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1
Qu, Chang Sheng, Bing Li, Shui Wang, Wen Bo Wan, An Juan Cai, and Kai Ming Hu. "Substance Flow Analysis of Lead for Sustainable Resource Management and Pollution Control." Advanced Materials Research 878 (January 2014): 30–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.878.30.
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As the biggest producer and the second largest consumer of lead in the world, China is facing serious conflict between rapid economic development and environmental deterioration caused by lead pollution. Our analysis results show that lead poisoning accidents increased sharply since 2005, and there is growing concern that children remain at risk from lead exposure. Accordingly, sustainable resource management and pollution control of lead is of great significance. As the first step, substance flow analysis (abbreviated as SFA) models of lead flows in both economic subsystem and environmental subsystem are established by using top-down approach in this study. Then the situation of production, consumption and emission of lead resources can be revealed. This study provides the most detailed depiction of lead flows within a regional level, and it is essentially important for the future analysis and management of lead resource. Furthermore, environmental simulation models, risk assessment models, Crystalball software and GIS tool are proposed to be integrated on the same platform to recognize the pollution situation, corresponding population risk and major exposure pathways in the study region. This new perspective extends the traditional method of substance flow analysis of lead, not only important for the improvement of lead resource efficiency, but also supporting the pollution prevention policy making.
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Le Goffe, P., and C. Donnars. "Economic and regulatory instruments to control nitrogen pressure." Advances in Animal Biosciences 5, s1 (September 25, 2014): 55–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s2040470014000296.
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This article examines how the concerns of economic efficiency and of redistribution can be integrated into the design of the policies that aim to control the nitrogen flows. Generally speaking, the economists recommend to determine the degree of pollution and to arbitrate between the gains and the transaction costs associated to the implementation of the policy. Regarding instruments, the reduction of the diffuse nitrogen pollution needs a quantitative or economic instrument owing to the difficulty of valuing the environmental efforts of the producers on markets. Unlike for pesticides, the quota is here preferred to the tax, in particular in the case of fertilisers. The polluter-payer principle should be applied to the risks of accidental pollution on livestock farms. Results of a long process under the European Commission pressure, the policies of EU members in Northern Europe are more in line with the economic prescriptions than those of France. Recent evolutions go nevertheless forward, even if penalties for enforcing the practices standards are always missing.
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Holmes, P. R. "Policies and Principles in Hong Kong's Water Pollution Control Legislation." Water Science and Technology 26, no. 7-8 (October 1, 1992): 1905–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1992.0635.
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Hong Kong's water quality management policy aims to control direct environmental discharges and to limit the toxicity of sewer discharges so that ultimate effluents are not harmful. It bases pollution control standards on water quality objectives that will protect conservation goals. The main control mechanism is a licensing system. This allows the authority wide scope to specify treatment technology, but in practice the authority only sets pollution load limits, in line with the government's non-interventionist stance. Published standards for a wide range of receiving waters and effluent flow rates do not refer to the industrial or treatment processes from which the effluents arise. The standards aim to maximize the use of the foul sewerage system, to require pretreatment for toxins, and to allow economically efficient centralized treatment where appropriate. The law is effective to meet the policy goals, but a very slow pace of implementation has limited its practical value.
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Soceanu, Alina, Simona Dobrinas, Corina Ionela Dumitrescu, Natalia Manea, Anca Sirbu, Viorica Popescu, and Georgiana Vizitiu. "Physico-Chemical Parameters and Health Risk Analysis of Groundwater Quality." Applied Sciences 11, no. 11 (May 23, 2021): 4775. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11114775.
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Groundwater pollution is a very common problem worldwide, as it poses a serious threat to both the environment and the economic and social development and consequently generates several types of costs. The analysis of pollution control involves a permanent comparison between pollution costs and the costs associated with various methods of pollution reduction. An environmental policy based on economic instruments is more effective than an environmental policy focused on command and control tools. In this respect, the present paper provides a case study showing how anthropogenic factors such as wastewater, industrial, agricultural, and natural factors are able to change the physical and chemical parameters of groundwater in the study area, thus endangering their quality. In order to monitor the groundwater quality in the region of Dobrudja, an analysis of physico-chemical parameters was performed. The content of heavy metals was analyzed and the health risk index was taken into account and analyzed, in order to set a better correctness of the metal content from the underground waters. Studies on groundwater quality control have shown that, in many parts of the world, water has different degrees of quality depending on the natural and anthropogenic factors acting on the pertaining environment. This is why more attention should be paid to the prevention of groundwater pollution and the immediate remediation of accidents.
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Surya, Batara, Haeruddin Saleh, Seri Suriani, Harry Hardian Sakti, Hadijah Hadijah, and Muhammad Idris. "Environmental Pollution Control and Sustainability Management of Slum Settlements in Makassar City, South Sulawesi, Indonesia." Land 9, no. 9 (August 19, 2020): 279. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/land9090279.
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The complexity of spatial use has an impact on poverty and the development of slum settlements towards a decrease in environmental quality. In this study, we aim to analyze (1) urbanization and spatial expansion as determinants of spatial dynamics in suburban areas, (2) the effect of spatial expansion, land use change, population increase, and spatial activity patterns on the development of slum settlements, and (3) the relationship between control of spatial planning, handling land reclamation, and improving the quality of infrastructure with improving the quality of the environment and the sustainability of handling slum settlements in the suburbs. We use a sequential explanatory design, which is a combination of quantitative and qualitative research, and data are obtained through observation, in-depth interviews, surveys, and documentation. The results showed that slum settlements in watersheds and coastal areas as well as inadequate support for infrastructure services resulted in excessive groundwater use, soil pollution, and surface water quality pollution resulting in less smooth river flow regulation, lowering of water levels, urban flooding, and disease transmission. Weak control over spatial use, utilization of water catchment areas, and the inadequate fulfillment of slum settlement infrastructure services cause a decrease in environmental quality. These results indicate that it is very important to deal with slum settlements in a sustainable manner, including spatial use and environmental, economic, and social aspects. This study recommends that the handling of slum settlements requires policy support from the government in an effort, to meet the city target without slums by 2030 in Makassar City, Indonesia.
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Grubisic, Neven, Tomislav Krljan, Livia Maglić, and Siniša Vilke. "The Microsimulation Model for Assessing the Impact of Inbound Traffic Flows for Container Terminals Located near City Centers." Sustainability 12, no. 22 (November 14, 2020): 9478. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12229478.
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The growth of container transport places increasing demand on traffic, especially in situations where container terminals are located near the city centers. The main problem is traffic congestion on networks caused by the integration of Heavy-Duty Vehicles and urban traffic flows. The main objective is to identify the critical traffic parameters which cause negative organizational and environmental impacts on the existing and future traffic demand. A micro-level traffic simulation model was implemented for the testing of the proposed framework-based supply, demand, and control layers. The model was generated and calibrated based on the example of a mid-size Container Terminal “Brajdica” and the City of Rijeka, Croatia. The results indicate that the critical parameters are Queue Length on the approach road to the Container Terminal and the Stop Delay on the main city corridor. High values of these parameters cause negative effects on the environment because of increased fuel consumption and the generation of extra pollution. Due to this problem, a sensitivity analysis of the traffic system performance has been conducted, with a decrement of Terminal Gate Time distribution by 10%. After re-running simulations, the results indicate the impact of subsequent variation in Terminal Gate Time on the decrease of critical parameters, fuel consumption, and vehicle pollution.
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Urbanc-Bercic, Olga, and Tjaša Bulc. "Integrated constructed wetland for small communities." Water Science and Technology 32, no. 3 (August 1, 1995): 41–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1995.0124.
