Dissertations / Theses: 'Environmental policy – Greece'

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Ghahreman, Javier. "Green Theory in Environmental Policy Making in China." Thesis, Malmö universitet, Fakulteten för kultur och samhälle (KS), 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-22763.

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Climate change has been a topic of discussion for quite some time now. International Relations Theory, which is widely used to study the politics of the world also has a subfield of Green Theory in IR which concerns itself with world politics in a combination of the environment.This study has been conducted as part of an investigation to study the effects of green theories on green policymaking, specifically in the case of China. For the study, a qualitative study was conducted where trends of environmental governance related results were examined to draw a conclusion to the research questions.This study is in hope to present the case of China which ranks among the most contaminated nation and is also a major contributor to the global environmental crisis of ecological damage. It presents how China has been able to turn the tables and has become a case exemplar instead for the world to follow in environment protection owing to strong laws and implementation by its government.

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Mohr, Robert Dirk. "Environmental policy and the adoption of technology /." Full text (PDF) from UMI/Dissertation Abstracts International, 2001. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/utexas/fullcit?p3008397.

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Tang, Man-wing Eddie. "Green Movement in Hong Kong." [Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong], 1991. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B13117427.

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Ward, Stephen. "The politics of environmental agendas : the case of UK local authorities." Thesis, University of the West of England, Bristol, 1994. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.261618.

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Li, Siliang. "The effectiveness of environmental protests in China : a study of 53 cases /." View abstract or full-text, 2008. http://library.ust.hk/cgi/db/thesis.pl?SOSC%202008%20LI.

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Danilina, Vera. "Essays on environmental regulation." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017AIXM0452.

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Cette thèse développe l’analyse d’une politique économique environnementale appliquée dans le cadre d’une économie ouverte et dans celui d’une économie fermée. Elle étudie les effets sur le bien-être et l’environnement des réglementations volontaire et obligatoire tenant compte de l’hétérogénéité des agents économiques et des pays. Elle s’intéresse en particulier aux différents types d’éco-étiquetages en autarcie (Chapitre 1) et après ouverture au commerce international (Chapitre 2); aux programmes d’apport d’information à plusieurs niveaux (Chapitre 3); et aux taxes sur les émissions et marchés publics écologiques (Chapitre 4). L’analyse montre que non seulement le gouvernement mais également les éco-consommateurs peuvent inciter même les producteurs éco-indifférents à se décider pour l’agir respectueux de l’environnement. Les instruments de politique environnementale induisent auto-sélection et polarisation dans les marchés desservis par des entreprises hétérogènes en termes de productivité. Je démontre que des instruments volontaires peuvent avoir des résultats positifs sur le bien-être et l’environnement. En fonction d’hypothèses précises, ils peuvent également être plus efficaces que des approches obligatoires. Le modèle montre également que quand il y a ouverture au commerce international, la politique écologique a un effet supplémentaire sur le bien-être et sur l’environnement, dépendamment du type de politique et des consciences environnementales des différents pays commerciaux
This thesis develops an applied environmental economic policy analysis in closed and open economy frameworks. It investigates welfare and environmental outcomes of voluntary and mandatory regulation allowing for heterogeneity across economic agents and countries. Particularly, it focuses on voluntary eco-labels of different types in autarky (Chapter 1) and upon opening to international trade (Chapter 2); multi-tier information provision programmes (Chapter 3); and emission taxes and green public procurement (Chapter 4). The analysis shows that not only the government but also eco-concerned consumers can incentivise even eco-indifferent producers to act more environmentally-friendly. Environmental policy instruments induce self-selection and polarisation in the markets served by firms heterogeneous in their productivity. I demonstrate that voluntary instruments can lead to positive welfare and environmental outcomes. Under particular assumptions, they also can be more efficient than mandatory approaches. The model also shows that upon opening to international trade eco-policy yields additional welfare and environmental effects conditionally on the type of the policy and the environmental awareness difference across trading countries

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Sinsheimer, Peter. "Fashioning a greener shade of clean integrating pollution prevention into public policy : the case of professional wet cleaning /." Diss., Restricted to subscribing institutions, 2009. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1835200081&sid=1&Fmt=2&clientId=1564&RQT=309&VName=PQD.

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Edwards, Laura. "E-Waste Recycling: The Dirty Trade Between the United States and China." Scholarship @ Claremont, 2016. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/pomona_theses/153.

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This thesis explores the environmental and public health damages associated with the informal e-waste recycling industry in China and provides an overview of Chinese policies regulating e-waste. Furthermore, the thesis examines how the United States has contributed to these ecological and human health damages by exporting e-waste to China and failing to regulate the US e-waste recycling industry.

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Yuen, Man-sin Michelle. "Problems and prospects of green development in Hong Kong : a case study of Sai Kung /." Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 1998. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B1990602X.

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Zelle, Carsten F. "Why is there no Green Party in America?: Environmental politics and environmental consciousness in the United States and West Germany." Thesis, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/52094.

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The present paper attempts to explain the absence of a Green Party in America by means of comparison with the country that gave birth to the most successful Green Party so far: West Germany. In the first section it will be shown, that neither the electoral system nor other legal barriers prevent new parties from emerging in the United States. Then, the two countries will be examined from two different perspectives. First, through comparison of the politics of environmental protection it will be shown how a dialogue between the state and interest groups could be established in America, while it could not in Germany. The conclusion will be drawn that different opportunity structures define different incentives to founding a Green Party. From this finding the hypothesis will be developed that the conflictual environmental politics in Germany caused environmental concern to merge with other New Politics concerns and visions of a new state. It is from this ideology that the Green Party drew its electoral success. Due to aggregation of the environmental issue in institutional politics, this potential Green electorate did not emerge in the United States. The hypothesis will be tested empirically using survey data. Three operationalizations of the Green ideology will be employed: postmaterialism, the New Environmental Paradigm, and support for protest movements. The results deliver strong support for the hypothesis. The electoral resources for an American Green Party are weak.
Master of Arts

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Kruglikova, Nina. "The environmental NGO as mediator of scientific knowledge : an ethnographic study." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2014. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.669734.

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VanDevelder, Melinda J. "A WATERSHED MOMENT: IMPLEMENTING STATE ENVIRONMENTAL LITERACY POLICY INTO A CENTRAL VIRGINIA SCHOOL DISTRICT." VCU Scholars Compass, 2018. https://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/5478.

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Abstract A WATERSHED MOMENT: IMPLEMENTING STATE ENVIRONMENTAL LITERACY POLICY INTO A CENTRAL VIRGINIA SCHOOL DISTRICT By Melinda J. VanDevelder, Ph.D. A dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy at Virginia Commonwealth University. Virginia Commonwealth University, 2018 Director: Charol Shakeshaft, Ph.D., Professor, Department of Educational Leadership Policy goals may be impossible to achieve at the classroom level (Ravitch, 2014), as policy depends on those who implement it (Lipsky, 1980). The purpose of this research was to investigate how the voluntary environmental educational executive order, EO42, was implemented and executed in a Central Virginia Public School district. The requirements of EO42 were former Virginia Governor MacAuliffe’s response to a multi-state policy he signed called the 2014 Chesapeake Bay Watershed Agreement, which called for all Virginia public education schools to implement Meaningful Watershed Educational Experiences (MWEEs) with students at the elementary, middle, and high school levels. Interviews of state educational and environmental policy-makers indicated EO42 was a hurried process that came without funding and which was done, in large part, to make a political statement. An interview of the Central County Public School’s science specialist portrays the practices used with local environmental outreach educators in order to prepare 64 middle and high school science teachers to implement MWEE lessons required by EO42 for the 2015-2016 school year. A 2 x 2 Chi-squared analysis done on data collected from teacher surveys indicated a statistically significant difference [Chi-squared (1 d.f.) = 4.17, p < 0.05] between teachers’ professional development attendance and teachers’ perceived ability to complete a MWEE lesson with their students. Analyzed teacher survey data also indicates that teachers who had attempted MWEEs in prior years were more likely to attempt a MWEE with their students [t (61) = -2.846, p = 0.006] than were teachers who had not. Though 83% of teachers reported completing a MWEE with the majority of their students, analysis of teacher-reported lessons indicated that only 22% of teachers completed the four components required of a MWEE (environmental issue definition, an outdoor field experience, an action project, and project synthesis and conclusion). Results indicate that there is much work to be done when introducing new policy into secondary schools (Ball, Maguire, & Braun, 2012).

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Tang, Man-wing Eddie, and 鄧文穎. "Green Movement in Hong Kong." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1991. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31976748.

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Cabrera, Frances L. "WEEE and RoHS : are they spurring innovation among small and medium sized electronics businesses in the U.S.? /." Online version of thesis, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1850/7934.

