Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Environmental management (except in natural environment)'
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1
Arbulú, Villanueva Italo. "Environmental ethics and natural resources’ management: understanding the basis of economic issues." Politai, 2013. http://repositorio.pucp.edu.pe/index/handle/123456789/92582.
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The discussion about this global framework of rights and duties, between humans and other living things and nonliving things, has given rise to a fascinating body of literature in the field of ethics that has been called environmental ethics. The aim of this paper is twofold, first it seeks to present the current elements in the field of environmental politics governing the definition of economic policies on the use of environment and natural resources. Second, it suggests the appearance of other thinking that can influence the way society evaluates the human-nature relationship.La discusión sobre este marco global de derechos y deberes, entre los seres humanos y otros seres vivos y seres no vivos, ha dado origen a un cuerpo fascinante de la literatura en el campo de la Ética que se ha denominado ética del medio ambiente. El objetivo de este documento es doble; por un lado, se busca presentar los elementos vigentes en el campo de la ética ambiental que rige la definición de las políticas económicas relativas al uso del medio ambiente y los recursos naturales. Por otro lado, se plantea la aparición de otras vertientes de pensamiento que pueden influir en la forma como la sociedad evalúe la relación humano-naturaleza.
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Hollinshead, James Michael. "Investigating the great crested newt landscape in a pond rich environment : developing a landscape scale management perspective." Thesis, Liverpool John Moores University, 2011. http://researchonline.ljmu.ac.uk/6167/.
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This thesis investigated graph theoretic analysis of connectivity and habitat availability for landscape scale management of Triturus cristatus, the Great Crested Newt. The ecological foundations of wider landscape management concepts and knowledge base on T. cristatus' habitat requirements, dispersal and migration were explored. Species presence, and aquatic and terrestrial habitat on the Cholmondeley Estate, Malpas, Cheshire, UK was mapped and land cover characterized for suitability and traversibility by T. cristatus. Habitat area available and accessible from ponds were identified. Analysis and modelling of pondscape connectivity using Probability of Connectivity (PC) and related indices, was carried out using Euclidean and Cost Weighted Distance and pond clustering at ecologically relevant scales was examined. Association or correlation of presence with proximity to breeding ponds, pond cluster size, proximity and available quantity of terrestrial habitat, proximity to roads and moving water, and connectivity of breeding ponds were examined at Cost Weighted and Euclidean distances. Connectivity, (PC index), pond count in clusters at 250 and 500m thresholds of connectivity, and proximity to core habitat (broad leaved woodland and rough grassland) using Cost Weighted distances were positively associated with breeding presence. Road proximity and density, proximity of core habitat at Euclidean distances and mean inter-pond distance were not significantly associated with breeding presence. Proximity to moving water was negatively associated with breeding presence. Resistance to movement of various land cover types has important implications for habitat availability and connectivity, , / and important questions are raised in terms of "rule of thumb" guidelines for estimation of connectivity between pond populations and habitat availability around breeding ponds. Graph analysis was used to identify priority areas for maintenance of landscape level connectivity, and enhancement of habitat connectivity and availability on the local population scale, with prioritization of pond creation/protection sites against their contribution to connectivity and habitat I availability, examining various scenarios.
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Lesher, Matthew Allen. "INTERNSHIP WITH OHIO DEPARTMENT OF NATURAL RESOURCES FLOODPLAIN MANAGEMENT PROGRAM." Miami University / OhioLINK, 2007. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=miami1196034236.
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Savinder, Kaur Karpal Singh Ross William. "Traditional knowledge of the environment and natural resource management : The Jakun of the South-East Pahang Peat Swamp Forest, Malaysia /." Abstract Full Text (Mahidol member only), 2008. http://10.24.101.3/e-thesis/2551/cd423/4638536.pdf.
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McRae, Kim Ellen. "Effects of PCB Contamination on the Environment and the Cultural Integrity of the St. Regis Mohawk Tribe in the Mohawk Nation of Akwesasne." ScholarWorks @ UVM, 2015. http://scholarworks.uvm.edu/graddis/522.
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The following research project examines the effects of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) on the environment and the cultural integrity of the St. Regis Mohawk tribe in the Mohawk Nation of Akwesasne. This indigenous community has been subjected to widespread long-term industrial pollution from nearby toxic hazardous waste facilities and Superfund sites.
The Mohawk Nation of Akwesasne has the distinction of being the only tribe whose officially recognized territory straddles the border between the United States and Canada. Using qualitative methodologies, coupled with an interdisciplinary framework, this study successfully engages with Akwesasne community members to explore such issues as bottom-up approaches to addressing complex environmental issues, by gaining a comprehensive understanding of organizational structures and tribal governance networks. This study also identifies a clear parallel between the Mohawk Nation of Akwesasne's struggles and history of environmental justice efforts in the U .S. by articulating the effects of environmental degradation on their cultural integrity, in addition to surfacing themes of resistance and resilience in the community as building blocks for future action.
The research project focuses on the place of the community's voice in the transnational public policy response to PCB contamination in the Mohawk Nation of Akwesasne. Three case studies were conducted in environmental organizations on the Mohawk Nation territory: the St. Regis Mohawk Tribe Environment Division, the Mohawk Council of Akwesasne, and the Akwesasne Task Force on the Environment. These environmental organizations have been working to protect the environment for approximately three decades. A case study analysis relies on data collected from interviews with staff members to determine how they organized themselves to address the environmental and social disruption caused by exposure to harmful chemical pollutants.
Strong parallels can be drawn as a result of an analysis of environmental justice literature, since native communities have not, traditionally, been included in the scholarly academic literature on the Environmental Justice Movement in the United States. In addition to information gathered from institutional policy actors and related stakeholders, in-depth interviews with community members revealed a community framework for future policy development and action. Finally, the research focuses on how those community voices articulate the impacts of PCB contamination on the natural resources in the area, and as a result, on the ability of the St. Regis Mohawk tribe to maintain their culture, heritage, ceremonies, and traditional way of life.
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Johnson, Brian. "Can Education Improve the Environment? Applying the Pressure-State-Response Environmental Indicator Framework to Environmental Education Program Outcomes." Antioch University / OhioLINK, 2013. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=antioch1375367966.
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Huybers, Twan Economics & Management Australian Defence Force Academy UNSW. "Environmental management and the international competitiveness of nature-based tourism destinations : the case of Tropical North Queensland." Awarded by:University of New South Wales - Australian Defence Force Academy. School of Economics and management, 2001. http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/38714.
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The natural environment is a key attraction for Australia???s tourism industry. In order to prevent the deterioration of the environment, environmental management measures have been adopted by the tourism industry. Some of these measures are related to environmental regulations imposed on tourism operators by governments. However, given the dependence of the nature-based tourism industry on the environment, voluntary environmental management measures have also been instituted. The objective of this thesis is to investigate the effect of environmental management on the competitiveness of a nature-based tourism destination. For that purpose, Tropical North Queensland, a major Australian nature-based destination, is selected as a case study. Competitiveness is measured by the aggregate profitability of the tourism industry in the destination region. The investigation incorporates an assessment of the simultaneous effects of environmental management on the destination???s tourism demand and on business costs to tourism operators at the destination. The conceptual background to the investigations is discussed in the first part of the thesis. It includes the rationale for choosing a nature-based destination region as the unit of analysis. The conceptual framework is a departure from the conventional analysis of the relationship between the environment and international competitiveness in which the effect of regulatory compliance costs is emphasised. In this thesis, the potential demand benefits and the associated voluntary environmental management are added to the conventional analytical framework. The primary data for the analysis are derived from two separate investigations. The first comprises an analysis of the tourism industry in Tropical North Queensland. The second investigation involves a discrete choice modelling analysis of destination choices by prospective visitors to Tropical North Queensland. The empirical results show that it is justified to treat the nature-based tourism destination region, Tropical North Queensland, as an aggregate entity in the analysis. The destination competes as a collective unit with other destinations. This is done, predominantly, on the basis of the region???s high-quality natural attractions. The empirical analyses show that tourism businesses??? costs due to environmental management are small in comparison with the positive demand effects. The cost and demand effects are assessed in a quantitative fashion in an economic model. That analysis shows that environmental management makes a positive contribution to Tropical North Queensland???s competitiveness as a nature-based tourism destination.
