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1
Rivera, Paola A., Akash Gupta, and Ninani Kombo. "Treatment of non-infectious retinal vasculitis." Therapeutic Advances in Ophthalmology 15 (January 2023): 251584142311527. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/25158414231152761.
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Retinal vasculitis (RV) refers to an entity in which the retinal vasculature is inflamed, frequently with indications of inflammation elsewhere in the eye. Non-infectious RV can be idiopathic or associated with systemic disease, ocular conditions, and malignancy. It can also be classified based on the vessel affected: artery, vein, or both. Due to the lack of strong evidence-based treatment trials and algorithms for RV, physicians must often rely on their experience, which creates great variability in treating this entity. This article provides an overview of various treatment modalities used in the management of non-infectious RV, with a focus on immunomodulatory therapies. We outline a potential stepwise approach of starting with steroids to control the acute inflammation and subsequently changing to immunomodulatory therapy (IMT) for long-term treatment.
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Feng, Shuxian, and Toshiya Yamamoto. "Preliminary research on sponge city concept for urban flood reduction: a case study on ten sponge city pilot projects in Shanghai, China." Disaster Prevention and Management: An International Journal 29, no. 6 (November 9, 2020): 961–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/dpm-01-2020-0019.
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PurposeThis research aimed to determine the differences and similarities in each pilot project to understand the primary design forms and concepts of sponge city concept (SCC) projects in China. It also aimed to examine ten pilot projects in Shanghai to extrapolate their main characteristics and the processes necessary for implementing SCC projects effectively.Design/methodology/approachA literature review and field survey case study were employed. Data were mostly collected through a field survey in Shanghai, focusing on both the projects and the surrounding environment. Based on these projects' examination, a comparative method was used to determine the characteristics of the ten pilot SCC projects and programs in Shanghai.FindingsSix main types of SCC projects among 30 pilot cities were classified in this research to find differences and similarities among the pilot cities. Four sponge design methods were classified into ten pilot projects. After comparing each project size using the same geographical size, three geometrical types were categorized into both existing and new city areas. SCC project characteristics could be identified by combining four methods and three geometrical types and those of the SCC programs by comparing the change in land-use and the surrounding environment in ten pilot projects.Originality/valueThe results are valuable for implementing SCC projects in China and elsewhere and future research on the impact of SCC projects.
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Nery, José A. C., Anna M. Sales, Mariana A. V. B. Hacker, Milton O. Moraes, Raquel C. Maia, Euzenir N. Sarno, and Ximena Illarramendi. "Low rate of relapse after twelve-dose multidrug therapy for hansen’s disease: A 20-year cohort study in a brazilian reference center." PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases 15, no. 5 (May 3, 2021): e0009382. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0009382.
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The World Health Organization has raised concerns about the increasing number of Hansen disease (HD) relapses worldwide, especially in Brazil, India, and Indonesia that report the highest number of recurrent cases. Relapses are an indicator of MDT effectiveness and can reflect Mycobacterium leprae persistence or re-infection. Relapse is also a potential marker for the development or progression of disability. In this research, we studied a large cohort of persons affected by HD treated with full fixed-dose multibacillary (MB) multidrug therapy (MDT) followed for up to 20 years and observed that relapses are a rare event. We estimated the incidence density of relapse in a cohort of patients classified to receive MB regime (bacillary index (BI) > 0), diagnosed between September 1997 and June 2017, and treated with twelve-dose MB-MDT at a HD reference center in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. We obtained the data from the data management system of the clinic routine service. We linked the selected cases to the dataset of relapses of the national HD data to confirm possible relapse cases diagnosed elsewhere. We diagnosed ten cases of relapse in a cohort of 713 patients followed-up for a mean of 12.1 years. This resulted in an incidence rate of 1.16 relapse cases per 1000 person-year (95% CI = 0.5915–2.076). The accumulated risk was 0.025 in 20 years. The very low risk observed in this cohort of twelve-dose-treated MB patients reinforces the success of the current MDT scheme.
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Rake, Christine, Clare Gilham, Martin Scholze, Laurette Bukasa, Jade Stephens, Jayne Simpson, Julian Peto, and Rhona Anderson. "British nuclear test veteran family trios for the study of genetic risk." Journal of Radiological Protection 42, no. 2 (June 1, 2022): 021528. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1361-6498/ac6e10.
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Abstract The risk of radiation effects in children of individuals exposed to ionising radiation remains an ongoing concern for aged veterans of the British nuclear testing programme. The genetic and cytogenetic family trio (GCFT) study is the first study to obtain blood samples from a group of British nuclear test veterans and their families for the purposes of identifying genetic alterations in offspring as a consequence of historical paternal exposure to ionising radiation. In this report, we describe the processes for recruitment and sampling, and provide a general description of the study population recruited. In total, blood samples were received from 91 (49 test and 42 control) families representing veteran servicemen from the army, Royal Air Force and Royal Navy. This translated to an overall response rate of 14% (49/353) for test veterans and 4% (42/992) for control veterans (excluding responders known to be ineligible). Due to the lack of dose information available, test veterans were allocated to a three-point exposure rank. Thirty (61%) test veterans were ranked in the lower group. Nineteen (39%) of the 49 test veterans were classified in the mid (5 veterans; 10%)/high (14 veterans; 29%) exposure ranks and included 12 veterans previously identified as belonging to the special groups or listed in health physics documents. An increased number of test veteran families (20%), compared with control families (5%), self-reported offspring with congenital abnormalities (p = 0.03). Whether this observation in this small group is reflective of the entire UK test veteran cohort or whether it is selection bias requires further work. The cohort described here represent an important and unique family trio grouping whose participation is enabling genetic studies, as part of the GCFT study, to be carried out. The outcomes of these studies will be published elsewhere. ISRCTN Registry: 17461668.
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Mutze, Greg, Ron Sinclair, David Peacock, John Kovaliski, and Lorenzo Capucci. "Does a benign calicivirus reduce the effectiveness of rabbit haemorrhagic disease virus (RHDV) in Australia? Experimental evidence from field releases of RHDV on bait." Wildlife Research 37, no. 4 (2010): 311. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wr09162.
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Context. European rabbits are serious environmental and agricultural pests throughout their range in Australia. Rabbit haemorrhagic disease virus (RHDV) greatly reduced rabbit numbers in arid central Australia but had less impact in cooler, higher-rainfall areas. RHDV-like benign caliciviruses (bCVs) have been implicated in limiting the impact of RHDV in the higher-rainfall regions of Australia and also in Europe. Aims. Experimental releases of RHDV on bait were tested as a means of initiating disease outbreaks. Serological evidence of antibodies to bCVs was examined to determine whether they reduce mortality rates and/or spread of the released RHDV, and how that might influence the effectiveness of future RHDV releases for rabbit management. Methods. Four experimental releases were conducted in high-rainfall and coastal regions of southern Australia. Virus activity was implied from recapture rates and serological changes in marked rabbits, and genetic sequencing of virus recovered from dead rabbits. Changes in rabbit abundance were estimated from spotlight transect counts. Key results. Release of RHDV on bait produced disease outbreaks that challenged almost all animals within the general release area and spread up to 4 km beyond the release sites. Recapture rates were high in marked rabbits that possessed antibodies from previous exposure to RHDV and extremely low amongst rabbits that lacked any detectable antibodies. Rabbits carrying antibodies classified as being due to previous infection with bCVs had recapture rates that were dependent on circulating antibody titre and were ~55% of recapture rates in rabbits with clear antibodies to RHDV. Conclusions. This is the first quantified evidence that antibodies produced against bCVs provide significant protection against RHD outbreaks in field populations of rabbits. Implications. bCVs can greatly reduce the impact of RHDV on wild-rabbit populations in Australia and presumably elsewhere. RHDV can be effectively released on bait although further releases are likely to be of minor or inconsistent benefit for controlling rabbit numbers where bCVs are common.