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Constructed wetlands proved to be an effective and low-cost technology to control environmental pollution. The introduction of such low-tech systems is supported by the Slovenian Government. The aim of our research project was to intensify the reduction of nutrients (nitrogen compounds mainly) prior to discharging the effluents into the rivers, a contribution to the common target of the global environmental policy. The construction of the integrated system was completed in Autumn 1993 to treat domestic sewage for 10 PE. The system consists of three interconnected beds with vertical and horizontal flows. The vertical flow at the first stage is intermittent, while the horizontal one is continuous. The system is flexible due to mode of operation and the quality of the influent. Ten analyses were made during the initial months of operation. In bed B nitrification was taking place and the reduction of all other parameters but NO3-N was documented. In bed A denitrification was on in spite of intermittent vertical flow. Since the reed stand was scarce, recultivation was needed. The system showed its characteristics more clearly when more concentrated domestic wastewater was led in. Further investigation should reveal further details on proper media, surface area, and flow sequence selection. Reduction of some parameters was as follows: NH3-N 97.5%, NO3-N 74.5%, org-N 84.8%, P-tot 97.1% and COD 94.4%.
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Munir, Kashif, and Ayesha Ameer. "Nonlinear effect of FDI, economic growth, and industrialization on environmental quality." Management of Environmental Quality: An International Journal 31, no. 1 (January 13, 2020): 223–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/meq-10-2018-0186.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to analyze the long-run as well as short-run nonlinear effect of foreign direct investment (FDI), economic growth (EG) and industrialization on environmental degradation (carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions) in Pakistan. Design/methodology/approach The study applies a nonlinear autoregressive distributive lag methodology to examine the long-run and short-run relationship among the variables. FDI, EG and industrialization are decomposed into positive and negative variations to examine the nonlinear relationship with CO2 emissions. Granger causality test is used to examine the direction of causality among the variables. The study uses annual time-series data of Pakistan from 1975 to 2016. Findings An increase in FDI has a positive and significant effect on CO2 emissions in the long run, while a decrease in FDI has a negative and insignificant effect on CO2 emissions. An increase in EG has a positive and significant effect, while a decrease in EG has a negative and insignificant effect on CO2 emissions in the long run. An increase in industrialization has a positive and significant effect on CO2 emissions, while a decrease in industrialization has a negative and insignificant effect on CO2 emissions. Unidirectional causality flows from CO2 emissions to a positive partial sum of FDI, EG, industrialization and a negative partial sum of EG in the short run. Practical implications The government has to establish the environmental regulation for industrial sectors. Research and development centers are required at government and private levels to control pollution through new technologies. Regulations and restrictions are required on the foreign investor to adopt friendly environmental policies. Originality/value This study contributes to the existing literature by analyzing the nonlinear effects of FDI, industrialization and EG on environmental pollution in Pakistan. The main significance of this investigation is to provide the essential evidence, information and better understanding to key stakeholders of the environment.
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Xing, Yi-Jia, Tse-Lun Chen, Meng-Yao Gao, Si-Lu Pei, Wei-Bin Pan, and Pen-Chi Chiang. "Comprehensive Performance Evaluation of Green Infrastructure Practices for Urban Watersheds Using an Engineering–Environmental–Economic (3E) Model." Sustainability 13, no. 9 (April 22, 2021): 4678. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13094678.
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Green infrastructure practices could provide innovative solutions for on-site stormwater management and runoff pollution control, which could relieve the stress of nonpoint pollution resulting from heavy rainfall events. In this study, the performance and cost-effectiveness of six green infrastructure practices, namely, green roofs, rain gardens, pervious surfaces, swales, detention basins, and constructed wetlands, were investigated. The comprehensive performance evaluation in terms of the engineering performance, environmental impact, and economic cost was determined in the proposed engineering–environmental–economic (3E) triangle model. The results revealed that these green infrastructure practices were effective for stormwater management in terms of runoff attenuation, peak flow reduction and delay, and pollutant attenuation. It was suggested that for pollution control, detention basins can efficiently reduce the total suspended solids, total nitrogen, total phosphorus, and lead. The implementation of detention basins is highly recommended due to their higher engineering performance and lower environmental impact and economic cost. A case study of a preliminary cost–benefit analysis of green infrastructure practice exemplified by the Pearl River Delta in China was addressed. It suggested that green infrastructure was cost-effective in stormwater management in this area, which would be helpful for sustaining healthy urban watersheds.
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Yang, Wei, and Junnian Song. "Depicting Flows of Embodied Water Pollutant Discharge within Production System: Case of an Undeveloped Region." Sustainability 11, no. 14 (July 10, 2019): 3774. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11143774.
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Water pollution is still an obstacle on the way towards sustainable development, especially for some undeveloped regions in China. To formulate policies for water pollution control from multiple perspectives, it is significant to holistically investigate how final demand purchases trigger water pollutant discharge in the production process. With Jilin Province as an empirical study area, the final production and consumption attributions of chemical oxygen demand (COD) discharge within the input–output framework are measured. By employing structural pass analysis and mapping approaches, the supply chain linkages between the two attributions of COD discharge are illustrated. The embodied flows of COD discharge across sectors through the supply chains are exhaustively revealed. The results show that the exports drive 70.23% of the total COD discharge. Animal production (S2) is the dominant contributor to COD discharge from both production and consumption perspectives. Final demand on the products of Foods & tobacco products (S8), Sawmills & furniture, and Construction largely induces COD discharge at higher production layers. In contrast, final demand on S2’s products mainly drives direct COD discharge (96.04%). S2 and S8 are the two key sectors in the supply chains, which provide other sectors with pollution-intensive products as intermediate inputs. The findings indicate that the export of S2’s products should be largely cut down, along with adjustment of the export structure. Innovations of production technologies and improvement of end-of-pipe abatement abilities for S2 and S8 should be facilitated. Besides, cutting capacity or reducing investment on these two sectors should be propelled.
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Johnston Edwards, Stuart, and Tony R. Walker. "An overview of Canada’s National Pollutant Release Inventory program as a pollution control policy tool." Journal of Environmental Planning and Management 63, no. 6 (July 29, 2019): 1097–113. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09640568.2019.1634525.
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Zhang, Yuan, Guo Fu, Tao Yu, Manhong Shen, Wei Meng, and Edwin D. Ongley. "Trans-jurisdictional pollution control options within an integrated water resources management framework in water-scarce north-eastern China." Water Policy 13, no. 5 (April 26, 2011): 624–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wp.2011.009.
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The extent and severity of water pollution in China is well known, as is the fact that until the 11th Five Year Plan (FYP) in 2006, much greater importance was placed on economic growth than environmental protection. There were few incentives to reduce pollution owing to an inadequate legal framework, the absence of economic measures for pollution control in favour of a command-and-control approach, and weak enforcement. Passing through four provinces and Tianjin Municipality, Zhangweinan River (Canal) Basin, part of the water-scarce Haihe River system in north-eastern China, provides an example of the types of trans-jurisdictional water pollution disputes that are common throughout China owing to inadequate application of integrated water resources management (IWRM) principles. The Zhangweinan River has a decreasing flow downstream and virtually zero assimilation capacity owing to waste loads that are vastly larger than the assimilation capacity of the river system. The fact that these trans-jurisdictional issues keep arising and, for the most part, are never resolved, reflects the failure of IWRM governance in this basin. We explore legal, institutional, planning, technical and market measures that would greatly reduce trans-jurisdictional disputes and contribute to successful IWRM in China.
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Hu, Kaiming, Yunyan Wang, Bin Feng, Dan Wu, Yifan Tong, and Xiaoqiang Zhang. "Calculation of water environmental capacity of large shallow lakes – a case study of Taihu Lake." Water Policy 22, no. 2 (April 1, 2020): 223–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wp.2020.076.
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Abstract Lake currents have an important impact on distribution of pollutant concentrations in large shallow lakes. Taking Taihu Lake as an example, in view of the characteristics of wind-driven water flow in the lake, this paper puts forward a water environmental capacity calculation method that uses wind direction and wind speed combined frequency to provide joint correction and pollution zone control for the designed hydrological conditions. In the study, the total length of the pollution belt was controlled to be 10% of the length of the study area, and a mathematical model of two-dimensional unsteady water quantity and quality in Taihu Lake was established. By analyzing the hydrological water quality characteristics and measured data of Taihu Lake in recent years, the flow field and concentration field were simulated and verified, the mathematical model and the plausibility of the parameters were calibrated. The water environmental capacity of Taihu Lake basin was calculated by this method. The calculated results showed that the water environmental capacity of chemical oxygen demand (COD), total phosphorus (TP), and total nitrogen (TN) in Taihu Lake were 113,331 t·a−1, 479 t·a−1 and 6,521 t·a−1. By providing a technical basis for total pollutant control and management in Taihu Lake basin, this study is conducive to the planning and management of water environment.
