Journal articles on the topic 'Environmental law – Australia – Case studies'
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1
Williams, Peter John, and Angelique Mary Williams. "Sustainability and planning law in Australia: achievements and challenges." International Journal of Law in the Built Environment 8, no. 3 (October 10, 2016): 226–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijlbe-06-2016-0008.
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Purpose Since 1992, all levels of government in Australia have pursued a policy of ecologically sustainable development (ESD). Crafted in response to the World Commission on Environment and Development 1987 report Our Common Future (the Brundtland Report), the principles contained in the Australian Government’s National Strategy for Ecologically Sustainable Development have been progressively implemented at the national, state and local levels of government. The purpose of this paper is not only to track the implementation of these principles, through both policy and law in Australia, but also to highlight recent challenges to the concept of ESD using the state of New South Wales (NSW) as a case study. Design/methodology/approach Beginning with a description of the Australian concept of ESD, this paper first examines the implementation of ESD through both policy and legislation at the national level. The state of NSW is then selected for more detailed assessment, with examples of key State government legislation and court decisions considered. Equal emphasis is placed on both the achievements in ESD policy development and implementation through legislation, statutory planning procedures and litigation, as well as the challenges that have confronted the pursuit of ESD in NSW. Findings Since its introduction in 1992, the concept of ESD has matured into a key guiding principle for development and environmental decision-making in Australia. However, in recent years, ESD has been the target of significant challenge by some areas of government. Noteworthy among these challenges has been a failed attempt by the NSW Government to introduce new planning legislation which sought to replace ESD with the arguably weaker concept of “sustainable development”. Apparent from this episode is strong community and institutional support for robust sustainability provisions “manifested through ESD” within that State’s statutory planning system. Originality/value This paper provides an overview of the implementation of ESD in Australia within both a broader international context of sustainable development and specific instances of domestic interpretation and application. It extends this analysis by examining recent public policy attempts to reposition sustainability in the context of statutory planning system reform in NSW.
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Tsatsaros, Julie, Jennifer Wellman, Iris Bohnet, Jon Brodie, and Peter Valentine. "Indigenous Water Governance in Australia: Comparisons with the United States and Canada." Water 10, no. 11 (November 13, 2018): 1639. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w10111639.
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Aboriginal participation in water resources decision making in Australia is similar when compared with Indigenous peoples’ experiences in other common law countries such as the United States and Canada; however, this process has taken different paths. This paper provides a review of the literature detailing current legislative policies and practices and offers case studies to highlight and contrast Indigenous peoples’ involvement in water resources planning and management in Australia and North America. Progress towards Aboriginal governance in water resources management in Australia has been slow and patchy. The U.S. and Canada have not developed consistent approaches in honoring water resources agreements or resolving Indigenous water rights issues either. Improving co-management opportunities may advance approaches to improve interjurisdictional watershed management and honor Indigenous participation. Lessons learned from this review and from case studies presented provide useful guidance for environmental managers aiming to develop collaborative approaches and co-management opportunities with Indigenous people for effective water resources management.
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Joseph, R. A. "Technology Parks and Their Contribution to the Development of Technology-Oriented Complexes in Australia." Environment and Planning C: Government and Policy 7, no. 2 (June 1989): 173–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1068/c070173.
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One of the features that Australia has in common with other countries has been the encouragement of clusters of high-technology firms or technology-oriented complexes (TOCs). In Australia, the primary mechanism for promoting TOCs has been technology parks. In this paper the purpose is to review technology park developments in Australia from a perspective which emphasises some key conceptual features of the literature in this area: Agglomeration economies of high-technology firms and firm–university interaction; the creation of new high-technology complexes; and locational factors which make technology parks attractive to high-technology companies. Three Australian case studies, based on interviews with high-technology firms, are reported. One of the key findings from the research is that if Australian technology parks are aiming to establish TOCs that exhibit a high level of interaction between the park and a host university, then the present situation in Australia is far removed from this goal.
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HOWARD, JONATHON LEIGH. "Managing for justice in community-based water planning: a conceptual framework." Environmental Conservation 37, no. 3 (September 2010): 356–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0376892910000627.
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SUMMARYThis paper provides a systematic way to consider justice in community-based environmental planning and management. A conceptual framework connects the literature on management functions to the empirical and theoretical research on justice. Two contrasting case studies of the water reform process in Australia are used to illustrate how to apply this framework. These case studies show that certain perspectives of justice are particularly pertinent during different phases of a planning process, and that community-based environmental planning and management can be more difficult when the stakeholders involved have different values and views about a resource, and when perceived injustices occur early in a planning process.
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Woolaston, Katie. "A voice for wild animals: Collaborative governance and human–wildlife conflict." Alternative Law Journal 43, no. 4 (November 6, 2018): 257–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1037969x18792960.
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Animal lawyers in Australia and around the world often struggle to find room in law to participate in decision-making and give animals a voice. Collaborative governance is a regulatory mechanism that has the potential to overcome this struggle. This ‘new governance’ is of growing importance in environmental and natural resource management, premised on decentralised decision-making and removal of permanent hierarchies. This article will utilise two case studies to outline the benefits of legally integrated collaborative processes for wild animal welfare, including the allocation of a permanent voice in regulation for animal advocates and the ability to promote internalisation of animal-friendly norms.
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Nair, Vikneswaran, Badaruddin Mohamed, Toney K. Thomas, and Richard Teare. "How can the tourism industry respond to the global challenges arising from climate change and environmental degradation?" Worldwide Hospitality and Tourism Themes 8, no. 5 (October 10, 2016): 611–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/whatt-07-2016-0039.
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Purpose This paper profiles the WHATT theme issue “How can the tourism industry respond to the global challenges arising from climate change and environmental degradation?” by drawing on reflections from the theme editors and theme issue outcomes, including case study examples from Malaysia, New Zealand and Canada. Design/methodology/approach This paper uses structured questions to enable the theme editors to reflect on the rationale for the theme issue question, the starting point, the selection of the writing team, the material and the editorial process. Findings This paper uses case studies to illustrate how the tourism industry is responding to climate change issues. Additionally, team members of the theme issue from Australia, India, Germany, Malaysia and Canada review some of the latest thinking on the relationships between tourism and climate change. Practical implications This paper outlines challenges and new approaches to the management of climate change in tourism. Originality/value Explores the extent to which innovative approaches, discussed in this theme issue, could be replicated and applied in countries that have yet to take action on tourism-related climate change.
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Langston, Craig, and Weiwei Zhang. "DfMA: Towards an Integrated Strategy for a More Productive and Sustainable Construction Industry in Australia." Sustainability 13, no. 16 (August 17, 2021): 9219. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13169219.