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Shehzad, Sofia. "HOSPITAL WASTE MANAGEMENT -A GROWING HEALTH CONCERN." Journal of Gandhara Medical and Dental Science 4, no. 2 (September 20, 2018): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.37762/jgmds.4-2.227.
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In this era of startling developments in the medical field there remains a serious worry about the hazardous potential of various by products which if not properly addressed can lead to consequences of immense public concern. Hospitals and other health care facilities generate waste products which are evidently hazardous to all those exposed to its potentially harmful effects. Need for effective legislation ensuring its safe disposal is supposed to be an integral part of any country's health related policy. This issue is of special importance in developing countries like Pakistan which in spite of framing various regulations for safeguarding public health, seem to overlook its actual implementation. The result unfortunately is the price wehave to pay not only in terms of rampant spread of crippling infections but a significant spending of health budget on combating epidemics which could easily have been avoided through effective waste disposal measures in the first place. Waste classified under the heading 'bio-hazardous' includes any infectious or potentially infectious material which can be injurious or harmful to humans and other living organisms. Amongst the many potential sources are the hospitals or other health delivery centres which are ironically supposed to be the centres of infection control and treatment. Whilst working in these setups, health care workers such as doctors, nurses, paramedical staff and sanitation workers are actually the ones most exposed and vulnerable to these challenges. Biomedical waste may broadly be classified into Infectious and toxic waste. Infectious waste includes sharps, blood, body fluids and tissues etcwhile substances such as radioactive material and by-products of certain drugs qualify as toxic waste. Furthermore health institutions also have to cater for general municipal waste such as carton boxes, paper and plastics. The World Health Organisation has its own general classification of hospital waste divided into almost eight categories of which almost 15% (10% infectious and 5% toxic) is estimated to be of a hazardous nature while the remaining 85% is general non hazardous content.1A recent study from Faisalabad, Pakistan has estimated hospital waste generation around 1 to 1.5 kg / bed /day for public sector hospitals in the region,2while figures quoted from neighbouring India are approximately 0.5 to 2 KG / hospital bed /day.3 Elsewhere in the world variable daily hospital waste production has been observed ranging from as low as 0.14 to 0.49 kg /day in Korea4 and 0.26 to 0.89 kg/day in Greece5to as high as 2.1 to 3.83 kg/day in Turkey6 and 0.84 to 5.8 kg/day in Tanzania.7Ill effects of improper management of hospital waste can manifest as nosocomial infections or occupational hazards such as needle stick injuries. Pathogens or spores can be borne either through the oro-faecal or respiratory routes in addition to direct inoculation through contact with infected needles or sharps. Environmental pollution can result from improper burning of toxic material leading to emission of dioxins, particulate matter or furans into the air. The habitat can also be affected by illegal dumping and landfills or washing up of medical waste released into the sea or river. Potential organisms implicated in diseases secondary to mismanagement of hospital waste disposal include salmonella, cholera, shigella, helminths, strep pneumonia, measles, tuberculosis, herpesvirus, anthrax, meningitis, HIV, hepatitis and candida etc. These infections can cause a considerable strain on the overall health and finances of the community or individuals affected. The basic principal of Public health management i.e 'prevention is better than cure' cannot be more stressed in this scenario as compared to any other health challenge. Health facilities must have a clear policy on hazardous waste management. To ensure a safe environment hospitals need to adopt and implement international and local systems of waste disposal. Hospital waste management plan entails policy and procedures addressing waste generation, accumulation, handling, transportation, storage, treatment and disposal. Waste needs to be collected in marked containers usually colour coded and leak proof. Segregation at source is of vital importance. The standard practice in many countries is the Basic Three Bin System ie to segregate the waste into RED bags/ boxes for sharps, YELLOW bags for biological waste and BLUE or BLACK ones for general/ municipal waste. All hospital staff needs to be trained in the concept of putting the right waste in relevant containers/ bags. They need to know that more than anything else this practice is vital for their own safety. The message can be reinforced through appropriate labelling on the bins and having posters with simple delineations to avoid mixing of different waste types. Sharps essentially should be kept in rigid, leak and puncture-resistant containers which are tightly lidded and labelled. Regular training sessions for nurses and cleaning staff can be organised as they are the personnel who are more likely to deal with waste disposition at the level of their respective departments. Next of course is transportation of waste products to the storage or disposal. Sanitary staff and janitors must be aware of the basic concepts of waste handling and should wear protective clothing, masks and gloves etc, besides ensuring regular practice of disinfection and sterilization techniques.8Special trolleys or vehicles exclusively designed and reserved for biomedical waste and operated by trained individuals should be used for transportation to the dumping or treatment site. Biomedical waste treatment whether on site or off site is a specialised entity involving use of chemicals and equipment intended for curtailing the hazardous potential of the material at hand. Thermal treatment via incinerators, not only results in combustion of organic substances but the final product in the form of non-toxicash is only 10 to 15% of the original solid mass of waste material fed to the machine. Dedicated autoclaves and microwaves can also be used for the purpose of disinfection. Chemicals such as bleach, sodium hydroxides, chlorine dioxide and sodiumhypochlorite are also effective disinfectants having specialised indications. Countries around the world have their own regulations for waste management. United Kingdom practices strict observance of Environmental protection act 1990, Waste managementlicensing regulations 1994 and Hazardous waste regulations 2005 making it one of thesafest countries in terms of hazardous waste disposal. Similar regulations specific for each state have been adopted in United States following passage of the Medical Waste tracking act 1988. In Pakistan, every hospital must comply with the Waste Management Rules 2005 (Environment Protection Act 1997), though actual compliance is far from satisfactory. It is high time that the government and responsible community organisations shape up to seriously tackle the issue of bio hazardous waste management through enforcement of effective policies and standard operating procedures for safeguarding the health and lives of the public in general and health workers in particular.
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Mullen, Jeffrey D., George W. Norton, and Dixie W. Reaves. "Economic Analysis of Environmental Benefits of Integrated Pest Management." Journal of Agricultural and Applied Economics 29, no. 2 (December 1997): 243–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1074070800007756.
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AbstractPublic support for integrated pest management (IPM) is derived in part from concerns over food safety and the environment, yet few studies have assessed the economic value of health and environmental benefits of IPM. An approach is suggested for such an assessment and applied to the Virginia peanut IPM program. Effects of IPM on environmental risks posed by pesticides are assessed and society's willingness to pay to reduce those risks is estimated. The annual environmental benefits of the peanut IPM program are estimated at $844,000. The estimates of pesticide risks and willingness to pay can be applied elsewhere in economic assessments of IPM.
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Hrudey, S. E. "Hazardous Waste Management Approaches in Canada." Water Science and Technology 26, no. 1-2 (July 1, 1992): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1992.0380.
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Canada's political, economic and geographic make-up have influenced the approaches to hazardous waste management. Split jurisdiction between the federal and provincial governments on environmental issues has made consensus decisions expedient. These consensus approaches combined with some preference for public sector ownership of hazardous waste treatment and disposal facilities distinguish the Canadian system from the hazardous waste regulatory regime in the United States. Because many of the Canadian hazardous waste management guidelines have been recently developed, they may reflect the benefit of learning from experiences elsewhere, both positive and negative.