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Toros, Tulu. "Restorative urban design: toward a design method for mitigating human impacts on the natural environment through urban re/development." Diss., Kansas State University, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/18809.
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Doctor of PhilosophyDepartment of Environmental Design & Planning Program
Lee R. Skabelund
The Restorative Urban Design (RUD) calls for a new urban design and planning approach targeting environmentally responsible re/development of urbanized areas through ecologically responsive impact mitigations. If implemented in a systematic manner, such re/developments can help move urban areas toward the successful restoration of the natural environment of which they are an inseparable part. The RUD model advocates more rigorous assessment and mitigation of urban impacts by carefully evaluating the environmental performance of urban re/developments within five primary dimensions: Atmosphere (emissions, pollutants, ozone depletion); Hydrosphere (stormwater, domestic water, wastewater); Lithosphere (land use, land cover, food and wastes); Ecology (habitat resilience, biodiversity, population and resources); and Energy (renewability, reduction and efficiency, transportation). The model relies on a scenario-comparison process in order to evaluate and optimize the performance of urban re/development projections through four critical scenarios, which are respectively: 1) Natural Baseline (NBASE); 2) Historic Progression (HPROG); 3) Trajectory Forecast (TFORE); and 4) Restorative Projection (RPROJ). The RUD Case Study illustrates how the principles and strategies of Restorative Urban Design can be applied specifically to a typical (densely developed) urban area, namely River North District in Chicago Metropolitan Area. The case study focuses exclusively on mitigation of a single critical human impact on the natural environment: Anthropogenic CO₂ Emissions. The case study focuses on the design assumptions by which the restorative urban re/development scenarios might exceed beyond the full mitigation of emissions into the global remediation by 2040. The restorative projections illustrate that only a certain portion of emissions can be effectively mitigated onsite (5 to 55%), and that the remainder of projected emissions (45 to 95%) need to be mitigated offsite in order to achieve the necessary sequestration and storage. The restorative research suggests that the mitigation of major human impacts on the natural environment – not only CO₂ emissions but also other major impacts – are likely to require significant urban transformations. Moving beyond the strategies of preservation and/or conservation, the restorative approach asserts that comprehensive environmental restoration is achievable if urban impacts are adequately estimated and then entirely mitigated onsite as well as offsite through a systematic process of urban re/development.
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Lintilhac, Louise Sopher. "Management By Crisis: Land Trust Conservation Engagement And Methods In Vermont." ScholarWorks @ UVM, 2015. http://scholarworks.uvm.edu/graddis/309.
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Planning a future for the landscapes we live in can be a daunting challenge for many communities in Vermont. Conservation initiatives affect the quality of life for all community members and can be difficult if not impossible to change in the event of poor planning. Through examining stakeholder relationships with land trusts I have explored the complexities of planning processes used by land trusts in Vermont for conservation initiatives
The study involved one statewide land trust, the Vermont Land Trust, and two community land trusts, the Stowe Land Trust and the Duxbury Land Trust. I used qualitative methods including document review, observation and interviews to gather data on land trust planning. My study shows how stakeholder relationships shape conservation initiatives, what strategies land trusts use to aid stakeholder involvement, and finally, how stakeholder input affects conservation easements and stewardship.
Interviews with multiple internal and external stakeholders for the three land trusts indicate a negative feedback loop within the organizational structure of each land trust I call "management by crisis." My case study examples suggest that stakeholders do not get involved in conservation until there is a threat to the landscape. This makes strategic planning difficult and limits a land trust's ability to link important parcels together for environmental and social benefit.
I suggest that management by crisis can be replaced with positive feedback using Community Based Participatory Research. This approach relies on communities initiating projects and being an integral part of the planning process from the beginning of a conservation initiative. By involving stakeholders from the conception of a conservation project, a land trust can better evaluate community needs in relation to social and environmental wellbeing.
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Mutuku, Jennifer Kalekye. "Emerging Trends in Sustainability Practices at Airports: An Analysis of Awareness and Operational Changes at Commercial Service Airports in Northern Ohio." Kent State University / OhioLINK, 2012. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=kent1337798314.
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Goldmeier, Valtemir Bruno. "Análise da gestão do licenciamento ambiental municipal no estado do Rio Grande do Sul." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/172727.
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Este trabalho aborda o licenciamento ambiental no Brasil como um instrumento de planejamento, com especial ênfase na atuação dos municípios. O licenciamento ambiental, além de ser um mecanismo técnico, administrativo e jurídico capaz de auxiliar os empreendimentos para que causem os menores impactos possíveis ao ambiente, é também um instrumento de planejamento integrado e estratégico, capaz de promover o desenvolvimento sustentado. Os municípios, reconhecidos como entes federados podem e devem exercer a gestão ambiental municipal e, no tocante ao licenciamento, efetuarem aqueles referentes às atividades definidas como de impacto local. Em cada licença gerada poderão exercer através deste instrumento o fundamento para o planejamento urbano, estratégico, social, econômico e ambiental, garantindo proteção dos recursos naturais para a população atual e às futuras gerações. Para este estudo, foram coletados dados através de uma pesquisa em 78 municípios no Estado do Rio Grande do Sul, sendo gerados índices de desempenho. Estes dados permitem sustentar que o ente federado município, apesar de dificuldades particulares a cada caso, pode exercer seu papel constitucional na esfera ambiental, pois além da proximidade com os empreendimentos, a população local tem possibilidade de participar do contexto, auxiliando a administração A participação popular também pode contribuir para o melhor direcionamento dos recursos e ações, colaborando para desenvolvimento local, com menores impactos ao meio ambiente. A pesquisa demonstrou que o Sistema Municipal de Meio Ambiente é viável e protege o meio ambiente através da atuação dos agentes públicos. Este sistema proporciona, num país de grandes dimensões, a possibilidade de proteger o meio ambiente e desenvolver as atividades humanas de forma sustentável. Entretanto, mesmo os municípios que efetuam licenciamentos ambientais locais, carecem de apoio e capacitação técnica permanente e dentre as várias prioridades, a educação ambiental fica em segundo plano da mesma forma que em outras esferas de governo.This work deals with environmental licensing in Brazil as a planning instrument, with special emphasis on the actions of municipalities. Environmental licensing, besides being a technical, administrative and legal mechanism capable of helping enterprises to cause the least possible impacts to the environment, is also an integrated and strategic planning tool capable of promoting sustained development. Municipalities, recognized as federated entities can and should exercise municipal environmental management and, in relation to licensing, carry out actions related to activities defined as local impact. In each generated license, they will be able to exercise through this instrument the foundation of urban, strategic, social, economic and environmental planning, guaranteeing the protection of natural resources for the current population and future generations. For this study, data were collected through 78 municipalities survey in the State of Rio Grande do Sul, generating performance indexes These data allow to argue that the federated municipality, in spite of particular difficulties in each case, can exercise its constitutional role in the environmental sphere, since besides the proximity to the enterprises, the local population has the possibility to participate in the context, helping the administration.Popular participation can also contribute to better targeting of resources and actions, collaborating for local development, with less impact to the environment. The survey analysis showed the Municipal Environmental System viability and protecting the environment through the actions of public agents.This system provides, in a large country and a state with financial and technical difficulties, that it is possible to protect the environment and to develop human activities in a sustainable way.However, even municipalities that carry out local environmental licensing have a lack of permanent technical support and training, and among the various priorities, environmental education has been in second place in the same way as in other government spheres.
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Harreld, Natalie P. "Changing The Climate Narrative: How A Long-Term Climate Change Might Save Our Lives." Scholarship @ Claremont, 2014. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/cmc_theses/897.
