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1
Li, Sipan, Qunxi Gong, and Shaolei Yang. "A Sustainable, Regional Agricultural Development Measurement System Based on Dissipative Structure Theory and the Entropy Weight Method: A Case Study in Chengdu, China." Sustainability 11, no. 19 (September 26, 2019): 5313. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11195313.
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As a large agricultural nation, China attaches great importance to agricultural development, as sustainable, regional agricultural development affects the sustainable development of China. Taking Chengdu, Sichuan Province as an example, this paper selected indicators and data from the past 15 years from the Chengdu Statistical Yearbook and applied the dissipative structure theory to establish an evaluation system for sustainable, regional agricultural development based on five main factors including economy, society, environment, education, and population. The entropy weight method was used to empower each indicator, and the changes in Chengdu’s sustainable agricultural development in the past 15 years were calculated. It was found that Chengdu’s sustainable agricultural development has been annually increasing, among which, economic and education subsystems had the greatest support for sustainable agricultural development. From 2003 to 2017, the entropy change of the total agricultural sustainable development system in Chengdu was negative, and the total entropy of the system gradually decreased. The sustainable agricultural development system in Chengdu has been developing towards a more orderly dynamic equilibrium state.
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Schneider, Annemarie, Karen C. Seto, and Douglas R. Webster. "Urban Growth in Chengdu, Western China: Application of Remote Sensing to Assess Planning and Policy Outcomes." Environment and Planning B: Planning and Design 32, no. 3 (June 2005): 323–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1068/b31142.
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The majority of studies on Chinese urbanization have been focused on coastal areas, with little attention given to urban centers in the west. Western provinces, however, will unquestionably undergo significant urban change in the future as a result of the ‘Go West’ policy initiated in the 1990s. In this paper the authors examine the relationship between drivers of urban growth and land-use outcomes in Chengdu, capital of the western province of Sichuan, China. In the first part of this research, remotely sensed data are used to map changes in land cover in the greater Chengdu area and to investigate the spatial distribution of development with use of landscape metrics along seven urban-to-rural transects identified as key corridors of growth. Results indicate that the urbanized area increased by more than 350% between 1978 and 2002 in three distinct spatial trends: (a) near the urban fringe in all directions prior to 1990, (b) along transportation corridors, ring roads, and near satellite cities after 1990, and, finally, (c) infilling in southern and western areas (connecting satellite cities to the urban core) in the late 1990s. In the second part of this paper the authors connect patterns of growth with economic, land, and housing market reforms, which are explored in the context of urban planning initiatives. The results reveal that, physically, Chengdu is following trends witnessed in coastal cities of China, although the importance of various land-use drivers differs from that in the east (for example, in the low level of foreign direct investment to date). The information provided by the land-use analysis ultimately helped tailor policies and plans for better land management and reduced fragmentation of new development in the municipality.
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Xiao, Yayu, Honghua Yang, Yunlong Zhao, Geng Kong, Linwei Ma, Zheng Li, and Weidou Ni. "A Comprehensive Planning Method for Low-Carbon Energy Transition in Rapidly Growing Cities." Sustainability 14, no. 4 (February 11, 2022): 2063. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su14042063.
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Coping with climate change requires promoting low-carbon energy transition (LCET) in cities. However, the planning method of LCET for rapidly growing cities deserves further study because it involves dynamicity and interactions of multiple factors. This paper aims to put forward a comprehensive methodology to fill that gap. First, a theoretical framework of “energy system–sustainability–governance–operation of rapidly growing cities” is put forward to explain the general mechanism of LCET. Second, a three step method is built for LCET planning, including energy system analysis based on low emissions analysis platform modeling, operation analysis applying multilevel perspective and stakeholder theories, and governance evaluation by policy review. To verify this method, a city in Western China, Chengdu, was selected as the case study. The results show that Chengdu’s energy related CO2 emissions are expected to peak in 2025 under timely and aggressive measures. The main obstacles lie in three aspects: techno–economic insufficiencies, lack of social cognition, and problems of institution and policy. To realize this scenario, Chengdu must incorporate the target and pathway of a carbon peak as soon as possible into its policy system and enhance the coordination among governmental departments.
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He, Wang, Ji, Wei, Wang, and Liu. "Theoretical Model of Environmental Justice and Environmental Inequality in China’s Four Major Economic Zones." Sustainability 11, no. 21 (October 24, 2019): 5923. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11215923.
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With the change in China’s social structure and the emergence of the middle class, severe environmental pollution is stimulating the demand for social environmental justice in China. Facing the absence of environmental justice theory and related empirical research in China, this article introduces a general equilibrium theory model of environmental justice. It proves that under Pareto efficiency, environmental justice is difficult to achieve in a competitive market, and environmental inequality is the normal state. An econometric model is established based on demographic and socioeconomic factors, comparison with the US principle of environmental justice, and characteristic perspectives in the Chinese context. The study takes 444 counties in China’s four major economic zones, the Yangtze River Delta, Pearl River Delta, Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei, and Chengdu–Chongqing, as the units for empirical analysis of the regional distribution of environmental inequality. The results indicate that rural residents bear higher environmental risks than urban residents. There are different environmentally vulnerable groups and environmental disparities among the four economic zones; notably, minorities in the Pearl River Delta, poor residents in Chengdu–Chongqing, and rural residents in the Yangtze River Delta bear the environmental inequality caused by industrial gas pollution. However, migrants, including rural migrants, do not disproportionately suffer environmental risks caused by industrial pollution at the county level. This paper provides theoretical support and a systematic analytical framework for the study of China’s environmental justice issues. We describe China’s environmental inequality status and provide a reference for the design of environmental justice interventions.
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Wang, Nan, Li Zhu, Yuanhao Bing, Liwei Chen, and Shulang Fei. "Assessment of Urban Agriculture for Evidence-Based Food Planning: A Case Study in Chengdu, China." Sustainability 13, no. 6 (March 15, 2021): 3234. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13063234.
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Along the rapid pace of urbanization, urban agriculture is increasingly recognized as an important tool of sustainable food and nutrition supply, while contributing to the resilience and sustainability of cities from various dimensions. From a governance point of view, it is fundamental to systemically assess the urban agriculture based on local context for evidence-based food planning. In China, values of urban agriculture are being noticed in recent years, with attempts emerging to involve urban agriculture in urban planning and agriculture strategies. However, clear definition to identify the scope and holistic approaches to assess and monitor local urban agriculture are still lacking. The paper took Chengdu as the study area, to conduct a thorough assessment of the foundation, capacity, practices, functions, opportunities, and challenges of the urban agriculture locally. Building on these results, the study further developed an indicator framework tailored to Chengdu’s conditions and city objectives, for in-depth evaluation and monitoring of local urban agriculture by themes, following which a pilot in-depth assessment was conducted in Chengdu using the indicator framework. The outcome of this research for the first time provided an overall characterization of the urban agriculture in Chengdu and assessment tools tailored to urban agriculture in Chinese cities, establishing a good basis for strategic local food system planning and contributing to the formation of the Chinese paradigm in urban agriculture research.
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Wei, Yali, Ying Li, Siying Wang, Junyi Wang, and Yu Zhu. "Research on the Spatial Expansion Characteristics and Industrial and Policy Driving Forces of Chengdu–Chongqing Urban Agglomeration Based on NPP-VIIRS Night Light Remote Sensing Data." Sustainability 15, no. 3 (January 24, 2023): 2188. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su15032188.
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In the context of rapid urbanization development, exploring the driving forces and characteristics of urban agglomerations’ spatial expansion not only enriches the depth and breadth of research on urban agglomerations’ expansion in China, but also has great significance for future urban development planning, rational utilization of land resources, and protection of ecological environment. This study selects nighttime light data to extract the built-up areas of the Chengdu–Chongqing urban agglomeration from 2012 to 2020, and uses urban expansion speed, urban expansion intensity, urban center of gravity migration, compactness, and fractal dimension index, combined with driving force analysis, to explore its development. The results show the following: (1) From 2012 to 2020, the Chengdu–Chongqing urban agglomeration expanded around Chengdu and Chongqing, and the expansion scale of each city first increased and then decreased. (The expansion scale is a comprehensive result obtained by using the formula of urban expansion speed and expansion intensity, indicating the extent of urban expansion.) (2) The expansion direction of the Chengdu–Chongqing urban agglomeration keeps close to Chengdu and Chongqing. The urban spatial form is not stable and begins to focus on urban interior filling. (Urban interior filling refers to the infrastructure construction and content enrichment and renewal within an urban built-up area.) (3) The spatio-temporal expansion of the Chengdu–Chongqing urban agglomeration from 2012 to 2020 is most affected by the levels of economic development and regional investment.