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Brand, Ralf Gregor. "Co-evolution toward sustainable development : neither smart technologies nor heroic choices /." Access restricted to users with UT Austin EID, 2003. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/utexas/fullcit?p3108469.

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Kerr, Thor Antony. "Representing ecological threats and negotiating green built environment." Thesis, Curtin University, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11937/732.

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Amid a prevalence of textual references about human-induced ecological threats in contemporary society, several studies have investigated the discursive production of such threats and their solutions by policy-making institutions. Yet, this focus on institutional discourse has suggested a less comprehensive analysis of how ecological threats are represented by engaged citizens attempting to influence environmental policy through truth-producing public conversation. Out of this context, this thesis was devised to investigate ecological threat representation in relation to social negotiation of meanings of green built environment. Specifically, it was designed to answer the question of how representation of ecological threats affects the meaning of green built environment and the practices through which this meaning is produced.Answering this question required a method of investigating the positioning, disruption, stabilization and mutual functionalization of ecological threats and proposed solutions in urban planning discourse. Theoretical insights from cultural studies, critical theory, psychoanalysis, geography and media studies were incorporated into a method of analysing various types of public and media texts about ecological threats and a proposed green built environment – North Port Quay, in Fremantle, Western Australia.The analysis found that an apparently universal global ecological threat, such as climate change, was read in heterogeneous ways; and these readings were particularly influenced by sensual experience of environmental objects. It also found that production of meaning of green built environment depended upon a subject reading solutions into an environmental narrative that mutually functionalized with any significant ecological threats read into the narrative. It found that spatially and temporally immediate threats were more meaningful and motivating than distant, future threats; and that people responded conservatively when they realized that a sensually experienced object of the environment faced immediate threat.These findings have implications for understanding the relations of imposing and resisting green zones of capital accumulation, and for understanding the separation of analysis from action in liberal democracy. The findings suggest a way out of ecological crisis through an ethics of ecological threat representation that acknowledges the operation of affective investment in practical reason. This thesis is expected to make an interdisciplinary contribution, encouraging dialogue between urban planning theory and cultural studies as well as between critical theory and studies on sustainability. It should also further understandings of the complex negotiations of both ecological threats and green built environments.

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Wessels, Janelle. "Towards a mutually sustainable environmentally friendly information technology policy framework for South African small, medium and micro enterprises." Diss., University of Pretoria, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/26076.

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A number of problems have served as motivators for this study: Environmental deterioration as a risk to economic facilitation; missed organisational green competitive opportunities; South Africa's need as a developing country for the growth of small, medium and micro-enterprises (SMMEs); and information technologies as an aid for ecological and economical problems. Accordingly, this research has aimed to suggest environment-friendly information technology policies that can be implemented in South African SMMEs, engendering mutually beneficial sustainability for the three domains (or contextual study elements) ‘Environment’, ‘Organisation’ and ‘Information Technology’. The methodology used involves an interpretive research approach, a literature survey based on document analyses, and an empirical study based on green information technology expert interviews. In collecting the data, the theory of three of the five Multiple Perspectives Approach perspective types was applied; for the data analysis, the Hierarchical and Signed components constituting the Directed Graphing Method where applied. The output of this study includes an explanation of the relationships that exist between the study elements and that lead to mutually beneficial sustainability. It also includes the identification of Key Sustainability Factors for each of the research elements, as high level critical goals to be achieved by green information technology policy developers in pursuing mutually beneficial sustainability. Furthermore, the output contains contextually consolidated Key Sustainability Factor Enablers, to serve as policy recommendations for implementation by green information technology practitioners toward ensuring mutually beneficial sustainability; and, finally, a sample integration of these Key Sustainability Factor Enablers, now referred to as Conceptual Policy Views, such as may have been produced by typical green information technology policy developers in selecting and prioritising views for organisational utilisations. In answering the main research question of this study, as well as providing its key outcome, a conceptual framework has been produced which comprises information technology policies that are supported to be feasible for implementation as well as of mutual benefit in terms of sustainability for the ‘Environment’, South African SMME ‘Organisations’ and ‘Information Technology’ itself. This provides an ordered and related means of implementing information technology policies, while also relating these policies to their respective mutually beneficial Key Sustainability Factors. Strategic planning, toward incorporating the conceptual framework into organisational policy, is thus enabled. This study concludes with an evaluation of its findings and execution, together with future research recommendations.
Dissertation (MCom)--University of Pretoria, 2011.
Informatics
unrestricted

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Schweitzer, Na'ama. "Greening the Streets: A Comparison of Sustainable Stormwater Management in Portland, Oregon and Los Angeles, California." Scholarship @ Claremont, 2013. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/pomona_theses/85.

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Stormwater runoff is one of the main sources of pollution for urban waterways. Stormwater has traditionally been managed through concrete-based storm drainage systems, but the past twenty years have introduced an alternative in the form of green infrastructure. Green infrastructure for stormwater management involves the use of low impact development (LID), often vegetated facilities to mimic natural hydrologic systems that capture and allow infiltration of rainwater where it falls and from impervious surfaces upstream, before entering the drainage system. Portland, Oregon and Los Angeles, California have adopted green infrastructure into their stormwater management plans. For this project, bioswales, a form of vegetated LID facility, were tested in each city to determine their pollutant retention capabilities. Results from Portland show that bioswales filter out heavy metals effectively, and results from Los Angeles show that bioswales accumulate heavy metals in the soil over the course of the year (also due to filtering out metals from the stormwater). These results raise the question of whether accumulation can reach dangerous levels or saturate the soil with pollutants so that removal efficiency is diminished, indicating a need for further monitoring. However, the success of bioswales up to this point is encouraging and indicates that this method should continue to be employed.

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Okajima, Shigeharu. "Essays on the effect of environmental policies in Japan." The Ohio State University, 2012. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1337263028.

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Ball, Christopher Stephen. "Energy policies and environmental entrepreneurship : the cases of Britain, France and Germany." Thesis, University of Stirling, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/1893/23945.

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To respect climate change goals, reinforced by COP21 in Paris, an overhaul of the energy system in EU countries will be necessary and this will involve a major deployment of low-carbon technology (Stern 2006). Although the relative roles of green new ventures and incumbent firms in the dissemination of environmental innovation remain unclear (Hall, Daneke et al. 2010), entrepreneurship shows promise as a response to environmental prob-lems (Anderson 1998, Schaltegger 2002, Hart, Milstein 1999). Since green new ventures are free from the innovatory constraints faced by incumbent firms (York, Venkataraman 2010, Hockerts, Wüstenhagen 2010), they are in a position to disrupt existing unsustaina-ble markets. Designing and implementing an energy policy with an “entrepreneurial fla-vour” (Wüstenhagen, Wuebker 2011) could be advantageous in achieving a successful sus-tainable transformation of the energy system. This thesis examines how entrepreneurs per-ceive energy policy in three advanced EU countries using a case study approach, with each country constituting a case. Data sources comprised policy documents, interviews with entrepreneurs and key staff in new ventures, and field notes from practitioner conferences. At this critical point at which direct support for renewables is being withdrawn, it is argued that efforts must be made to retain this entrepreneurial force in the energy market. This thesis reflects on the degree to which the market-creating support mechanisms are being withdrawn. If entrepreneurship is to thrive in a post-support context, there must be consid-eration as to how to better integrate decentralised renewables into the energy market, espe-cially in relation to how they can compete effectively with conventional technologies, namely nuclear and gas. In addition to alternative strategies to incentivise adoption of re-newable energy technologies beyond early adopter consumer categories (Rogers 1995), building greater public consent to sustainability policies is crucial to the continued success of energy entrepreneurship. Geopolitical factors surrounding energy security may rein-force the case for continuing to support entrepreneurship in the renewable power sector.

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Gartmark, Joakim. "An assessment of cost-efficiency differences between feed-in-tariffs and tradable green certificates from a governmental perspective." Thesis, Stockholms universitet, Nationalekonomiska institutionen, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-119789.

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The increasing environmental threat because of unsustainable pollution levelshave forced E.U. to take further actions by enforcing directives in the electricity sector. The E.U. directives, enforced in 2002, aim to increase the level of electricity produced from renewable sources. In order to fulfill their received national target of green electricity, the E.U. members have, in most cases, either adopted a feed-in tariff or tradable green certificates. Since it is in a government’sinterest to minimize expenditure while still maximizing incentives when adopting a policy, this study has evaluated the cost-efficiency differences of a FIT and aTGC from a governmental perspective. This has been done by using two different models, one which measures total governmental expenditures in the energy sector and one which only measures the subsidies in the energy sector. The findings suggest that a TGC can be up to 159% more cost-efficient than a FIT, depending on how it is measured. The total expenditure model could establish the costefficiency differences with a significance of 5%, while the subsidy model could not establish the differences on a satisfying significance level

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Waddick, Caitlin Janson. "Healthy residential developments: reducing pollutant exposures for vulnerable populations with multiple chemical sensitivities." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/37270.