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Andon, N'guessan Simon, Kouadio Augustin Alla, and Kouacou Jean-Marie Atta. "Participation in the Management of a Peri-Urban Protected Forest in Northern Côte d'Ivoire: Case of the Mount Korhogo Classified Forest." European Journal of Social Sciences 1, no. 3 (November 29, 2018): 21. http://dx.doi.org/10.26417/ejss.v1i3.p21-33.
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The evolution of tropical forest deforestation in Côte d'Ivoire is very alarming. From 16 million hectares in 1900, the area increased to 9 million hectares in 1965 to less than 2.5 million hectares in 2016. Even forests protected by the State of Côte d'Ivoire are not spared while peri-urban protected forests are the most exposed. The finding reveals many shortcomings in the state monopoly of protected area management. Yet, elsewhere in Africa, many experiences of participatory management have shown significant advances in protection and their introduction in Côte d'Ivoire from 1990. To understand the effectiveness of this new consultation framework adopted as a management tool, national policies and locally adopted strategies on the Mount Korhogo classified forest in northern Côte d'Ivoire have been analyzed. Results show a failure of participation at the national level since 1996 and a lack of participation at the local level. Despite the establishment of a local committee for forest defense and fight against bush fires, the lack of consultation undermines the proper functioning of this organization, thus leading to the exacerbation of deforestation. Mount Korhogo Classified Forest.Keywords: participatory management, consultation framework, protected forest, urbanization, deforestation
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Bisio, G. "Exergy Analysis of Thermal Energy Storage With Specific Remarks on the Variation of the Environmental Temperature." Journal of Solar Energy Engineering 118, no. 2 (May 1, 1996): 81–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2848020.
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Energy storage is a key technology for many purposes and in particular for air conditioning plants and a successful exploitation of solar energy. Thermal storage devices are usually classified as either variable temperature (“sensible heat”) or constant temperature (“latent heat”) devices. For both models a basic question is to determine the efficiency suitably: Only exergy efficiency appears a proper way. The aim of this paper is to examine exergy efficiency in both variable and constant temperature systems. From a general statement of exergy efficiency by the present author, two types of actual definitions are proposed, depending on the fact that the exergy of the fluid leaving the thermal storage during the charge phase can be either totally lost or utilized elsewhere. In addition, specific remarks are made about the exergy of a system in a periodically varying temperature environment.
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Pregun, Csaba, and Péter Burai. "Environmental Management Research on the Berettyó River." Acta Agraria Debreceniensis, no. 13 (May 4, 2004): 161–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.34101/actaagrar/13/3403.
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Our department is involved in ongoing research into the hydrological and ecological interplay of the Berettyó River.In the first part of our study we classified the Hungarian section of the river from ecological and hydrological standpoints. We determined three typical parts of the river: a sandy and gravely bottom, a middle part with a sandy and muddy bottom, and a lower part, with muddy bottom. In theese sampling areas we measured and established the more important static and dynamic hydrological, physical and chemical characteristics.For the planned research we did a primary estimation of the environmental condition of theese sampling areas, on the basis of applicable biological and ecological indication methods.
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Cimino, J. J. "Desiderata for Controlled Medical Vocabularies in the Twenty-First Century." Methods of Information in Medicine 37, no. 04/05 (October 1998): 394–403. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1634558.
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AbstractBuilders of medical informatics applications need controlled medical vocabularies to support their applications and it is to their advantage to use available standards. In order to do so, however, these standards need to address the requirements of their intended users. Overthe past decade, medical informatics researchers have begun to articulate some of these requirements. This paper brings together some of the common themes which have been described, including: vocabulary content, concept orientation, concept permanence, nonsemantic concept identifiers, polyhierarchy, formal definitions, rejection of “not elsewhere classified” terms, multiple granularities, mUltiple consistent views, context representation, graceful evolution, and recognized redundancy. Standards developers are beginning to recognize and address these desiderata and adapt their offerings to meet them.
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Kerimova, Zh K., E. A. Akhapov, and K. Shimizu. "YOKOHAMA ECO-MODEL CITY’S POLICY ON WASTE MANAGEMENT." BULLETIN Series of Sociological and Political sciences 71, no. 3 (September 25, 2020): 17–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.51889/2020-3.1728-8940.02.
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Projects transforming the concept of eco-city into practices became a challenge to the Eastern countries to countermeasure with the global warming and climate change. We can be witnesses of rising number of significant eco-city models than might be a real fine model to other countries and cities that would like to change their current environmental situation. In particular Japan Government launched “Eco-model cities” program in 2008, to create model cities replicable elsewhere both in Japan and in the world.
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SLÅNBERG, L., and L. HYLANDER. "Appropriate classification of three Swedish soils for agrarian and environmental management." Agricultural and Food Science 13, no. 4 (December 4, 2008): 378. http://dx.doi.org/10.2137/1239099043633341.
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Classification of soils according to internationally agreed criteria forms a valuable base for scientifi c and political analyses. The objectives of this study were to evaluate two soil classification systems and relate them to agricultural and environmental concerns, principally phosphorus leakage, by classifying three Swedish, arable soils. The Bjärröd soil was classifi ed as a Rupti-Endogleyic Phaeozem according to the World Reference Base for Soil Resources and as a coarse-loamy, mesic Oxiaquic Hapludoll according to the Soil Taxonomy. Bjelkesta was classified as an Orthieutric Gleysol and a fi ne, frigid, Typic Endoaquept, respectively, and Götala as a Haplic Arenosol and a frigid Typic Udipsamment. We evaluated some changes to the classification systems proposed by Nordic scientists and found the classification of Bjärröd misleading and suggest it being classified as a Cambisol/Inceptisol and that information of the characteristically high base saturation in Bjelkesta and the spodic character in Götala being included in their names. This information is useful for decisions regarding agrarian and environmental management of the soils.;
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Mehler, R., and M. W. Ostrowski. "Comparison of the efficiency of best stormwater management practices in urban drainage systems." Water Science and Technology 39, no. 9 (May 1, 1999): 269–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1999.0492.
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Increasingly extended and alternative methods for urban stormwater management have been discussed in Germany and elsewhere. Without question an economically and ecologically sound combination of central and decentral measures will be a concept of the future. Yet, at present the introduction of approaches other than traditional combined sewer systems is restricted due to missing planning tools and technologies. Adding a number of frequently used Best Stormwater Management Practices (BSMP's) has widely extended the applicability of an existing stormwater water balance and pollution load model.
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Asante, Joseph, Mercy Owusu Ansah, and Daniel Kofi Abu. "Inclusive fire management in Ghana’s transitional zone." Tropical Forest Issues, no. 61 (November 10, 2022): 175–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.55515/fgts4102.
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In Ghana, wildfires are now annual occurrence, resulting in the loss of lives, property and biodiversity. The article documents experiences and lessons from the Collaborative and adaptative community fire management initiative, part of the Forest landscape restoration through a sustainable wood energy value chai” project. The approach was informed through local community consultations and a review of related fire management policies and regulations, leading to support and incentives for safe and effective fire use and management. It is hoped that these findings can inform fire management practices elsewhere, while acknowledging that collaborative and adaptive community fire management is an evolving process and so requires constant learning to improve future practices.
