Journal articles on the topic 'Environmental law – Russia'
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1
Krassov, Oleg. "Environmental Law in Russia." Review of European Community and International Environmental Law 2, no. 1 (March 1993): 21–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9388.1993.tb00088.x.
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Korolev, Sergey V., and Maria M. Mukhlynina. "Environmental policy and environmental law in modern Russia." Аграрное и земельное право, no. 8 (2021): 147–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.47643/1815-1329_2021_8_147.
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Zavoronkova, N. G., and Yu G. Shpakovskii. "The doctrine of environmental law: theoretical and methodological problems." Courier of Kutafin Moscow State Law University (MSAL)), no. 5 (July 30, 2022): 26–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.17803/2311-5998.2022.93.5.026-045.
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The problem of studying the goals, objectives and legal mechanisms for the implementation of the Environmental Doctrine of the Russian Federation and the development of the doctrine of environmental law in the absence of a clear systematization and interconnection of a set of strategic planning documents is very relevant.The article summarizes and analyzes the main provisions of the Environmental Doctrine of Russia. The authors show that economic globalization significantly changes the nature of environmental management. Many environmental phenomena and related social relations are of a national, international nature.The authors of the article investigated the issues of strategic understanding of international and national environmental policy. The necessity of forming the doctrine of environmental law is shown.The authors believe that the current trends in the development of international relations and the national characteristics of Russia, its competitive advantages, as well as the challenges it faces internally and externally, require the development and implementation of a new environmental policy, its transformation into one of the national and foreign policy priorities. The authors substantiate the necessity and possibility of revising the current environmental and legal national regulation. The ideological and organizational-legal features of the preparation of a new environmental doctrine and the doctrine of environmental law are shown.The article is aimed at the development of ecological and legal mechanisms of environmental protection in the conditions of economic sanctions in order to develop a balanced state environmental policy in the new economic and political conditions of socio-economic development of Russia.
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Mol, Arthur P. J. "Environmental Deinstitutionalization in Russia." Journal of Environmental Policy & Planning 11, no. 3 (September 2009): 223–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15239080903033812.
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Sofronova, Ekaterina, Cameron Holley, and Vijaya Nagarajan. "Environmental Non-Governmental Organizations and Russian Environmental Governance: Accountability, Participation and Collaboration." Transnational Environmental Law 3, no. 2 (May 19, 2014): 341–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s2047102514000090.
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AbstractThis article examines the role of environmental non-governmental organizations (ENGOs) in Russia and the impact of tightening governmental accountability measures. Drawing on 18 interviews conducted in 2012–13 with Russian and international ENGOs, the article examines three key governance issues, namely: the collaborative relationship between the state and ENGOs, the impact of accountability measures on ENGO activities, and the relationships between ENGOs themselves. The findings reveal that ENGOs maintain a legitimate and effective role within Russian environmental governance. However, their legitimacy and success is significantly limited and threatened by increasing accountability measures and state actions. The article accordingly identifies a number of recommendations for increasing the likelihood of successful ENGO action in Russian environmental governance, including improving ENGO collaboration with the state and resolving tensions between participation and accountability.
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Mukhametgareeva, Natalya, and Zylia Yusupova. "THE DEVELOPMENT OF ENVIRONMENTAL COOPERATION BETWEEN THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION AND THE EUROPEAN UNION BASED ON THE PARTNERSHIP AND COOPERATION AGREEMENT AND THE ROAD MAP ON THE COMMON ECONOMIC SPACE." Вестник Института права Башкирского государственного университета 5, no. 1 (April 29, 2022): 55–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.33184/vest-law-bsu-2022.13.8.
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The Russian Federation and the European Union have urgent environmental issues that can be solved only by joint efforts. Russia actively works in cooperation with individual European countries and the European Union in this regard. The partnership between Russia and the European Union in the sphere of ecology is supported by the Partnership and Cooperation Agreement and the Road Map on the common economic space. The completion of such a treaty is very significant not only for the under question countries but for the whole continent.
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Medvedieva, M. O., and T. R. Korotkyi. "RESPONSIBILITY FOR THE ENVIRONMENTAL DAMAGE CAUSED DURING THE ARMED CONFLICT BETWEEN UKRAINE AND THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION: OPPORTUNITIES IN THE ALGORITHM OF PROTECTING NATIONAL INTERESTS." Actual Problems of International Relations, no. 139 (2019): 58–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.17721/apmv.2019.139.0.58-67.
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The article considers international customs, treaties and case-law dealing with responsibility for wartime environmental damage and protection of the environment before, during and after armed conflict. The authors provide the analysis of the rules of state responsibility, international humanitarian, criminal, environmental, human rights law, law of the sea, applicable in this field. The article examines the regime of international legal protection of the environment in relation to Ukraine-Russia armed conflict (in Crimea and eastern Ukraine) and analyzes the possibility of invoking responsibility of Russia as a state and imposing individual criminal responsibility for the damage caused to the environment in the course of this conflict. With this view the authors provide the overview of current Actual problems of international relations. Release 139. 2019 58 proceedings against Russia in international courts and the scope of environmental harm caused as a result of the Russian aggression against Ukraine.
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Ivanov, Aleksandr. "Tackling Environmental Crimes in Russia: Problems and Prospects from the Viewpoint of Building an Environmental and Legal Culture." Всероссийский криминологический журнал 13, no. 1 (February 26, 2019): 114–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.17150/2500-4255.2019.13(1).114-124.
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The author presents a brief historical overview of the institute of environmental-legal liability in Russian and foreign legislation and examines the relevance of introducing the concept of environmental-legal liability; the author also analyzes the discussion on including in Russian and foreign legislation a system of criminal law liability measures for crimes connected with the use of natural resources and environmental protection. The author examines views of Russian and foreign authors on the process of building environmental legislation and notes that it faces various problems. The greatest problem is that the public conscience is not ready for criminal law prohibitions in the environmental sphere, which leads to a high number of offences, the inability of law enforcement bodies to effectively use criminal law measures against people who have violated the nature protection legislation, the latent character of this group of crimes, the absence of unity and consistency in the actions of lawmakers, especially regarding the adoption of environmental normative legal acts at different levels. The author suggests replacing some concepts and norms used in Russian criminal legislation and changing the classification of environmental crimes. He uses the methods of comparative law to analyze the experience of creating a codified normative legal act in the sphere of nature protection. The author concludes that it is too early now to adopt an environmental code in Russia, that the legal system is not ready to build the institute of environmental legal liability and that it is necessary to develop environmental legislation through the traditional method – by including the corresponding rules in the acts of different branches of law. He examines the correlation between the existing administrative and criminal legal prohibitions and concludes that in some cases such prohibitions merge in public consciousness. The author states that the object of crime in the sphere of environmental protection is often multifaceted and complex. He presents the results of a sociological study and concludes that it is necessary to build a system of criminal law prohibitions that corresponds to the public needs and the existing level of legal culture of the people.
