Dissertations / Theses: 'Environmental monitoring network'

1

Grubinger, Michael, and Felix Strohmeier. "AUTONOMOUS ACQUISITION OF ENVIRONMENTAL DATA IN A GLOBAL NETWORK ENVIRONMENT." International Foundation for Telemetering, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/607597.

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International Telemetering Conference Proceedings / October 22-25, 2001 / Riviera Hotel and Convention Center, Las Vegas, Nevada
This paper presents the results of a feasibility study undertaken by the University of Salzburg (Austria), investigating the autonomous acquisition of environmental data in a global network. A suggested application which is used as the basis of this paper is a volcano monitoring system which would be able to track the activity of a volcano and act as a disaster warning system. The background Volcano observation data required for such a system is covered, before discussing the concepts for sensor data acquisition, storage and processing. A final analysis is then presented of the opportunities for the transmission by packet radio (both terrestrial and satellite).

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Narayan, Raghu B. (Raghu Bangalore) 1977. "Wireless sensor network for ground-water monitoring." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/84823.

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Thesis (M.Eng.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Civil and Environmental Engineering, 2002.
Leaf 78 blank.
Includes bibliographical references (leaves 76-77).
by Raghu B. Narayan.
M.Eng.

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Han, Wei. "Three-tier wireless sensor network infrastructure for environmental monitoring." Diss., Kansas State University, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/9183.

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Doctor of Philosophy
Department of Biological & Agricultural Engineering
Naiqian Zhang
A two-tier wireless data communication system was developed to remotely monitor sediment concentration in streams in real time. The system used wireless motes and other devices to form a wireless sensor network to acquire data from multiple sensors. The system also used a Stargate, a single-board computer, as a gateway to manage and control data flow and wireless data transfer. The sensor signals were transmitted from an AirCard on the Stargate to an Internet server through the General Packet Radio Service (GPRS) provided by a commercial GSM cellular carrier. Various types of antennas were used to boost the signal level in a radio-hostile environment. Both short- and long-distance wireless data communications were achieved. Power supplies for the motes, Stargate, and AirCard were improved for reliable and robust field applications. The application software was developed using Java, C, nesC, LabView, and SQL to ensure seamless data transfer and enable both on-site and remote monitoring. Remote field tests were carried out at different locations with different GPRS signal strengths and a variety of landscapes. A three-tier wireless sensor network was then developed and deployed at three military installations around the country – Fort Riley in Kansas, Fort Benning in Georgia, and Aberdeen Proving Ground in Maryland - to remotely monitor sediment concentration and movement in real time. Sensor nodes, gateway stations, repeater stations, and central stations were strategically deployed to insure reliable signal transmissions. Radio signal strength was tested to analyze effects of distance, vegetation, and topographical barriers. Omni- and Yagi-directional antennas with different gains were tested to achieve robust, long-range communication in a wireless-hostile environment. Sampling times of sensor nodes within a local sensor network were synchronized at the gateway station. Error detection algorithms were developed to detect errors caused by interference and other impairments of the transmission path. GSM and CDMA cellular modems were used at different locations based on cellular coverage. Data were analyzed to verify the effectiveness and reliability of the three-tier WSN.

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Koch, John R. "A hybrid sensor network for watershed monitoring." Diss., Rolla, Mo. : Missouri University of Science and Technology, 2008. http://scholarsmine.mst.edu/thesis/pdf/jrk4y8_09007dcc804f8fe6.pdf.

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Thesis (M.S.)--Missouri University of Science and Technology, 2008.
Vita. The entire thesis text is included in file. Title from title screen of thesis/dissertation PDF file (viewed May 27, 2008) Includes bibliographical references (p. 84-86).

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Iyiola, Samuel Oluwagbemi. "Moteino-Based Wireless Data Transfer for Environmental Monitoring." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2017. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc984271/.

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Data acquisition through wireless sensor networks (WSNs) has enormous potential for scalable, distributed, real-time observations of monitored environmental parameters. Despite increasing versatility and functionalities, one critical factor that affects the operation of WSNs is limited power. WSN sensor nodes are usually battery powered, and therefore the long-term operation of the WSN greatly depends on battery capacity and the node's power consumption rate. This thesis focuses on WSN node design to reduce power consumption in order to achieve sustainable power supply. For this purpose, this thesis proposes a Moteino-based WSN node and an energy efficient duty cycle that reduces current consumption in standby mode using an enhanced watchdog timer. The nodes perform radio communication at 915 MHz, for short intervals (180ms) every 10 minutes, and consume 6.8 mA at -14dBm. For testing, the WSN node monitored a low-power combined air temperature, relative humidity, and barometric pressure sensor, together with a typical soil moisture sensor that consumes more power. Laboratory tests indicated average current consumption of ~30µA using these short radio transmission intervals. After transmission tests, field deployment of a star-configured network of nine of these nodes and one gateway node provides a long-term platform for testing under rigorous conditions. A webserver running on a Raspberry Pi connected serially to the gateway node provides real-time access to this WSN.

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Spreeth, Gideon. "Design of a low power wireless sensor network for environmental monitoring." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/1606.

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Thesis (MScEng (Electrical and Electronic Engineering))--Stellenbosch University, 2008.
A WSN (wireless sensor network) consists of a collection of small, low power electronic devices that can sense their environment and communicate with each other in order to send data to a base station for logging and monitoring. Research done on WSNs has increased rapidly over the past few years, as the necessary RF hardware has become cheaper and smaller. The wealth of information and hardware available in this field has made it possible to design and deploy networks for a multitude of monitoring purposes, on almost any terrain, without an existing telecommunication infrastructure. This thesis presents research into some major aspects of WSNs and the implementation of a test system with wireless sensor motes, that can be used for environmental monitoring, conservation purposes, impact studies, early warning systems for floods, fires etc. The system also has a wide range of possible uses in agriculture, as more data and better control over crops can increase yield. The power constraint of sensor nodes is one of the biggest concerns, as batteries can be depleted quickly and render a system useless. For this reason, work was focused on reducing power consumption of the hardware by means of various methods. Power use was also simulated very successfully, giving a accurate way of predicting node lifetime with a variety of battery types. The system was implemented on the Tmote Sky hardware platform using the open source sensor network operating system, TinyOS.

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Khader, Abdelhaleem I. "Value of Information in Design of Groundwater Quality Monitoring Network under Uncertainty." DigitalCommons@USU, 2012. https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd/1325.

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The increasing need for groundwater as a source for fresh water and the continuous deterioration in many places around the world of that precious source as a result of anthropogenic sources of pollution highlights the need for efficient groundwater resources management. To be efficient, groundwater resources management requires efficient access to reliable information that can be acquired through monitoring. Due to the limited resources to implement a monitoring program, a groundwater quality monitoring network design should identify what is an optimal network from the point of view of cost, the value of information collected, and the amount of uncertainty that will exist about the quality of groundwater. When considering the potential social impact of monitoring, the design of a network should involve all stakeholders including people who are consuming the groundwater. This research introduces a methodology for groundwater quality monitoring network design that utilizes state-of-the-art learning machines that have been developed from the general area of statistical learning theory. The methodology takes into account uncertainties in aquifer properties, pollution transport processes, and climate. To check the feasibility of the network design, the research introduces a methodology to estimate the value of information (VOI) provided by the network using a decision tree model. Finally, the research presents the results of a survey administered in the study area to determine whether the implementation of the monitoring network design could be supported. Applying these methodologies on the Eocene Aquifer, Palestine indicates that statistical learning machines can be most effectively used to design a groundwater quality monitoring network in real-life aquifers. On the other hand, VOI analysis indicates that for the value of monitoring to exceed the cost of monitoring, more work is needed to improve the accuracy of the network and to increase people’s awareness of the pollution problem and the available alternatives.

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Ferdoush, Sheikh Mohammad. "A Low-cost Wireless Sensor Network System Using Raspberry Pi and Arduino for Environmental Monitoring Applications." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2014. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc500182/.

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Sensors are used to convert physical quantity into numerical data. Various types of sensors can be coupled together to make a single node. A distributed array of these nodes can be deployed to collect environmental data by using appropriate sensors. Application of low powered short range radio transceivers as a communication medium between spatially distributed sensor nodes is known as wireless sensor network. In this thesis I build such a network by using Arduino, Raspberry Pi and XBee. My goal was to accomplish a prototype system so that the collected data can be stored and managed both from local and remote locations. The system was targeted for both indoor and outdoor environment. As a part of the development a controlling application was developed to manage the sensor nodes, wireless transmission, to collect and store data using a database management service. Raspberry Pi was used as base station and webserver. Few web based application was developed for configuring the network, real time monitoring, and database management. Whole system functions as a single entity. The use of open source hardware and software made it possible to keep the cost of the system low. The successful development of the system can be considered as a prototype which needs to be expanded for large scale environmental monitoring applications.

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Abdou, Ahmed Abdallah. "An investigation of short range electromagnetic wave communication for underwater environmental monitoring utilising a sensor network platform." Thesis, Liverpool John Moores University, 2014. http://researchonline.ljmu.ac.uk/4543/.

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Current state of the art water communications systems rely on optical and acoustic propagation. But these have underperformed in many applications. Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) using radio communication underwater is state of the art. The frequency of operation and the antenna are the big challenges that if unlocked, will present many advantages. The aim of this research is to investigate short range electromagnetic wave communication for underwater environmental monitoring utilising a sensor network platform. Theoretical study and preliminary experiments have confirmed that ISM (industrial, scientific and medical) band at 433MHz was suitable for potable and freshwater communication. Traditional antennas have been constructed, tested and modelled in a High Frequency Simulator Structure (HFSS) but were found unsuitable for use underwater. A 433MHz bowtie antenna was modelled in HFSS and shown to perform well in both air and potable water without any matching circuit. The antenna was prototyped on a printed circuit board, waterproofed and tested successfully in a tank. Furthermore to eliminate RF crosstalk, a battery powered wireless transmitter that generated a carrier signal at 433MHz, was used successfully in the laboratory tank, and during experiments that were repeated in freshwater in Liverpool Stanley Canal. This range, in excess of 5m, was large enough to combine the bowtie antenna with off the shelf, low power transceivers operating at the 433MHz, and specific sensors to form a WSN for potable and freshwater applications. The contribution to knowledge is the experimental demonstration of reliable communication at 433MHz using a broadband antenna which unlocks the potential of underwater WSN applications, including applications in water quality measurement, using radio communication.

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Kridi, Douglas Santiago. "Monitoring thermic patterns in beehives via wireless sensor networks." Universidade Federal do CearÃ, 2014. http://www.teses.ufc.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=13059.

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nÃo hÃ
Swarming is the mass exodus of bees in a hive, whose most common causes are lack of food, stress, variations of humidity and especially high temperatures. Among the types of swarming, one in which the complete abandonment of the hive occurs has brought great harm to Brazilian beekeepers, particularly the Northeast. In the Northeast region, of great importance for the Brazilian beekeeping, and where high temperatures are common in most of the year, a large number of hives is lost due to the swarming through abandonment. In an attempt to mitigate this problem, we propose a proactive monitoring hives via a network of wireless sensors capable of identifying atypical heating indicative of a preswarming condition. By means of a sampling pattern obtained from the cyclical daily temperatures, we developed a predictive algorithm based on pattern recognition techniques capable of detecting the increase of temperature inside the beehive (microclimate) responsible for the typical stress bees culminating in swarming. Such a mechanism is also able to recognize and avoid sending redundant information over the network in order to reduce radio communication, thereby reducing costs of data transmission and energy.
EnxameaÃÃo Ã a saÃda em massa das abelhas de uma colmeia, cujas causas mais comuns sÃo a falta de alimentos, estresse, variaÃÃes da umidade do ar e principalmente as altas temperaturas. Dentre os tipos de enxameaÃÃo, aquela em que ocorre o abandono completo da colmeia tem trazido grandes prejuÃzos aos apicultores brasileiros, particularmente aos nordestinos. Na regiÃo Nordeste, de grande importÃncia para a produÃÃo apÃcola brasileira e onde altas temperaturas sÃo comuns na maior parte do ano, um grande nÃmero de colmeias Ã perdido em funÃÃo da enxameaÃÃo por abandono. Na tentativa de mitigar este problema, propomos aqui um monitoramento proativo de colmeias via uma rede de sensores sem fio capaz de identificar o aquecimento atÃpico indicativo de uma condiÃÃo prÃ-enxameatÃria. Por meio de um padrÃo de coletas obtido a partir do comportamento cÃclico de temperaturas diÃrias, elaboramos um algoritmo preditivo, baseado em tÃcnicas de reconhecimento de padrÃes, capaz de detectar o aumento da temperatura no interior da colmeia (microclima) responsÃvel pelo estresse tÃpico das abelhas que culmina na enxameaÃÃo. Tal mecanismo tambÃm Ã capaz de reconhecer e evitar o envio de informaÃÃes redundantes pela rede de modo a diminuir a comunicaÃÃo via rÃdio, consequentemente reduzindo custos de transmissÃo de dados e energia.