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Chowdhury, Nasima Tanveer. "Water management in Bangladesh: an analytical review." Water Policy 12, no. 1 (November 1, 2009): 32–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wp.2009.112.
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Water management in Bangladesh is a critical issue owing to growing demand and increasing conflict between alternative uses. Demand for water is growing rapidly in agriculture mainly from irrigation for cereal production, the urban and industrial sector, fishery, inland navigation and salinity control. The supply of clean and uncontaminated water has fallen far short of demand owing to inadequate flows in the Ganges, pollution caused by the disposal of effluents and chemicals, salinity intrusion in the coastal area and arsenic contamination. Further, the availability of freshwater is highly seasonal depending on the presence and duration of the monsoon. The incidence of both flood and drought in a yearly cycle profoundly affects river morphology. This paper identifies various geographic, socioeconomic and environmental factors that shape the water management issues of Bangladesh. The paper mainly concerns the status and trend of these issues.
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Matsenko, Oleksandr M., Yaroslav S. Kovalev, Olena M. Tkachenko, and Yaroslava V. Chorna. "Complex Solution of Ecological and Economic Problems of Traffic Jams." Mechanism of an Economic Regulation, no. 4 (2019): 6–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.21272/mer.2019.86.01.
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The article explores the congestion level in traffic of motor vehicles and its negative environmental and economic consequences in case of Kiev. The amount of pollution from traffic jams in Kiev and the number of vehicles which got into them in 2009-2018 is analyzed. The loss of earnings on the side of automobile owners from their standby are calculated with corresponding quantitative expressions found and described. For the course of the research, the methods of system-structural and comparative analysis were used for analyzing the environmental and economic problems of modern automobile systems; methods of formal logical analysis were used for substantiating the innovative infrastructure of transport routes. Separately economic and statistical methods were used in the study for trends development, structure analysis, and estimation of the influence of road congestion on the environmental and economic sphere. Pearson test has indicated a close relationship between the number of cars in Kiev and the number of values from traffic jams in environmental and economic sphere. Solutions to this problem are offered in forms of automated traffic control systems, improvisation of organizational and technical methods for the distribution of traffic flows over time, namely reverse traffic, road junctions, smart traffic lights, road extension, and the transition to alternative modes of transport. In all countries of the world there are new research methods that affect pollutants from motor vehicles. It is proved that they are forced by the recipients. In addition, landscaping can improve landscape design, reduce greenhouse gas emissions, surface water runoff and noise pollution. In this regard the policy implication of the research are aimed to eliminate the negative consequences from the use of vehicles during traffic jams, and the necessary number of trees for planting in Kiev is calculated. Key words: motor transport, congestion, traffic jam, motor vehicle, greening, compensation effect, lost profits, losses.
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Munir, Kashif, and Ayesha Ameer. "Effect of economic growth, trade openness, urbanization, and technology on environment of Asian emerging economies." Management of Environmental Quality: An International Journal 29, no. 6 (September 10, 2018): 1123–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/meq-05-2018-0087.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to analyze the long-run as well as short-run effect of economic growth, trade openness, urbanization and technology on environmental degradation (sulfur dioxide (SO2) emissions) in Asian emerging economies. Design/methodology/approach The study utilizes the augmented STIRPAT model and uses the panel cointegration and causality test to analyze the long-run and short-run relationships. Due to the unavailability of data for all Asian emerging economies, the study focuses on 11 countries, i.e. Bangladesh, Hong Kong, India, Indonesia, Iran, Malaysia, Pakistan, Philippines, Singapore, Sri Lanka and Thailand, and uses balance panel from 1980 to 2014 at annual frequency. Findings Results showed that the inverted U-shape hypothesis of the environmental Kuznets curve holds between economic growth and SO2 emissions. While technology and trade openness increases SO2 emissions, urbanization reduces SO2 emissions in Asian emerging economies in the long run. Unidirectional causality flows from urbanization to SO2 emissions and from SO2 emissions to economic growth in the short run. Practical implications Research and development centers and programs are required at the government and private levels to control pollution through new technologies as well as to encourage the use of disposed-off waste as a source of energy which results in lower dependency on fossil fuels and leads to reduce emissions. Originality/value This study contributes to the existing literature by analyzing the effects of urbanization, economic growth, technology and trade openness on environmental pollution (measured by SO2 emissions) in Asian emerging economies. This study provides the essential evidence, information and better understanding to key stakeholders of environment. The findings of this study are useful for individuals, corporate bodies, environmentalist, researchers and government agencies at large.
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Li, Deshan, Yanfen Zhao, Rongwei Wu, and Jiefang Dong. "Spatiotemporal Features and Socioeconomic Drivers of PM2.5 Concentrations in China." Sustainability 11, no. 4 (February 24, 2019): 1201. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11041201.
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Fine particulate matter (PM2.5) has been an important environmental issue because it can seriously harm human health and can adversely affect the economy. It poses a problem worldwide and especially in China. Based on data of PM2.5 concentration and night light data, both collected from satellite remote sensing during 1998–2013 in China, we identify the socio-economic determinants of PM2.5 pollution by taking into account the spatial flow and diffusion of regional pollutants. Our results show PM2.5 pollution displays the remarkable feature of spatial agglomeration. High concentrations of PM2.5 are mainly found in Eastern China (including Shandong, Jiangsu, and Anhui provinces) and the Jing-Jin-Ji Area region in the north of China (including Beijing, Tianjin, and Hebei provinces) as well as in the Henan provinces in central China. There is a significant positive spatial spillover effect of PM2.5 pollution, so that an increase in PM2.5 concentration in one region contributes to an increase in neighboring regions. Whether using per capita GDP or nighttime lighting indicators, there is a significant N-shaped curve that relates PM2.5 concentration and economic growth. Population density, industrial structure, and energy consumption have distinct impacts on PM2.5 pollution, while urbanization is negative correlated with PM2.5 emissions. As a result, policies to strengthen regional joint prevention and control, implement cleaner manufacturing techniques, and reduce dependence on fossil fuels should be considered by policy makers for mitigating PM2.5 pollution.
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Tian, Wan, Ye, and Xing. "Cruise Flight Performance Optimization for Minimizing Green Direct Operating Cost." Sustainability 11, no. 14 (July 17, 2019): 3899. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11143899.
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To cope with the environmental impact of aviation and pollution problems in the future, airlines need to assess environmental impacts and offer countermeasures in advance. In order to measure the influence of environment on the airlines’ operational costs, this paper establishes an aircraft green direct operating cost (GDOC) model to quantify adverse environmental effects, such as air pollution and greenhouse effects, into the direct operating cost (DOC). Furthermore, fuel consumption, flight time, and distance in the cruising stage account for about 80% of the entire flight mission, and optimizing cruise flight performance can contribute greatly to reduce GDOC. Therefore, this paper sets up an optimal control model to minimize GDOC, establishes a discrete time dynamic system for optimizing the cruise altitude and speed profiles, and searches the optimal results by using dynamic programming. Besides, as meteorological conditions affect aircraft aerodynamics, fuel flow rate, contrail formation, and so on, this paper analyzes meteorological uncertainty by using historic meteorological data. Finally, a route is selected as an example, and the rationality of the optimal results is proven by comparing GDOC with DOC. The results and discussion of the numerical test also show that environmental effects on aircraft operation can be reduced significantly by adopting GDOC as the optimization objective, especially the contrail cost, and the step-climb cruise mode can further reduce GDOC effectively.
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Kodzhebash, Alina. "Problems of regulation of transport and logistics processes of responsible waste management in Ukraine." Economics ecology socium 3, no. 1 (March 31, 2019): 67–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.31520/2616-7107/2019.3.1-7.
