Journal articles on the topic 'Environmental management (except in natural environment)'
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1
Joseph, Abhinav, Pawan Gupta, Gahin De, Manohar Lal, Mukesh Kumar Meena, Laliteshwar Pratap Singh, and Jyotsna Rattan. "Biodegradation of Natural Rubber by Fungi and Bacteria." Nature Environment and Pollution Technology 21, no. 3 (September 1, 2022): 1039–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.46488/nept.2022.v21i03.010.
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Environmental pollution is currently one of the major problems that are threatening biodiversity, ecosystems, and human health around the world. Natural rubber, which is one of the most significant polymers due to its variety of uses, has now become a serious environmental concern. Rubber waste management poses one of the greatest problems because it is extremely resilient and persists in the environment despite several mitigation efforts. Biodegradation is an eco-friendly alternative to conventional disposal methods and has gained tremendous interest in recent years. Several studies on rubber biodegradation utilizing fungi and bacteria have been reported. However, except for a few studies on technical applications, the majority of research on these microbes has focused on the fundamentals of rubber biodegradation. The challenge with biodegradation as a potential solution for rubber waste management is that we have limited mechanistic insight into rubber biodegradation, and the complicated composition of rubber products inhibits cell growth and activity of microbes. Thus it becomes important to fully comprehend the mechanism of rubber biodegradation and continue the search for new microbial strains so that the acquired knowledge can be utilized to develop a biodegradation process suitable for scale-up. In this short review, rubber degradation using fungi and bacteria is highlighted.
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Vasconcelos, Pedro F. C., Amélia P. A. Travassos da Rosa, Sueli G. Rodrigues, Elizabeth S. Travassos da Rosa, Nicolas Dégallier, and Jorge F. S. Travassos da Rosa. "Inadequate management of natural ecosystem in the Brazilian Amazon region results in the emergence and reemergence of arboviruses." Cadernos de Saúde Pública 17, suppl (2001): S155—S164. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0102-311x2001000700025.
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A total of 187 different species of arboviruses and other viruses in vertebrates were identified at the Evandro Chagas Institute (IEC) from 1954 to 1998, among more than 10,000 arbovirus strains isolated from humans, hematophagous insects, and wild and sentinel vertebrates. Despite intensive studies in the Brazilian Amazon region, especially in Pará State, very little is known about most of these viruses, except for information on date, time, source, and method of isolation, as well as their capacity to infect laboratory animals. This paper reviews ecological and epidemiological data and analyzes the impact of vector and host population changes on various viruses as a result of profound changes in the natural environment. Deforestation, mining, dam and highway construction, human colonization, and urbanization were the main manmade environmental changes associated with the emergence and/or reemergence of relevant arboviruses, including some known pathogens for humans.
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Sakti, Tryas Sukmaning, and R. Moh Qudsi Fauzi. "VALUASI EKONOMI EKOWISATA MANGROVE BANYUURIP: APLIKASI TRAVEL COST METHOD DAN TINJAUANNYA DALAM PERSPEKTIF ISLAM." Jurnal Ekonomi Syariah Teori dan Terapan 7, no. 7 (July 14, 2020): 1287. http://dx.doi.org/10.20473/vol7iss20207pp1287-1302.
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This study applies of economic valuation using individual travel cost method derived from environmental services such as Banyuurip Mangrove Ecotourism which have no market value. Ordinary least square (OLS) is used to determine the factors that affect the number of tourist visits and estimate the economic value of Banyuurip Mangrove Ecotourism. The results of the estimation show that all independent variables statistically significantly influence the number of visits to Mangrove Ecotourism except for age variables. The calculation results show the economic value of Mangrove Ecotourism is 1,124,551,798.76 rupiah per year. Based on the perspective of Islamic natural resources and environment, Mangrove Banyuurip has applied several principles in its management. Seen from the treatment of mangrove ecotourism in protecting the environment so that does not occur damage in accordance with the principles of Islamic natural and economic resources. Fulfillment of worship facilities, namely the musholla provided for visitors, which is reflected in QS Ad-Dzariat ayah 56. The results of this study can be used as a consideration in making further policies for better development and management.Keywords: economic valuation, ecotourism, Banyuurip Mangrove, individual travel cost method, OLS, Islamic perspective
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Alishiri, Mehdi, Amir Hooman Hemmasi, Habibollah Khademi Eslam, Sedigheh Basirjafari, and Mohammad Talaeipour. "Evaluation and comparison the properties of acoustic boards made of date palm fiber." BioResources 16, no. 4 (September 30, 2021): 7702–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.15376/biores.16.4.7702-7715.
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Applying acoustic panels made of natural fibers, due to their high biodegradable characteristics, light weight, low density, cheap price and non-toxicity, are proper alternatives to acoustic absorbers made of synthetic fibers. Considering their stance and vast applicability in industry, the possibility of producing them of natural palm fibers with sodium silicate adhesive of 10 and 20% in two 16 and 32 mm thicknesses, 350 and 450 kg/m3 densities, 50 and 100 mm particles length (strands), as variable factors in 16 types of matched panels with 3 repetitions is proposed in this article. The palm-trunk discs constituted the control sample. The effect of variables on sound absorption coefficient was assessed. The effect of variable thickness and adhesive percentage on all frequencies was significant and the effect of density variable on all frequencies except 250 and 2000 Hz was also significant. The effect of particle length was significant except at the 500 Hz frequency. The effects of all variables on porosity were significant. The results of this study suggest that by applying date palm-trunk (an agricultural waste) combined with sodium silicate adhesive, industrial environment-friendly panels can be produced with proper sound absorption coefficient in the field of acoustics. This 32-mm-thick panel was composed of 80% date palm-trunk particles of 50 mm length, 450 kg/m3 density, and 20% sodium silicate adhesive.
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Wang, Danmeng, Shilin Li, Shynggys Toktarbek, Nueryia Jiakula, Ping Ma, and Yongzhong Feng. "Research on the Coordination between Agricultural Production and Environmental Protection in Kazakhstan Based on the Rationality of the Objective Weighting Method." Sustainability 14, no. 6 (March 21, 2022): 3700. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su14063700.
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In the context of sustainable development, agricultural production and environmental protection are inseparable, and environmental quality directly affects regional agricultural production safety. Kazakhstan is the largest food producer and exporter in Central Asia, and the quality of its agricultural environment is of great significance to international food security. This study focuses on the rationality of the entropy weight, factor weight, and CRITIC weight in the agricultural environmental evaluation within the common objective weight method, and comprehensively evaluates the coordination of environmental protection and agricultural production in Kazakhstan. The results show that (1) CRITIC weights are the most stable, followed by factor weights, while entropy weighting is the most unstable; objective weighting methods have their limitations and must be related to actual conditions and subjective experience. (2) The level of environmental protection and the degree of coordination are most problematic near the Aral Sea, followed by the remaining western region; the results reveal that these evaluation indexs are also insufficient at Kostany and Karagandy in the central region; this is caused by historical issues, climate change, natural conditions, and agricultural management patterns. Investment in environmental protection and agricultural production management should be coordinated in a targeted manner. (3) Except for the areas near the Aral Sea, the level of agricultural production in other states is very promising. This research serves as a reference for environmental assessment research, environmental governance investment, and agricultural production management in Kazakhstan.
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van Klinken, Rieks D., and Margaret H. Friedel. "Unassisted invasions: understanding and responding to Australia’s high-impact environmental grass weeds." Australian Journal of Botany 65, no. 8 (2017): 678. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/bt17152.
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Alien grass species have been intentionally introduced into Australia since European settlement over 200 years ago, with many subsequently becoming weeds of natural environments. We have identified the subset of these weeds that have invaded and become dominant in environmentally important areas in the absence of modern anthropogenic disturbance, calling them ‘high-impact species’. We also examined why these high-impact species were successful, and what that might mean for management. Seventeen high-impact species were identified through literature review and expert advice; all had arrived by 1945, and all except one were imported intentionally, 16 of the 17 were perennial and four of the 17 were aquatic. They had become dominant in diverse habitats and climates, although some environments still remain largely uninvaded despite apparently ample opportunities. Why these species succeeded remains largely untested, but evidence suggests a combination of ecological novelty (both intended at time of introduction and unanticipated), propagule pressure (through high reproductive rate and dominance in nearby anthropogenically-disturbed habitats) and an ability to respond to, and even alter, natural disturbance regimes (especially fire and inundation). Serious knowledge gaps remain for these species, but indications are that resources could be better focused on understanding and managing this limited group of high-impact species. They require new management approaches, especially to counteract the advantages of ecological novelty, reduce propagule pressure and better direct the large-scale disturbance regimes that continue to shape plant communities across Australia.
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Ajani, Funmilola, and Haminat Abisola Adedoyin. "Evaluation Environmental Indicators: A Case Study of Public and Private Resorts in Lagos state, Nigeria." International Journal of Business and Social Research 6, no. 7 (August 20, 2016): 23. http://dx.doi.org/10.18533/ijbsr.v6i7.979.
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<p>Tourism has a major impact on natural and built environments, also on the wellbeing and culture of host populations. These effects can be positive or negative, depending on how tourism is developed and managed. This study aimed at evaluating the environmental quality and management of Whispering Palms Resort (private establishment) and Suntan Beach Resort (Government-owned). We use direct observation of the environment, structured questionnaires to the tourists as well as laboratory analysis of soil and water sample from the two sites for Total Coliform Count and Total Aerobic Count. Results show that Whispering Palms Resort is of higher quality with 70.9% while Suntan Beach had 47.4%. Facilities and services assessment shows that Whispering Palms Resort was rated high with 61.8%, and Suntan Beach Resort had 47.4%. Furthermore, the mean Total Aerobic Count and Total Coliform count obtained from soil and water sample exceeded USEPA standard for recreational waters, which should not exceed 500cell/100ml. We recommend that proper monitoring should be carried out on a regular basis to ensure clean and safe environment. </p><p> </p>
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Butler, W. H. "MULTIPLE LAND USE — AN ESSENTIAL PART OF ENVIRONMENTAL PLANNING." APPEA Journal 25, no. 1 (1985): 311. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/aj84027.