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Broslavskiy, Lazar I. "Russia Needs a Law on Compensation for the Environmental Damage." Ecological law 3 (June 24, 2020): 37–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.18572/1812-3775-2020-3-37-43.
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Averyanova, Natalja N. "Ensuring the environmental rights of Russian citizens is a priority direction of the state’s environmental policy." Izvestiya of Saratov University. Economics. Management. Law 22, no. 1 (February 21, 2022): 53–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.18500/1994-2540-2022-22-1-53-59.
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Introduction. Decent and safe life and activities of Russian citizens can only be possible in the favorable environment. The constitutional and legal guarantee in this area is the consolidation of the environmental rights of Russian citizens as a constitutional value, and its provision is a priority task of the state and, accordingly, the most important direction of the implemented environmental policy. Theoretical analysis. The author determines the constitutional and legal content of environmental rights of Russian citizens, reveals their significance for citizens and peoples living on the territory of Russia, identifies trends, prospects and problems of their implementation and development, the role of public authorities in this process. Empirical analysis. The researcher claims that the right of citizens to participate in the management of state affairs in the environmental sphere is implemented in various forms, of which an environmental referendum should be recognized the most effective, since its results are binding on public authorities. Despite this, environmental referendums are not often held. The reasons for this are, on the one hand, the unwillingness of the authorities to listen to the opinion of the population when delivering commercially successful projects, on the other hand, the complexity of the legally established procedure for holding a referendum. Results. It is proved that the right to the favorable environment is the main comprehensive constitutional environmental right, with other constitutional environmental rights being the means of its implementation, or restoration in case of violation. It is concluded that the problems associated with the realization of human rights arise from imperfections in the field of law-making, law enforcement, as well as systemic problems of the state structure of Russia. It is pointed out that there is a need to develop state environmental policy in terms of strengthening legal, organizational and other measures aimed at more effective implementation of environmental rights of Russian citizens.
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Baramidze, D. D. "ENVIRONMENTAL INSURANCE AS A WAY TO MINIMIZE ENVIRONMENTAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL-LEGAL RISKS IN THE ARCTIC." Bulletin of Udmurt University. Series Economics and Law 32, no. 2 (April 8, 2022): 356–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.35634/2412-9593-2022-32-2-356-362.
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The purpose of the study is to analyze the most promising and effective way to minimize environmental and environmental-legal risks in the Arctic climatic conditions. Special attention is paid to the Institute of Environmental Insurance in the light of the development and adoption of the Fundamentals of the State Policy of the Russian Federation in the Arctic for the period up to 2035. It is noted that environmental insurance is not only a guarantee of satisfying the interests of individuals and legal entities in the event of certain insured events, but also one of the preventive ways of environmental protection. Attention is paid to the need to develop public-private partnership in the process of developing infrastructure facilities in the Arctic zone of Russia. According to the author, within the framework of the adoption of the Federal Law "On State Support of Entrepreneurial Activity in the Arctic Zone of the Russian Federation", a voluntary form of environmental insurance, implying additional benefits to Arctic residents, becomes preferable.
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Baramidze, D. D. "ENVIRONMENTAL INSURANCE AS A WAY TO MINIMIZE ENVIRONMENTAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL-LEGAL RISKS IN THE ARCTIC." Bulletin of Udmurt University. Series Economics and Law 32, no. 2 (April 8, 2022): 356–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.35634/2412-9593-2022-32-2-356-362.
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The purpose of the study is to analyze the most promising and effective way to minimize environmental and environmental-legal risks in the Arctic climatic conditions. Special attention is paid to the Institute of Environmental Insurance in the light of the development and adoption of the Fundamentals of the State Policy of the Russian Federation in the Arctic for the period up to 2035. It is noted that environmental insurance is not only a guarantee of satisfying the interests of individuals and legal entities in the event of certain insured events, but also one of the preventive ways of environmental protection. Attention is paid to the need to develop public-private partnership in the process of developing infrastructure facilities in the Arctic zone of Russia. According to the author, within the framework of the adoption of the Federal Law "On State Support of Entrepreneurial Activity in the Arctic Zone of the Russian Federation", a voluntary form of environmental insurance, implying additional benefits to Arctic residents, becomes preferable.
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Albakjaji, Mohamad. "THE RESPONSIBILITY FOR ENVIRONMENTAL DAMAGES DURING ARMED CONFLICTS: THE CASE OF THE WAR BETWEEN RUSSIA AND UKRAINE." Access to Justice in Eastern Europe 5, no. 4-2 (December 13, 2022): 82–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.33327/ajee-18-5.4-a000444.
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Background: There is no war without catastrophic impacts, not only on humans and states but also on the environment and nature. As with all wars, the question is raised as to whether an invasion or aggression is legitimate according to international law. This research aims to discuss an emerging issue at the international level, which is the responsibility of the aggressor state for the environmental damages incurred by the victim state. This paper discusses the possibility of establishing Russia’s responsibility for the environmental damages incurred in Ukraine. It will also shed light on the possible ways Ukraine may raise Russia’s responsibility, internationally speaking. The novelty of this study stems from its originality – it is the first on this topic in the field of international relations and international law. Methods: In this research, the author used a case study to provide an in-depth perspective on the responsibility of the invading state for the environmental damages caused to the victim state. Here, the author used a historical and statistical framework to shed light on the impacts of the Russian aggression against Ukraine on the environment. Moreover, analytical and structural methods were deployed to explain the methods by which Ukraine and the international community might establish Russian responsibility for the environmental damages caused by the invasion. To support the ideas discussed in this paper, the author uses legal texts, international conventions, and official reports issued from national and international institutions. Results and Conclusions: The author found that the Russian aggression against the Ukrainian territory has caused severe environmental damages, which cannot go unpunished. Although traditional international law may be insufficient to punish Russia, customary law, warfare law, and international environmental law include rules that may be used to raise the Russian responsibility for these damages.
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Olenev, Mikhail. "Environmental law and structural analysis of national ombudsman activities in ensuring rights in penitentiary sphere." E3S Web of Conferences 244 (2021): 12015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202124412015.