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Khouri, Chalouhi Elisa. "Structural Health Monitoring of Bridges using Machine Learning : The influence of Temperature on the health prediction." Thesis, KTH, Bro- och stålbyggnad, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-189772.

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A method that uses machine learning to detect and localize damage in railway bridges under various environmental conditions is proposed and validated in this work. The developed algorithm uses vertical and lateral deck accelerations as damage- sensitive features. Indeed, an Artificial Neural Network (ANN) is trained to predict deck accelerations in undamaged condition given: previous vibration data, air temperature and characteristics of the train crossing the bridge (speed, load position and load magnitude). After an appropriate training period, the comparison between ANN-predicted and measured accelerations allows to compute prediction errors. A Gaussian Process is then used to stochastically characterize prediction errors in undamaged conditions using train speed as independent variable. Recorded vibration data leading to abnormal prediction errors are flagged as damage. The method is validated both on a simple numerical example and on data recorded on a real structure. In the latter case, an appropriate algorithm was developed with the aim of extracting vehicles characteristics from the acceleration time histories. Together with this part of the algorithm for the pre-processing of recorded accelerations, the novelty of the developed method is the addition of air temperature to the input. It allows separating between structure responses that can be flagged as damage from those only affected by environmental conditions.

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12

Weston, Johanna Nadia Jean. "Quantification of nitrate sources and sinks using a water quality network in Morro Bay Estuary, California." DigitalCommons@CalPoly, 2011. https://digitalcommons.calpoly.edu/theses/634.

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Using an instrumented water quality network in Morro Bay Estuary, California from 2007 to 2010 (15 min sampling frequency), this study addressed the two objectives of constructing a nitrate budget and assessing the influence of sampling frequency on water quality parameters. These two objectives led to the submission of an original report of research (Appendix A) and a note (Appendix B) to peer-reviewed journals. The first objective was to characterize the high spatial and temporal variation in physical parameters and nitrate concentrations and to construct a nitrate budget quantifying sources and sinks of nitrate from the ocean, streams, and groundwater, as well as biological processes in the Estuary. Morro Bay Estuary was found to be a non-eutrophic system and a mean net exporter of nitrate, 327.15 t yr-1. Fifty-four percent of the nitrate export was attributed to nitrate sources and internal biological processing. Nitrate loading from streams contributed 37 % to the export of nitrate (124.01 t yr-1), while groundwater nitrate loading supplied a conservative estimate of 46 % of the exported nitrate (153.92 t yr-1), with a neap tide enhancement of the discharge. Denitrification, Zostera marina, and benthic macroalgae assimilation of nitrate were the dominant internal biological processes for removal and retention, but were only 35% of the total nitrate budget. The second objective was to investigate the impact of sampling frequency and sampling location on understanding dynamics in water quality by degrading a year time series of seven parameters from three water quality monitoring stations to sampling frequencies ranging from 15 minutes to 28 days. In Morro Bay Estuary, the semi-diurnal tidal cycle was the maximum component frequency driving the variability of temperature, turbidity, and dissolved oxygen concentrations. For these parameters, asymptotes were reached and sampling frequencies greater than six hours did not explain the additional variation in the parameters sampled. Whereas, salinity, turbidity, and nitrate concentrations lacked an asymptote, and decreased sampling frequencies led to increased estimated error. Sampling water quality parameters every 28 days can lead to mean annual difference of 30 – 140 % from 15 minute sample annual mean. We recommend sampling frequencies should be selected to oversample the tidal signal to at least hourly frequencies to capture diel cycles and episodic events that contribute significantly to understanding the variability in the estuarine physical and biological dynamics.

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LeBien, John. "Automated Species Classification Methods for Passive Acoustic Monitoring of Beaked Whales." ScholarWorks@UNO, 2017. https://scholarworks.uno.edu/td/2417.

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The Littoral Acoustic Demonstration Center has collected passive acoustic monitoring data in the northern Gulf of Mexico since 2001. Recordings were made in 2007 near the Deepwater Horizon oil spill that provide a baseline for an extensive study of regional marine mammal populations in response to the disaster. Animal density estimates can be derived from detections of echolocation signals in the acoustic data. Beaked whales are of particular interest as they remain one of the least understood groups of marine mammals, and relatively few abundance estimates exist. Efficient methods for classifying detected echolocation transients are essential for mining long-term passive acoustic data. In this study, three data clustering routines using k-means, self-organizing maps, and spectral clustering were tested with various features of detected echolocation transients. Several methods effectively isolated the echolocation signals of regional beaked whales at the species level. Feedforward neural network classifiers were also evaluated, and performed with high accuracy under various noise conditions. The waveform fractal dimension was tested as a feature for marine biosonar classification and improved the accuracy of the classifiers. [This research was made possible by a grant from The Gulf of Mexico Research Initiative. Data are publicly available through the Gulf of Mexico Research Initiative Information & Data Cooperative (GRIIDC) at https://data.gulfresearchinitiative.org.] [DOIs: 10.7266/N7W094CG, 10.7266/N7QF8R9K]

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Nicholson, Ann Elizabeth. "Monitoring discrete environments using dynamic belief networks." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1992. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.306008.

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Peng, Yang. "Smart sensing design for environment monitoring sensor networks." Online access for everyone, 2008. http://www.dissertations.wsu.edu/Thesis/Summer2008/y_peng_072208.pdf.

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Нааем, Хазім Рахім Нааем. "Моделі та методи розподілу мережевого ресурсу комп'ютерних мереж геоінформаційной системи екологічного моніторингу." Thesis, НТУ "ХПІ", 2018. http://repository.kpi.kharkov.ua/handle/KhPI-Press/34184.

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Дисертація на здобуття наукового ступеня кандидата технічних наук за спеціальністю 05.13.05 – Комп'ютерні системи та компоненти. – Національний технічний університет "Харківський політехнічний інститут", Харків 2018. Дисертаційна робота присвячена вирішенню науково-практичної задачі удосконалення методу розподілу мережевого ресурсу комп'ютерних систем геоінформаційної системи екологічного моніторингу, що дозволяє підвищити оперативність функціонування цієї систем за рахунок використання розроблених моделей та методів розподілу обчислювального ресурсу мережі. Розроблено метод ухвалення рішень по організації стаціонарних постів системи ГІС екологічного моніторингу, який у відмінності від існуючих враховує параметр, що визначає швидкість зміни рівня поточного забруднення, величину концентрації небезпечних хімічних речовин (ОХВ) і розу вітрів, характерну для цієї місцевості. Запропоновано модель трафіку передачі даних гібридної комп'ютерної мережі ГІС екологічного моніторингу, яка враховує злиття інформаційних потоків, що мають різні статистичні моделі та метод розподілу мережевого ресурсу гібридної комп'ютерної мережі ГІС за рахунок використання технології MIMO, що дозволяє на 12-15% понизити час, необхідне на доставку даних моніторингу. Розроблена модель програмно-апаратних засобів, використання якої враховує особливості безпровідній передачі даних від декількох джерел інформації у гібридної комп'ютерної мережі ГІС.
Thesis for scientific degree candidate of technical sciences in the specialty 05.13.05 – computer systems and components. – National Technical University "Kharkіv Polytechnic Institute", Kharkіv 2018. The dissertation is devoted to the solution of the scientific and practical task of improving the method of network resource distribution of computer system of the geographic information system for ecological monitoring, which allows increasing the efficiency of functioning of these systems by using already developed models and methods of computing resource distribution of the network. The structure of GIS for environmental monitoring is developed, its main sub-systems and interaction principles are defined. The structure of hybrid computer network for digital data transmissions proposed, which allows optimizing the process of data transmission for environmental monitoring. The method of making decisions on the foundation of stationary posts of GIS for environmental monitoring is provided, which, in contrast to the existing ones, takes into account the parameter that determines the alteration rate of the then-current pollution level, the magnitude of the concentration of hazardous chemicals (HAZCHEM), and the wind rose specific for the area in question. Also, this method takes into consideration that the difference of HAZCHEM concentration in space varies from point to point. The whole from the abovementioned allows localizing zones of potential pollution and severely reducing the number of specialized observation posts (by 10-15%). The data transmission traffic model is developed for the hybrid computer network (CN) of the environmental monitoring GIS. This model takes into account the merging of information flows, which have different statistical models. The use of the offered model allows shortening the computer network data transmission rate by 13%. The network resources distribution method for the hybrid computer network of the environmental monitoring GIS is developed through the use of MIMO technology, which allows reducing the time required for monitoring data delivery by 12-15%. The model of hardware and software has been developed, the usage of which considers the features of wireless data transmission from several information sources in the hybrid computer network of GIS, thereby allowing to reduce the package loss ratio and to increase the speed of data transmission for the hybrid CN of GIS. The offered efficiency enhancement models and methods in computer networks of GIS have been examined in simulation modeling and experimental studies, which have thereby confirmed the veracity and significance of the derived results. The developed software and hardware model for ecological monitoring GIS allows reducing dates of receipt, processing and analysis of the ecological data, improving veracity and quality of the received results, and ensuring information safety.

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Нааем, Хазім Рахім Нааем. "Моделі та методи розподілу мережевого ресурсу комп'ютерних мереж геоінформаційной системи екологічного моніторингу." Thesis, НТУ "ХПІ", 2018. http://repository.kpi.kharkov.ua/handle/KhPI-Press/34163.

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Дисертація на здобуття наукового ступеня кандидата технічних наук за спеціальністю 05.13.05 – Комп'ютерні системи та компоненти. – Національний технічний університет "Харківський політехнічний інститут", Харків 2018. Дисертаційна робота присвячена вирішенню науково-практичної задачі удосконалення методу розподілу мережевого ресурсу комп'ютерних систем геоінформаційної системи екологічного моніторингу, що дозволяє підвищити оперативність функціонування цієї систем за рахунок використання розроблених моделей та методів розподілу обчислювального ресурсу мережі. Розроблено метод ухвалення рішень по організації стаціонарних постів системи ГІС екологічного моніторингу, який у відмінності від існуючих враховує параметр, що визначає швидкість зміни рівня поточного забруднення, величину концентрації небезпечних хімічних речовин (ОХВ) і розу вітрів, характерну для цієї місцевості. Запропоновано модель трафіку передачі даних гібридної комп'ютерної мережі ГІС екологічного моніторингу, яка враховує злиття інформаційних потоків, що мають різні статистичні моделі та метод розподілу мережевого ресурсу гібридної комп'ютерної мережі ГІС за рахунок використання технології MIMO, що дозволяє на 12-15% понизити час, необхідне на доставку даних моніторингу. Розроблена модель програмно-апаратних засобів, використання якої враховує особливості безпровідній передачі даних від декількох джерел інформації у гібридної комп'ютерної мережі ГІС.
Thesis for scientific degree candidate of technical sciences in the specialty 05.13.05 – computer systems and components. – National Technical University "Kharkіv Polytechnic Institute", Kharkіv 2018. The dissertation is devoted to the solution of the scientific and practical task of improving the method of network resource distribution of computer system of the geographic information system for ecological monitoring, which allows increasing the efficiency of functioning of these systems by using already developed models and methods of computing resource distribution of the network. The structure of GIS for environmental monitoring is developed, its main sub-systems and interaction principles are defined. The structure of hybrid computer network for digital data transmissions proposed, which allows optimizing the process of data transmission for environmental monitoring. The method of making decisions on the foundation of stationary posts of GIS for environmental monitoring is provided, which, in contrast to the existing ones, takes into account the parameter that determines the alteration rate of the then-current pollution level, the magnitude of the concentration of hazardous chemicals (HAZCHEM), and the wind rose specific for the area in question. Also, this method takes into consideration that the difference of HAZCHEM concentration in space varies from point to point. The whole from the abovementioned allows localizing zones of potential pollution and severely reducing the number of specialized observation posts (by 10-15%). The data transmission traffic model is developed for the hybrid computer network (CN) of the environmental monitoring GIS. This model takes into account the merging of information flows, which have different statistical models. The use of the offered model allows shortening the computer network data transmission rate by 13%. The network resources distribution method for the hybrid computer network of the environmental monitoring GIS is developed through the use of MIMO technology, which allows reducing the time required for monitoring data delivery by 12-15%. The model of hardware and software has been developed, the usage of which considers the features of wireless data transmission from several information sources in the hybrid computer network of GIS, thereby allowing to reduce the package loss ratio and to increase the speed of data transmission for the hybrid CN of GIS. The offered efficiency enhancement models and methods in computer networks of GIS have been examined in simulation modeling and experimental studies, which have thereby confirmed the veracity and significance of the derived results. The developed software and hardware model for ecological monitoring GIS allows reducing dates of receipt, processing and analysis of the ecological data, improving veracity and quality of the received results, and ensuring information safety.