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Design for manufacture and assembly (DfMA) is an important part of the future of the construction industry due to the promise of speed of project delivery, quality control, worker safety, and waste minimization onsite via the purposeful design for manufacture and assembly offsite. However, the adoption of DfMA in Australia has been slow. This paper investigates the barriers prohibiting widespread uptake and how digital construction will be a catalyst for improving use on commercial-scale projects. A total of six leading experts were interviewed to elicit their opinions, and seven recent case studies of high-rise modular apartment and hotel buildings constructed by Hickory were cross-referenced as evidence of DfMA capability. The experts suggested that the reasons for slow adoption in Australia were community mindset, government regulations and incentives, planning and building codes, unionization and business politics, finance, and supply chain management. The case studies suggest that compatible building type and transportation distance are also factors. These barriers can be addressed by the clever integration of building information modelling tools with lean construction processes as part of a proposed strategy leading to smarter (more productive) and better (more sustainable) outcomes predicated on growth in digital construction practices. The paper concludes with a proposed framework for change that conceptualizes the ‘ecosystem’ needed to support widespread DfMA in the Australian context, including the paradigm shift from building to manufacturing/assembly, the displacement of workers from onsite to offsite activity, and the expansion of interdisciplinary design and construct collaboration.
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Aryanfar, Amin, Aslan Gholami, Payam Ghorbannezhad, Bijan Yeganeh, Mahdi Pourgholi, Majid Zandi, and Svetlana Stevanovic. "Multi-criteria prioritization of the renewable power plants in Australia using the fuzzy logic in decision-making method (FMCDM)." Clean Energy 6, no. 1 (December 21, 2021): 780–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ce/zkab048.
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Abstract The presented study focused on developing an innovative decision-making framework to select the best renewable-power-plant technologies, considering comprehensive techno-economic and environmental variables. Due to the favourable conditions, Australia was selected as the case study. A fuzzy-logic method and analytical hierarchy process were applied to prioritize different renewable-energy power plants. The techno-economic factors included levelized cost of energy, initial cost, simple payback time, and operation and maintenance costs along with environmental factors including carbon payback time, energy payback time and greenhouse-gas emissions were used to rank the power plants. The results showed that the capital cost and simple payback time had the highest priority from an economic point of view. In comparison, greenhouse-gas emissions and carbon payback time were the dominant environmental factors. The analysis results provided economic and environmental priority tables for developing different power plants in the current state and a future scenario by 2030. The fuzzy results and pairwise composite matrix of alternatives indicated that the onshore wind, offshore wind, single-axis tracker polycrystalline photovoltaic, single-axis tracker monocrystalline photovoltaic, fix-tilted polycrystalline photovoltaic and fix-tilted monocrystalline photovoltaic scored the highest in the current state. In contrast, by 2030, the single-axis tracker photovoltaic power plants will be the best choice in the future scenario in Australia. Finally, the results were used and analysed to recommend and suggest several policy implementations and future research studies.
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Niklas, Sarah, Dani Alexander, and Scott Dwyer. "Resilient Buildings and Distributed Energy: A Grassroots Community Response to the Climate Emergency." Sustainability 14, no. 6 (March 8, 2022): 3186. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su14063186.
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The severity and incidence of extreme weather events are increasing with climate change. In particular, wildfires are becoming more frequent, more intense, and longer lasting than before. Fuelled by long periods of dryness and high temperatures, the Australian wildfires of 2019/2020 were record breaking in terms of destruction and chaos. Rural communities were severely affected by power cuts disabling access to essential services. Following the wildfires, a concept for energy resilient public buildings (“Emergency Distributed Energy System”) emerged as a grassroots community idea from the wildfire-affected area of Gippsland, southeast Australia. A combination of desktop and empirical research explored international examples of energy resilience and climate mitigation, the local services and technologies that are needed in Gippsland, and the legal and regulatory challenges and enablers in Australia. The findings were informed by case studies of responses to natural disasters that included California and Greece (wildfires), New Zealand (earthquake), and India (cyclone). The results determined that community resilience can be increased by offering a more reliable electricity supply that would support greater social, political, and economic structures. The deployment of resilient energy systems should be driven by political will, economic incentives and working with communities to support a concerted shift towards low-emissions and distributed energy technologies.
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Chand, Sai, Emily Moylan, S. Travis Waller, and Vinayak Dixit. "Analysis of Vehicle Breakdown Frequency: A Case Study of New South Wales, Australia." Sustainability 12, no. 19 (October 7, 2020): 8244. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12198244.
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Traffic incidents such as crashes, vehicle breakdowns, and hazards impact traffic speeds and induce congestion. Recognizing the factors that influence the frequency of these traffic incidents is helpful in proposing countermeasures. There have been several studies on evaluating crash frequencies. However, research on other incident types is sparse. The main objective of this research is to identify critical variables that affect the number of reported vehicle breakdowns. A traffic incident dataset covering 4.5 years (January 2012 to June 2016) in the Australian state of New South Wales (NSW) was arranged in a panel data format, consisting of monthly reported vehicle breakdowns in 28 SA4s (Statistical Area Level 4) in NSW. The impact of different independent variables on the number of breakdowns reported in each month–SA4 observation is captured using a random-effect negative binomial regression model. The results indicate that increases in population density, the number of registered vehicles, the number of public holidays, average temperature, the percentage of heavy vehicles, and percentage of white-collared jobs in an area increase the number of breakdowns. On the other hand, an increase in the percentage of unrestricted driving licenses and families with children, number of school holidays, and average rainfall decrease the breakdown frequency. The insights offered in this study contribute to a complete picture of the relevant factors that can be used by transport authorities, vehicle manufacturers, sellers, roadside assistance companies, and mechanics to better manage the impact of vehicle breakdowns.
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Mudd, Gavin M. "Assessing the Availability of Global Metals and Minerals for the Sustainable Century: From Aluminium to Zirconium." Sustainability 13, no. 19 (September 29, 2021): 10855. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su131910855.
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Mining supplies metals and minerals to meet the material and energy needs of the modern world. Typically, mineral resources are widely considered to be ‘finite’ in nature, yet, paradoxically, global production and reported reserves and resources continue to grow. This paper synthesizes an extensive array of data on the long-term trends in cumulative mine production, reserves and resources at a global level as well detailed case studies of Australia, a global leader in many sectors of mining, and lithium, a new metal with rapidly growing demand. Overall, the paper shows that growing mine production has been clearly matched by growing reserves and resources, although there are numerous complex social, environmental and governance factors which are already affecting mines and are expected to increasingly affect mining into the future. Thus it is not possible at present to determine the ‘ultimately recoverable resource’, especially as this is a dynamic quantity dependent on a variety of inter-related factors (e.g., exploration, social issues, technology, market dynamics, environmental risks, governance aspects, etc.). This finding reinforces the need for continuing detailed studies of all metals and minerals to understand their individual supply and use dynamics to help modern society meet its needs and sustainable development goals.
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Lakhina, Shefali Juneja, Elaina J. Sutley, and Jay Wilson. "“How Do We Actually Do Convergence” for Disaster Resilience? Cases from Australia and the United States." International Journal of Disaster Risk Science 12, no. 3 (March 25, 2021): 299–311. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13753-021-00340-y.