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The article discusses legal basis for organizing the activities of the Ombudsman (Commissioner for Human Rights in Russian Federation) with the penitentiary system in the field of ensuring human rights, makes a structural analysis of the subject of incoming appeals to the Commissioner for Human Rights in Russian Federation, and also highlights the main areas of interaction in the field of ensuring human rights. In connection with the humanization of criminal and criminal-executive policy of Russia, the number of convicts has significantly decreased, material and household and medical support has improved, etc. As of August 1, 2020, 496 791 people were kept in the institutions of penitentiary system. (minus 27,137 people compared to 01.01.2020). At the same time, some problems regarding the protection of rights of suspects, accused, and convicted persons in the penal system continue to exist. The search for ways to improve penal system, its social reorientation and humanization determine the appeal to a new type of control over the observance of rights and legitimate interests of both convicts and employees of Federal Penitentiary Service of Russia - the institution of Ombudsman in Russian Federation, since problems related to observance of human rights in this area can accumulate for a long time, however, negative consequences of their non-resolution will further affect society and the state as a whole. The interaction of the Commissioner for Human Rights in Russian Federation and the penal system is manifested primarily in the field of ensuring human rights.
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Vinogradov, D. V., D. V. Kashin, and E. V. Shadrina. "Institutional factors affect sustainability of public procurement of construction works in Russia." Journal of the New Economic Association 56, no. 4 (2022): 141–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.31737/2221-2264-2022-56-4-7.
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Public procurement entities in Russia do not have to include environmental criteria in procurement, yet the strategic priority of the Russian government implicitly calls for it. We analyse such institutional factors affecting green public procurement, as the stringency of the law and the level organisation takes in the federal–municipal hierarchy. Our sample covers all procedures in public procurement of construction works in RF in 2019. International environmental standards are widely used in construction, suggesting procurement entities might be informed about existing environmental criteria. The data revealing green procedures is rather rare, and the strictness of the law reduces the probability of including environmental criteria in procurement. Organisations at the federal and regional levels are more likely to use environmental criteria in procurement than those at the municipal level. Corporations governed by the more fl exible procurement law are more likely to use environmental criteria. With respect to energy effi ciency, where clear guidance exists, the difference diminishes or reverts. Results indicate fl exible legislation and clear guidance may reduce caution and through that contribute to wider adoption of green public procurement in Russia.
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Zakharchuk, Sergey. "Environmental law and reconciliation with a representative of power under criminal law of Russia." E3S Web of Conferences 244 (2021): 12021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202124412021.
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Domestic criminal legislation provides for possibility of releasing from criminal liability a person who has committed a crime of small or medium gravity for the first time, provided that he/she has reconciled with the victim and made amends for the harm caused. Comparative legal analysis shows that similar norms are found in the criminal laws of foreign states. The article discusses issues related to the possibility of terminating a criminal case in connection with the reconciliation of parties in the event that a victim is a representative of authorities. As a result of analysis of scientific positions on this issue, as well as corresponding law enforcement practice, ambiguity in approaches to its solution was revealed. The presence of certain contradictions in the area under study is also confirmed by statistical information. The author substantiates the position on the need to establish a ban on exemption from criminal liability in connection with reconciliation with the victim, if a crime is committed against justice or the order of administration, and the victim is a representative of authorities. In this case, the victim acts as an additional objective manifestation of encroachment, and therefore, reconciliation cannot eliminate the harm done to the interests of the state - the main object of criminal encroachment. In order to resolve the problem, it is proposed to amend Article 76 of Criminal Code of Russian Federation.
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GANBOLD, UNANCH. "Municipal property law in Russia and Mongolia." Public Administration 24, no. 5 (2022): 19–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.22394/2070-8378-2022-24-5-19-23.
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The specificity of the legal regime for municipal property is determined by various factors, including features of the administrative-territorial structure, relations between different levels of public authority, the economic policy of the state, and the essential characteristics of the legal system. An analysis of Russian and Mongolian legislation showed some significant differences in consolidating the right to municipal property. Some of them are caused by varying independence levels of municipalities. In Mongolia, the combination of the principles of self-governance and public administration provides a wide range of opportunities for public authorities to participate in municipal property management. The author notes that Russia and Mongolia have a fundamentally different approaches to understanding the essence of rights to property and other objects of civil law. In Russia, the legislator tries to adhere to the distinction between property rights and rights of obligation; in Mongolia, there is a proprietary concept that allows any objects to be considered as objects of property rights. That makes possible the resolution of controversial issues regarding the ownership of municipalities on budget funds, non-documentary securities, and intellectual property rights.
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KUCHENIN, Evgeny Sergeevich, Igor Olegovich LOSHKAREV, Natalya Viktorovna LUTOVINOVA, and Maria Sergeyevna LAVRENTIEVA. "Environmental Law: International Trends and National Characteristics." Journal of Environmental Management and Tourism 10, no. 7 (January 25, 2020): 1458. http://dx.doi.org/10.14505//jemt.v10.7(39).03.
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Environmental law is an actively developing branch of law in all countries, including Russia. Changes in the sphere of legal regulation of environmental management, protection and safety as an element of national security, like in any other branch of law, are due to the need to constantly improve the legal regulation of social relations. However, changes in the field of environmental law are particularly dynamic. This is due to, on the one hand, the continuing growth of adverse effects on the environment and, on the other hand, the development of new resource and energy-saving technologies and the need for their more active implementation in economic activities, as well as the application of effective management procedures. The article suggests directions for the development of the environmental law branch management in the Russian legal system. First, the norms of environmental law are now becoming fundamental in terms of ensuring basic human rights and freedoms, primarily, the right to life and health protection. Second, the norms of environmental law must be aimed at ensuring the well-being of future generations. Third, it is the complex intersectoral nature of environmental law and, accordingly, the breadth and diversity of sources containing the norms of environmental law. Finally, it is the global nature of environmental problems and, accordingly, the need to coordinate the efforts of the international community in matters of legal regulation of environmental protection, as well as the international exchange of experience in this area and focus on the experience of countries that have achieved the most significant results in the development of environmental legislation.
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Demchenko, M. V. "DIRECTIONS OF DEVELOPMENT OF ECOLOGICAL ENTREPRENEURSHIP IN RUSSIA AND THE WORLD." Innovatics and Expert Examination, no. 3(28) (December 25, 2019): 89–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.35264/1996-2274-2019-3-89-94.