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The Australian petroleum industry has been involved in environmental planning and has developed an awareness of multiple land use over the past twentyfive years, more particularly over the past decade. This is in accord with the World Conservation Strategy and the National Conservation Strategy for Australia upon which the Australian State and Territory conservation strategies are based.As the term implies, multiple land use means a sharing of the land. The range of uses includes reserves, heritage areas, agriculture, urban and suburban development and mining. To achieve multiple land use requires the restoration of the environment to its pre-development state as quickly as possible so that both uses can be maintained. This requires that the new user assess the impact of his development well before it begins. This assessment is normally achieved through an Environmental Impact Statement (EIS) or Environmental Review and Management Plan (ERMP). Most operators are familiar with these requirements.This paper deals primarily with the restoration of the existing environment. Restoration is achieved by preserving, to the greatest extent possible, the vegetation and topsoil which are stripped from the development area. As little stockpiling as possible is done and the topsoil, mixed with the broken down vegetation, is returned as quickly as possible. In this way the contained seed load and nutrient values are not lost and regeneration results.Apart from the practical aspects there is a need for the workforce involved to understand what they are conserving and why they are conserving it. A delicate balance exists in nature wherein the surviving plants and animals are able to cope with natural disasters. Management plans must include the principle that the collective impact of a new development will at no time exceed the impact of natural catastrophes.
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Wojtas-Harań, Anna. "The concept of sustainable development in spatial management of mountain settlement units." E3S Web of Conferences 44 (2018): 00192. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/20184400192.
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Relationship between the built environment and nature is particularly noticeable in areas with valuable natural assets. The special physiographic conditions over there often initiate the development of towns, becoming even the impetus for the new, modern settlement. Many times the environmental advantages, paradoxically turn into theirs doom. Building imprints mark. Initially, it becomes the model complement with the natural world, until it does not exceed the difficult to define boundaries. The aim of this thesis is to search for solutions that will allow for spatial sustainability between the built and natural environments of the Karkonosze. The attractive mountain area used for sports and tourism now meets with the processes of urbanization. These issues are subject to analysis by the use of comparative method providing the different concepts of towns located in the high mountain areas of Austria. Described resorts with well-developed ski and tourism infrastructure can be examples of saving the scale and unique character, despite growing new needs and expectations of tourists and athletes. There is a chance to evolve their own local standards for space use in the Karkonosze. Key findings relate inter alia the size and the level of density of the villages. Because they affect the possibility of maintaining a proper relationship between man and nature. The issue of protection and use of historical complexes in the context of efficient space management is not without a significance.
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Park, Se-Hwi, Min Lee, Pureun-Narae Sun, and Eun-Chang Kang. "Effect of resin content on the physiochemical and combustion properties of wood fiber insulation board." BioResources 15, no. 3 (May 19, 2020): 5210–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.15376/biores.15.3.5210-5225.
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As petrochemical products (including plastics) contribute to the destruction of the natural environment, the use of such products must be reduced. Plastics account for 90% of the insulation materials used in Korea, including extruded polystyrene (EPS), expanded polystyrene (XPS), and urethane foam. Wood-fiber insulation board (WIB) is a promising natural alternative to petrochemical insulation. This study aimed to determine the optimal amount of adhesive resin required for manufacturing WIB. Fire-resistant WIB was prepared with a melamine-urea-formaldehyde (MUF) resin (ranging from 20% to 35%), and the physicochemical and fire-resistant properties were determined. Higher resin content led to improved physical properties, while the thermal conductivity was unaffected. With the exception of 35% resin content in the WIB, the formaldehyde emissions of the WIB samples complied with the Korean Industrial Standards requirements for Super E0 grade (less than 0.3 mg per L). The physicochemical properties of the WIB samples were sufficient for use as an insulating material, even at 20% resin content. A perpendicular flame test revealed that all samples formed a carbonized layer to prevent flame penetration, except for the specimen with 20% of the resin content. The cone calorimeter testing indicated that the MUF adhesives acted as an effective fire retardant at resin contents above 25%.
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ANDREI, Daniela Ruxandra, Rodica Manuela GOGONEA, Vergina CHIRITESCU, Gina SZTRUTEN (LEFTER), and Florin Marian BUSUIOC. "Ecotourism as a viable alternative for economic development of Romanian rural communities." Bulletin of University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine Cluj-Napoca. Agriculture 71, no. 1 (May 29, 2014): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.15835/buasvmcn-agr:9609.
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Perspective the use of space tourism in rural area, but not only in this area, must be based on the concept of ecological space based on the principle of equity, then an area needs to be provided in-house and in conditions of sustainable development. Sustainable human development can not be conceived outside the human settlements development of a viable economy and a diversified social life in a healthy environment, ensured respect cultural heritage - historical society. Numerous researches have shown that ecotourism can be a viable alternative for economic development of Romanian rural communities. This research aims to study ecotourism in the context of sustainable development of rural Romanian areas and conditions to protect its natural resources. This category of natural resources now put the following problems: exploitation beyond the regeneration, especially in soils and forests, pollution of the environment that minimizes the potential for regeneration. Having as main source of information national and international literature and data provided by the National Institute of Statistics of Romania, was created a pretty thorough fundamental research in specific field. The main research method was used were: bibliographical study, literature review and synthesis, collection and processing of statistical data, etc. Environmental protection has been considered as a basic problem in tourism since the beginning of this activity in our country. Ecological attitude towards natural resources exploitation involves giving unlimited and irrational generalization about the importance of scientific concept of biosphere preservation of natural resources for future generations. In the spirit of these principles requires development of ecological strategies of development (eco-development), capable of providing a healthy and rational use of resources specific to a particular ecosystem, to meet basic human needs. Protected areas are, in part, and highly attractive tourist destinations such as Danube Delta Biosphere Reserve, National Parks and other natural reserves, except, of course, scientific reserves (strictly protected). Protection and conservation of rural tourism potential is emerging as a separate issue, which requires collaboration of specialists in various fields. Starting from the concept that "sustainable development of viable and sustainable ecological development that is considered to meet the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs" tourism, especially ecotourism, as an economic activity, it is this scientific approach and should cooperate with other industries and economic activities to ensure environmental quality, resource base and its survival. More so, it becomes necessary co-participation, to this end, the central and local authorities, local communities, along with tourism providers and related services.
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Sallehuddin, Nurul Jannah, and Hanafi Ismail. "Treatment’s effect on mechanical properties of kenaf bast/natural rubber latex foam." BioResources 15, no. 4 (October 28, 2020): 9507–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.15376/biores.15.4.9507-9522.
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Non-treated and silane-treated kenaf bast/natural rubber latex foam (NRLF) were prepared using the Dunlop method at different filler loading (0, 3, 5, and 7 pphr). The properties were investigated in terms of mechanical properties, tensile, compression, hardness, and swelling behavior. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were used to characterize kenaf bast/NRLF. With the modulus at 100% elongation (M100), the compression strength and hardness showed increments in value with increments of kenaf loading. However, different results showed in tensile strength, elongation at break, swelling percentage, and recovery percentage, which decreased at higher filler loading. Silane-treated kenaf bast/NRLF showed higher value in all properties except for elongation at break, swelling, and recovery percentage. The improvement of properties was supported by SEM surface morphological studies that showed better adhesion between the rubber matrix and kenaf filler.
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Zhao, Haili, Yuhan Du, Jialiang Li, Minghui Wu, and Fang Zhang. "The Influence of Environment Factors on Chronic Non-Communicable Diseases in a Heavy Industry City—A Case of Xigu District of Lanzhou City." Sustainability 13, no. 22 (November 16, 2021): 12636. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su132212636.
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Taking Xigu District of Lanzhou City as an example, this paper systematically analyzes the spatio-temporal distribution characteristics of patients with chronic non-communicable diseases (NCD) and compares the differences between heating period and non-heating period. Furthermore, the impact paths of natural environmental factors and built-up environmental factors on NCD are probed with the help of the geographic detector. The results are as follows: In time, the incidence of NCD in Xigu district fluctuated from 2012 to 2019. In space, there was an overall declining trend in high incidence rate from the central area to the surrounding areas, among which Xigucheng street was the high-risk area. The incidence of NCD in heating period was higher than that of in non-heating period, and the number of H-H cluster areas was witnessed an obviously increasing growth in Sijiqing Street. There are significant differences in the explanatory power of different factors (if any) for NCD. The explanatory power of each index in Xigu District is as follows: Facility > SO2 > NO2 > PM2.5 > food > Beverage Service > Green Facilities > Traffic Regulations > medical facilities. The interaction between plant facilities and SO2 has the strongest effect on NCD. Except for the negative correlation between greening and medical facilities and the incidence of NCD, all the influencing factors were positively correlated with NCD.
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Naz, Farah, Barea Baig, and Kanwal Zahra. "Test of Calendar Anomalies in Derivative Market of Pakistan in Context of Covid Environment." Volume 15 Issue 1, Volume 15 Issue 1 (June 30, 2022): 60–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.34091/ajss.15.1.05.
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The aim of this study is to analyze impact and existence of three Calendar Anomalies i.e., day-of-the-week, month-of-the-year, and turn-of-the-month on the commodities i.e., gold, silver, natural gas, oil, and platinum that are traded on the Pakistan Mercantile Exchange (PMEX). The impact of calendar anomalies is investigated separately during and before COVID period. The simple OLS regression along with the three advanced models of Autoregressive Conditional Heteroskedasticity i.e., GARCH (1,1), TGARCH and EGARCH models are used in this research to study the calendar anomalies impact. The significant effect of day-of-the-week anomaly is observed in oil and silver commodity. Month-of-the-year anomaly exists in all commodities except oil. Whereas, significant turn-of-the-month effect is present in all the selected top traded commodities. This study is limited to different periods due to the newly launch commodities of PMEX. PMEX started daily data of silver, platinum, and natural gas from the year 2017, therefore only four commodities have been included in the current research. Keywords: Calendar Anomalies, Day-of-the-Week Anomaly, Month-of-the-Year Anomaly, Turn-of-the-Year Anomaly, COVID.
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Achag, Badre, Hind Mouhanni, and Abdelaziz Bendou. "Hydro-biological characterization and efficiency of natural waste stabilization ponds in a desert climate (city of Assa, Southern Morocco)." Journal of Water Supply: Research and Technology-Aqua 70, no. 3 (February 25, 2021): 361–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/aqua.2021.125.