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Many serious illnesses are linked to everyday exposures to toxic chemicals. In the U.S., most chemical exposure comes from common consumer products such as pesticides, fragranced products, cleaning supplies, and building materials--products so widely used that people consider them "safe." As the links between everyday toxic exposures and potential health effects become better understood, evidence increasingly shows that reducing exposures can create a healthier society. Although some individuals may choose to build a healthy home and maintain a healthy household, they are still exposed to pollutants at their residences from the actions of others, such as to pesticides that are used by neighbors, businesses, and governments. They need healthy residential developments in environmentally healthy communities. This research investigates "healthy residential developments," defined as a property that aims to reduce pollutant exposures to the extent required by vulnerable populations, which for this research are individuals with multiple chemical sensitivities (MCS). Through a case study approach, this research investigates two exemplars of healthy residential developments, and explains how and why they form and continue. It also examines their implementation methods, and implications for planning and policy. Primary data collection methods included in-person interviews, telephone interviews, and site visits. Research strategies included the analysis of interview data, and categorical aggregation using thematic categories within and across cases. The categories focused on factors of formation and continuation for the two healthy residential developments. Findings include the challenges of people disabled with MCS to find safe housing; the importance of planning to address these challenges; the role of individuals, funding, and zoning in the formation of healthy residential developments; the role of funding, safe maintenance, and property management in their continuation; and, the need for affordable and safe housing for vulnerable populations. Future research can address the need to develop methods to create and sustain healthy residential developments, understand and reduce sources of exposure that initiate and trigger chemical sensitivity, and investigate experiences and implementation strategies in other countries.

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REN, Qing. "Applying Bayesian Belief Network To Understand Public Perception On Green Stormwater Infrastructures In Vermont." ScholarWorks @ UVM, 2018. https://scholarworks.uvm.edu/graddis/835.

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Decisions of adopting best management practices made on residential properties play an important role in reduction of nutrient loading from non-point sources into Lake Champlain and other waterbodies in Vermont. In this study, we use Bayesian belief network (BBN) to analyze a 2015 survey dataset about adoption of six types of green infrastructures (GSIs) in Vermont’s residential areas. Learning BBNs from physical probabilities of the variables provides a visually explicit approach to reveal the message delivered by the dataset. Using both unsupervised and supervised machine learning algorithms, we are able to generate networks that connect the variables of interest and conduct inference to look into the probabilistic associations between the variables. Unsupervised learning reveals the underlying structures of the dataset without presumptions. Supervised learning provides insights for how each factor (e.g. demographics, risk perception, and attribution of responsibilities) influence individuals’ pro-environmental behaviors. We also compare the effectiveness of BBN approach and logistic regression in predicting the pro-environmental behaviors (adoption of GSIs). The results show that influencing factors for current adoption vary by different types of GSI. Risk perception of stormwater issues are associated with adoption of GSIs. Runoff issues are more likely to be considered as the governments’ (town, state, and federal agencies) responsibility, whereas lawn erosion is more likely to be considered as the residents’ own responsibility. When using the same set of variables to predict pro-environmental behaviors (adoption of GSI), BBN approach produces more accurate prediction compared to logistic regression.

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Beem, Lisa A. "Connecting Urban Residents to Their Watershed with Green Stormwater Infrastructure: A case study of Thornton Creek in Seattle, Washington." Scholarship @ Claremont, 2013. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/pomona_theses/100.

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Beem, Lisa A. "Connecting Urban Residents to Their Watershed with Green Stormwater Infrastructure: A case study of Thornton Creek in Seattle, Washington." Scholarship @ Claremont, 2014. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/scripps_theses/339.

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Riggs, Spence. "Parcel-Level Green Stormwater Management Policy: What New Orleans Can Learn from Philadelphia’s Parcel-Based Utility Fee." ScholarWorks@UNO, 2014. http://scholarworks.uno.edu/td/1939.

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The Greater New Orleans Urban Water Plan promotes the ideology of integrating green infrastructure into the City’s water management strategy to cultivate resiliency. In order to develop enough green infrastructure to have a significant impact on the hydrological functioning of the area, New Orleans officials are investigating different options for encouraging property owners to manage their stormwater on-site. Philadelphia Water Department’s parcel-based stormwater utility fee has been offered as a model for working within the constraints of the municipal government’s regulatory authority to increase the water retention capacity of individual properties. This thesis provides an analysis of Philadelphia Water Department’s stormwater utility policy and offers recommendations to other cities, like New Orleans, that are considering adopting a similar policy in their jurisdiction.

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Bekenstein, Jenny. "Campaigning on an Environmental Justice Platform: Irmalinda Osuna for Upland City Council, District 3." Scholarship @ Claremont, 2019. https://scholarship.claremont.edu/pitzer_theses/97.

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After successfully organizing around preserving Cabrillo Park in Upland and feeling a lack of local political representation, Irmalinda Osuna ran for Upland City Council in the 2018 midterm elections. As one of the many female candidates in the 2018 elections, Irmalinda led a grassroots, community-led political campaign in which she advocated for environmental justice and the preservation of parks, a more inclusive community, increased civic participation, a more efficient use of technology in politics, and support for small businesses.

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Du, Toit Ben-Johann. "The effects of eco-labelling on consumer behaviour in the non-foods fast-moving consumer goods category : a study of South African consumers." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/85161.

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Thesis (MBA)--Stellenbosch University, 2011.
A global increase in environmental awareness and concern about issues such as climate change, resource depletion and higher levels of pollution are having a greater influence on the purchasing decisions and product selection of consumers. In a response to this trend and growing demand for eco-friendly products, manufacturers introduced goods suggested to have a less harmful impact on the environment. A growing number of environmental logos and unsupported claims caused consumer scepticism and created a need for certified environmental logos, which led to the introduction of eco-labels. To date, South Africa does not have a certified eco-label in the fast-moving consumer goods (FMCG) non-food category. The application of eco-labels on products would allow South African consumers to identify eco-friendly options and incentivise producers to develop goods that are less harmful to the environment. In order to establish the requirements for a successful eco-labelling scheme, a literature review was conducted. Based on the findings, a consumer survey was carried out to determine whether there is a demand for eco-labelled goods in South Africa and whether an eco-labelling project will have a significant effect on consumer behaviour in the FMCG non-food category. Statistical analysis of the data revealed that consumers are concerned about the environment and that they will support eco-friendly goods, if the quality and performance are as good as regular products. The survey, however, revealed that consumers are of the opinion that eco-friendly products are not as effective as regular products. The analysis also found that consumers are price sensitive and not willing to pay a large premium for eco-friendly attributes. These are the two main obstacles hindering South African consumers to move to more sustainable consumption patterns. In the survey, consumers also indicated a need for an independent third party to verify environmental claims, manage eco-labels and audit producers to ensure that eco-friendly goods meet acceptable sustainability and quality standards.

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Ward, Nora Catherine. "Nature's Patrons: Private Sector Engagement and Powerful Environmentalisms." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2018. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc1157630/.

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In this dissertation, I examine the role of private sector engagement in environmental governance. The relationship between mainstream environmentalism and the private sector has moved from one of general hostility to one of constructive engagement in recent times. As a result, the traditional distinctions between environmental non-governmental organizations and private corporations have become blurred, making way for public-private hybrids, facilitated by frameworks of philanthropy, sponsorship, and corporate social responsibility. Connected to these broader reconfigurations in environmental governance are simultaneous alterations in the normative framework of mainstream environmentalism. Ideologically, environmental policy and neoliberalism are now intertwined, entangling assumptions about nature and culture, and reflected in the popularization of environmental protection mechanisms that are deeply embedded in the values of the market economy. Analyzing particular examples of such engagements, and informed by Gramscian theory, I analyze the connections between rising corporate presence in mainstream environmentalism and broader normative and practical change, focusing, in particular, on the frameworks of ecomodernism and the Green Economy. I argue that contemporary private sector engagement in environmentalism leads to the support, production and construction of powerful environmentalisms: environmental ideologies and practices that gain power from, not in spite of, prevailing dominant interests. As such, these powerful environmentalisms tend to produce and reproduce elite processes of capitalist production and prioritize instrumental norms of human-nature relations, while marginalizing others. I conclude by outlining suggestions in support of a democratic environmental politics that represents and recognizes a more diverse array of actors, human-nature relationships, and frameworks of environmental care.