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AbstractIn recent years there has been an increasing emphasis on achieving convergence in disaster research, policy, and programs to reduce disaster losses and enhance social well-being. However, there remain considerable gaps in understanding “how do we actually do convergence?” In this article, we present three case studies from across geographies—New South Wales in Australia, and North Carolina and Oregon in the United States; and sectors of work—community, environmental, and urban resilience, to critically examine what convergence entails and how it can enable diverse disciplines, people, and institutions to reduce vulnerability to systemic risks in the twenty-first century. We identify key successes, challenges, and barriers to convergence. We build on current discussions around the need for convergence research to be problem-focused and solutions-based, by also considering the need to approach convergence as ethic, method, and outcome. We reflect on how convergence can be approached as an ethic that motivates a higher order alignment on “why” we come together; as a method that foregrounds “how” we come together in inclusive ways; and as an outcome that highlights “what” must be done to successfully translate research findings into the policy and public domains.
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Best, Ashleigh. "The legal status of animals: a source of their disaster vulnerability." July 2021 10.47389/36, no. 36.3 (July 2021): 63–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.47389/36.3.63.
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The 2019–20 Australian bushfire season had a devastating impact on animals. A report sponsored by the World Wide Fund for Nature (2020) estimates that 3 billion native wild animals were affected by the bushfires, with several species now closer to extinction. Thousands of domesticated farm animals also perished, either as an immediate result of the bushfires or as a consequence of being euthanised with fire-related injuries. In addition, there was concern about the adequacy of arrangements for the evacuation and care of companion animals during the emergency. In these diverse ways, the bushfires brought the profound and multidimensional vulnerability of animals to disaster events into stark focus. Using case studies, this paper examines the role the law plays in contributing to this vulnerability. It investigates how the status of animals as ‘property’ under law increases their exposure to hazards and affects their priority in disaster planning and response. This paper also scrutinises the extent to which statutory welfare and environmental protections are capable of optimising wellbeing and survival outcomes for animals in disasters.
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Cabanek, Agata, Maria Elena Zingoni de Baro, Joshua Byrne, and Peter Newman. "Regenerating Stormwater Infrastructure into Biophilic Urban Assets. Case Studies of a Sump Garden and a Sump Park in Western Australia." Sustainability 13, no. 10 (May 13, 2021): 5461. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13105461.
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The main purpose of this paper is to demonstrate how the old modernist engineering technologies, such as single purpose stormwater infiltration basins, can be transformed into quality environments that integrate ecological and social functions and promote multiple sets of outcomes, including biodiversity restoration, water management, and cultural and recreational purposes, among other urban roles. Using the principles and theories of biophilic urbanism, regenerative design, and qualitative inquiry, this article analyzes and discusses the actors, drivers, strategies, constraints, and values motivating the stakeholders to reinvent Perth’s stormwater infrastructure through two local case studies. The “WGV sump park” was developed through a public-private partnership, including professional consultants with community input, and the “Green Swing sump garden” was an owner-builder community-driven project involving volunteers, who maintain it. The results of this research suggest that both projects are successful at managing stormwater in a way that creates multiple community and biodiversity benefits. Communities could gain improved access to nature, social interaction, health, and well-being if local governments support these alternative approaches to regenerate underutilized stormwater infrastructure by promoting biophilic interventions. Mainstreaming this design approach identified some issues that may arise during the implementation of this biophilic urban approach, and the paper suggests ways to enhance the wider delivery of regenerative and biophilic design into urban planning, involving volunteer delivery and maintenance for small scale projects and fully professional assessments for large scale projects.
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Ventura, Rodrigo V., Manoela Cabo, Rafael Caixeta, Elton Fernandes, and Vicente Aprigliano Fernandes. "Air Transportation Income and Price Elasticities in Remote Areas: The Case of the Brazilian Amazon Region." Sustainability 12, no. 15 (July 28, 2020): 6039. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12156039.
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The literature, aimed at understanding the income–price elasticity of air passenger demand, bases its analysis on airport movement. The diversity of studies regarding the casualty between air transportation and economic growth are examples. Some studies covering this link, estimate the income–price relationship with the demand considering international traffic. Considering a domestic setting, where this traffic is significant in Brazil, studies related to remote regions are scarce, and the existing ones focus on governmental policies and subsidies. In addition, empirical studies on the theme consenter themselves in developed regions, such as Europe, North America, and Australia. For Brazil, where we find the Amazon region, there is no empirical research. This paper analyses the price–income elasticity of the demand regarding domestic passengers in air links from remote cities of the Brazilian Amazon. This study uses panel data regression analysis method on a database of domestic scheduled flights of Brazil´s National Civil Aviation Agency. The results show that air passengers involving remote region flights present a lower sensitivity regarding local income and an airline´s price variations than those in flights among capitals. The higher difference is in the income elasticity of the remote city of origin, which is lower than that of the air traffic among capitals.
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Yiftachel, O., and I. Alexander. "The State of Metropolitan Planning: Decline or Restructuring?" Environment and Planning C: Government and Policy 13, no. 3 (September 1995): 273–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1068/c130273.
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In this paper the dynamic relations between the state, society, and metropolitan planning are explored. The changing role and function of the state in the context of rapid restructuring of economic and social relations in Australia during the past decade are discussed, along with the impact of processes such as globalisation, cyclic recessions, and the growing assertion of local communities on the state. The influence of these processes on metropolitan planning, as an arm of the state which mediates between development interests and local communities, is then assessed from a theoretical perspective. Given the identified processes and changes, it is argued that metropolitan planning has become increasingly constrained in its ability to influence the nature and location of urban development in 1990s Australia. The validity of this argument is examined against the case of metropolitan planning in Perth during the past decade. Three key aspects of the changing nature of planning in Perth are studied in detail: A 1987 proposal for a new metropolitan strategy; a 1990 adopted metropolitan plan which derived from the 1987 proposal; and several redevelopment initiatives currently under consideration. It is concluded that the Western Australian state—and subsequently metropolitan planning—have experienced significant challenges to their ability to influence urban change. The constraints imposed on metropolitan planning are simultaneously due to economic pressures ‘from above’ and community pressures ‘from below’. Finally, it is observed that this process possesses a regresive potential, and that metropolitan planning should restructure in order to respond effectively and equitably to recent economic and social changes.
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Manero, Ana, Rachel Standish, and Renee Young. "Mine completion criteria defined by best-practice: A global meta-analysis and Western Australian case studies." Journal of Environmental Management 282 (March 2021): 111912. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2020.111912.
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Cao, Jun, Jason Prior, and Damien Giurco. "Government and Private Company Collaboration in the Governance of Shared Mobility Schemes: A Case Study of Dockless Bike-Sharing Schemes in Sydney, Australia." Sustainability 14, no. 20 (October 13, 2022): 13141. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su142013141.
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While a growing body of studies has investigated the collaborative governance (CG) of dockless bike-sharing schemes (DBSS) worldwide, few offer close descriptions and analyses of stakeholder interactions in specific social contexts. Our study fills this gap by examining the development of CG of DBSS in Sydney, Australia between 2017 and 2020. The methodology is guided by an Integrative Framework for CG, drawing on qualitative analysis of policy documentation and semi-structured interviews with key DBSS participants from the public and private sector. Our findings reveal context-specific drivers and dynamics that shaped the development of particular forms of CG within Sydney’s DBSS.
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Cho, Hannah, Sang-woo Ji, Hee-young Shin, and Hwanju Jo. "A Case Study of Environmental Policies and Guidelines for the Use of Coal Ash as Mine Reclamation Filler: Relevance for Needed South Korean Policy Updates." Sustainability 11, no. 13 (July 2, 2019): 3629. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11133629.
