already in these early, yet important, stages of the Agreement. In addition, the theory is applied to the countries’ efforts and some conclusions are reached, including the overall good quality of the countries’ environmental work and confirming that authoritarian countries can produce quality policies, while still having lacking areas, similar to their democratic counterparts, pointing to the complexity of the topic.

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Stuntz, Andrew W. (Andrew William). "Transit fare policy : use of automated data to improve incremental decision making." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/119275.

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Thesis: S.M. in Transportation, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, 2018.
Thesis: M.C.P., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Urban Studies and Planning, 2018.
This electronic version was submitted by the student author. The certified thesis is available in the Institute Archives and Special Collections.
Cataloged from student-submitted PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 218-224).
Incremental changes in fare policy can have substantial and long-term impacts on transit ridership and revenue, but they are often driven by near-term revenue needs and determined within short time frames with limited analysis. This thesis proposes a procedural framework to organize analysis of incremental fare changes, linking exploration of current pricing strategies to estimation of behavioral parameters and modeling of fare change scenarios. Within this framework, empirical case studies are presented at two of the five largest transit agencies in the U.S. - the Massachusetts Bay Transportation Authority (MBTA) and the Chicago Transit Authority (CTA). These agencies have increased the price of passes relative to pay-per-use fares in recent years, motivating three particular applications that make extensive use of automated fare collection (AFC) data: 1) differentiating employer-based, pre-tax, automatically-renewing pass sales from other pass sales, 2) estimating cost sensitivity of both ridership frequency and fare product choice using only recent experience at a single agency, and 3) incorporating fare product choice in a traditional elasticity spreadsheet model to predict impacts of fare change scenarios. Passes sold through employer programs and online are found to have lower use than other passes, contributing substantially to revenue while increasing ridership; expanding these programs or extending tax benefits to all transit commuters could further increase revenue and ridership. Individual-level AFC data are used to estimate fare-related behavioral parameters: resulting MBTA elasticity estimates of -0.7 for pay-per-use and -0.5 for employer-based passes are higher than current agency assumptions of -0.25 and -0.15, use of a CTA 30-day or 7-day pass appears to boost a customer's ridership by up to 11% or 21% (respectively), and a CTA product choice model is estimated without reliance on stated preference data. A CTA fare model combining product choice and elasticities predicts substantial switching between fare products when pass multiples are changed, and a simplified model illustrates that passes should be priced below revenue maximization to capture low-cost gains in ridership. The procedural framework in this thesis applies to all transit agencies, and the empirical applications are relevant to agencies that collect AFC data and offer multiple payment structures.
by Andrew W. Stuntz.
S.M. in Transportation
M.C.P.

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33

Etherington, Laurence Mark. "Environmental rule-making and public consultation : a case study of the development of a new legal regime to clean up contaminated land." Thesis, Nottingham Trent University, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.314339.

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34

Wiener, Joshua G. "Small Wind Energy Policy Making in the States: Lessons for a Shifting Energy Landscape." The Ohio State University, 2009. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1250261913.

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35

Amoroso, Cathy Elizabeth. "The use of science in environmental policy decision making : a case study of dioxin standards in Georgia." Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/29334.

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36

Barthle, Justin. "Analysis of Managerial Decision-Making within Florida’s Total Maximum Daily Load Program." Scholar Commons, 2016. http://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/6462.

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Water quality has evolved legislatively from protection of navigation routes and quantity of sources to more emphasis on impairments on water quality for surface and groundwater sources. Nonpoint or diffuse sources of impairments represents a major challenge for management due to the complexity of its sources and difficulty in tracking. The most cited sections on public policy analysis focuses on the overall process agencies employ to understand the results the program yields. Often overlooked are finer details and mechanisms, such as decision-making and priority setting, which have a great impact on the overall process. To investigate these factors, we need to analyze the decision-making process used by managers. This study focuses on using information from those with direct involvement in the establishment and implementation of the Total Maximum Daily Load program for the state of Florida. This study used decision-making analysis models from Rational-Decision-Making and Multi-Criteria Decision Analysis concepts to construct questionnaires that looks to develop priorities as seen by managers’ preferences for several presented options. This methodology allowed us to structure the viewpoints and processes water quality managers use to breakdown decisions. The analyzed results show water quality managers prefer strong management options, involvement from stakeholders with scientific knowledge, and data collected from the source or point of impact. Interestingly, opinions in the group show that urban best management practices are considered more effective than their agriculture counterparts with a disfavor for volunteer derived data. Ultimately, the survey highlights the need for more robust enforcement and reliable measurement of non-point source of impairments. Continued public outreach and education, especially through workshops, are denoted as important tasks to completing successful TMDLs and should be expanded and strengthened by both the Florida Department of Environmental Protection and its boundary programs.