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Le, Borgne Yann-Aël. "Learning in wireless sensor networks for energy-efficient environmental monitoring." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/210334.

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Wireless sensor networks form an emerging class of computing devices capable of observing the world with an unprecedented resolution, and promise to provide a revolutionary instrument for environmental monitoring. Such a network is composed of a collection of battery-operated wireless sensors, or sensor nodes, each of which is equipped with sensing, processing and wireless communication capabilities. Thanks to advances in microelectronics and wireless technologies, wireless sensors are small in size, and can be deployed at low cost over different kinds of environments in order to monitor both over space and time the variations of physical quantities such as temperature, humidity, light, or sound.

In environmental monitoring studies, many applications are expected to run unattended for months or years. Sensor nodes are however constrained by limited resources, particularly in terms of energy. Since communication is one order of magnitude more energy-consuming than processing, the design of data collection schemes that limit the amount of transmitted data is therefore recognized as a central issue for wireless sensor networks.

An efficient way to address this challenge is to approximate, by means of mathematical models, the evolution of the measurements taken by sensors over space and/or time. Indeed, whenever a mathematical model may be used in place of the true measurements, significant gains in communications may be obtained by only transmitting the parameters of the model instead of the set of real measurements. Since in most cases there is little or no a priori information about the variations taken by sensor measurements, the models must be identified in an automated manner. This calls for the use of machine learning techniques, which allow to model the variations of future measurements on the basis of past measurements.

This thesis brings two main contributions to the use of learning techniques in a sensor network. First, we propose an approach which combines time series prediction and model selection for reducing the amount of communication. The rationale of this approach, called adaptive model selection, is to let the sensors determine in an automated manner a prediction model that does not only fits their measurements, but that also reduces the amount of transmitted data.

The second main contribution is the design of a distributed approach for modeling sensed data, based on the principal component analysis (PCA). The proposed method allows to transform along a routing tree the measurements taken in such a way that (i) most of the variability in the measurements is retained, and (ii) the network load sustained by sensor nodes is reduced and more evenly distributed, which in turn extends the overall network lifetime. The framework can be seen as a truly distributed approach for the principal component analysis, and finds applications not only for approximated data collection tasks, but also for event detection or recognition tasks.

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Les réseaux de capteurs sans fil forment une nouvelle famille de systèmes informatiques permettant d'observer le monde avec une résolution sans précédent. En particulier, ces systèmes promettent de révolutionner le domaine de l'étude environnementale. Un tel réseau est composé d'un ensemble de capteurs sans fil, ou unités sensorielles, capables de collecter, traiter, et transmettre de l'information. Grâce aux avancées dans les domaines de la microélectronique et des technologies sans fil, ces systèmes sont à la fois peu volumineux et peu coûteux. Ceci permet leurs deploiements dans différents types d'environnements, afin d'observer l'évolution dans le temps et l'espace de quantités physiques telles que la température, l'humidité, la lumière ou le son.

Dans le domaine de l'étude environnementale, les systèmes de prise de mesures doivent souvent fonctionner de manière autonome pendant plusieurs mois ou plusieurs années. Les capteurs sans fil ont cependant des ressources limitées, particulièrement en terme d'énergie. Les communications radios étant d'un ordre de grandeur plus coûteuses en énergie que l'utilisation du processeur, la conception de méthodes de collecte de données limitant la transmission de données est devenue l'un des principaux défis soulevés par cette technologie.

Ce défi peut être abordé de manière efficace par l'utilisation de modèles mathématiques modélisant l'évolution spatiotemporelle des mesures prises par les capteurs. En effet, si un tel modèle peut être utilisé à la place des mesures, d'importants gains en communications peuvent être obtenus en utilisant les paramètres du modèle comme substitut des mesures. Cependant, dans la majorité des cas, peu ou aucune information sur la nature des mesures prises par les capteurs ne sont disponibles, et donc aucun modèle ne peut être a priori défini. Dans ces cas, les techniques issues du domaine de l'apprentissage machine sont particulièrement appropriées. Ces techniques ont pour but de créer ces modèles de façon autonome, en anticipant les mesures à venir sur la base des mesures passées.

Dans cette thèse, deux contributions sont principalement apportées permettant l'applica-tion de techniques d'apprentissage machine dans le domaine des réseaux de capteurs sans fil. Premièrement, nous proposons une approche qui combine la prédiction de série temporelle avec la sélection de modèles afin de réduire la communication. La logique de cette approche, appelée sélection de modèle adaptive, est de permettre aux unités sensorielles de determiner de manière autonome un modèle de prédiction qui anticipe correctement leurs mesures, tout en réduisant l'utilisation de leur radio.

Deuxièmement, nous avons conçu une méthode permettant de modéliser de façon distribuée les mesures collectées, qui se base sur l'analyse en composantes principales (ACP). La méthode permet de transformer les mesures le long d'un arbre de routage, de façon à ce que (i) la majeure partie des variations dans les mesures des capteurs soient conservées, et (ii) la charge réseau soit réduite et mieux distribuée, ce qui permet d'augmenter également la durée de vie du réseau. L'approche proposée permet de véritablement distribuer l'ACP, et peut être utilisée pour des applications impliquant la collecte de données, mais également pour la détection ou la classification d'événements.

Doctorat en Sciences
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished

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Hari, Piyush. "Development of software architecture for environmental monitoring using wireless sensor networks." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/35083.

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Thesis (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Civil and Environmental Engineering, 2006.
Includes bibliographical references (leaves 53-54).
In this thesis, I describe the development of the software architecture for temperature monitoring using Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN). The goal of the software is to provide a means to remotely monitor and analyze temperature data in a closed environment. This architecture forms a building block to achieve the larger aim of energy management in built facilities. A 16 node wireless sensor network was set up to monitor ambient temperature at various locations in MIT. A console application was developed in the C# language to collect temporal sensor data and store it in a SQL database. The application also provides a management system for fire hazard warnings by sending e-mails and calling mobile phones. An ASP.NET web application is then developed to retrieve temperature data over Internet. The data is accessible in different formats-table, XML and visualized in graphical form. This application lets the user register their phone numbers and e-mails to be informed in case of a fire emergency or excessive heating/cooling. A mobile application is developed on top of the web application to increase the range of data access to handheld Internet enabled telephony devices such as mobile phones and PDAs.
(cont.) The web access is implemented in XHTML-MP with a .NET web service and J2EE web service client back end. A desktop application is then used to access the real time temperature data through a PC desktop connected to the Internet. Spatial representation of data is visualized by overlaying the temperature profiles with floor plans and maps of the buildings using GIS.
by Piyush Hari.
S.M.

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Bader, Sebastian. "On the lifetime and usability of environmental monitoring wireless sensor networks." Doctoral thesis, Mittuniversitetet, Avdelningen för elektronikkonstruktion, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:miun:diva-20046.

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Wireless sensor networks have been demonstrated, at an early stage in their development, to be a useful measurement technology for environmental monitoring applications. Based on their independence from existing infrastructures, wireless sensor networks can be deployed in virtually any location and provide sensor samples in a spatial and temporal resolution, which otherwise would only be achievable at high cost or involve significant work by humans.The feasibility of the usage of wireless sensor networks in real-world applications, however, is only maintained if certain technological challenges are overcome. Amongst these challenges, are the limited lifetime of the distributed sensor nodes, and user interfaces, which allow for the technology to be utilized in an efficient manner. Contributions to the solution of these challenges have been the objective of this thesis. After an analysis of the contributions wireless sensor networks can provide to the application domain of environmental monitoring, and the introduction to the restrictions, which are posed by a limited operational lifetime and low system usability, these issues are addressed at the system level of sensor nodedevices. The lifetime of sensor nodes, which is closely linked to the lifetime of the complete wireless sensor network, is addressed with regards to the energy efficiency of nodes, as well as the utilization of solar energy harvesting in order to increase the available energy resources. With respect to energy efficiency, an analysis has been performed of the contributions to the energy consumption of environmental monitoring sensor nodes, which leads to the desire to minimize the nodes' duty cycles and quiescent currents. A sensor node design is presented, which features energy efficiency as a key attribute by utilizingmodern semiconductor architectures. Moreover, an argument for the usage of synchronization-based, contention-free communication is made in order to reduce active communication periods and, thus, the duty cycle of a sensor node. A synchronization method with its focus on low protocol overhead is introduced as a basis for such communication forms. After an initial feasibility study in relation to using battery-less solar energy harvesting architectures in locations with limited solar irradiation, multiple architectural implementations are analyzed in a comparative manner. Among these comparisons is an analysis of short-termenergy storage devices in the form of double-layer capacitors and thin-film batteries, which provide prolonged component lifetimes than those for conventional secondary batteries, but which can only buffer for short periods of time due to their limited energy capacity. In order to be able to dimension such energy harvesting systems with respect to the individual application constraints at hand, state of charge simulations are proposed. Amethod for such simulations is presented and demonstrated for the implementation of an energy harvester model on a component basis. While the modeling in this manner is time consuming, the model can predict the state of charge of the energy buffer in the architecture with a high level of accuracy. Finally, a method for the systematic evaluation of solar energy harvesting architectures is presented. The presented method can be summarized as a solar energy harvesting testbed, which utilizes configurable energy harvesting circuits in order to create a deploy-once-test-many type of system. The output results of this testbed can significantly improve the efficiency of architecture comparisons and system modeling. Contributions to the improvement of the usability of wireless sensor nodes are made on two separate levels, namely, developer usability and end user usability. A method for the programming of sensor nodes based on hierarchical finite state machines is presented, which improves the usability of software development by creating familiarity for technically experienced users. Moreover, the utilization of finite state machine principles allows for the software to be developed in a systematic andmodular manner. As implemented applications typically require to be verified, which, in the environmental monitoring domain, usually results in outdoor deployments, usability considerations for sensor nodes are presented, which can simplify this process. Special attention has been paid in order for these improvements to be achieved with low overheads. While software development is a familiar concept for most system developers, this is not the case for the end users of these systems, who are typically domain experts. In order to allow for wireless sensor nodes to be operated by domain experts, a method for the configuration of sensor nodes has been proposed.The method uses a combination of graphical specification of the node behavior and a configurable sensor node. Theevaluation of this method, which has been based on a proof-of-concept implementation, demonstrated that the performance can remain high, while end users, without technical experience, are enabled to configure sensor nodes without prior training. In summary, the contributions, presented in this thesis, address system lifetime and usability with regards to the sensor node level. The results have led to the implementation of an energy efficient sensor node, which allows for the operation frombattery-less solar energy harvesting sources. Furthermore, support tools for the implementation of these nodes, both on the hardware and software level, have been proposed.

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Nergis, Damirag Melodi. "Web Based Cloud Interaction and Visualization of Air Pollution Data." Thesis, KTH, Skolan för elektroteknik och datavetenskap (EECS), 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-254401.