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Abstract The city of Assa is located in a Saharian area characterized by an arid climate and water scarcity. Like any other Saharian city in a developing country, the city is facing the challenges of rapid urbanization and the need to improve wastewater treatment and management. The main objective of this work is to assess the performance of waste stabilization ponds in an arid area. This evaluation concerns microbiological and physico-chemical monitoring over three and twelve months respectively. Microbiological results indicate bacterial elimination rates of over 90% in autumn–winter due to the effectiveness of facultative ponds with 20–25 days of retention time, water clarity, ponds depth, and high sunlight exposure and penetration. Physico-chemical parameters surpass the Moroccan standards for reuse except Ph and T0 by 20–30%, this wastewater is relatively loaded with various pollutants, especially high organic load and low oxygen content. Statistical analysis has been made by principal component analysis (PCA), and confirms that dissolved oxygen, total suspended solids, COD and BOD5 do not reach the threshold for discharge into the natural environment, and moreover their reuse. For the improvement of the quality of these waters, it is legitimate to provide an upgrade of this plant by a tertiary treatment with maturation ponds.
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Xiong, Junnan, Wei Li, Hao Zhang, Weiming Cheng, Chongchong Ye, and Yunliang Zhao. "Selected Environmental Assessment Model and Spatial Analysis Method to Explain Correlations in Environmental and Socio-Economic Data with Possible Application for Explaining the State of the Ecosystem." Sustainability 11, no. 17 (September 2, 2019): 4781. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11174781.
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Regional ecosystem health is the basis for regular regional exploration, ecological protection, and sustainable development. This study explored ecosystem health at the southern end of the Hu Line (Sichuan and Yunnan provinces) using the pressure–state–response model and examined the spatial evolution of ecosystem health. The proportion of unhealthy and morbid cities decreased from 45.9% in 2000 to 35.1% in 2016. The imbalance of ecosystem health among cities has gradually increased since 2006, but more high-quality cities have emerged (Z of Moran’s Index < 1.96, p > 0.05). Overall, the regional ecosystem on the southeast side of the Hu Line was healthier than that on the northwest side. Differences in ecosystem health on both sides of the Hu Line showed decreasing trends over time except for the pressure score. The spatial pattern of ecosystem health moved along the Hu Line because the pressure and state scores of ecosystems were mainly determined by the natural environmental conditions. Based on the county-level assessment, the grade of imbalance within cities was divided, and those that were lagging were identified. To correct regional imbalances, a comprehensive and proactive policy framework for a smart development model was put forward in Sichuan and Yunnan.
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Almutairi, Kamel, Greg Thoma, and Alvaro Durand-Morat. "Ex-Ante Analysis of Economic, Social and Environmental Impacts of Large-Scale Renewable and Nuclear Energy Targets for Global Electricity Generation by 2030." Sustainability 10, no. 8 (August 14, 2018): 2884. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su10082884.
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This study assesses the economic, social and environmental impacts of renewable and nuclear energy targets for global electricity generation by 2030. It examines different regions, as they might experience different impacts depending on the structures of their economies and their local natural resources, to understand the impact of these targets on their economics and well-being of their people. These regions are: Saudi Arabia, the United States (US), China, India, Europe and Rest of World (ROW). A well-known Computable General Equilibrium (CGE) model, the Global Trade Analysis Project (GTAP), is modified and used to predict global economic shifts that would be triggered by two scenarios. The business as usual (BAU) scenario assumes that the current electricity mix remains unchanged until 2030. The Renewable and Nuclear Energy (RNE) scenario is based on the International Energy Outlook (IEO) 2016 prediction. The analysis shows that the GDP value of all regions, except India, is affected negatively. The study shows a loss of 4.45 million jobs worldwide in the RNE compared to the BAU. Finally, the implementation of planned renewable and nuclear energy slightly benefits the environment but not enough to mitigate rise in global temperature.
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Sutthichaimethee, Pruethsan, and Chanintorn Jittawiriyanukoon. "Analyzing the Impact of Causal Factors on Political Management to Determine Sustainability Policy under Environmental Law: Enriching the Covariance-based SEMxi Model." International Journal of Energy Economics and Policy 12, no. 4 (July 19, 2022): 282–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.32479/ijeep.11541.
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This research aims to develop a causal relationship model on political management for sustainability policy formation under Thai environmental law by applying the best and valid model with a non-spurious property called the Covariance-based on Structural Equation Model with exogenous variables (Covariance-based SEMxi Model). This newly-developed model is in distinction with any past models as it is made effectively applicable to any sectors across areas. The model can also be utilized to design a long-term forecasting model with the ability to determine appropriate future scenarios. When assessing the covariance-based SEMxi model performance, the mean absolute percentage error (MAPE) and the root mean square error (RMSE) are estimated at 1.19% and 1.30%, respectively, in comparison of other models, including Gray-Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average Model (GM-ARIMA), Gray Model (GM), Back Propagation Neural Network (BP), Artificial Neural Natural Model (ANN), and Multiple Regression Model (MR). As for the results, this research reveals a direct impact of economic factors on environmental and social factors. In the meanwhile, social factors have a direct impact on environmental and economic factors. The research also indicates a direct effect on the environment with a maximal magnitude of 67%. Whereas a direct effect of social factors on the environment is detected at the magnitude of 55%. These effects are perceived to exceed the specified carrying capacity set by Thailand. In addition, a causal relationship is observed between economic and social factors, where the environment is found with the lowest error correction capability of only 5 percent. At the same time, economic and social factors are noticed with greater correction capability of 59% and 31%, respectively. This finding implies that the ecosystem will experience slow recovery whenever it deteriorates. Hence, the government must place a higher concentration on the environment, while different measures on environmental legislation should be closely controlled to contain any future damage. Besides, energy consumption must be managed not to exceed the established carrying capacity by simultaneously implementing both proactive and reactive measures. This process can be strengthened by optimizing the newly-introduced model produced by this work for a scenario design in policy management to attain sustainability.
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Maynard, D. G., D. Paré, E. Thiffault, B. Lafleur, K. E. Hogg, and B. Kishchuk. "How do natural disturbances and human activities affect soils and tree nutrition and growth in the Canadian boreal forest?" Environmental Reviews 22, no. 2 (June 2014): 161–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/er-2013-0057.
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There are concerns about the effect of increasing resource extraction and other human activities on the soils and vegetation of the boreal zone. The review covers published papers between 1974 and 2012 to assess the effects of natural disturbances and human activities on soils and tree nutrition and growth of the Canadian boreal zone. Changes in soil and foliar nutrients following disturbance were also analyzed by meta-analysis. When sufficient replicated studies were not available for a given disturbance or nutrient, response assessments or narrative summaries are presented. The majority of fertilization studies in the boreal zone showed a positive tree growth response to nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) fertilization either individually or in combination. Large amounts of N may be lost through volatilization following fire depending on the severity and frequency of the fire. This may contribute to N limitation in the boreal zone. Available soil P and extractable calcium (Ca) and magnesium (Mg) increased in the surface horizons following fire. In contrast, extractable P decreased following harvest. Harvesting had no effect on total or inorganic N except in mixedwoods where total N decreased in the surface organic horizon following harvest. These are potential areas of concern given tree growth responses to N and P fertilization. Potassium (K) in the forest floor did not change following fire or harvesting; thus, K availability for tree nutrition should not be at risk, since its cycle is rapidly restored. Mercury (Hg) cycling may be altered in the boreal zone as a result of flooding and if fire return intervals and intensities increase. Interactions of multiple disturbances may increase the risk of nutrient depletions, but there is currently little information on these interactions in the boreal zone. Evidence to date suggests the soils of the Canadian boreal zone have not been adversely affected except in localized areas. However, there is the risk of nutrient loss if soils are not considered in our forest management strategies, particularly where multiple disturbances may interact. The potential for off-site movement of nutrients and contaminants into the atmospheric and aquatic ecosystems, in addition to on-site environmental issues, is also a concern.
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Jin, Yue, and Ning Zhang. "Comprehensive Assessment of Thermal Comfort and Indoor Environment of Traditional Historic Stilt House, a Case of Dong Minority Dwelling, China." Sustainability 13, no. 17 (September 6, 2021): 9966. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13179966.
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The stilt house is one of the most representative of Chinese architecture among national minority traditional dwellings, most of which are located in mountainous regions whose climate is characterized by hot summers and cold winters. Moreover, it is widely distributed in Southeast Asian countries, such as Thailand, Laos, Cambodia, etc., as well as tropics like Hawaii, Guam. These kinds of dwellings have unique architectural aesthetics as well as high climate adaptability. However, because of their remote locations and rapid disappearance in urbanization, few studies have focused on their real indoor environment and thermal comfort. More studies were engaged in their architectural aesthetics and space patterns. In this study, based on the measurement and evaluation of residential natural lighting, ventilation, air quality, and thermal comfort in traditional stilt Dong village houses, the air temperature, humidity, CO2 and PM2.5 concentrations, wind speed, direction, and other variables are monitored and analyzed. Results show that the inhabitants have a higher thermal comfort adaptation than urban residents under natural ventilation. Meanwhile, the humidity of Dong stilt dwelling can reach a satisfactory level within 24 h except for the morning period. The satisfaction of the acoustic environment needs to be improved via reasonable structural maintenance.
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Teymurov, E. S. "Marine Protected Areas and Other Zonally Linked Management Tools: International Legal Issues." Lex Russica, no. 7 (July 19, 2021): 95–110. http://dx.doi.org/10.17803/1729-5920.2021.176.7.095-110.
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The development of the legal framework for the establishment of marine protected areas (MPAs) and other zonal management tools is due to the need to establish their nature (environmental or socio-economically oriented); to determine the interaction of the norms of international environmental law and maritime law; to ensure the harmonization of the rules for the establishment of MPAs and their regimes in national and international law in order to take into account the characteristics of ecosystems. The research is aimed at improving the efficiency of establishing MPAs and other zonal management tools by harmonizing the conceptual apparatus, identifying key features of marine protected areas and separating them from related international legal instruments.International legal acts define the MPA as a zoning tool aimed exclusively at preserving the natural environment and biodiversity, in which, depending on the category of protected areas, the International Union for Conservation of Nature prohibit the withdrawal of resources except for traditional fishing. The indicated approach causes a conflict of types of use of biodiversity, non-perception by users of significant restrictions on activities, and contains the risk of becoming a political tool for restricting the activities of states.MPAs are a type of zonally linked management tools. They consist of a clearly defined geographical area and applicable measures that entail the preservation of the environment.It is necessary to move to a more flexible management model of MPAs, allowing for the sustainable use of the biological resources of the area. MPAs and other zonal tools should have a multi-purpose character. In most cases, in addition to environmental characteristics, socio-economic, scientific, educational and cultural characteristics of the space are taken into account to establish them.It is erroneous to identify the management tool with the space and exclude response measures from it. Most of the acts justifiably do not contain a list of protective measures, leaving room for the most effective definition of measures, taking into account the goals set and the factors of establishing MPAs. However, it seems reasonable to define in regulatory legal acts the procedure for resolving conflicts of types of use within the same and between different instruments.