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De, La Poterie Arielle Tozier. "When Does Information Matter? Roles of Knowledge in Disaster Risk Reduction and Climate Change Adaptation Decision-Making." Thesis, University of Colorado at Boulder, 2017. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10607940.

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Disaster risk reduction (DRR) programs seek to reduce loss of property and lives as the result of extreme events. These programs invest significant resources in collecting context-specific, participatory information and developing scientific (forecast) information to help them achieve their goals. This is despite significant evidence that such information does not contribute as easily or as directly to stated DRR goals as is generally assumed. Using the Policy Sciences social and decision process frameworks, this research maps program decision processes that seek to produce and use participatory and climate-related information. I begin by evaluating each program in terms of it stated goals and identifying the primary factors that shape project decision-making, influence the use of information in each program, and shape program outcomes. I conclude that although the two programs seek to produce and use very different kinds of information, they share two fundamental characteristics. First, both programs rely on deficit-model theories of change. Those designing and implementing the programs assume the production and use of information will automatically contribute to better decision-making and hence to desired outcomes. Secondly, these limited understandings of project dynamics allow project stakeholders to neglect the role power, accountability, and the incentives they created in shaping program decision-making and implementation. Although both programs seek to empower users and beneficiaries, they fail to establish monitoring and sanctioning mechanisms that ensure those beneficiaries can influence essential program decisions and outcomes. I conclude that given the structures of accountability common to many development programs, donors will likely have to take responsibility for ensuring downward accountability to the users or beneficiaries they seek to empower. By clarifying the relationship between information and the decision-processes in which its production and use are embedded, this research can help program managers develop and fund more effective programs. In particular, it emphasizes the importance of programs with more detailed, nuanced theories of change and greater attention to incentives and downward accountability.

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Kalashnyk, Leonid. "Environmental Decision-making in the Pskov Region of the Russian Federation." Thesis, Linköping University, Department of Management and Economics, 2003. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-2345.

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The break-up of the Soviet Union handed down the Russian Federation a number of Soviet environmental legacies ranging from contaminated areas to the old bureaucratic procedures and outdated practices. In the post-Soviet years of transition to a free-market economy Russia began to face increasingly acute tension between environmental security and economic development, and the state’s ability to effectively pursue environmental policies deteriorated. Current environmental policy-makers are faced with a multitude of challenges that range from complicated environmental systems to the inconsistent legislative framework and resource deficiencies. Although researchers have paid some attention to these problems, environmental decision-making remains a poorly illuminated area and constitutes a theoretically challenging problem. This paper addresses the regional environmental decision-making process in the Russian Federation. Using the Pskov region on the border with Byelorussia and the two future EU members Estonia and Latvia as a case study, this paper seeks to supply a better understanding of how environmental decisions are made on the regional and local levels with a special focus on constraints affecting environmental policy-making. The study attempts to explain the environmental decision-making process in light of the two competing theories of decision- making, incrementalism and the bureaucratic politics model. It is primarily based on interviews made in the Pskov region in the autumn of 2002.

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Schijf, Bobbi, and n/a. "Assessing the effect of EIA : the influence of environmental effects information on resource consent decision-making in New Zealand." University of Otago. Department of Geography, 2006. http://adt.otago.ac.nz./public/adt-NZDU20070202.121126.