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Introduction. Control of waste management is a complex process that involves organizational-economic and economic-environmental components that are directly or indirectly related to the production and consumption of products, supply of raw materials, natural resources, related information and financial flows, etc. Transport and logistics occupy a special place among them, because of the specifics of waste as an object of management, as well as related issues of environmental pollution and the impact on the health of the population. Transport-logistics approaches are needed to allow the use of appropriate management levers and instruments aimed at solving a complex issue when production and associated material flows are considered in close connection with the movement of waste generated during production and consumption.
Aim and tasks. The purpose of the article is to substantiate the conceptual approach to the management of transport-logistics processes in the field of responsible waste management on the basis of analysis of economic-ecological and organizational issues, and prospects of its development in Ukraine.
Results. As a result of the research, it has been determined that reversible logistics is a means of achieving positive ecological-economic efficiency, the feasibility of which, first and foremost, of the transport component is confirmed by the fact that in the long run, Ukraine can significantly reduce the level of environmental pollution caused by the formation and placement of waste, but the volume of emissions in the transport sector will increase. Accordingly, it is necessary to increase the role of goal-setting functions and coordination of actions in the field of waste management; the main goal at the same time is to increase the ecological-economic efficiency of processes associated with transportation, as well as sorting, storage and disposal of household and industrial waste. This principle is the basis for integrating transport-logistics operations into a waste management system, the main elements of which are management functions and associated environmental-economic instruments for influencing waste management processes. The subsystem of ecological management within the framework of the waste management system, in particular, its transport-logistic component, which forms the ecological policy at micro and macro levels, deserves special attention; and is an effective instrument for implementing the concept of motivated liability.
Conclusions. In the field of waste management, one of the top priorities is the task of increasing the role of transport logistics. Solving the problem of managing transport-logistics processes of responsible waste management is seen in two aspects: integration of the transport-logistics system into the waste management system at the territorial level; creating an economic space for mutually agreed solutions to issues of transportation and other logistics waste operations. This conceptual approach will create competitive conditions for the subjects of environmental-economic activities, which initiate the responsible management of waste in aspects of their transportation, sorting, utilization, etc. in accordance with ISO standards in the areas of waste and transport management and the environmental management system.
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SEMYACHKOV, Alexander, and Victoria POCHECHUN. "ESTIMATION METHODOLOGY OF MINING INDUSTRIAL COMPLEXES IMPACT ON ENVIRONMENT." Sustainable Development of Mountain Territories 13, no. 2 (June 30, 2021): 215–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.21177/1998-4502-2021-13-2-215-223.
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In the work, on the basis of our own field and laboratory studies of the components of the environment, the regularities of the natural and technogenic metal content of the territory of the Middle Urals were established; the mining complex was assessed as a source of pollutant flows into the environment; the formation of flows of pollutants in the environment under the influence of technogenic and mineral formations has been investigated; it is proposed to divide all pollutants, according to their source of entry into the environment, into atmospheric and hydrogenic flows of mining complexes. The problem is that the methodologies for setting maximum permissible emissions (MPE) and normative permissible discharge (NPD) are practically the same. They cover the assessment of the background concentrations of pollutants in the studied media, the assessment of pollution sources, the establishment on the basis of the dilution (mixing) processes of the predicted concentrations (at the border of the sanitary protection zone or in the control section) and the development of the permissible level of the impact of source into the element of the environment in g / h or in t / year with guaranteed quality assurance). Unfortunately, the methodologies used in standardizing the impact of mining and metallurgical complexes on the environment do not take into account a number of aspects, mainly geochemical, which often leads to the formalization of this process with subsequent negative environmental consequences. The objects of research considered in this work were the mining and metallurgical complexes of the Urals, located on its eastern slope in the basin of the river. Tours and including iron ore (the cities of Kachkanar, N. Tagil), copper ore (the cities of Krasnouralsk, Kirovgrad, Pervouralsk) complexes and environmental components (atmosphere, geo-hydro- and biosphere)) within them. The subject of research is the most characteristic ore and associated metals of the Ural deposits: Fe, Cr, Mn, V, Ni, Co, Zn, Cu, Pb, As, Hg, Cd. The aim of the work was to study the flows of pollutants in natural and man-made geosystems of the Middle Urals and to develop a methodological basis for assessing the impact of mining complexes on the environment.
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Chkhirodze, Darejan. "ENVIRONMENTAL SUSTAINABILITY OF TRANSPORT AS A COMPONENT OF ECONOMIC STABILITY (ON THE EXAMPLE OF KUTAISI)." Economic Profile 16, no. 1(21) (July 16, 2021): 72–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.52244/ep.2021.21.07.
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The intensive growth of industrial processes and transport in cities is directly related to environmental pollution, which is manifested by an increase in the amount of emissions from vehicles and an increase in the concentration of aerosols in the atmosphere. The dynamics of this process depends on many different factors, in particular, the state of atmospheric stratification, wind direction, speed and more. The main source of air pollution in Kutaisi is road transport - more than 90 percent of total air pollution emissions come from road transport. The emission of large amounts of pollutants from vehicles is due to many factors, including improper organization and management of traffic, low fuel quality, catalytic converter malfunctions, and the age of vehicles. The number of passenger cars in Kutaisi is growing, for example, according to the years. In Kutaisi in 2014 -38929, 2015 -47668, according to global trends, if we do not take into account possible changes in policy, we can assume that car ownership will double in the next ten years. According to the data conducted by the National Environment Agency on air pollution in Kutaisi in November 2018, the maximum single concentration of dust exceeded the maximum allowable norm by 2.4 times (4.2 times as of December), and the other components: carbon dioxide, sulfur dioxide, sulfur Also the maximum single concentrations of nitric oxide were within the norm. There have been up to a million cars across the country in recent years, according to this year’s data. 49273 cars (cars, buses, trucks) are registered in Kutaisi. The main part of the increased car fleet in Kutaisi is outdated and does not meet international technical and environmental requirements. Most of the registered cars were produced before 2002. According to the Service Agency of the Ministry of Internal Affairs, the issue amounts to 22,628 units over 20 years old, 11,737 units from 10 to 15 years old, and 387 units under 5 years old. It should be noted that st. Kutaisi has introduced municipal transport, namely buses, based on their ecological passport data, we can assume that air pollution will be minimized, which will contribute to sustainable development of the city, in particular, improving the ecological situation will increase the socio-economic situation. Their economic sustainability will improve and the welfare level will rise, sustainable transport will improve the economy of transport users, as you know, municipal transport is much cheaper compared to other service transport. We have mentioned that the emissions of harmful substances by the new buses are less. The buses were currently out of order due to regulations imposed during the pandemic period, thus increasing the number of light vehicles, their excessive number, thus affecting the air quality composition. The author has made a comparative analysis between the harmful substances emitted by the municipal transport in the previous years and the substances emitted by the new buses, namely we have selected greenhouse gases CO2 and NO em, increasing greenhouse gas emissions leading to temperature rise and resulting in climate change. The IPCC methodology was used. The mathematical relationship between the fuel used by vehicles and the harmful substances emitted into the atmosphere as a result of combustion is as follows: yCO2 = 3.22x-0.003 (1) yNO = 0.035x + 0.0017 The given equations can be used to predict the quantitative pollution of the environment by vehicles during the day, if the intensity of traffic D or the amount of fuel consumed is known. here are the following challenges to ensure transport sustainability in Kutaisi: Develop an appropriate environmental, economic and social development strategy for the functioning of sustainable transport in the city: Reducing the negative impact of traffic on air quality and reducing secondary pollution in the city area; The level of awareness of the population about the air quality in the city; Air pollution quality control; Increasing flow of vehicles, which is not in line with proactively integrated transport planning and demand management, and which negatively affects air quality; Development and implementation of socio-economic policy in the field of transport; Control of vehicle flow, work on updating the vehicle fleet, creation of electric transport infrastructure, appropriate planning for green cover cultivation; Increase the involvement of the Department of Ecology and Landscaping of the Infrastructure Development, Landscaping, Transport and Cleaning Service in the work process of drafting the city master plan; Cultivation of new green zones and restoration of green zones in the area of the city and its surroundings; Participation of the Department of Ecology and Economy and Landscaping in joint measures to be taken by various agencies to reduce transport emissions, such as: Optimization of traffic management in Kutaisi (including the introduction of a traffic light regulation system); Setting an age limit on imported cars; Gradual tightening of fuel quality and emission requirements; Introduction of mandatory use of catalytic converter; Re-introduce annual technical inspection of vehicles, including exhaust inspection. Support for measures to reduce the number of vehicles: Introduction of environmentally friendly vehicles; Improving and complex development of municipal transport in the city and increasing its popularity; Popularization of municipal transport in order to reduce the number of vehicles; Participate in the implementation of the principles of Ecological sustainable transport, energy efficiency, intensive transport planning and demand management, low-carbon fuel and electrification of transport (through new technologies - hybrids, fuel, mobile communications, etc.). Development of electric transport infrastructure and bringing to the forefront alternative transport modes; Expansion of the existing network of pedestrian and bicycle lanes, arrangement of new pedestrian roads and bicycle lanes and development of relevant infrastructure.