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Ding, Rui, Jun Fu, Yiling Zhang, Ting Zhang, Jian Yin, Yiming Du, Tao Zhou, and Linyu Du. "Research on the Evolution of the Economic Spatial Pattern of Urban Agglomeration and Its Influencing Factors, Evidence from the Chengdu-Chongqing Urban Agglomeration of China." Sustainability 14, no. 17 (September 2, 2022): 10969. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su141710969.
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To investigate the spatial evolution process of economic development in the urban agglomeration and its influencing factors, the network construction method, modified gravity model, geographic detector and Geographically Weighted Regression (GWR) model are used to analyze the intensity of urban association; then, the evolution of economic, spatial pattern and its influencing factors are further discussed, and the Chengdu-Chongqing urban agglomeration of China from 2005 to 2020 is studied as an example. The results show that: (1) the economically developed zones of the Chengdu-Chongqing urban agglomeration mainly concentrated in the core cities of Chengdu and the central city of Chongqing, and the region shows an uneven spatial pattern of economic development distribution. (2) The share of economic linkages with the central city of Chengdu and Chongqing as the twin cities is significant, the intensity of Chengdu and its neighboring cities is gradually decreasing, while the central city of Chongqing has increased, but it still has an insufficient influence on the peripheral areas. (3) The intensities and directions of the factors influencing economic development in the Chengdu-Chongqing urban agglomeration are different. The total output value of the secondary industry, total social fixed asset investment, the number of beds in health institutions, and road freight turnover are significant factors with consistently strong explanatory ability for economic development. The promotion effect of these four significant factors on economic development is mainly concentrated in the eastern and western regions of Chengdu-Chongqing urban agglomeration, while the inhibiting effect is mainly on the cities in the south and north. Based on this study, relevant recommendations are made to promote the coordinated development of the Chengdu-Chongqing urban agglomeration.
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Shi, Chen, and Bo-sin Tang. "Institutional change and diversity in the transfer of land development rights in China: The case of Chengdu." Urban Studies 57, no. 3 (June 6, 2019): 473–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0042098019845527.
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Rapid urbanisation in China has led to a substantial decrease in agricultural land. To address this unsustainable form of urban development, the Chinese government has implemented the ‘Linkage’ Policy ( Zengjian Guagou), which requires any increase in new urban land by local governments to be compensated for with an equivalent amount of new arable land. This paper examines the institutional changes and the implications for China’s land production and development arising from this mechanism of transferring land development rights from the rural to the urban sectors. Using Chengdu as a case study, our research concludes that this institutional mechanism has conferred commodified and tradeable development rights on rural land, leading to the emergence and direct involvement of new players in village land consolidation, resettlement of affected villagers and, indirectly, in the supply of new urban land. Process efficiency has been improved with the local governments, developers and village collectives capitalising on their niches in village improvement projects. The conventional state-led model of land production is enriched with bottom-up market initiatives, and villagers have more choices to realise their land property rights under the dual land market. Land use efficiency has been enhanced by the reallocation of construction land potential. However, infringements of villagers’ interests and negative impacts on balanced regional development under this policy were also found.
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He, Lixia, and Junyong He. "Attitudes towards HPV self-sampling among women in Chengdu, China: A cross-sectional survey." Journal of Medical Screening 27, no. 4 (January 2, 2020): 201–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0969141319895543.
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Objective Cervical cancer screening participation in China remains insufficient, possibly because of embarrassment or discomfort. We assessed knowledge of HPV and its link to cervical cancer, and whether HPV self-sampling might be an acceptable alternative to clinician-based screening, among Sichuan women. Methods A sample of healthy women undergoing routine physical examinations in 2017 at the West China Hospital, Sichuan University, completed a questionnaire. Results From 3000 questionnaires distributed, 1810 were completed and analyzed. Only 29.94% of respondents ( n = 542) had heard of HPV, among whom 65.75% knew that it caused cervical cancer. Among the 766 (42.32%) who considered that HPV self-sampling for cervical cancer screening was an acceptable option, over 90% thought it would be convenient, private, not embarrassing, and not painful. However, 1044 women (57.68%) did not consider self-sampling acceptable, mainly because the result might not be accurate (85.63%), specimens may have gone bad (83.05%), and they may not perform the test correctly (79.98%). Respondents who believed HPV self-sampling was acceptable were more likely than other respondents to be young, and to have completed at least secondary education. Of the 1810 respondents, 1312 (72.49%) reported that they would be willing to be vaccinated against HPV. Conclusion Most women in Chengdu lack basic knowledge about HPV. Over 40% of women believed HPV self-sampling for cervical cancer screening was an acceptable option. To increase screening coverage, public health efforts to educate the public about HPV and HPV self-sampling for cervical cancer screening should be strengthened and expanded.
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Yao, Gang, Mingpu Wang, Yang Yang, and Jun Li. "Development and Analysis of Prefabricated Concrete Buildings in Chengdu, China." International Journal of Sustainable Development and Planning 15, no. 3 (May 1, 2020): 403–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.18280/ijsdp.150318.
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Lu, Hao, and Jie Bao. "Spatial Differentiation Effect of Rural Logistics in Urban Agglomerations in China Based on the Fuzzy Neural Network." Sustainability 14, no. 15 (July 28, 2022): 9268. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su14159268.
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Rural logistics is particularly important for the sustainable development of Chinese urban agglomeration, which features the coexistence of urban circles and vast countryside. However, the existing literature generally focuses on urban logistics while ignoring rural logistics. Taking the Chengdu-Chongqing agglomeration as an example, this study constructed a rural logistics index system and proposed a new dynamic assessment model for rural logistics development using a fuzzy neural network, Moran index, and Kernel density estimation. The results are as follows: the development of rural logistics has been enhanced, and gaps among cities have gradually narrowed over the past decade. In particular, the spatial distribution of rural logistics showcases a dual-core structure in the Chengdu-Chongqing agglomeration, which is different from the unipolar structure manifested in other urban agglomerations. Because of administrative barriers, the impact from the dual-core cities is very different: Chengdu has a significant spillover effect on its surrounding cities, which is not the case for Chongqing. The findings are of great significance for local governments to provide decision-making support for the sustainable development of urban agglomerations.
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Li, Jiao, Yongsheng Qian, Junwei Zeng, Fan Yin, Leipeng Zhu, and Xiaoping Guang. "Research on the Influence of a High-Speed Railway on the Spatial Structure of the Western Urban Agglomeration Based on Fractal Theory—Taking the Chengdu–Chongqing Urban Agglomeration as an Example." Sustainability 12, no. 18 (September 13, 2020): 7550. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12187550.
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By shortening the transportation time between cities, high-speed rail shortens the spatial distance between cities and exerts a far-reaching influence on urban agglomerations’ spatial structures. In order to explore the influence of high-speed rail on the spatial reconstruction of an urban agglomeration in western China, this paper employs fractal theory to compare and analyze the spatial structure evolution of the Chengdu–Chongqing urban agglomeration in western China before and after the opening of a high-speed railway. The results show that after the completion of the high-speed railway, the intercity accessibility is improved. The Chengdu–Chongqing urban agglomeration’s spatial distribution shows a decreasing density from the central city to the surrounding areas. Furthermore, the urban system presents a trend of an agglomeration distribution. Therefore, strengthening the construction of high-speed rail channels between primary and medium-sized cities, as well as accelerating the construction of intercity railway networks and rapid transportation systems based on high-speed rail cities, would help develop urban agglomerations in western China.
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Wang, Qin, Chenggui Liu, Jian Xu, Peipei Song, Shuzhe Yang, and Qin Zhang. "The Experience of the Fight Against COVID-19 in Clinical Laboratory Departments from Chengdu, China." Risk Management and Healthcare Policy Volume 14 (October 2021): 4177–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.2147/rmhp.s323605.
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Zhang, Lili, Dong Wei, Yuyao Hou, Junfei Du, Zu’an Liu, Guomin Zhang, and Long Shi. "Outdoor Thermal Comfort of Urban Park—A Case Study." Sustainability 12, no. 5 (March 4, 2020): 1961. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12051961.
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Urban parks are an important component of urban public green space and a public place where a large number of urban residents choose to conduct outdoor activities. An important factor attracting people to visit and stay in urban parks is its outdoor thermal comfort, which is also an important criterion for evaluating the liability of the urban environment. In this study, through field meteorological monitoring and a questionnaire survey, outdoor thermal comfort of different types of landscape space in urban parks in Chengdu, China was studied in winter and summer. Result indicated that (1) different types of landscape spaces have different thermal comforts, (2) air temperature is the most important factor affecting outdoor thermal comfort; (3) because the thermal sensation judgment of outdoor thermal comfort research in Chengdu area, an ASHRAE seven-sites scale can be used; (4) the neutral temperature ranges of Physiological Equivalent Temperature (PET) and Universal Thermal Climate Index (UTCI) in Chengdu in winter and summer were obtained through research; (5) and UTCI is the best index for evaluating outdoor thermal comfort in Chengdu. These findings provide theoretical benchmarks and technical references for urban planners and landscape designers to optimize outdoor thermal comfort in urban areas to establish a more comfortable and healthy living environment for urban residents.