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The South Korean government is pursuing a national project to use the complex carbonates found in coal ash to capture CO2 and promote coal ash recycling. One possible approach is the use of coal ash as fill material in mine reclamation, but environmental concerns have so far blocked the implementation of this procedure, and no relevant regulations or guidelines exist. In this study, we review international approaches to the environmental management of coal ash recycling and consider how the lessons learned can be applied to South Korea. Each studied country was proactively using coal ash for beneficial uses under locally suitable conditions. The United States, European Union, United Kingdom, Australia, and Japan are all putting coal ash to beneficial use following thorough analyses of the environmental impact based on several considerations, including bulk concentration, coal ash leachate concentration, field inspections, and water quality monitoring. Our findings can contribute to the development of proper regulations and policies to encourage the use of recycled coal ash in South Korea as an approach to managing carbon emissions and climate changes. There are currently no relevant regulations in South Korea, so we consider the adoption of the strictest standards at each stage of the other cases at the time of introduction. Based on our findings, detailed and appropriate management guidelines can be developed in the future. Establishing management plans for complex carbonates, verifying their environmental stability, and using them as fill material will provide clear benefits for South Korea in the future.
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Malatesta, Troy, and Jessica K. Breadsell. "Identifying Home System of Practices for Energy Use with K-Means Clustering Techniques." Sustainability 14, no. 15 (July 22, 2022): 9017. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su14159017.
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Human behaviour is a major driver and determinant of household energy consumption, with routines and practices shaping daily energy profiles. These routines and practices are made up of individual lifestyles and other contextual factors that vary from home to home. Social and psychological theories aim to explain and describe how people consume resources in the home, which has resulted in the development of the home system of practice. This evaluates how occupants live and follow multiple routines which result in varying energy consumption practices. This paper develops a methodology to identify and support the concept of the home system of practice using a data analytical approach and link it to residential energy and distribution network management. This paper utilises k-means cluster analysis to identify these different home systems of practices and routines in energy use by using real-time energy consumption data from July 2019 to March 2021 from a living laboratory in Australia. The results of the analysis show the different daily energy profiles for each of the 39 households, with some homes observing large fluctuations and changes in the way they consume energy during the day. Specific homes were discussed as case studies in this paper focusing on linking the occupants’ contextual factors to their energy profiles. This variation is discussed in terms of the routines of the occupants and associated lifestyles that explain why some energy peaks occurred at different parts of the day and differed during the COVID-19 lockdown period in Australia. The paper conducts a comparison between these case studies to show how people’s lifestyles impact household energy consumption (and variation). These case studies investigated the heating and cooling practices of the occupants to demonstrate how they impact overall consumption. This variation is discussed in relation to energy management and prediction of when homes will consume energy to assist in net-zero energy developments and grid stabilisation operations.
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Islam, Nahina, Md Mamunur Rashid, Faezeh Pasandideh, Biplob Ray, Steven Moore, and Rajan Kadel. "A Review of Applications and Communication Technologies for Internet of Things (IoT) and Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) Based Sustainable Smart Farming." Sustainability 13, no. 4 (February 8, 2021): 1821. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13041821.
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To reach the goal of sustainable agriculture, smart farming is taking advantage of the Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) and Internet of Things (IoT) paradigm. These smart farms are designed to be run by interconnected devices and vehicles. Some enormous potentials can be achieved by the integration of different IoT technologies to achieve automated operations with minimum supervision. This paper outlines some major applications of IoT and UAV in smart farming, explores the communication technologies, network functionalities and connectivity requirements for Smart farming. The connectivity limitations of smart agriculture and it’s solutions are analysed with two case studies. In case study-1, we propose and evaluate meshed Long Range Wide Area Network (LoRaWAN) gateways to address connectivity limitations of Smart Farming. While in case study-2, we explore satellite communication systems to provide connectivity to smart farms in remote areas of Australia. Finally, we conclude the paper by identifying future research challenges on this topic and outlining directions to address those challenges.
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Vázquez Vicente, Guillermo, Victor Martín Barroso, and Francisco José Blanco Jiménez. "Sustainable Tourism, Economic Growth and Employment—The Case of the Wine Routes of Spain." Sustainability 13, no. 13 (June 25, 2021): 7164. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13137164.
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Tourism has become a priority in national and regional development policies and is considered a source of economic growth, particularly in rural areas. Nowadays, wine tourism is an important form of tourism and has become a local development tool for rural areas. Regional tourism development studies based on wine tourism have a long history in several countries such as the US and Australia, but are more recent in Europe. Although Spain is a leading country in the tourism industry, with an enormous wine-growing tradition, the literature examining the economic impact of wine tourism in Spanish economy is scarce. In an attempt to fill this gap, the main objective of this paper is to analyze the impact of wine tourism on economic growth and employment in Spain. More specifically, by applying panel data techniques, we study the economic impact of tourism in nine Spanish wine routes in the period from 2008 to 2018. Our results suggest that tourism in these wine routes had a positive effect on economic growth. However, we do not find clear evidence of a positive effect on employment generation.
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Jechow, Andreas. "Observing the Impact of WWF Earth Hour on Urban Light Pollution: A Case Study in Berlin 2018 Using Differential Photometry." Sustainability 11, no. 3 (January 31, 2019): 750. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11030750.
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Earth Hour is one of the most successful coordinated mass efforts worldwide to raise awareness of environmental issues, with excessive energy consumption being one driver of climate change. The campaign, first organized by the World Wildlife Fund in Australia in 2007, has grown across borders and cultures and was celebrated in 188 countries in 2018. It calls for voluntarily reduction of electricity consumption for a single hour of one day each year. Switching off non-essential electric lights is a central theme and resulted in 17,900 landmarks going dark in 2018. This switch-off of lights during Earth Hour also leads to reduction of light pollution for this specific period. In principle, Earth Hour allows the study of light pollution and the linkage to electricity consumption of lighting. However, quantitative analysis of the impact of Earth Hour on light pollution (and electricity consumption) are sparse, with only a few studies published showing no clear impact or the reverse, suffering from residual twilight and unstable weather conditions. In this work, light pollution measurements during Earth Hour 2018 in an urban park (Tiergarten) in Berlin, Germany, are reported. A novel light measurement method using differential photometry with calibrated digital cameras enables tracking of the switching off and switching back on of the lights of Berlin’s iconic Brandenburg Gate and the buildings of Potsdamer Platz adjacent to the park. Light pollution reduction during the event was measurable, despite the presence of moonlight. Strategies for future work on light pollution using such events are discussed.
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Hakkarainen, Pekka, Aileen O’Gorman, François Lamy, and Kati Kataja. "(Re)conceptualizing “Polydrug Use”: Capturing the Complexity of Combining Substances." Contemporary Drug Problems 46, no. 4 (December 2019): 400–417. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0091450919884739.