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Ometsinska, Iryna. "Accounting as an information base for the social policy implementation in the company’s management." Herald of Ternopil National Economic University, no. 4 (86) (December 12, 2017): 125–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.35774/visnyk2017.04.125.
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The article considers the economic essence of the concepts of social accounting, sociallyoriented accounting, and social activity. It is found that carrying out social activities requires incurring social costs, which are presumably understood as the reduction of economic benefits in the form of disposal of assets and increase in obligations related to the implementation of company’s social policy. These expenditures result in a decrease in equity (except for a reduction in capital due to its withdrawal or distribution by the owners) within the operational, financial or investment activities of the enterprise. It is stated that depending on the trends, social expenditures should be divided into: personnel costs (wages and salaries (basic, extra, financial rewards and compensation payments), labor protection and occupational safety, personnel training and development, maintaining company’s social facilities); customer costs (warranty service, product quality assurance); state and society costs (taxes, charity donations, regional development programs, support for sports and cultural activities); natural environment protection costs (environmental and ecological payments). The need to display information on social costs in management and financial reporting is confirmed. In this regard, it is proposed to use the management reporting form called “A Statement on Social Expenditures” and the form from section XVI named “Directions of social policies” of the Notes to the annual financial statements, whose items are arranged in four categories: personnel, environment; state and society; customers. It is pointed out that the publication of social reporting has certain advantages for enterprises (a higher credibility from special interest groups; better relations with the state; attracting investments; better business reputation; gaining a competitive advantage; making sound decisions in pursuing social policies) and for the state and society (encouraging socially responsible business; efficient use of resources; drawing attention to sustainable development; information transparency). The need for state regulation of social reporting in Ukraine is emphasized, and it is claimed that the lack of it brings into question reliability and validity of the information provided by enterprises in such reporting.
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Potočić Matković, Vesna Marija, and Zenun Skenderi. "Influence of Modification on the Structural and Tensile Properties of Polyurethane Coated Knitted Fabrics after Natural Weathering." Fibres and Textiles in Eastern Europe 25 (August 31, 2017): 89–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0010.2812.
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The intention of this study was to investigate the changes in properties of polyurethane coated knitted fabrics intended for sportswear or casual wear, i.e outdoor use after natural weathering, in two different seasons. The exposure of coated fabrics to outdoor natural weathering affected all properties investigated, namely, the mass, thickness, shrinkage, elongation and breaking forces. Summer exposure made greater modification of every parameter measured than winter exposure, except for the thickness. Solar radiation has a greater impact on the decrease in breaking forces of coated fabrics than on other properties measured. Strong positive correlations between the thickness of coated fabric and breaking forces were observed which can be used to design coated fabric with better tensile properties. The prediction of change under the influence of environmental conditions allows to improve coated fabrics with the aim of better protection of the wearer.
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Nassar, Ahmed K. "Identifying and Explaining Public Preferences for Renewable Energy Sources in Qatar." Sustainability 14, no. 21 (October 25, 2022): 13835. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su142113835.
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As a major natural gas and oil producer, Qatar has made significant strides towards its energy transition. This paper uses a survey research design with statistical tests to investigate citizens’ preferences for a wide range of energy resources. In this study, participants were asked to prioritize energy sources based on their environmental impact, price, benefits to Qatar’s economy, support of energy security, and ability to create jobs. The results showed that approximately two-thirds of the sample (n = 354) preferred renewable energy sources, particularly solar, which ranks first. Renewable energy sources were more likely to be favored by the group with greater knowledge of energy sources than those with limited knowledge, except for solar energy, which was preferred by both groups. Additionally, both natural gas and wind rank second in terms of preference, followed by hydropower. In contrast, nuclear power was not ranked, indicating a strong opposition to this type of energy. The study provides an evidence-based example of the tendency of citizens in a hydrocarbon-rich country to prefer renewable energy sources and natural gas. The energy policymakers need to collaborate with local communities so that citizens can participate in important future energy discussions to develop a personal connection to climate solutions.
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Sohrabi, Sima, Javid Gherekhloo, Behnam Kamkar, Ali Ghanbari, and Mohammad Hassan Rashed Mohassel. "The phenology and seed production of Cucumis melo as an invasive weed in northern Iran." Australian Journal of Botany 64, no. 3 (2016): 227. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/bt15256.
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Accurately representing plant development is essential for applying phenology knowledgement to investigate the effects of climate on weed management. Development in wild melon (Cucumis melo L.) is driven by temperature; thus, it could be simulated by thermal-time (TT) accumulation using limited accumulation when a lower optimum temperature (Topt) is exceeded. Experiments were conducted to investigate wild melon phenology (development rate) and seed production in soybean (Glycine max L.) at seven different sowing dates (April to August) in a completely randomised design (CRD) at Research Farm of Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Iran, during 2012. Results indicated that a slight shift in developmental rates occurs among plantings dates, except for those plants sown in August. The estimated TT for April–August planting dates were ~411 Celcius degree days, 448 Celcius degree days, 733 Celcius degree days, 672 Celcius degree days, 604 Celcius degree days, 558 Celcius degree days and 251 Celcius degree days respectively. Depending on planting date, weed emergence occurred at 5–20 days after planting. During the 79, 75, 92, 81, 71, 67 and 61 days of wild-melon growth, the mean number of fruits per plant and seeds per fruit were significantly different at each sowing date. Wild melon could produce a lot of fruits and seeds (up to 5000) within a growth cycle (average in 75 days) and also weed management is needed during the May and June because of the highest seed production of wild melons that emerged during May. The results attained here suggest that temperature alone could not reflect the effect of environment on C. melo development at each given growth stage. Thus, other environmental factors, such as daylength, maybe needed to better estimate weed development. Future research may use multiplicative models to clarify this claim. These results highlighted the value of testing a model over a wide range of environments.
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Juma, Leanard Otwori, and Anikó Khademi-Vidra. "Nature Interpretation as an Environmental Educational Approach in Visitor Management; The Application Dilemma for Different Target Groups at Masai Mara National Reserve, Kenya." Sustainability 14, no. 5 (March 2, 2022): 2935. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su14052935.
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Various scholars have endorsed contemporary visitor management strategies broadly categorized as hard or soft approaches. The hard strategies like area closure, penalties, patrols, or limiting access have been deemed punitive and restrictive to visitors seeking escape into natural environments. On the other hand, nature interpretation (NI) and general conservation information, christened as soft strategy, are pushed as complementary or alternative non-obstructive visitor management tactics. However, these arguments notwithstanding, questions linger about the choice of appropriate NI strategies, their application, and their effectiveness. This study sought to establish which NI and visitor information approaches can be used be to manage visitors by target group effectively at the Masai Mara National Reserve, Kenya. Data was collected by surveying n = 570 respondents that constituted visitors (n = 413) and tour guides (n = 157) participating in wildlife tourism at MMNR over six months. Descriptive and inferential statistics were employed to present and analyze data with spearman’s correlation used for testing the relationships to answer the research question. Study results established mixed results with different NI attributes comprising a few weak, some very weak, and the majority no correlations with the respondents’ demographics. The month of the visit and type of vehicle used had very weak negative correlations with attributes of NI, generally implying inverse relationships. Nationality and gender had the least correlations, while the month of visit and the purpose of the visit had the highest number of correlations with, the latter having slightly stronger correlations. Display boards and orientation signage had the highest number of very weak and weak correlations with nearly all the respondents’ demographics except nationality and gender. Visitor codes/do’s and don’ts followed with tour guiding with no correlations with almost all the demographics. The study recommends continuous improvement of all NI approaches at the MMNR, with urgency being given to display boards and orientation signage followed by visitor codes and tour guiding, as evidenced from findings. The study further recommends research on contemporary trends in NI and conservation education and information dissemination.
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Sangha, Kamaljit K. "Global Importance of Indigenous and Local Communities’ Managed Lands: Building a Case for Stewardship Schemes." Sustainability 12, no. 19 (September 23, 2020): 7839. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12197839.
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The role of Indigenous peoples and local communities (IPLCs) in sustainably using and managing natural resources is becoming broadly recognised within some international platforms (e.g., the UN Permanent Forum on Indigenous Issues and Intergovernmental Platform on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services). However, the support for IPLCs to continue managing their land is either completely absent or scanty. This paper presents the value of only four ecosystem services, estimated at USD 1.16 trillion per year, that are delivered from IPLCs managed lands alone (excluding coastal, marine, and other resources). These four ecosystem services (ES), i.e., carbon sequestration, biocontrol, air, and water regulation offer offsite benefits to the wider regional and global populations yet without returns to the IPLCs themselves except for facing more climate and natural disaster-related challenges mainly caused by the actions of mainstream society. It further outlines key challenges and advocates for establishing stewardship mechanisms to promote and support IPLCs land management practices that will effectively help in protecting and preserving biodiversity, water, and other natural resources on Earth to sustain and enhance human well-being.
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Tong, Shuai, Xiang Ji, Yun Chu, Tianlong Liu, and Fengyu Wang. "Spatio-Temporal Analysis about Resource and Environmental Carrying Capacity (RECC) of Mining Cities in Coal-Concentrated Areas: A Case Study of Huaihai Economic Zone in China." Sustainability 15, no. 2 (January 11, 2023): 1367. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su15021367.
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The over-exploitation and utilization of natural resources in mining cities has caused sharp contradictions between urban development and ecological protection. In addition, dynamic changes in resources and environmental carrying capacity (RECC) will be changed by the different ways and degrees of the specific utilization of natural resources. In order to better study the dynamic trends and reasons of the RECC in mining cities, so as to provide methods and suggestions for the mining cities to save resources, improve the ecology, and adjust the industrial structure, this article will construct an evaluation index for the RECC of mining cities. Taking Huaihai Economic Zone as the research object, we used the entropy method to determine the index weight. Then, the TOPSIS model was used to analyze the spatial and temporal characteristics of the development of the RECC of mining cities in coal-concentrated areas during 2012–2018. After the analysis, the study found five results. (1) Except Zaozhuang, the RECC of the six mining cities in the Huaihai Economic Zone showed a steady upward trend during 2012–2018; (2) among the three subsystems, natural resources have the greatest impact on the RECC; (3) in terms of space, the carrying capacity in this region gradually has a polarization phenomenon centered on Xuzhou and Jining, and will continue to increase in the future; (4) the types of mining cities will have an impact on the change characteristics of the RECC; and (5) most cities improve the level of ecological carrying capacity (ECC) and social economic carrying capacity (SECC) at the cost of the decline of resources carrying capacity (RCC). Based on the results, the research can provide optimized reference strategies for the transformation and development of mining cities to ecological cities in Huaihai Economic Zone.
