Relevant bibliographies by topics / Environmental objects

Academic literature on the topic 'Environmental objects'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 30 May 2022

Last updated: 31 May 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Environmental objects"

Aryal, Jagannath, and Didier Josselin. "Environmental Object Recognition in a Natural Image." International Journal of Agricultural and Environmental Information Systems 5, no. 1 (January 2014): 1–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijaeis.2014010101.

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Natural images, which are filled with intriguing stimuli of spatial objects, represent our cognition and are rich in spatial information. Accurate extraction of spatial objects is challenging due to the associated spatial and spectral complexities in object recognition. In this paper, the authors tackle the problem of spatial object extraction in a GEOgraphic Object Based Image Analysis framework taking psychological and mathematical complexities into account. In doing so, the authors experimented with human and GEOBIA based recognition and segmentation in an image of an area of natural importance, the Ventoux Mountain, France. Focus was given to scales, color, and texture properties at multiple levels in delineating the candidate spatial objects from the natural image. Such objects along with the original image were provided to the human subjects in two stages and three different groups of samples. The results of two stages were collated and analyzed. The analysis showed that there exist different ways to comprehend the geographical objects according to priori knowledge.

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Mikhaleva, Natal’ya V. "Contemporary View on Objects of Environmental Forensics." Theory and Practice of Forensic Science 16, no. 3 (November 4, 2021): 26–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.30764/1819-2785-2021-3-26-31.

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The article reviews the concept of the object of forensic science, which is essential for expert research and the identification of classes, genera, species, and subspecies of forensic examinations, as well as their classification.The author presents the objects of environmental forensics as generic objects, gives their definition, analyzes their properties and features. It is also shown that the objects of environmental forensics are divided into the actual objects of research and samples for comparative research. Furthermore, the researcher indicates the possible instances of the intersection of studies of environmental forensics’ objects with other examinations. Finally, the author emphasizes the necessity of compliance by a forensic ecologist with the limits of his competence in such cases.

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Ryzhenkov, Anatoly. "Subjects and Objects of Environmental Legal Relations." Legal Concept, no. 4 (February 2021): 100–109. http://dx.doi.org/10.15688/lc.jvolsu.2020.4.13.

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Introduction: the need to study the category “legal relationship” is generally recognized in the theory of law and state, as well as in all sectoral sciences. However, if the category “legal relationship” is sufficiently developed in relation to the “traditional” branches of law, then this issue remains relevant and new in relation to a fairly young branch of environmental law. The purpose of the research: to show the dynamics of development of modern doctrinal discussions on key issues of the theory of environmental law, namely, the categories of the subject and object of environmental legal relations. Objectives: to show the position of major Russian and foreign scientific schools on the theory of ecological legal relations; to identify the main scientific doctrine concerning the understanding of the subject of environmental legal relations; to consider the existing point of view on the category of the object of ecological relations. Methods: dialectical, system, logical, analysis, synthesis. Results: the dynamics of the doctrinal development of the concept of the subject and object of environmental relationship is investigated; the points of view of the leading environmental law schools of the CIS countries on the existing and prospective subjects of ecological legal relations are considered; the views of modern scholars regarding the recognition of climate as well as the person to be the subject of environmental legal relations are assessed within the category “the object of ecological relationship”. Conclusions: the paper argues that in the theory of environmental law, the categories “subject” and “object” of environmental legal relations are the most discussed today. The emergence of a new subject of environmental legal relations – “future generations”, mentioned in the legislation, seems to be justified. The paper presents a number of arguments in support of the existing proposals to expand the traditional list of the objects of environmental legal relations, with the addition of quasi-natural objects, agricultural ecosystem, climate, and many others.

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Foppa, Luciana, Fabiana R. Caldara, Rafael De Moura, Simone P. Machado, Irenilza A. Nääs, Rodrigo G. Garcia, Liliane M. P. Gonçalves, and Geyssane F. De Oliveira. "Pig’s behavioral response in nursery and growth phases to environmental enrichment objects." Spanish Journal of Agricultural Research 16, no. 3 (October 23, 2018): e0507. http://dx.doi.org/10.5424/sjar/2018163-12303.

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The objective of this research was to evaluate the effect of environmental enrichment on the behavior of pigs in nursery and growth phases. (i) Ninety animals (females, 65 days, 25 kg) were divided into three treatments (T1- Pen enriched with objects made of destructible material by the animal, T2- Pen enriched with objects made of non-destructible material by the animal, T3- Pen without environmental enrichment objects - control treatment) - in a completely randomized design and reference of the animals by objects of enrichment of different colors (red, blue or yellow). (ii) males, 25 days old, 7 kg were distributed in a completely randomized design with four treatments (cloves, garlic, alternating aromas and absence of control smells) and six replicates each. (iii) determine the appropriate ratio between the number of enrichment objects and the animals present in the animals (n = 138; females; 65 days; 25 kg) were distributed in three treatments, in a completely randomized experimental design (proportion of one enrichment object for each 1511 animals or 9 animals, respectively). Environmental enrichment objects made from destructible materials are more attractive to pigs. No preference for pigs for environmental enrichment objects of specific colors was observed. Environmental enrichment objects with garlic aroma had a repellent effect. No effect was observed of alternating perfumes in the animals retaining interest in the objects since the smell of garlic acted as a repellent. Thus, the proportion of one enrichment object for each 15 pigs is sufficient to avoid problems of dispute between the animals.

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Grosbellet, Francois, Adrien Peytavie, Éric Guérin, Éric Galin, Stéphane Mérillou, and Bedrich Benes. "Environmental Objects for Authoring Procedural Scenes." Computer Graphics Forum 35, no. 1 (October 26, 2015): 296–308. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/cgf.12726.

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Pesce, Joseph E., Renato Falomo, and Aldo Treves. "Environmental Properties of BL LAC Objects." Astronomical Journal 110 (October 1995): 1554. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/117628.

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Sysoeva, E. V., and M. O. Gelmanova. "Ecological technologies for environmental objects remediation." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 864, no. 1 (September 1, 2021): 012053. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/864/1/012053.