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The goal of this paper is to offer new insights into the climate change debate by shifting away from the heated anthropologic arguments that dominate politics, media, and popular science. Instead, I choose to rely on the long-term impacts of a changing climate on our planet. The paper begins with a break down of key processes involved in short-term and long-term climate change, using the latest research. After a foundational understanding of climate sciences is established, we will discuss the failure of the climate change debate in educating the general public about the facts of a changing climate. Finally, the importance of long-term foresight in climate policy and education, and how this perspective could drastically progress the climate debate, will be discussed.
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Simms, Jason. "Turning Water into Wine: The Political Economy of the Environment in Southern California's Wine Country." Scholar Commons, 2013. http://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/4581.
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This dissertation examines questions of water sustainability in contexts of wine production and state-led neoliberal development in the Temecula Valley, southern California, where wine tourism is at present being harnessed as an engine of economic growth. Natural and anthropogenic forces, such as global climate change, desertification, urban development, and the marketization and commodification of natural resources, affect the distribution and availability of water throughout the globe. As a result, the use of water, and associated political and environmental processes and consequences, in the production of global commodities, including wheat, citrus, and coffee, recently have come under increased scrutiny. Given wine's importance as a global commodity, and the concurrent growth of wine tourism as a worldwide phenomenon, local and regional water systems experience increasing strain to meet heightened demand for wine and the associated influx of tourists.
This dissertation presents an ethnographic account of water use in the production of wine in Temecula, a desert-like setting already deficient in water that faces increasing human-induced pressures on its limited supply. Despite its social importance, very few dedicated ethnographies of wine and winemaking within the United States exist.
This dissertation also describes the waterworld of Temecula, using (and critiquing) the model presented by Ben Orlove and Steven C. Caton that examines water in terms of value, equity, governance, politics, and knowledge systems, showing how these elements manifest in three "sites": the watershed, the water regime, and the waterscape. In Temecula, the winery serves as a central locus within the waterworld, a contested representation of the interests, goals, and perspectives of primary actors and stakeholders, while also serving as an important vector of landscape transformation through time. Despite this, no anthropological treatment examining water and winemaking within broader frameworks of the political economy of the environment and historical ecology is extant, a lacuna that this dissertation addresses.
Throughout 2012, I conducted ethnographic fieldwork including archival research, interviews, and participant-observation. For the majority of my fieldwork, I spent time at an established winery in Temecula, during which I participated in many tasks related to wine production, with a focus on water use. Throughout this process, I interviewed dozens of people, including long-time residents, early pioneers in the Temecula wine industry, winery and vineyard employees, water management professionals at local and state levels, environmental service technicians, and many others.
This dissertation demonstrates that under conditions of neoliberal development in challenging economic times in Temecula, environmental concerns such as water availability and sustainability are suppressed or downplayed in order to prioritize goals related to economic growth and development. Ultimately I suggest that developers and local business leaders are guiding this political legerdemain, even if only implicitly, above the din of objections from at least a good number of area wineries, vineyards, and residents. Also, I suggest that as an applied outcome, the totality of potential costs and outcomes at all scales, including regional, must be considered, rather than obfuscated, simplified, or restricted to a local boundary, especially in terms of natural resources and their governance, when such areas lie within locales inexorably connected within a delicate ecological web.
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Parfitt, Claure Morrone. "Áreas especiais de interesse do ambiente natural : uma metodologia de planejamento e gestão." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/27851.
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A expansão desordenada das cidades é a primeira causa da destruição das paisagens e da biodiversidade nas áreas periurbanas. Para prevenir essa perda, é urgente a necessidade de estratégias de planejamento baseadas no entendimento científico de padrões de paisagem relacionados com a produção do meio ambiente urbano. Muitos governos incluem a conservação do ambiente natural como uma explícita meta política. Este estudo apresenta uma metodologia para planejamento e gestão de zonas de preservação do ambiente natural a partir das experiências de transferência de direitos de desenvolvimento. O estudo de caso foi realizado na cidade de Pelotas, cidade média, localizada no Rio Grande do Sul, no extremo sul brasileiro. O método proposto para a gestão da preservação das áreas urbanas de interesse ambiental implica a mediação de um mecanismo de troca de direitos de construir. Para identificação das zonas transmissoras de desenvolvimento foram utilizados o mapa geomorfológico do local e a legislação. As zonas receptoras, por sua vez, foram identificadas levando em conta o crescimento (interno) da cidade no período de 1995 a 2007 a partir da utilização do sensor TM do satélite Landsat. As imagens foram processadas através do aplicativo ER-Mapper. O processamento digital foi realizado em função de duas técnicas de avaliação temporal; (1) avaliação de mudanças temporais; (2) classificação não supervisionada envolvendo bandas e datas diferentes. As áreas de crescimento, posteriormente, foram cruzadas com o mapa de valor do solo urbano, construído a partir de dados coletados junto ao mercado imobiliário local. Os resultados demonstram que a metodologia se mostrou eficiente para o caso de estudo podendo vir a ser aplicada no planejamento e gestão das cidades.The disordered expansion of cities is the first cause of destruction of landscapes and biodiversity in peri-urban areas. To prevent this loss, it is urgent the necessity of strategic planning surveys based on scientific understanding of landscape patterns related with the production of the urban environment. Many governments include the preservation of natural environment as an explicit political goal. This study presents a methodology for the planning and management of a natural environment preservation zone from the experiences of TDR, Transfer of Development Rights. The case study was realized in the city of Pelotas, RS. For the identification of the sending areas, geomorphologic and legislation maps were used. Receiving areas were identified taking into account the (internal) growth of the city in the period between 1995 and 2007, using the TM sensor in the Landsat satellite. Images were processed through ER-Mapper software. Digital processing was realized in function of two temporal evaluation techniques; (1) evaluation of temporal changes; (2) non-supervised classification involving different bands and dates. An urban land value map has been constructed in order to calculate the actual value of the growth areas.. Finally, taking into account the price of land in sending areas, and the value of the construction square meter in receiving areas, it has been possible to verify that the TDR mechanism could be helpful to solve the omnipresent problem of scarce financial resources to preserve natural urban landscapes. The results showed that the methodology proved effective for the case study and can be applied in planning and management of cities.
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Robertson, M. S. T. "Riparian management guides : are they meeting the needs of the interested public?" Diss., Lincoln University, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10182/601.
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In New Zealand, there are many published guidelines about the management of riparian areas. The question needs to be asked, are these guides useful? This research thesis investigates the extent to which riparian management guides meet the needs of the users. This research also considers the importance of riparian management (with regards to the appropriateness of educational guides) in assisting practitioners and the interested public in the management of riparian areas. The main way of investigating this topic was with the help of discussion groups. Discussion groups were held with interested organisations. These groups fell into three categories; Urban groups, Rural groups and Interest groups. The groups were asked to define what would make a guide most useful and desirable to them under three major categories: 1) what the guide looked like, 2) what information was contained, and 3) how was the information accessed. An opportunity was also provided for any further comments. This information was used to create a list of the most popular criteria that existing guides and further publications could be examined against. Eleven criteria were identified as follows: Information should be available online; Have pictures; Include diagrams; Is simple and easy to understand; Contains how to and appropriate methods; Has a plant list; Considers maintenance issues; Identifies where to locate further information; How to contact experts; Is available in libraries; Is in booklet form. The availability of existing information was investigated and its suitability assessed against the criteria. A list of all regional, territorial and unitary councils as well as 'other organisations' that were regarded as sources of environmental knowledge were investigated to see how many had produced information on riparian and wetland management issues. In terms of sources of information, 'other organisations' produce the greatest rate of riparian management information, followed by regional/unitary authorities. Two guides from Canterbury best meet the criteria identified by the interested parties, for the Canterbury region. Each scored 10/11 and failed on different criteria. This led to the conclusion that riparian management guides in Canterbury, while obviously still having room for improvement, are very close to meeting what interested parties feel is most important. Finally, a prototype (model) based on the research is provided for anyone who might be considering preparing a riparian management guide.