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The purpose of the study is to analyze the legal regulation of the development of environmental entrepreneurship in Russia and the world, to determine the basic models of its functioning. The subject of the research is the opinions of Russian and foreign scientists on environmental entrepreneurship and the provisions of regulatory legal acts in this area.The methodological basis of the study is a complex of general scientific (analysis, synthesis, deduction, induction) and private methods of cognition. The reliability and validity of the results obtained during the study is achieved through the integrated application of research methods in their relationship and interdependence. As a result of the research, scientific results were obtained, in particular, the definitions of environmental entrepreneurship were analyzed, the characteristic of legal regulation of environmental entrepreneurship in certain foreign countries was given, the directions of its development in Russia were determined. The novelty of the results of the work is due to an integrated, systematic approach to the study of the main directions of development of environmental entrepreneurship. The results can be used in the process of improving the legal regulation of the development of environmental entrepreneurship in modern Russia. The theoretical significance of the study lies in the possibility of using the results of the study to develop the science of business law and social security law in Russia.
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Solodov, Denis, and Elżbieta Zębek. "Environmental Criminal Enforcement in Poland and Russia: Meeting Current Challenges." Utrecht Law Review 16, no. 1 (2020): 140–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.36633/ulr.532.
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MAGOMEDOV , ABDULKADYR. "DOES RUSSIA NEED A DOMESTIC VIOLENCE LAW?" Gaps in Russian Legislation 15, no. 6 (November 25, 2022): 275–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.33693/2072-3164-2022-15-6-275-283.
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In Russia, there has been a long-standing effort to develop a special law against domestic violence, as well as a debate on the need for such a law. In 2016, such a bill was sent to the State Duma but received negative feedback and was withdrawn. In 2019, work on the adoption of such a law resumed and a draft was developed and posted on the official website of the Federation Council. However, this draft also received a lot of criticism. In this context, the author considered it important to address the issue and conduct an analysis. Objective: Analysis of the draft laws "On prevention of domestic violence in the Russian Federation" 2016 and 2019 in the context of the current legal regulation, international and foreign experience. Results: the author concluded that the existing legal regulation does not adequately address the issue of prevention of domestic violence and does not protect victims of such violence. A large number of measures which could help to solve this problem are absent in the Russian legal system.
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Gao, Yu, and Maksim Viktorovich Bolotov. "Legal aspects of ensuring national security in the sphere of subsoil use of natural gas in Russia and China." Юридические исследования, no. 2 (February 2022): 1–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.25136/2409-7136.2022.2.37382.
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In the current context, the goals of Russia and China in achieving "carbon neutrality" by 2060 and strengthening their own energy resource and environmental security, the comparative study of the laws on transition towards low-carbon energy sources and new environmental standards declared by both countries is relevant and urgent. The subject of this research is measures to reform legislation in the sphere of exploration and extraction of natural gas in Russia and China, which can be divided into the following aspects: reform of the legislative system on the mineral resources and competitive transfer of the right to use the subsoil plots, reform of the law "On Foreign Investment" and definition of state strategic mineral resources, legal system of environmental protection, and reform regarding the protection of environmental resources in the mining districts. Based on comparative research in various legal disciplines, the author generalizes and analyzes the similarities and differences in ensuring resource and environmental security in Russia and China. This article summarizes the experience and shortcomings of Russia and China in maintaining balance between the national resource security and environmental security aimed at the achievement of "carbon neutrality". Stemming from the fact that both countries manage the appropriate resource and environmental security, China should adopt the Russian experience and transform the administrative provisions of the lower level associated with the protection of resources and environmental security into legislative acts, in order to enhance their law enforcement, compulsory and deterrent authority. Russia, in turn, should also resort to the experience of China in implementation of the factors of market competition in the sphere of exploration of oil and gas, as well as encourage and motivate foreign or domestic private capital to contribute to oil and gas exploration and help Russia to upgrade its equipment and boost production.
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Vinogradov, Vadim, and Sergey Rostovtsev. "Rosguard in decision of issues of domestic policy." Advances in Law Studies 8, no. 4 (January 20, 2021): 41–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.29039/2409-5087-2020-8-4-41-45.
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The article examines the issues of the theory of state and law, the place and role of the troops of the National Guard of Russia in the system of functions of the modern Russian state, the problems of legal support for the activities of the National Guard of Russia in ensuring the national security of Russia.
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Mukhlynina, Maria. "On the implementation of the state environmental policy in law-making and law-enforcement activities in Russia." E3S Web of Conferences 169 (2020): 05008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202016905008.
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The article considers a number of issues of the state environmental policy of the Russian Federation based on the analysis of new laws of the Russian legislation and the current socio-economic situation in the country. The author notes the state strategic documents and programs developed by the Ministry of natural resources of the Russian Federation, presents some data on environmental legislation in the country, and makes judgments that a successful environmental policy is possible only with an integrated approach to the implementation of environmental legislation.
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Shutaleva, Anna, Zhanna Nikonova, Irina Savchenko, and Nikita Martyushev. "Environmental Education for Sustainable Development in Russia." Sustainability 12, no. 18 (September 18, 2020): 7742. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12187742.
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The article is devoted to one of the crucial aspects of sustainable development, with the example of analyzing the possibilities for the development of environmental education in the Russian Federation. The article analyzes the possibilities of the current Russian Federal State Educational Standard for general and higher education in implementing the ideas of education in the interests of sustainable development. The methodological principles and philosophical foundations of environmental education are considered to designate the worldview guideline of ecological thinking. The tasks of the state educational policy of the Russian Federation in the field of environmental education and the implementation of the concept of sustainable development are considered. The article describes the representation of the concept of sustainable development in the state policy of the Russian Federation, in the field of environmental education in the requirements of the Federal State Educational Standard for various subject areas and training courses related to the topic of environmental development in school and university education. The strategic goal of environmental education in Russia is the formation and development of an environmental outlook among students of all ages, which is based on scientific knowledge, environmental culture, and ethics. The continuity, basic principles, and trends of the implementation of environmental education in the Russian Federation are shown.
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Vorontsova, Elena, Andrey Vorontsov, and Yuriy Drozdenkko. "Legal Support of Environmental Safety as a Reaction of the Russian State to Environmental Threats." E3S Web of Conferences 41 (2018): 02031. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/20184102031.