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Coles, Stephen L. "MARINE MANAGEMENT AND THE SITING OF ELECTRICAL GENERATING STATIONS ON TROPICAL SHORELINES." Marine Research in Indonesia 19 (May 10, 2018): 57–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.14203/mri.v19i0.372.
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Expanding utilization of electricity by developing tropical nations will produce increasing amounts of waste heat that will, in most cases, be disposed into natural water systems. Such disposal represents a serious potential marine management problem for nations which intensively utilize the nearshore marine environment in their subsistence economy. This communication reviews the marine environmental effects resulting from thermal disposal at three generating stations on the Island of Oahu, Hawaii and compares these with results of similar studies made elsewhere in the tropics and subtropics. Conclusions are drawn from these studies concerning desirable environmental features to be considered for thermal outfalls in tropical areas, and some environmental consequences of alternative methods of cooling water treatment are discussed.
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Lloyd, S. D., T. H. F. Wong, and B. Porter. "The planning and construction of an urban stormwater management scheme." Water Science and Technology 45, no. 7 (April 1, 2002): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2002.0111.
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Water Sensitive Urban Design (WSUD) offers a means to integrate stormwater best management practices into urban planning and design to achieve multiple objectives. Some of these objectives relate to stormwater drainage, water quality improvements, aquatic habitat protection, stormwater harvesting and use, and landscape amenity. The Lynbrook Estate, Australia, has incorporated bio-filtration systems and wetlands into the design of major roads, local access streets and parklands that attenuate and treat roof runoff and road runoff from a 32 ha, 270 allotment residential precinct. This paper outlines the process that enabled the concept of a stormwater drainage design to be translated into on-ground works. Details of the construction activities, costs and market acceptance highlight the potential for the adoption of similar practices elsewhere.
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Masaki, Motofumi, and Akira Koizumi. "Demographic characteristics and their genetic implications in a small island." Journal of Biosocial Science 20, no. 2 (April 1988): 225–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021932000017454.
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SummaryThe family registration records from a village population in a small island of Japan are used to assess the effect of demographic differentiation within a population on genetic measures. When the couples studied are classified by birth cohorts and origins, wives of the couples where one spouse came from elsewhere were older at marriage and had a shorter duration of marriage or registration than wives where both spouses were natives of the village. The mean number of offspring is statistically smaller in the former except for the latest cohort, due mainly to out-migration during the reproductive ages which also resulted in low rates of marriage among the offspring within the village. This leads to a small effective population size and an increased likelihood of genetic drift in the overall population.
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Urpelainen, Johannes. "Promoting International Environmental Cooperation Through Unilateral Action: When Can Trade Sanctions Help?" Global Environmental Politics 13, no. 2 (May 2013): 26–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/glep_a_00165.
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International environmental cooperation is difficult because states disagree on burden sharing and have incentives to free ride. However, interested countries can promote future cooperation through unilateral action that induces technological change in and, thereby, shapes the preferences of foreign countries. How can the effectiveness of such unilateral action be improved? This article offers a game-theoretic analysis of the value of combining unilateral action with trade sanctions, or policies that force foreign exporters to comply with domestic environmental regulations. Trade sanctions can significantly improve the effectiveness of unilateral action, but only when (1) they induce clean technology adoption by exporters in targeted countries and (2) this reduces the cost of clean technology elsewhere in the economy through intersectoral technology spillovers.
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Sheldrick, Alistair, James Evans, and Gabriele Schliwa. "Policy learning and sustainable urban transitions: Mobilising Berlin’s cycling renaissance." Urban Studies 54, no. 12 (July 8, 2016): 2739–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0042098016653889.
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Cities are increasingly seeking to learn from experiences elsewhere when planning programmes of sustainable transition management, and the contingencies of policy-learning arrangements in this field are beginning to receive greater attention. This paper applies insights from the field of policy mobilities to the burgeoning field of transition management to critically explore a proposed ‘learning relationship’ between Berlin (Germany) and Manchester (UK) around cycling policy. Drawing on qualitative data, the paper casts doubt over the existing consensus attributing recent growth in bicycle use in Berlin to concerted governmental interventions. A multi-actor analysis suggests that contextual factors caused the growth in cycling and that policy has been largely reactive. The emergence and circulation of the Berlin cycling renaissance as a policy model is then traced through policy documents and interviews with actors in Manchester, UK, to understand why and how it has become a model for action elsewhere. It is concluded that Berlin’s cycling renaissance has been simplified and mobilised to demonstrate the requisite ambition and proficiency to secure competitive funds for sustainable urban transport. The paper develops an original study of the role policy knowledge and learning play in sustainable urban transition management, and argues that attending to the dynamics of policy learning can enhance our understanding of its successes and failures.
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Matveeva, Anna. "Risk Management to Ensure Environmental Safety at Enterprises." Natural Systems and Resources, no. 3 (December 2018): 51–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.15688/nsr.jvolsu.2018.3.6.
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The article raises the issue of environmental risk management for the formation of measures to ensure environmental safety in industrial enterprises. A classification of environmental risks is given depending on the nature and type of environmental impact. The paper describes the methods of environmental risk management. On the basis of which it is possible to build a further strategy of the enterprise to reduce or prevent the occurrence of risks depending on risk-forming factors of the environment. The concept of environmental risk management in an enterprise should be developed taking into account the economic conditions inherent in a particular enterprise, depending on the climatic and economic conditions of the region. Each industrial enterprise is unique in its field of activity, production volumes and a set of external and internal environmental factors. Therefore, environmental risk management can be classified as a targeted action aimed at choosing the optimal strategy for the enterprise to minimize environmental damage. The paper is proposed an algorithm for managing environmental risk for enterprises.
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Goff, H. B., and R. K. Steedman. "ENVIRONMENTAL RISK MANAGEMENT: A PROPOSED SCHEME." APPEA Journal 37, no. 1 (1997): 714. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/aj96054.
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Environmental risk assessment is becoming an increasingly important factor in the assessment process for new projects. The oil and gas industry is familiar with assessing and managing risks from a wide range of sources. In particular, risk assessment and management is fundamental to the evaluation and implementation of Safety cases. Risk assessment is essential in valuing exploration acreage. Various industry and government risk management standards and criteria have been developed for public and occupational health and safety.This paper examines the extension of these approaches to environmental risk management for the offshore oil and gas industry and proposes a conceptual management scheme.We regard risk as the probability of an event occurring and the consequences of that event. The risk is classified into four categories, namely:primary risk, which relates to the mechanical oilfield equipment;secondary risk, which relates to the natural transport processes. For example dispersion of oil in the water column and surrounding sea;the tertiary risk, which relates to the impact on some defined part of the physical, biological or social environment; andthe quaternary risk, which relates to the recovery of the environment from any impact.Generally the methods of quantitatively analysing primary and secondary risks are well known, while there remains considerable uncertainty surrounding the tertiary and quaternary risk and they are at best qualitative only. An example of the method is applied to coral reef and other sensitive areas which may be at risk from oil spills.This risk management scheme should assist both operators and regulators in considering complex environmental problems which have an inherent uncertainty. It also proves a systematic approach on which sound environmental decisions can be taken and further research and analysis based. Perceived risk is recognised, but the management of this particular issue is not dealt with.
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Annen, Beat. "Urner Wald – Grundlage für eine nachhaltige Entwicklung (Essay)." Schweizerische Zeitschrift fur Forstwesen 164, no. 8 (August 1, 2013): 220–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.3188/szf.2013.0220.