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Gooch, Margaret Jennifer, and n/a. "Voices of the Volunteers: An Exploration of the Influences That Volunteer Experiences Have on the Resilience and Sustainability of Catchment Groups in Coastal Queensland." Griffith University. Australian School of Environmental Studies, 2004. http://www4.gu.edu.au:8080/adt-root/public/adt-QGU20040804.150007.
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Research was undertaken for this thesis to uncover characteristics of resilient volunteers and stewardship groups, both of which are a major element of the social mobilisation strategy used in Australia to manage natural resources. The ability of volunteers and groups to overcome problems, deal with new issues as they arise, and keep going under pressure is termed 'resilience'. A 'resilience management' approach to natural resource management uses the idea of 'adaptive change' or panarchy to understand the development of resilience and thus, sustainability in human communities. According to this theory, sustainable communities are both changeable and stable, adapting to new situations as they arise. The research approach used in the study is called 'phenomenography'. It is an interpretive approach, based on the central assumption that there is variation in the ways in which people experience the same phenomenon. Phenomenography was used to see if lessons about resilience and sustainability could be learnt from catchment volunteers. All participants were 'catchment volunteers' working along the east coast of Queensland. They were drawn from a variety of organisations and programs including Landcare; Coastcare; Bushcare; Greening Australia; Waterwatch; treeplanting groups; and Integrated Catchment Management Committees. A total of 26 personal and group interviews involving 85 participants were conducted. Interviews comprised a series of semi-structured questions that were tape-recorded, then transcribed verbatim. Through a process of comparing and contrasting themes in the transcriptions, six conceptions emerged. These were: catchment volunteering was experienced as seeking and maintaining balance; developing/maintaining an identity; empowerment; learning; networking; and sustainable. Analysis of these themes was used to develop a model of catchment volunteer experiences depicting relationships between conceptions (termed the 'Outcome Space' in phenomenography). In this study the Outcome Space emerged as a set of scales, signifying the importance of keeping a balanced perspective on volunteering - a balance between things such as personal goals and organisational goals; between dedication to an unpaid vocation and family life; and between social benefits and environmental benefits. From the Outcome Space, several conceptual and practical outcomes were developed. These included: a typology of participation based on volunteer experiences; a table describing forms of empowerment in catchment volunteering; a table listing drivers for catchment volunteers; an illustration of Holling and Gunderson's adaptive cycle as it applies to stewardship groups; a table of factors that enhance the resilience and sustainability of stewardship groups; a model of the relationship between external pressures and resilient, sustainable stewardship groups; and guidelines for developing resilient sustainable stewardship groups. These outcomes contribute to an understanding of individual, group and community level responses to environmental issues; and how resilience can be developed in volunteers and stewardship groups and programs.
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Майборода, О. В. "Державне управління в природоохоронній галузі крізь призму питань місцевого самоврядування." Thesis, Сумський державний університет, 2017. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/65009.
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Ситуація в Україні щодо питань захисту довкілля залишається складною,
а навантаження на навколишнє середовище зростає, хоча й законодавство
враховує більшість питань захисту екології. У Конституції України
зазначено, що кожен громадянин «має право на забезпечення екологічної
безпеки і підтримання екологічної рівноваги на території України…є
обов’язком держави» (ст. 16). У системі управління охороною довкілля
повноваження мають як державні органи загальної компетенції – Кабінет
Міністрів України, місцеві державні адміністрації, так і органи місцевого
самоврядування.
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Vasques, Henrique Carlos de Figueiredo. "Avaliação da efetividade de manejo da Estação Ecológica de Murici Alagoas." Universidade Federal de Alagoas, 2009. http://repositorio.ufal.br/handle/riufal/1130.
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he creation of protected areas has been the main strategy for protecting natural and cultural
resources in several countries including Brazil and has been much progress in recent years
with the creation of new protected areas in several states of the federation including in
Alagoas. However, to achieve biodiversity conservation the existence of protected areas is is
not enough. It is also necessary to implement them and manage them properly so they can
achieve their goals. Thus, it is necessary to make a systematic assessment of training
deployment and quality of management of the protected area. This systematic assessment
must serve as a basis for policy and strategies to increase the effectiveness of protected
areas implementation. The Ecological Station (ESEC) of Murici is a conservation unit under
full protection, created by decree w/n May 2001, in order to protect one of the largest
remnants of Atlantic Forest in Northeastern Brazil. Within its boundaries is located the
Station of sugar-cane Cross and Flowering Serra do Ouro (EFCSO), wich is linked to the
Federal University of Alagoas (UFAL). The EFCSO is dedicated to scientific research of
cross and flowering of sugar cane, aiming to increase its strength and productivity, EFCSO
produces most of sugar cane varieties that are grown in Brazil. The fact that scientific
experiments are conducted with sugar cane, an exotic species for the Atlantic Forest biome,
has caused divergence of views between the Brazilian Institute of Environment and
Renewable Natural Resources (IBAMA) and UFAL about the feasibility of these experiments
within the ESEC. These conflicts had restrain the synergy between these two institutions
face the common goal of sustainable development. The extent to which the partnership
between the two institutions could contribute to the implementation of ESEC Murici is one of
the objectives of this study. For that , the actual management effectiveness of ESEC Murici is
compared with the effectiveness of implementation of a scenario in which this partnership is
present. The prospective methods based on scenarios had been widely used for determining
the degree of management effectiveness of conservation units. One of those methods is the
Rapid Assessment and Priorization of Protected Area Management (RAPPAM), wich was
developed by WWF (World Wide Fund for Nature). This method, being the most widely
applied in the world and in Brazil, was adopted for this study because of its suitability for the
assessment of conservation units under full protection. After the RAPPAM application, this
study has showed the possibility of an increase of about 11% in the management
effectiveness of the ESEC Murici after the implementation of the partnership.A criação de Unidades de Conservação tem sido a principal estratégia para a proteção dos recursos naturais e culturais em diversos países incluindo o Brasil e muito se tem progredido nos últimos anos com a criação de novas áreas protegidas em vários estados da federação inclusive em Alagoas. No entanto, para alcançar a conservação da biodiversidade não é suficiente apenas a existência de unidades de conservação, é necessário também implementá-las e manejá-las adequadamente. Por isso, torna-se necessária a avaliação sistemática do estágio de implantação e da qualidade do manejo das mesmas, que sirva de base para a definição de políticas e estratégias que permitam efetivar a sua implementação. A Estação Ecológica (ESEC) de Murici é uma Unidade de Conservação de Proteção Integral, criada por decreto s/n de Maio de 2001, com o intuito de proteger um dos maiores remanescentes da Mata Atlântica do Nordeste Brasileiro. Dentro dos seus limites situa-se a Estação de Floração e Cruzamento de Serra do Ouro (EFCSO) vinculada à Universidade Federal de Alagoas (UFAL). A EFCSO dedica-se a pesquisas científicas de cruzamento e floração de cana-de-açúcar objetivando o seu beneficiamento em resistência e produtividade, produzindo sementes da maioria das variedades que se cultivam no Brasil. O fato dos experimentos científicos serem realizados com cana-deaçúcar, espécie exótica para o bioma da Mata Atlântica, tem suscitado divergência de opiniões entre o Instituto Brasileiro do Meio Ambiente e dos Recursos Naturais Renováveis (IBAMA) e a UFAL quanto à viabilidade destes experimentos no interior da ESEC. Estes conflitos têm impossibilitado a sinergia entre estas duas instituições face à meta comum do desenvolvimento sustentável. Em que medida a parceria entre as duas instituições poderá contribuir para a implementação da ESEC Murici é um dos objetivos deste estudo. Para tanto foi comparada a efetividade de manejo da ESEC Murici no grau em que se encontra hoje com a efetividade de implementação num cenário em que a referida parceria já seja uma realidade. Os métodos prospectivos baseados em cenários vêm sendo amplamente utilizados para determinação do grau de efetivação de gestão das unidades de conservação. De entre estes métodos destaca-se o Rapid Assessment and Priorization of Protected Area Management (RAPPAM) desenvolvido pela WWF (Fundo Mundial para a Natureza). Este método, sendo o mais amplamente aplicado no mundo e no Brasil, foi adotado para este estudo por ser adequado para a avaliação das unidades de conservação de proteção integral. Após a aplicação do método RAPPAM, verificou-se a possibilidade de um incremento de cerca de 11 % na efetividade de manejo da ESEC Murici com a concretização da parceria.