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Пімоненко, Тетяна Володимирівна, Татьяна Владимировна Пимоненко, and Tetiana Volodymyrivna Pimonenko. "Маркетинг і менеджмент зелених інвестицій." Thesis, Сумський державний університет, 2019. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/74735.

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У дисертації поглиблено структуризацію методичних підходів до визначення сутності зелених інвестицій та уточнено їх зміст, удосконалено теоретикометодичне підuрунтя системної реалізації управлінського, маркетингового та інституційного забезпечення зеленого інвестування, визначено специфічні принципи та вдосконалено критеріальну базу менеджменту зелених інвестицій, обгрунтовано специфічні особливості комплексу маркетингу зелених інвестицій і здійснено типологізацію їх стратегій, удосконалено підхід до оцінювання рівня доброчесності маркетингової політики екологовідповідального підприємства, поглиблено типологізацію підходів до визначення зеленого бренда компанії та розроблено конвергентний підхід до його вимірювання, обгрунтовано напрямки взаємозв’язку зеленого бренда та зелених інвестицій, розроблено науково-методологічне підгрунтя оцінювання впливу рівня доброчесності маркетингової політики еколого- відповідального підприємства на його зелений бренд, обгрунтовано коінтеграційні зв’язки між обсягами зелених інвестицій підприємницького сектору та еколого-економічними ефектами, визначено напрямки їх урахування під час формування системи комунікацій між стейкхолдерами зеленого інвестування, обгрунтовано драйвери розвитку системи маркетингу та менеджменту зелених інвестицій на підприємствах України на основі європейського досвіду.
The dissertation is devoted to the development of the theoretical and methodological basis of marketing and management of green investment in the framework of the company’s management and developing of green investment market. The classification of approach to defining green investing depends on investment target was deepen and proposed as follows: technological (goal – pollution prevention and elimination); project (goal – implementation of green innovation and clean technology projects); financial (goal – profit from eco-activities); convergent (goal is the harmonization of social, ecological and economic effects) and marketing (goal is the developing of green awareness among stakeholders). The green investments were defined as property and intellectual values, which are directed into real and financial assets for the purpose of obtaining explicit and latent economic, environmental and social effects, and are accompanied by the use of marketing instruments for the cultivation of green awareness among stakeholders, management practices of environmentally responsible business and institution conditions of green investing. The marketing and management of green investment proposed to analyse not as isolated so as integrating the system with institutional conditions of green investing. It allowed to considering causal relationships, explicit and latent channels of interaction between key stakeholders, complementary nature of the green investment, effects of flows and diffusion of management and marketing decisions in the field of green investing, obtained the synergistic effect of green investing, which was reflected in the growth of company’s value. In order to individualize the green investment management instruments, it is necessary to create individual profiles for the institutional, capitalization and consumer-technology clusters of the green investing’s stakeholders. The green investment management system should integrate both traditional management and investment principles and a range of specific green investment principles, the core principals –collaboration, dissemination, and convergence. The complementary nature of green investment management requires the adjustment of managerial decision-making criteria for the feasibility of implementing green investing’s projects. The main one is the indicator of social, ecological and economic effect, which considering the weighted average cost of raising capital for the realization of green investment (green loans, funds of specialized international funds, resources from the green stock market, etc.), environmental taxes and penalties, saving of all kinds of resources and social payments as a result of the green investment implementation, direct and indirect revenue from green investment. With the implementation of the sustainable development concept, traditional 4P marketing concepts were transformed into 8P. Moreover, green and investment marketing concepts were developing too. The features of the 8P complex of green investment marketing, as well as the impact, image and hidden marketing strategies of green investment, were determined. It considers the financial, economic, environmental and social aspects of shaping the market environment for promoting green investment, creating eco-oriented consumer and investment public needs. Unfair and deliberate misleading of consumers about the company’s green performance of or unreasonably declaring and promoting its green goals could provoke to loss of profit, the outflow of investments, reputation losses, decreasing in the level of consumer confidence in the brand, etc. It was proposed to calculate a greenwash index using the PLS-PM model, the source of which was the content analysis of public information provided on the company’s web resources. The findings on of domestic industrial enterprises of the mechanical engineering and metallurgical industry showed that the most negative was perceived by stakeholders when information on the official page masked real data, making green targets better than they were. Approaches to defining a company green brand was proposed to structure according to the corer element of the Brand-wheel (parametric, resultant, emotional, association method); the level of brand perception (scaling, inclusion, and competencies); the object of assessment (ABC method, capitalization, rating, market, comparative). The existing system of approaches to defining a company's green brand was complemented by a converged one, which allows a comprehensive assessment of all components of a green brand, as well as considering not only the absolute but also the comparative advantages of a company in terms of market positioning as an environmentally responsible one. It has been tested on the example of the national industrial companies: Metinvest Group, PrJSC "Dniprospetsstal", PJSC "ArcelorMittal Kryviy Rih". The relationship between green investment and green brand as one of the most whispered marketing instruments had the objective and objective characters, their impact was conditional. That was confirmed by a combination of system and structural analysis and Google Trends instruments (the trends and volatility of Internet queries for these concepts were completely identical). On the one hand, due to the growing value of the green brand, the company got additional opportunities to attract green investment; on the other hand, the amount of green investment contributed to the growth of the company’s green. A one-point increasing in the greenwash index as an indicator of the integrity of a company's eco-friendly marketing policy leads to a decrease in the company's green brand level by 0.56 points. This is confirmed by practical calculations on empirical data of Ukrainian industrial enterprises using an approach that involves the use of content analysis and graphs of measurement of formative and reflective models of PLS-PM, as well as considering the duality of causal relationships between factors. It is necessary to use a chain communication network and considering cointegration linking between the green investment and ecological and economic effects in order to develop the effective channels of the collaboration of the stakeholders from the different clusters (institutional, capitalization and consumer-technological). The findings based on the constructed economic and mathematical model (cointegration was estimated using the Pedroni test and the least-squares method) on the data of the EU and Ukraine for 2000–2017 showed that a 1 % increase in the volume of green in-vestment lead to GDP increasing of 6.1 %, renewable energy sources – by 7.5%, and greenhouse gas emission reductions – by 4.8 %. The drivers to boost the marketing and management system in Ukrainian companies based on European experience were developed.

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De, La Grandiere Mark Derek. "Optimizing Green Supply Chain Management Strategies." ScholarWorks, 2019. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/7864.

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Some business leaders in the manufacturing industry lack strategies to optimize green supply chain management strategies that increase profitability while reducing the carbon footprint. The lack of green supply chain strategies sub optimizes the use of resources business leaders use to meet their financial goals. The purpose of this qualitative single case study was to explore successful green supply chain strategies leaders used to increase profitability while reducing the carbon footprint. The participants were 7 business leaders in one manufacturing organization headquartered in Massachusetts who have sophisticated green supply chain strategies in place. The natural resource-based view theory was the conceptual framework for this study. Data were collected through semistructured interviews and organizational documents. Through thematic analysis, 3 key themes emerged: environmental management strategies, profit-increasing strategies, and governance strategies. The findings of this study might be of value to business leaders to reduce costs and create sustainable, competitive supply chains using responsible methods. The implications for social change include the potential for leaders to preserve finite natural resources for future generations and reduce the carbon footprint of manufacturing organizations.

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Leval, Delilah Zoe. "Cost-benefit Analysis of Greening an Older Modest-sized Home." DigitalCommons@CalPoly, 2010. https://digitalcommons.calpoly.edu/theses/393.

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This professional project estimates the upfront costs and utility savings expected from greening an approximately 1,100 square foot home built in the 1950s in the San Francisco Bay Area. Two sets of upgrades (alternative and original) were compared for costs and benefits. The alternative set (which included ceiling insulation and omitted upgrading to dual-pane windows) clearly out performed the original set. The alternative set would be expected to reduce resident utility bills by 28% annually, and to prevent approximately 2,700 lbs of carbon dioxide emissions annually. The water efficiency upgrades were the best performing group of upgrades, as they had the lowest upfront cost and shortest payback period. (These water efficiency upgrades consisted of modifying toilets, faucets, and showerhead, as well as upgrading the dishwasher and clothes washer to efficient models.) Future very low-budget greening programs, in nearly all cases, should include a full-set of water fixture modifications, weatherstripping, and clotheslines. As budgets allow, other upgrades from alternative upgrades list are recommended, such as ceiling fans, programmable thermostats, and ceiling insulation. Whenever possible, workforce development labor should be used to simultaneously reduce labor costs and multiply the social benefit of each project dollar by providing entry-level green collar jobs.