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Elekné Fodor, Veronika, and József Pájer. "Application of Environmental Information Systems in Environmental Impact Assessment (in Hungary)." Acta Silvatica et Lignaria Hungarica 13, no. 1 (June 1, 2017): 55–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/aslh-2017-0004.

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AbstractThe primary research aim was to explore the possibilities of transferring relevant data from information systems and databases required for practical environmental impact assessment. The necessary and adequate data content of environmental impact studies were defined according to legal regulations, expert recommendations as well as available impact studies. Furthermore, the data content of information systems pertinent to environmental impact analysis were investigated in view of data transmission. Disposing of the primary data required for impact studies, the classification of environmental objects (object class, object group, object type) was performed. Based on the latter, a pattern system design was completed; in the course of developing this, we defined the individual system overlays in the theoretical model, then assigned properties of the individual object types in the database model.

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Ashour, Reem, Tarek Taha, Jorge Manuel Miranda Dias, Lakmal Seneviratne, and Nawaf Almoosa. "Exploration for Object Mapping Guided by Environmental Semantics using UAVs." Remote Sensing 12, no. 5 (March 10, 2020): 891. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs12050891.

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This paper presents a strategy to autonomously explore unknown indoor environments, focusing on 3D mapping of the environment and performing grid level semantic labeling to identify all available objects. Unlike conventional exploration techniques that utilize geometric heuristics and information gain theory on an occupancy grid map, the work presented in this paper considers semantic information, such as the class of objects, in order to gear the exploration towards environmental segmentation and object labeling. The proposed approach utilizes deep learning to map 2D semantically segmented images into 3D semantic point clouds that encapsulate both occupancy and semantic annotations. A next-best-view exploration algorithm is employed to iteratively explore and label all the objects in the environment using a novel utility function that balances exploration and semantic object labeling. The proposed strategy was evaluated in a realistically simulated indoor environment, and results were benchmarked against other exploration strategies.

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Pelley, M. C., A. Lirette, and T. Tennessen. "Observations on the responses of feedlot cattle to attempted environmental enrichment." Canadian Journal of Animal Science 75, no. 4 (December 1, 1995): 631–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/cjas95-093.

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Twenty-four 9-mo-old Hereford steers were randomly divided into three groups of eight to determine if the steers would react to enrichment objects, and if one object would be used more than the others. The experiment design was a 3 × 3 Latin square consisting of three treatments, three groups and three periods of 2 wk. The results indicated that the steers did react (P < 0.05) to enrichment objects and preferred (P < 0.05) one object above the others. Key words: Beef cattle, feedlots, environmental enrichment

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Environmental objects"

Karmanska, Anna. "Environmental Assessment of Ukraine Emerald Network Objects in the Uranium Extraction Area." Thesis, National Aviation University, 2020. https://er.nau.edu.ua/handle/NAU/49667.

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Робота публікується згідно наказу ректора від 21.01.2020 р. №008/од "Про перевірку кваліфікаційних робіт на академічний плагіат у 2019-2020 навчальному році". Керівник проекту: доцент, к. г.-м.н. Дудар Тамара Вікторівна
Object of research: environment assessment of Natural Preserve Fund objects within the uranium mining area. Subject of research: the Natural Preserve Fund objects in the vicinity of uranium mining area. Aim оf research: Natural substances within the internal antigenic load, as well as exposed elements of the Emerald Network. Methods of research: The references to the creation of Emerald Network projects in the gloomy countries of Ukraine are very relevant today, using analytical and scientific work within the framework of a strong supervisory body, and its work on natural resources.Аnalysis of the creation of the Emerald Company facilities will help to evaluate the stations that require the Council of Europe to approximate the legislation of Ukraine, which seek to investigate the Berne Convention and its necessary recommendations and recommendations.

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Karmanska, Anna. "Environmental Assessment of Ukraine Emerald Network Objects in the Uranium Extraction Area." Thesis, National Aviation University, 2020. http://er.nau.edu.ua/handle/NAU/41531.

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King, C. M. "Living with environmental change in the endorheic oasis systems of the Northern Sahara." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2011. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:7abb8c24-c7ad-4daf-892d-21b98c2c7398.

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The oases of the northern Sahara illustrate the possibility that people and nature can work together to enhance life in a harsh and variable environment. This research investigates fifty years of experiences of living with environmental change in oasis systems, bringing together new data, archived environmental records and cultivators` observations. These are combined to gain insight into the environmental change processes, and the experiences gained by people through living with them in this regional context. Two detailed case studies deepen understanding of the socioeconomic dimensions and significance of these changes over the past two decades. The findings show how environmental changes constrained smallholders` traditional ecosystem management practices. Collective associations were weakened or disintegrated. National systems for environmental management and monitoring were overwhelmed. International recommendations for economic approaches to resource management and innovation to address water scarcity did not prove effective. On the other hand, instances where the international market transition appeared to be creating new opportunities for the restoration of common pool resource management were also identified. This investigation enabled a new perspective on the global dryland management debate to be generated in a context where research has most commonly been concentrated on national sectoral objectives for productivity and desert reclamation. Theoretical insights regarding the application of interdisciplinary research to understand environmental change, further research needs, and potential solutions are directly transferable to other regions where desiccation, salinization and groundwater degradation are accelerating due to climatic and global market-driven changes in land and water use.

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Wilkin, Teddy. "Environmental effects on great tit life-histories." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2006. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:f93e4bc9-4419-4713-b009-08ab98b8d950.