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Wang, Chengfu, Lijun Song, Haoqi Lu, Shuxin Zheng, and Chengfeng Huang. "Assessing the Economic Energy Level of the Chengdu–Chongqing Economic Circle: An Integrative Perspective of “Field Source” and “Field”." Sustainability 14, no. 16 (August 11, 2022): 9945. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su14169945.
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As a densely overlapping area under the national overarching development strategy, the Chengdu–Chongqing Economic Circle (CCEC) possesses a significant strategic location. However, compared with the other three growth pillars, the economic energy of the CCEC is still at a low level and in urgent need of improvement, which has to be implemented step by step in a systematic manner. At present, the focus remains on the two central cities—Chengdu and Chongqing. In contrast to the traditional evaluation of the regional economic energy level (EEL) solely from the “internal comprehensive development level”, this paper takes an angle on the interdependence and co-existence of “field source” and “field” to construct a preliminary index system which accounts for the “external economic connection level” as well. We then calibrate and validate the proposed model from both statistical and empirical angles. Finally, by optimizing the model, this paper evaluates the EELs of the Chengdu–Chongqing twin cities by fuzzy integrals of comprehensive weights. The results show the following: (1) From the perspective of overall indicators, the EELs of Chengdu and Chongqing have been rising from 2000 to 2018. In 2019, due to deglobalization and the Sino-US trade war, both cities appeared to reach an inflection point. (2) In terms of horizontal comparison, the EELs of the two cities basically coincide with each other, in line with the positioning of Chengdu–Chongqing as the two leading cities in Western China. However, their EELs have been lagging behind those of Beijing, indicating more room for further improvement. (3) From the point of view of sub-indexes, Chongqing has the advantage in the “external economic connection level” while Chengdu has the advantage in the “internal comprehensive development level”. The dislocation and complementarity of Chongqing and Chengdu has become an opportunity to break away from the stiff competition and jointly improve their EELs. (4) By comparing our evaluation with the traditional assessment, we note that the EEL tends to be misestimated if comprehensive factors regarding the “external economic connection level” are not taken into account.
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Song, Xiaowei, Yongpei Hao, and Xiaodong Zhu. "Air Pollutant Emissions from Vehicles and Their Abatement Scenarios: A Case Study of Chengdu-Chongqing Urban Agglomeration, China." Sustainability 11, no. 22 (November 18, 2019): 6503. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11226503.
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Vehicular emissions have become one of the important sources of air pollution, and their effective control is essential to protect the environment. The Chengdu-Chongqing Urban Agglomeration (CCUA), a less developed area located in the southwest of China with higher vehicle population and special topographic features, was selected as the research area. The aims of this study were to establish multi-year vehicular emission inventories for ten important air pollutants in this area and to analyze emission control policy scenarios based on the inventories. The results showed that the ten vehicular pollutant emissions had differences during the past decade, and CO2 and NH3 increased markedly between 1999 and 2015. Chengdu and Chongqing were the dominant contributors of vehicular emissions in the CCUA. Eight scenarios based on these inventories were designed and the alternative energy replacement scenario was studied from the life-cycle perspective. Compared with the business as usual scenario, elimination of substandard vehicles scenario is the most effective policy to control NOx, PM2.5, PM10, and CH4 emissions; the radical alternative energy replacement scenario could decrease the vehicular NMVOC, CO2, N2O, and NH3 emissions; the elimination of motorcycles scenario could decrease the vehicular CO emissions; and the raising fuel standards scenario could reduce vehicular SO2 emissions significantly (by 94.81%). The radical integrated scenario (combining all of the reduction control measures mentioned above) would achieve the maximum emission reduction of vehicular pollutants CO, NMVOC, NOx, PM2.5, PM10, CO2, N2O, and NH3 compared with any scenario alone.
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Li, Ying, Yung-ho Chiu, Yabin Liu, Tai-Yu Lin, and Tzu-Han Chang. "The Impact of the Media and Environmental Pollution on the Economy and Health Using a Modified Meta 2-Stage EBM Malmquist Model." INQUIRY: The Journal of Health Care Organization, Provision, and Financing 57 (January 2020): 004695802092107. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0046958020921070.
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China’s pursuit of economic growth, rapid industrialization, and urbanization over the past few decades has resulted in high energy consumption, which in turn has caused serious environmental pollution problems, such as CO2 and PM2.5 emissions, the long-term exposure to which can seriously affect resident health. To resolve these air pollution problems, the Chinese government has put in place several policies to reduce air and environmental pollution. Past studies on energy and environmental efficiency have been mostly static, have ignored the dynamic changes over time and regional differences, and have rarely considered human health factors. Therefore, this study employed a modified meta 2-stage Epsilon-Based Measure (EBM) Malmquist model to explore the relationships between the economy, energy, the environment, health and media, and the regional differences in 31 Chinese cities from 2014 to 2016. It was found that (1) Haikou and Lhasa’s efficiencies were 1 and were the best in all 3 years, and Shijiazhuang, Jinan and Shenyang’s were the most improved; (2) there was a gap between the eastern, central and western technological frontiers, with Chengdu, Hohhot, Chongqing, and Nanchang having technological gap ratios below 0.70 in the western and central Chinese regions, and Haikou, Guangzhou, and Shanghai in eastern China having technological gap ratios above 0.90 in all 3 years; and (3) the variations in the health treatment stage were greater than in the production stage, indicating that technological changes and efficiency improvements in the health treatment stages in each city were not stable.
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Tian, Yue, and Junfeng Miao. "A Numerical Study of Mountain-Plain Breeze Circulation in Eastern Chengdu, China." Sustainability 11, no. 10 (May 17, 2019): 2821. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11102821.
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The spatiotemporal structure and evolution of the thermally-induced mountain-plain breeze circulation in the Longquan Mountain, eastern Chengdu, are studied by the WRF-ARW model based on a two-day case. Turbulence characteristics are also examined to better understand the local circulation of the area. Simulation results show that the 2 m temperature distribution of the plain and mountain areas is peculiar due to the occurrence of the temperature inversion. The plain and mountain breezes can be predicted explicitly by the model, and the consequent circulations are coupled with other factors such as turbulent movement and vertically propagating mountain waves. Owing to this unique terrain feature, the north portion of the mountain demonstrates more evident mountain and plain breezes compared to the south and middle portions. Stronger turbulences are formed over the mountain area compared to the plain area. Vertical cross-sections of turbulent heat, moisture and momentum fluxes show that turbulent transport plays an important role in the development and elimination of mountain-plain breeze circulation.
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Peng, Rong, Xueqin Deng, Yinghua Xia, and Bei Wu. "Assessing the Sustainability of Long-Term Care Insurance Systems Based on a Policy–Population–Economy Complex System: The Case Study of China." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 11 (May 27, 2022): 6554. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19116554.
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Although China launched long-term care insurance (LTCI) pilot program in 2016, there are great challenges associated with developing a sustainable LTCI system due to limited financial resources and a rapid increase in the aging population. This study constructed an LTCI policy–population–economics (PPE) system to assess the sustainability of the LTCI system in China. Based on the latest 76 LTCI policy documents published between 2016 and 2021, this study evaluated the strength of LTCI policy modeling in 14 pilot cities by constructing a policy modeling consistency (PMC) index containing 9 main variables and 36 sub-variables. The coupling coordination model was used to evaluate the interaction between LTCI policy, population aging, and economic development. The results showed that the PMC index ranged from 0.527 to 0.850. The policy strength of Qingdao, Nantong, and Shanghai was the highest (PMC > 0.8). Anqing, Qiqihaer, Chongqing, and Chengdu had the lowest level of policy strength (PMC < 0.6). The main policy weaknesses were the coverage of the LTCI, the sources of funds, the scope of care services, and benefit eligibility. The coupling coordination degree of PPE systems varied from 0.429 to 0.921, with a mean of 0.651. Shanghai, Nantong, and Suzhou had the highest level of coordination. The coordination between subsystems of PPE in most pilot cities (12 of 14 cities) was at a basic or low level. The findings from this study concluded that the coordination within the PPE system should be improved to develop a sustainable LTCI system. To improve the coordination of the PPE system, it is suggested that the country should maintain sustainable economic growth and modify LTCI policies based on demographic transitions and economic development.