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Santos, Filho Agripino Alexandre dos. "Da natureza à cultura : tecnonatureza como novo paradigma ambiental." Universidade Federal de Sergipe, 2015. https://ri.ufs.br/handle/riufs/4040.

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The overall objective of this research is to propose a new environmental paradigm and the means for their enforcement. The specific objectives are: describe the concept of environmental paradigm; analyzing the structure and dynamics of modern environmental crisis; present another environmental paradigm based on the idea technonature; proposing the legal field as a means to overcome the systemic blockages that prevent the paradigmatic transition. It is a fundamental or theoretical research, which uses the method of hypotheticaldeductive approach, the method of historical-critical procedure and the procedure bibliographic data collection, having interdisciplinary character. The results allow us to infer that the modern environmental paradigm was efficient to better understand the functioning of natural processes to promote human welfare, but their hypertrophy led exhausted, making it unable to identify and resolve environmental problems affecting modern societies. However, the modern environmental crisis does not develop to the point of allowing a paradigmatic transition, because of the delaying structure, developed in late modernity, the stall indefinitely. The appropriate treatment is to build another environmental paradigm based on the idea technonature, as a synthesis between the natural and the cultural, surpassing the exhaustion of the modern environmental paradigm and redirecting social practices, with a view to rebuilding the civilization model under new bases. The legal field, in a democratic state, is a medium that allows establishing and securing new metasubjetivos rights, constituting a symbolic struggle for space where a new environmental paradigm can be said, breaking the systemic blockages.
O objetivo geral da presente pesquisa consiste em propor um novo paradigma ambiental e os meios para sua efetivação. Os objetivos específicos são: descrever o conceito de paradigma ambiental; analisar a estrutura e a dinâmica da crise ambiental moderna; apresentar outro paradigma ambiental, baseado na ideia de tecnonatureza; propor o campo jurídico como meio para superação dos bloqueios sistêmicos que impedem a transição paradigmática. Tratase de uma pesquisa de natureza fundamental ou teórica, que utiliza o método de abordagem hipotético-dedutivo, o método de procedimento histórico-crítico e o procedimento bibliográfico de coleta de dados, possuindo caráter interdisciplinar. Os resultados obtidos permitem inferir que o paradigma ambiental moderno foi eficiente em compreender melhor o funcionamento dos processos naturais para a promoção do bem-estar humano, mas sua hipertrofia conduziu ao seu esgotamento, tornando-o incapaz de identificar e resolver os problemas ecológicos que afetam as sociedades modernas. No entanto, a crise ambiental moderna não se desenvolve ao ponto de permitir uma transição paradigmática, em razão da estrutura de protelação, desenvolvida na modernidade tardia, que a protela indefinidamente. A terapêutica adequada é construir outro paradigma ambiental fundado na ideia de Tecnonatureza, como síntese entre o natural e o cultural, superando o esgotamento do paradigma ambiental moderno e reorientando as práticas sociais, com vistas a reconstrução do modelo civilizatório sob novas bases. O campo jurídico, em um Estado Democrático de Direito, é um meio que permite instituir e garantir novos direitos metasubjetivos, constituindo-se um espaço de luta simbólica, onde um novo paradigma ambiental pode se afirmar, rompendo os bloqueios sistêmicos.

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Lilja, Ellen. "The role of nature-based solutions for ecological urban planning in the sustainable city : How is the Green Space Factor system presented in urban planning strategies?" Thesis, Malmö universitet, Malmö högskola, Institutionen för Urbana Studier (US), 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-43614.

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The thesis covers the role of the Green Space Factor (GSF) system as a nature-based solution for ecological urban planning in the sustainable city. One main focus for sustainable urban development is the aspect of constructing green spaces and green buildings in order to improve land-use efficiencies and thus minimize negative environmental impacts. Hence, in this study research is made through conducting a qualitative municipal document analysis on how the GSF system is portrayed and implemented in urban planning strategies based on the municipalities of Malmö and Gothenburg. To limit the study, two urban areas are selected for further investigation, the Western harbour in Malmö City and the Freeport in Gothenburg City. The documents included in the study are based on three categories of developing the chosen urban areas: visions, area programs and detailed plans. From the document analysis, several categories or themes were extracted consisting of future goals and vision, actors and trademarks, visionary sustainability, climate change adaptation strategies, sustainable urban development models, green infrastructure, and lastly strategies and design principles of the Western harbour and the Freeport. The results are analysed through the theory of neoliberalised urban climate change adaptation strategies and green fix as crisis management. In order to include the local context of sustainable urban development, environmental policy localization is also included in the analysis of the results. The results from the analysis of the empirical material show that the municipalities of Malmö and Gothenburg have implemented the GSF planning system into the local context of their visions, area programs and detailed plans of both the Western harbour and the Freeport. The GSF system is included in both urban planning strategies through indirect terminologies connected to general sustainable development, such as climate change adaptation, green infrastructure and design principles showcasing the desired sustainability strategies. However, the results present the risk of market-based sustainability trademarking. The study concludes on the mark that it is important for the cities to on one hand implement the GSF system into the overall policies design, and on another hand face sustainable urban development at a variety of spatial scales in order to meet the external requirements originating in the localization of environmental policies.

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Machline, Elise. "Les conséquences socio-économiques de l'Eco-construction : une analyse comparative entre la France et Israël." Thesis, Paris 1, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PA01H026.

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Cette thèse examine l'impact socioéconomique de l'écoconstruction en Israël et en France et vise à identifier si les aspects sociaux sont intégrés dans l'urbanisme durable dans les deux pays. Nous comparons les contextes politiques et les outils de l'écoconstruction et nous examinons si le logement social et la mixité sont présents dans les politiques et les pratiques de l'écoconstruction. Nous nous demandons également si les bâtiments écologiquement certifiés favorisent la gentrification, de façon involontaire ou intentionnelle. Comme nous pouvons l'observer dans d'autres pays, nous avons constaté qu'il existe une «prime verte» en Israël, où les appartements certifiés ont tendance à être systématiquement plus chers pour les acheteurs que ded appartements similaires non certifiés. La certification écologique augmente les prix de vente des appartements de 3% à 14%. En outre, la «prime verte» en termes de prix de vente d'un appartement dans un bâtiment certifié est nettement plus élevée que les surcoûts liés à l'écoconstruction. Nous démontrons grâce à trois exemples significatifs (à Tel Aviv, Yavneh et Dimona) que les bâtiments écologiquement certifiés sont utilisés comme un outil de gentrification pour attirer les classes moyennes dans des quartiers précédemment populaires. En France, comme en Israël, l'écoconstruction est principalement pratiquée dans les zones urbaines de classe moyenne et dans les quartiers à faible revenu des villes riches comme Paris, pour attirer les résidents de la classe moyenne. Comme en Israël, nous ne trouvons pas de quartiers "durables" dans les zones aisées des villes riches. Cependant, contrairement à Israël, nous trouvons des logements certifiés dans des localités pauvres (comme Reims). La politique française favorise la mixité sociale et la construction de logements sociaux certifiés dans les écoquartiers. Ainsi, il y a un effort apparent pour construire des logements à la fois écologiques et abordables. Cependant, dans les municipalités riches et à revenus moyens, la part des logements sociaux écologiques réellement disponibles pour les populations à faible revenu est minime puisque la plupart des logements sociaux sont finalement destinés aux classes moyennes
This thesis considers the socioeconomic impact of 'green' building in Israel and France and, examines whether socil aspect are integrated in approaches to sustainable urbanism in the two countries. We compare policy contexts and 'green' building instruments in France and Israel and, considered whether affordable housing and social diversity are part of green building policy and green building implementation. We also inquire whether green buildings foster gentrification–inadvertently or intentionally. As observed in other countries, we found that there is a 'green premium' in Israel, whereby certified apartments tend to be systematically more expensive for homebuyers than similar noncertified apartments. Green building certification was found to raise apartment sale prices by between 3% and 14%. Moreover, the typical 'green premium' – in terms of the sale price of an apartment in a certified building – is significantly higher than the additional construction costs required to build it. We show in three case studies (in Tel Aviv, Yavneh and Dimona), that 'green' building is being used as a gentrification tool, to attract middle class households to previously poor neighborhoods. In France, as in Israel, 'green' building is mainly practiced in middleclass urban areas – and in lowincome areas of wealthy cities like Paris, to attract middle class residents. Like in Israel, we do not find 'green' neighborhoods in rich areas of wealthy cities. However, in contrast to Israel, we find 'green' housing in poor French localities (like Reims). The French policy promotes social diversity and the construction of 'green' public social housing in the ecodistricts. Thus, there is an ostensibl effort to build housing that is both "green" and affordable. However, in affluent and average municipalities, the share of 'green' social public housing actually available to lowincome groups is minimal – since most public social housing is ultimately allocated to higherincome groups

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36

Crawford, Morgan H. "Feasibility and Emissions of Compression Ignition Engines Fueled with Waste Vegetable Oil." [Tampa, Fla.] : University of South Florida, 2003. http://purl.fcla.edu/fcla/etd/SFE0000193.