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The forests of the canton of Uri: the foundation of sustainable development (essay) The canton of Uri is characterised by extreme topography: steep slopes and narrow valleys. Limited space is a major challenge for the development of the canton. Prudent management of this mountainous area is necessary to ensure a safe and attractive environment. In this situation, the forest, or to be more precise, the management of the forest, plays a key role. Most of the forest area is classified as protection forest, which is an essential condition to guarantee safety. The overriding management objective for the protective forest is sustainability. The existence of the forest in all its forms is the necessary condition also for biodiversity and landscape beauty. There is strong demand for land on the valley floor, where the main challenge is to protect the few remaining forest areas. Elsewhere however, the forest is expanding and measures must be taken to stop it taking over completely. Forest operations have consequences beyond the forest borders. For these reasons, sustainable management of the forest resource is the foundation of sustainable development of the mountainous canton of Uri.
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Glasbergen, Pieter, and Peter P. J. Driessen. "Interactive Planning of Infrastructure: The Changing Role of Dutch Project Management." Environment and Planning C: Government and Policy 23, no. 2 (April 2005): 263–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1068/c0441.
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The mode of planing for infrastructure has changed in the Netherlands. As elsewhere, a hierarchic mode of planning has been replaced by regulatory relationships among stakeholders. The authors present a lens through which some of these changes are brought into focus: the new form of cooperation, called ‘interactive planning’, is characterized in terms of ‘political space’, ‘architecture’, and ‘action mechanisms’. The discussion is focused on four projects in which the transition to a new planning mode occurred while the project was being developed. The authors also revisit the implementation of interactive planning.
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Teriö, Olli, Jaakko Sorri, Kalle Kähkönen, and Jukka Hämäläinen. "Environmental index for Finnish construction sites." Construction Innovation 14, no. 2 (April 1, 2014): 245–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ci-06-2013-0030.
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Purpose – The primary aim of this study was to better understand the grounds to develop a monitoring and performance measurement method to support the environmental management of construction operations. The practical purpose was to improve environmental activities in construction sites. This study helps to fill the gap between environmental needs and practices on construction sites. Design/methodology/approach – Action research was the principal research method. The research procedure was executed in collaboration with construction companies. The EICS meter was originally developed to create rules for environmental competition between construction sites. Since the time of this competition, the meter has been further improved in other studies. Findings – Based on the literature and feedback gained in the testing round of the EICS, five relevant categories were formulated to evaluate environmental operations: environmental information management, waste management, material handling and shielding, energy use and emissions. A simple index method was applied for these five categories. Furthermore, observation targets and acceptance criteria were defined for these categories. The meter supports environmental management in practise. The method can be used to analyse the starting point level when developing environmental processes. Originality/value – This study offers insights based on action research for both academics and practitioners. The meter is outlined for Nordic conditions, but the structure of the method is also suitable elsewhere. The national demands can be locally fine-tuned.
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Williams, JE, RJ Whelan, and AM Gill. "Fire and Environmental Heterogeneity in Southern Temperate Forest Ecosystems: Implications for Management." Australian Journal of Botany 42, no. 2 (1994): 125. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/bt9940125.
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Fire is a natural part of most Australian landscapes and has an important influence on the biological productivity and biotic composition of many ecosystems. Although fire is commonly used as a management tool, the precise nature of the way it may influence productivity and biotic composition is often poorly understood and, as a consequence, its use is controversial. This paper considers the use of fire for the management of ecosystems. Specifically, the influences of fire on environmental heterogeneity and the effects these have on shaping biological productivity and biotic patterns are discussed. Heterogeneity that affects biotic response includes variation in biophysical attributes of landscapes such as topography, fire regimes and the spatial attributes of fire. Examples are used to address the interplay between fires, environmental heterogeneity and biological patterns: (1) the effects of frees on plant resource availability; (2) crown scorch in eucalypt forests; and (3) the effects of spatial variation (patchiness) within a fire on species composition. Heterogeneity should be considered explicitly in management because prescriptions devised elsewhere may not be able to be imported with confidence to all sites and the responses of the biota to fires may differ from available information. Ecological monitoring and research into the ecological effects of heterogeneity are required to provide a predictive understanding of natural systems and provide information to aid decisions about the use of fire as a management tool.
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Long, P. J., and V. L. Long. "THE CHELONIA SEISMIC SURVEY: MINIMISING ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS ON A NATURE RESERVE." APPEA Journal 32, no. 1 (1992): 429. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/aj91035.
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Onshore seismic surveys are traditionally associated with wide straight tracks, required for access by seismic vehicles and denuded of vegetation. The proposal by Lasmo Oil (Australia) Ltd and its co-venturers to perform a seismic survey on the Muiron Islands Nature Reserve was therefore received with some concern by residents of nearby Exmouth in Western Australia. The proponent undertook extensive surveys of the existing environment, however, and produced a strict environmental management plan which featured innovative methods to minimise impacts on both flora and fauna — in particular the extensive Wedge-tailed Shearwater colony on the islands. These methods were executed much as planned and caused negligible destruction of vegetation and no known bird mortality. The results indicate the management plan was highly successful and established a new benchmark for exploration in sensitive areas.This paper outlines the environmental management plan developed for the work and documents the results of the procedures employed. It concludes that such methods could be applied to similar projects elsewhere.
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Słyś, Daniel, Agnieszka Stec, and Martina Zeleňáková. "A LCC Analysis of Rainwater Management Variants." Ecological Chemistry and Engineering S 19, no. 3 (January 1, 2012): 359–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10216-011-0026-7.
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A LCC Analysis of Rainwater Management VariantsThe paper presents results of the Life Cycle Cost (LCC) analysis carried out for several variants of rainfall water management in a newly designed multi-family dwelling house. According to the LCC methodology, calculations were performed for the whole undertaking life cycle with both investment outlays and operation/maintenance costs taken into account. The LCC analysis was carried out, in particular, for a variant assuming that the rainwater collected from the roof will be entirely discharged to the sewage system. On the other hand, the second variant provided for replacement of traditional building roof with a green one. Facilities of that type, thanks to their retention properties, may delay runoff of rainwater and reduce the overall quantity of water discharged from roof surface and therefore can be classified as Sustainable Urban Drainage Systems. In the third case considered, rainwater is to be utilised in the building. It was assumed that precipitation water will be stored in a tank and used in the sanitary water supply system for flushing toilets, thus reducing the overall tap water purchase costs.
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Josefsson, Henrik. "Good Ecological Potential – A Credible Objective for Water Management?" Journal for European Environmental & Planning Law 13, no. 2 (June 23, 2016): 167–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/18760104-01302004.
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It is notable that of the environmental objectives of the Water Framework Directive (wfd), good ecological potential has been given less attention. The Weser case has made it possible to establish a more detailed understanding of ‘ecological potential’. An analysis indicates that the main approach to implementing ‘ecological potential’, the non-wfd mitigation-measure approach, creates discontinuity among the environmental objectives, which the wfd reference method does not. Even if the mitigation-measure approach accommodates enhancements, bodies of water are still not classified in accordance with the wfd. If a body of water is incorrectly classified, both good ecological potential and the non-deterioration prohibition should not be binding, as the ‘ecological status’ has not been determined. Furthermore, two different and uncoordinated forms of ‘ecological potential’ establish diverging quality standards, and risk legal uncertainty and inconstancy among Member States.