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Environmental impact assessment (EIA) was introduced to inform decision-makers of the potential environmental effects of the decision before them. It has been adopted worldwide and functions as one of the primary instruments for taking account of environmental consequences in project approval decision-making. To date, there has been very little systematic investigation that explores whether the decision-makers for whom the EIA information is produced actually use it, although there are indications that EIA information is not always effective in influencing decisions. This thesis examines how, and indeed if, environmental effects information influences the decision-making processes for which it is produced, and which factors determine the use of this information. Three main areas of concern are identified and investigated: the responses of individual decision-makers to environmental effects information; the characteristics of the effects information that influence these responses; and the processes by which the effects information is dealt with. At the core of the methodology employed for this research is the development of an exploratory model of EIA-based decision-making. This model builds on the insights into decision processes from a variety of disciplines, including psychology and planning. To test the utility of the model, it is evaluated against the New Zealand system of resource consent approval decision-making under the Resource Management Act, by means of case studies. Through interviews, direct observation, and analysis of written documents the decision processes in these cases are analysed. These techniques have been augmented by psychosocial methods that allow further probing into the decision processes that takes place in a decision-maker�s head. The research results show that the effort that is spent on the preparation of EIA reports and the improvement of EIA processes is not wasted. The EIA information clearly influences the decision processes for which it is intended but it is not influencing decisions optimally. EIA information often competes with information on environmental effects from other sources that is of higher quality, more credible, or better tailored to the decision-makers� information needs. A number of ways in which the use of EIA information could be enhanced is explored in this thesis. Foremost, the improvement of the effectiveness of EIA requires a wider adoption of a decision-making perspective on EIA, and a broader recognition of the information needs of the different decision processes for which EIA is prepared.

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40

Rivers, Louie. "Risk perception and decision-making in minority and marginilized communities." Columbus, Ohio : Ohio State University, 2006. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=osu1158003491.

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41

Lee, Tsz-kwan, and 李芷筠. "An analysis on the policy making process of HKSAR Government proposed statutory ban on idling vehicles with running engine policy." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2011. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B46781389.

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42

Barthle, Justin. "Analysis of Managerial Decision-Making within Florida's Total Maximum Daily Load Program." Thesis, University of South Florida, 2016. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10240940.

Full text

Abstract:

Water quality has evolved legislatively from protection of navigation routes and quantity of sources to more emphasis on impairments on water quality for surface and groundwater sources. Nonpoint or diffuse sources of impairments represents a major challenge for management due to the complexity of its sources and difficulty in tracking.

The most cited sections on public policy analysis focuses on the overall process agencies employ to understand the results the program yields. Often overlooked are finer details and mechanisms, such as decision-making and priority setting, which have a great impact on the overall process. To investigate these factors, we need to analyze the decision-making process used by managers.

This study focuses on using information from those with direct involvement in the establishment and implementation of the Total Maximum Daily Load program for the state of Florida. This study used decision-making analysis models from Rational-Decision-Making and Multi-Criteria Decision Analysis concepts to construct questionnaires that looks to develop priorities as seen by managers’ preferences for several presented options. This methodology allowed us to structure the viewpoints and processes water quality managers use to breakdown decisions.

The analyzed results show water quality managers prefer strong management options, involvement from stakeholders with scientific knowledge, and data collected from the source or point of impact. Interestingly, opinions in the group show that urban best management practices are considered more effective than their agriculture counterparts with a disfavor for volunteer derived data.

Ultimately, the survey highlights the need for more robust enforcement and reliable measurement of non-point source of impairments. Continued public outreach and education, especially through workshops, are denoted as important tasks to completing successful TMDLs and should be expanded and strengthened by both the Florida Department of Environmental Protection and its boundary programs.

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43

Montpetit, Éric. "Policy making performance, policy change, and political institutions, the formulation of an environmental policy for the agricultural sector in France, the United States and Canada." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape9/PQDD_0031/NQ66227.pdf.

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44

Fahey, Nathan Satya Cragg. "THE USE OF SCIENCE IN ENVIRONMENTAL POLICY MAKING AND THE IMPLICATIONS FOR HEALTH: A CASE STUDY OF BISMUTH SHOTSHELLS." Thesis, University of Waterloo, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10012/995.

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Scientific information is required to make environmental policy that will enhance and protect the health of ecosystems. The issues placed on the policy agenda come from the interactions amongst stakeholders, decision makers and other influential actors. These actors include government, civil society, private sector, and planning regimes. Ideally, scientific research then provides members of the policy community with assessed options upon which final decisions are eventually made.