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Wight, Philip A. "From Citizens to Consumers: The Countercultural Roots of Green Consumerism." Ohio University / OhioLINK, 2013. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou1368030088.

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38

Great, Humphrey Edereka. "Small and Medium Enterprises' Profitability Elements in Green Energy Transactions." ScholarWorks, 2015. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/1781.

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As the primary drivers of Nigeria's economy, small and medium scale enterprise (SME) leaders rely on standby generators for sustainable business operation. Because of this reliance, over 56% of the SMEs operate far below capacity from the effects of power shortages. Guided by the strategic contingency theory, this study explored the profitability strategies of business leaders faced with electricity disruptions within Abuja Federal Capital Territory while adopting corporate social responsibility (CSR) and green practices. Data collection was through face-to-face semistructured interviews using open-ended questions. Participants consisted of 12 business leaders selected from 4 SME categories within Abuja that have imbibed CSR and green practices successfully or were in the process of doing so. The data analysis process involved labeling and coding all data that arose from participant interviews using the modified van Kaam method to identify dominant themes. Data coding and analysis led to the identification of 12 predominant meta-themes, including innovativeness for sustainable green business, strategy challenges and how they were addressed, and the power disruption impact on the effectiveness of CSR and organizational profitability. Findings from this study might contribute to new knowledge and success insights for SME business leaders faced with power shortages, CSR shortages, and losses in Abuja. Social change might result as SME business leaders embrace CSR practices with new environmentally friendly tenets, make sustainable profits, employ more people, and dedicate part of the profits to social services to benefit citizens of Abuja and Nigeria.

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39

Caro, Céline. "Le développement de la conscience environnementale et l’émergence de l’écologie politique dans l’espace public en France et en Allemagne, 1960-1990." Doctoral thesis, Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2011. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:14-qucosa-64392.

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Ecology is a critical current of thought towards industrialized societies, which spreads throughout the Western countries in the second half of the 20th century. As a social movement, Ecologists try to set the rules of a society more respectful of the environment and the living conditions ; as a political movement, they offer a new model for society. Between 1960 and 1990, France and Germany present similarities regarding a growing sensitivity towards the environmental issues in their populations and the progressive accession of ecology to the political stage. A more detailed analysis nevertheless reveals historical, economical, social, political and institutional as well as cultural and mental characteristics peculiar to each country underlining important differences in these fields and explaining the clichés about a romantic Germany concerned with the need to preserve the biosphere and a Cartesian France ignoring the environment
L’écologie est un courant de pensée critique à l’encontre des sociétés industrialisées qui se développe dans la seconde moitié du XXème siècle en Occident. En tant que mouvement social, les écologistes cherchent à définir les règles d’une société plus respectueuse de l’environnement et du cadre de vie ; en tant que courant politique, leurs réflexions ont pour but de proposer un autre modèle de société. Entre 1960 et 1990, la France et l’Allemagne présentent des similitudes en matière de prise de conscience environnementale au sein de la population et au niveau de l’arrivée de l’écologie sur la scène politique. Une analyse comparative plus précise dévoile toutefois des caractéristiques historiques, économiques, sociales, politiques et institutionnelles ainsi que culturelles et mentales propres à chaque pays qui permettent de souligner des divergences importantes dans ces domaines et d’expliquer les clichés se rapportant à une Allemagne romantique, sensible à la protection de la biosphère, et une France cartésienne, négligente sur le plan environnemental

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Lönegren, Lovisa. "The European Green Capital Award - Towards a sustainable Europe?" Thesis, Malmö högskola, Fakulteten för kultur och samhälle (KS), 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-23912.

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Today a grand majority (around 80%) of the European citizens live in cities or towns. Europe is more urbanised than ever. Contemporaneously, climate change and global warming is an increasing threat worldwide. In 2006, the European Commission of the European Union (EU) therefore launched the idea of implementing the yearly European Green Capital (EGC) award. The aim was (and still is) to create role models by promoting cities that constantly take strong actions for the environment and thereby inspire other cities to make green choices too. In February 2009 the first two EGC winners were announced: Stockholm (Sweden) 2010 and Hamburg (Germany) 2011. The question is whether an award of this kind is the right method for the EU to deal with environment issues. If not, the EU should invest its resources elsewhere. This thesis aims at evaluating the EGC by looking closer at Stockholm as the EGC winner of 2010 and by analysing the impacts the EGC title has on Sweden’s EU Presidency the second half of 2009. The ecological modernisation theory reconciles economic growth and environmental protection, and provides several relevant features and aspects to this thesis regarding sustainable development, voluntary approaches and environmental policy-making. By applying the theory on the EGC many things such as the underlying visions and methods of the award can be explained and analysed. The conclusion of the thesis is that the EGC in some respects is leading to a greener and more sustainable Europe or at least has the potential to do so.

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Norton, Paul C. R., and n/a. "Accord, Discord, Discourse and Dialogue in the Search for Sustainable Development: Labour-Environmentalist Cooperation and Conflict in Australian Debates on Ecologically Sustainable Development and Economic Restructuring in the Period of the Federal Labor Government, 1983-96." Griffith University. Australian School of Environmental Studies, 2004. http://www4.gu.edu.au:8080/adt-root/public/adt-QGU20040924.093047.

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The thesis seeks to provide a deeper understanding of the dynamics of interaction between the environmental and labour movements, and the conditions under which they can cooperate and form alliances in pursuit of a sustainable development agenda which simultaneously promotes ecological and social justice goals. After developing an explanatory model of the labour-environmentalist relationship (LER) on the basis of a survey of theoretical and case-study literature, the thesis applies this model to three significant cases of labour-environmental interaction in Australia, each representing a different point on the spectrum from LER conflict to LER cooperation, during the period from 1983 to 1996. Commonly held views that there are inevitable tendencies to LER conflict, whether due to an irreconcilable "jobs versus environment" contradiction or due to the different class bases of the respective movements, are analysed and rejected. A model of the LER implicit in Siegmann (1985) is interrogated against more recent LER studies from six countries, and reworked into a new model (the Siegmann-Norton model) which explains tendencies to conflict and cooperation in the LER in terms of the respective ideologies of labour and environmentalism, their organisational forms and cultures, the national political-institutional framework and the respective places of labour and environmentalism therein, the political economy of specific sectors and regions in which LER interaction occurs, and sui generis sociological and demographic characteristics of labour and environmental actors. The thesis then discusses the major changes in the ideologies, organisational forms and political-institutional roles of the Australian labour movement which occurred during the period of the study, and their likely influence on the LER. The two processes of most importance in driving such changes were the corporatist Accord relationship between the trade union movement and Labor Party government from 1983 to 1996, and the strategic reorganisation of the trade union movement between 1988 and 1996 in response to challenges and opportunities in the wider political-economic environment. The research hypothesis is that the net effect of these changes would have been to foster tendencies towards LER conflict. The hypothesis is tested in three significant case studies, namely: (a) the interaction, often conflictual, between the Australian Council of Trade Unions (ACTU) and the environmental movement in debates around macroeconomic policy, economic restructuring and sustainable development from the mid-1980s onwards; (b) the complex interaction, involving elements of cooperation, disagreement and dialogue, between the environmental movement and the unions representing coal mining and energy workers in the formulation of Australia's climate change policies; and (c) the environmental policy and campaign initiatives of the Australian Manufacturing Workers Union to improve workplace environmental performance and promote worker environmental education. The case studies confirmed the research hypothesis in the sense that, whilst the LER tended overall towards greater cooperation in the period of the study, the Accord relationship and union restructuring process worked to slow the growth of cooperative tendencies and sustain conflict over particular issues beyond what might otherwise have been the case. The Accord relationship served to maintain conflict tendencies due to the dominance of productivist ideologies within the ACTU, and the union movement's perseverance with this relationship after the vitiation of its progressive potential by neo-liberal trends in public policy. The tripartite Accord processes institutionalised a "growth coalition" of labour, business and the state in opposition to excluded constituencies such as the environmental movement. This was partially overcome during the period of the Ecologically Sustainable Development (ESD) process, which temporarily included the environmental movement as an insider in the political-institutional framework. The long-run effects of union reorganisation on the LER are difficult to determine as the new organisational forms of unions were not in place until almost the end of the period of the study. However, in the short term the disruptive effects of the amalgamations process restricted unions' capacity to engage with environmental issues. Pro-environment initiatives by the AMWU, and cooperative aspects of the coal industry unions' relationship with environmentalists, reflected the social unionist ideology and internal democratic practices of those unions, and the influence of the ESD Working Group process, whilst LER conflict over greenhouse reflected the adverse political economy of the coal industry, but also the relevant unions' less developed capacity for independent research and membership education compared to the AMWU. The LER in all three cases can be satisfactorily explained, and important insights derived, through application of the Siegmann-Norton model. Conclusions drawn include suggestions for further research and proposals for steps to be taken by labour and environmental actors to improve cooperation.