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The use of multiple psychoactive substances is a widespread phenomenon among people who use drugs. Yet the concept of polydrug use is poorly defined in the social sciences. As a result, theoretical and empirical knowledge of polydrug use is underdeveloped; approaches to measuring polydrug use are inconsistent; and understandings of the cultural meanings of combining substances are limited. This article draws on a collaborative synthesis of three qualitative case studies of polydrug use from four countries: Australia and France, Finland, and Ireland. All three studies explored the practice of substance combination, or “combos” using the lens of intentionality, functionality, and social setting. In addition, the studies shared a common concern with teasing out the rationale for substance combining, and the controls used to balance pleasures with risks, beyond the simple physiological or sensory effects of substances. Our analysis leads us to recommend that a standard definition of polydrug use be adopted for future social science research—that is, the ingestion of two or more substances in combination, at the same time or in temporal proximity, so that the effects of different substances overlap. For analytical purposes, we suggest two subcategories: simultaneous and sequential intake. Moreover, we contend that it is the intention, meaning, and socio-structural context underpinning the use of substance combinations that is central to understanding polydrug use. Consequently, we suggest an adaptation of Zinberg’s seminal concept to one of “drug combo, set, and setting” to incorporate an analysis of the effects of using substances together, or in sequence within a short time frame.
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Caust, Josephine. "Sustainability of Artists in Precarious Times; How Arts Producers and Individual Artists Have Adapted during a Pandemic." Sustainability 13, no. 24 (December 8, 2021): 13561. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su132413561.
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Making a living as an artist, whatever the discipline, is challenging. In addition to skills and talents, artists need resilience, adaptability, creativity, and the ability to withstand endless setbacks and rejections. Most critically, they need an on-going, stable income. Several studies have demonstrated that the income of most artists is usually very low. To survive, artists often find other sources of income aside from their creative work. Ideally, they also need a place to work, the capacity to do their work and a sense of validation from others of their work. When your livelihood disappears over night because of a pandemic, how do you then sustain that creative work? Using multiple sources of data and a qualitative methodology, including case studies and interviews, this paper addresses the ways that artists and producers from different art forms have addressed these challenges in Australia. It is concluded that while the impact of the pandemic on artists’ lives has been considerable, some artists have been able to survive, adapt, and move forward.
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Faroqi, Hamed, Leila Irajifar, and Ali Cheshmehzangi. "Sustainable Development in Smart and Resilient Local Government Areas: An Empirical Investigation of Victoria, Australia." International Journal of Sustainable Development and Planning 17, no. 6 (October 21, 2022): 1943–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.18280/ijsdp.170630.
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Experts always seek for improving the development and management of multidimensional urban systems, including those of sustainability, smartness, and resiliency. These dimensions are the main keywords in related research to model and predict better development in urban and regional areas; there are overlapped concepts, common attributes, and parallel processes in existing indices designed for each of those keywords, which might not be an ideal option for the status quo. Therefore, there is a need to find a balance between these concepts/indices and identify an integrated development strategy that addresses smart, resilient, and sustainable development demands. For this purpose, first of all, attributes and themes used to develop the development indices are collected from the recent literature. Secondly, a semantic text mining technique is used to discover commonly used attributes among the collected ones. Thirdly, Principal Component Analysis (PCA) is used to investigate the correlation between the selected attributes to reduce or merge similar attributes. Fourthly, after collecting data and normalizing calculated scores for each LGA, a k-means clustering method is used to identify LGAs with similar development behaviour. And finally, the developed index is implemented in Victoria, Australia as a case study that includes 79 regional and urban local government areas. Evaluation of the results (comparing the results with two existing studies) indicated the success of the proposed index in bringing smartness, resiliency and sustainability indices under a united and comprehensive development index.
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Weymouth, Robert, Janette Hartz-Karp, and Dora Marinova. "Repairing Political Trust for Practical Sustainability." Sustainability 12, no. 17 (August 29, 2020): 7055. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12177055.
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High levels of trust in government are important in addressing complex issues, including the realization of the mainstream sustainability agenda. However, trust in government has been declining for decades across the western world, undermining legitimacy and hampering policy implementation and planning for long-term sustainability. We hypothesize that an important factor in this decline is citizen disappointment with the current types of public participation in governance and that this could be reversed through a change from informing/consulting to a relationship of partnership. Using case studies from Western Australia, the paper investigates whether an intervention targeted at establishing a partnership relationship through mini-public, deliberative, participatory budgeting would improve trust and help the implementation of sustainability. These results show evidence of improvements in trust and provide conceptual and practical tools for government administrations wishing to close the detrimental trust gap that may hamper the implementation of a sustainability agenda.
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Perez Lopez, Irene, and Daniel Jan Martin. "Rethinking Estuary Urbanism—Preparing Australian Estuary Cities for Changes to Come in the Climate and Biodiversity Emergency." Sustainability 15, no. 2 (January 5, 2023): 962. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su15020962.
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This research investigates the challenges and opportunities of urban estuaries exposed to spatial, urban, and environmental shifts exacerbated by climate change, ecological disturbances, and population growth, taking the cities of Perth, Western Australia and Newcastle, New South Wales, as case studies. Approaching the design of estuary cities in the Climate Century demands a form of estuary urbanism and new paradigms in design, which embrace the constant presence of water. Water becomes the instrument of change to re-think the design of the city and its relationship with the non-built environment since the climate crisis is also a water crisis. Adaptation and mitigation strategies are still emerging fields in design and planning disciplines. Design disciplines can strongly contribute to generating site-specific climate-adaptative responses while re-establishing the connection between built and natural environments, improving ecological balance and spatial quality, and promoting well-being and cultural values. The methodology involves both analytical and projective-explorative methods promoting a site-specific approach, working across scales and disciplines to understand urban estuaries within larger catchments and as complex hydrological and ecological systems. A fundamental goal is the creation of site-specific design strategies to operate in low to medium-density precincts, leveraging water and nature as design tools to improve urban resilience and liveability. There is capacity here to establish design methods and principles that inform future practices through urbanism responding to dynamic ecological and water systems and the unpredictability effects of climate change.
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Ko, Yekang, Brendan F. D. Barrett, Andrea E. Copping, Ayyoob Sharifi, Masaru Yarime, and Xin Wang. "Energy Transitions Towards Low Carbon Resilience: Evaluation of Disaster-Triggered Local and Regional Cases." Sustainability 11, no. 23 (November 30, 2019): 6801. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11236801.
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Following numerous global scientific studies and major international agreements, the decarbonization of energy systems is an apparent and pressing concern. The consequence of continued emission growth tied to rising global average temperatures is difficult to predict, but against a background of other natural and human-induced disasters, may create a situation, from a positive perspective, where each disaster event triggers “build back better” responses designed to speed the transition toward low carbon, resilience-oriented energy systems. This article examines the potential for disaster-triggered responses in communities, at various local and regional levels, in four industrial economies in the Asia Pacific region: Japan, China, Australia, and the USA. Seven case studies were evaluated against a set of criteria that exemplify the key aspects of resilient energy systems. The research results suggest that a new space of innovation does emerge in post-disaster situations at a range of local and regional scales. The greatest potential benefit and opportunity for significant gains, however, appears to manifest at the small community level, and the ultimate challenge relates to how to mainstream local innovations into state and national level transformation on energy systems so as to enhance resilience and promote rapid decarbonization.