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According to World Health Organization, around 7 million people die every year due to diseases caused by air pollution. With the improvements in Internet of Things in the recent years, environmental sensing systems has started to gain importance. By using technologies like Cloud Computing, RFID, Wireless Sensor Networks, and open Application Programming Interfaces, it has become easier to collect data for visualization on different platforms. However, collected data need to be represented in an efficient way for better understanding and analysis, which requires design of data visualization tools. The GreenIoT initiative aims to provide open data with its infrastructure for sustainable city development in Uppsala. An environmental web application is presented within this thesis project, which visualizes the gathered environmental data to help municipality organizations to implement new policies for sustainable urban planning, and citizens to gain more knowledge to take sustainable decisions in their daily life. The application has been developed making use of the 4Dialog API, which is developed to provide data from a dedicated cloud storage for visualization purposes. According to the evaluation presented in this thesis, further development is needed to improve the performance to provide faster and more reliable service as well as the accessibility to promote openness and social inclusion.
Enligt World Health Organization dör 7 miljoner människor varje år på grund av sjukdomar orsakade av luftföroreningar. Med förbättringar inom Internet of Things under senare år, har betydelsen av system för miljösensorer. Genom att använda tekniker som molntjänster, RFID, trådlösa sensornätverk och öppna programmeringsgränssnitt, har det blivit enklare att samla in data för visualisering på olika plattformar. Men insamlad data behöver bli representerad på ett effektivt sätt för bättre förståelse och analys, vilket kräver utformande av verktyg för visualisering av data. Initiativet GreenIoT strävar mot att erbjuda öppen data med sin infrastruktur för hållbar stadsutveckling i Uppsala. I detta arbete presenteras en webb-tillämpning, som visualiserar den insamlade miljödatan för att hjälpa kommunen att implementera nya policies för hållbar stadsutveckling, och stimulera medborgare till att skaffa mer kunskap för att göra miljövänliga val i sin vardag. Tillämpningen har utvecklats med hjälp av 4Dialog API, som tillhandahåller data från lagring i molnet för visualiseringssyfte. Enligt den utvärdering som presenteras i denna rapport konstateras att vidare utveckling behövs för att förbättra dels prestanda för att erbjuda en snabbare och mer tillförlitlig service, och dels åtkomstmöjligheter för att främja öppenhet och social inkludering.

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Pitt, Luke. "Monitoring thermal comfort in the built environment using a wired sensor network." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2016. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/monitoring-thermal-comfort-in-the-built-environment-using-a-wired-sensor-network(88b0f2e2-e1a4-4d59-ba32-43995a5ed13a).html.

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This thesis documents a sensor networking project with an interest in internal environment monitoring in relation to thermal comfort. As part of this project sensor nodes were designed, built and deployed. Data was collected from the nodes via a wired Ethernet network and was stored in a database. The network remains operational several years after its initial deployment. The collected data was analyzed in conjunction with data from a local meteorological station and the building's smart fiscal energy meters. The analysis suggests the possibility of automated thermal comfort classification using data from a sensor network.

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Yang, Jue. "Design and Implementation of Large-Scale Wireless Sensor Networks for Environmental Monitoring Applications." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2010. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc28493/.

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Environmental monitoring represents a major application domain for wireless sensor networks (WSN). However, despite significant advances in recent years, there are still many challenging issues to be addressed to exploit the full potential of the emerging WSN technology. In this dissertation, we introduce the design and implementation of low-power wireless sensor networks for long-term, autonomous, and near-real-time environmental monitoring applications. We have developed an out-of-box solution consisting of a suite of software, protocols and algorithms to provide reliable data collection with extremely low power consumption. Two wireless sensor networks based on the proposed solution have been deployed in remote field stations to monitor soil moisture along with other environmental parameters. As parts of the ever-growing environmental monitoring cyberinfrastructure, these networks have been integrated into the Texas Environmental Observatory system for long-term operation. Environmental measurement and network performance results are presented to demonstrate the capability, reliability and energy-efficiency of the network.

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Wang, Xu. "Improvement of a three-tier wireless sensor network for environment monitoring." Diss., Kansas State University, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/18355.

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Doctor of Philosophy
Department of Biological & Agricultural Engineering
Naiqian Zhang
A three-tier wireless sensor network (WSN) was developed and deployed to remotely monitor suspended sediment concentration and stream velocity in real-time. Two years of field experiments have demonstrated the achievement of such capabilities. But several weak points emerged and required essential performance improvement and additional research on the radio propagation mechanism within the original three-tier WSN. In the original three-tier WSN, long time delay, potential data loss, and limited network throughput all restricted the network transmission performance. Upon the above issues, the transmission delay was reduced through shortening the raw data storage buffer and the data packet length; the data loss rate was decreased by adopting a mechanism using semaphores and adding feedback after data transmission; the network throughput was enlarged through the event- and time-driven scheduling method. In order to find a long-range wireless transmission method as an alternative to the commercial cellular service used in the original WSN, a central station using meteor burst communication (MBC) technology was developed and deployed. During an 8-month field test, it was capable of performing long distance communication with a low data loss rate and transmission error rate. But due to unstable availability of the meteor trails, the MBC network throughput was constrained. To reduce in-situ maintenance, over-the-air programming was implemented. Thus, programs running in the central station and the gateway station can be updated remotely. To investigate the radio propagation in densely vegetative areas, a 2.4 GHz radio propagation path loss model was derived to predict the short-range path loss from the path loss in the open area and the path loss due to dense vegetation. In addition, field experiments demonstrated that ambient air temperature, relative humidity, and heavy rainfall could also affect wireless signal strength.

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Darr, Matthew J. "Advanced embedded systems and sensor networks for animal environment monitoring." Columbus, Ohio : Ohio State University, 2007. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=osu1196199349.

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Cianci, Christopher Michael. "Distributed intelligent algorithms for robotic sensor networks monitoring discontinuous anisotropic environmental fields /." Lausanne : EPFL, 2009. http://library.epfl.ch/theses/?nr=4247.

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Thèse Ecole polytechnique fédérale de Lausanne EPFL, no 4247 (2009), Faculté informatique et communications IC, Programme doctoral Informatique, Communications et Information, Institut des sciences et technologies de l'environnement ISTE (Laboratoire de systèmes et algorithmes intelligents distribués DISAL). Dir.: Alcherio Martinoli.

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Tomasini, Olacir Cypriano. "Avalia??o de estrat?gia de sleepmode para rede de sensores sem fio aplicada ? monitora??o de ambiente." Pontif?cia Universidade Cat?lica de Campinas, 2018. http://tede.bibliotecadigital.puc-campinas.edu.br:8080/jspui/handle/tede/1068.

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Made available in DSpace on 2018-04-10T19:18:40Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 OLACIR CYPRIANO TOMASINI.pdf: 6590786 bytes, checksum: b6d94f63b6cd95a7ccae86495738c037 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-02-27
Funda??o de Amparo ? Pesquisa do Estado de S?o Paulo - FAPESP
Concern for the environment has intensified in recent years as a result of climate change and environmental disasters, requiring greater environmental awareness, together with the need to preserve the environment in an intelligent and sustainable way. Therefore the environmental monitoring appears with the purpose of evaluating and controlling possible environmental impacts, using for example a Network of Wireless Sensors - WSN. WSNs are an efficient means of tracking remote and difficult access sites that require monitoring for probable emergency conditions, such as landslides. In order to do so, we also used technologies that allowed the monitoring, control and collection of environmental parameters. The WSNF was installed in a location without the availability of wired power, using the wireless sensor node powered by a battery, charged by a photovoltaic panel. In addition, energy-saving strategies (SleepMode) were used via software to increase battery life. The results showed a WSNF capable of monitoring environmental quantities for long periods, since sophisticated algorithms were implemented aiming at energy saving, data processing and use of an application server for real time visualization of the data in graphic form. In this way, the technology proved to be efficient in meeting the proposal.
A preocupa??o com o meio ambiente intensificou-se nos ?ltimos anos em decorr?ncia das mudan?as clim?ticas e dos desastres ambientais, exigindo uma maior conscientiza??o ambiental, aliada ? necessidade de se preservar o meio ambiente de forma inteligente e sustent?vel. Logo a monitora??o ambiental aparece com a finalidade de avaliar e controlar poss?veis impactos ambientais, utilizando por exemplo uma Rede de Sensores Sem Fio ? RSSF. As RSSF s?o um meio eficiente de acompanhar locais remotos e de dif?cil acesso que necessitem de monitora??o para prov?veis condi??es emergenciais, como por exemplo deslizamentos. Para isso utilizaram-se tamb?m tecnologias que permitiram o monitoramento, o controle e a coleta de par?metros ambientais. Instalou-se a RSSF em um local sem disponibilidade de energia cabeada, utilizando-se assim o n? sensor sem fio energizado atrav?s de uma bateria, carregada por um painel fotovoltaico. Al?m disso, empregaram-se estrat?gias de economia de energia (SleepMode) via software para aumentar o tempo de vida da bateria. Os resultados mostraram uma RSSF capaz de monitorar grandezas ambientais por longos per?odos, uma vez que foram implementados algoritmos sofisticados visando a economia de energia, tratamento dos dados e utiliza??o de um servidor de aplica??o para visualiza??o em tempo real dos dados em forma gr?fica. Deste modo, a tecnologia se mostrou eficiente ao atender o proposto.

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Pease, Alexander N. "Virtualized network framework solution to collecting private research data NEMESIS Network Experimentation and Monitoring in Environments Safely In-Situ /." [Ames, Iowa : Iowa State University], 2009. http://gateway.proquest.com/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&res_dat=xri:pqdiss&rft_dat=xri:pqdiss:1464377.

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Mahfouz, Sandy. "Kernel-based machine learning for tracking and environmental monitoring in wireless sensor networkds." Thesis, Troyes, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015TROY0025/document.

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Cette thèse porte sur les problèmes de localisation et de surveillance de champ de gaz à l'aide de réseaux de capteurs sans fil. Nous nous intéressons d'abord à la géolocalisation des capteurs et au suivi de cibles. Nous proposons ainsi une approche exploitant la puissance des signaux échangés entre les capteurs et appliquant les méthodes à noyaux avec la technique de fingerprinting. Nous élaborons ensuite une méthode de suivi de cibles, en se basant sur l'approche de localisation proposée. Cette méthode permet d'améliorer la position estimée de la cible en tenant compte de ses accélérations, et cela à l'aide du filtre de Kalman. Nous proposons également un modèle semi-paramétrique estimant les distances inter-capteurs en se basant sur les puissances des signaux échangés entre ces capteurs. Ce modèle est une combinaison du modèle physique de propagation avec un terme non linéaire estimé par les méthodes à noyaux. Les données d'accélérations sont également utilisées ici avec les distances, pour localiser la cible, en s'appuyant sur un filtrage de Kalman et un filtrage particulaire. Dans un autre contexte, nous proposons une méthode pour la surveillance de la diffusion d'un gaz dans une zone d'intérêt, basée sur l'apprentissage par noyaux. Cette méthode permet de détecter la diffusion d'un gaz en utilisant des concentrations relevées régulièrement par des capteurs déployés dans la zone. Les concentrations mesurées sont ensuite traitées pour estimer les paramètres de la source de gaz, notamment sa position et la quantité du gaz libéré
This thesis focuses on the problems of localization and gas field monitoring using wireless sensor networks. First, we focus on the geolocalization of sensors and target tracking. Using the powers of the signals exchanged between sensors, we propose a localization method combining radio-location fingerprinting and kernel methods from statistical machine learning. Based on this localization method, we develop a target tracking method that enhances the estimated position of the target by combining it to acceleration information using the Kalman filter. We also provide a semi-parametric model that estimates the distances separating sensors based on the powers of the signals exchanged between them. This semi-parametric model is a combination of the well-known log-distance propagation model with a non-linear fluctuation term estimated within the framework of kernel methods. The target's position is estimated by incorporating acceleration information to the distances separating the target from the sensors, using either the Kalman filter or the particle filter. In another context, we study gas diffusions in wireless sensor networks, using also machine learning. We propose a method that allows the detection of multiple gas diffusions based on concentration measures regularly collected from the studied region. The method estimates then the parameters of the multiple gas sources, including the sources' locations and their release rates

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Hartung, Carl. "Design and implementation of a wireless sensor network for weather monitoring in wildland fire environments." Diss., Connect to online resource, 2006. http://gateway.proquest.com/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&res_dat=xri:pqdiss&rft_dat=xri:pqdiss:1435215.

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Pedro, Rui Filipe. "Performance management in virtualized and programmable network environments (NFV and SDN)." Master's thesis, Universidade de Aveiro, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10773/23472.