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Aytin, Ayhan, and Nevzat Çakıcıer. "Weathering’s effect on color and roughness in some heat-treated wood species with modified water-based varnish." BioResources 17, no. 4 (September 27, 2022): 6358–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.15376/biores.17.4.6358-6376.
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Heat treatment in wood materials and the use of water-based varnishes (WBV) in furniture made from heat-treated wood materials come to the fore in terms of supporting environmentally friendly production in the wood sector. In this study, the total color changes (ΔΕ*) and surface roughness (SR) were investigated after heat-treated tree species were exposed to natural and accelerated weathering with and without varnish. In this context, test samples were first divided into two groups. Surface treatment was applied to the samples in the first group by applying modified WBV (A1) and normal WBV (A2), and the second group was left unvarnished. Then, one group of the varnished samples was subjected to natural weathering (NAT) for 90 days and the other group was subjected to accelerated weathering (QUV) for 720 h with VAS samples, and then the ΔΕ* and SR values of the samples were calculated. The results revealed that ΔΕ* was the lowest in the QUV WBV group, and NAT was more effective than QUV in ΔΕ*. The highest SR values among all groups were measured in the VAS group, and among the varnished samples, there was no statistical difference between A1 and A2 in SR values, except for Rq.
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Poyraz, Bayram, Yusuf Güner, Ayhan Tozluoğlu, Rıdvan Yamanoğlu, Zeki Candan, and Murat Şen. "Lignin in place of carbon black for ethylene-propylene-diene-monomer based automotive sealing profiles." BioResources 17, no. 4 (August 30, 2022): 5905–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.15376/biores.17.4.5905-5918.
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This study examined the effects of lignin used in EPDM elastomer composites in place of carbon black. For that purpose, lignin was added in amounts of 3.5, 7, and 10.5 phr to investigate the chemical, thermal, rheological, mechanical, and morphological properties of the EPDM elastomers. At the end of the study, tear strength and elongation were enhanced, whereas thermal stability was lowered due to the lignin. The lignin facilitated the vulcanization process and improved the torque values. In the morphology, the lignin was dispersed homogeneously in the matrix, and no voids or cracks were observed except with 10.5 phr. In conclusion, when incorporated at a specified ratio, lignin is economical and provides ecological benefits. Its use as a natural filler can be recommended to automotive industries to provide enhanced properties and ecological properties as a substitute for carbon black.
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Li, Zihanxin, Nuoyan Li, and Huwei Wen. "Digital Economy and Environmental Quality: Evidence from 217 Cities in China." Sustainability 13, no. 14 (July 19, 2021): 8058. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13148058.
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With the rapid development of the digital economy, understanding the relationship between the digital economy and the environment is increasingly important for sustainable development. This study mainly studies the nexus of digital economy development and environmental quality for 217 cities in China from 2003 to 2018. Specifically, this study first evaluates the degree of coupling coordination between the digital economy system and the environmental system. Results show that the coupling coordination degree between the digital economy system and the environmental system shows a fluctuating rise from 2003 to 2018. Furthermore, this study empirically investigates the impact of digital economy development on PM2.5, which represents environmental quality, and results show that digital economy development significantly reduces PM2.5. The above finding is still valid by using the quasi-natural experiment of broadband China for the robustness test. Urbanization, population density, and economic development have caused threshold effects. When the urbanization rate and population density exceed a certain threshold, the digital economy significantly inhibits PM2.5. In contrast, when the per capita GDP exceeds a certain threshold, the digital economy significantly promotes PM2.5. The digital economy mainly affects pollutant emissions through direct and technological effects.
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Dong, Weiwei, Dengqiang Wang, Huiwu Tian, Yan Pu, Lixiong Yu, Xinbin Duan, Shaoping Liu, and Daqing Chen. "Genetic structure of two sympatric gudgeon fishes (Xenophysogobio boulengeri and X. nudicorpa) in the upper reaches of Yangtze River Basin." PeerJ 7 (August 6, 2019): e7393. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.7393.
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Background Xenophysogobio boulengeri and X. nudicorpa are the only two species within the genus Xenophysogobio (Cyprinidae, Cypriniformes), and both are endemic to the upper reaches of the Yangtze River. In recent years, due to human activities, the natural resources available to both species have declined sharply. Sympatric species with overlapping niches inevitably compete for their habitats, and genetic structure and diversity can reflect population history and their potential for adaptation to changing environments, which is useful for management decisions. Methods In the present study, microsatellite DNA and mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) markers were used to investigate the patterns of population genetic structure for X. boulengeri and X. nudicorpa. Microsatellite DNA data, jointly with traditional summary statistics including FST and Fis, were used to assess the population genetic structure by structure analysis. The mtDNA sequences were then used to examine these patterns through time to detect demographic history. Results Xenophysogobio boulengeri and X. nudicorpa exhibited high levels of genetic diversity in Yangtze River populations, except for two populations of X. nudicorpa in the Jinsha River, which were low in mtDNA diversity. X. boulengeri showed genetic homogeneity among populations, whereas X. nudicorpa appeared to have significant geographic genetic divergence. Both species experienced a late-Pleistocene sudden population expansion in Yangtze River populations, but not in the Jinsha River populations of X. nudicorpa. Discussion The genetic homogeneity of X. boulengeri populations might result from similar population expansion events and environment features. The geographic genetic subdivision for X. nudicorpa between the Jinsha and Yangtze Rivers might be caused by the geographic isolation in the middle Pliocene, as well as climate and environmental heterogeneity.
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Dandautiya, Rahul, Ajit Pratap Singh, and Sanghamitra Kundu. "Impact assessment of fly ash on ground water quality: An experimental study using batch leaching tests." Waste Management & Research: The Journal for a Sustainable Circular Economy 36, no. 7 (May 31, 2018): 624–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0734242x18775484.
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The fly ash, generated at the coal-based thermal power plant, is always a cause of concern to environmentalists owing to its adverse impact on air, water and land. There exists a high environmental risk when it is disposed to the environment. Thus, two different type of fly ash samples (FA-1 and FA-2) have been considered in this study to examine the leaching potential of the elements magnesium, aluminium, silicon, calcium, titanium, vanadium, chromium, manganese, iron, nickel, cobalt, copper, zinc, arsenic, selenium, strontium, cadmium, barium and lead for different types of leachant. Toxicity characteristics leaching procedure and ASTM tests have been performed in the laboratory to simulate different natural leaching scenarios. Characterisation of samples have been done through X-ray diffraction and field emission gun scanning electron microscope. The effect of different liquid to solid ratios (i.e. 5, 10, 20 and 50) on the mobilisation of elements has been analysed. The results indicated that the maximum leaching of all elements occurred at a liquid to solid ratio of 5 except for arsenic, barium and silicon. The groundwater analysis has also been done to understand the actual effects of leachate. The elements presenting the highest leachability in the two fly ash samples under all tested conditions were magnesium, aluminium, silicon and calcium. It has been observed that calcium exhibits greater leaching effects than all other constituents. The study presented here has been found very useful for assessing contamination levels in groundwater owing to leaching effects of fly ash under different scenarios, which can be helpful to prevent spreading of the contaminants by efficient management of fly ash.
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Reddy, M. G., G. P. Rao, P. Sinha, S. M. Shukla, and D. Sagar. "Temperature influence on leafhopper population and its potential distribution in predicting spread of chickpea stunt disease in India." Journal of Environmental Biology 42, no. 5 (September 27, 2021): 1281–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.22438/jeb/42/5/mrn-1784.
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Aim: To study the influence of temperature on leafhopper population for predicting potential distribution of chickpea stunt disease. Methodology: Leaf hopper population was sampled at weekly intervals from chickpea experimental plots at Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, during Dec-May 2018-2019 and 2019-2020 by using yellow sticky trap. Effect of temperature on leafhopper population was fitted to a non-linear beta model and Briere model by utilizing cardinal temperature for leafhopper growth and reproduction. Daily minimum and maximum temperature data were collected from 146 geo referenced meteorological stations of important chickpea growing states of India. The cumulative temperature indices (MTI) as a measure of monthly leafhopper population was plotted using ArcGis10.0 software. Results: Temperature index estimated as a measure of leafhopper population based on the beta model potential leafhopper population distribution was predicted. Spatio-temporal pattern of vector population indicated that the entire country is favourable for leafhopper growth round the year, except the Northern parts of India during December to February. Interpretation: Since leafhoppers are the natural vectors of virus and phytoplasma pathogens associated with chickpea stunt disease, beta model based prediction of environmental suitability indicates leafhopper as the causative agent for the natural spread of disease in larger geographical area. Spatio-temporal distribution pattern would be useful in predicting the disease spread in different chickpea growing areas for evolving efficient management strategies.
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Kamar, Mohamed S., Ibrahim A. Salem, Ibrahim E. El-Aassy, Abdu A. El-Sayed, Hesham M. H. Zakaly, Abdullah M. Alzahrani, and El Saeed R. Lasheen. "An Extended Investigation of High-Level Natural Radioactivity and Geochemistry of Neoproterozoic Dokhan Volcanics: A Case Study of Wadi Gebeiy, Southwestern Sinai, Egypt." Sustainability 14, no. 15 (July 29, 2022): 9291. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su14159291.