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Bell, James, Henry Chan, Michael Chan, and Sungkon Moon. "COVID-19 and Construction: Impact Analysis on Construction Performance during Two Infection Waves in Victoria, Australia." Sustainability 14, no. 5 (February 23, 2022): 2580. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su14052580.
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This research outlines the fluctuation in confirmed active cases of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), as related to the changes in the Victoria state government’s rules and restrictions. Further, this study examines the impact of government restrictions on the performance of construction in Victoria, Australia. The data analyses in this paper identify the specific effects on industrial production, during the different lockdown stages, in three local construction companies. Companies were selected from different points along the supply chain. Company A is a supplier involved in the manufacturing of structural steel. Company B conducts logistics and procurement. Company C is a construction engineering business specializing in foundations. After reviewing relevant case studies and theories, data analyses were developed in collaboration with these companies. The results revealed that the impact of restrictions on the workers on individual construction projects was not significant. Stage 4 restrictions (Victoria’s highest lockdown level) significantly impacted overall income by limiting construction to only servicing essential infrastructure or essential businesses. The novel contribution of this study is the data analysis outcome for Victoria, where a high level of restrictions were experienced, such as curfew and enforced isolation at home, relative to other countries. In 2021 and 2022 (omicron variant dominated), Victoria was again at the brink of an infection wave, which showed a similar pattern to July 2020, and endured the world’s longest COVID-19 lockdown. The research findings contribute to the body of knowledge by providing empirical data analysis of each company, representing the economic impact of ordinary small and medium enterprises (SMEs) in construction.
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Jamei, Yashar, Mehdi Seyedmahmoudian, Elmira Jamei, Ben Horan, Saad Mekhilef, and Alex Stojcevski. "Investigating the Relationship between Land Use/Land Cover Change and Land Surface Temperature Using Google Earth Engine; Case Study: Melbourne, Australia." Sustainability 14, no. 22 (November 10, 2022): 14868. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su142214868.
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The rapid alteration to land cover, combined with climate change, results in the variation of the land surface temperature (LST). This LST variation is mainly affected by the spatiotemporal changes of land cover classes, their geospatial characteristics, and spectral indices. Melbourne has been the subject of previous studies of land cover change but often over short time periods without considering the trade-offs between land use/land cover (LULC) and mean daytimes summer season LST over a more extended period. To fill this gap, this research aims to investigate the role of LULC change on mean annual daytime LST in the hot summers of 2001 and 2018 in Melbourne. To achieve the study’s aim, LULC and LST maps were generated based on the cost-effective cloud-based geospatial analysis platform Google Earth Engine (GEE). Furthermore, the geospatial and geo-statistical relationship between LULC, LST, and spectral indices of LULC, including the Normalised Difference Built-up Index (NDBI) and the Normalised Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), were identified. The findings showed that the mean daytime LST increased by 5.1 °C from 2001 to 2018. The minimum and maximum LST values were recorded for the vegetation and the built-up area classes for 2001 and 2018. Additionally, the mean daytime LST for vegetation and the built-up area classes increased by 5.5 °C and 5.9 °C from 2001 to 2018, respectively. Furthermore, both elevation and NDVI were revealed as the most influencing factors in the LULC classification process. Considering the R2 values between LULC and LST and their NDVI values in 2018, grass (0.48), forest (0.27), and shrubs (0.21) had the highest values. In addition, urban areas (0.64), bare land (0.62), and cropland (0.61) LULC types showed the highest R2 values between LST regarding their NDBI values. This study highlights why urban planners and policymakers must understand the impacts of LULC change on LST. Appropriate policy measures can be proposed based on the findings to control Melbourne’s future development.
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Jiao, Jiacheng, John Rollo, and Baibai Fu. "The Hidden Characteristics of Land-Use Mix Indices: An Overview and Validity Analysis Based on the Land Use in Melbourne, Australia." Sustainability 13, no. 4 (February 10, 2021): 1898. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13041898.
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The land-use mix index is a way to quantify the mixture of land-use patterns. Due to practical limitations, few studies have highlighted the validity of land-use mix indices. This paper aims to explore the potential characteristics of land-use mix indices using a three-step screening method. The data precision of indices was concluded after the first-step screening. A total of 10 virtual blocks and 217 blocks in Melbourne city center served as a case study and reflected the various land-use structures. The randomized controlled comparative trial was incorporated into the second- and third-screening to indicate the applicable condition and validity. The results illustrate that the value Herfindahl–Hirschman index related to the diversity of land-use types. The results also confirmed that Dissimilarity index-I was significantly associated with the balance status of the land-use mix. Entropy index reflects the evenness but did not correlate to the diversity or balance of the land-use mix. In addition, the study also provides a set of general recommendations for the application conditions of land-use mix indices.
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de Klerk, Saskia, Mohammad Reza Ghaffariyan, and Morgan Miles. "Leveraging the Entrepreneurial Method as a Tool for the Circular Economy: The Case of Wood Waste." Sustainability 14, no. 3 (January 28, 2022): 1559. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su14031559.
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New global and domestic policy and regulatory initiatives promoting a circular economy have renewed interest in the beneficial repurposing of commercial waste streams. Likewise, consumer trends and customers’ increased understanding of what they purchase, where it comes from, and what happens to it post-consumption have forced firms to consider reducing and reusing their production waste streams. The forest products industry is an exemplar of becoming more adept at reorganising and exploiting repurposed waste streams for beneficial reuse. This paper explores three case studies from the Australian forestry sector that illustrate how wood waste is being profitably repurposed as an input into other products. We use the lens of the entrepreneurial method to explore how firms recognise, strategically access, and exploit the sustainable opportunities that can range from sustainably sourced inputs to environmental-, social-, and governance-driven consumption and investments. Effectual logic allows the reconceptualisation of forestry waste streams into inputs for use in creating new commercial products and provides a theoretical framework. While the repurposing of wood waste is profitable for the forestry firm, we found that social and economic gains reach far beyond the region in which these activities occur. Innovations often stimulate other innovations, resulting in a virtuous cycle within regional Australia’s emerging circular economy.
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Chang, Allan. "Analysis on corporate governance compliance standards in New Zealand – a qualitative study on disclosures using content analysis and interviews." Journal of Financial Regulation and Compliance 26, no. 4 (November 12, 2018): 505–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jfrc-12-2017-0115.