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Scott, Tyler A. "Flexible, collaborative, and meaningful? The case of the US coastal nonpoint pollution control program." Journal of Environmental Planning and Management 61, no. 2 (April 12, 2017): 272–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09640568.2017.1301896.
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Kansal, Arun, Mukesh Khare, and Chandra Shekhar Sharma. "Health benefits valuation of regulatory intervention for air pollution control in thermal power plants in Delhi, India." Journal of Environmental Planning and Management 52, no. 7 (September 4, 2009): 881–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09640560903180933.
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Xu, Zhihua, Jingzhu Shan, Jingmei Li, and Wensi Zhang. "Extending the theory of planned behavior to predict public participation behavior in air pollution control: Beijing, China." Journal of Environmental Planning and Management 63, no. 4 (May 7, 2019): 669–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09640568.2019.1603821.
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Zhuravska, Nataliia, and Valerii Likhatskyi. "Systematization and Formalization of Passive Monitoring Data in Accordance with the Component-Functional State of Heat Supply Systems." ЕКОНОМІКА І РЕГІОН Науковий вісник, no. 4(79) (December 30, 2020): 62–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.26906/eir.2020.4(79).2188.
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The article examines the assessment of the state of water and hot heat supply systems of heat and power facilities for innovative and constructive use of thermal energy, with effective use in all areas of these systems: generation, for heating water or for generating steam, transporting it to the consumer, as well as when it is consumer so rich industries. Including the housing and communal complex and the construction industry – for example, a scientific and methodological concept has been created for the implementation of passive monitoring to assess the state of heat supply systems, under the conditions of the initial action, on material flows in them of electromagnetic fields. It has been established that an effective form of reagent-free water preparation in electromagnetic fields is technogenic – the nature of material flows due to the electromagnetic dissociation of their micro particles and the formation of active complexes (due to the interaction between them) is determined. It has been established that as a result of passive monitoring, the systematization and formalization of its data should be carried out taking into account three aspects: engineering - technological, engineering – microbiological and organizational – managerial decisions. It is shown that the passive monitoring system is an obligatory subordinate component of environmental management in the industrial sphere – heat and power facilities of water and steam heat supply systems of an innovative direction. The analysis of the content of the point of view of Ukrainian and foreign scientists, monographs is carried out and joint conclusions are made in the conditions of the illuminated literary material under the following headings: the main economic, environmental and regulatory aspects of nature management; the formation of the biosphere in the conditions of transformation of its individual components; methods of environmental management and environmental policy and the like. In these conditions, the formation of an effective economic mechanism for environmental management is of priority; on the central issue of integral management, it requires clarification – formalization of parameters should be considered effective, which make it possible to clarify a compromise between economic development and environmental safety. It is the economic and environmental analysis of the components of technological processes that makes it possible to establish the limiting factors of development in the system (action – state – improvement) and to determine individual patterns (tendencies) in order to overcome them. The theoretical principles of magnetized water are presented in the works, and the priority level is confirmed by the receipt of three patents of Ukraine for useful action and one copyright certificate for intellectual property, and received support at domestic and foreign conferences. The proposed levers improve integral control in the process of modernizing the technology of non-reagent water treatment (use of electromagnetic fields) at heat and power facilities of rich operating industries and make it impossible to process environmental pollution and save energy costs with effective continuous planning of new facilities. Therefore, through the analysis of the general environmental situation, the technical state of the initial data systems, it is possible to confirm the developed classification and formalization of passive monitoring data, on the use of theoretical foundations in practice – the regulations for industrial implementation, is the basis of the concept of sustainable development.
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Ding, Shenzhen, Xumei Chen, Lei Yu, and Xu Wang. "Arterial Offset Optimization Considering the Delay and Emission of Platoon: A Case Study in Beijing." Sustainability 11, no. 14 (July 17, 2019): 3882. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11143882.
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The effective setting of offsets between intersections on arterial roads can greatly reduce the travel time of vehicles through intersections. However, coordinated control systems of urban arterial roads often do not achieve the desired effect. On the contrary, they are very likely to increase the traffic congestion on arterial roads, resulting in more delays of the platoon with more exhaust emissions, if the coordinated control system does not have effective settings. Meanwhile, taking into account increasing environmental pollution, measures are needed to solve the conflict between environmental and traffic management. Thus, in order to ensure the smooth flow of urban arterial roads while considering the environment, this paper develops a bi-objective offset optimization model, with reducing delays of the platoon on arterial roads as the primary objective, and reducing exhaust emissions as the secondary objective. The proposed bi-objective model is based on the division of platoon operating modes on arterial roads, and more pollutant types, including NOx, HC, and CO, are considered when measuring environmental impact. Further, the modified hierarchical method, combining the branch and bound approach with the introductions of a relaxation coefficient, is employed to solve the model. By introducing a relaxation coefficient, the modified hierarchical method overcomes the defects of the traditional one. Finally, Xi Dajie Road in Beijing was taken as an example. The results showed that the bi-objective offset optimization model, considering both the delays and emissions of the platoon reduced delays by up to 20% and emissions by 7% compared with the existing timing plan. If compared with the offset optimization model considering delays only, such a model increases delays no more than 3% and reduces emissions by 6%.
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Acerbi, Federica, Claudio Sassanelli, Sergio Terzi, and Marco Taisch. "A Systematic Literature Review on Data and Information Required for Circular Manufacturing Strategies Adoption." Sustainability 13, no. 4 (February 14, 2021): 2047. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13042047.
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In the extant literature, circular economy (CE) is considered a driver for sustainable development of the manufacturing sector, being it an industrial paradigm aiming at regenerating resources. CE is transferred to manufacturing companies through the adoption of different Circular Manufacturing (CM) strategies (e.g., recycling, remanufacturing, etc.). Nowadays, manufacturers are struggling to implement these strategies to limit their resource consumption and pollution generation. To enable their adoption, the extant literature unveiled the importance to control along the entire value chain different types of resource flows (i.e., material, energy, and information). Nevertheless, while for material and energy management some advancements were achieved, information management and sharing remains one of the major barriers in adopting these strategies. The present work, through a systematic literature review, aims to identify the relevant information and data required to support the manufacturer’s decision process in adopting and managing the different CM strategies to pursue the transition towards CM. Furthermore, based on the results obtained, this research proposes a theoretical framework. It elucidates the four main areas to be managed by manufacturers in adopting CM strategies and it provides to the manufacturer an overview of what should be updated and upgraded inside the company to embrace CM strategies.
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Sulianto, Muhammad Bisri, Lily Montarcih Limantara, and Dian Sisinggih. "The Modified DISPRIN Model for Transforming Daily Rainfall-Runoff Data Series on a Small Watershed in Archipelagic Region." Environmental Research, Engineering and Management 76, no. 2 (July 3, 2020): 6–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.5755/j01.erem.76.2.20299.