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Explaining variation between individuals is a central concept in ecology. Phenotypic variation is the product of genes, environments and their interactions. In contrast to genotypes which are fixed within individuals, environments vary considerably in time and space and have measurable effects on phenotypic quality between and within individuals. The aim of the current work was to identify environmental sources of life-history variation in a wild population of the great tit. The size of Thiessen polygons formed around c. 8000 nestboxes occupied over a 41 year period was used to estimate breeding density at the level of the individual. Linear mixed modelling showed that birds breeding in large territories laid more eggs and produced heavier fledglings that were more likely to survive to breed, than those in smaller territories. Systematic capping of territory sizes revealed that birds breeding in territories more than 2ha in size were unconstrained by density. This method of measuring individual density identified important relationships between density and life-histories and allowed for the accurate separation of other environmental effects usually confounded by density. For example, the life-histories and breeding density of woodland passerines often both vary with distance from the woodland edge. Using the Thiessen polygons to control for density we were able to independently examine edge effects on life-histories. Results confirmed higher density at edges and independently showed that birds near the woodland edge tended to lay smaller clutches of larger eggs later in the season, than birds away from the edge, probably due differences in habitat quality. A further use of Thiessen polygons was to determine the scale at which to measure oak availability in the vicinity of each occupied nestbox. Birds breeding in oak rich polygons laid larger clutches, earlier in the season and had heavier nestlings than birds in oak poor polygons, independently of density and edge effects. What's more, including oaks in life-history models, reduced or eliminated the effect of the Thiessen polygons, suggesting that density dependent life-histories are to some extent explained by reduced oak availability at high density. Clutch size, fledgling mass and recruitment were also found to correlate with local soil calcium. Analyses performed at several spatial scales found the greatest effect of calcium at scales of c.500m. This figure may indicate the average distance females were travelling to obtain calcium rich food during periods of high demands. That breeding environments strongly affect life-histories has been demonstrated by the above work. However, no correlations were found between natal environment and the subsequent life-histories of recruited individuals, probably due to high mortality in great tits, which favours current condition over any character that conveys benefits later in life. This result shows that long-term effects of rearing environments cannot be assumed as it depends on the life-history conditions under which they are found. The results of this study suggest a pervasive role of fine-scale environment variation in determining the life-histories of individual great tits. Moreover, the study demonstrates the efficacy of GIS to model such variation and applying it to explaining life-history variation in long-term databases.

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O'Hara, Sarah L. "Late Holocene environmental change in the Basin of Pátzcuaro, Michoacán, México." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1996. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:03490297-1dc7-4946-ab8c-8f9eaf03dcac.

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This thesis describes late Holocene environmental changes in the Basin of Pátzcuaro, Michoacán, Mexico. Using palaeolimnological evidence it is possible to conclude that the Basin of Pátzcuaro has suffered at least three episodes of disturbance within the last 3,600 years. A minor episode of erosion began about 3,500 years ago and is believed to have been triggered by the onset of sedentary agriculture within the basin. A second, more severe phase of disturbance, occurred between about 2,500 and 1,200 years B.P. during which time there was extensive degradation in the northern part of the catchment; widespread gullying is believed to have occurred at this time. The recent, most intense period of erosion began about 850 years B.P., coinciding with the arrival of the Purépecha in the basin. There is no evidence to suggest that degradation within the catchment intensified after the arrival of the Spanish 470 years B.P. However, a change in the style of erosion from predominantly sheet-wash to gully erosion occurred at approximately 400-500 years B.P. and may reflect the introduction of new agricultural techniques by the Spanish. Fluctuations in the level of Lake Pátzcuaro have been used to infer late Holocene climatic change. Prior to 4,000 years B.P. dry conditions prevailed. An abrupt change to wetter conditions occurred between about 3,600 and 3,200 years B.P. before becoming more arid. Wetter conditions between 2,500 and 1,200 years B.P. can be inferred from the lake sediment record. The driest period in the record occurred between 1,200 and 850 B.P. Fluctuations in the level of the lake over the last 600 years have been determined from historical records. The lake rose between 600 and 470 years B.P. and remained high until approximately 300 years B.P. after which time the lake level fell once again.

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Scotford, Eloise A. K. "The role of environmental principles in the decisions of the European Union courts and New South Wales Land and Environment Court." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2010. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:23d02748-1197-4f33-a6c6-b98fdbf7c5d1.

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The thesis is a comparative legal analysis of environmental principles in environmental law. Environmental principles are novel concepts in environmental law and they have a high profile in environmental law scholarship. This high profile is promoted by two factors – the high hopes that environmental law scholars have for environmental principles, and the increasing prevalence of environmental principles in legal systems, particularly in case law. This thesis analyses the latter, mapping doctrinal developments involving environmental principles in two jurisdictions and court systems – the courts of the European Union and the New South Wales Land and Environment Court. This doctrinal mapping has both narrow and broad aims. Narrowly, it identifies the legal roles in fact taken on by environmental principles within legal systems. Broadly, and building on this assessment, it responds to scholarly hopes that environmental principles (can) perform a range of significant roles in environmental law, including solving both environmental problems and legal problems in environmental law scholarship. These hopes are based on assumptions about environmental principles that have methodological weaknesses, including that environmental principles are universal and that they fit pre-existing models of ‘legal principles’ drawn from other areas of legal scholarship. The thesis exposes these methodological problems and concludes that environmental principles are not panaceas for pressing and perceived problems in environmental law. It does this by showing that the legal roles of environmental principles, which are significant in environmental law and its current evolution, can only be understood by closely analysing the legal cultures in which they feature. This is a conclusion for environmental law scholarship generally – while environmental issues and problems may be urgent and often global, legal analysis of the law that applies to those problems requires close engagement with legal systems and cultures, as they are and as they develop.

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Mehta, Dhvani. "The environmental rule of law in India." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2017. https://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:730202ce-f2c4-4d2f-9575-938a728fe82a.