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Purpose This paper aims to provide more insights into the standard of corporate governance in New Zealand. The study intends to uncover how a small country with a well-developed economy with a good system of law and order, good institutional set up and law enforcements and implements the principles contained in the FMA’s corporate governance guidelines in practice. Design/methodology/approach The study is a mixed study one where it employs case study content analysis and augmented by conducting interviews. Large companies are selected to ascertain the level of compliance of NZ companies towards their obligations to report on corporate governance practices within the organisation. At the first stage, the study uses content analysis and looks at contents of company annual reports and publications on websites to determine whether they had disclosed as intended by New Zealand’s corporate governance guidelines. Findings The study found that a high compliance was recorded in areas such as board composition and board committees and low compliance recorded in areas involving costly implementation or when the issue is sensitive such as disclosures regarding remuneration details of directors and what non-audit work was undertaken and whether it compromises auditor independence. Being a small country, NZ has performed well in attracting foreign investment due to its strong tradition of law enforcement and respect for regulations. With greater awareness of the importance of corporate governance to investors, companies may see the benefit of greater compliance with the corporate governance guidelines. This is in line with the stakeholder theory and resource dependency theory where companies will voluntarily disclose information on corporate governance, social and environmental performance over and above mandatory requirements to appease and manage their stakeholders. Research limitations/implications The sample size of this study represents 3 per cent of total listed companies in New Zealand, but the sample is approximately 10 per cent of local NZ listed companies (i.e. not dual listed in Australia). There are 36 large companies in the New Zealand stock market with market capitalisation of 1 billion and above. In addition, the companies selected for this study are well-known in New Zealand, and it is acknowledged that this can be a source of bias in my analysis. Practical implications As was revealed during the interviews with company’s senior officials, Australian companies have achieved a higher level of compliance with the code of corporate governance. In this regard, New Zealand will have to step up and follow Australia’s lead to ensure greater compliance with the New Zealand corporate governance principles and guidelines. It would be in the best interest of the company’s stakeholders if full compliance is achieved. Originality/value Studies on the level of compliance by New Zealand companies on their obligations to meet the full extent of disclosures as stipulated by the New Zealand corporate governance guidelines are rare. This study aims to ascertain the standard of corporate governance reporting in New Zealand and the company’s seriousness to comply or attempt to meet the requirements in the seven stipulated principles.
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Rein, Tony. "Case studies II — Australia." Computer Law & Security Review 6, no. 6 (March 1991): 33–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0267-3649(91)90180-4.
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Woinarski, J. C. Z., J. C. McCosker, G. Gordon, B. Lawrie, C. James, J. Augusteyn, L. Slater, and T. Danvers. "Monitoring change in the vertebrate fauna of central Queensland, Australia, over a period of broad-scale vegetation clearance, 1973—2002." Wildlife Research 33, no. 4 (2006): 263. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wr03110.
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This study reports change in the bird, mammal and amphibian fauna of the Emerald district, central Queensland, as detected from comparison of an inventory study undertaken in 1973–76, with a resurvey undertaken in 2001–02. Over this period, the region was subjected to unusually high rates of vegetation clearance, with the extent of native vegetation declining from 87% to 41%. In Australia, and elsewhere, there are remarkably few such long-term longitudinal studies, and particularly so for those that sample the same sites using identical procedures, and for those undertaken in a region of such dramatic environmental change. The ability to detect change from this dataset is constrained by the relatively small number of survey sites (24–45 survey sites, depending upon the taxonomic group considered). The interpretation of change is also affected by very different climatic conditions between the baseline and resurvey. Higher rainfall in the baseline survey period contributed to the most evident change, a major reduction in the number of waterbirds. However, even with waterbirds excluded, there was a significant change in the bird assemblage across the set of survey sites between the two periods. There were significant increases for a number of typically grassland birds (e.g. red-backed fairy-wren (Malurus melanocephalus), brown quail (Coturnix ypsilophora)) and significant decreases for a range of typically forest or woodland birds (e.g. grey shrike-thrush (Colluricincla harmonica), spiny-cheeked honeyeater (Acanthagenys rufogularis), striped honeyeater (Plectorhyncha lanceolata), grey fantail (Rhipidura fuliginosa)). These changes were largely maintained even when the dataset was restricted to only those sites that remained uncleared: that is, changes were evident not only across the changing landscape as a whole but there were also significant (consequential) changes at uncleared sites. Most of the native mammal species that were recorded sufficiently often to test for change showed a pattern of decline. Again, for some species (pale field-rat (Rattus tunneyi), greater glider (Petauroides volans) and eastern grey kangaroo (Macropus giganteus)), this decline occurred even within uncleared woodland sites. The most notable change in the frog fauna was the major increase in the exotic cane toad (Bufo marinus), but there were also significant declines for two native frog species. These results suggest a general trajectory of decline in distinctive woodland species, and their broad-scale replacement by more commensal species (weedy generalists favoured by human modification of the landscape).
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Lingegård, Sofia, Johanna Alkan Olsson, Anna Kadefors, and Stefan Uppenberg. "Sustainable Public Procurement in Large Infrastructure Projects—Policy Implementation for Carbon Emission Reductions." Sustainability 13, no. 20 (October 11, 2021): 11182. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su132011182.
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The infrastructure construction sector is a significant source of carbon emissions, and more stringent procurement requirements are central to meeting reduction targets in this demand-led and project-based industry. This paper aims to analyze the implementation of international policies for reducing carbon emissions in infrastructure construction, focusing on the interaction between policy ambitions and procurement practices. Based on case studies of large projects and their contexts in five countries worldwide: Australia, the Netherlands, Sweden, the UK, and the US, a cross-country comparison is performed of how policies and practices for carbon reduction develop across multiple implementation levels. Three levels are included in the analysis: policy, industry, and project level. We identify the projects as either drivers of policy goals, frontrunners in industry-level development processes, or translators of national policy. These roles, and the associated pathways for carbon emission reduction, are context-specific and depend on the policy ambitions at the national or regional level, the maturity of the supplier market, and, often, on the strategies of individual champions at the project level. Long-term learning processes, both within and between the various levels, are essential for advancing carbon reduction.
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Klakegg, Ole Jonny, Julien Pollack, and Lynn Crawford. "Preparing for Successful Collaborative Contracts." Sustainability 13, no. 1 (December 30, 2020): 289. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13010289.
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Preparing well before entering a contract is always vital, independent of the characteristics of the project and type of contract. However, as projects become larger and more complex, and value for stakeholders and society becomes the dominating perspective on success, the need for well-developed collaboration is becoming more and more critical. In this paper, we investigate how the parties should prepare for a collaborative project. The purpose is to help owners secure the success of the project for its key stakeholders. We choose to address the issues as an active risk mitigation strategy that serves as a vehicle to reduce uncertainty, avoid unnecessary risks, and utilize opportunities as a project owner. We look at the project mainly through a project owner perspective, but on key points, we contrast this with contractor perspectives. The research was performed in Australia in 2020 and includes public and private sector investment projects. The methodology is qualitative case studies and includes primarily in-depth interviews supplemented with document studies and two workshop group discussions. The paper highlights the difference between being collaborative in a contract and using a collaborative contract. The results document significant differences in preparations depending on the degree of complexity of the projects. One major difference is illustrated in the different levels of precision in terms and definitions used in communication. Complex projects require freedom of interpretation only gained by allowing wide and less precise expressions.
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Bhatti, Muhammad, Suzanie Mat Saat, Megbel Aleidan, Ghadah Al Murshidi, Mansour Alyahya, and Ariff Juhari. "Are Business Graduates’ Employability Skills and Learning/Teaching Techniques Universal? Exploring the Role of Culture: A Comparative Study among Australia, China, Pakistan, and Saudi Arabia." Sustainability 14, no. 5 (March 6, 2022): 3069. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su14053069.