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Ruiz Jr, Facundo Burgos, Márcia Silva Santos, Helen Souto Siqueira, and Ulisses Correa Cotta. "Clinical features, diagnosis and treatment of acute primary headaches at an emergency center: why are we still neglecting the evidence?" Arquivos de Neuro-Psiquiatria 65, no. 4b (December 2007): 1130–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0004-282x2007000700007.
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In order to analyze the clinical features, approach and treatment of patients with acute primary headaches seen at the Clinics Hospital of the Federal University of Uberlândia (HC-UFU) throughout 2005, the medical charts of 109 patients were evaluated through a standardized questionnaire as to age, gender, main diagnosis, characteristics of the headache attacks, diagnostic tests and treatment. Probable migraine was the most common type of primary headache (47.7%), followed by probable tension-type headache (37.6%), unspecified headache (11.9%), and headache not elsewhere classified (2.8%). As to characteristics of the crisis, the location of the pain was described in 86.2% of the patients. The most commonly used drugs for treatment of acute headache attacks were dipyrone (74.5%), tenoxicam (31.8%), diazepam (20.9%), dimenhydrate (10.9%), and metochlopramide (9.9%). The data collected are in agreement with those reported in literature. In most cases, treatment was not what is recommended by consensus or clinical studies with appropriate methodology. Therefore, we suggest the introduction of a specific acute headache management protocol which could facilitate the diagnosis, treatment and management of these patients.
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Walker, Rae, Jonathan Pietsch, Lisa Delaney, Barry Hahn, Carolyn Wallace, and Kitty Billings. "Partnership Management: Working Across Organisational Boundaries." Australian Journal of Primary Health 13, no. 3 (2007): 9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/py07032.
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The short paper that follows is fundamentally about evidence-based practice. In Kuruvilla, Mays, Pleasant and Walt's (2006) terms it was an exercise in the application of research to service development and evidence-based practice. In Walter, Nutley, and Davies' (2003) taxonomy it resulted in a professional intervention, the development of which was led by research users seeking evidence to inform practice development. The team emerged out of a social network of individuals interested in partnership development issues (Kalucy, McIntyre, & Jackson-Bowers, 2007). The resulting paper was the foundation for a significant investment, by the Department of Human Services, in building capacity for partnership leadership in Victoria. The team that undertook this research-to-practice project consisted of three Primary Care Partnership (PCP) executive officers/managers, one of whom was also executive officer to the Statewide Chairs and Managers Group, a university researcher, and a final year undergraduate student working as a volunteer. The executive officer to the Statewide Chairs and Managers Group formed the team to explore broad issues of PCP development and to report to the chairs. The Statewide Chairs and Managers Group was the pathway through which the group's work would reach decision-makers. After a series of meetings to clarify the issues to be addressed, a developmental process for working with the chairs and managers was designed. The executive officers/managers were key to clear issue definition and appropriate process; the researcher to linking the issues to the partnership evidence base. The process relied on tapping the tacit knowledge of PCP managers and chairs and relating this to the relevant body of research. In this process implicit learning needs in regard to partnership leadership were articulated within a framework developed out of a complex research project undertaken with similar partnerships elsewhere. The university researcher on the team had a long history of research into partnerships and networks in the field of primary health care. The specific research project in question was a National Health and Medical Research Council-funded study of trust in the relationships between organisations in a Primary Care Partnership. The study of trust in a partnership is necessarily a study of partnership processes more generally. It was the general learning about partnership processes from this and related research that turned out to be so useful for the service system. The report of this work, that follows, was written in a form suitable for decision-making. It is not a research report but it is built on strong research-based frameworks that were "tested" in the local context. The recommendations are specific to PCPs in Victoria but will also be familiar to partnership workers elsewhere. The predicted effects of the recommendations are supported by research evidence.
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Niu, Ru Xuan, Ying Qun Ma, Qun Hui Wang, Bo Yue, Yu Fei Yang, and Hong Zhi Ma. "Environmental Risk Assessment and Environmental Management of Waste Organic Solvents in Electronics Industry." Applied Mechanics and Materials 768 (June 2015): 595–601. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.768.595.
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Waste organic solvents have been classified as hazardous waste in many countries because of their toxicity, high volatility and Ignitability. Waste organic solvents are produced in a lot of industries including of the electronics industry. In this industry, organic solvents are used as cleaning agent and developer, which would generate a lot of waste organic solvents. In China, in the management and re-use of waste organic solvents, the current management systems are not completely. So it is need to learn the laws and regulations, treatment and disposal technologies, control standards of waste organic solvents generated in electronics industry in the developed countries. In this paper, based on an organic solvent waste for feature analysis and risk assessment, which generated by the electronics industry, Therefore, the waste organic solvent has a more serious environmental risk and human health risk through the soil and underwater than the air. Forbid the waste organic solvents produced company casual dump, in order to avoid the waste pollution. The evaluation result of the waste organic solvents produced by China's electronics industry is the data basis to obtain relevant management regulations On this basis, put forward the suggestion and management specifications of waste organic solvents, provide strong supports for the revise of the " National Catalogue of Hazardous Wastes ".
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Whitehead, J. H., and A. Leventhal. "On-site wastewater management system design and landslide risk assessment." Water Science and Technology 51, no. 10 (May 1, 2005): 55–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2005.0351.
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On-site wastewater management system design and performance is significant in assessing landslide risk in areas with potential for slope instability. Much of the development in Pittwater, NSW, local government area is on steep coastal land which has a history of slope instability. Concern over cases of poorly performing or failing on-site wastewater systems and the recognition that these and newly designed systems could be contributory to slope instability has been a factor in Pittwater Council, NSW, requiring that landslide risk assessment be undertaken for new and amended on-site wastewater management systems in potentially unstable areas. This paper describes the wastewater management system design and landslide risk assessment undertaken at Pittwater Youth Hostel in accordance with the Australian Geomechanics Society's Geotechnical Risk Management procedure to comply with the Pittwater Policy. The work completed illustrates both necessary and effective interaction of the wastewater and geotechnical professions to achieve a successful outcome for the client. It is likely that this professional interaction will be increasingly common along the NSW coast and elsewhere.
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DONNELLY, ALISON, TERRY PRENDERGAST, and MARIE HANUSCH. "EXAMINING QUALITY OF ENVIRONMENTAL OBJECTIVES, TARGETS AND INDICATORS IN ENVIRONMENTAL REPORTS PREPARED FOR STRATEGIC ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT." Journal of Environmental Assessment Policy and Management 10, no. 04 (December 2008): 381–401. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1464333208003196.
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Due to the pivotal role of environmental objectives, targets and indicators in Strategic Environmental Assessment (SEA) to assess environmental impact and monitor environmental condition resulting from a proposed plan it is crucial to ensure high quality in their development. Here we present a quality assurance checklist for practitioners to ensure compliance with (i) the minimum requirements of the SEA Directive and (ii) guidelines established by the Irish government for SEA of land use development plans. Furthermore, we propose additional recommended tasks based on expertise and experience gained in carrying out SEA to ensure high quality. Some of the questions posed in the checklist include, for example, "Are the environmental indicators capable of demonstrating the likely significant environmental impact(s) of the implementation of the proposed plan or programme?", "Have limits and thresholds been established for each environmental target?" and "Is responsibility for implementing the monitoring programme clearly defined?". We applied the completed checklist to 10 environmental reports from Ireland, Wales, England, Malta and Germany and proposed a grading system for comparative purposes. The results showed varying quality among the ERs from Ireland, UK and Malta. In addition, we found that the checklist did not directly apply to the German ERs because of the different approach taken to SEA whereby environmental targets and indicators were used in a more implicit manner than elsewhere. However, as environmental objectives and the monitoring programmes were similar for all ERs we concluded that different approaches still resulted in a manageable and focused monitoring system.