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The article is a comprehensive study of the problems of legal provision of environmental safety in the Russian Federation. The work of the authors was built taking into account the insufficient formation of the legal institution of environmental safety in Russian environmental law. This necessitated the use of an interdisciplinary approach, which allows us to fully consecrate the issues studied. The authors draw attention to the fact that initially environmental safety was not considered by Russian legislators and scientists as an integral part of national safety. The authors conclude that the inclusion of measures designed to ensure environmental safety in a single system for ensuring national safety should contribute to their improvement and development, since they are now becoming a priority. At the same time, the authors note the problem of the terminological inconsistency of the main strategic documents in this area - the National Safety Strategy of the Russian Federation and the Strategy of Ecological Safety of the Russian Federation for the period up to 2025, which, in their opinion, may negatively affect the effectiveness of legal support for environmental safety in Russia.
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Bogolyubov, Sergei Aleksandrovich. "M.I. Kozyr's Agrarian Law Ideas are Confirmed." Сельское хозяйство, no. 2 (February 2022): 34–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.7256/2453-8809.2022.2.39397.
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The works and activities of M.I. Kozyr, Doctor of Law, Professor, remain in the history of agrarian, land, and environmental law. Mikhail Kozyr's initiative, energy, organizational abilities were manifested in creative scientific and practical searches, numerous articles, textbooks, comments on laws, making legislative proposals, trips with scientific landings to republics, territories and regions of the USSR, on foreign business trips, participation in Italian and European agrarian unions. He appreciated, developed, promoted and taught collective farm – agricultural – agrarian law; developed new approaches to the legal provision of food security in Russia, clarifying the subject and methods, improving the quality of acts of agrarian law, implementing the norms of civil, administrative, land legislation in the legal institutions of agrarian law. M.I. Kozyr sought the restoration of agrarian law as a teaching discipline in law higher educational institutions. Currently, the ideas of M.I. Kozyr are recognized in the Russian legal, agrarian community: agriculture is included in paragraph "d" of Article 72 of the Constitution of the Russian Federation on the joint jurisdiction of the Russian Federation and it's subjects ; agriculture is included in the nomenclature of scientific specialties for the defense of dissertations; the multi-vector nature and importance of studying legal issues of agriculture, justification of ways to improve efficiency of legal regulation of economic activity in the agricultural sector of the economy. The professor's followers and students continue to provide scientific and legal support for the development of agriculture in Russia.
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Ермаков, A. Ermakov, Ермаков, and Dmitriy Ermakov. "Environmental Safety: Condition, Problems, Prospects." Safety in Technosphere 4, no. 4 (August 25, 2015): 69–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/14437.
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VII Nevsky International Ecological Congress "Environmental Safety Strategies: Implementation Tools" took place on
May 28–29th 2015 in St. Petersburg. The congress has been heldsince 2008. The main goal of this congress is to assist in the
development of international system of environmental safety through international collaboration, to improve international
environmental law, and to coordinate the legislation of members of the Common wealth of Independent States that regulates
public relations in interaction between society and nature. In this article, we present basic results of discussion of the problems
of Russian environmental safetyin international context (including the project of Strategy of ecological security of the Russian
Federation for the period until 2025). Members of legislative and executive branches of the government, representatives of
international organizations, business communities, educational and research establishments, mass media from 32 countries
and 62 regions of Russia discussed issues during the plenary session and round tables.
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Anichkin, Eugene. "Anomalies in the Constitutional and Legal Space of Modern Russia." Bulletin of Kemerovo State University. Series: Humanities and Social Sciences 2022, no. 1 (February 21, 2022): 42–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.21603/2542-1840-2022-6-1-42-48.
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The article examines constitutional and legal anomalies that prevent effective legal regulation of social relations and sustainable legal development in modern Russia. The research featured such types of anomalies as the dualism of nominal constitutional law and reality, interpretive and law enforcement deviations from the formal constitutional legal norm, normative contradictions, gaps, and other formal legal defects of certain sources and norms of constitutional law. The study was based on historical, comparative, systemic-structural, and formal-legal methods of studying the constitutional and legal doctrine, as well as the current legislation and law enforcement practice of the Constitutional Court of the Russian Federation. Constitutional and legal anomalies appeared to be a complex and controversial issue of great practical relevance that requires further research. Constitutional and legal anomalies proved to have a close connection with the Constitution of the Russian Federation, a special sphere of action, and specific content. They produce a negative effect on the entire legal system of Russia. New measures will prevent and eliminate anomalies, thus ensuring sustainable legal development.
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Grachkova, J. L. "Еnvironmental safety and the role of law in addressing environmental problems In Russian Federation." Courier of Kutafin Moscow State Law University (MSAL)), no. 5 (August 1, 2022): 166–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.17803/2311-5998.2022.93.5.166-178.
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The problem of ensuring environmental security is vital for all states of the world. The new environmental threats that have emerged recently in Russia objectively require relevant approaches both in state practice and in the sphere of theoretical developments. The article defines the role and place of environmental security in the national security system of the country, some of the issues of environmental security of the state in the ecological crisis are discussed, and the issues of ecological culture are reflected. The article investigates and analyzes the main environmental problems, the role of law in resolving them. of ecologically disadvantaged areas, contamination of water bodies, poisoning or damage land by harmful products economic or other activities. The analysis of legal regulation the legal responsibility for the production and trafficking, including content, acquisition, storage, transportation, shipment and sale, the most valuable wildlife and of water biological resources, belonging to the species, included in the Red Book of the Russian Federation and (or) protected international treaties of the Russian Federation.
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Kodolova, Alena V., and Alexander M. Solntsev. "Application of the Polluter-pays Principle in Russian Legislation on Climate Change: Problems and Prospects." Climate Law 10, no. 2 (June 26, 2020): 197–210. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/18786561-01002003.
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The Russian Federation is the fourth largest producer of greenhouse gas emissions in the world. The article is a study of how these emissions are monitored in Russia. In the framework of the polluter-pays principle (ppp), the current Russian legislation on pollutants provides for payment only for methane emissions. No payments are established for any of the other greenhouse gases. The authors conclude that, at present, Russian legislation does not regulate action against climate change, although many political and legal documents are being adopted aimed at adapting to the effects of climate change. A draft statute “On State Regulation of Greenhouse Gas Emissions and Absorption and on Amendments to Certain Legislative Acts of the Russian Federation” is analysed. Despite the fact that this draft law is strongly opposed by the affected industries, the authors conclude that the adoption of this law and the creation of a targeted national climate fund will contribute to the implementation of the ppp in Russia for the purpose of combating climate change.