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High-level natural radioactivity, geochemical, geological, and radiological hazard assessment of the poorly investigated Wadi Gebeiy Dokhan volcanics rocks are discussed. Wadi Gebeiy Dokhan volcanics are located in Southwestern Sinai, Egypt, covering an area of ~1.3 km2. Dokhan volcanics rocks are represented by porphyritic dacite. Geochemically, they have medium-k characters and originate from calc-alkaline magma within a volcanics arc environment. Along the fault plane striking NNE-SSW, and at its intersection with the NW-SE fault plane, altered Dokhan volcanics occur with high radioactive anomalies. Radiological parameters (absorbed dose rate, radium equivalent, activity annual effective dose, external and internal hazard indices) are used to evaluate their suitability as an ornamental stone. Except for the absorbed dose rate, all the radiological hazard indices show that unaltered Dokhan volcanics can be used as an ornamental stone. Controversially, the applied radiological indices reveal that altered Dokhan volcanics have a higher content than the recommended values of UNSCEAR, reflecting their risk on human organs.
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Vashchyshyn, Mariya. "Carpathian Ecological Network: International Legal Basis and Ukrainian Experience." Journal of Vasyl Stefanyk Precarpathian National University 5, no. 2 (August 23, 2018): 170–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.15330/jpnu.5.2.170-177.
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The article analyzes the importance of the Framework Convention on the Protection and Sustainable Development of the Carpathians of 2003 (Carpathian Convention). Carpathian Convention created favourable conditions for the conservation of landscapes and biological diversity of mountain ecosystems of the Carpathian region. Carpathian Convention is a framework instrument, in other words, it determines the general principles concerning the solution of environmental, social and economic problems of the region. The Protocol on Conservation and Sustainable Use of Biological and Landscape Diversity to the Framework Convention on the Protection and Sustainable Development of the Carpathians has been analyzed. The advantages of international cooperation of the countries of the Carpathian region in achieving a common comprehensive result – conservation of biodiversity and improvement of social and economic level of the region and its inhabitants on the grounds of sustainable development have been defined. Carpathian Convention coordinates the economic needs with the social and environmental protection, promotes the conservation of the unique and authentic cultural and natural heritage of the Carpathian ecoregion for present and future generations. Framework Convention on the Protection and Sustainable Development of the Carpathians provides the creation of the Carpathian ecological network as a type of ecological networks at the sub-regional level, which is a part of the Pan-European ecological network. Ukraine consistently follows the bilateral and multilateral agreements, concluded with neighboring countries, concerning the protection of the environment and is involved in the creation of cross-border elements of the national ecological network. The peculiarities of the Carpathian network of protected areas have been considered. The Carpathian network of protected areas is a special form of international cooperation in environmental protection, which consists in determining by the Conference of the Parties to the Carpathian Convention the list of protected areas and in approving of regulations about them. The Conference of the Parties to the Carpathian Convention encourages the administrations of these protected areas to participate actively in international cooperation and exchange of experience in the field of the conservation of the unique biological and landscape diversity, and to reduce the negative impact on the environment of the region of the Ukrainian Carpathians. The author proves that the Carpathian Convention, except the traditional approaches concerning the protection of separate areas and species, recognizes the necessity of a broader approach to the conservation of nature. Parties to the Carpathian Convention are obliged to improve the conservation and sustainable management on the areas that are outside of protected areas, with the help of the ecosystem approach. Such an ecosystem approach to the sustainable management is applied to the spatial planning, integrated water management, agriculture, forestry, transport, infrastructure, industry, energy, tourism and cultural heritage conservation. Herewith, the interests of environmental protection shall be taken into account during the development and implementation of the economic and social policies
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Belay, Gizie Abeje, Zhengbin Zhang, and Ping Xu. "Physio-Morphological and Biochemical Trait-Based Evaluation of Ethiopian and Chinese Wheat Germplasm for Drought Tolerance at the Seedling Stage." Sustainability 13, no. 9 (April 21, 2021): 4605. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13094605.
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For Ethiopia’s wheat production, drought is a major natural disaster. Exploration of drought-resistant varieties from a bulk of wheat germplasm conserved in the gene bank is of paramount importance for breeding climate change-resilient modern cultivars. The present study was aimed at identifying the best performing drought-resistant genotypes under non-stress and polyethylene glycol simulated (PEG) stress conditions in a growth chamber. Forty diverse Ethiopian bread and durum wheat cultivars along with three Chinese bread wheat cultivars possessing strong drought resistance and susceptibility were evaluated. After acclimation with the natural environment, the seedlings were imposed to severe drought stress (20% PEG6000), and 15 seedling traits including photosynthetic and free proline were investigated. Our findings indicated that drought stress caused a profound decline in plant water consumption (83.0%), shoot fresh weight (64.9%), stomatal conductance (61.6%), root dry weight (55.2%), and other investigated traits except root to shoot length ratio and proline content which showed a significant increase under drought stress. A significant and positive correlation was found between photosynthetic pigments in both growth conditions. Proline exhibited a negative correlation with most of the investigated traits except root to shoot length ratio and all photosynthetic pigments which showed a positive and non-significant association. Our result also showed a wide range of genetic variation (CV) ranging from 3.23% to 47.3%; the highest in shoot dry weight (SDW) (47.3%) followed by proline content (44.63%) and root dry weight (36.03%). Based on multivariate principal component biplot analysis and average sum of ranks (ASR), G12, G16 and G25 were identified as the best drought tolerant and G6, G42, G4, G11, and G9 as bottom five sensitive. The potential of these genotypes offers further investigation at a molecular and cellular level to identify the novel gene associated with the stress response.
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Yankovs'ka, Lyubov, Svitlana Novyts'ka, and Alina Tsidylo. "BASIN APPROACH TO RESEARCH OF PROBLEMS OF NATURE RESOURCE MANAGEMENT (ON THE EXAMPLE OF THE KACHAVA RIVER)." SCIENTIFIC ISSUES OF TERNOPIL VOLODYMYR HNATIUK NATIONAL PEDAGOGICAL UNIVERSITY. SERIES: GEOGRAPHY 52, no. 1 (May 30, 2022): 209–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.25128/2519-4577.22.1.25.
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Due to the analysis of the structure of land use in the Kachava river basin, significant deviations from scientifically sound norms were revealed (anthropogenically transformed territories predominate (72.9%), including arable land (62.2%). Excessively high and ecologically dangerous plowing was revealed: in many cases the lands were plowed up to the riverbed, which can be observed in all villages, due to which the eco-corridors, which are an important part of the ecological network, are broken in the basin.
The coefficient of anthropogenic transformation of geosystems in the Kachava river basin (according to the method of P.G. Shishchenko) is calculated, which is equal to 7.2 and indicates a high level of transformation of geosystems in the study area.
A positive balance of greenhouse gases over the river basin has been established due to the large share of arable land (1,079 tons of CO2 per year) and due to the operation of livestock complexes (as a result of internal fermentation and manure treatment) - about 300 tons.
The impact on the environment of industrial facilities (furniture company (SAMM) in the village of Romanivka, brick factory LLC "Western Trade Organization" in the village of Maly Khodachkiv, Galushchynets quarry, area 45.75 ha, in which limestone is mined, with a capacity of 700 thousand tons per year). The following main environmental problems have been identified: air pollution due to improper disposal of waste in the furniture industry, mining. The level of traffic load in all settlements of the Kachava river basin is studied. The recreational load and recreational capacity of the territory are investigated. Recreation is based on ponds, which are used for fishing, swimming or just relaxing in nature. The ecological condition of the Kachava, Romanivsky, Kolodiyivsky and Malokhodachkivsky ponds was analyzed according to physical and hydrobiological indicators. It was found that they are satisfactory for all ponds, except Malohodachkivsky, which can be used for recreational purposes. Despite the fact that the recreational load does not exceed the recreational capacity of the territory, there are environmental problems such as neglect of the coast, pollution by solid waste. The ecosystem of the Kachava, Romanivsky, Kolodiyivsky and Malokhodachkivsky ponds are analyzed according to physical and hydrobiological indicators.
Measures to optimize land use in the Kachava River basin are proposed: it is proposed to reduce arable land by an average of 97.65 hectares (5.7%) due to mostly afforestation; creation of а new protected object (landscape reserve near the village of Maly Khodachkiv). The submitted proposal will increase the share of land under natural eco-stabilization lands from 27.1 to 33% of the total area of the river basin and achieve the formation of a continuous eco-corridor, which will connect nature reserves.
Key words: river, pond, river basin, ecological situation, nature resource management, anthropogenic impact, anthropogenic transformation, optimization.
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Sahni, S., S. Kumar, and B. D. Prasad. "Integration of salicylic acid, vermicompost and bioagent for effective management of chickpea wilt disease." Journal of Environmental Biology 42, no. 5 (September 27, 2021): 1274–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.22438/jeb/42/5/mrn-1745.
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Aim: The aim of the present study was to evaluate the ability of integration of salicylic acid, vermicompost and bioagent for effective management of chickpea wilt disease. Methodology: The effectiveness of salicylic acid and ZnSO4 unaided and in combination with Plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) and vermicompost were evaluated against Fusarium wilt of chickpea under natural condition. Three sets of experiment with nine treatments were conducted in earthen pots in completely randomized design. Ten seeds of wilt susceptible chickpea variety JG 62 were sown. Twenty-days-old plants were sprayed with salicylic acid (Set I), ZnSO4 (Set II) and distilled H2O (Set III). After 24 hr of foliar spray, the whole set of treatment was inoculated with Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. ciceri inoculums, except uninoculated control. The number of wilted seedlings in each pot for each treatment were recorded at 10, 20 and 30 days post-inoculation (dpi) and compared with uninoculated pots. Results: The combined effect of vermicompost amendment @15% and pre-inoculation treatment of salicylic acid showed 0.00, 6.67 and 6.67% wilt incidence whereas treatments having ZnSO4 as pre-inoculation foliar spray resulted in 0.00, 13.33 and 13.33% wilt incidence at 10, 20 and 30 dpi, respectively. Further, the combined treatment of 15% vermicompost along with seed bacterization and pre-inoculation foliar spray of salicylic acid showed complete protection against F. oxysporum f. sp. ciceri. The beneficial effect of vermicompost and PGPR isolate on root and shoot length, and fresh and dry weight of chickpea plants were also observed. Interpretation: High potential for integrating vermicompost, bioagent and foliar application of salicylic acid to surrogate chemical fungicides for eco-friendly and sustainable management of wilt disease in chickpea.
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Molla, Getnet Asfawesen, and Gizaw Desta. "Land management and crop cover effect on soil erosion in the humid lowlands of Beles River Sub-Basin, North-Western Ethiopia." Journal of Degraded and Mining Lands Management 10, no. 1 (October 1, 2022): 3971. http://dx.doi.org/10.15243/jdmlm.2022.101.3971.