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Liu, Danyu, and Ke Zhang. "Analysis of Spatial Differences and the Influencing Factors in Eco-Efficiency of Urban Agglomerations in China." Sustainability 14, no. 19 (October 4, 2022): 12611. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su141912611.
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In the context of climate change, studying the ecological efficiency (EE) of urban agglomerations is of great significance in promoting sustainable development. First, night light data are used as the expected output to build an evaluation index system based on the five major urban agglomerations, namely, the Yangtze River Delta, Pearl River Delta, Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei, the middle reaches of the Yangtze River, and Chengdu–Chongqing urban agglomerations. Second, the super-efficient Epsilon-based (super-EBM) model and the input–output redundancy rates are used to measure the EE of the five major urban agglomerations from 2006 to 2018. Then, their spatial differences are explored with the help of the Gini coefficient. Finally, the spatial differences in the EE drivers of urban agglomerations are analyzed using Geodetector. The results reveal the following. (1) The EE of the five major urban agglomerations present the decline fluctuation trend of “∧”. However, this trend has slowed down. From the perspective of urban agglomeration, Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei > The Pearl River Delta > Chengdu–Chongqing > Yangtze River Delta > the middle reaches of the Yangtze River. The lowest efficiency of the Yangtze River’s middle reaches has “high investment, low output, and high pollution” characteristics. (2) The EE of the five major urban agglomerations had weak synergistic development and noticeable spatial differences. The primary sources are inter-group differences and hypervariable density. (3) From the perspective of influencing, the difference in technological innovation levels (TEC) is the single leading factor in the differences in the EE space of urban agglomerations. In addition, the interaction combination of industrial structure upgrades (IDS) and traffic infrastructure (TRAF) is a crucial combination driver. However, the core influencing factors of spatial differences in EE in five urban agglomerations are heterogeneous. Among them, the nature-influencing factors of the EE space differences in the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei and the Chengdu–Chongqing urban agglomerations are environmental regulations (ER). Meanwhile, the influencing factor in the Yangtze River Delta urban agglomeration is the development of urbanization (URB). Moreover, the prominent factor in the middle reaches of the Yangtze River and the Pearl River Delta urban agglomerations is foreign direct investment (FDI). On this basis, this study aims to promote ecological civilization construction in urban agglomerations and optimize regional integrated spatial patterns.
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Chang, Bin, Yuexi Dang, Xilian Luo, Chuck Wah Yu, and Zhaolin Gu. "Sustainability of Evaporative Cooling System for Environment Control for Preservation of Unearthed Historical Sites within Archaeological Museums in China." Sustainability 12, no. 23 (November 26, 2020): 9882. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12239882.
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Archaeological museums are usually constructed at the location where historical relic sites are unearthed and are often characterized by large-space building layouts and high energy consumption for the environmental control. However, the traditional strategies for environmental control are limited in protecting the unearthed relics from desiccation cracking and salt concentration. In this study, an environmental control strategy of evaporative cooling system is proposed as a solution to develop a sustainable preservation environment to maintain the condition of the ancient relics at a state of moist saturation. Afterwards, a verification of sustainability and climate suitability analysis of the proposed system were conducted. The results indicate that (1) the evaporative cooling system can fulfil the high humidity preservation environment requirements for the unearthed historical relic sites with a low energy consumption; and (2) the potential use of the evaporative cooling systems is significant in Xi’an and Chengdu (i.e., being 62% and 75%, respectively), and not in Lanzhou and Urumqi. As a conclusion, the proposed strategy provides a sustainable protocol for the preservation of unearthed historical relic sites in archaeological museum.
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He, Shenjing, Mengzhu Zhang, and Zongcai Wei. "The state project of crisis management: China’s Shantytown Redevelopment Schemes under state-led financialization." Environment and Planning A: Economy and Space 52, no. 3 (October 17, 2019): 632–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0308518x19882427.
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Since 2008, China has introduced state-led financialization to inject low-interest, stable and long-term loans to facilitate urban redevelopment through national shantytown redevelopment schemes (SRSs). Extending critical state theories to China’s transitional economy, we consider SRSs to be a policy model of the state project (mode of policy-making) of crisis management that aims to revitalize the national economy in the wake of the global financial crisis. Essentially, this state project serves to tackle the legitimation crisis threatened by both the economic crisis and the escalating social discontent. Drawing on an empirical study of Chengdu, a regional hub in western China spearheading SRSs, this paper examines how the Chinese state at different levels interacts with the nascent financial market in the creation of a new “model” of urban redevelopment under state-led financialization. Having been exploited to manage economic and legitimation crises, this model has simultaneously become a source of “crisis of crisis-management” owing to the state’s “over-intervention”. This research contributes to a fresh understanding of the multiplicity of financialization by linking the financialization of urban built environment with the financialization of the state project, in which financial motives and practices shape the mode of policy making. The Chinese experience also presents a decentered interpretation of state-led financialization that renews our understanding of the multifaceted state and state projects, particularly the hybridized, often contradictory motivations and socio-economic outcomes of state interventions.
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Xiao, Dongyang, Haipeng Niu, Liangxin Fan, Suxia Zhao, and Hongxuan Yan. "Farmers’ Satisfaction and its Influencing Factors in the Policy of Economic Compensation for Cultivated Land Protection: A Case Study in Chengdu, China." Sustainability 11, no. 20 (October 18, 2019): 5787. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11205787.
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With the rapid progress of urbanization, the loss of cultivated land has attracted great attention worldwide, and economic compensation is one of the incentives commonly used by the governments to enhance farmers’ enthusiasm in protecting cultivated land. In recent years, although various economic compensation modes have been implemented by the Chinese government, such modes are still experimental and exploratory. Thus, designing and implementing a national economic compensation mode is urgent to effectively protect the quantity and quality of cultivated land. This study focuses on the mode of cultivated land protection fund (CLPF) in Chengdu, which is the earliest mode of the implementation of economic compensation in China in 2008. First, we analyzed the farmers’ satisfaction with the CLPF through a face-to-face interview with 296 farmers in Chengdu. Then, we used the path analysis method to identify the influencing factors of farmers’ satisfaction from the characteristics of farmers and the policy. Results show that the CLPF was generally supported by farmers. Nevertheless, room for improvement still exists. Particularly, farmers’ satisfaction was low in the design of the government’s supervision management of the CLPF. Farmers’ satisfaction with compensation standard, funding use requirement, and the government’s supervision management were remarkably affected by factors, including farmers’ educational level, cultivated land area, total annual agricultural income, farmers’ knowledge of the CLPF, farmers’ recognition of the value of the CLPF, and farmers’ perception of the changes in household economics. Particularly, the direct influence of farmers’ perception of the changes in household economics was the most important. Finally, we proposed the recommendations for constructing a national economic compensation mode for cultivated land protection. Our results have certain guiding significance for promoting the sustainable development of cultivated land protection policies by means of economic incentives in China and other countries.
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Zhou, Wei-Yu, Yi-xi Xie, Jing Zhang, Shi-huai Deng, Fei Shen, Hong Xiao, Hua Yang, et al. "Estimating the remaining atmospheric environmental capacity using a single-box model in a high pollution risk suburb of Chengdu, China." Journal of Environmental Management 258 (March 2020): 110052. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2019.110052.
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Chen, Juihui, Xiaoqiong Feng, Yonghui Zhu, Ling Huang, Min He, Yuan Li, Elly Yaluk, et al. "Assessment of the Effect of the Three-Year Action Plan to Fight Air Pollution on Air Quality and Associated Health Benefits in Sichuan Basin, China." Sustainability 13, no. 19 (October 2, 2021): 10968. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su131910968.
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To continuously improve air quality, after implementation of the “Clean Air Action Plan, 2013–2017” (CAAP), the “Three-year Action Plan to Fight Air Pollution” (TYP) was further conducted from 2018 to 2020. However, the effectiveness of the TYP remains unclear in one of the major city-clusters of China, the Sichuan Basin. In this study, the bottom-up method was used to quantify the emission reduction during TYP based on the emissions inventory in Sichuan Basin in 2017 and the air pollution control measures adopted from 2018 to 2020 in each city. The reduction of PM2.5 concentration and the avoided premature deaths due to implementation of air pollution control measures were assessed by using an integrated meteorology and air quality modeling system and a concentration-response algorithm. Emissions of SO2, NOx, PM2.5, and VOCs in the Sichuan Basin have been reduced by 42.6, 105.2, 40.2, and 136.6 Gg, respectively. The control of non-electricity industry contributed significantly to the emission reduction of all pollutants, accounting for 26–49%. In addition, the control of mobile sources contributes the most to NOx reductions, accounting for 57%. The results illustrate that the focus of air pollution control in Sichuan Basin is still industrial sources. We also found that the emission reduction of NOx, PM2.5, and VOCs in Chengdu is significantly higher than that of other cities, which were about 3.4~15.4 times, 2.2~40.1 times, and 4.3~24.4 times that of other cities, respectively. In Sichuan Basin, the average reduction rate of PM2.5 concentration due to air pollution control measures was 5% on average, with the highest contributions from industry, mobile source, and dust emission control. The decrease rate in each city ranges between 1~10%, and the decreasing ratios in Dazhou (10%), Chengdu (8%), and Zigong (7%) are relatively higher. The number of premature deaths avoided due to air pollution control measures in Sichuan Basin is estimated to be 22,934. Chengdu and Dazhou have benefitted most from the air pollution control measures, with 6043 and 2713 premature deaths avoided, respectively. Our results indicate that the implementation of TYP has achieved remarkable environmental and health benefits.