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Zubarev, M. V. "DEVELOPMENT OF THE RUSSIAN LAW OF OBLIGATIONS IN THE 1905 DRAFT CIVIL CODE." Vestnik Povolzhskogo instituta upravleniya 22, no. 4 (2022): 83–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.22394/1682-2358-2022-4-83-95.
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The author analyzes the level of development of the civil legislation on the example of the law of obligations by means of its comparative analysis with the civil legislation in force in Russia in 1914 – the Code of Civil Laws. Examples of legal novelty in the articles of the draft Civil Code, indicating the development of the Russian law of obligations, are considered. The conclusion is made that the civil legislation developed in the draft was, in quantitative and qualitative terms, a significant step forward, bringing Russian law of obligations closer to European law.
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Хлуденева, Наталья, and Natalya Khludeneva. "Regulatory Function of the Environmental Law: Realization Problems." Journal of Russian Law 4, no. 12 (December 5, 2016): 0. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/22732.
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The article defines the content of the regulatory function of environmental law, which manifests itself not only in its ability to capture the already achieved level of development of social relations in the environmental field, but also in the determination of this branch of law on the further development of ecological relations. According to the author, despite the presence in the arsenal of environmental law in Russia a progressive, meeting the requirements of international ecological standards of ways and means, relations in the sphere of environmental protection cannot be considered as efficient. A high conservation potential tool of modern environmental law often plays a secondary role in coordination of interests of participants of ecological relations, not allowing them to exercise due legal activity. The article analyzes some problems of realization of regulatory functions of environmental law in the context of key challenges of environmental law regulation.
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Broslavsky, L. I. "Court and Environment Protection in USA." Pravosudie / Justice 2, no. 2 (June 11, 2020): 67–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.37399/issn2686-9241.2020.2.67-86.
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Introduction: The article discusses one of the essential problems the global community faces that demands international solutions – environmental protection. Environmental policies have become one of the important government functions in industrialized countries, and are needed to be carried out by all branches of power. The judicial branch is one of them. Theoretical Basis. Methods. The theoretical basis of the research is the works of scientists of the political and legal systems of Russia and the United States. The author used a comparative analysis of Russian and American court practices relating to environmental protection. Results. There are two separate and parallel court systems in the United States, Federal and State. US environmental law includes statutes and regulations (written laws by legislative and executive branches) and common law (precedent law through judicial decisions). The structure and practice of the American court systems is of interest and potential use to Russian scholars and professionals. Discussion and Conclusion. Legal actions in court are essential to ensure compliance with the law, environmental protection, and safeguarding of the constitutional right of citizens to live in a safe and healthy environment as an indispensable part of the quality of life.
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Broslavsky, L. I. "Court and Environment Protection in USA." Pravosudie / Justice 2, no. 2 (June 11, 2020): 67–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.37399/issn2686-9241.2020.2.67-86.
Full textAbstract:
Introduction: The article discusses one of the essential problems the global community faces that demands international solutions – environmental protection. Environmental policies have become one of the important government functions in industrialized countries, and are needed to be carried out by all branches of power. The judicial branch is one of them. Theoretical Basis. Methods. The theoretical basis of the research is the works of scientists of the political and legal systems of Russia and the United States. The author used a comparative analysis of Russian and American court practices relating to environmental protection. Results. There are two separate and parallel court systems in the United States, Federal and State. US environmental law includes statutes and regulations (written laws by legislative and executive branches) and common law (precedent law through judicial decisions). The structure and practice of the American court systems is of interest and potential use to Russian scholars and professionals. Discussion and Conclusion. Legal actions in court are essential to ensure compliance with the law, environmental protection, and safeguarding of the constitutional right of citizens to live in a safe and healthy environment as an indispensable part of the quality of life.
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Sychev, Semen. "Law-Making and Law Enforcement of Civil Rights and Freedoms: Constitutional and Legal Aspects." Bulletin of Kemerovo State University. Series: Humanities and Social Sciences 2022, no. 1 (February 21, 2022): 64–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.21603/2542-1840-2022-6-1-64-74.
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The author raises the question of improving the activities of public authorities that comply with the orders of the Constitutional Court of the Russian Federation. The research featured various issues related to the implementation of constitutional justice and their possible solutions. The study revealed the following needs: 1) to adjust the Federal Constitutional Law on the Constitutional Court of the Russian Federation to time-limits for State Duma draft laws; 2) to return the extraordinary adoption of bills in pursuance of decisions of the Constitutional Court of the Russian Federation; 3) to develop a scheme for the practical enforcement of judicial acts; 4) to expand the functions of the Ministry of Justice of the Russian Federation and its regional structural divisions by including normative legal acts of the subjects of the Russian Federation and acts of their constitutional and judicial review in the sphere of legal monitoring; 5) to develop a special system for informing about decisions taken by the Constitutional Court of the Russian Federation to verify the laws of the subjects of the Russian Federation; 6) to improve criteria and procedures for recognizing regional normative legal acts as similar to provisions of law subjected to constitutional normative control; 7) to provide the Prosecutor's Office with powers to supervise the execution of decisions of the Constitutional Court of the Russian Federation; 8) to amend the Constitution of the Russian Federation and indicate the authority of the Constitutional Court of the Russian Federation to determine the executive body; 9) to change the regulatory and legal regulation aimed at expanding the mandatory powers of the Commissioner for Human Rights in the Russian Federation; 10) to specify the term of political activity with its current broad interpretation. The article also contains some recommendations aimed at improving the legislative regulation in the sphere of protection of civil rights and freedoms in modern Russia.
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Gladun, Elena, and Olga V. Zakharova. "Traditional Environmental Values as the Frameworks for Environmental Legislation in Russia." Ethics, Policy & Environment 23, no. 1 (January 2, 2020): 37–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/21550085.2020.1746004.
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Chauhan, Devshree. "ANALYSIS OF SOCIAL WELFARE LEGISLATION ON ENVIRONMENTAL LAW." Dogo Rangsang Research Journal 12, no. 09 (2022): 106–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.36893/drsr.2022.v12i10n02.106-110.