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<p>Soil erosion is the most devastating environmental crisis in Ethiopia where the loss of soil from cultivated land is almost seven times the tolerable limit; specifically, Nitisol is very susceptible to erosion. To investigate the response of land management and cropping practices on sediment loss, a field experiment was conducted under natural environment on Nitisol of Pawi area. Nine treatments combining two tillage methods (zero and conventional), four crop covers (continuous maize, continuous soya bean, rotated maize, and maize soya bean intercrop), and continuous bare fallow as control were laid out in a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications. The result showed that land management and crop cover significantly affect soil loss. Cultivation of crops without soil disturbance with full residue retention reduced soil loss by 6%, 36%, 36%, and 44% under soya bean, rotated maize, maize soya bean intercropping, and maize, respectively. Similarly, maize crop reduces soil loss by 34% under zero tillage management. Compared with conventionally managed maize crops, sediment concentration was also reduced by 14%, 17%, and 31%, maize with zero tillage, rotated maize with zero tillage, and maize soya bean intercropping with zero tillage, respectively. Except for zero-tilled maize soya bean intercropping and rotated maize, the seasonal soil loss was above the tolerable soil loss level of Ethiopia (2-10 t ha<sup>-</sup><sup>1</sup>). This indicates there is a need for other management practices like physical and agronomic soil conservation methods to lower soil loss rates below the tolerable limit. Generally, zero tillage with greater crop cover is an appropriate approach to reduce soil loss by improving soil hydrological properties without negatively affecting grain yield. To understand and quantify the long-term impact of tillage and crop cover on soil health and productivity in Ethiopia long-term study is needed as this study was based on one-year data from four years of permanent plots.</p>
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Alawamy, Jamal Suliman, Siva K. Balasundram, Ahmad Husni Mohd. Hanif, and Christopher Teh Boon Sung. "Response of Potential Indicators of Soil Quality to Land-Use and Land-Cover Change under a Mediterranean Climate in the Region of Al-Jabal Al-Akhdar, Libya." Sustainability 14, no. 1 (December 24, 2021): 162. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su14010162.
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Conversion of native lands into agricultural use, coupled with poor land management practices, generally leads to changes in soil properties. Understanding the undesirable effects of land-use and land-cover (LULC) changes on soil properties is essential when planning for sustainable land management. This study was conducted in Al Jabal Al Akhdar region, Libya, to assess the effects of land-use and land-cover changes on soil quality inferred by analyzing the relative changes in 17 chemical, physical, and biological soil properties in the upper layer (0–20 cm) of disturbed and undisturbed soil systems. Soil samples were collected from 180 sampling sites with 60 from each of the three types of LULC prevalent in the study area: natural Mediterranean forests (NMF), rainfed agriculture (RA), and irrigated crops (IC). The soil properties of the two agricultural land uses were compared with soil properties under an adjacent natural forest, which served as a control to assess changes in soil quality resulting from the cultivation of deforested land. The results indicate significant reductions in most soil quality indicators under rainfed agriculture as compared to native forest land. Under irrigated agriculture, there were significant changes (p ≤ 0.05) in most of the soil quality indicators, generally, indicating a significant reduction in soil quality, except for improvement of nitrogen and phosphorus levels due to frequent fertilizer application. Our data support the notion that changes in land use and land cover, in the absence of sustainable management measures, induce deterioration of soil properties and ultimately may lead to land degradation and productivity decline.
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Banach, Mariusz, Barbara Khaidakov, Daria Korewo, Magdalena Węsierska, Wojciech Cyplik, Joanna Kujawa, Lilia Ahrné, and Wojciech Kujawski. "The Chemical and Cytotoxic Properties of Sambucus nigra Extracts—A Natural Food Colorant." Sustainability 13, no. 22 (November 17, 2021): 12702. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su132212702.
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Elderberry fruits contain valuable components that are beneficial to human health. Owing to the high content of anthocyanins, elderberry extracts can be used as natural food colorants with health-promoting properties. Moreover, the development of new natural food dyes enables the reduction in the use of synthetic ones. Anthocyanins-rich elderberry dry extracts (EDE) were prepared from the same batch of frozen fruits applying water extraction, followed by membrane separation (batch B1) or purification by column chromatography (batch B2) and then spray-dried. Subsequently, the content of anthocyanins, flavonols, and polyphenols was determined. The extract obtained with the application of column chromatography (B2) contained 33% anthocyanins, which is more than typical market standards, whereas the extract B1 contained 14% anthocyanins. The color properties of both extracts were also determined. Since water was used as an extractant, the extracts are well soluble in water and can therefore be used as a natural food colorant. The cytotoxic activity of both extracts was additionally determined using the MTT test and the tumor cells of the A-549, A-2780, MCF-7, Caco-2 line, and Peripheral blood mononuclear cells. It was revealed that both EDEs inhibit the proliferation of cancer cells, except those of the lung cancers. Extract B2 showed a much stronger cytotoxic effect. Additionally, both extracts stimulate the proliferation of peripheral blood mononuclear cells since they may have immunostimulatory properties.
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Wang, Lu, Tao Zhang, Hiroatsu Fukuda, and Yi Leng. "Research on the Application of Mobile Robot in Timber Structure Architecture." Sustainability 14, no. 8 (April 13, 2022): 4681. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su14084681.
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The involvement of robots in building construction is already a global trend. Compared with the current stage of construction in which a large number of people are involved, the stability of the robot construction process will greatly affect the construction efficiency and construction accuracy, thus (1) reducing the impact on the environment, hence saving natural resources with other obvious advantages of natural environmental benefits, and (2) reducing construction costs, therefore reducing the economic and environmental benefits of artificial use. This paper proposes a wooden building construction method using a mobile robot, explores the assembly of continuous building components that exceed the robot’s static workspace, and completes a simulated construction experiment of a wooden building using this construction method. The experiment was used as a basis to address (1) innovations in the way a wooden building is erected that satisfy the construction logic of the mobile robot, and (2) the ability of the mobile robot to accurately assemble building components in space, including the ability to align them with existing components on site. Ultimately, the completion of this experiment and its construction evaluation demonstrated the superiority of mobile robot construction over manual construction in terms of reduced manual use and increased construction efficiency.
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Wang, Shuai, Jinhu Gao, Qianlai Zhuang, Yuanyuan Lu, Hanlong Gu, and Xinxin Jin. "Multispectral Remote Sensing Data Are Effective and Robust in Mapping Regional Forest Soil Organic Carbon Stocks in a Northeast Forest Region in China." Remote Sensing 12, no. 3 (January 26, 2020): 393. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs12030393.
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Accurately mapping the spatial distribution information of soil organic carbon (SOC) stocks is a key premise for soil resource management and environment protection. Rapid development of satellite remote sensing provides a great opportunity for monitoring SOC stocks at a large scale. In this study, based on 12 environmental variables of multispectral remote sensing, topography and climate and 236 soil sampling data, three different boosted regression tree (BRT) models were compared to obtain the most accurate map of SOC stocks covering the forest area of Lvshun District in the Northeast China. Four validation indexes, including mean absolute error (MAE), root mean square error (RMSE), coefficient of determination (R2), and Lin’s concordance correlation coefficient (LCCC) were calculated to evaluate the performance of the three models. The results showed that the full variable model performed the best, except the model using multispectral remote sensing variables. In the full variable model, the regional SOC stocks are primarily determined by multispectral remote sensing variables, followed by topographic and climatic variables, with the relative importance of variables in the model being 63%, 28%, and 9%, respectively. The average prediction results of full variables model and only multispectral remote sensing variables model were 8.99 and 9.32 kg m−2, respectively. Our results indicated that there is a strong dependence of SOC stocks on multispectral remote sensing data when forest ecosystems have dense natural vegetation. Our study suggests that the multispectral remote sensing variables should be used to map SOC stocks of forest ecosystems in our study region.
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Secco, Marina Paula, Giovani Jordi Bruschi, Castorina S. Vieira, and Nuno Cristelo. "Geomechanical Behaviour of Recycled Construction and Demolition Waste Submitted to Accelerated Wear." Sustainability 14, no. 11 (May 31, 2022): 6719. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su14116719.
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The construction industry is one of the most important sectors for economic and social development. However, it is responsible for more than 50% of the depletion of natural resources, for 40% of the energy consumption and construction and demolition waste (CDW) accounting for 30–60% of the total municipal solid waste generated worldwide. In this sense, the recycling of CDW is considered a safe alternative to the current trend, which can produce environmental and economic benefits, namely the reduction of the depletion of natural resources and the volume of waste sent to landfills. Some studies have shown promising results in the use of recycled CDW as geotechnical materials. However, the degradation performance induced by the construction procedures and weather conditions on the geotechnical behaviour of recycled CDW is still a research gap, creating an obstacle for its regular use in general engineering practice. This work evaluated the mechanical performance of recycled CDW over time when subjected to wetting–drying degradation cycles under different temperature and pH conditions. The effects of such degradation were then evaluated qualitatively (changes in particle size distribution and Proctor parameters) and quantitatively (stress–strain response and permeability). The results showed that 10 wetting–drying cycles and different compaction energies have no change in the particle size distribution of CDW compared to the original CDW. The shear strength parameters were very similar for the different degradation conditions except when different pH values were used, which may have weakened the grains and decrease the friction angle of the material. Regarding the permeability, all tested samples were classified in the same hydraulic conductivity range (very low) without significant changes induced by the degradation mechanisms.
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Goodland, Robert J. A., Herman E. Daly, and Salah El Serafy. "The Urgent Need for Rapid Transition to Global Environmental Sustainability." Environmental Conservation 20, no. 4 (1993): 297–309. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0376892900023481.