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This thesis offers a new conceptual framework - the environmental rule of law - to describe weaknesses in the development of Indian environmental law, and uses this description to critique the dominant discourse on environmental institutional reform. A secondary framework-fragmentation is also used to supplement the analysis of Indian environmental law. Part I develops the conceptual framework of the environmental rule of law by considering the special challenges that the inherent polycentric and interdisciplinary nature of environmental law present for commonly understood rule of law values such as clarity, certainty and consistency. It also relies on Jeremy Waldron's conception of articulated governance to demonstrate that the rule of law is linked to the principle of separation of powers. This conception lays emphasis on the role of the three institutions of government - the legislature, the executive and the judiciary - in strengthening or weakening the rule of law. To determine institutional contribution to the rule of law, I develop three broad indicators to assess the legal quality of the instruments of each of these institutions of government. These indicators are: a) capacity of statutes to guide executive and judicial behaviour by goal-setting and balancing competing interests; b) the ability of the executive to make flexible yet reasoned decisions grounded in primary legislation; and c) the use of statutory interpretation and consistent standards of judicial review by the courts as they give effect to environmental rights and principles. Through the use of case studies in Part II that span environmental impact assessment, forest conservation, and indigenous rights, I demonstrate that the lack of adherence to these indicators produces a body of environmental law that is fragmented i.e. one characterised by multiple overlapping yet self-contained legal regimes with conflicting provisions and the absence of unifying norms. In Part III, I use this understanding of fragmentation to critically analyse environmental legal and institutional reform proposals. I show that existing proposals address only the structure, rather than the process of functioning of the institutions of government. The rule of law framework that I develop also has potential for application to other areas of the law.

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Hadfield, Ruth M. "Studies on the genetic and environmental basis of endometriosis." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1999. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:e55c6bc0-80f0-4622-b8d3-d50e2af39f10.

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There is now considerable evidence that endometriosis is likely to be a complex multifactorial trait, such as diabetes or asthma, in which a number of susceptibility loci interact with each other, and the environment, to produce the disease phenotype. This thesis presents studies on the genetic and environmental basis of endometriosis in both a non-human primate model and in women. The study of the autopsy records of 399 female rhesus monkeys identified 81 (20%) with spontaneous endometriosis. Age, exposure to ≥ 3 oestradiol implants (relative risk 9.7, P < 0.001) or ≥ 1 hysterotomy (relative risk 5.8, P = 0.006) were significant risk factors as determined by conditional logistic regression. Living descendants of the affected animals had MRI scans which suggested that 8/113 (7%) had at least one endometriotic lesion >1 cm in diameter. Segregation analysis was conducted on the resulting 12 pedigrees, which contained 64 half sib-pairs, 2 full sibpairs and 11 mother-daughter pairs. Human, affected sib-pairs and families were recruited for the OXEGENE study to conduct sib-pair analysis using microsatellite markers at 10cM resolution across the entire genome. MRI studies of the first-degree relatives of women with rAFS stage III-IV disease estimated that the relative risk (λ_R) may be as high as 14 (95% Cl 4.8 - 30.3). Candidate gene studies, comparing the frequency of the GALT N314D polymorphism, the CYP1A1 MspI polymorphism and the GSTM1 and T1 null mutations in two case groups, with either sporadic disease or a family history of endometriosis, and two control groups, did not show evidence of association. Linkage analysis using three microsatellite markers and 50 affected sib-pairs in the region to which GSTM1 maps (1p13) did not show evidence of linkage to this region. However, there was an apparent relationship between the presence of both the GSTM1 null mutation and the CYP1A1 MspI polymorphism and an increased risk of endometriosis. The initial findings of a sib-pair analysis, using 29 microsatellite markers across chromosome one in 128 affected sib-pairs, did not reveal evidence of linkage. These findings provide some insight into the aetiology of endometriosis in women.

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Palmer, Clare. "Process theology and the challenge of environmental ethics." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1993. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:7592ee99-6439-4bd9-82cb-a8d47077911a.

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The aim of this thesis is to examine process theology in the light of questions raised by environmental issues. To facilitate this study, different approaches to the nonhuman natural world developed in environmental philosophy - in particular in environmental ethics - are compared with the work of process theologians. The primary focus is on the systems of A.N.Whitehead and Charles Hartshorne, but John Cobb, Jay McDaniel and Daniel Dombrowski are also considered. In Chapter 1, the derivation of value and the formation of ethics in process thinking is examined, and its ethical methodology and content compared with classical utilitarianism and more recent consequentialist approaches to the nonhuman natural world. Ensuing problems including justice, replaceability, the identification of value with experience and the subjectivity of value judgments are considered. In Chapter 2, process ethics is compared with deontological approaches to environmental ethics which focus on the value of individual organisms and natural objects: in particular, the work of Paul Taylor. Problems generated by egalitarianism, individualism and the inability to affirm environmental restitution are examined. The capacity of process thinking to resist such criticisms is assessed. Collective consequentialist ethical approaches to the environment, characterized by Aldo Leopold and J.Baird Callicott, are laid alongside process ethics in Chapter 3. This raises questions concerning the nature of species and ecosystems, and the use of metaphors such as organism, community and society to describe them. The focus moves in Chapter 4 onto a comparison of the metaphysics and ethics of the Deep Ecology movement with that of process theology. This comparison concentrates on two main themes: attitudes to 'holism' and to the 'extension and realization of the self'. Finally, the question whether process theology should reform itself as a better response to environmental ethics is examined. Some suggestions about possible reformation are proffered, but it is tentatively concluded that process thinking is an inappropriate basis for environmental philosophy.

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Webersik, Christian. "Reinterpreting environmental scarcity and conflict : evidence from Somalia." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2005. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:24a25a02-75f2-4070-b39f-f9baba51bd12.

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The thesis explores links between resources and conflict in contemporary Somalia. The central research questions were: Why did a society which is believed to be resilient and adaptive to its harsh environment become vulnerable? To what extent did environmental factors contribute to the emergence of conflict? How can natural resource scarcity and abundance be related to the existence of, or potential for, violent conflict, bearing in mind the historical, political, economic and cultural context of conflict? Can other determining factors such as power-relations, access to trade, or clan affiliation be linked to lower economic, institutional, and social performance and associated with higher levels of violent conflict? If a link can be made, this will help to forecast where conflict might take place. Because Somalia is largely an arid country, highly susceptible to natural disasters, and because its people have been victims of severe famine in recent decades, my starting point for this research was to investigate literature on the supposed environmental causes of conflict. Analysis of the literature which links environmental degradation and scarcity to state-collapse or civil war suggested, however, that such linkages are problematic. I argue instead that people engage in violent conflict in Somalia because they struggle to establish control over valuable resources. These resources are likely to be renewables, such as cash crops in the form of plantations in riverine areas, cereals in the Bay region, and charcoal in the coastal region of Brawa. Conflict arose over the struggle to monopolise these resources, and over the distribution of profits. Clan leaders sought to expand a source of 'tax' revenue by controlling trade networks, seaports and airports. This general approach may explain why southern Somalia has experienced continuous insecurity over the past decade.