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Gao, Hao, Weixin Yang, Jiawei Wang, and Xiaoyun Zheng. "Analysis of the Effectiveness of Air Pollution Control Policies Based on Historical Evaluation and Deep Learning Forecast: A Case Study of Chengdu-Chongqing Region in China." Sustainability 13, no. 1 (December 28, 2020): 206. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13010206.
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Air pollution is a common problem for many countries around the world in the process of industrialization as well as a challenge to sustainable development. This paper has selected Chengdu-Chongqing region of China as the research object, which suffers from severe air pollution and has been actively involved in air pollution control in recent years to achieve sustainable development. Based on the historical data of 16 cities in this region from January 2015 to November 2019 on six major air pollutants, this paper has first conducted evaluation on the monthly air quality of these cities within the research period by using Principal Component Analysis and the Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to an Ideal Solution. Based on that, this paper has adopted the Long Short-Term Memory neural network model in deep learning to forecast the monthly air quality of various cities from December 2019 to November 2020. The aims of this paper are to enrich existing literature on air pollution control, and provide a novel scientific tool for design and formulation of air pollution control policies by innovatively integrating commonly used evaluation models and deep learning forecast methods. According to the research results, in terms of historical evaluation, the air quality of cities in the Chengdu-Chongqing region was generally moving in the same trend in the research period, with distinct characteristics of cyclicity and convergence. Year- on-year speaking, the effectiveness of air pollution control in various cities has shown a visible improvement trend. For example, Ya’an’s lowest air quality evaluation score has improved from 0.3494 in 2015 to 0.4504 in 2019; Zigong’s lowest air quality score has also risen from 0.4160 in 2015 to 0.6429 in 2019. Based on the above historical evaluation and deep learning forecast results, this paper has proposed relevant policy recommendations for air pollution control in the Chengdu-Chongqing region.
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Wang, Yan, and Guangdong Li. "Mapping urban CO2 emissions using DMSP/OLS ‘city lights’ satellite data in China." Environment and Planning A: Economy and Space 49, no. 2 (July 28, 2016): 248–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0308518x16656374.
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China, the world’s top CO2 emitter, is faced with pressure of energy-saving emission reduction. In the 2015 Paris Climate Conference (COP21), China announced its plan, aiming to cut down CO2 emissions by 60%–65% per unit of GDP in comparison to 2005’s level by 2030. To achieve this ambitious goal, reliable national, provincial, and city-level statistics are fundamental for multi-scale mitigation policy-makings as well as for the allocation of responsibilities among different administrative units. However, China implemented a top-down energy statistical system. The National Bureau of Statistics only publishes annually both national and provincial energy statistics. Only part of cities released their statistics, which results in missing data in city-level energy statistics. This also affects data transparency and accuracy of energy and CO2 emission statistics, and as a result, increases difficulty in allocation of CO2 emission reduction responsibilities. In order to fill this lacuna, we employed a standardized remote sensing inversion approach for estimating China’s city-level CO2 emissions from energy consumptions by integrating DMSP/OLS ‘city lights’ satellite data and statistical data. The end product is a map of city-level CO2 emissions in China. The most topping CO2 emitters are located in the major urban agglomerations along the more economically developed eastern coast (e.g. Yangtze River Delta, Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei, Shandong Peninsula, and Pearl River Delta). Other regions with high CO2 emissions are Shanxi and Henan in Central China, as well as the Chengdu–Chongqing and Shaanxi in West China. Regions with low CO2 emissions are western China, and most of Central China and South China.
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Mohamed, Adam, Liu Dan, Song Kai, Mohamed Mohamed, Elsiddig Aldaw, and Basheer Elubid. "Hydrochemical Analysis and Fuzzy Logic Method for Evaluation of Groundwater Quality in the North Chengdu Plain, China." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 16, no. 3 (January 23, 2019): 302. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16030302.
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Groundwater is a major water resource in the North Chengdu Plain, China. The research objective is to determine the quality and suitability of groundwater for drinking purposes within the vicinity of a shallow, unconsolidated aquifer of Quaternary age. In this study, a detailed investigation was conducted to define the hydrochemical characteristics that control the quality of groundwater, based on traditional methods. Considering the uncertainties linked with water resources and the environmental complications, the fuzzy logic method was used in the determination of groundwater quality for more precise findings that support decision-making. To achieve such an objective, sixteen water quality guidelines were used to determine groundwater quality status in six selected wells. The results showed that the groundwater is neutral, very hard, and fresh in nature. Dominating cations and anions are in the order of Ca 2 + > Na + > Mg 2 + > K + and HCO 3 - > SO 4 2 - > Cl - . The Piper trilinear diagram demonstrates that the hydrochemical facies of groundwater are mostly of Ca-HCO 3 type. Statistical analysis denotes a positive correlation between most of the chemical parameters. The study took the results of the fuzzy logic evaluation method into consideration, to classify the samples into five groups according to the Chinese groundwater quality standard (GB/T 14848-93) for their suitability for domestic use. The results demonstrated that the quality of the groundwater samples is within grade II and III, and is suitable for drinking purposes. The comprehensive evaluation of groundwater quality is critical to aid sensitive policy decisions, and the proposed approach can guarantee reliable findings to that effect. The results of this study would also be helpful to future researches related to groundwater quality assessment.
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Gao, Jiong, Shoufeng Ma, Lulu Li, Jian Zuo, and Huibin Du. "Does travel closer to TOD have lower CO2 emissions? Evidence from ride-hailing in Chengdu, China." Journal of Environmental Management 308 (April 2022): 114636. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2022.114636.
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Tan, Shaojun, Deti Xie, Chengsheng Ni, Guangyao Zhao, Jingan Shao, Fangxin Chen, and Jiupai Ni. "Spatiotemporal characteristics of air pollution in Chengdu-Chongqing urban agglomeration (CCUA) in Southwest, China: 2015–2021." Journal of Environmental Management 325 (January 2023): 116503. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2022.116503.
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Yu, Li, and Wei Xu. "Institutional conformity, entrepreneurial governance and local contingency: Problematizing central-local dynamics in localizing China's low-income housing policy." Environment and Planning A: Economy and Space 54, no. 3 (December 7, 2021): 508–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0308518x211061400.
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Central-local dynamics are crucial to understand the implementation of China’s reform policies and regional economic development. Until recently, the research has focused on either end of the political spectrum, celebrating the top-down channeling of neoliberal-like reforms led by the central government or detailing the bottom-up process of policy innovation and entrepreneurism centred on local states. Knowledge is not substantial about how the central state interacts with local authorities in the localization of central public policies and, to a lesser extent, why some policies are properly implemented at the local level but others not. Through investigating the implementation of major national low-income housing policies in Chengdu and Shanghai, we interrogate three proposed theoretical constructs: political conformity, entrepreneurial governance and local contingency. Results show that institutional conformity manifests in cross-scale consistency in policy goals, political obligation of local states to conform to the central authority, and balance between local incentives and central state sanctions. In the process of balancing local and central interests, the local development priorities are framed along the line of local state entrepreneurism favoring fiscal responsibility, economic efficiency, and economic growth. Finally, locally contingent factors often interact with and mediate external forces and have a significant impact on localizing public policies in China.
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Cui, Xijing, Gyehee Lee, Seung Jea Lee, and Taegoo Terry Kim. "Structural Relationships among Antecedents to Perceived Value of Ecotourism for Sichuan Giant Pandas in China." Sustainability 11, no. 1 (January 3, 2019): 210. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11010210.