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This paper outlines the concept of environmental sustain-ability (ES), shows why it is important to make it a top-priority goal, and why that will be difficult to attain but essential. The ES equation of impact = population × affluence × technology, is outlined. When the world approaches stability in both population size and the throughput of energy and materials per unit of production, we may indeed be approaching sustainability. As the world's population is apt to double every 40 years, and as only a few countries (e.g. Japan and Sweden) have managed so far to reduce the energy intensity of production, we are hurtling away from sustainability rather than even approaching it. Environmental sustainability can be approached by implementing four priorities: first, by using sound microeconomic means; second, by using sound macroeconomics to differentiate between use and liquidation of natural capital by means of environmental accounting; third, by using environmental assessment to incorporate environmental costs into project appraisal; and fourth—until the first three become fully achieved—by following operational guidelines for sustainability. Thus:1) Sound Microeconomic Means involve: (1) Getting the prices right: to reflect full social marginal opportunity cost; use the ‘full cost’ principle, or the ‘cradle-to-grave’ approach. (2) Repealing perverse fiscal incentives. (3) Strengthening the ‘polluter pays’ principles. (4) Including non-monetary values in project justification. (5) Adopting the transparency principle that markets can function efficiently only if relevant information is available at low cost. This involves the participation of people in decisions affecting them, and advertising who is polluting what and by how much.2) Sound Macroeconomics by Environmental Accounting is essential to discern decapitalization and to shift to using income rather than drawing down capital assets. Environmental accounting clarifies what is liquidation of natural capital from what is income. This is essential because decapitalization is frequently confused as income. Environmental accounting warns us when liquidation of potentially renewable resources exceeds their regeneration rates, such as in many forests.3) Environmental Assessment is part of the project selection process. The purpose of EA is to ensure that the development options under consideration are environmentally sustainable. Any environmental consequences should be addressed in project selection, planning, siting, and design. EAs identify ways of preventing, minimizing, mitigating, or compensating for, adverse impacts.4) Sustainability Guidelines: Until the first three rules are heeded and duly acted on, the following guidelines will be necessary: 1, Output Rule:—waste emissions from a project should be within the assimilative capacity of the local environment to absorb without unacceptable de-gradation of its future waste-absorptive capacity; and 2, Input Guide:—harvest rates or renewable resource inputs should be within regenerative capacity of the natural system that generates them. Depletion rates of non-renewable resource inputs should not exceed the rate at which renewable substitutes are developed by human invention and investment.
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Wan, Lei, Huiyu Liu, Haibo Gong, and Yujia Ren. "Effects of Climate and Land Use changes on Vegetation Dynamics in the Yangtze River Delta, China Based on Abrupt Change Analysis." Sustainability 12, no. 5 (March 4, 2020): 1955. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12051955.
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Vegetation dynamics is thought to be affected by climate and land use changes. However, how the effects vary after abrupt vegetation changes remains unclear. Based on the Mann-Kendall trend and abrupt change analysis, we monitored vegetation dynamics and its abrupt change in the Yangtze River delta during 1982–2016. With the correlation analysis, we revealed the relationship of vegetation dynamics with climate changes (temperature and precipitation) pixel-by-pixel and then with land use changes analysis we studied the effects of land use changes (unchanged or changed land use) on their relationship. Results showed that: (1) the Normalized Vegetation Index (NDVI) during growing season that is represented as GSN (growing season NDVI) showed an overall increasing trend and had an abrupt change in 2000. After then, the area percentages with decreasing GSN trend increased in cropland and built-up land, mainly located in the eastern, while those with increasing GSN trend increased in woodland and grassland, mainly located in the southern. Changed land use, except the land conversions from/to built-up land, is more favor for vegetation greening than unchanged land use (2) after abrupt change, the significant positive correlation between precipitation and GSN increased in all unchanged land use types, especially for woodland and grassland (natural land use) and changed land use except built-up land conversion. Meanwhile, the insignificant positive correlation between temperature and GSN increased in woodland, while decreased in the cropland and built-up land in the northwest (3) after abrupt change, precipitation became more important and favor, especially for natural land use. However, temperature became less important and favor for all land use types, especially for built-up land. This research indicates that abrupt change analysis will help to effectively monitor vegetation trend and to accurately assess the relationship of vegetation dynamics with climate and land use changes.
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Zeng, Jie, Guilin Han, Mingming Hu, Yuchun Wang, Jinke Liu, Shitong Zhang, and Di Wang. "Geochemistry of Dissolved Heavy Metals in Upper Reaches of the Three Gorges Reservoir of Yangtze River Watershed during the Flood Season." Water 13, no. 15 (July 30, 2021): 2078. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w13152078.
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Dissolved heavy metals (HMs), derived from natural and anthropogenic sources, are an important part of aquatic environment research and gain more international concern due to their acute toxicity. In this study, the geochemistry of dissolved HMs was analyzed in the upper Three Gorges Reservoir (TGR) of the Yangtze River (YZR) watershed to explore their distribution, status, and sources and further evaluate the water quality and HM-related risks. In total, 57 water samples were collected from the main channel and tributaries of the upper TGR. The concentrations of eight HMs, namely V, Ni, Cu, Zn, As, Mo, Cd, and Pb, were measured by ICP-MS. The mean concentrations (in μg/L) of eight HMs decreased in the order: As (1.46), V (1.44), Ni (1.40), Mo (0.94), Cu (0.86), Zn (0.63), Pb (0.03), and Cd (0.01). The concentrations of most HMs were 1.4~8.1 times higher than that in the source area of the YZR, indicating a potential anthropogenic intervention in the upper TGR. Spatially, the concentrations of V, Cu, As, and Pb along the main channel gradually decreased, while the others were relatively stable (except for Cd). The different degrees of variations in HM concentrations were also found in tributaries. According to the correlation analysis and principal component (PC) analysis, three PCs were identified and explained 75.1% of the total variances. combined with the concentrations of each metal, PC1 with high loadings of V, Ni, As, and Mo was considered as the main contribution of human inputs, PC2 (Cu and Pb) was primarily attributed to the contribution of mixed sources of human emissions and natural processes, and Zn and Cd in PC3 were controlled by natural sources. Water quality assessment suggested the good water quality (meeting the requirements for drinking purposes) with WQI values of 14.1 ± 3.4 and 11.6 ± 3.6 in the main channel and tributaries, respectively. Exposure risk assessment denoted that the health effects of selected HMs on the human body were limited (hazard index, HI < 1), but the potential risks of V and As with HI > 0.1 were non-negligible, especially for children. These findings provide scientific support for the environmental management of the upper TGR region and the metal cycle in aquatic systems.
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Syahri, Hidayatulah As, Marijati Sangen, and Ahmad Rifani. "ANALISIS STRATEGI PENGEMBANGAN EKOWISATA BAHARI PULAU LAUT KABUPATEN KOTABARU KALIMANTAN SELATAN Study Pada Pulau Samber Gelap, Tanjung Kunyit, Teluk Tamiang dan Pantai Gedambaan." JWM (Jurnal Wawasan Manajemen) 6, no. 2 (February 26, 2019): 115. http://dx.doi.org/10.20527/jwm.v6i2.147.
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<p><em>This study aims to determine (i) Internal environmental factors and weaknesses, (ii) determine factors of external environmental into opportunities and threats in the depvelopment of marine ecotourism in Kotabaru district, and (iii) appropriate strategic alternatives in the development of marine ecotourism in Kotabaru district</em><em></em></p><p><em>This study use destriptive method with qualitative approach. Purposive sampling technique in use to select the sample of 60 tourism and 40 local people who were in Kotabaru district. Data analysis used IFAS, EFAS, SFAS and SWOT analysis.</em><em></em></p><p><em>The result showed that factors of internal environment which became the strength in the development of ecotourism of Kotabaru district are very interesting tourism attraction. It can be seen from natural conditions which are still beautiful, and natural. It is free from pollution and noise, and has very beautiful coral reefs and sea plants, and it is spported by the attitude of local people whoare very friendly and open to tourism. While the factors internal environment which became the weakness in ecotourism of Kotabaru district are limited facilities and infrastructure in the form of limited power supplies, shortage of clean water. In addion, the condition of bad-condition roads caused travel time to reach the tourism attarcations very long. The other weaksness was tourism promotion which was still less than optimal.</em><em></em></p><p><em>The factors of external environment which became the opportunities in the development of ecotourism in Kabupeten Kotabaru were the policies in the depelopment of tourism which are able to attract investors, tourism ttavel agents to open tour and travel services, the policies in development can drive business activites and icrease the sociey’s income and also the policies in the development of tourism can open opportunities to people in every tourism activities. The environmental factors which became threats in marine tourism development in kabupaten Kotabaru were : (1) the fisherman still used tools or equipment which can damage the sea ecosystem, (2) peple still dit not take good care of cleanliness of their living environment, (3) the low awareness of the people of importance of education (4) the development of tourism can influence the local culture wisdom, and (5) the policy of the regional development potencially disturb the activities of people in making their livings as their main jobs.</em><em></em></p><p><em>Priority strategic alternative based on SWOT analysis are : (1) an integrated management of the marine ecotourism development of Kotabaru district-society-based, (2) monitoring the utilization of natural resources should not exceed the capacity of the environment by involving NGOs and government agencies, (3) cooperating with investors in improving tourism facilities nd tourism supporting infrastructure, (4) making tourism-aware group involving government, community, and business as mediators of tourism (5) increasing cooperation with local government with the stockholder in facing high competition, (6) making regular agenda of local cultute festival such as : Mappanretasi and traditional bat races as means of lokal toursm promotion, and (7) diving zones of the use of natural resources with tourism areas.</em><em></em></p>
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Wang, Xiaobo, Hanlun Zhu, Zhendong Shang, and Yencheng Chiang. "The Influence of Viewing Photos of Different Types of Rural Landscapes on Stress in Beijing." Sustainability 11, no. 9 (May 1, 2019): 2537. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11092537.
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The environment can affect people’s health by relieving stress, and rural landscape as a special environment might influence human’s stress relief. This study takes different types of rural landscapes as the research object to explore their impact on stress levels, which are shown by photos. As an independent variable, the rural landscape is divided into three levels: Type 1 (natural landscape), type 2 (productive landscape), and type 3 (artificial landscape). Seventy-three subjects were randomly assigned to each type of rural landscape. Salivary cortisol, blood pressure, heart rate, and a subjective rating state scale (brief profile of mood states, BPOMS) were used as indicators of stress. At the same time, the influence of preference and familiarity on the stress relieving effect was also discussed. A paired t-test and one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) were used as the main statistical methods. In the results of t-test for pre-posttest, significant difference was observed in high blood pressure, heart rate, and total mood disturbance (TMD) of type 1 and type 2, and the high and low blood pressure of type 3; ANOVA analysis revealed that for the difference of pre-posttest, significant difference was observed in the TMD value among the three types; except for type 3, blood pressure, heart rate, and BPOMS values were significantly affected by preference and familiarity. The conclusions include the following: The three types of rural landscapes have a positive effect on relieving stress; the productive landscape has the best effect on relieving stress; and users’ landscape preferences and familiarity with the environment can affect the effect of stress relief in rural landscapes.