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The purpose of this study is to explore the employability skills required in different countries/cultures and to further explore how cultural differences influence teaching/learning techniques required to equip students with required employability skills. Data were collected from 158 human resource managers working in different organizations and 169 faculty members who were engaged in teaching business graduates in four culturally different countries: Australia, China, Saudi Arabia, and Pakistan. SPSS version 20 was used to calculate the average and compute the values. Results of this study indicated that employability skills for business graduates vary among different counties/cultures but the five employability skills are common regardless of cultural differences: entry-level digital skills, problem-solving skills, organizational skills, decision making, and goal-oriented skills. In addition, the findings of this study also indicated that teaching/learning techniques such as case studies, conventional lectures, and simulations, etc., are not completely culture-sensitive and could be used in almost every country/culture. The findings of this study will be helpful for higher educational institutions, vocational training centers, and other stakeholders to use in determining the most effective teaching/learning techniques to equip the students with the employability skills required in their country/culture including common employability skills and make their graduates more employable.
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Chen, Yasheng, and Zhuojun Wu. "Taking Risks to Make Profit during COVID-19." Sustainability 14, no. 23 (November 26, 2022): 15750. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su142315750.
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The COVID-19 pandemic has inflicted substantial losses on a large number of enterprises and brought about the risk of unsustainable operations across the world. However, certain enterprises still managed to grow against the trend prevailing during the epidemic and succeeded in taking risks to make profits. This study discusses how global enterprises adopt a proactive risk management approach to transform crises into sustainable business performance during the period starting from the epidemic outbreak to normalization. By mainly obtaining research data from the Internet news media and official websites of the enterprises using content analysis technique, this paper chose case studies, from December 2019 to December 2021, of eight different companies, namely: BYD (China, Asia), Mafengwo (China, Asia), Xiamen Airlines (China, Asia), Zhijiang Bio (China, Asia), The Bund (United States, America), Walmart (United States, America), Qantas Airways (Australia, Oceania), and Honotel Group (France, Europe), from different industrial sectors including manufacturing, tourism, transportation, technical services, catering, retail, airlines, and accommodation, respectively. The study results show that each enterprise specifically incorporates the method of proactive risk management, to deal with a sudden crisis and take risks to make profits during the epidemic. The study findings provide a feasible way for enterprises to cope with sudden crises and enhance their ability to maintain sustainable operations.
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Barnett, Anthony, Ella Dilkes-Frayne, Michael Savic, and Adrian Carter. "When the Brain Leaves the Scanner and Enters the Clinic." Contemporary Drug Problems 45, no. 3 (May 24, 2018): 227–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0091450918774918.
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Addiction neuroscience promises to uncover the neural basis of addiction by mapping changes in the “diseased brains” of people with “drug addictions.” It hopes to offer revolutionary treatments for addiction and reduce the stigma experienced by those seeking treatment for a medical, rather than moral, condition. While the promises of addiction neuroscience have received considerable attention, relatively few studies have examined how neuroscientific discourses and promises play out in drug treatment settings. Instead of asking how neuroscience might measure or treat a preexisting addiction “problem,” we draw on poststructuralist ideas to trace how neuroscientific discourses produce addiction as a certain type of “problem” and the effects of these particular problematizations. Based on interviews with a range of different types of treatment providers working in Victoria, Australia, we discuss three themes that reveal neuroscientific discourses at work: (1) constituting pathological subjects, (2) neuroplasticity and “recovery,” and (3) the alleviation of guilt and shame via references to the “diseased brain.” On the basis of our analysis, we argue that dominant neuroscientific discourses produce patients as pathologized subjects, requiring medical treatment. We also contend that the intersection of neuroscientific and recovery discourses enacts “recovery” in terms of brain “recovery” through references to neuroplasticity. Further, when neuroscientific and moral discourses intersect, addicted subjects are absolved from the guilt associated with immoral behavior emerging from a “hijacked brain.” We conclude by emphasizing the need for future critical work to explore the complex ways in which neuroscientific discourses operate in localized care ecologies.
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Carter, Jennifer L., and Greg J. E. Hill. "Critiquing environmental management in indigenous Australia: two case studies." Area 39, no. 1 (March 2007): 43–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-4762.2007.00716.x.
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Howgrave-Graham, Alan R. "Case Studies on Environmental Sustainability in Australia: A Multi-level Review." International Journal of Environmental, Cultural, Economic, and Social Sustainability: Annual Review 7, no. 3 (2011): 91–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.18848/1832-2077/cgp/v07i03/54932.
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Anand, Divya. "Sustainable development and environmental politics: Case studies from India and Australia." Thesis Eleven 105, no. 1 (May 2011): 67–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0725513611400393.
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Black, Ann. "Development of Sharia and Legal Studies in Australia." Jurnal Hukum Islam 20, no. 1 (December 8, 2022): 22–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.28918/jhi.v20i1.6506.
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This research departs from concerns about an environmental crisis that encompasses deforestation, land-use change, habitat loss, land grabbing, water contamination, and soil degradation that we have faced. Meanwhile, the urgency of an Islamic response to fight those conditions should be more than simple actions like a religious lecture, Friday sermon, or green fatwa for around 1.9 billion Muslim communities around the world. Therefore, this study aims to critically analyze the Sharia contribution today to improve environmental protection by re-Islamization of forest and land law in modern ways, ultimately, to prevent the development and utilization of land and forest resources from continuing to fall into the vicious circle of the past. As an Islamic environmental law research, this study used a multidisciplinary approach, including historical approach, empirical approach, and conceptual approach; it also used a literature review method to synthesize research findings. This paper found that re-Islamized forests and land law could be an ongoing debate due to the differences of national and local legal characteristics that also depend on sharia position if it is an unequivocal discourse. Moreover, accommodating Sharia as an integral part of the state law shown a uniqueness and the flexibilities of Islamic doctrine and an affirmation of Muslim optimism to their faith of course a real contribution to involve in ecological right movement. On the other hand, considering the re-Islamization of forests and land law is an alternative source to enforce the ecological behaviours of the Muslim community to more pro-environment.
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Shouqiu, Cai, and Wen Lizhao. "Environmental Reviews and Case Studies: Latest Developments in Chinese Environmental Law." Environmental Practice 15, no. 3 (September 2013): 339–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1466046613000239.
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Devenin, Veronica, and Constanza Bianchi. "Characterizing a mining space: Analysis from case studies in Chile and Australia." Resources Policy 63 (October 2019): 101402. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.resourpol.2019.101402.
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Lilley, Ian. "Environmental Reviews and Case Studies: Cultural Heritage, Community Engagement, and Environmental Impact Assessment in Australia." Environmental Practice 18, no. 3 (September 2016): 205–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1466046616000302.
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Creighton, Colin, Vishnu N. Prahalad, Ian McLeod, Marcus Sheaves, Matthew D. Taylor, and Terry Walshe. "Prospects for seascape repair: Three case studies from eastern Australia." Ecological Management & Restoration 20, no. 3 (August 2, 2019): 182–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/emr.12384.
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Pini, Barbara, Su Wild River, and Fiona M. Haslam McKenzie. "Factors Inhibiting Local Government Engagement in Environmental Sustainability: case studies from rural Australia." Australian Geographer 38, no. 2 (July 2007): 161–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00049180701399985.
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