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The purpose of this study is to investigate causal relationships among interpretation satisfaction, environmental attitudes, place attachment, destination loyalty, and perceived value of ecotourism for tourists visiting the Chengdu Panda Base (CPB) in China. An online and an on-site field survey were administered to respondents aged 50 years old and older who use the Internet relatively little. A total of 243 questionnaires were collected and analyzed. The results drawn from the structural model indicate that, first, the satisfaction level regarding the interpretation service positively affects the balance of nature and place attachment (place dependence and place identity) of tourists. Second, as tourists hold higher regard for the balance of nature and stronger place attachment to a tourist site, they tend to hold a stronger destination loyalty; conversely, anthropocentrism correlates negatively with destination loyalty. Lastly, the results show that the more destination loyalty tourists had, the more highly they valued ecotourism in the CPB, which in turn increased the amount of money they were willing to pay to enjoy the CPB, indicating that destination loyalty positively affects tourists’ perceived value of ecotourism.
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Rahaman, Saidur, Selim Jahangir, Ruishan Chen, and Pankaj Kumar. "Restricted Anthropogenic Activities and Improved Urban Air Quality in China: Evidence from Real-Time and Remotely Sensed Datasets Using Air Quality Zonal Modeling." Atmosphere 13, no. 6 (June 14, 2022): 961. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/atmos13060961.
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The study aims to examine the major atmospheric air pollutants such as NO2, CO, O3, PM2.5, PM10, and SO2 to assess the overall air quality using air quality zonal modeling of 15 major cities of China before and after the COVID-19 pandemic period. The spatio-temporal changes in NO2 and other atmospheric pollutants exhibited enormous reduction due to the imposition of a nationwide lockdown. The present study used a 10-day as well as 60-day tropospheric column time-average map of NO2 with spatial resolution 0.25 × 0.25° obtained from the Global Modeling and Assimilation Office, NASA. The air quality zonal model was employed to assess the total NO2 load and its change during the pandemic period for each specific region. Ground surface monitoring data for CO, NO2, O3, PM10, PM2.5, and SO2 including Air Quality Index (AQI) were collected from the Ministry of Environmental Protection of China (MEPC). The results from both datasets demonstrated that NO2 has drastically dropped in all the major cities across China. The concentration of CO, PM10, PM2.5, and SO2 demonstrated a decreasing trend whereas the concentration of O3 increased substantially in all cities after the lockdown effect as observed from real-time monitoring data. Because of the complete shutdown of all industrial activities and vehicular movements, the atmosphere experienced a lower concentration of major pollutants that improves the overall air quality. The regulation of anthropogenic activities due to the COVID-19 pandemic has not only contained the spread of the virus but also facilitated the improvement of the overall air quality. Guangzhou (43%), Harbin (42%), Jinan (33%), and Chengdu (32%) have experienced maximum air quality improving rates, whereas Anshan (7%), Lanzhou (17%), and Xian (25%) exhibited less improved AQI among 15 cities of China during the study period. The government needs to establish an environmental policy framework involving central, provincial, and local governments with stringent laws for environmental protection.
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He, Mai, and Shen. "Delineation of Urban Growth Boundaries with SD and CLUE-s Models under Multi-Scenarios in Chengdu Metropolitan Area." Sustainability 11, no. 21 (October 24, 2019): 5919. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11215919.
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For megacities experiencing rapid urbanization in China, urban growth boundaries (UGBs) have been considered as a useful means to control urban sprawl and to promote sustainable urban development. However, scientific methods and tools to delineate sound UGBs by planners are few and far between. Using metropolitan Chengdu as the study area, this paper applies the system dynamics (SD) and conversion of land use and its effects at small region extent (CLUE-s) models to delineate UGBs. In this study, land use demand was simulated in the SD model temporally at a macro-level and allocated in the CLUE-s model spatially at a micro-level. Key social-economic elements and spatial pattern factors were used in the simulation process for the period of 2013–2030. The simulation results under various scenarios showed that areas along the major corridors and belt roads of the main Chengdu metropolitan area and its satellite towns have higher chances to be developed. The areas most likely to be developed were used to establish the UGBs for 2020, 2025, and 2030. This research demonstrates that the integrated framework of SD and CLUE-s models provides a feasible means of UGB delineation under different development scenarios.
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Wu, Shuang, Ning Wu, and Bo Zhong. "What Ecosystem Services Flowing from Linpan System—A Cultural Landscape in Chengdu Plain, Southwest China." Sustainability 12, no. 10 (May 18, 2020): 4122. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12104122.
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As an ecosystem complex integrated with functions of agricultural production, residence, and socio-cultural activity, linpan (wooded lot) has characterized socio-ecologically and culturally the rural landscape in Chengdu Plain. Although functioning for centuries without disruption and supporting continuously the regional prosperity, it is currently under big threats due to rapid urbanization and a growing population. The overall goal of this paper is to improve our understanding of the linpan system and its services. Within the framework of four categories of ecosystem services, including provisioning, regulating, cultural and supporting services, the deliverables by linpan were elaborated respectively based on document review and field survey. It was addressed that as a localized cultural landscape, linpan has and will continue to provide various services to rural as well as urban people. These services including material and non-material values were highly recognized by local people, but the perceived importance of services were changeable with the socio-economic development, market fluctuation, and people’s awareness rise. Regarding the preservation of the linpan system as an important agricultural heritage system, cultural services should not be neglected within a landscape management framework. Finally, this study called for attention to the dynamics of the linpan system which required an adaptive approach for assessing and managing ecosystem services.
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Zhang, Haijing, Qingyun Du, Min Yao, and Fu Ren. "Evaluation and Clustering Maps of Groundwater Wells in the Red Beds of Chengdu, Sichuan, China." Sustainability 8, no. 1 (January 18, 2016): 87. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su8010087.
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Pan, Haize, Chuan Yang, Lirong Quan, and Longhui Liao. "A New Insight into Understanding Urban Vitality: A Case Study in the Chengdu-Chongqing Area Twin-City Economic Circle, China." Sustainability 13, no. 18 (September 8, 2021): 10068. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su131810068.
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Addressing the issues caused by urbanization through urban vitality theory has elicited increasing attention in social environment research. However, few studies focus on vitality itself, such as the generative mechanism of urban vitality (GMUV) and the identification of key factors to vitality improvement. Therefore, a new insight into vitality is presented in this study through the exploration of GMUV based on partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM). Concretely, the GMUV and the key factors to vitality improvement are analyzed and identified based on nighttime lights data, points of interest, and the statistical data of the Chengdu-Chongqing Area Twin-City Economic Circle in China. The results show that external representations and internal elements constitute the structural basis of the GMUV and that environmental vitality and social vitality are the key factors to enhance vitality. Finally, suggestions on improving regional vitality are provided to urban policymakers. This study may promote a better understanding of vitality, and the proposed vitality evaluation model may serve as a reference for other regions.
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Zhaoting, G., H. Feng, Y. Liu, and M. Hu. "HPR70 The Influence of Medicare Reimbursement Policy of DAAs for Hepatitis C Virus on Health and Economic Burden: A Case Study in Chengdu, China." Value in Health 25, no. 7 (July 2022): S479. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jval.2022.04.996.
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Zhang, Fan, Gui Jin, Junlong Li, Chao Wang, and Ning Xu. "Study on Dynamic Total Factor Carbon Emission Efficiency in China’s Urban Agglomerations." Sustainability 12, no. 7 (March 28, 2020): 2675. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12072675.
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The scale effect of urbanization on improving carbon emission efficiency and achieving low-carbon targets is an important topic in urban research. Using dynamic panel data from 64 prefecture-level cities in four typical urban agglomerations in China from 2006 to 2016, this paper constructed a stochastic frontier analysis model to empirically measure the city-level total-factor carbon emission efficiency index (TCEI) at different stages of urbanization and to identify rules governing its spatiotemporal evolution. We quantitatively analyzed the influences and functional characteristics of TCEI in the four urban agglomerations of Pearl River Delta, Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei, the Yangtze River Delta, and Chengdu-Chongqing. Results show that the TCEI at different stages of urbanization in these urban agglomerations is increasing year by year. The overall city-level TCEI was ranked as follows: Pearl River Delta > Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei > Yangtze River Delta > Chengdu-Chongqing. Improvements in the level of economic development and urbanization will help achieve low-carbon development in a given urban agglomeration. The optimization of industrial structure and improvement of ecological environment will help curb carbon emissions. This paper provides decision-making references for regional carbon emission reduction from optimizing industrial and energy consumption structures and improving energy efficiency.
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Ci, Xiaohu, Liping Zhang, Tongxiang Wang, Yi Xiao, and Jun Xia. "Research on the ECC of Chengdu–Chongqing’s Urban Agglomeration in China Based on System Dynamics." Sustainability 14, no. 17 (August 31, 2022): 10896. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su141710896.