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Books on the topic "Environmental objects"

Lysova, Ekaterina, Oksana Paramonova, Natal'ya Samarskaya, and Natal'ya Yudina. Environmental monitoring. ru: INFRA-M Academic Publishing LLC., 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/1069167.

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Outlines General environmental monitoring. Special attention is paid to the monitoring of atmospheric air, water objects, soil-ecological monitoring and biodiversity monitoring. Can be useful for students studying in areas of training 20.03.01 "Technospheric security", specialization "environmental Protection and resource saving", "Engineering protection of environment", as well as for professionals in the field of environmental protection.

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The spirit of design: Objects, environment, and meaning. Washington, DC: Earthscan, 2011.

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Budden, Albert. Allergies and aliens: The visitation experience : an environmental health issue. (Great Britain): Discovery Times Press, 1994.

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Sheng tai she hui de huan jing fa bao hu dui xiang yan jiu: On objects of protection of environmental law in the ecological society. Beijing: Zhongguo fa zhi chu ban she chu ban, 2006.

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Pustovaya, Larisa, and Besik Meshi. Methods and devices of environmental control. Environmental monitoring. ru: INFRA-M Academic Publishing LLC., 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/1058966.

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The textbook is designed to meet the need for a highly specialized set of professional knowledge necessary for the training of highly qualified personnel of environmental specialties. The presented material allows us to get an idea of the organization and effective implementation of environmental monitoring, the organization of industrial environmental control and management, the analysis of characteristics and changes of objects of economic activity using the necessary methods and means of such research. The basic principles of sampling and sample preparation, modern methods and means of environmental monitoring, the basics of metrological and laboratory-analytical support for environmental control are described. The training material is accompanied by up-to-date references to the current legislative framework of the Russian Federation. Meets the requirements of the federal state educational standards of higher education of the latest generation and the current bachelor's degree program in the areas of training "Technosphere Safety", "Biotechnical systems and Technologies". It can be useful and interesting for students, undergraduates, postgraduates, as well as teachers specializing in environmental safety.

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Guide to environmental protection of collections. Madison, Conn: Sound View Press, 1991.

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Forde, Donnacha. Distributed & Interoperable Objects: Object Orientation in Heterogenous, Distributed Environments. London: University of East London, 1995.

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Hatchfield, Pamela. Formaldehyde: How great is the danger to museum collections? [Cambridge, Ma: Harvard University Art Museums], 1985.

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Hatchfield, Pamela. Formaldehyde: How great is the danger to museum collections? Cambridge, Mass: Center for Conservation and Technical Studies, Harvard University Art Museums, 1987.

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Modeling objects and environments. New York: Wiley, 1989.

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Book chapters on the topic "Environmental objects"

Eliot, Christopher H. "Ecological Objects for Environmental Ethics." In Linking Ecology and Ethics for a Changing World, 219–29. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-7470-4_18.

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Dennis, Charles. "An Environmental Psychology Approach to Consumers’ Choices of Shopping Centres." In Objects of Desire, 169–84. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9780230509481_10.

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Frantzen, Lars, and Jan Tretmans. "Model-Based Testing of Environmental Conformance of Components." In Formal Methods for Components and Objects, 1–25. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-74792-5_1.

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Al-Zubi, Stephan, and Gerald Sommer. "Learning Deformations of Human Arm Movement to Adapt to Environmental Constraints." In Articulated Motion and Deformable Objects, 203–12. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/11789239_21.

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Occhipinti, Susanna. "Geoparks and Geo-Sites: Geological “Learning Objects”." In Advances in Geographical and Environmental Sciences, 205–23. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-4956-4_12.

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Lo, Pei-Yu, Sheng-Wen Shih, Jen-Chang Liu, and Jen-Shin Hong. "Automatically Detecting Protruding Objects When Shooting Environmental Portraits." In Computer Vision – ACCV 2010 Workshops, 132–41. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-22819-3_14.

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Brauch, Hans Günter. "Securitization of Space and Referent Objects." In Hexagon Series on Human and Environmental Security and Peace, 323–44. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-75977-5_22.

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Bolshov, M. A., V. Koloshnikov, C. Boutron, C. Patterson, and N. Barkov. "Determination of Toxic Metals in Environmental Objects by Laser Excited Atomic Fluorescence Spectrometry." In Optoelectronics for Environmental Science, 185–97. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4684-5895-4_16.

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El-Sharnouby, Hoda. "The Changing Role of Environmental Science in Archaeological Research in Copenhagen." In Objects, Environment, and Everyday Life in Medieval Europe, 261–77. Turnhout: Brepols Publishers, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1484/m.hdl-eb.5.109546.

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Podobnaya, Elena, Dmitry Glazachev, Olga Popova, Vladimir Svetsov, and Valery Shuvalov. "Scaling Relations for Radiation Effects Due to Impacts of Large Cosmic Objects." In Springer Proceedings in Earth and Environmental Sciences, 569–77. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-31970-0_60.

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Conference papers on the topic "Environmental objects"

Daugėla, Ignas, Juratė Sužiedelytė Visockienė, Arminas Stanionis, Eglė Tumelienė, Urtė Antanavičiūtė, and Vladislovas Ceslovas Aksamitauskas. "Comparing Quality of Aerial Photogrammetry and 3D Laser Scanning Methods for Creating 3D Models of Objects." In Environmental Engineering. VGTU Technika, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/enviro.2017.182.