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The existence of the translation effect component on the application of the original Dee Investigation Simulation Program for Regulating Network (DISPRIN) model would be counter-productive when applied to rainfall-runoff analysis on small watersheds that have the level of sharp fluctuations that commonly occur in tropical islands. Modifying the original DISPRIN model by ignoring the components proved to mask existing weaknesses. This article tries to compare the performance of the original DISPRIN model and the modified DISPRIN model in the case of the transformation of rainfall data series into discharge data series on a daily period. The calibration process of the parameters of both models uses the evolution differential algorithm (DE). The case study is Lesti watershed at the control point of AWLR Tawangrejeni station (319.14 km2) located in East Java, Indonesia. The test model uses 10-year daily data sets, from January 1, 2007, to December 31, 2016. Data series from 2007 to 2013 as a training data set used for the process of model calibration and model validation, data series from 2014 to 2016 as a test data set for model verification. The results show that the modified DISPRIN model is more effective than the original DISPRIN model in terms of accuracy and iteration time in achieving convergent conditions. The original DISPRIN model was able to respond to fluctuations in a seasonal flow, but was unable to respond to the sharp fluctuations in daily flows. The modified DISPRIN model can fix that vulnerability and can generate an NSE > 0.8 value in the validation and verification phase.
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Behera, Sailesh N., Mukesh Sharma, Pranati Nayak, Sheo Prasad Shukla, and Prashant Gargava. "An approach for evaluation of proposed air pollution control strategy to reduce levels of nitrogen oxides in an urban environment." Journal of Environmental Planning and Management 57, no. 4 (February 21, 2013): 467–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09640568.2012.750600.
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Bisset, Catherine, and Andrew Farmer. "The use of critical loads maps to assess the effects of sulphur pollution control policies on nature conservation sites in England." Journal of Environmental Planning and Management 37, no. 2 (January 1994): 145–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09640569408711966.
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Trull, Oscar, Angel Peiró-Signes, and J. Carlos García-Díaz. "Electricity Forecasting Improvement in a Destination Using Tourism Indicators." Sustainability 11, no. 13 (July 3, 2019): 3656. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11133656.
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The forecast of electricity consumption plays a fundamental role in the environmental impact of a tourist destination. Poor forecasting, under certain circumstances, can lead to huge economic losses and air pollution, as prediction errors usually have a large impact on the utilisation of fossil fuel-generation plants. Due to the seasonality of tourism, consumption in areas where the industry represents a big part of the economic activity follows a different pattern than in areas with a more regular economic distribution. The high economic impact and seasonality of the tourist activity suggests the use of variables specific to it to improve the electricity demand forecast. This article presents a Holt–Winters model with a tourism indicator to improve the effectiveness on the electricity demand forecast in the Balearic Islands (Spain). Results indicate that the presented model improves the accuracy of the prediction by 0.3%. We recommend the use of this type of model and indicator in tourist destinations where tourism accounts for a substantial amount of the Gross Domestic Product (GDP), we can control a significant amount of the flow of tourists and the electrical balance is controlled mainly by fossil fuel power plants.
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Abu Reesh, Ibrahim M. "Acrylonitrile Process Enhancement through Waste Minimization: Effect of Reaction Conditions and Degree of Backmixing." Sustainability 13, no. 14 (July 15, 2021): 7923. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13147923.
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Waste minimization in reactor design is an effective approach for pollution control, when compared to the traditional practice of the end-of-pipe treatment. Reactor degree of backmixing and operating conditions are important factors that determine the performance of chemical process, including environmental impact. For the purpose of waste minimization, two modeling methods were used for simulating the performance of the acrylonitrile production reactor, based on the ammoxidation of propylene. The effect of residence time, temperature, degree of backmixing on the steady-state propylene conversion, and production of waste were determined. The tanks-in-series model and the axial dispersion model were used to account for the degree of backmixing. The two main by-products in the acrylonitrile process are acetonitrile and hydrogen cyanide, which are both highly toxic waste. Extensive reactor backmixing reduces propylene conversion, especially at high temperature and residence time. Minimum acetonitrile production is favored by low residence time, high to moderate temperature, and no backmixing. Minimum hydrogen cyanide production is favored by low residence time, low temperature, and no backmixing. At 450 °C, the percentage of increase in the selectivity of acrylonitrile, with respect to hydrogen cyanide at plug-flow reactor conditions, as compared to a continuous stirred tank reactor, is 87.1, 74.3, 50.9, 30.4, and 12.4% at a residence time of 1, 2, 4, 6, and 8 s, respectively. The reactor degree of backmixing and operating conditions are important factors that affect the environmental friendliness of the acrylonitrile production process.
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Zhang, Xian, Qinglong Wang, Weina Qin, and Limei Guo. "Sustainable Policy Evaluation of Vehicle Exhaust Control—Empirical Data from China’s Air Pollution Control." Sustainability 12, no. 1 (December 22, 2019): 125. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12010125.
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With the increase of car ownership, mobile pollution has become an important source of air pollution, which makes it more difficult for China to control air pollution. In order to control mobile pollution from automobile exhaust, China has taken a series of comprehensive measures. The paper studies the emission reduction effect from the perspective of flow pollution and stock pollution. First of all, the paper uses the actual emission data of motor vehicles to study the emission reduction effect by gasoline and diesel vehicles. The results show that: (1) Fuel price, fuel tax (except diesel), and emission and gasoline standards have an emission reduction effect on gasoline vehicle exhaust control, while the restriction has no effect. (2) In gasoline cars, the emission reduction effect in the Middle East is more significant than in the West, and the effect in the West is better than that in the Middle East. (3) As for diesel vehicles, the effect of policy in the West is superior to the East. Further, the east is better than in the middle. Secondly, based on the actual emission data of Chinese motor vehicles, the paper simulates the change value of stock pollution from automobile exhaust under different policies, and concludes that the economic effect of policy depends on the ecological absorption rate and discount rate. When the net discount value NPV is positive, the government should do its best to interfere with the emission of automobile exhaust. When the net discount value NPV is negative, the government doesn’t have to interfere with the emission of automobile exhaust.
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Dai, Tiejun, and Shuo Shan. "Path Analysis of Beijing’s Dematerialization Development Based on System Dynamics." Sustainability 12, no. 3 (January 22, 2020): 829. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12030829.
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Dematerialization is a phenomenon in which resource consumption and pollutant discharge decrease during economic development. In order to explore the optimal paths of Beijing’s dematerialization, this study combines material flow analysis method and the Tapio decoupling model to construct a city dematerialization evaluation model, and establishes a system dynamics model to simulate the comprehensive dematerialization levels and the dematerialization levels of eight materials under four scenarios. The results show that the key factors affecting the dematerialization levels of resource and discharge end were non-metals consumption and CO2 emissions respectively. During 2016–2030, Beijing would achieve weak decoupling state under four scenarios, but the degree of dematerialization would be different. For the comprehensive dematerialization level, during 2017–2024, an industrial restructuring (IR) scenario, which would strengthen R&D investment and optimize the industrial structure, would be the optimal choice. During 2025–2030, an environmental governance (EG) scenario, which means increasing the investment in pollution control, would bring about the best dematerialization level. There would be differences in the optimal dematerialization paths for eight materials. For example, economic sustainable degrowth (ESD) and EG scenarios would be the optimal paths for dematerialization of atmospheric pollutants in the period 2017–2021 and 2022–2030, respectively.
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Chen, Dongqiang, Hengpeng Li, Wangshou Zhang, Steven G. Pueppke, Jiaping Pang, and Yaqin Diao. "Spatiotemporal Dynamics of Nitrogen Transport in the Qiandao Lake Basin, a Large Hilly Monsoon Basin of Southeastern China." Water 12, no. 4 (April 9, 2020): 1075. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w12041075.