This process is more complex than most in the realm of environmental policy because the goal of sustainability, commonly advocated by government, should serve to guide choices regarding policy alternatives. Sustainability, in practice, requires simultaneous attention to factors such as the needs of present and future generations; consideration for vastly differing social, environmental, and economic perspectives; and development of effective strategies to deal with the interconnectedness and complexity of the world. Management of these factors demands an ability to collect and process massive amounts of information at different temporal and spatial scales. The complexity of such situations means that there are instances when scientific information is not available and decisions need to be made quickly.

Using a case study approach, this thesis investigates the Canadian Wildlife Service?s attempts to achieve its mandate of conserving migratory birds while approving bismuth as an alternative to lead that was shown to cause poisoning of birds. This case study serves as an example of the tension between limited or ambiguous scientific information and urgent decisions. The chosen policy alternative to the use of lead shot was the approval of bismuth shot as a non-toxic substitute in 1997 and banning the use of lead shot nationwide in 1999. This decision to approve bismuth shot was based upon a few studies that were interpreted in a way that made it appear benign when compared to lead. This thesis examines the implications of this decision by conducting a comprehensive literature review of bismuth?s interactions with soil, vegetation, and animals, with some medical information on humans to put findings into an anthropocentric context. Also, analysis has been carried out on the results of a four-year study on bismuth in a wetland site near Kingston, Ontario, Canada. Finally, a ?post-normal perspective? exploration of the Canadian Wildlife Service revealed that decisions could be harmful to both human and environmental health if the values and knowledge of stakeholders are not taken into account and if uncertainties are overlooked.

Key findings generated by the literature review were potential chronic impacts to the neurological and reproductive health of animals exposed to bismuth shot. In turn, bismuth-contaminated meat may be a source of bismuth for humans and therefore guidelines for consumption should be investigated. Also, soil and vegetation have also been shown to accumulate bismuth, but it is unknown if it amounts to toxic levels. The wetland study helped to address the literature gap of bismuth?s fate in the environment. The mean concentration of bismuth in the soil after four years was 6. 40 µg/g, which was significantly higher than the control soil mean of 0. 42 µg/g. Ultimately, in terms of environmental policy, a ?post-normal perspective? offers three main tools for decision makers faced with urgent issues and uncertain facts. Namely, extended peer communities, acknowledgement and demonstration of uncertainty, and making values explicit.

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45

Santoso, Purwo. "The politics of environmental policy-making in Indonesia : a study of the state's capacity, 1967-1994." Thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science (University of London), 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.313831.

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46

Fan, Alice. "An assessment of environmental impacts of a nextGen implementation scenario and its implications on policy-making." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/57881.

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Thesis (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 2010.
Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 109-115).
With demand for aviation projected to grow by 5% per year over the next 20 to 25 years, policy makers must not only consider ways to ensure that the air transportation system can accomodate significant growth, but also how their policy decisions will affect the environment. Because environmental issues are becoming increasingly apparent, the sustainability of policy measures will likely constrain responses to this potential increase in aviation demand. Policy makers will need to consider various trade-offs that come with policy decisions, and find ways to balance the demands of the air transport system with the need to reduce the environmental impact of aviation. This thesis assesses the environmental impacts of implementing a policy scenario, which employs both operational and technological improvments to the air transport system. The impacts are presented in both physical and monetary metrics using the Aviation environmental Portfolio Management Tool, to allow for a comparison of trade-offs among different environmental effects. This thesis discusses the limitations of this particular scenario, while also providing an overview of policy-making models, and the observed weaknesses in current policy-making processed involving technical data. In particular, it identifies the mismatch between needs of those involved in the policy-making process, and the information provided by analysts, which can be an obstacle to developing credible and objective support for a policy proposal. It finally provides suggested methods for improving the relationship between different groups involved in developing policy to allow for better informed decision-making, and a more fluid policy-making process.
by Alice Fan.
S.M.

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47

Oehler, Stephanie C. "An Analysis of the Substantive Effectiveness of the National Environmental Policy Act: Lessons from Ivanpah." Scholarship @ Claremont, 2014. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/cmc_theses/943.

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Nearly 45 years ago, the National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA) was signed into law to become the first national policy for the environment of the United States. As it has evolved over time through implementation and litigation, numerous countries and states around the world have emulated NEPA with similar environmental impact assessment requirements. Many scholars have evaluated the success of the legislation in accomplishing its lofty goals. Most commonly, however, these studies address the procedural performance of agencies through the creation of environmental impact statements. This thesis examines the effectiveness of NEPA in accomplishing its substantive, rather than procedural, goals by identifying a set of values essential to meeting the fundamental intent of the Act. The values are then evaluated in the context of the Ivanpah Solar Electric Generating System Project to determine whether or not the NEPA process was effective in this case and to derive lessons for its future implementation.