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Latest technologies are modern and productive, therefore they are increasingly becoming integral part of any engineering work. Information about real-world objects are collected very quickly and accurately using either spatial data of a terrestrial 3D laser scanners or photographic material obtained from unmanned aircraft vehicle (UAV). After processing data with special software three-dimensional spatial data of objects are obtained, which use is extensive. These data are needed for building facades measurements and inventory, construction, environmental studies, mining, archeology, civil engineering works and for building infrastructure modeling (BIM) systems that are currently being integrated in Lithuania. The result should ensure a high level of accuracy and quality. The article examines 3D modeling using different methods of the selected object. Systems characteristics, quality analysis of 3D models, recommendations and conclusions has been made.

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Konopko, Mariola, and Małgorzata Ewa Wysocka. "GPR Method as a Non-Invasive Method for Investigating Organic Soils Deposited under Designed Road Construction." In Environmental Engineering. VGTU Technika, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/enviro.2017.140.

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GPR method is a non-invasive technique for ground exploration which detects subsurface objects and assesses their presence, as well as provides information about the geological structure of investigation site. Ground penetrating radar method belongs to the group of geophysical methods as it uses electromagnetic waves. GPR technique takes advantage of the differences between the dielectric constants, specific for the material under analysis. One of the factors that are essential to record reliable data is a clear contrast between the dielectric constant of investigated object and its surroundings. One of the major advantages of GPR is that it does not damage ground surface as well as it is completely non-invasive and safe for the environment. Moreover, the method is particularly useful in the design and realisation process of linear objects, for among the multiple aspects of its utilization there is recognition of low-bearing organic soils. The discontinuous nature of traditional methods makes it difficult to precisely specify ground layering as well as accurately locate potential anomalies. The analysis carried out in this study shows that GPR technique can detect the boundaries of soil layers, which considerably simplifies ground assessment.

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Rzasa, Krzysztof, and Marek Ogryzek. "The Revitalisation of Historical Buildings as a Factor Shaping the Development of Sustainable Cities." In Environmental Engineering. VGTU Technika, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/enviro.2017.118.

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Many Polish cities have objects in them that have ceased to function in accordance with their intended use, for one reason or another. These are often post-industrial objects and former military facilities. As a result of the social, political and economic transformations that have taken place in Poland over the years after the Second World War, these objects have lost the meaning of their existence and functioning. Quite often such objects also have a historical character, which may, under Polish law, serve to hinder the possibility of them being reused. A well prepared revitalisation is often the only way for such objects to regain their earlier functionality, or gain a new one. Selected examples of the revitalisation of historic buildings located in Olsztyn (the capital of Warmia and Mazury, the Voivodeship in North-East Poland) were analysed by the authors in this article, and the effects of such actions, connected to the development of the city, were presented. The study included examples of the revitalisation of post-industrial objects and former military facilities. The analysis was performed in the years 2010–2016. The history and previous functional status of the tested objects were presented, as well as their present form and function. The authors have performed a comprehensive analysis of the compliance of new functions of objects with the idea of the sustainable development of the city. The results show the extent to which the analysed activities comply with the principles of sustainable development, in social, economic and environmental terms.

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Behr, André, José Cascalho, Hélia Guerra, Ana Costa, Manuela Parente, Andrea Botelho, Rosa Vicari, and Armando Mendes. "Re-Mar: Repository of Marine Learning Objects." In Workshop de Computação Aplicada à Gestão do Meio Ambiente e Recursos Naturais. Sociedade Brasileira de Computação, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5753/wcama.2021.15745.

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Current literature shows the lack of learning object repositories exclusively related to environmental education and that there is no predominant software. This paper presents Re-Mar, a marine learning object repository based on open source software. Re-Mar is a part of an effort to promote ocean literacy through educational content for students and teachers. The repository is supported by computational technologies to catalog and organize learning objects to retrieve and reuse. Our prototype shows that is possible to store, catalog, retrieve, and link learning objects to support environmental education and coping with learning objects lifecycle. This is the first step to future aggregation of linked data, ontologies, and artificial intelligence aspects.

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Yin Yun, Chen Bin, Zhou Bihua, Gao Cheng, Lu Feng, and Pei yu ling. "Study on infinite objects' scattering problems." In Proceedings. Asia-Pacific Conference on Environmental Electromagnetics. IEEE, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ceem.2003.238343.

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Yatsenko, Vitaliy A. "Biosensors based on photosynthesizing objects." In European Symposium on Optics for Environmental and Public Safety, edited by Annamaria V. Scheggi. SPIE, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.221747.

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Bobkowska, Katarzyna, Jakub Szulwic, Paweł Tysiac, and Patryk Ziółkowski. "GIS three-dimensional Modelling with geo-informatics techniques." In Environmental Engineering. VGTU Technika, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/enviro.2017.167.

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The integration issue of virtual models and geo-referenced database have a very broad spectrum of potential applications. Before the integration issue was on the cusp, it was quite problematic to combine three-dimensional models with the geo-referenced database. An integrated database contains a variety of data including such as object orientated data model and raster data. Within this paper, authors present an integration process aiming to make real virtual GIS database which includes the creation of structures, such as bridges, buildings, roads and terrain formations. To create a three-dimensional GIS model high-resolution satellite images/point cloud has been used. For 3D modelling and reconstruction purposes, The Blender program has been used since the software provides with quick workflow and userfriendly interface. As a result of this study authors concede that integrated techniques for three-dimensional GIS databases allow conducting easy as well as sophisticated operation in an efficient and non-time consuming way. The subject holds great promise for a future, current challenges focusing on new approaches for conjectures of spatial objects that will be used to boost the capabilities for automatic visualization.

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Len, Przemysław. "The Use Of Statistical Methods in Creation of the Urgency Ranking of the Land Consolidation and Land Exchange Works." In Environmental Engineering. VGTU Technika, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/enviro.2017.212.