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Brunt, Matthew. "Analysis of Mammoth Cave Pre-Park Communities." TopSCHOLAR®, 2009. http://digitalcommons.wku.edu/theses/132.

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Before the creation of Mammoth Cave National Park, this area was home to numerous communities, each with a sense of identity. To prepare for the creation of the National Park, all residents living within these communities were relocated, and many of these communities were lost to the passage of time. Today, public memory of these lost communities is being fostered by the descendents of the pre-park area. Through the use of a Historical Geographic Information System, 1920 Edmonson County manuscript census data, and statistical analysis, the demographic composition of these lost communities was explored. This project not only brought to light a past that is not well known, but also built interest in sustaining public memory of the Mammoth Cave pre-park area through the use of historical GIS and public participation.

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Caro, Céline. "Le développement de la conscience environnementale et l'émergence de l'écologie politique dans l'espace public en France et en Allemagne, 1960-1990." Thesis, Paris 3, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA030154.

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L’écologie est un courant de pensée critique à l’encontre des sociétés industrialisées qui se développe dans la seconde moitié du XXème siècle en Occident. En tant que mouvement social, les écologistes cherchent à définir les règles d’une société plus respectueuse de l’environnement et du cadre de vie ; en tant que courant politique, leurs réflexions ont pour but de proposer un autre modèle de société. Entre 1960 et 1990, la France et l’Allemagne présentent des similitudes en matière de prise de conscience environnementale au sein de la population et au niveau de l’arrivée de l’écologie sur la scène politique. Une analyse comparative plus précise dévoile toutefois des caractéristiques historiques, économiques, sociales, politiques et institutionnelles ainsi que culturelles et mentales propres à chaque pays qui permettent de souligner des divergences importantes dans ces domaines et d’expliquer les clichés se rapportant à une Allemagne romantique, sensible à la protection de la biosphère, et une France cartésienne, négligente sur le plan environnemental
Ecology is a critical current of thought towards industrialized societies, which spreads throughout the Western countries in the second half of the 20th century. As a social movement, Ecologists try to set the rules of a society more respectful of the environment and the living conditions ; as a political movement, they offer a new model for society. Between 1960 and 1990, France and Germany present similarities regarding a growing sensitivity towards the environemental issues in their populations and the progressive accession of ecology to the political stage. A more detailed analysis nevertheless reveals historical, economical, social, political and institutional as well as cultural and mental characteristics peculiar to each country underlining important differences in these fields and explaining the clichés about a romantic Germany concerned with the need to preserve the biosphere and a Cartesian France ignoring the environment

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Canard, Mathilde. "Appropriation et mise en oeuvre de la Trame verte et bleue aux échelles infrarégionales en Région Midi-Pyrénées (Sud-Ouest de la France)." Thesis, Toulouse 2, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016TOU20119/document.

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La politique Trame verte et bleue [TVB], instituée en 2007 en France à la suite du Grenelle de l’Environnement, a pour objectif de contribuer à la préservation de la biodiversité par le maintien et/ou la restauration des continuités écologiques, et ce au-delà des zones protégées, dans les espaces de biodiversité « ordinaire » : espaces ruraux, périurbains et urbains notamment. Ce travail questionne l’appropriation de la TVB par les acteurs locaux, et les implications de sa mise en œuvre sur les pratiques de construction des territoires par leurs acteurs. Notre démarche repose sur un travail d’enquêtes qualitatives menées auprès de structures territoriales, d’élus locaux, d’agriculteurs et de particuliers, sur trois territoires situés au sud de la Région Midi-Pyrénées. Il a été démontré que le dispositif TVB, porté par un discours homogène et très institutionnalisé aux niveaux national et régional, se décline en situations adaptatives sur les territoires. D’un autre côté, le processus de construction de la TVB sur les territoires reste cantonné aux sphères politiques et techniques de l’Etat et des collectivités territoriales : les acteurs locaux, élus mais surtout acteurs privés (agriculteurs et particuliers) y sont peu associés. Néanmoins, ces acteurs se montrent intéressés par la question de la biodiversité, moins par le biais des discours politiques ou scientifiques que par celui des rapports à la biodiversité qu’ils construisent et nourrissent au quotidien. Par ailleurs, la convergence d’objectifs paysagers, socio-économiques et écologiques autour de la TVB peut favoriser son application locale, car pour des motivations différentes, les divers acteurs partagent des volontés d’action communes. Finalement, l’étude montre l’intérêt de connaître et de prendre en considération, dans les projets de mise en œuvre de la politique TVB, les motivations, les freins et les contraintes des acteurs locaux pour l’ancrer et la pérenniser sur les territoires
The purpose of the Green and Blue Corridor (so called TVB) public policy, laid down in France at the “Grenelle de l’Environment” and established in 2007, is to contribute to the preservation of biodiversity by enhancing and/or restoring ecological continuity beyond the protected areas, in spaces of common biodiversity including rural, suburban and urban areas. This work questions the appropriation of TVB by local stakeholders and the consequences of its implementation in structuring territories. Our approach is based on qualitative surveys conducted together with territorial authorities, local elected officials, farmers and private individuals, in three zones of the southern Midi-Pyrénées Region. It has been shown that national TVB scheme, supported by an homogeneous and very institutionalized frame at national and regional levels comes in a range of adaptive situations in the territories. Moreover the construction process of TVB at the local scales remains confined to political and technical spheres of State and local authorities: local stakeholders, elected but mostly individuals (farmers and private people) are not very involved. Nevertheless these stakeholders are interested by the biodiversity matter, less through political or scientific discourses than in links with their own experience of biodiversity. Furthermore convergent aims (landscape, socio-economy and ecology) around TVB can facilitate its local setting up, because from spite of their diversity stakeholders share common action concerns, even if it is for different reasons. Finally, the study highlights the interest of knowing and considering motivations and constraints of local stakeholders in the TVB implementation plans, in order to root and perpetuate the TVB at the local level of the territories

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Ninela, Phillip Gcinumthetho. "Towards a greener economy: a critical review of South Africa's policy and legislative responses to transport greening." Thesis, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/26857.

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As a sub-component of “green economy”, “the green transport” phrase is used interchangeably with eco-mobility, sustainable transport and clean transport. It has gained momentum as a way of addressing several socio-economic and environmental challenges associated with the conventional fossil-based transportation systems. Governments across the world have since developed policies and financial support mechanisms to pursue a greener transportation path. As a player in the global system, South Africa is expected to play a particular role. While research has been conducted in South Africa on various themes of transport greening, there seemed to be a lack of academic, integrated and comprehensive analyses of policy responses to these themes. This research thus sought to investigate and provide insight on the government’s responses to the transport greening revolution. It sought to benchmark this country against leading global players, making recommendations on policy directions for five transport greening themes: fuel quality, fuel economy, fuel switch, technology switch and non-motorised transportation. The aim was to contribute to the green economy body of knowledge, while assisting in guiding policy direction to enhance the country’s response system to the transport greening transition. Primary data were collected from interviews largely with representatives of key government departments at national and provincial levels as well as from attendance at various government and industry fora. Secondary data were obtained from policy, legislative and regulatory documents as well as official reports. Both primary and secondary data were analysed qualitatively using content analysis and presented using graphic, tabular and verbatim techniques. Using ideas borrowed from interventionist, systems, sustainability and globalisation conceptual frameworks, this research describes how South Africa is lagging behind the rest of the world in terms of transport greening policies and related financial and non-financial support mechanisms. Examples of good practice are nonetheless evident within the governance system. These include the adoption of globally accepted emissions and fuel economy standards, inclusion of transport greening agenda in various domestic legislative and policy frameworks, through to the exemption of certain transport greening products from import and local taxes. Many gaps still exist such as lack of incentives actively stimulating the demand and supply of green transport goods and services. This research therefore calls for more state intervention to address these gaps and strengthen existing policy and legislative frameworks. Due to the small sample of data sources used, the results are not generalisable, but nonetheless provide insight on green transportation and what South African policy makers should consider to improve the status quo.
Environmental Sciences
Ph. D. (Environmental Management)

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Carr, Anna. "Grass-roots and green-tape : community-based environmental management in Australia." Phd thesis, 1994. http://hdl.handle.net/1885/114568.