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48

Folke, Olle. "Politics and preferences : explanations to policy outcomes in Swedish municipalities /." Uppsala : Dept. of Economics, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 2008. http://epsilon.slu.se/10862558.pdf.

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49

Gardner, Le Gars Joanne Claire. "The implications of wicked problems for the legitimacy of European environmental policy development : the case of environmental risks from the pharmaceutical endocrine disrupter, 17α-ethinyl oestradiol, under the European Water Framework Directive." Thesis, University of Exeter, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10871/33737.

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The issue of environmental risks from the pharmaceutical endocrine disrupter 17 alpha-ethinyl oestradiol (EE2), which is an active ingredient in the contraceptive pill, confronts government responsibilities for citizens' health with potential environmental risks from its presence in aquatic ecosystems. Further to a risk appraisal process conducted under the Water Framework Directive (WFD) between 2006 and 2012, the European Commission recommended the imposition of an environmental quality standard for EE2. In 2013, this recommendation was rejected by politicians. The outcome was both contested and commended. The UK Government was particularly vehement in its opposition and claimed that the risk assessment process for EE2 was not robust. The UK Government also insisted that it had swayed opinion of other EU Member States to convince them that action for EE2 was not proportionate given the extremely elevated costs of risk control options. At the present time, environmental policy for EE2 and other endocrine disrupters remains resolutely ineffective. Despite three distinct policy interventions recommending precautionary action for EE2 during the past twenty years, emissions of this potent, oestrogenic endocrine disrupter continue unabated. This thesis explains why European politicians rejected the European Commission’s risk governance recommendations for EE2 in 2013 under the Water Framework Directive. This comprises its principal empirical contribution. A novel analytical framework which draws on insights from the policy sciences, risk governance and wicked problems literature is developed. This framework is employed to determine whether the policy outcome for EE2, and the decision-making processes that preceded it, were legitimate. The research findings in this respect advance understanding of the implications of specific properties of wicked problems, of which it is argued, EE2 is an example, for the legitimacy of decision-making processes during the risk appraisal and political phases of policy development in Europe. This comprises the principle theoretical contribution of the thesis. Recommendations to promote more effective and legitimate policy development for wicked problems in similar multi-level governance contexts are also made.

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50

Lennon, Michael. "Meaning making and the policy process : the case of green infrastructure planning in the Republic of Ireland." Thesis, Cardiff University, 2013. http://orca.cf.ac.uk/43156/.

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Prior to 2008, reference to green infrastructure (GI) in Irish planning, advocacy and guidance documentation had been limited. However, by November 2011, GI was referenced in statutory guidance at national, regional and local levels, while also enjoying reference in many non-statutory planning policy and advocacy documents. This thesis seeks to examine and explain the processes which facilitated the rapid emergence, evolutionary trajectory and institutionalisation of GI planning policy in Ireland. Specifically, the investigation seeks to critically examine why and how GI was introduced, interpreted and advanced in planning policy formulation in Ireland between November 2008 and November 2011. Situated within the field of interpretive policy analysis, the thesis adopts a discourse centred approach focused on the context sensitive constitution of the ‘meaning(s)’ of GI. The potential implications of such meaning(s) are also examined. The research involves extensive documentary analysis of both Irish and international planning policy related material. The investigation also involves the analysis of semi-structured interviews with 52 interviewees from the public, private and voluntary sectors. Information obtained from participant observation at 2 planning workshops is scrutinised. The thesis provides a number of original empirical and theoretical contributions to knowledge. This is achieved by presenting a critical interpretive analysis of policy dynamics in a context where attention to ‘meaning-making’ is largely absent in academic literature regarding landuse planning. The research identifies, examines and discusses the influential roles played by planning rationalities, motivated agents, professional networks and timing in the dissemination and institutionalisation of a new policy initiative within Irish landuse governance. The thesis also provides a broader contribution to understandings of the policy process by presenting an innovative theoretical explanation of how representation and interpretation may shape the content, currency and consequences of policy.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Environmental policy making'

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