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In the analyzes of the urgency of the land consolidation and land exchange works, and particularly in the spatial comparative analyzes it is helpful to use methods of multivariate statistics, which allows the determination of synthetic measure. Synthetic measures substitute the large set of attributes of the object with one aggregate variable, allowing ordering the analyzed objects (villages) in terms of the phenomenon in question of the urgency of carrying out the work of consolidation and exchange of land. The aim of the paper is to determine measures for the urgency of carrying out the works of consolidation and exchange of land according to the method proposed by Z. Hellwig and comparison of the obtained results with the results obtained using the zero unitarisation method (ZUM). The aim of the analyzes is to verify (check), how the use of different methods of aggregation of the same diagnostic variables affects the results of research. The subject of the research consists of 14 precincts located in the municipality Białaczów, in the Łódzkie voivodship region. To construct the synthetic measure for the urgency of carrying out the works of consolidation and exchange of land 5 groups of features characterizing the works related to consolidation and exchange of land were adopted.

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Trystuła, Agnieszka. "Concept of a Polish Database of a Multi-Dimensional Cadastral System with Particular Focus on Geo-Hazards." In Environmental Engineering. VGTU Technika, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/enviro.2017.247.

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The dynamic growth of contemporary cadastral systems depends on multiple factors, which include, e.g. economic policy of a given country and possibilities of implementing activities supporting innovation and transfer of new technologies. A modern cadastre should satisfy not only its leading functions, which include, e.g. fiscal, information, legal or record functions. It should also be oriented towards new challenges, including 3D geovisualisation, which will enable multidimensional visualisation of cadastral objects. New data visualisation methods will contribute to extending the existing functions of cadastral systems and to emergence of new functions, e.g. related to ensuring public safety as a basic aim of crisis management, being an important element of sustainable development. This paper presents a concept of a database of multidimensional cadastral system enabling, for instance, 3D visualisation of system objects, incorporating its known functions (e.g. fiscal, information or legal functions), and also a new purpose –support for crisis management. Additionally, the study indicates sources of data that should be used for this type of undertaking (e.g. flood hazard maps, maps of areas at risk of mass land movements, orthophotomaps).

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Maisondieu, Christophe, O̸yvind Breivik, Jens-Christian Roth, Arthur A. Allen, Bertrand Forest, and Marc Pavec. "Methods for Improvement of Drift Forecast Models." In ASME 2010 29th International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2010-20219.

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Over the past decades, various operational drift forecast models were developed for trajectory prediction of objects lost at sea for search and rescue operations. Most of these models are now based on a stochastic, Monte Carlo definition of the object’s initial position and its time-evolving search area through computation of an ensemble of equally probable trajectories (Breivik [1]). Uncertainties in environmental forcing, mainly surface currents and wind, as well as the uncertainties inherent in the simplified computation of leeway speed and direction relative to the wind are also accounted for through this ensemble-based approach. Accuracy of the drift forecast obviously depends to a large extent on the quality of the environmental forecast data provided by numerical weather prediction models and ocean models, but it also depends on the level of uncertainty associated with the estimation of the drift properties (leeway) of the objects themselves. The present work mostly focuses on this second aspect of the problem. Drift properties of objects can be described by means of their downwind and crosswind leeway coefficients, according to the definition of leeway as stated by Allen [2, 3]. Assessment of the leeway coefficients is based on a direct method, which requires measurements acquired during field tests. Such field experiments basically entail deploying one or more objects at sea and simultaneously recording the environmental parameters (namely wind speed and motion of the object relative to the ambient water masses, i.e., its leeway) as well as the object’s position while adrift for periods ranging from several hours to several days. Using this method, a large database providing leeway coefficients for more than sixty object classes ranging from medical waste to a person-in-water to small fishing vessels was compiled over the years by the United States Coast Guard (Allen [2]). More recently additional trials were conducted, which allowed evaluation of new objects, including 20-ft shipping containers. We present in this paper the methods and analysis procedures for field determination of leeway coefficients of typical search-and-rescue objects. As an example we present the case study of a 20-ft container and discuss results obtained from a drift forecast model assessing sensitivity of such a model to the quality of environmental data as well as uncertainty levels of some reference parameters.

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Reports on the topic "Environmental objects"

Clausen, Jay, Christopher Felt, Michael Musty, Vuong Truong, Susan Frankenstein, Anna Wagner, Rosa Affleck, Steven Peckham, and Christopher Williams. Modernizing environmental signature physics for target detection—Phase 3. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), March 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/43442.

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The present effort (Phase 3) builds on our previously published prior efforts (Phases 1 and 2), which examined methods of determining the probability of detection and false alarm rates using thermal infrared for buried object detection. Environmental phenomenological effects are often represented in weather forecasts in a relatively coarse, hourly resolution, which introduces concerns such as exclusion or misrepresentation of ephemera or lags in timing when using this data as an input for the Army’s Tactical Assault Kit software system. Additionally, the direct application of observed temperature data with weather model data may not be the best approach because metadata associated with the observations are not included. As a result, there is a need to explore mathematical methods such as Bayesian statistics to incorporate observations into models. To better address this concern, the initial analysis in Phase 2 data is expanded in this report to include (1) multivariate analyses for detecting objects in soil, (2) a moving box analysis of object visibility with alternative methods for converting FLIR radiance values to thermal temperature values, (3) a calibrated thermal model of soil temperature using thermal IR imagery, and (4) a simple classifier method for automating buried object detection.

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Clausen, Jay, Rosa Affleck, Christopher Felt, Michael Musty, Steven Peckham, Susan Frankenstein, Anna Wagner, Raju Kala, and Andrew Trautz. Modernizing environmental signature physics for target detection. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), July 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/41240.

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The objective of this study was to determine the effect of environmental phenomonology on the ability to detect buried objects and to provide a predictive capability of when targets are best detectable with IR sensors. Jay Clausen presented this material at the ERDC RD20 Conference.

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Clausen, Jay, Michael Musty, Anna Wagner, Susan Frankenstein, and Jason Dorvee. Modeling of a multi-month thermal IR study. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), July 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/41060.