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Mestrado em Engenharia de Computadores e Telemática
More than tendencies and exploratory knowledge domains, there is a strong conviction in the industry that network function virtualization (NFV) and software-de ned network (SDN) paradigms came here to stay in the telecommunication services world. So that operators can surf the waves of change, they will have to signi cantly change their network architecture, their management mechanisms, and, simultaneously , their business model. This Master Thesis intends to contribute to the operators operation management mechanisms evolution, namely in the supervision/monitoring domains. More concretely, the work to be developed in this Master Thesis, will have as its main objective the evolution of the performance management platform (Altaia) from Altice Labs to the new networking paradigm based on the NFV and SDN concepts. It is also important to outline that the activities to be developed in the scope of this work, will be aligned in an international R&D project, nanced by the European Commission, covered by the H2020 5G-PPP program, that is SELFNET (A Framework for Self-Organized Network Management in Virtualized and Software De ned Networks). Altice Labs is one the participants in the SELFNET consortium, together with 10 more international partners. The project was a vast scope and intends to address Self-Organizing Network (SON) scenarios, and prediction over potential network and services prediction. It is in this context that the evolved version of Altaia will be introduced to the SELFNET project. This thesis proposes to develop the necessary tools to model, persist and perform real-time processing over network infrastructure data. More speci cally, this thesis developed: rstly the Raw and Aggregation Data Model, that uni ed both raw and aggregated data under a single model, secondly the Raw Data Loader, a component that receives network sensed data and transforms it so it can be persisted, lastly the Complex Event Processing Framework, a real-time processing framework for processing data using a dynamic rule-based approach. Out of what it was proposed no objective was left behind, all components were successful developed. The Raw and Aggregation Data Model, together with the Raw Data Loader, enforced SELFNET sensors to follow this model, thus unifying all sensed data under a known model. Moreover, the Complex Event Processing Framework was put into to place, with aggregation rules relative to the SELFNET Self- Protection use case, and is able to provide, in real-time, information about detected botnets around the underlying network. From the development of this framework a new component emerged, a Con guration Manager that manages data to be shared using distributed coordination services, used to apply dynamic rules over the Complex Event Processing Framework. This component is not only a contribution for SELFNET but as well as for Altice Labs. In a more high-level point-of-view, this task brought a new understanding about the role of network management tools for network operators and next-generation networks.
Mais do que tendências e domínios de conhecimento exploratórios, existe a forte convicção na industria de que os paradigmas da virtualizaçao das funções de rede (NFV Network Functions Virtualization) e das redes programáveis (SDN Software Defined Networking) vieram para ficar no mundo dos serviços de telecomunicações. Para que possam navegar esta onda de mudança, os operadores terão que evoluir significativamente a arquitectura da sua rede, os seus mecanismos de gestão e, simultaneamente, o seu negocio. Esta Dissertação de Mestrado pretende contribuir para a evolução dos mecanismos de gestão operacional dos operadores, nomeadamente no domínio da supervisão/monitoria. Em concreto, o trabalho a desenvolver no âmbito desta Dissertação de Mestrado terão como principal objectivo a evolução da plataforma de performance management (Altaia) da Altice Labs para o novo paradigma de rede baseado nos conceitos de virtualizaçao (NFV) e programabilidade (SDN). Importa ainda salientar que as actividades desenvolvidas no âmbito deste trabalho estarão enquadradas num projeto de I&D internacional financiado pela Comissão Europeia no âmbito do programa H2020 5G-PPP designado SELFNET (A Framework for Self-Organized Network Management in Virtualized and Software De- fined Networks). A Altice Labs e um dos participantes no consorcio do SELFNET juntamente com outros 10 parceiros internacionais. O projeto tem um âmbito bastante abrangente e pretende endereçar cenarios de Self- Organizing Networks (SON) em contexto NFV/SDN. Uma das ferramentas essenciais para cenários SON é a detecção e predição de potenciais anomalias da rede e dos serviços. E neste contexto que a versão evolução da da plataforma Altaia ser a utilizada no projeto SELFNET. Esta dissertação propõem o desenvolvimento das ferramentas necessárias para modelar, persistir, e realizar processamento de dados provenientes da infraestrutura de rede em tempo real. Mais especificamente, esta dissertação desenvolveu: primeiramente o Raw and Aggregation Data Model, que unificou ambos dados brutos e agregados num único modelo, em segundo o Raw Data Loader, o componente que recebe dados da rede monitorizada e os transforma de forma a serem persistidos, finalmente a Complex Event Processing Framework, uma estrutura de processamento em tempo real para processar dados usando uma abordagem dinâmica baseada em regras. Dos objectivos propostos todos foram desenvolvidos com sucesso. O Raw and Aggregation Data Model, juntamente com o Raw Data Loader, garantem que os sensors do SELFNET cumprem a especificação do modelo, unificando todos os dados de monitoria num único modelo. Alem disso, a Complex Event Processing Framework foi posta em execução, carregada com regras de agregação relativas ao use case Self-Protection do SELFNET, e e capaz de providenciar, em tempo real, informação sobre botnets detectadas na rede. Do processo de desenvolvimento desta framework, surgiu um novo componente denominado de Con guration Manager, que gere dados que são partilhados usando serviços distribudos de coordenação, usado para aplicar regras dinâmicas sobre a Complex Event Processing Framework. Este componente não foi apenas uma contribuição para o SELFNET mas também para a Altice Labs. Esta tarefa levou a que se percebesse qual e o papel das ferramentas de gestão de rede para as operadoras e para as novas gerações de rede.

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Battle, Kerissa. "Public Participation in Plant-Pollinator Conservation: Key Assessment Areas that Support Networked Restoration and Monitoring." PDXScholar, 2018. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/4228.

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Environmental problems are growing at a pace and scale that traditional research methods alone can no longer tackle. Innovative research models that utilize contributory, participatory and crowdsourcing methods are rapidly emerging to fill this gap. For these participatory efforts to be effective and sustainable, however, closer attention must be paid to key components that can promote coordinated action and sustainability. Through the lens of public participation in plant-pollinator conservation, I have, with rigorous social-ecological inquiry, offered three foundational assessment areas that can provide scientific support to this nascent field: accuracy, ecological significance and scalability. In the first study (Chapter 2), I explored a common concern about citizen science: that a lack of foundational knowledge, or familiarity with following scientific protocols could lead to inaccurate data collection. I evaluated the accuracy of plant phenology observations collected by citizen scientist volunteers following protocols designed by the USA National Phenology Network (USA-NPN). Phenology observations made by volunteers receiving several hours of formal training were compared to those collected independently by a professional ecologist. Approximately 11,000 observations were recorded by 28 volunteers over the course of one field season. Volunteers consistently identified phenophases correctly (91% overall and 70% during transitions) for the 19 species observed. Accuracy varied significantly by phenophase and species (p<0.0001). Volunteers who submitted fewer observations over the period of study did not exhibit a higher error rate than those who submitted more total observations, suggesting that volunteers with limited training and experience can provide reliable observations when following explicit, standardized protocols. Overall, these findings demonstrate the ii legitimacy of phenology observations collected by volunteers, an important finding for the increasing number of analysts relying on data collected by citizen scientists. In Chapter 3, I explored a common concern that restoration efforts implemented by the public may not have adequate ecological value. I addressed key ecological variables to determine how small-scale patches attracted pollinators and explored which of these variables might be best to prioritize for restoration efforts suited to public initiatives. This study demonstrated that in small-scale plant restoration sites, plant diversity and resource (nectar) availability significantly affects the abundance and diversity of pollinating insects. Specifically, the treatments which contained high-resource (nectar-rich) plant species increased pollinator abundance and diversity the most. Plant diversity increased pollinator diversity and abundance only in the absence of high-resource plants. Pollination facilitation was observed in high resource treatments, but varied among species. Competition for pollinators was observed in high diversity treatments but did not affect seed set for high-resource plants in any of the treatments. Together, these results suggest that managers or landowners who are restoring patches of native plants as habitat for pollinators should prioritize including species with high nectar production, and secondarily, a diverse mix of species if space and resources allow. In Chapter 4, I explored an emergent approach to public participation in regional community science initiatives (and networks) through an exploratory case study of the New York Phenology Project. I demonstrated that local organizations have the opportunity to utilize existing data aggregation platforms to activate regional collaborative alliances to achieve what is often challenging for large-scale contributory projects. I describe our hands-on experience of conceiving and launching a regional network and outline a model that could serve as a guide for catalyzing networks. Drawing on direct experience and interviews with network partners, I developed a description of key categories related to network node success, and a linked assessment tool that could be used to evaluate network node capacity and project outcomes. The assessment tool will be used to test preliminary findings in a more formal quantitative and qualitative exploration in future studies. In Chapter 5, I explored an exceptional long-term, community-level phenology data set that spans New York State, USA (1802-2017), and found interesting and significant patterns of phenological change over time. The data set provides statewide phenology and temperature data that extend further back in time than any previously known data set for the region, extending to years prior to or at the beginning of recent human-caused global warming. I found that most species are flowering and leafing earlier in recent years (2009-2017) than they did in the early 19th century (1802-1861). Plants are flowering 11 days earlier and leafing 18.8 days earlier, with some species flowering up to 27 days earlier and leafing up to 31 days earlier over that time period. Most of this change was driven by warming mean spring temperatures (MST) over that time; mean spring temperatures warmed by 1.0°C statewide (2.5°C in New York City) on average between the historical and contemporary periods. Seasonality, Life Form, and the interaction between Seasonality and Life Form explained variation in phenology among species. The large number of geographically distinct sites in this dataset permitted novel investigation into differential changes in phenology between urban and rural areas (urban areas have more advanced phenology than their rural counterparts) and between insect and wind pollinated trees by seasonal category (insect pollinated trees are showing more advanced phenology than wind pollinated trees in both early and late spring). This analysis has brought the efforts of a historical network into a modern context and has illustrated how organized long-term monitoring efforts can be valuable for ecological discovery. This combined work provides a diverse contribution to the field of public participation in monitoring and conservation efforts. While thorough and disciplined ecological theories drive the design of the research, I simultaneously strove to help meet the ongoing demand for useable, purposeful insights into how to support public efforts to restore plant-pollinator habitats, monitor key ecological dynamics such as phenology, and scale networks capable of collecting data that address issues of global change.

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Viljoen, Francois. "Sustainability indicators for monitoring tourism route development in Africa." Thesis, Link to the online version, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10019/729.

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Richerzhagen, Nils [Verfasser], Ralf [Akademischer Betreuer] Steinmetz, and Andreas [Akademischer Betreuer] Mauthe. "Transition in Monitoring and Network Offloading - Handling Dynamic Mobile Applications and Environments / Nils Richerzhagen ; Ralf Steinmetz, Andreas Mauthe." Darmstadt : Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek Darmstadt, 2019. http://d-nb.info/1184475938/34.

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Shelley, James Adam. "Monitoring and Evaluating the Influences of Class V Injection Wells on Urban Karst Hydrology." TopSCHOLAR®, 2018. https://digitalcommons.wku.edu/theses/3086.

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The response of a karst aquifer to storm events is often faster and more severe than that of a non-karst aquifer. This distinction is often problematic for planners and municipalities, because karst flooding does not typically occur along perennial water courses; thus, traditional flood management strategies are usually ineffective. The City of Bowling Green (CoBG), Kentucky is a representative example of an area plagued by karst flooding. The CoBG, is an urban karst area (UKA), that uses Class V Injection Wells to lessen the severity of flooding. The overall effectiveness, siting, and flooding impact of Injection Wells in UKA’s is lacking; their influence on groundwater is evident from decades of recurring problems in the form of flooding and groundwater contamination. This research examined Class V Injection Wells in the CoBG to determine how Injection Well siting, design, and performance influence urban karst hydrology. The study used high-resolution monitoring, as well as hydrologic modeling, to evaluate Injection Well and spring responses during storm and baseflow conditions. In evaluating the properties of the karst aquifer and the influences from the surrounding environment, a relationship was established between precipitation events, the drainage capacity of the Injection Wells, and the underlying karst system. Ultimately, the results from this research could be used to make sound data-driven policy recommendations and to inform stormwater management in UKAs.

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Park, Gyuhae. "Assessing Structural Integrity using Mechatronic Impedance Transducers with Applications in Extreme Environments." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/27719.