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The Qiandao Lake Basin (QLB), which occupies low hilly terrain in the monsoon region of southeastern China, is facing serious environmental challenges due to human activities and climate change. Here, we investigated source attribution, transport processes, and the spatiotemporal dynamics of nitrogen (N) movement in the QLB using the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT), a physical-based model. The goal was to generate key localized vegetative parameters and agronomic variables to serve as credible information on N sources and as a reference for basin management. The simulation indicated that the basin’s annual average total nitrogen (TN) load between 2007 and 2016 was 11,474 tons. Steep slopes with low vegetation coverage significantly influenced the spatiotemporal distribution of N and its transport process. Monthly average TN loads peaked in June due to intensive fertilization of tea plantations and other agricultural areas and then dropped rapidly in July. Subsurface flow is the key transport pathway, with approximately 70% of N loads originating within Anhui Province, which occupies just 58% of the basin area. The TN yields of sub-basins vary considerably and have strong spatial effects on incremental loads entering the basin’ major stream, the Xin’anjiang River. The largest contributor to N loads was domestic sewage (21.8%), followed by livestock production (20.8%), cropland (18.6%), tea land (15.5%), forest land (10.9%), atmospheric deposition (5.6%), orchards (4.6%), industry (1.4%), and other land (0.8%). Our simulation underscores the urgency of increasing the efficiency of the wastewater treatment, conserving slope land, and optimizing agricultural management as components of a comprehensive policy to control N pollution in the basin.
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Frederick, C. "Environmental Pollution Control Engineering." Journal of Environmental Quality 22, no. 1 (January 1993): 214. http://dx.doi.org/10.2134/jeq1993.00472425002200010032x.
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Bobu, Elena. "EU ENVIRONMENTAL POLICY FOR INDUSTRIAL POLLUTION CONTROL IPPC DIRECTIVE." Environmental Engineering and Management Journal 2, no. 2 (2003): 105–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.30638/eemj.2003.010.
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Cha, Yong-Jin. "Evolutionary Environmental Policy: An Analysis of the U.S. Air pollution Control Policy." International Area Review 1, no. 1 (December 1997): 102–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/223386599700100107.
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The purposes of this study are to examine the nature of air pollution control and available policy instruments in the United States. Focusing on command-and-control (CAC), emission tax, bubble policy and emission offset policy, this study analyzes their theoretical frameworks and limitations. The analysis of this study suggests that the U.S. air pollution control policies have been evolved to deal with economic inefficiencies from the CAC approach. Reforming the pollution policy to market incentive systems could achieve the efficiency of pollution control. Possible policy implications are also discussed.
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Vaikasas, Saulius. "MATHEMATICAL MODELLING OF SEDIMENT DYNAMICS AND THEIR DEPOSITION IN LITHUANIAN RIVERS AND THEIR DELTAS (CASE STUDIES)." JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING AND LANDSCAPE MANAGEMENT 18, no. 3 (September 30, 2010): 207–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/jeelm.2010.24.
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Mathematical modelling of sediment transport and deposition in the floodplains and canals of rivers is closely related to the hydrodynamics, as well as the design of engineering measures, of water pollution control and reduction. The dynamics of flow velocities and water level in the urban section of the Nevežis River at Kedainiai were estimated by applying a hydraulic‐mathematical model, DELTA. It was established that there were no conditions for undesirable river‐bed siltation. During the dry season (Qv.f = m3/s), flow velocity did not exceed 0.5 m/s in the study section. When the discharge affected the formation of the riverbed (Qv.f = 70 m3/s), the flow velocity reached 1.2–1.3 m/s and accumulated bed sediments were washed away. A two‐meters high dam near Skongalis does not stimulate bed silting, as it is not high enough to have much influence on the bed formation processes or the reduction of riverside overgrowth. When the water level is low and the flow velocity is small (0.1 m/s), the water in the river is only slightly turbid (turbidity is 2–6 mg/l), so there is no scope to decrease sedimentation in this case. To improve the aesthetical view of the river, it is advisable to regulate the riverbed by reducing the river width to a 30 m maximum. Floods in the Nemunas delta inundate the bright areas of the valley, where the significant amount of sediments brought by the water is deposited. This decreases the water pollution entering the Curonian Lagoon and the Baltic Sea. It is, therefore, desirable to find ways to intensify this deposition and to put them into practice. The possibility of increasing the discharge of water flowing through the flood plane was investigated, applying the DELTA model. The influences of road banks built across the floodplain and the growth of bushes in the valley were tested. They cause increases in depth and decreases in flow velocity, which can alter the amount of sediment deposition. Santrauka Upiu taršos mažinimo inžineriniu priemoniu projektavimas ir ju būkles kontrole imanoma tik matematiškai sumodeliavus skendinčiuju nešmenu hidrodinamika bei ištyrus tu priemoniu veiksminguma taršai sumažinti ir nešmenims nusodinti. Tam Nevežio reguliuotoji atkarpa Kedainiuose ir Nemuno užliejama delta ties Pagegiais buvo ištirtos taikant hidraulini matematini modeli DELTA. Nustatyta, kad Nevežio vaga, nepaisant jos mažu debitu sausmečiu (Q s.p.v ≈ 3 m3/s) ir greičiu (v ≤ 0,5 m/s), nedumbleja. Taip yra del to, kad per potvynius, kai upes vaga formuojantys debitai Q v.f = 70 m3/s, o tekmes greičiai dideli (v = 1,2–1,3 m/s), anksčiau nusedes dumblas periodiškai išplaunamas ir išnešamas i sleni bei žemupi. Dvimetrinis vandens paimos slenkstis ties Skongaliu taip pat šio proceso neveikia, nes per potvyni yra apsemiamas. Vasara čia vandens lygiai žemi, o tekmes greičiai ne didesni kaip 0,1 m/s, todel Nevežio vanduo palyginti skaidrus (drumstumas 2–6 mg/l), o jo skendinčiuju nešmenu reguliavimo priemones gali būti konstruktyvios arba visai nereikalingos. Iš skaičiavimu akivaizdu, kad per potvynius Nemuno deltoje nemažai anksčiau atneštu skendinčiuju nešmenu kartu su vandeniu išplukdoma i sleni ir jame nuseda. Del čia sulaikomu nešmenu sumažeja vandens, patenkančio i Kuršiu marias ir Baltijos jūra, drumstumas ir biogenine tarša. Taigi reiketu didinti išsiliejančius i slenius potvyniu debitus ir ju išnešamu skendinčiuju nešmenu nusodinima. Straipsnyje aptartas ivairiu slenio tekmiu debitu ir greičiu reguliavimo priemoniu – senvagiu atverimo bei gilinimo, sleni pertveriančiu kelio pylimu irengimo ir krūmu bei medžiu užauginimo efektyvumas skendintiesiems nešmenims sulaikyti. Резюме Проектирование инженерных средств для регулирования загрязнения рек и определение их эффективности возможно лишь при математическом моделировании гидродинамики и осаждения влекомых наносов. С этой целью при помощи двухмерной математической модели DELTA был исследован участок реки Нявежис в городе Кедайняй и дельта реки Нямунас у поселка Пагегяй. Установлено, что несмотря на сравнительно малые расходы воды в межсезонный период (Qs.p.v ≈ 3 м3 /с) и скорости течения (v ≤ 0,5 м/с), в русле р. Нявежис ил и взвешенные наносы не скапливаются, так как они регулярно выносятся во время паводков при наличии руслоформирующего расхода (Qv.f = 70 м3 /с) и возросших скоростях (v = 1,2–1,3 м/с). Влияние подтопления двухметрового порога у Сконгалис в это время ничтожно, а сам порог бывает полностью подтоплен. При помощи расчетов на модели DELTA также установлено, что значительная часть влекомых наносов в низовья р. Нямунас может быть осаждена и задержана при их выносе паводковыми течениями на периодически затопляемую дельту. Осаждаемая часть зависит от распределения расходов между основным руслом и поймой. Поэтому необходимо увеличивать выливание воды в пойму. В статье приведены результаты математического моделирования эффективности различных средств регулирования воды: открытия и углубления старых русел и вымоин, устройства дамб, дорожных насыпей в пойме, уменьшения скоростей течения при помощи посадки кустарников и деревьев в виде полос.