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With a population of more than 1.3 billion, India is a lower middle-income nation. Although the country has made significant progress in improving overall economic outcomes, productivity levels are still comparatively low. India's industrial sector has a lower labour productivity than China, Russia, South Africa, Malaysia, and Brazil. India was placed 68th out of 140 nations in the 2019 World Economic Forum (WEF) Global Competitiveness Report. This is largely a result of the nation failing to keep up with other nations that are ranked similarly. In categories like ICT adoption, skill base, product market efficiency, and trade openness, India has substantial deficiencies in several of the fundamental enablers of competitiveness. Some new issues, such as uneven governance consequences, significant variations in economic growth, and social welfare inequalities, are emerging with the adoption of regulatory regulations. Theoretical justifications for the aforementioned occurrences are required in order to encourage the sustainable growth of the economy and the environment. Consequently, this Article develops a theoretical model of the impacts of social well being.
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Pavlova, Yulia V., and Svetlana I. Pospelova. "Medical law as the basis for the formation of legal medicine." Sociology of Medicine 20, no. 2 (July 4, 2022): 83–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/socm100982.
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The article is devoted to the results of the section Medical law as the basis for the formation of legal medicine, which was organized within the framework of the XII All-Russian conference with international participation Week of medical education on the initiative of the academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Doctor of Medical Sciences, Doctor of Social Sciences, Professor, Director of the Institute of Social Sciences of the Sechenov University Andrei Veniaminovich Reshetnikov. A summary of the reports of the participants is presented, the role and place of medical law in the modern healthcare system of Russia is determined.
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Crowley-Vigneau, Anne, Andrey Baykov, and Yelena Kalyuzhnova. "Challenges to environmental policies in Russia: The case of APG flaring." Terra Economicus 20, no. 2 (June 25, 2022): 86–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.18522/2073-6606-2022-20-2-86-98.
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Egorova, Maria A. "Foreign experience in the implementation of “green” public procurement legal instruments." RUDN Journal of Law 26, no. 2 (May 28, 2022): 314–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.22363/2313-2337-2022-26-2-314-328.
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The purpose of the study is to generalize the practice of legislative regulation of green public procurement in the countries of the European Union with the prospect of its application in the legal conditions of Russia. The article formulates the legal content of “green” (sustainable) public procurement. It is substantiated that green public procurement will contribute to solving environmental problems, stimulating the subjects of innovative and environmental entrepreneurship to actively support the climate agenda. The study reveals the obstacles that hinder broader engagement of the Russian contract law to raise efficiency of green public procurement in Russia. Conclusions concern normative regulation considering environmental criteria for identifying green public procurement and developing regulations for this type of procurement based on the experience of the world leaders. Normative and legal regulation of “green” procurement is necessary not only for companies, but also for the state, as it reflects national strategic priorities in the field of environmental protection, which is in line with the UN global goals of sustainable development.
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Ermakova, Elena P. "ESG-banking in Russia and the European Union: concept and problems of legal regulation." Gosudarstvo i pravo, no. 7 (2021): 161. http://dx.doi.org/10.31857/s102694520016188-7.
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The article presents the author's view of the current situation with the regulation of ESG-banking in Russia and the European Union. According to the author, the ESG-banking business model is the conduct of banking business in accordance with the sustainable development standards enshrined in the UN. At the national level, ESG-banking must comply with taxonomy parameters. Taxonomy provides for the identification and classification of phenomena and processes to assess the results of ESG-banking. The author came to the following conclusions: 1) there is currently no established international practice in regulating ESG issues: the problem is not a lack of existing standards or frameworks, but the absence of a universal standard; 2) in 2020, documents regulating ESG-banking were published in Russia and the European Union: in the Russian Federation - Recommendations for the implementation of the principles of responsible investment dated 15.07.2020 and Regulation on securities issue standards No. 706-P of the Bank of Russia; as well as Methodological recommendations on "green financing" from 13.07.2020 "VEB.RF"; in the European Union - the EU Taxonomy Regulation dated 18.06.2020, as well as the ECB's Climate and Environmental Risk Guidelines dated 27.11.2020; 3) the adoption of the Federal Law “On Environmental Audit and Environmental Auditing”, developed by the Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment of the Russian Federation, would contribute to the improvement of the implementation of “green” projects in Russia.
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OSADCHUK, Mikhail A., Alexey M. OSADCHUK, Ekaterina D. MIRONOVA, and Karina S. SOLODENKOVA. "Global and Russian Reproductive Care in the Context of Medical Tourism: Ethical, Social, Economic and Political Issues." Journal of Environmental Management and Tourism 12, no. 6 (September 30, 2021): 1537. http://dx.doi.org/10.14505//jemt.v12.6(54).10.
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Cross-border reproductive care is a complex issue of the modern world that also impacts the Russian Federation. The main reasons for engaging in cross-border reproductive care are various legal, social, cultural, economic and religious factors, as well as national healthcare quality. In many countries, reproduction involving third parties, i.e., their sperm, eggs and embryos, is prohibited by law. This is why gamete donation is one of the main causes of pursuing CBRC in a foreign country, with Russia holding leading positions in this industry. Current stage of healthcare development makes Russia a major surrogate tourism destination, due to its common European culture and improved public health standards. Besides, Russia, as a multiethnic state where all religions are represented, has the most liberal legislation concerning infertility treatment. Fertility tourists have the same rights as Russian citizens in terms of assisted reproduction procedures, including obtaining the birth certificate regardless of biological relation to the child.
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Coumel, Laurent. "A Failed Environmental Turn? Khrushchev’s Thaw and Nature Protection in Soviet Russia." Soviet and Post-Soviet Review 40, no. 2 (2013): 167–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/18763324-04002002.
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This article aims to identify a “Thaw” in Soviet environmental history. Focusing on the attempts from some actors, above all writers and scholars of the Academy of Sciences to promote an ambitious law at the all-Union level in the second half of the 1950s, it uses new evidences from the central Russian archives to show the existence of an offensive by activists and experts in this field, but also their failure to obtain the creation of a unified state committee of ministerial rank. If the All-Russian Society for the Protection of Nature (VOOP) was sidelined in this battle, the 1960 Law on Nature Protection was significant for its members. It cited the VOOP as the main organ of control in the environmental field, and created an opportunity for new “social organizations” to emerge in the country: the Brigades for Nature Protection (DOP), the first of which was created at Moscow State University.
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Brinchuk, M. M., and Yu A. Kasprova. "THE ARCTIC AS A SPECIFIC OBJECT OF ECOLOGICAL SAFETY." Bulletin of Udmurt University. Series Economics and Law 31, no. 2 (April 20, 2021): 235–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.35634/2412-9593-2021-31-2-235-242.