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Handiso, Bisrat Woldemichael. "The challenges and Opportunities of the Grand Renaissance Dam for sustainable Energy - Water - Food - Ecosystem services Nexus in Ethiopia." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för geovetenskaper, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-360827.
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Ethiopia has been challenged by multidimensional poverty. However, it has the potential to minimize the threat through an integrated multipurpose development process. In this regard, hydropower has a significant role to reduce energy poverty and enhance the multipurpose use of natural resources efficiency. Hydropower is a source of clean, sustainable and renewable energy. It has a contribution to reducing carbon emission and maintaining environmental sustainability. In Ethiopia, it is the major source of electricity. The country is rich in natural resources, including water to produce energy, however, electricity supply is still uncertain. The data shows that the country has the potential to produce 50,000 MW energy from water resources. Yet, it exploited 3,822 MW in 2018, approximately 7.6 % of its potential. Moreover, the country faces issues with energy security. Additionally, water and food supply also face an uncertain future. In this case, the country has planned the growth and transformation plan I and II for 2015 and 2020 to increase the energy production to 10,000 MW and 17,000 MW energy respectively. Consequently, the government launched different multipurpose hydropower plant projects. This project focuses on the multipurpose use of the Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam, particularly for the sustainable energy-water-food-ecosystem service nexus at the national level. I applied the combination of methods such as the energy-water-food-ecosystem nexus, the SWOT analysis and the sustainability assessment as they are suitable for the complexity of such a project. Indeed, the GERD has benefits for the country in producing renewable and clean energy, generating income and increasing the water storage capacity at the national level. However, the project neglected the values of ecosystem services integration with the dam and its sectors. As a result, the dam affected the existed terrestrial biodiversity and ecosystem. Therefore, the GERD had not been the well-prepared plan that considers institutional cooperation and sectoral integration to use for multipurpose function and its sustainability. In these regards, unless the dam to take proper management of the project and natural resources, the hydropower plant would not have been generating sustainable energy production.The paper shows that how to use the reservoir hydropower plant for multipurpose, such as for energy, water, food, ecosystem services integration at local level
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Lyshall, Linda. "Collaboration and Climate Action at the Local Scale." Antioch University / OhioLINK, 2011. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=antioch1303754240.
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Madzimure, James. "Climate change adaptation and economic valuation of local pig genetic resources in communal production systems of South Africa." Thesis, University of Fort Hare, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10353/427.
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The broad objective of the study was to determine the economic value of local pigs in marketand subsistence-oriented production systems in communal areas of Southern Africa. Data were collected from 288 households to investigate farmer perceptions, effects on pig production and handling of disease outbreaks such as classical swine fever (CSF) in market- and subsistenceoriented production systems. The utilisation of local pigs in these market- and subsistenceoriented production systems in improving people‟s welfare was evaluated. Climate change was identified by farmers in these production systems as a major constraint to pig production hence an experiment was carried out in the hottest season to determine diurnal heat-related physiological and behavioural responses in Large White (LW) and South African local pigs. The same genotypes were used to determine effects of diurnal heat-related stress on their growth performance. Choice experiment was done to determine farmer preferences for local pig traits and implicit prices for these traits in CSF-affected and unaffected areas that were under subsistence- and market-oriented production systems. In this experiment, the importance of heat tolerance was assessed relative to other productive and climate change adaptation traits. Significantly more pigs were culled in the CSF-affected areas that were market-oriented (8.0 ± 1.76) than subsistence-oriented (4.1 ± 1.00) production system. The risk of parasites and disease challenges was high in subsistence-oriented production system and coastal areas. In both production systems, CSF was perceived as destructive since the culling of pigs affected pork availability and income generation. The high risk of disease outbreaks and threat of climate change caused farmers in subsistence-oriented production system to select local pigs for their adaptive traits while those in the market-oriented production system focused on productive imported pigs. Farmers (83 %) indicated that they wanted pig genotypes that were adapted to climate change effects such as hot conditions. Local pigs were found to have superior heat tolerance over LW pigs (P < 0.05) in terms of lower heart rate and skin surface temperature. Frequency per day and duration for behavioural heat loss activities such as wallowing, sleeping in a prostrate posture and sprawling in slurry were also lower (P < 0.05) for local than LW pigs. The superiority of heat tolerance of local over LW pigs was further confirmed by their uncompromised growth performance under high diurnal temperatures. The Pearson‟s product moment correlation coefficient between temperature and feed conversion ratio for LW pigs was strongly positive (r = 0.50; P < 0.001) unlike the weak and positive correlation for local pigs (r = 0.20; P < 0.05). There was a quadratic relationship between temperature and average daily gain (ADG) for both pig genotypes. The regression coefficients for ADG were higher (P < 0.001) for LW than local pigs. It was concluded that at high ambient temperatures, performance of local pigs was less compromised than for LW pigs. Although local pigs were found to be heat tolerant, results of choice experiment showed that this trait was not selected for relative to other traits. Keeping pigs that required bought-in feeds, fell sick often and produced low pork quality (eating quality based on farmer perceptions) negatively affected farmers‟ livelihoods more in subsistence- than market-oriented production system. Farmers in market-oriented production system derived more benefit from productive traits such as heavier slaughter weights and large litter size than subsistence-oriented farmers. Under the subsistence-oriented production system, farmers in CSF-affected areas placed high prices on adaptive traits than the unaffected areas. Subsistence-oriented farmers who were affected by CSF wanted a total compensation price of R10 944.00 (USD1563.43) for keeping a pig genotype with unfavourable traits when compared to R4235.00 (USD605.00) for their CSF-unaffected counterparts. Implicit prices for traits could not be determined for market-oriented production system. It was concluded that farmers in CSFaffected areas placed high economic values on pig traits than farmers from the CSF-unaffected areas. The findings suggest that adapted local pigs can be promoted in subsistence-oriented production systems while productive imported pigs and their crosses with local pigs can be kept in market-oriented production systems.
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Morman, Alaina M. "United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples: Understanding the Applicability in the Native American Context." Ohio University / OhioLINK, 2015. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou1439561893.
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D?avila, Fl?via Blaia. "Conceitos e t?cnicas para assentamentos humanos na perspectiva da sustentabilidade." Pontif?cia Universidade Cat?lica de Campinas, 2008. http://tede.bibliotecadigital.puc-campinas.edu.br:8080/jspui/handle/tede/66.
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Previous issue date: 2008-05-26The research is based on an analysis of the changes that are occurring in trying to adapt the limitations of the planet facing the constant demands of humanity. After an initial analysis of the problems of growth of cities and the exploitation of natural resources, there is a major historical events and documents produced in the environmental area and presentation of a number of changes in the field of architecture and urbanism. There is then an analysis on techniques to improve the environment urban or peri-urban and feel the need to incorporate principles of ecology in planning and city management. The first technical deal with water resources and urban drainage, pointing the principles proposed for sustainable management of rainwater. In addition to these proposals, there is a land of bioengineering and fitorremedia??o, which are techniques for stabilization and recovery of degraded areas, especially in water courses. Shall be analysed then the permaculture, a philosophy that is creating scenarios in human space already offering a number of practices they consider the energy cycle of human actions, aimed at reduction of waste and ecological awareness in food production and actions of everyday life. The permaculture serves as the basis for ecological communities, called "ecovilas", which house thousands of people seeking to live with another form of relationship with nature around the world. The research is finished with considerations of these approaches, relating them and suggesting lines of future study.