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This thesis examines the role of community groups in environmental management. It is recognised that governments have a responsibility to intervene at the local scale to ensure sustainable management of the environment. Increasingly, there are also community groups wishing to manage local environments. This study argues that neither approach — top-down or bottom-up — is sufficient, but that they must combine to create middle-ground approaches which encourage a plurality of stakeholders to take environmental responsibility. In Australia there is widespread agreement on the serious nature of environmental degradation. Rural Australia now comprehends the damage done to the land by erosion, vegetation decline, salinity and invasion by exotic species. Now that the effects of these problems on biophysical and socioeconomic systems are at least partially understood, people want action. This call for action has led to the formation of local community organisations to act on water quality, weed control, vertebrate pest management, dryland salinity, heritage conservation, forest protection and many other environmental issues. Proponents of community-based environmental management believe that bottom-up approaches will change the face of Australian environments through participatory processes and bioregional principles. On the other hand, critics of this approach believe that community-based environmental management is a naive tool of the state. This study concludes that community-based environmental management can occur along any point of the community-government continuum and is presented as an heuristic model. While the extremes are useful, there is an emerging consensus that middle-ground approaches require cooperative environmental management. Substantive findings of this research support both ends and the middle of the continuum. Principles underlying government involvement in community-based environmental management include a range of policy options, such as providing seeding finance or in kind resources; providing opportunities for group facilitation or human resources; establishing the basis for local consultation and participation; furnishing advice and information; and establishing the political, regulatory and institutional arrangements within which local group action can flourish. Principles behind community-based environmental management include a strong sense of community; an attachment to place; extensive local knowledge; empowerment through building relationships within the locality; and the strengthening of extracommunity relations with government agencies and resource management institutions. This study uses a case-study approach to investigate three rural community groups — Water Watchers in Western Australia, the Downside Landcare Group in New South Wales and the Mitchell River Watershed Management Working Group in Queensland. The research is exploratory, collaborative, reflective, experiential and pragmatic. It borrows methodological procedures from a variety of research paradigms in order to establish the profile of community-based environmental management, the process by which it works and the principles underlying both group and government approaches to local environmental management. The three case studies reflect the diversity of community groups, but were not chosen using statistical sampling techniques. Rather, the research design was replicated in three case studies to make the findings generated more robust. The study uses grounded theory to explore the principles of community-based environmental management and links these with a range of disciplinary perspectives to generalise these findings in the literature, not to other populations of community groups. Although the research is interdisciplinary, it is largely based in the social sciences and explores theory from community psychology, human ecology, rural sociology, adult education, cultural geography and environmental policy. It does not examine economic theory, but investigates emerging themes in the literature such as public participation, cooperative management and environmental stewardship. Communitybased environmental management is complex, uncertain and turbulent — requiring an approach to the research which borrows from post-modernist thinking in recognising diversity and celebrating individual difference.

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Kaufman, Noah. "Essays on the optimal policy response to climate change." Thesis, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/2152/ETD-UT-2011-05-2903.

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Unchecked anthropogenic climate change has the potential to destroy human lives and wealth on an unprecedented scale. This dissertation analyzes from an economic perspective various public policy options to correct the market failures caused by climate change. The widespread adoption of environmentally friendly consumer products can reduce the impacts of climate change. The first chapter analyzes various methods of encouraging the market performance of these products. I build a model of observational learning in which a "green" consumer good enters a market to challenge an established "dirty" product. Among other results, I provide conditions for when financial incentives or informational campaigns should be more effective at encouraging the market performance of green products. I also provide a discussion and an empirical analysis of the performance of compact fluorescent light bulbs in the U.S. residential market, and compare the findings to the predictions of the theoretical model. The second chapter provides a critic of the macroeconomic models economists have used to determine optimal climate change abatement policies. I build a model that can incorporate more realistic ranges of uncertainty for both the occurrence of catastrophic events and societal risk aversion than economists have used in the past. Numerical simulations are then used to calculate a range of risk premiums, the magnitude of which display that previous calculations of optimal carbon dioxide taxes are too imprecise to support any particular policy recommendation. Government-backed energy-efficiency programs have become popular as components of local and national strategies to combat climate change. The effectiveness of such policies hinges on whether they provide the appropriate incentives to both energy consumers and program implementers. The third chapter analyzes evaluations of California's energy-efficiency programs to assess their effectiveness at improving our understanding of the programs' performance and providing a check on utility incentives to overstate energy savings. We find, among other results, that evaluations are useful tools to achieve both of these goals because the programs largely did not meet their energy-savings projections, and the utility savings estimates are systematically higher than the third-party savings estimates of the evaluations.
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Albert, Karin H. "Federal choice of policy instruments in the Canada green plan." Thesis, 1992. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/1620.

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The Green Plan, Canada's six year environmental agenda, has now guided Canadian environmental policy for over a year and a half. In that time span, a large number of environmental initiatives have been announced under the Green Plan, and an even larger number are still promised. However, not every initiative contributes equally to preventing or abating pollution. The extent to which an initiative contributes directly to an improvement in environmental quality depends on the level of coercion of the policy instrument it employs. Initiatives which involve relatively coercive policy instruments, in particular regulatory action, are more likely to achieve their goal in the immediate future than initiatives which rely largely on persuasion such as guidelines and public education. The classification of the policy instruments in the Green Plan reveals a strong preference on the part of the federal government for non-coercive over coercive instruments. Only 13 per cent of the Green Plan initiatives involve regulatory action. The majority involve increasing capacity which means that the initiatives centre around research, studies, monitoring and plan development. The Fraser River Action Plan, a Green Plan initiative announced in June 1991, reflects the same federal preference for capacity increasing instruments as the larger Green Plan. Several variables help to explain this preference: constitutional constraints, pressure from other levels of government, opposition from industry, and environmental interest group pressure. Both the events leading up to the Green Plan and the implementation of the Fraser River Action Plan, suggest that the strongest motivating factor for the choice of policy instruments is the concern to avoid blame from the interests affected by a particular initiative. In practice, this means that the federal government is reluctant to make use of its regulatory authority to impose clean-up costs on the polluting industry. It also avoids to interfere with provincial jurisdiction over natural resources. In order to avoid blame from environmental groups and the public, who demand tighter pollution controls, the government relies on symbolic actions. Symbolic actions enable the government to show its concern but postpone pollution abatement to a later date. Federal reluctance to make use of its full constitutional authority in the area of environmental policy making combined with the large budget cuts the Green Plan has seen during its relatively short period of existence, belies the federal commitment to protecting the environment.

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Kemppi, Thomas Allan. "Christianity, environmental planning, and Canada’s green plan." Thesis, 1992. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/2980.

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This thesis argues that Christian doctrine does not condone environmental destruction (as many believe); rather, Christian doctrine promotes care for the Earth and supports a number of norms which are consistent with the requirements of sustainable development and useful for planning for sustainable development. Discussion begins with an explanation of the importance of norms and beliefs in planning, and proceeds to outline common criticisms of Christian norms and beliefs respecting the environment. These criticisms are considered valid to the extent that blame is placed on destructive practices which often characterize ill-formed social expressions of Christian norms and beliefs; however, these criticisms may be groundless in terms of a good understanding of Christian doctrine. This point provides a basis for examining Christian doctrine more closely, to see whether or not it condones destruction of the ecosphere. Christian doctrine, logical argument, and a review of relevant literature are used to respond to the above mentioned criticisms. Analysis shows that Christian doctrine provides a basis for caring for the Earth and that one should not dismiss Christianity because of misguided attitudes and actions of professed Christians. Nine ecological norms are derived from Christian doctrine. These norms are shown to be consistent with the requirements of sustainable development, and the findings of non-Christian scholars. Usefulness of these norms is demonstrated through a case-study evaluation of the ecological sustainability of Canada's Green Plan (GP). Applying Christian norms to the GP shows that the GP endorses some important environmental initiatives but is rooted in norms and beliefs which contradict each other and are inconsistent with the requirements of sustainable development. Christian norms therefore prove to be helpful in pointing out weaknesses in the GP. Coupled with the facts that Christian theology does not promote environmental destruction, and that Christian norms enjoy the support of non-Christian scholars, the conclusion is that Christianity has been overly criticized respecting the environment and that Christian norms can and should be used to plan for sustainable development.

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Avila, Randolph Bienvenido A. "Transformative contest : the state, civil society and the environment." Phd thesis, 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/1885/144338.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Environmental policy – Greece'

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