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The article explores issues relevant to ecological and natural resources law concerning the Arctic as a specific object of use of natural resources of the region and their protection, i.e. its ecological safety. The importance of this study for the authors is due to the intensive environmentally significant activities being carried out in the region. Geographical and environmental specific features of the Arctic are noted - a large part of the territory of the Russian Federation, a significant geopolitical factor in the life of Russia. It is emphasized that the Arctic as a natural territory has a complex natural structure as a system of natural objects and resources, the relations about which are regulated simultaneously by the whole set of ecological and natural resources legislation and law. As an object of environmental safety, according to art. 72 of the Russian Constitution, the regulation of these relations is jointly administered by the Russian Federation and the subjects of the Russian Federation. The authors draw attention to the need to improve the legal regulation of environmental relations in the Arctic, in particular, in the form of the adoption of a special law on the Arctic, and defects in the development of ecological legislation of the Russian Federation. The main task is highlighted, which should be addressed by the development of ecological and natural resources legislation - the establishment of special regimes of nature use and environmental protection in the Arctic zone of the Russian Federation.
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Popova, Elena A., and Vladimir G. Kokorev. "History of domestic legislation development on criminal liability for environmental crimes." Current Issues of the State and Law, no. 20 (2021): 766–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.20310/2587-9340-2021-5-20-766-778.
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We consider the negative impact of society on the environment, which adversely affects humanity itself. We emphasize the peculiarities of environmental crimes development in Russian law. We point out that the first legislative norms containing responsibility for environmental offenses date back to the middle of the 17th century, when the direct reflection of norms aimed at protecting nature from criminal encroachments begins. We note that the Extensive Edition of Rus’ Justice reflected responsibility for the theft of a number of animals, which in a sense can be attributed to environmental encroachments. It is emphasized that if responsibility for such acts was reflected in the Cathedral Code of 1649, then in the Military Article of 1715 it was absent. We note that in the first codified criminal law, adopted in 1845, under the name “Code on penal and correctional punishments”, acts encroaching on the environment were reflected, which was subsequently consolidated and developed in criminal laws as pre-revolutionary Russia (Criminal Code 1903), and adopted after the October Revolution of 1917, especially in the Criminal Code of the RSFSR in 1960.
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Todorov, A. "Russia on the Northern Sea Route: Having the Cake and Eating It Too?" World Economy and International Relations 65, no. 11 (2021): 123–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.20542/0131-2227-2021-65-11-123-130.
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Today Russia implements two different approaches to managing the Northern Sea Route (NSR). The first one entails signaling openness for international cooperation, foreign investments and cargo with the aim to develop the NSR into a globally competitive maritime route. Such approach is evident both from the statements of the high-ranking Russian officials and the strategic documents dedicated to the Arctic region. The other pattern is reflected in Russia’s willingness to impose limitations on foreign shipping on the Route. In addition to the permission-based national regime for navigation on the NSR, since 2018, Russia has ruled out certain maritime activities on the Route carried out by vessels flying non-Russian flags. Further measures for ships built outside Russia, as well as foreign warships, are being discussed. Taken together, these trends could lead to a suggestion that Russia sees the future development of the Northern Sea Route in attracting foreign investments and cargo, but not the vessels. However, additional layer of inconsistency emerges in Moscow’s attempts to justify the harsh national permission-based regime and national measures aimed at limiting foreign shipping on the NSR. The main argument by the Russian authorities is the special responsibility of the coastal state for the safety of navigation and protection of the marine environment. Yet, the practice indicates that the state is sometimes reluctant to keep high environmental and safety standards – both due to the lack of efficient law enforcement mechanisms and possible unwillingness to challenge the economic development of the region. The article concludes with the suggestion that Russia will need to more clearly decide the future course of development for the NSR and adjust the navigation regime and law enforcement mechanisms accordingly.
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Avdoshyn, I., M. V. Velychko, O. Kyryliuk, and M. Kryvych. "Russian military agression against Ukraine through the prism of hazard of hostile military and anthropogenic influence on environment." One Health and Nutrition Problems of Ukraine 51, no. 2 (August 2, 2019): 5–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.33273/2663-9726-2019-51-2-5-11.
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ABSTRACT. The paper deals with the problem issues of the development of new risks and threats to the national security of Ukraine of environmental nature in cause-and-effect relation to military aggression of Russia against Ukrainian country in the Anti-Terrorist-Operation / Joint-Forces-Operation zone. Any type of anthropogenic influence, specifically at wartime is a threat to environment and it can cause an ecological disaster on a planetary scale. The environmental issues are becoming a constituent part of the most important political and law-making processes: new economic order, human rights, and common European process. It is always an independent element requiring deep scientific comprehension. The paper highlights, that the issue of preconditions of the threats to environmental security in the context of deterioration of environmental situation in the zone of AntiTerrorist-Operation / Joint-Forces-Operation resulting from the direct military aggression of Russia against Ukraine has never been researched into. The main idea of this paper is to make known the facts of environmental problems to the international community and to work out proposals on amending and supplementing some legal documents on state security because the environmental pollution of the territory of Ukraine caused by Russian military aggression is becoming more serious. These abuses and breaches committed by Russia result in damage to Ukraine’s natural environment and serve as a precondition for war crimes, linked to a survival of civilians both in the zone of military operation and in neighbouring districts. To determine and assess the environmental damage from Russia’s aggressive actions and military equipment and weaponry applied it is necessary to perform together with foreign specialists an environmental assessment of inflicted damage. The paper will provide an opportunity to codify and determine the preconditions, risks, threats and specific actions in case of aggression from any state which results in deterioration of environmental situation and causes damages to natural environment. Key Words: threats, environmental security, international environmental law, natural environment.
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Saulyak, O. P. "DEMOCRACY AS LAW AND ORDER DETERMINANT IN MODERN RUSSIA." Moscow University Bulletin of them SY Witte Series 2 Legal science, no. 2 (2020): 24–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.21777/2587-9472-2020-2-24-29.
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Lez’er, Victoria, Vyacheslav Sevalnev, Ekaterina Cherepanova, and Valeriy Zhabskiy. "Measures of criminal law regulation of environmental crimes in the Tyumen city." E3S Web of Conferences 164 (2020): 11030. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202016411030.
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The aim of the article is to analyze the measures of criminal-legal regulation of environmental crimes in Russia, using the example of the city of Tyumen, based on a study of official statistics, current criminal and other legislation, and general theoretical provisions. In the process of writing the article, following research methods were used: formally legal, historical and legal, comparative legal method, analysis, comparison, statistical method and others. The authors provide official statistics regarding the criminal situation in Tyumen in 2015-2019 on environmental crimes.