A pesquisa baseia-se em uma an?lise sobre as mudan?as que v?m ocorrendo na tentativa de adapta??o das limita??es do planeta frente ?s constantes exig?ncias da humanidade. Ap?s uma an?lise inicial da problem?tica do crescimento das cidades e da explora??o dos Recursos Naturais, ? feita uma retrospectiva hist?rica dos principais eventos ocorridos e documentos elaborados na ?rea ambiental e apresenta??o de algumas mudan?as na ?rea de arquitetura e urbanismo. Apresenta-se, em seguida, uma an?lise sobre t?cnicas que visam melhoria do meio ambiente urbano ou peri-urbano e consideram a necessidade de incorporar princ?pios da ecologia no planejamento e gest?o das cidades. As primeiras t?cnicas tratam dos recursos h?dricos e da drenagem urbana, apontando os princ?pios propostos para um manejo sustent?vel de ?guas pluviais. Como complemento para estas propostas, destaca-se a bioengenharia de solos e a fitorremedia??o, que s?o t?cnicas para recupera??o e estabiliza??o de ?reas degradadas, sobretudo em cursos d??gua. Analisa-se em seguida a permacultura, uma filosofia que vem criando espa?o nos cen?rios humanos j? que prop?em uma s?rie de pr?ticas que consideram o ciclo energ?tico das a??es humanas, visando a redu??o de res?duos e a consci?ncia ecol?gica na produ??o de alimentos e a??es do cotidiano. A permacultura serve de base para comunidades ecol?gicas, chamadas ecovilas , que abrigam milhares de pessoas que procuram viver com outra forma de rela??o com a natureza pelo mundo todo. A pesquisa ? finalizada com considera??es sobre estas abordagens, relacionando-as e sugerindo linhas de estudo futuro.
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Yeeting, Agnes David. "An economic analysis of the domestication of the tuna fishery - the case of Kiribati." Lincoln University, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10182/1493.
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The Western and Central Pacific Ocean (WCPO) is home to the largest tuna fishery stock in the world. However, Pacific Island members of the Western and Central Pacific Tuna Commission (WCPTC) argue that their share of the economic rent from the tuna catches taken out of the Pacific region is very small, being on average only about 6% of the total net benefit, when compared to the share earned by Distant Water Fishing Nations (DWFNs). Kiribati is one of the Pacific Island Countries (PICs), which relies heavily on its fishery for its economic development and sustainability. Kiribati earns 40% - 50 % of its government revenue from fisheries access fees paid by DWFNs for tuna caught in the the Kiribati EEZ. The Government of Kiribati (GoK) believes that Kiribati could get greater benefit if they develop their own domestic tuna fishery. This study uses Cost-Benefit Analysis (CBA) and SWOT Analysis to investigate whether domestication of the tuna fishery is the right move for Kiribati or not. The CBA reported in this thesis adapted a model developed by Campbell (2004) to investigate and evaluate fisheries policy in Papua New Guinea (PNG). However the model in this thesis is reflective of the situation and case of Kiribati. In analyzing the different options identified in this study, the CBA indicated negative (-) NPV(s) for the medium-sized vessel option and positive (+) NPV(s) for the large-sized vessel option. The SWOT analysis however, complemented the CBA by further investigating the tuna domestication options in the economic, social and business and business environment of Kiribati. The SWOT analysis indicated that the existing situation and business conditions in Kiribati appears to favor the small to medium sized vessel options which are less risky than the large purse seine vessel option.
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Brunt, Matthew. "Analysis of Mammoth Cave Pre-Park Communities." TopSCHOLAR®, 2009. http://digitalcommons.wku.edu/theses/132.
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Before the creation of Mammoth Cave National Park, this area was home to numerous communities, each with a sense of identity. To prepare for the creation of the National Park, all residents living within these communities were relocated, and many of these communities were lost to the passage of time. Today, public memory of these lost communities is being fostered by the descendents of the pre-park area.
Through the use of a Historical Geographic Information System, 1920 Edmonson County manuscript census data, and statistical analysis, the demographic composition of these lost communities was explored. This project not only brought to light a past that is not well known, but also built interest in sustaining public memory of the Mammoth Cave pre-park area through the use of historical GIS and public participation.
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Fink, Susan E. "Environmental law in a developing country, Botswana." 2000.
Find full textAbstract:
This paper outlines the current state of environmental legislation and administration in Botswana,
identifying the various problems with that system. Those problems include fragmented and
overlapping administration and out-dated legislation that is not in keeping with modem, holistic
approaches to environmental management, ineffective and unreliable enforcement, compounded
by rampant non-compliance. The paper then considers some the developments that are being
made to improve this situation, including: the conversion of the environmental agency into a
department and the introduction of an over-reaching environmental Act, preparation of a wetlands
conservation strategy, the introduction of environmental impact assessment legislation. The
paper concludes by querying the effectiveness of those developments when unsustainable
attitudes continue to predominate in the countryLaw
LL.M.
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Paterson, John Richard Bernard. "The Kunene River mouth : managing a unique environment." Thesis, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10413/1025.
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The Kunene River Mouth (KRM) is one of only two river mouths in Namibia. The Kunene river and river mouth is bisected by the international border between Namibia and Angola, and lies between two protected areas, Iona National Park in Angola and Skeleton Coast Park in Namibia. The governments of Namibia and Angola have signed a Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) to link these two parks as a transfrontier park. This study further proposes a transfrontier Marine Protected Area to protect the marine environment surrounding the KRM and the Angola Benguela Front. The KRM is a fluvially dominated freshwater river mouth. The area is a biogeographically important biodiversity hotspot. The remoteness and pristine character contribute to the aesthetic appeal of the area. This study provides a profile of the KRM addressing its conservation value in terms of both biodiversity and aesthetic value, making use of the concept of “sense of place”. An analysis of all current and potential stakeholders is presented and their interests, activities and potential threats are evaluated. The main stakeholders are Government: the Ministry of Environment and Tourism, the Angolan Government, Ministry of Fisheries and Marine Resources, Namwater, Ministry of Mines and Energy, and the Kunene Regional Council. The private sector presently has a small stake in the area, with the exception of the Northern Namibia Development Corporation who is prospecting for diamonds at the KRM. Although the area has great tourism potential there is no tourism development currently underway or planned. The threat analysis suggests that the KRM is under severe threat from inappropriate development, both locally as well as within the catchment. Mining and prospecting were identified as the greatest threat, whereas tourism poses the least threat to the area. It is suggested that appropriate tourism is the most suitable development for this sensitive area. There is currently no coherent management strategy in place for the KRM. The current environmental legislation is ineffective. The need for a stringent adaptive management regime is identified and management goals for the area are suggested. It is further suggested that the concepts of “Thresholds of Potential Concern” and “Limits of Acceptable Change” are useful to monitor indicators for biophysical components and development activities respectively and to maintain a “Desired State” for the area. This “Desired State” must be the result of a participatory process. To be effective stakeholders must reach consensus on the “Desired State”. An eight step participatory process is proposed to develop and implement an adaptive management and development strategy for the KRM.Thesis (M.Env.Dev.) - University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg, 2007.
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Perron, Geneviève Mireille. "ORGANIZATIONAL COMMUNITY CHARACTERISTICS AND BARRIERS TO ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT: ADDRESSING THE ROLE OF COMMUNITIES OF PRACTICE, LANGUAGE, AND MENTAL MODELS IN ORGANIZATIONAL CHANGE." 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10222/14072.
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The current state of organizational environmental management is inadequate to face the risks posed by the natural environment such as resource scarcities resulting from natural, social and/or economic processes such as increases in extreme weather events, natural resources-based conflicts, regulatory restrictions, or trading commodities fluctuations. These changes to the organizational environment call for adaptation so that we may maintain our ability to produce and function sustainably.