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This research reviews and extends the impedance-based structural health monitoring technique in order to detect and identify structural damage on various complex structures. The basic principle behind this technique is to apply high frequency structural excitations (typically higher than 30 kHz) through the surface-bonded piezoelectric transducers, and measure the impedance of structures by monitoring the current and voltage applied to the transducers. Changes in impedance indicate changes in the structure, which in turn can indicate that damage has occurred. Several case studies, including a pipeline structure, a composite reinforced aluminum plate, a precision part (gear), a quarter-scale bridge section, and a steel pipe header, demonstrate how this technique can be used to detect damage in real-time. A method to process impedance measurements to prevent significant temperature and boundary condition changes registering as damage has been developed and implemented. Furthermore, the feasibility of using the technique for high temperature structures and for condition monitoring of critical facilities subjected to a severe natural disaster has been investigated. While the impedance-based structural health monitoring technique indicates qualitatively that damage has occurred, more information on the nature of damage is necessary for remote structures. In this research, two different damage identification schemes have been combined with the impedance method in order to quantitatively assess the state of structures. One is based on a wave propagation modeling, and the other is the use of artificial neural networks. A newly developed wave propagation model has been developed and combined with the impedance method in order to estimate the severity of damage. Numerical and experimental investigations on 1-dimensional structures were presented to illustrate the effectiveness of the combined approach. Furthermore, to avoid the complexity introduced by conventional computational methods in high frequency ranges, multiple sets of artificial neural networks were integrated with the impedance-based health monitoring technique. By incorporating neural network features, the technique is able to detect damage in its early stage and to determine the severity of damage without prior knowledge of the model of structures. The dissertation concludes with experimental examples, investigations on a quarter-scale steel bridge section and a space truss structure, in order to verify the performance of the proposed methodology.
Ph. D.

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Mitchell, Christopher Mark. "A study into the use of digital portable radio networks for patient monitoring within a hospital environment." Thesis, University of Ulster, 1994. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.296402.

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Sendra, Compte Sandra. "Deployment of Efficient Wireless Sensor Nodes for Monitoring in Rural, Indoor and Underwater Environments." Doctoral thesis, Editorial Universitat Politècnica de València, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10251/32279.

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Existen muchos trabajos relacionados con el diseño y desarrollo de nodos sensores, donde se presentan gran variedad de aplicaciones. Las redes de sensores inalámbricos pueden facilitarnos y mejorar algunos aspectos de nuestra vida diaria. Es fácil, pensar que si este tipo de dispositivo es tan beneficioso para nosotros y para el entorno donde vivimos, su precio debería ser relativamente barato. Pero podemos comprobar que esto no es así. ¿Por qué estos dispositivos son tan caros? ¿Sería posible desarrollar dispositivos con las mismas capacidades y precios más económicos? ¿Cómo puedo fabricar mis nodos sensores de bajo coste? Esta tesis responde a estas preguntas y muestra algunas de las muchas aplicaciones que los nodos sensores pueden tener. En esta tesis hemos propuesto (e implementado en algunos casos) el desarrollo de nodos sensores para la monitorización del medio, a partir de dispositivos de bajo coste. Para la implementación de un nodo sensor, y en definitiva la red que une a todos estos nodos, es importante conocer el medio donde trabajarán. A lo largo de este documento se presentan las investigaciones llevadas a cabo para el desarrollo de sensores en tres ámbitos de aplicación. En el primero de ellos, se desarrollan dispositivos multisenores para la monitorización del medio. La aplicación de las redes de sensores inalámbricas al medio natural, precisa un estudio de cómo se ven afectadas las señales, en función de la distancia, vegetación, humedad del ambiente, etc. Focalizamos nuestros desarrollos en la verificación de incendios en zonas rurales y en el control de plagas en viñedos donde la detección precoz de estos eventos genera elevados ahorros económicos. También proponemos el desarrollo de una red de collares sensores para ganado domestico, que nos ayudará a reducir y prevenir en muchos casos, los ataques de lobos y hurtos de crías. Por último, dentro de este grupo, presentamos una red permite detectar anomalía de los materiales en edificios y red de sensores que nos permite monitorizar las personas mayores o deficientes, que se mueven junto con un grupo, en una excursión o actividad. El segundo grupo de aplicaciones, hace referencia a la monitorización de espacios en entornos de interior. Para ello hemos analizado el comportamiento de las señales inalámbricas en diferentes escenarios. Los resultados, nos han permitido extraer un nuevo método de diseño de las redes inalámbricas en interiores. Nuestro método, permite definir la mejor ubicación de los dispositivos de red y nodos sensores en interiores con un ahorro en el número de sensores del 15%. Por último, se presenta el estudio sobre las comunicaciones subacuáticas basadas en las ondas electromagnéticas donde analizamos la dependencia de las comunicaciones subacuáticas en agua dulce en función de la frecuencia, temperatura, tasas de transferencia de datos y modulación. Relacionado con el medio subacuático, presentamos 2 propuestas. La primera de ellas hace referencia a la implementación de una red de sensores para granjas marinas que nos permite reducir la cantidad de residuos depositados en el lecho marino y reducir el porcentaje de comida desperdiciada. La segunda propuesta es el desarrollo de dos sensores oceanográficos que nos permitirían controlar la cantidad de comida y heces depositadas en el suelo y controlar la turbidez del agua de manera muy simple y económica Todos estos desarrollos y propuestas, han estado precedidos por un exhaustivo estudio sobre los problemas energéticos que las redes de sensores inalámbricas presentan y las técnicas que pueden emplearse, para prolongar la vida útil de la red y mejorar su estabilidad.
There are many works related to the design and development of sensor nodes which present several applications. Wireless sensor networks can facilitate and improve some aspects of our daily lives. It is easy to think that if this type of device is so beneficial to us and to our environment, its price should be relatively cheap. But we can see that this is not true. Why these devices are so expensive? Would it be possible to develop devices with the same capabilities and lower prices? How can I make my low-cost sensor nodes? This dissertation answers these questions and shows some of the many applications that sensor nodes may have. In this dissertation, we propose (and implement in some cases) the development of sensor nodes for environmental monitoring, from low-cost devices. For the implementation of a sensor node and network which joins all these nodes, it is important to know the environment where they will work. Throughout this dissertation, we present the research carried out for the development of sensors in three main application areas. In the first of these areas, we present multisensor devices developed for environmental monitoring. The application of wireless sensor networks to the environment requires a study of how signals are affected depending on the distance, vegetation, ambient humidity, etc. We focus our developments on the fire detection in rural areas and on the control of pests in vineyards where the early detection of these events generates high economic savings. We also propose the development of a sensor network which will help us to reduce and prevent wolves¿ attacks and theft in livestock. Finally, within this group, we present a network to detect material anomalies in building and a sensor network which allows us to monitor the elderly or disabled people who move along with a group on a tour or activity. The second group of applications is related to the monitoring of spaces in indoor environments. For this, we analyze the behavior of wireless signals in different scenarios. These results allowed us to extract a new method for designing wireless networks in indoor environments. Our method allows defining the best location of network devices and sensor nodes indoors saving 15% of the sensors needed. Finally, we present a study on underwater freshwater communications based on electromagnetic waves, where we analyze the dependency of underwater communications as a function of working frequency, temperature, data transfer rates and modulation. Related to underwater environment, we present two proposals. First one refers to the implementation of a sensor network for marine farms which allows us to reduce the amount of waste deposited on the seabed and reduce the percentage of wasted food. The second proposal is the development of two oceanographic sensors which allow us to control the amount of food and feces deposited in seabed and the water turbidity control in a very simple and inexpensive way. All these developments and proposals have been preceded by a comprehensive study on the energy problems in wireless sensor networks. We have also presented several techniques which can be used to prolong the network lifetime and improve its stability.
Sendra Compte, S. (2013). Deployment of Efficient Wireless Sensor Nodes for Monitoring in Rural, Indoor and Underwater Environments [Tesis doctoral]. Editorial Universitat Politècnica de València. https://doi.org/10.4995/Thesis/10251/32279
Alfresco

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Rettig, Andrew J. "Design and Implementation of Affordable, Self-Documenting, Near-Real-Time Geospatial Sensor Webs for Environmental Monitoring using International Standards." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2014. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1416569746.

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Boubrima, Ahmed. "Deployment and scheduling of wireless sensor networks for air pollution monitoring." Thesis, Lyon, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LYSEI018.

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Les réseaux de capteurs sans fil (RCSF) sont largement utilisés dans les applications environnementales où l’objectif est de détecter un phénomène physique tel que la température, l’humidité, la pollution de l’air, etc. Dans ce contexte d’application, l’utilisation de RCSF permet de comprendre les variations du phénomène et donc être en mesure de prendre des décisions appropriées concernant son impact. En raison des limitations de ses méthodes de suivi traditionnelles et de sa grande variabilité spatiale et temporelle, la pollution de l'air est considérée comme l'un des principaux phénomènes physiques qui restent à étudier et à caractériser. Dans cette thèse, nous considérons trois applications concernant l’utilisation de RCSF pour le suivi de la pollution de l’air : la cartographie en temps réel de la qualité de l’air, la détection de dépassements de seuils des polluants et la correction de modèles physiques qui simulent le phénomène de dispersion de la pollution. Toutes ces applications nécessitent de déployer et d’ordonnancer minutieusement les capteurs afin de mieux comprendre la pollution atmosphérique tout en garantissant un coût de déploiement minimal et en maximisant la durée de vie du réseau. Notre objectif est de résoudre les problèmes de déploiement et d'ordonnancement tout en tenant compte des caractéristiques spécifiques du phénomène de la pollution de l’air. Nous proposons pour chaque cas d'application une approche efficace pour le déploiement de noeuds capteurs et puits. Nous proposons également une approche d’ordonnancement adaptée au cas de la correction de modèles physiques. Nos approches d'optimisation prennent en compte la nature physique de la pollution atmosphérique et intègrent les données réelles fournies par les plateformes existantes de suivi de la qualité de l’air. Dans chacune de nos approches d’optimisation, nous utilisons la programmation linéaire en nombres entiers pour concevoir des modèles d’optimisation adaptés à la résolution de petites et moyennes instances. Pour traiter les grandes instances, nous proposons des heuristiques en utilisant des techniques de relaxation linéaire. Outre nos travaux théoriques sur le suivi de la pollution atmosphérique, nous avons conçu et déployé dans la ville de Lyon un réseau de capteurs de pollution économe en énergie. Sur la base des caractéristiques de notre système et des jeux de données de la pollution atmosphérique, nous avons évalué l’efficacité de nos approches de déploiement et d’ordonnancement. Nous présentons et discutons dans cette thèse les résultats d'évaluation de performances ainsi que des lignes directrices pour la conception de systèmes de suivi de la pollution de l’air. Parmi nos principales conclusions, nous soulignons le fait que la taille optimale du réseau de capteurs dépend du degré de variation des concentrations de pollution dans la région de déploiement
Wireless sensor networks (WSN) are widely used in environmental applications where the aim is to sense a physical phenomenon such as temperature, humidity, air pollution, etc. In this context of application, the use of WSN allows to understand the variations of the phenomenon over the monitoring region and therefore be able to take adequate decisions regarding the impact of the phenomenon. Due to the limitations of its traditional costly monitoring methods in addition to its high spatial and temporal variability, air pollution is considered as one of the main physical phenomena that still need to be studied and characterized. In this thesis, we consider three main applications regarding the use of WSN for air pollution monitoring: 1) the construction of real time air quality maps using sensor measurements; 2) the detection of pollution threshold crossings; and 3) the correction of physical models that simulate the pollution dispersion phenomenon. All these applications need careful deployment and scheduling of sensors in order to get a better knowledge of air pollution while ensuring a minimal deployment cost and a maximal lifetime of the deployed sensor network. Our aim is to tackle the problems of WSN deployment and scheduling while considering the specific characteristics of the air pollution phenomenon. We propose for each application case a new efficient approach for the deployment of sensor and sink nodes. We also propose a WSN scheduling approach that is adapted to the case of physical models’ correction. Our optimization approaches take into account the physical nature of air pollution dispersion and incorporate real data provided by the existing pollution sensing platforms. As part of each approach, we use integer linear programming to derive optimization models that are well adapted to solving small and medium instances. To deal with large instances, we propose heuristic algorithms while using linear relaxation techniques. Besides our theoretical works on air pollution monitoring, we design from scratch and deploy in the Lyon city a cost-effective energy-efficient air pollution sensor network. Based on the characteristics of our monitoring system in addition to real world air pollution datasets, we evaluate the effectiveness of our deployment and scheduling approaches and provide engineering insights for the design of WSN-based air pollution monitoring systems. Among our conclusions, we highlight the fact that the size of the optimal sensor network depends on the degree of the variations of pollution concentrations within the monitoring region

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Sadler, Jeffrey Michael. "Hydrologic Data Sharing Using Open Source Software and Low-Cost Electronics." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2015. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/4425.