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The ecological carrying capacity (ECC) is a prerequisite for China’s regional and green developments. Since the Chengdu–Chongqing urban agglomeration (CCUA) is an important economic area, it is important to study the development of its ECC in order to establish its green development and to promote its regionally coordinated development in China. This paper first establishes the ECC evaluation index system based on the Pressure–State–Response (PSR) model and AHP-TOPSIS. Secondly, it estimates the ECC of the CCUA between 2000 and 2018. Thirdly, it constructs a system dynamics model of the ECC and, finally, it simulates and predicts the ECC from 2021 to 2050 based on shared socioeconomic pathways. The results show that the ECC indices of 16 cities in the CCUA have increased significantly in 18 years and the annual ECC indices from 2021 to 2050 all show significant growth trends. This paper will show that the CCUA should select the most suitable development mode to be adopted in the different periods. The development should follow SSP2 from 2021 to 2025, SSP1 from 2026 to 2035, and the development characteristics of SSP5 should be referred to at levels between 2036 and 2050, based on the CCUA’s overall development in accordance with SSP1.
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Wang, Jue, Yi Yang, Huan Huang, and Fan Wang. "Stakeholder Management in Government-Led Urban Regeneration: A Case Study of the Eastern Suburbs in Chengdu, China." Sustainability 14, no. 7 (April 6, 2022): 4357. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su14074357.
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There are debates on choices between the bottom-up and top-down urban regeneration approaches, and the former is often considered to be better quality since it includes mass stakeholders. This research aims to extend the understanding of the government-led top-down urban regeneration approach with a case study of the Eastern Suburbs in Chengdu, China. A qualitative interview-based approach was adopted. The results show that the top-down approach is efficient and brings high-quality results for large-scale post-industrial transformation with inclusive stakeholder management. There are several possible ways to involve stakeholders: actively or passively, participating in the whole process or some stages, and engaging fully or partially, according to the demand on site.
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Yang, Zhen, Weijun Gao, Xueyuan Zhao, Chibiao Hao, and Xudong Xie. "Spatiotemporal Patterns of Population Mobility and Its Determinants in Chinese Cities Based on Travel Big Data." Sustainability 12, no. 10 (May 14, 2020): 4012. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12104012.
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Large-scale population mobility has an important impact on the spatial layout of China’s urban systems. Compared with traditional census data, mobile-phone-based travel big data can describe the mobility patterns of a population in a timely, dynamic, complete, and accurate manner. With the travel big dataset supported by Tencent’s location big data, combined with social network analysis (SNA) and a semiparametric geographically weighted regression (SGWR) model, this paper first analyzed the spatiotemporal patterns and characteristics of mobile-data-based population mobility (MBPM), and then revealed the socioeconomic factors related to population mobility during the Spring Festival of 2019, which is the most important festival in China, equivalent to Thanksgiving Day in United States. During this period, the volume of population mobility exceeded 200 million, which became the largest time node of short-term population mobility in the world. The results showed that population mobility presents a spatial structure dominated by two east–west main axes formed by Chengdu, Nanjing, Wuhan, Shanghai; and three north–south main axes formed by Guangzhou, Shenzhen, Shanghai, Wuhan, and Chengdu. The major cities in the four urban agglomerations in China occupy an absolute core position in the population mobility network hierarchy, and the population mobility network presents typical “small world” features and forms 11 closely related groups. Semiparametric geographically weighted regression model results showed that mobile-data-based population mobility variation is significantly related to the value-added of secondary and tertiary industries, foreign capital, average wage, urbanization rate, and value-added of primary industries. When the spatial heterogeneity and nonstationarity was considered, the socioeconomic factors that affect population mobility showed differences between different regions and cities. The patterns of population mobility and determinants explored in this paper can provide a new reference for the balanced development of regional economy.
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Zeng, Tonggang, Yongchun Yang, and Shan Man. "How Does Family Intergenerational Relationships Affect the Life Satisfaction of Middle-Aged and Elderly Parents in Urban Only-Child Families in Chengdu, China." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 14 (July 17, 2022): 8704. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19148704.
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Over the past 40 years, the implementation of the family planning policy in China has led to the creation of many only-child families. In the process of modernization and urbanization, it is critical to focus on the intergenerational relationships in only-child families and their associational mechanism on the life satisfaction of middle-aged and elderly parents, which has crucial implications for them staying active and healthy aging. Using the survey data from Chengdu, China, this study analyzed the characteristics of only-child parents’ life satisfaction and family intergenerational relationships, and explored the associational mechanism of family intergenerational relationships on only-child parents’ life satisfaction in urban families, as well as the possible moderating role of gender. The results indicate that there are gender differences in the life satisfaction of only-child parents in urban families, and men are more satisfied than women. Moreover, parents of sons and daughters differ in life satisfaction from the dual-gender perspective. Parents of daughters are likely to have higher life satisfaction, especially mothers. The only-child families have not moved toward nucleation in urban families, and intergenerational members maintain close contact and provide frequent mutual support to achieve individual and family development. There are significant gender differences in structural, associational, affectual, and functional solidarity among only-child. This study confirms that there are differences in the associational mechanism of family intergenerational relationships on life satisfaction in different dimensions. Affectual solidarity is the most influential factor of life satisfaction. In terms of normative and consensual solidarity, gender plays a moderating role. For men, normative and consensual solidarity is beneficial for improving life satisfaction, but it has an insignificant effect on women. The effects of structural solidarity, association solidarity, and functional solidarity are not significant.
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Zhao, Chuanwu, Yaozhong Pan, Yongjia Teng, Muhammad Fahad Baqa, and Wei Guo. "Air Quality Improvement in China: Evidence from PM2.5 Concentrations in Five Urban Agglomerations, 2000–2021." Atmosphere 13, no. 11 (November 4, 2022): 1839. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/atmos13111839.
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Air pollution endangers human health and sustainable socio-economic development, especially in urban agglomeration (UA). The Chinese government has implemented a series of policies and standards to improve air quality. However, few studies have compared variations in PM2.5 concentrations across multiple UAs, and current research often lacks analysis relative to the clean air policies implemented by the government. In this study, we used econometric and geostatistical methods to assess the distribution and spatial evolution of PM2.5 concentrations in five UAs (the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei UA (BTHUA), middle reaches of the Yangtze River UA (MYRUA), Chengdu–Chongqing UA (CCUA), Harbin Changchun UA (HCUA), and Beibu Gulf UA (BGUA)) in China from 2000 to 2021 to explore the effectiveness of the clean air policies implemented by the government on air pollution control, to analyze the ambient air quality of UAs, and to make recommendations for public outdoor activities. The results indicated that the clean air policy implemented by the Chinese government in 2013 achieved significant treatment results. PM2.5 concentrations were plotted as an inverted U-shaped curve based on time, which showed an upward trend before 2013 and a downward trend after 2013. PM2.5 concentrations showed a similar seasonal pattern, with a single-valley “V” shape. PM2.5 concentration was the highest in winter and the lowest in summer. The PM2.5 concentration of HCUA and BGUA was lower than that of CCUA, MYRUA, and BTHUA. The increase in PM2.5 concentration mainly occurred in autumn and winter, while the decrease mainly occurred in spring. In 2021, the PM2.5 air quality compliance rates (<35 µg/m3) in BTHUA, MYRUA, CCUA, HCUA, and BGUA were 44.57%, 80.00%, 82.04%, 99.74%, and 100%, respectively. However, in 2021, 19.19% of the five UAs still had an ambient air quality of Grade II (i.e., 50 < AQIPM2.5 < 100). People with abnormally sensitive breathing in these areas should reduce their outdoor activities. These results contribute to epidemiological studies on human health and disease prevention and suggest reasonable pathways by which governments can improve air quality through sustainable urban planning.
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Li, Qiushan, Kabilijiang Wumaier, and Mikiko Ishikawa. "The Spatial Analysis and Sustainability of Rural Cultural Landscapes: Linpan Settlements in China’s Chengdu Plain." Sustainability 11, no. 16 (August 16, 2019): 4431. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11164431.
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Amid rapid urbanization and globalization, rural zones in many countries have undergone dramatic shifts. Although the future development of cultural landscapes is clear, their planning and management are uncertain. The Chengdu Plain is one of the most prosperous in China, which is home to well-developed irrigation and drainage systems, with the earliest history of planting found in Sichuan Province. The Chengdu Plain’s unique farming landscape is an important human resource that represents the natural integration of the material and spiritual forms in the farming era. This study takes the unique farming settlements in Dujiangyan Irrigation District as the research object and analyzes the culture, human environment, and spatial order of the Linpan settlement based on the system theory. From the hierarchical structure of each individual Linpan settlement to the spatial layout of the Linpan community, the changes in the relationship between humans and land in the farming area are explored to explain the sustainability of the rural cultural landscape. With long-term field research, the rural geographic information database is built as a basis for the identification and classification of Linpan Cultural landscape types. The results show that between 2005−2018, the Linpan of Juyuan Town illustrated a decreasing trend, and about six Linpan settlements disappeared per square kilometer. The change in the type of Linpan landscape is spatially unbalanced, which is mainly due to the difference between regional development and residents’ needs. This study introduces the concept of “demand” and “restriction” in sustainable development to explore a future strategy of maintaining the cultural landscape, which is expected to provide a basis for future policy formulation to protect the traditional rural landscape.