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Roy-Poirier, Audrey, Pascale Champagne, and Yves Filion. "Bioretention processes for phosphorus pollution control." Environmental Reviews 18, NA (December 2010): 159–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/a10-006.
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Phosphorus is a water pollutant of concern around the world as it limits the productivity of most freshwater systems which can undergo eutrophication under high phosphorus inputs. The importance of treating stormwater as part of an integrated phosphorus pollution management plan is now recognized. Bioretention systems are urban stormwater best management practices (BMPs) that rely on terrestrial ecosystem functions to retain storm flows and reduce pollutant loads. Bioretention has shown great potential for stormwater quantity and quality control. However, phosphorus removal has been inconsistent in bioretention systems, with phosphorus leaching observed in some systems. Numerical models can be used to predict the performance of bioretention systems under various conditions and loadings. The aim of this paper is to identify and characterize bioretention phosphorus cycling processes, with a particular focus on process modelling. Both soluble and particulate phosphorus forms are expected in significant proportions in bioretention system inflows. Sorption mechanisms are expected to dominate soluble phosphorus cycling, while particulate phosphorus transport occurs mainly through sedimentation. Vegetative uptake, mineralization, and immobilization are also known to play a role in the cycling of phosphorus; however, data is lacking to assess their importance. There is a need for simple mathematical equations to represent dissolution and precipitation reactions in bioretention systems. More research is also needed to characterize the rates of colloidal capture and mobilization within soils. Finally, approaches used to model phosphorus transport in systems similar to bioretention are not applicable to bioretention system modelling. This reinforces the need for the development of a bioretention phosphorus transport model.
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Tyagi, Paritosh C. "Policy, Law and Implementation of Industrial Wastewater Pollution Control." Water Science and Technology 24, no. 1 (July 1, 1991): 5–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1991.0004.
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The paper is based on the experience in India, The policy of industrial wastewater pollution control is summarised. It is essentially based on the polluter pays principle. The corner-stones of the policy for setting standards are environmental protection, harmony with development needs, public participation and implementability. Prevention is accepted as better than cure. Industries are classified with regard to their potential for pollution. The history of legislative measures for control of water pollution is briefly described and the effectiveness of legislation has been critically examined. The organisational structure of the statutory boards at the Centre and States is described and steps taken for assessment and control of pollution caused by industrial wastewater have been enumerated.
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Titz, Michael A. "Port state control versus marine environmental pollution." Maritime Policy & Management 16, no. 3 (January 1989): 189–211. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03088838900000059.
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Solecki, W. D., and F. M. Shelley. "Pollution, Political Agendas, and Policy Windows: Environmental Policy on the Eve of Silent Spring." Environment and Planning C: Government and Policy 14, no. 4 (December 1996): 451–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1068/c140451.
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The objective of this paper is to illustrate that concern over environmental pollution became a significant national issue in the United States during the late 1950s, many years earlier than is typically acknowledged by environmental historians and policy analysts. Kingdon's model of agenda development is used to document how air and water pollution was transformed from an issue of local concern and control to an issue of national significance during the 1950s. The analysis focuses on two case studies: the development of pollution as a political issue in the state of New Jersey; and the development of pollution as a significant policy issue in the national political arena. Political leaders both within New Jersey and nationwide linked pollution control to other contemporary concerns about urban decay and suburban growth in order to win the allegiance of undecided voters. Pollution control became part of the debate over the role of the federal government in addressing urban ills. Concern about pollution also became important in the general restructuring of the US political landscape in this period, helping to set the stage for Democratic Party activism on the environment and other issues after 1960.
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Qi, Fengsheng, Zisong Wang, Baokuan Li, Zhu He, Jakov Baleta, and Milan Vujanovic. "Numerical study on characteristics of combustion and pollutant formation in a reheating furnace." Thermal Science 22, no. 5 (2018): 2103–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/tsci180118277q.
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Energy consumption of fuel-fired industrial furnace accounts for about 23% of the national total energy consumption every year in China. Meanwhile, the reduction of combustion-generated pollutants in furnace has become very important due to the stringent environment laws and policy introduced in the recent years. It is therefore a great challenge for the researchers to simultaneously enhance the fuel efficiency of the furnace while controlling the pollution emission. In this study, a transient 3-D mathematical combustion model coupled with heat transfer and pollution formation model of a walking-beam-type reheating furnace has been developed to simulate the essential combustion, and pollution distribution in the furnace. Based on this model, considering nitrogen oxides formation mechanism, sensitivity study has been carried out to investigate the influence of fuel flow rate, air-fuel ratio on the resultant concentration of nitrogen oxides in the flue gas. The results of present study provide valuable information for improving the thermal efficiency and pollutant control of reheating furnace.
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Xie, Shuixiang, Hao Deng, Rongsha Wang, Guancheng Jiang, Guangquan Liu, and Yu Xu. "SOURCE CONTROL TECHNOLOGY OF ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION FOR OFFSHORE DRILLING." Environmental Engineering and Management Journal 13, no. 2 (2014): 275–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.30638/eemj.2014.031.
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Aftab, Ashar, Nick Hanley, and Athanasios Kampas. "Co-ordinated environmental regulation: controlling non-point nitrate pollution while maintaining river flows." Environmental and Resource Economics 38, no. 4 (March 27, 2007): 573–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10640-007-9090-y.
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Freeman, A. Myrick. "Environmental Policy Since Earth Day I: What Have We Gained?" Journal of Economic Perspectives 16, no. 1 (February 1, 2002): 125–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/0895330027148.
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I review the data on costs and benefits of the major environmental laws passed during the 1970s. The winners in terms of benefit-cost analysis include: getting lead out of gasoline; controlling particulate air pollution; reducing the concentration of lead in drinking water; and the cleanup of hazardous waste sites with the lowest cost per cancer case avoided under Superfund The losers include: mobile source air pollution control; water pollution control; and many of the regulations and cleanup decisions taken under the Federal Insecticide, Fungicide, and Rodenticide Act, the Toxic Substances Control Act, the Safe Drinking Water Act, and Superfund.
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Xu, Jintao, and Peter Berck. "China's environmental policy: an introduction." Environment and Development Economics 19, no. 1 (December 16, 2013): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1355770x13000624.
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AbstractThis special issue covers several important aspects of China's environmental policy, ranging from evaluation of government programs (biogas and the Sloping Land Conversion Program) that aim directly to enhance the rural environment, to the reform of natural resource sectors (collective and state forest reforms) that set foundations for the sustainable use of natural resources, and to the impacts of urban environmental policies (including urban transportation management and industrial pollution control policy). We provide an overview of the topic and a brief introduction to each of the contributed papers.
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Fan, Qingquan, Yuanbo Qiao, Tongbin Zhang, and Kainan Huang. "Environmental regulation policy, corporate pollution control and economic growth effect: Evidence from China." Environmental Challenges 5 (December 2021): 100244. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.envc.2021.100244.
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Fältström, Emma, and Stefan Anderberg. "Towards control strategies for microplastics in urban water." Environmental Science and Pollution Research 27, no. 32 (July 14, 2020): 40421–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11356-020-10064-z.
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Abstract Microplastics (plastic particles < 5 mm) is a pollution of growing concern. Microplastic pollution is a complex issue that requires systematic attempts to provide an overview and avoid management solutions that have marginal effects or only move the pollution problem. Substance flow analysis (SFA) has been proposed as a useful tool to receive such an overview and has been put forward as valuable for substance management. However, as the research on microplastics has only emerged recently, detailed and reliable SFAs are difficult to perform. In this study, we use three SFA studies for three pollutants (cadmium, copper and pharmaceuticals) to compare flows and strategies to control the flows. This in order to seek guidance for microplastic management and evaluate potential strategies for controlling microplastics. The analysis shows that there has been rigorous control on different levels to abate pollution from cadmium, copper and pharmaceuticals, but where in the system the major control measures have been carried out differ. For microplastics, there are many potential solutions, both in terms of preventive actions and treatment depending on the type of source. When forming management plans for microplastics, the responsibility for each measure and the impact on the whole urban system should be taken into consideration as well as which receiving compartments are particularly valuable and should be avoided.