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While it is generally accepted that environmental data are critical to understanding environmental phenomena, there are yet improvements to be made in their consistent collection, curation, and sharing. This thesis describes two research efforts to improve two different aspects of hydrologic data collection and management. First described is a recipe for the design, development, and deployment of a low-cost environmental data logging and transmission system for environmental sensors and its connection to an open source data-sharing network. The hardware is built using several low-cost, open-source, mass-produced components. The system automatically ingests data into HydroServer, a standards-based server in the open source Hydrologic Information System (HIS) created by the Consortium of Universities for the Advancement of Hydrologic Sciences Inc (CUAHSI). A recipe for building the system is provided along with several test deployment results. Second, a connection between HydroServer and HydroShare is described. While the CUAHSI HIS system is intended to empower the hydrologic sciences community with better data storage and distribution, it lacks support for the kind of “Web 2.0” collaboration and social-networking capabilities that are increasing scientific discovery in other fields. The design, development, and testing of a software system that integrates CUAHSI HIS with the HydroShare social hydrology architecture is presented. The resulting system supports efficient archive, discovery, and retrieval of data, extensive creator and science metadata, assignment of a persistent digital identifier such as a Digital Object Identifier (DOI), scientific discussion and collaboration around the data and other basic social-networking features. In this system, HydroShare provides functionality for social interaction and collaboration while the existing HIS provides the distributed data management and web services framework. The system is expected to enable scientists, for the first time, to access and share both national- and research lab-scale hydrologic time series in a standards-based web services architecture combined with a social network developed specifically for the hydrologic sciences.These two research projects address and provide a solution for significant challenges in the automatic collection, curation, and feature-rich sharing of hydrologic data.

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Ahmed, Faizan. "Global IoT Coverage Through Aerial And Satellite Network." Thesis, KTH, Skolan för elektroteknik och datavetenskap (EECS), 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-281245.

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Internet of Things (IoT) and Machine Type Communication (MTC) have got more momentum in the last few years but still, need to be penetrated with their full swing in our daily life. This can be possible with general framework that provides global network coverage. Non-terrestrial networks comprised of satellites and aerial platforms are expected to provide next-generation communication services in underserved and un-served areas by ensuring the quality of service that cannot be covered by existing terrestrial networks owing to economical and geographical limitations. The aim of this thesis is to formulate a set of massive and critical MTC use cases such as global environment monitoring, tracking of shipping containers and smart agriculture, and assess their comprehensive requirements like data size, sensor node density and uplink capacity and discuss possible network architectures and deployments focusing on satellite or aerial networks. A rigorous discussion on different network architectures to address the requirements have been presented, that involve (1) Low Earth Orbit (LEO) satellite based network, (2) High Altitude Platform (HAP) based network, and (3) HAP and UAV based network. The proposed network architectures have been simulated and analyzed using MATLAB tools for respective use cases in terms of required number of satellites or aerial platforms. The criteria for selection of network architectures for the use cases are based on the minimum number of satellites or aerial platforms. The results show that LEO constellation consisting of 260 satellites are feasible concerning deployment and management for global environment monitoring network. Similarly, 1440 LEO satellites provide global coverage for tracking of shipping containers. Smart agriculture use case requires high throughput, and hence HAP and UAV integrated network architecture is more realistic for a fully autonomous system as compared to other network architectures. Cooperative control and management of set of agricultural machines can be performed at the UAV. Simulation results show that single UAV can be capable of commanding and controlling the agricultural smart machines in one square kilometer crop field and can send the summary of events to the central station via a HAP.
Internet of Things (IoT) och maskintypkommunikation (MTC) har fått mer fart under de senaste åren men måste fortfarande penetreras med sin fulla sväng i vårt dagliga liv. Detta kan vara möjligt med allmän ramverk som ger global nätverkstäckning. Icke- markbundna nät bestående av satelliter och flygplattformar förväntas tillhandahålla nästa generations kommunikationstjänster i undervärdiga och obetjänade områden genom att säkerställa kvaliteten påtjänster som inte kan täckas av befintliga marknät pågrund av ekonomiska och geografiska begränsningar. Syftet med den här avhandlingen är att formulera en uppsättning massiva och kritiska MTC-användningsfall som global miljöövervakning, spårning av fraktcontainrar och smart jordbruk, och utvärdera deras omfattande krav som datastorlek, sensornoddensitet och upplänkkapacitet och diskutera möjliga nätverk arkitekturer och distributioner med fokus påsatellit- eller flygnät. En rigorös diskussion om olika nätverksarkitekturer för att möta kraven har presenterats, som involverar (1) Low Earth Orbit (LEO) satellitbaserat nätverk, (2) High Altitude Platform (HAP) baserat nätverk, och (3) HAP och UAV baserat nätverk. De föreslagna nätverksarkitekturerna har simulerats och analyserats med MATLAB-verktyg för respek- tive användningsfall i termer av det nödvändiga antalet satelliter eller flygplattformar. Kriterierna för val av nätverksarkitekturer för användningsfallen är baserade pådet minsta antalet satelliter eller flygplattformar. Resultaten visar att LEO-konstellationen bestående av 260 satelliter är möjlig när det gäller distribution och hantering för globalt miljöövervakningsnätverk. Påliknande sätt ger 1440 LEO-satelliter global täckning för spårning av fraktcontainrar. Småjordbruksanvändningsfall kräver hög kapacitet, och följaktligen är HAP och UAV integrerad nätverksarkitektur mer realistisk för ett helt autonomt system jämfört med andra nätverksarkitekturer. Kooperativ kontroll och hantering av jordbruksmaskiner kan utföras vid UAV. Simuleringsresultat visar att en enda UAV kan vara kapabel att kommandera och kontrollera jordbrukssmarta maskiner i ett kvadratkilometer grödningsfält och kan skicka sammanfattningen av händelser till centralstationen via HAP.

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Soltic, Snjezana. "Evolving connectionist systems for adaptive decision support with application in ecological data modelling." Click here to access this resource online, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10292/760.

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Ecological modelling problems have characteristics both featured in other modelling fields and specific ones, hence, methods developed and tested in other research areas may not be suitable for modelling ecological problems or may perform poorly when used on ecological data. This thesis identifies issues associated with the techniques typically used for solving ecological problems and develops new generic methods for decision support, especially suitable for ecological data modelling, which are characterised by: (1) adaptive learning, (2) knowledge discovery and (3) accurate prediction. These new methods have been successfully applied to challenging real world ecological problems. Despite the fact that the number of possible applications of computational intelligence methods in ecology is vast, this thesis primarily concentrates on two problems: (1) species establishment prediction and (2) environmental monitoring. Our review of recent papers suggests that multi-layer perceptron networks trained using the backpropagation algorithm are most widely used of all artificial neural networks for forecasting pest insect invasions. While the multi-layer perceptron networks are appropriate for modelling complex nonlinear relationships, they have rather limited exploratory capabilities and are difficult to adapt to dynamically changing data. In this thesis an approach that addresses these limitations is proposed. We found that environmental monitoring applications could benefit from having an intelligent taste recognition system possibly embedded in an autonomous robot. Hence, this thesis reviews the current knowledge on taste recognition and proposes a biologically inspired artificial model of taste recognition based on biologically plausible spiking neurons. The model is dynamic and is capable of learning new tastants as they become available. Furthermore, the model builds a knowledge base that can be extracted during or after the learning process in form of IF-THEN fuzzy rules. It also comprises a layer that simulates the influence of taste receptor cells on the activity of their adjacent cells. These features increase the biological relevance of the model compared to other current taste recognition models. The proposed model was implemented in software on a single personal computer and in hardware on an Altera FPGA chip. Both implementations were applied to two real-world taste datasets.In addition, for the first time the applicability of transductive reasoning for forecasting the establishment potential of pest insects into new locations was investigated. For this purpose four types of predictive models, built using inductive and transductive reasoning, were used for predicting the distributions of three pest insects. The models were evaluated in terms of their predictive accuracy and their ability to discover patterns in the modelling data. The results obtained indicate that evolving connectionist systems can be successfully used for building predictive distribution models and environmental monitoring systems. The features available in the proposed dynamic systems, such as on-line learning and knowledge discovery, are needed to improve our knowledge of the species distributions. This work laid down the foundation for a number of interesting future projects in the field of ecological modelling, robotics, pervasive computing and pattern recognition that can be undertaken separately or in sequence.

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Rootman, Adriaan Cornelius. "Development of a remote wireless monitoring system for large farms." Thesis, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11838/1173.

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Thesis submitted in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree Master of Technology: Electrical Engineering at the Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2012
This research project addresses the unique challenges of extensive farming in terms of monitoring and controlling remote equipment or events. Poorly maintained roads and escalating fuel costs increase difficulty of farming and the time spent on physically monitoring remote sites further reduces financial yields. The research showed that there are very few solutions that implement wireless or electronic technology to overcome the challenges associated with these isolated and arid areas and that a low-cost, long range wireless telemetry solution that is easy to use would be beneficial for the extensive farming industry. It was therefore the aim of this project to develop a remote monitoring and controlling solution that implements wireless technology to convey information of activities around the farm utilising electronic means. To be able to successfully develop a wireless telemetry solution that will accurately meet the needs of this specific sector of industry, market research was conducted. To guide the research, the QFD (quality function deployment) process for product development has been implemented. The research consisted out of various aspects including a survey, financial considerations and international comparisons. The research also aided in the understanding of the day-to-day activities and also the physical parameters of extensive farms. Also, currently available technologies and products were evaluated to establish whether similarities exist that will aid in the development of a new product. The development process was based on the results obtained in the market research and resulted in a wireless telemetry solution that overcame all the design challenges and proved to be technically feasible, successfully addressing the application requirements. Zigbee technology was utilized for wireless communication because it provided an off-the-shelf solution with a number of readily available development platforms from various technology providers. A communication range of up to 6 kilometres with a transmitted power of 11dBm was achieved for point-to-point communication and a mesh network topology has been implemented for even longer range and complete coverage on farms. Various types of measurements have been catered for, with custom-designed instrumentation which enabled measurements such as water levels, movement and analogue signals. Also, a basic user interface was developed to enable the user to monitor or control the equipment or events remotely from a personal computer, locally or even over the internet. The results of this research project showed that by carefully selecting available technologies and understanding the application, it is possible to develop a solution that addresses the monitoring and controlling needs associated with extensive farming. The wireless telemetry system that was developed resulted in a saving equal to 10% of the total expenses of the farms per year. The telemetry system is therefore a financially feasible solution with a payback period of less than 1 year and far below the initial estimated budget. Without the need to physically monitoring equipment and events, an increase in productivity and the expansion of the overall enterprise is a further benefit added unto the monetary savings. In addition to the financial benefits of implementing new wireless technology, this is an opportunity to contribute to a cleaner and more sustained future as a legacy for the next generation by reducing the carbon footprint of the farm.

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Midaglia, Carmen Lucia Vergueiro. "Proposta de implantação do índice de abrangência espacial de monitoramento - IAEM por meio da análise da evolução da rede de qualidade das águas superficiais do estado de São Paulo." Universidade de São Paulo, 2009. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/8/8136/tde-03022010-165719/.