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Pannu, Ashok Kumar, and Rithvik Golla. "Spontaneous expulsion of a pulmonary hydatid cyst through bronchial rupture." Tropical Doctor 48, no. 4 (August 6, 2018): 350–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0049475518789550.
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The management of a pulmonary echinococcal cyst consists mainly of medical treatment with a scolicidal agent such as albendazole and surgical extirpation. Rarely, a pulmonary cyst may rupture into a bronchus and be spontaneously expelled. This may result in seeding elsewhere in the bronchial tree, or even the alimentary tract, but occasionally, as in our case, may result in a cure.
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Kottala, Sri Yogi. "Sustainable Supply Chain Management Practices." International Journal of Social Ecology and Sustainable Development 12, no. 3 (July 2021): 47–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijsesd.2021070104.
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This paper made an effort to compile the relevant research articles in the last 18 years on sustainable supply chain management practices. The author has classified the review based on sustainability in manufacturing and supply chain aspects using the dimensions of sustainability (i.e., economic, environment social aspects, and sustainable supply chain management performance evaluation). The authors summarized the relevant work published in noted refereed national and international journals and conference proceedings. The work suggested some research directions as well as propositions for researchers, especially with reference to the Indian context.
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Tkachenko, Nataliya, Rob Procter, and Stephen Jarvis. "From Kontrollverlust to Kontrollgewinn: Rediscovering a Meso-Level Normative Hierarchy for Integrated Water Management in England Using On-Line Activities." Proceedings of the International AAAI Conference on Web and Social Media 10, no. 2 (August 4, 2021): 199–202. http://dx.doi.org/10.1609/icwsm.v10i2.14855.
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This paper presents a unique study into how to identify a meso-level normative (i.e., institutional) hierarchy of procedures that aim to deliver the ecological status of waterbodies in the UK. Using traditional survey and workshop methods, the majority of recent studies concentrate on engagement practices between macro- (government bodies) and micro- (local residents) level structures, which can be potentially replicated elsewhere. Meso-level elements (middle-level structures of control) are often regarded as ‘subjective institutional change’, e.g., failures to implement programs locally or misinterpretations of reflexive dialogs with communities. Nevertheless, it is often only meso-level structures that are capable of promoting and replicating policies elsewhere. At the same time, there is increasing appeal by governmental departments for communities to ‘self-organize’ and take responsibility for prioritizing environmental tasks, which themselves might be instigated by local trusts and voluntary organizations, the existence of which remains largely unaccounted for by central offices. The recent proliferation of Twitter accounts, with the prominent themes of water, ecology and ecosystems, which include people, organizations, businesses and ‘bots’ of various types, presents new opportunities for digital methods to gain insights into structures and functions of these virtual communities. We hypothesize that our methods can produce invaluable insights into the ‘crafting’ of environmental institutions through approaches commonly ignored by traditional ‘analog’ meso-level mechanisms. We use the example of Integrated Catchment Management in the UK, and specifically the Tamar Catchment in southwest England, in order to demonstrate how well Twitter can capture this transitory meso-level environmental political system.
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Dragozova-Ivanova, Elena, Ivan Paligorov, Ivaylo Ivanov, and Stanislava Kovacheva. "Management Modelling for Forest Landscapes." Economics and Business 28, no. 1 (April 1, 2016): 90–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/eb-2016-0013.
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AbstractThe article presents alternatives for sustainable management of forest landscapes based on the analysis of Teteven area in Bulgaria. The conclusions are a result of research of 21 main factors, which are identified and evaluated with varying weight by experts and classified in five groups: environmental, social, economic, technological and political. In order to identify the most important and key factors, a structural analysis is applied. The alternatives are summarised in four scenarios called No Management, Ecological and Close to the Nature, Traditional Management and Maximum Potential Benefit.
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Okuneye, P. A., and P. A. Banwo. "Bloodmeal, livestock feed and investment opportunities in Nigeria and elsewhere." Biological Wastes 31, no. 2 (January 1990): 85–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0269-7483(90)90163-m.
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SAUNDERS, CAROLINE, and SELIM CAGATAY. "TRADE AND THE ENVIRONMENT: ECONOMIC AND ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS OF GLOBAL DAIRY TRADE LIBERALISATION." Journal of Environmental Assessment Policy and Management 06, no. 03 (September 2004): 339–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1464333204001766.
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This paper presents a partial equilibrium model of dairy sector international trade which has been extended to include physical dairy production systems and their effect on water quality. This combined model, LTEM (Lincoln Trade and Environment Model), is then used to simulate the effects of liberalisation policies on trade flows, dairy production systems and groundwater nitrate levels across different countries. The results show expected variation in price and production impacts, but also varying effects on groundwater quality between and within countries. More specifically, whilst liberalisation lowers dairy production in the EU and reduces the EU nitrate pollution slightly, the balancing production increases elsewhere lead to marginally higher pollution in other countries. This is of policy relevance given contemporary debates about the likely net environmental effect of further trade liberalisation.
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Orhon, Derin, Seval Sözen, Erdem Görgün, Emine Ubay Çokgör, and Nazik Artan. "Technological aspects of wastewater management in coastal tourist areas." Water Science and Technology 39, no. 8 (April 1, 1999): 177–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1999.0415.
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Coastal tourist areas should be classified as environmentally sensitive areas. Effective nutrient control should be implemented to safeguard the quality of receiving waters in these areas. In this context, the applicable discharge limitations are reviewed with specific reference to European directives and criteria developed for small coastal residential areas in Turkey are reported; wastewater characterization and its impact on treatment technology selection is reviewed; appropriate treatment technologies are evaluated in terms of selecting new applications and upgrading and retrofitting existing systems.
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Uddin, Mohammad Main, and Rabiul Islam. "Green HRM: Goal Attainment through Environmental Sustainability." Journal of Nepalese Business Studies 9, no. 1 (March 1, 2016): 14–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jnbs.v9i1.14590.
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The green Human Resources Management has emerged from companies engaging in practices related to protection of environment and maintaining ecological balance. The slogan is earning profit through environmental sustainability. This paper proposes the development of a model of green human resource management by reviewing the literature on human resource aspects of environmental management. The study followed archival method of literature review. The literature has been classified on the basis of entry to exit processes in the HRM on the basis of available literature on green Human Resources. From the perspective of green human resource management, this study argues that Green HRM can play a useful role in business in promoting environment related issues by adopting and following the processes. Finally, the paper proposes some research agenda for the future study.Journal of Nepalese Bussiness Studies Vol. 9, No. 1, 2015 pp. 13-19
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Mesthrige, Jayantha Wadu, and Hoi-Ting Chan. "ENVIRONMENTAL CERTIFICATION SCHEMES AND PROPERTY VALUES: EVIDENCE FROM THE HONG KONG PRIME COMMERCIAL OFFICE MARKET." International Journal of Strategic Property Management 23, no. 2 (January 18, 2019): 81–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/ijspm.2019.7434.