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Inconsistent and unacceptable probability of detection (PD) and false alarm rates (FAR) due to varying environmental conditions hamper buried object detection. A 4-month study evaluated the environmental parameters impacting standoff thermal infra-red(IR) detection of buried objects. Field observations were integrated into a model depicting the temporal and spatial thermal changes through a 1-week period utilizing a 15-minute time-step interval. The model illustrates the surface thermal observations obtained with a thermal IR camera contemporaneously with a 3-d presentation of subsurface soil temperatures obtained with 156 buried thermocouples. Precipitation events and subsequent soil moisture responses synchronized to the temperature data are also included in the model simulation. The simulation shows the temperature response of buried objects due to changes in incoming solar radiation, air/surface soil temperature changes, latent heat exchange between the objects and surrounding soil, and impacts due to precipitation/changes in soil moisture. Differences are noted between the thermal response of plastic and metal objects as well as depth of burial below the ground surface. Nearly identical environmental conditions on different days did not always elicit the same spatial thermal response.

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Moorehead, Stewart. Unsettled Topics in Obstacle Detection for Autonomous Agricultural Vehicles. SAE International, December 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/epr2021029.

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Agricultural vehicles often drive along the same terrain day after day or year after year. Yet, they still must detect if a moveable object, such as another vehicle or an animal, happens to be on their path or if environmental conditions have caused muddy spots or washouts. Obstacle detection is one of the major missing pieces that can remove humans from highly automated agricultural machines today and enable the autonomous vehicles of the future. Unsettled Topics in Obstacle Detection for Autonomous Agricultural Vehicles examines the challenges of environmental object detection and collision prevention, including air obscurants, holes and soft spots, prior maps, vehicle geometry, standards, and close contact with large objects.

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Workman, Austin, and Jay Clausen. Meteorological property and temporal variable effect on spatial semivariance of infrared thermography of soil surfaces for detection of foreign objects. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), June 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/41024.

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The environmental phenomenological properties responsible for the thermal variability evident in the use of thermal infrared (IR) sensor systems is not well understood. The research objective of this work is to understand the environmental and climatological properties contributing to the temporal and spatial thermal variance of soils. We recorded thermal images of surface temperature of soil as well as several meteorological properties such as weather condition and solar irradiance of loamy soil located at the Cold Regions Research and Engineering Lab (CRREL) facility. We assessed sensor performance by analyzing how recorded meteorological properties affected the spatial structure by observing statistical differences in spatial autocorrelation and dependence parameter estimates.

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Clausen, Jay, Susan Frankenstein, Jason Dorvee, Austin Workman, Blaine Morriss, Keran Claffey, Terrance Sobecki, et al. Spatial and temporal variance of soil and meteorological properties affecting sensor performance—Phase 2. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), September 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/41780.

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An approach to increasing sensor performance and detection reliability for buried objects is to better understand which physical processes are dominant under certain environmental conditions. The present effort (Phase 2) builds on our previously published prior effort (Phase 1), which examined methods of determining the probability of detection and false alarm rates using thermal infrared for buried-object detection. The study utilized a 3.05 × 3.05 m test plot in Hanover, New Hampshire. Unlike Phase 1, the current effort involved removing the soil from the test plot area, homogenizing the material, then reapplying it into eight discrete layers along with buried sensors and objects representing targets of inter-est. Each layer was compacted to a uniform density consistent with the background undisturbed density. Homogenization greatly reduced the microscale soil temperature variability, simplifying data analysis. The Phase 2 study spanned May–November 2018. Simultaneous measurements of soil temperature and moisture (as well as air temperature and humidity, cloud cover, and incoming solar radiation) were obtained daily and recorded at 15-minute intervals and coupled with thermal infrared and electro-optical image collection at 5-minute intervals.

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Ross, Andrew, David Johnson, Hai Le, Danny Griffin, Carl Mudd, and David Dawson. USACE Advanced Modeling Object Standard : Release 1.0. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), September 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/42152.

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The U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (USACE) Advanced Modeling Object Standard (AMOS) has been developed by the CAD/BIM Technology Center for Facilities, Infrastructure, and Environment to establish standards for support of the Advanced Modeling process within the Department of Defense (DoD) and the Federal Government. The critical component of Advanced Modeling is the objects themselves- and either make the modeling process more difficult or more successful. This manual is part of an initiative to develop a nonproprietary Advanced Modeling standard that incorporates both vertical construction and horizontal construction objects that will address the entire life cycle of facilities within the DoD. The material addressed in this USACE Advanced Modeling Object Standard includes a classification organization that is needed to identify models for specific use cases. Compliance with this standard will allow users to know whether the object model they are getting is graphically well developed but data poor or if it does have the data needed for creating contract documents. This capability will greatly reduce the designers’ efforts to either build an object or search/find/edit an object necessary for the development of their project. Considering that an advanced model may contain hundreds of objects this would represent a huge time savings and improve the modeling process.

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Christie, Benjamin, Osama Ennasr, and Garry Glaspell. ROS integrated object detection for SLAM in unknown, low-visibility environments. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), November 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/42385.

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Integrating thermal (or infrared) imagery on a robotics platform allows Unmanned Ground Vehicles (UGV) to function in low-visibility environments, such as pure darkness or low-density smoke. To maximize the effectiveness of this approach we discuss the modifications required to integrate our low-visibility object detection model on a Robot Operating System (ROS). Furthermore, we introduce a method for reporting detected objects while performing Simultaneous Localization and Mapping (SLAM) by generating bounding boxes and their respective transforms in visually challenging environments.

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Nestor, John. Evolving Persistent Objects in a Distributed Environment. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, December 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada188924.

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Beguelin, Adam, Erik Seligman, and Michael Starkey. Dome: Distributed Object Migration Environment. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, May 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada281134.

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Academic literature on the topic 'Environmental objects'

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Contents

Journal articles on the topic "Environmental objects"

Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Environmental objects"

Books on the topic "Environmental objects"

Book chapters on the topic "Environmental objects"

Conference papers on the topic "Environmental objects"

Reports on the topic "Environmental objects"