Organizations need to adopt practices and processes that consider the natural environment. The adoption of environmental management practices and processes has, however, met barriers. Faced with initiatives that promise considerable financial and environmental benefits, research has reported resistance to buy-in. I suggest that perception barriers, imbedded in language, have a role to play in this lack of change. I propose that individual’s mental model of the organization filters information for decision-making based on language. I suggest that the linguistic repertoire of communities of practice is used to filter information relevant to organizational decision-making.
A quantitative study showed that differences in community of practice linguistic repertoires are found between the environmental and business communities. In addition, varying levels of familiarity with the repertoire of a community of practice were explored to determine whether community membership is reflected in the linguistic repertoires of individuals. The results suggested that the familiarity of graduate students with the linguistic repertoire of the community of practice they were studying was more akin to membership in a community of interest than a community of practice. In addition, the results suggested that environmental and business communities held opposing sets of relevant linguistic repertoires, providing grounds for communication barriers.
Finally, in addition to exploring language’s potential as a barrier and opportunity for change, the in individual’s mental models ability to change was explored. Through case study observations, I showed that a change in the individual’s mental model of the organization could result from participation in an eco-efficiency program. The participants, high-level decision-makers in the organizations, introduced the natural environment as a new aspect to their future decision-making process following participation. Contributions to management and social theory are also discussed.À mon frère Pascal Perron, il aurait été si fier. - To my brother Pascal Perron, he would have been so proud.
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"An assessment of the implementation of the community environmental management programme in Zambia : a case study of Luansobe Settlement - Mufulira district." Thesis, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10413/3092.
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This dissertation comprises two components. Component A consists of background to the research and includes the problem statement, aim and objectives. It also includes the literature review, which provides details on the concept of community-based natural resources management (CBNRM) and its benefits as a participatory approach adopted in the management of natural resources. Component B is presented as a research paper that complies with the requirements of the selected journal for purposes of publication shown in appendix I. Relevant information on the purpose of the study and background to the concept of CBNRM from component A is included in component B for purposes of the research paper. It also includes research findings, analysis and conclusions of the study. CBNRM has been identified as a feasible participatory approach to natural resources management based on community needs and priorities. This research reviews the implementation of the Community Environmental Management Programme (CEMP) as a participatory approach adopted by the Zambian Government to address growing environmental concerns, with particular reference to deforestation, as a result of human activities. This study focuses on Luansobe settlement in Mufulira district, one of eight districts in which the CEMP is being implemented as a pilot project. Luansobe is located in the peri-urban area of Mufulira. The majority of the people living in the area are unemployed and live below the poverty datum line. These people are largely dependent on natural resources for their livelihoods. Unfortunately, some of the activities people are engaged in are having adverse impacts on the resources, in particular forest resources. The main sources of livelihoods are charcoal production and subsistence farming, which are contributing greatly to the deforestation of the surrounding Nsato Forest Reserve. The CEMP is intended to set up institutional structures at national, district and community levels to address the problem of deforestation and the related poverty levels. This is under the premise that this situation can be improved with good management and community involvement. The study reviewed literature on the concept of CBNRM with particular reference to co-management as one form of a participatory approach with shared responsibility on the management of natural resources between government and local communities. The significance of community involvement in the use and management of forest resources is highlighted. The factors necessary for the effective implementation of joint management programmes are also highlighted and their importance in achieving conservation, community development and good governance. A case study was reviewed to show the importance of these indicators to the successful implementation of such participatory programmes. A list of indicators was compiled as the basis for the assessment of the implementation of the CEMP. A review of government documents provided background information on the establishment of the CEMP, the need for its implementation in Luansobe and the structures put in place at national, district and community levels to implement the programme. These data were supplemented by information gathered through semi-structured interviews with purposively selected key informants and workshops with local community members. Information obtained showed that the institutional structures implementing the CEMP on the ground are different from those set out in documents and are deficient of communication links among the stakeholders, especially community members. This has had negative effects on the representativeness of decisions made regarding the implementation of the programme and accountability of leaders to community members. This has further affected the implementation of projects under the CEMP intended to improve people's livelihoods through alternative sources of income that promote the sustainable use of forest resources.Thesis (M.Sc.)- University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg, 2004.
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Gopnik, Morgan. "From the Forest to the Sea: Lessons in Managing Public Space." Diss., 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10161/7131.
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In 2004, a report from the U.S. Commission on Ocean Policy documented a broad range of ecological problems in U.S. ocean waters, including declining fish stocks, changes in marine biodiversity, coastal habitat loss, and hypoxic "dead zones," as well as related governance problems, such as uncoordinated and contradictory laws, underfunded programs, and conflicts between local, state, and federal priorities. The Commission's recommendations for improvement revolved around the themes of ecosystem-based management, improved agency coordination, and regional flexibility.
One recommendation in particular stated that, "Congress ... should establish a balanced, ecosystem-based offshore management regime that sets forth guiding principles for the coordination of offshore activities." Five years later, President Obama instructed an interagency taskforce to develop a "framework for effective coastal and marine spatial planning" to help achieve the goals of that recommendation and, in 2012, nine Regional Planning Bodies were established to begin the planning process.
Not everyone has embraced marine spatial planning (MSP) as a desirable next step in ocean management. Some ocean industries worry that MSP could interfere with economic priorities. New users, such as offshore windfarm developers, fear that extended planning will further delay their activities. Members of Congress have complained that MSP policy lacks adequate legislative underpinnings. Still others worry
that MSP may be a solution in search of a problem, diverting money and attention away from more immediate ocean challenges. Equally worrisome, the policy research community has yet to provide solid theoretical or historical support for the presumed efficacy of MSP in U.S. ocean waters. In light of the recent, rapid adoption of MSP and the questions surrounding it, more rigorous examination is in order.
This study contributes to that examination in two ways. First, it places MSP within the broader context of research and practice in fields such as policy analysis, common-pool resource theory, institutional analysis, planning and design, community engagement, and conflict resolution. Second, it looks at the history of U.S. public lands--a public space that has been accommodating multiple uses and conservation for over a century--as a comparative model.
This approach results in three research questions:
1) Are U.S. public lands and the U.S. EEZ sufficiently similar, based on characteristics most relevant to policy analysis, that successes and failures in one arena might be relevant to the other?
2) If so, has over a hundred years of active public land management in the U.S. produced any lessons for success that might be applicable to the more recently developing field of ocean management, particularly with respect to multiple-use planning and management? and
3) If the settings are similar in meaningful ways, and if lessons can be distilled from public lands management, how might these be transposed, or operationalized to inform the current drive for more integrated ocean management, particularly through the tool of marine spatial planning?
A critical review and synthesis of U.S. public land studies, particularly regarding the history of the National Forests, comprises one important element of the study. This is supplemented with case studies, site visits, detailed analyses of government documents related to both land and ocean management, and extensive formal and informal interviews with key informants in the National Forest and ocean management communities.
The study results answer the first two questions in the affirmative and conclude that sustainable, multiple-use management of government-controlled spaces and resources inevitably requires tradeoffs between numerous competing objectives. These tradeoffs can rarely be resolved through objective decision analysis and will rely implicitly or explicitly on value judgments. Using forest history as a model, it appears that the most significant choices to be made by ocean policy makers will revolve around: 1) the scale of problem definition and resolution; 2) the relative emphasis on political, technocratic, judicial, or participatory decision-making; and 3) the extent of flexibility allowed. Specific suggestions are made for how elected officials, agency staff, environmental organizations, industry, and academia can approach ocean management in a way that reflects a variety of interests, advances understanding, and achieves sustainable and productive ocean ecosystems.
Dissertation
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Ivanova, Anastasia D. "The Role of Vegetative Cover in Enhancing Resilience to Climate Change and Improving Public Health." 2021. https://scholarworks.umass.edu/masters_theses_2/1016.