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Cai, Zhichang, ChengHe Guan, An Trinh, Bo Zhang, Zhibin Chen, Sumeeta Srinivasan, and Chris Nielsen. "Satisfactions on Self-Perceived Health of Urban Residents in Chengdu, China: Gender, Age and the Built Environment." Sustainability 14, no. 20 (October 17, 2022): 13389. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su142013389.
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Self-perceived health is an important factor for assessing urban residents’ satisfaction and quality of life. However, few have comprehensively investigated the impact of demographics, lifestyle and health awareness, indoor environment characteristics, and neighborhood features on self-perceived health. To fill this gap, we designed a framework using multivariable regressions to derive odd rations and to analyze the determinants of self-rated health, stratified into different sub-groups divided by gender, age, and neighborhood types. The study area is Chengdu, one of the most populous cities in western China. The results show that: (1) female respondents reported worse health, with household income level and marital status significantly affecting self-rated health; (2) elderly people reported the worst health, while unique factors affected only younger people (18–29 years old), such as gender, smoking, and indoor environment characteristics; and (3) different types of neighborhoods influence their residents’ perception of health differently due to historical establishment, current population composition, and housing conditions. Our study provides new observations on neighborhood types, while agreeing with previous studies on the influences of gender and age. We contribute to the field by providing a more complex understanding of the mechanism by which people rate their own health, which is important for understanding the satisfaction of urban residents and the built environment in which they live.
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Li, Dandan, Yehua Dennis Wei, Changhong Miao, Yangyi Wu, and Weiye Xiao. "Innovation, Network Capabilities, and Sustainable Development of Regional Economies in China." Sustainability 11, no. 17 (September 1, 2019): 4770. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11174770.
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This paper studies the relationships between network capabilities and innovation development in the context of two types of innovation networks: scientific knowledge networks (SKN) and technological knowledge networks (TKN). Focusing on two types of network capabilities, namely acquisition capability and control capability, the paper uses spatial regime models to compare the impacts of multiple factors on different spatial regimes. The main conclusions are the following. First, as regards SKN, the political-administrative hierarchy has shaped the spatial evolution of acquisition capacity, forming a pattern consisting of three dominant cities (Beijing, Shanghai, Nanjing), three subsidiary cities (Guangzhou, Hangzhou, Wuhan), and multiple lesser centers (Tianjin, Chengdu, Xi’an). Moreover, high control capability cities are mainly clustered in the coastal areas, specifically, one monocentric city (Beijing) and two polycentric metropolises (Shanghai, Wuhan). Second, for TKN, cities with high acquisition and control also are mainly found in coastal areas, with Shanghai and Beijing dominating network capabilities. The model’s analysis confirms the positive effect of network capabilities on innovation development, especially in scientific knowledge networks, and the driver for regional innovation development appears to have shifted from global pipeline (globalization) to local buzz (localized talents). This paper concludes with suggestions regarding network capabilities’ potential to reduce regional inequality and achieve sustainable development of regional economies.
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Huang, Yu, Rui Shi, Jin Zhou, Zhiqiang Chen, and Peng Liang. "How Urban Residents Perceive Nature Education: A Survey from Eight Metropolises in China." Sustainability 14, no. 13 (June 27, 2022): 7820. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su14137820.
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“Nature education” has become a striking trend in the field of environmental and sustainable development education in mainland China in recent years, which is considered to be a powerful force to realize the 11th goal of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development, namely, “Sustainable Cities and Communities”. Chinese urban residents’ perceptions of “nature education” are fundamental to the success of “nature education” but we still know very little about it. This study aims to gather insights on the awareness, attitudes, and behaviors towards nature and nature education. In this paper, online questionnaires and random sampling methods were used. An online questionnaire survey was conducted among urban residents in eight representative cities in China, namely, Beijing (n = 313), Shanghai (n = 314), Guangzhou (n = 307), Shenzhen (n = 308), Chengdu (n = 206), Xiamen (n = 207), Hangzhou (n = 203), and Wuhan (n = 206). This study implied that Chinese urban residents are willing to accept nature education. There is a strong sense among the Chinese public in cities that living in harmony with nature, improving wellbeing through healthy and sustainable actions, and enjoying and protecting nature are desirable actions. However, respondents were slightly less likely to consider the emotional benefits and the development of social and functional (technical) skills as important elements of participating in nature education. The results also confirm that Chinese urban residents’ perceptions of nature education can be positively predicted by the individual’s relationship with nature and the individual’s experience related to nature education. These are important key messages for nature education organizations to communicate. The results of the study put forward some questions worthy of in-depth consideration for the development of China’s nature education, which can provide a foundation and direction for the further development of nature education in China.
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Trimble, Deana G., Kevin Welding, Katherine Clegg Smith, and Joanna E. Cohen. "Smoke and Scan: A Content Analysis of QR Code-Directed Websites Found on Cigarette Packs in China." Nicotine & Tobacco Research 22, no. 10 (May 24, 2020): 1912–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ntr/ntaa091.
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Abstract Introduction Quick Response codes, or “QR” codes, are used widely in China—for mobile payment, marketing, public transportation, and various other applications. In this study, we examined the content of websites linked from QR codes on cigarette packs collected in China. Aims and Methods In February 2017, 738 unique cigarette packs were collected from five Chinese cities (Beijing, Guangzhou, Shanghai, Kunming, and Chengdu) using a systematic protocol. Cigarette packs were coded for presence of QR codes on packaging. Packs containing QR codes were then scanned using the WeChat app. Websites sourced from QR codes were coded for required verification, website type, age- and health-related statements, engagement strategies, and marketing appeals. Results From the sample of 738 unique packs, 109 packs (14.8%) had a QR code on the packaging. The QR codes were linked to 24 unique websites of which 23 could be analyzed. All 23 unique websites were either brand-specific or social media websites; none focused on health or quit information. Of the 23 websites, only three (13.0%) websites had age-restricted site access and just six (26.1%) had any mention of health-related risks associated with product usage. Engagement strategies and/or marketing appeals were found on 20 (87.0%) websites. Conclusions The Chinese tobacco industry uses QR codes on cigarette packaging to link to web-based marketing content including social media recruitment, contests and giveaways, and product advertisement. It is important to understand where packs send consumers online and what messages they receive, and to consider QR codes on packaging when drafting policy. Implications Scanning QR codes in China is a commonplace activity. The authors are aware of no published studies on the role QR codes play on the marketing of cigarette packs, in China or elsewhere. This study demonstrates QR codes on cigarette packs can expose users and nonusers to cigarette marketing on interactive websites and protobacco social media pages, mostly without restrictive access or health warnings. This is an area that health authorities can consider regulating, given that this is a channel through which the tobacco industry can communicate with current and potential consumers.
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Han, Bing, Ziheng Wu, Chaoyi Gu, Kui Ji, and Jiangang Xu. "Developing a Regional Drive Cycle Using GPS-Based Trajectory Data from Rideshare Passenger Cars: A Case of Chengdu, China." Sustainability 13, no. 4 (February 16, 2021): 2114. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13042114.
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A drive cycle describes the microscopic and macroscopic vehicle activity information that is crucial for emission quantification research, e.g., emission modeling or emission testing. Well-developed drive cycles capture the driving patterns representing the traffic conditions of the study area, which usually are employed as the input of the emission models. By considering the potential of large-scale GPS trajectory data collected by ubiquitous on-vehicle tracking equipment, the objective of this study is to demonstrate the capability of GPS-based trajectory data from rideshare passenger cars for urban drive cycle development. Large-scale GPS trajectory data and order data collected by an app-based transportation vehicle was used in this study. GPS data were filtered by thresholds of instantaneous accelerations and vehicle specific powers. The micro-trip selection-to-rebuild method with operating mode distribution was used to develop a series of speed-bin categorized representative drive cycles. Sensitivity of the time-of-day and day-of-week were analyzed on the developed drive cycles. The representativeness of the developed drive cycles was verified and significant differences exist when they are compared to the default light-duty drive cycles coded in MOVES. The findings of this study can be used for helping drive cycle development and emission modeling, further improving the understanding of localized emission levels.