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A barrier to green-building development is the uncertainty and scepticism about the financial implications. This study aimed to investigate whether the green-certification schemes help buyers to recognize the benefits of green office buildings by their willingness to pay a premium for such buildings. The study used a hedonic-model based on a sample of 67 prime office buildings (including non-green comparables) certified by HKBEAM, BEAM-Plus and LEED in Hong Kong. The empirical findings suggest that green certification schemes add extra value to an office property. The rental value of office properties certified by HKBEAM, BEAM Plus and LEED is about 10.9% higher than for non-certified office buildings. More specifically, tenants/users are willing to pay a premium of 10.9% for green-certified office properties. The findings have practical implications in encouraging green building development in Hong Kong and elsewhere. The findings indicate that the higher rental income from green office buildings can cover the additional cost of obtaining green certification within a period of 22-months (22.32 months) in Hong Kong. The results provide references for various stakeholders (developers/investors/users) in establishing the business case for green-office buildings, because of the ability of the market to capitalize the environmental benefits of green office properties.
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Hu, Xiao Ying, Xiao Chun Peng, Yang Zheng, and Yan Yu Wu. "Study on Index System for Graded and Classified Management of Enterprises Importing Scrap Metal." Advanced Materials Research 878 (January 2014): 879–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.878.879.
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Studying the status quo of the management and technology of the enterprises processing and utilizing the imported scrap metals, this paper identifies the environmental risks of such enterprises and constructs a index system for graded and classified management of enterprises importing scrap metals, which includes seven criterion layers, namely raw material hazard index (S1), product index (S2), site index (S3), production process and equipment index (S4), pollution prevention and control index (S5), environmental management index (S6) and corporate compliance index (S7), and 22 indexes. The paper also calculates the weight of each index with analytic hierarchy process.
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Guico-Pabia, Christine J., Laura Cioffi, and Lawrence G. Shoner. "The Lucent-Takes-Heart Cardiovascular Health Management Program." AAOHN Journal 50, no. 8 (August 2002): 365–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/216507990205000809.
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This prospective, pre- and postevaluation of a worksite cardiovascular health management program consisted of employee education, measurement of cardiovascular risk factors, and on-site individual counseling for all employees, along with follow up screening for high risk participants. Of 1,099 employees (16.4% of those eligible) who participated in the initial screening, 596 (54.2%) were classified as high risk. A total of 167 (28.0%) high risk participants completed the 6 month follow up screening. Most high risk participants in the 6 month follow up screening reported they had increased their exercise (64.7%), improved their diet (71.3%), and visited a physician (61.7%). A minority of the participants (16.8%) began new cardiovascular medications, and 2.4% were diagnosed with diabetes. In addition, there were statistically significant decreases in the percentages of participants with elevated systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, low density lipoprotein cholesterol, and total cholesterol to high density lipoprotein ratio. Almost all (99.7%) of the 909 participants (82.7% of all participants) who completed the satisfaction survey were satisfied or very satisfied with the overall program. Screening in the workplace can identify individuals at high risk for cardiovascular disease. In this study, more than half of the participants were classified as high risk. Most high risk individuals who attended the 6 month follow up screening had improved their cardiovascular health, but attrition remains a challenge for worksite programs.
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Amrani, Hanafi. "Criminal Policy on Environmental Crimes: Indonesia’s Perspective." Academic Journal of Interdisciplinary Studies 11, no. 3 (May 5, 2022): 360. http://dx.doi.org/10.36941/ajis-2022-0088.
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This study aims to analyze Indonesia's perspective in criminal policy towards environmental crime considered as malum prohibitum offense. Almost all academics agree that environmental crime is known as malum prohibitum offense because of its form of regulation which is usually driven by the absence of mens rea and its evil nature. However, the results of some studies subsequently oppose the status of environmental crime as malum prohibitum offense because the criteria are not fulfilled. Indonesia regulates environmental crimes in administrative law, which are classified into malum prohibitum. Furthermore, they are classified into malum in se offense based on serious sanctions.
Received: 30 January 2022 / Accepted: 13 April 2022 / Published: 5 May 2022
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Newall, Peter R., Lance N. Lloyd, Peter A. Gell, and Keith F. Walker. "Implications of environmental trajectories for Limits of Acceptable Change: a case study of the Riverland Ramsar site, South Australia." Marine and Freshwater Research 67, no. 6 (2016): 738. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/mf14187.
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The Riverland Ramsar site in south-eastern Australia has Limits of Acceptable Change (LAC) derived on the basis of hydrological regimes and vegetation requirements. This study evaluated LAC for the site against trajectories of environmental change including increasing river regulation and changing climate. The study identified a high likelihood of exceedances of the LAC from changed hydrologic regime and also from changing climate, with the combined influences increasing the likelihood of breaches. Regional climatic variations in the past call into question the concept of baseline conditions for this site and elsewhere, and suggest that management plans based on ecological variation around a point in time will be insufficient. Vulnerability assessment, adaptation enhancement, and regular reviews of site condition and regional significance are suggested components for future management of Ramsar sites.
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Chaiyarat, Rattanawat, Namphung Youngpoy, Praeploy Kongsurakan, and Seree Nakbun. "Habitat preferences of reintroduced banteng (Bos javanicus) into the Salakphra Wildlife Sanctuary, Thailand." Wildlife Research 46, no. 7 (2019): 573. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wr18184.
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Abstract ContextLarge forest-dwelling mammals are highly sensitive to habitat structure. Thus, understanding the responses of reintroduced banteng (Bos javanicus d’Alton 1823) to their habitat is important for ensuring the sustainability of a reintroduction program. AimsThe aim of the present study was to evaluate the habitat preferences of banteng after reintroduction into the Salakphra Wildlife Sanctuary in Thailand on the basis of fieldwork conducted between January 2015 and November 2017. MethodsSeven banteng individuals bred at the Khao Nampu Nature and Wildlife Education Center were systematically reintroduced into the Salakphra Wildlife Sanctuary in 2015 (four individuals) and 2016 (three individuals). The banteng individuals were tracked via radio-collars and camera-traps. The maximum-entropy method (MaxEnt) and multiple logistic regressions (MLR) were used to identify habitat preferences. Kernel-density estimates (KDE) and a minimum convex polygon (MCP) were used to estimate the area of the habitat used. Key resultsIn total, 407 radio-signal locations showed that the MaxEnt habitat-preference models classified the banteng as associated with distance from villages and salt licks (regularised training gain of >1.0). Multiple logistic regressions form 32 camera-trap locations classified the banteng as associated with low elevations far from villages, guard stations and roads in a flat area (no aspect). The two methods for estimating habitat use provided similar results and showed that the reintroduced banteng used a wider range of habitat in the dry than in the wet season. ConclusionsThe results from the present study suggest that the reintroduced banteng individuals prefer low elevations and flat areas without human activity. ImplicationsThese findings are important for possible translocations elsewhere.
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Chen, Yuanhua, Hao Wang, and Tianwei Sun. "Research on technical support SaaS platform of soil pollution control based on the whole process management." E3S Web of Conferences 269 (2021): 01014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202126901014.
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In order to improve the effect of soil pollution prevention and control, a technical-support cloud platform is designed to establish a high-level technologies, uniform standards, and regulatory tool for soil environmental investigation, risk assessment and repair work. Firstly, according to the process of soil remediation, combined with the source and pollution characteristics of soil pollutants, the main pollution components in the soil environment were classified and distributed, and then the platform was designed and developed. The system has the functions of project management, query, risk analysis and prediction, drawing, tabulation and so on. Finally, combining with the soil environmental quality standards, the effectiveness and cost indicators of the treatment methods were classified and digitized, which would greatly improve the implementation efficiency and reduce the cost of the project management.