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Changing temperature and precipitation patterns are causing degraded soil, water, and air quality which is negatively affecting the safety and health of people, and the productivity of urban and rural communities. However, research shows that implementing urban forests and cover crops into urban and rural landscapes, respectively, can mitigate these effects by providing ecosystem services. As extreme precipitation and heat events continue to intensify, there is a need for comprehensively assessing these ecosystem services under changing climates and for this information to be easily accessible by communities for rapid land-use decision making. Therefore, I investigated the role of urban forests and cover crops in enhancing resilience to climate change through 1. a comprehensive review of the urban forest and cover crop ecosystem services in relation to climate change impacts, 2. modeling ecosystem services in Massachusetts using spatially-explicit techniques for an online decision support tool and 3. a comprehensive review of climate change health impacts in urban communities and the restorative and protective properties of urban forests in relation to these impacts. The outputs of this thesis inform community members, agencies, city planners, the medical community, and urban forestry project leaders of the benefits and challenges of planting urban trees and cover crops in Massachusetts as a way to improve the productivity of lands and the well-being of people. In addition, the review articles and the decision support tool can be used by communities to guide preparation for and adaptation to the impacts of climate change including medical provider and patient education, optimizing occupational, residential, and educational settings, and resource distribution.
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Proust, Katrina. "Learning from the past for sustainability: towards an integrated approach." Phd thesis, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/1885/48001.
Full textAbstract:
The task of producing policies for the management of Earth’s natural resources is a problem of the gravest concern worldwide. Such policies must address both responsible use in the present and the sustainability of those finite resources in the future. Resources are showing the adverse results of generations of exploitation, and communities fail to see the outcomes of past policies that have produced, and continue to produce, these results. They have not learned from past policy failures, and consequently fail to produce natural resource management (NRM) policies that support sustainable development. ¶ It will be argued that NRM policy makers fail to learn from the past because they do not have a good historical perspective and a clear understanding of the dynamics of the complex human-environment system that they manage. It will also be argued that historians have not shown an interest in collaborating with policy makers on these issues, even though they have much to offer. Therefore, a new approach is proposed, which brings the skills and understanding of the trained historian directly into the policy arena. ¶ This approach is called Applied Environmental History (AEH). Its aims are to help establish an area of common conceptual ground between NRM practitioners, policy makers, historians and dynamicists; to provide a framework that can help NRM practitioners and policy makers to take account of the historical and dynamical issues that characterise human-environment relationships; and to help NRM practitioners and policy makers improve their capacity to learn from the past. ¶ ...
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Savitri, Endang. "The use of GIS and remote sensing to identify areas at risk from erosion in Indonesian forests : a case study in central Java : a thesis presented in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Natural Resource Management at Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand." 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10179/1506.
Full textAbstract:
Environmental degradation and soil erosion begins when production forests are harvested. Unfortunately, logging cannot be avoided in plantation forests and since this operation can render the land more susceptible to erosion, any negative impacts need to be addressed properly. Erosion potential is predicted by evaluating the response of land cover, soil and slope to the impact of rainfall and human activities. The role of remote sensing and geographical information systems (GIS) in erosion prediction is to collect information from images and maps; combine and analyse these data so that it is possible to predict the erosion risk. The objective of this study was to produce a method to identify areas most susceptible to erosion and predict erosion risk. It is intended that the method be used particularly by forestry planners and decision makers so that they can improve forest management, especially during logging. The study area was within Kebumen and Banjarnegara districts of Central Java, Indonesia. Imagery used included a Landsat 7 satellite image (28th April 2001) and panchromatic aerial photos (5th July 1993). Other data was derived from topographical, soil, and geological maps, and 10 years of daily rainfall data from 17 rainfall stations. Predicting erosion in this study was done by combining rainfall, slope, geology, and land cover data. The erosion risk was predicted using land cover and soil type and depth. A rainfall map was generated using a thin plate spline method. A slope map was derived from a DEM which was generated by digitizing contours and spot heights from topographic maps. A geological map was derived from Landsat image classification with assistance from a 1:100000 scale geological map; and a land cover map was produced from an interpretation of the Landsat image and aerial photographs. A stratified classification technique was used to delineate land covers in the study area with an accuracy of 44%. The low accuracy could be attributed to the complexity of the area and the temporal variation in the data acquisition. The analysis of erosion risk showed that mixed forests and monotype forest experienced high and moderately high erosion risk. This condition supported the contention that harvest plans must incorporate soil conservation measures.
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Oliveira, André Jorge de. "A externalização nas operações de gestão de resíduos." Master's thesis, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10071/4921.
Full textAbstract:
Numa envolvente em que os resíduos sólidos urbanos têm ganho uma importância crescen-te na lista de preocupações das entidades públicas, a gestão destes merece especial atenção. Muitas entidades têm recorrido a organizações externas para gerir os seus resíduos procu-rando soluções mais sustentáveis. Neste sentido procura-se avaliar as razões que levam os municípios a recorrer a esta externalização da gestão de resíduos sólidos urbanos.
Através de estatísticas simples, bem como de testes estatísticos não-paramétricos, procu-rou-se identificar quais os aspectos que mais contribuem para esta decisão, e quais os que, podendo justificá-la no sector privado, não têm uma importância relevante neste caso espe-cífico da gestão de resíduos sólidos urbanos. Procuraram-se também diferentes padrões de resposta, consoante características intrínsecas do município. Para finalizar tentou-se explo-rar eventuais correlações entre algumas das variáveis iniciais.
Os resultados obtidos permitem concluir que a decisão da externalização não é só afectada por razões relacionadas com os custos e investimento, mas também por motivos de nature-za mais operacional, como sejam a procura de melhorias ou questões de âmbito mais orga-nizacional. Referir ainda que nada aponta no sentido de eventuais variações na importância dos vários motivos, consoante as características dos municípios.
Por fim são identificadas limitações aos resultados obtidos bem como dadas pistas para investigação futura.In an environment in which municipal solid waste have been gaining increasing im-portance in the concerns of the public, its management deserves special attention. Many entities have resorted to outside organizations to manage their waste, looking forward to get more sustainable solutions. Bearing that in mind, this work tried to assess the reasons for the municipalities to outsource the management of municipal solid waste. Through simple statistics, as well as statistical non-parametric tests, this work tried to iden-tify which aspects contribute most to this decision, and what, between those that could jus-tify this kind of decision in the private sector, do not have a significant impact in what con-cerns the management of municipal solid waste. It also sought different response patterns between the intrinsic characteristics of the municipalities. Lastly, it tried to explore eventu-al correlations between the initial variables chosen. The results indicate that this decision is not only affected by reasons related to costs and investment, but also by more operational aspects, such as improvement driven reasons or more organizational driven issues. Also, deserves note that there was not found statistical evidence pointing to significant differences depending on the characteristics of the munici-pality. Finally, limitations to the results obtained were identified and clues were given for future research.
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Nyumbu, Mutande Elizabeth. "Poverty and environment : a case study of stone crushing as a sustainable livelihood in Lusaka." Diss., 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/14168.
Full textAbstract:
Poverty and the environment are closely linked, as people use environmental resources to support livelihoods. Illegal stone quarrying evident in Lusaka, Zambia is symbolic of the use of environmental resources by the poor. Stone crushing provides income yet it is characterized by land degradation, large-scale excavation and dumping of waste materials. This study provides an analytical account of stone crushing as a livelihood in Lusaka and makes recommendations for improving the livelihoods of stone crushers to become sustainable. Using a livelihoods approach, a qualitative study collected data from various role players in Lusaka. Assets (physical, natural, human, social and political capital) for stone crushers were assessed, revealing that stone crushers lack livelihood assets, key options and are exposed to various shocks due to seasonal shifts. Increasing access to key livelihood assets, reducing vulnerability, improving infrastructure, access to justice and tackling social exclusion and gender inequality will enhance their livelihoods.Development Studies
M.A. (Development Studies)