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Esta pesquisa de doutorado faz uma avaliação correlacional entre a evolução espacial da rede de monitoramento de qualidade das águas interiores do Estado de São Paulo, através do número de pontos de amostragem e sua respectiva densidade espacial ao longo dos 30 anos de existência da mesma e o crescimento populacional, através da densidade populacional dos municípios inseridos nas 22 unidades de gerenciamento de recursos hídricos do Estado de São Paulo. Analisa também se estes pontos mantiveram a capacidade de representar o status da qualidade da água em função do crescimento populacional, e se é necessário expandir ou adensar a rede em determinadas regiões. Esta comparação ficou mais racional com o uso dos recursos das geotecnologias e da análise multicritério aplicada ao planejamento e gerenciamento de recursos hídricos, com a construção do SIG SP_WATERNET e através da criação de um índice de avaliação do monitoramento que relaciona as 22 unidades espacialmente e ao longo do período estudado. Este índice pode ressaltar o grau de abrangência e de vulnerabilidade da rede de monitoramento das águas interiores superficiais no Estado de São Paulo.
This Ph.D. research makes a correlational evaluation between the spatial evolution of the monitoring network of inland surface waters of State of São Paulo, through the number of sampling points and its density throughout the 30 years of existence of same and the population growth (urbanization) and the population density in the 22 units of water management units of the São Paulo State. It also analyzes if these points had kept the capacity to represent the status of the quality of the water in function of the population growth, and if it is necessary to expand or to rearrange the network in some regions. This comparison was more rational with the use of the resources of the geo-information applied for water resources planning and management, with the construction of SIG SP_WATERNET and with the proposal of an multi-criteria evaluation monitoring index concerning the 22 water management units throughout a studied period. This index can point out the coverage or the vulnerability of the monitoring efficiency of the superficial waters network of São Paulo State.

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Solorio, Rigoberto. "A WEB-BASED TEMPERATURE MONITORING SYSTEM FOR THE COLLEGE OF ARTS AND LETTERS." CSUSB ScholarWorks, 2015. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd/129.

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In general, server rooms have restricted access requiring that staff possess access codes, keys, etc. Normally, only administrators are provided access to protect the physical hardware and the data stored in the servers. Servers also have firewalls to restrict outsiders from accessing them via the Internet. Servers also cost a lot of money. For this reason, server rooms also need to be protected against overheating. This will prolong the lifecycle of the units and can prevent data loss from hardware failure. The California State University San Bernardino (CSUSB), Specifically the College of Arts and Letters server room has faced power failures that affected the Air Conditioning Unit (AC) and as a result the room became overheated for a long time, causing hardware failure to server units. This is why this project is important for the College and needs to be implemented as soon as possible. The administrator’s old method of controlling server room temperature was by manually adjusting the temperature box inside of the server room. Now it can be controlled and monitored using remote access. The purpose of A Web-Based Temperature Monitoring System for the College of Arts and Letters proposed in this project is to allow users to monitor the server room temperature through a website by using any computer or mobile device that has Internet access. Also, this system notifies users when the room attains a critical temperature by sending an email/text to the server room administrator. A Web-Based Temperature Monitoring System for the College of Arts and Letters project is for the exclusive use of the College of Arts & Letters (CAL) server room. The administrator is the only person that can grant access to others by creating a proper account. For this project three prototypes will be implemented, first to measure the current server room temperature, the second to show the temperature history of the room, and third to use the built-in search system to locate times that given temperatures were attained.

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Wade, Katherine Signs. "A Descriptive Analysis of Temporal Patterns of Air Pollution in Atlanta, GA and an Assessment of Measurement Error in Air Pollution Monitoring Networks in Atlanta, GA." Thesis, Available online, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2005, 2005. http://etd.gatech.edu/theses/available/etd-08252005-141752/.

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Thesis (M. S.)--Civil and Environmental Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2006.
Mulholland, James, Committee Chair ; Russell, Armistead, Committee Member ; Tolbert, Paige, Committee Member.

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Silva, Marcel Salvioni da 1980. "Rede de sensores sem fio de baixo custo para monitoramento ambiental." [s.n.], 2013. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/259030.

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Orientador: Fabiano Fruett
Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Elétrica e de Computação
Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-24T05:13:30Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Silva_MarcelSalvionida_M.pdf: 30571418 bytes, checksum: 4cd818ffde793df4bbebdbbf472d1b6b (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013
Resumo: Existem diversos sistemas e equipamentos, com finalidades específicas, envolvendo o monitoramento das mudanças de clima e de tempo. Entretanto, a maioria desses sistemas e equipamentos disponíveis no mercado possuem alto custo, o que normalmente inviabiliza sua utilização em larga escala. Além disso, a maioria dos sistemas e equipamentos para este fim são importados, o que dificulta ainda mais a sua inserção em aplicações corriqueiras. Este trabalho descreve o desenvolvimento, projeto, testes e aplicação de uma rede de sensores sem fio de baixo custo, para monitoramento em tempo real da temperatura ambiente, umidade relativa do ar e pressão atmosférica, como uma alternativa nacional para pesquisas que necessitem de equipamentos para monitoramento ambiental. A rede é composta de quatro nós sensores e um nó coordenador. Os nós sensores possuem um sensor de temperatura e umidade e um sensor de pressão barométrica ¿ ambos com interface digital ¿ além de um microcontrolador de baixo consumo de energia e baixo custo, e um módulo de comunicação para uma rede operando na frequência de 2,4GHz, para conexão numa rede padrão IEEE 802.15.4. O nó coordenador possui outro módulo de comunicação para a conexão na rede sem fio, um microcontrolador, um cartão de memória para armazenamento das informações de cada nó sensor e interface Ethernet para disponibilizar as medidas do sensor em uma página web, acessada através de um IP estático em um browser de internet comum. Testes em laboratório e em campo atestaram autonomia do nó sensor (em torno de 90 dias para uma bateria de 500mAh) e alcance (de aproximadamente 150m em visada direta) e comprovaram a conformidade dos valores medidos por cada nó, através da comparação com um sistema de referência
Abstract: There are several systems and equipments with specific applications related to climate and weather change monitoring. However, most of these systems and equipments available in the market are too expensive ¿ which usually prevents their use in large scale. Furthermore, most of them used for such purpose are imported, which further complicates their insertion in everyday applications. This work describes the development, implementation and application of a low-cost wireless sensor network for temperature, relative humidity and atmospheric pressure monitoring, in real-time as a national alternative for researches which demand equipments for environmental monitoring. The network consists of four sensor nodes and a coordinator node. Sensor nodes have a temperature and humidity sensor and a barometric sensor ¿ both with digital interface ¿ plus a low cost and low power microcontroller and a communication module for the wireless network operating at 2.4GHz for establishing connection to an IEEE 802.15.4 network. Coordinator node has another communication module to the wireless network connection, a microcontroller for receiving measurements, a memory card for storage of each sensor node¿s information, and Ethernet interface to provide sensor node¿s information in an embedded webpage, accessed through a static IP in a common internet browser. Tests performed in laboratories and in the field attested the node¿s autonomy (around 90 days for a 500mAh battery) and reach (approximately 150m line-of-sight), and proved the compliance of measurements performed by each sensor node, through comparison with a reference system
Mestrado
Eletrônica, Microeletrônica e Optoeletrônica
Mestre em Engenharia Elétrica

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Pinarer, Ozgun. "Sustainable Declarative Monitoring Architecture : Energy optimization of interactions between application service oriented queries and wireless sensor devices : Application to Smart Buildings." Thesis, Lyon, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LYSEI126/document.

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La dernière décennie a montré un intérêt croissant pour les bâtiments intelligents. Les bâtiments traditionnels sont les principaux consommateurs d’une partie importante des ressources énergétiques, d'où le besoin de bâtiments intelligents a alors émergé. Ces nouveaux bâtiments doivent être conçus selon des normes de construction durables pour consommer moins. Ces bâtiments intelligents sont devenus l’un des principaux domaines d’application des environnements pervasifs. En effet, une infrastructure basique de construction de bâtiment intelligent se compose notamment d’un ensemble de capteurs sans fil. Les capteurs basiques permettent l’acquisition, la transmission et la réception de données. La consommation d’énergie élevée de l’ensemble de ces appareils est un des problèmes les plus difficiles et fait donc l’objet d’études dans ce domaine de la recherche. Les capteurs sont autonomes en termes d’énergie. Etant donné que la consommation d’énergie a un fort impact sur la durée de vie du service, il existe plusieurs approches dans la littérature. Cependant, les approches existantes sont souvent adaptées à une seule application de surveillance et reposent sur des configurations statiques pour les capteurs. Dans cette thèse, nous contribuons à la définition d’une architecture de surveillance déclaratif durable par l’optimisation énergétique des interactions entre requêtes applicative orientées service et réseau de capteurs sans fil. Nous avons choisi le bâtiment intelligent comme cas d’application et nous étudions donc un système de surveillance d’un bâtiment intelligent. Du point de vue logiciel, un système de surveillance peut être défini comme un ensemble d’applications qui exploitent les mesures des capteurs en temps réel. Ces applications sont exprimées dans un langage déclaratif sous la forme de requêtes continues sur les flux de données des capteurs. Par conséquent, un système de multi-applications nécessite la gestion de plusieurs demandes de flux de données suivant différentes fréquences d’acq/tx de données pour le même capteur sans fil, avec des exigences dynamiques requises par les applications. Comme une configuration statique ne peut pas optimiser la consommation d’énergie du système, nous proposons une approche intitulée Smart-Service Stream-oriented Sensor Management (3SoSM) afin d’optimiser les interactions entre les exigences des applications et l’environnement des capteurs sans fil, en temps réel. 3SoSM offre une configuration dynamique des capteurs pour réduire la consommation d’énergie tout en satisfaisant les exigences des applications en temps réel. Nous avons conduit un ensemble d’expérimentations effectuées avec un simulateur de réseau de capteurs sans fil qui ont permis de valider notre approche quant à l’optimisation de la consommation d’énergie des capteurs, et donc l’augmentation de la durée de vie de ces capteurs, en réduisant notamment les communications non nécessaires
Recent researches and analysis reports declare that high energy consumption of buildings is major problem in developed countries. As a result, they show concretely that building energy management systems (BEMS) and deployed wireless sensor network environments are important for energy efficiency of building operations. In the literature, existing smart building management systems focus on energy consumption of the building, hardware deployed inside/outside of the building and network communication issues. They adopt static configurations for wireless sensor devices and proposed models are fitted to a single application. In this study, we propose a sustainable declarative monitoring architecture that focus on the energy optimisation of interactions between application service oriented queries and wireless sensor devices. We consider the monitoring system as a set of applications that exploit sensor measures in real time such as HVAC automation and control systems, real time supervision, security. These applications can be configured dynamically by the users or by the supervisor. In our approach, we take a data point of view: applications are declaratively expressed as a set of continuous queries on the sensor data stream. To achieve our objective of energy aware optimization of the monitoring architecture, we formalize sensor device configuration and fit data acquisition and data transmission to actual applications requirements. We present a complete monitoring architecture and an algorithm that handles dynamic sensor configuration. We introduce a platform that covers physical and also simulated wireless sensor devices

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Telci, Ilker Tonguc. "Optimal water quality management in surface water systems and energy recovery in water distribution networks." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/45861.

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Two of the most important environmental challenges in the 21st century are to protect the quality of fresh water resources and to utilize renewable energy sources to lower greenhouse gas emissions. This study contributes to the solution of the first challenge by providing methodologies for optimal design of real-time water quality monitoring systems and interpretation of data supplied by the monitoring system to identify potential pollution sources in river networks. In this study, the optimal river water quality monitoring network design aspect of the overall monitoring program is addressed by a novel methodology for the analysis of this problem. In this analysis, the locations of sampling sites are determined such that the contaminant detection time is minimized for the river network while achieving maximum reliability for the monitoring system performance. The data collected from these monitoring stations can be used to identify contamination source locations. This study suggests a methodology that utilizes a classification routine which associates the observations on a contaminant spill with one or more of the candidate spill locations in the river network. This approach consists of a training step followed by a sequential elimination of the candidate spill locations which lead to the identification of potential spill locations. In order to contribute the solution of the second environmental challenge, this study suggests utilizing available excess energy in water distribution systems by providing a methodology for optimal design of energy recovery systems. The energy recovery in water distribution systems is possible by using micro hydroelectric turbines to harvest available excess energy inevitably produced to satisfy consumer demands and to maintain adequate pressures. In this study, an optimization approach for the design of energy recovery systems in water distribution networks is proposed. This methodology is based on finding the best locations for micro hydroelectric plants in the network to recover the excess energy. Due to the unsteady nature of flow in water distribution networks, the proposed methodology also determines optimum operation schedules for the micro turbines.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Environmental monitoring network'

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