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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Environmental landscapes'
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Bond, Sara E. "Landscapes and environmental explorations." The Ohio State University, 1991. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1303486314.
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Gorski, Andrew David. "The Environmental Aesthetic Appreciation of Cultural Landscapes." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/193297.
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In recent decades the canon of environmental aesthetics has expanded beyond its primary concern of understanding what is beautiful in the fine arts to the appreciation of natural and cultural landscapes. Corresponding with society's growing interest in conservation, environmental aesthetics has emerged as relevant to many conservation discussions. The preservation and interpretation of cultural landscapes is complicated by resources that are in a constant state of change. Traditional cultural landscape preservation practices have had mixed results. A focus on interpretation rather than preservation is generally considered a strategy for improving cultural landscape practices. Applying theories developed in the field of environmental aesthetics to cultural landscapes may lead to principles helpful to their preservation and interpretation. In this study, an environmental aesthetic framework is developed and applied to the Canoa Ranch, a historic property south of Tucson, Arizona, to evaluate the potential of using environmental aesthetics in appreciation of cultural landscapes.
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Hogarth, Jan. "'Dislocated landscapes' : a sculptors response to contemporary issues within the British landscape." Thesis, University of Sunderland, 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.268041.
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Reul, Lindsay Kramer. "Designing landscapes for economy : designing regional landscape infrastructure to enable economic and environmental benefits." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/73708.
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Thesis (M.C.P.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Urban Studies and Planning, 2012.This electronic version was submitted by the student author. The certified thesis is available in the Institute Archives and Special Collections.
"June 2012." Page [86] blank. Cataloged from student submitted PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 77-82).
This thesis seeks to deploy landscape design as a regional economic development strategy. It investigates the relationship between economic activity and the built environment. Economies transition from one trend to the next at a faster pace than urban stock, meaning the landscape and infrastructure, is able to adjust. Thus, flows of ephemeral economic phases leave patterns of durable infrastructure elements that may not serve as relevant or useful purposes in the emerging economic movements. These landscapes and infrastructure elements can then become underutilized or obsolete. Instead of allowing these facets of the built environment to fall subject to abandonment, entirely rely upon subsidies, or solely become a commodity tourist attraction, this thesis seeks to redesign and repurpose old infrastructure to deliver productive services to the surrounding contemporary society. This paper asks if adaptively repurposing regional infrastructure can contribute positively to regional economics. In order to test this argument, it investigates a single case study - the Erie Canal in Upstate New York. The Erie Canal was a piece of 19th century infrastructure built in 1825 that gave substantial rise and economic prosperity to the region. However, since its initial opening, the Erie Canal has declined in relevance and today suffers from underutilization. This paper seeks to discover if redesigning and repurposing the Erie Canal can generate both economic benefits and ecologic benefits to contribute positively to the surrounding urban region. It applies a systems-based design approach to assess the current conditions of the Canal, and then identifies points of leverage, or catalyst sites, along the linear system that will most greatly engender positive benefits for the entire surrounding region. A full mapping assessment was conducted per the research principles of systems-based design. Further economic and site information was recalled through secondary source reports and interviews. From these research methods, three typologies of catalyst sites and spaces were identified along the linear canal system and five potential economic opportunities were identified in the Erie Canal Region. This thesis proposes three alternative trajectories to move forward with these physical and economic findings: conduct a primary source investigation to discover the true potential of the latent economic opportunities surrounding the canal; remove the subsidy from the Canal budget all together and deinfrastructuralize the waterway to a natural state; or amplify the natural strengths of the Canal by diversifying its utilization.
by Lindsay K. Reul.
M.C.P.
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Wacha, Kenneth Michael. "From soilscapes to landscapes: a landscape-oriented approach to simulate soil organic carbon dynamics in intensely managed landscapes (IMLS)." Diss., University of Iowa, 2016. https://ir.uiowa.edu/etd/6327.
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The primary objective of this research was to develop a landscape-oriented, process-based approach that can enhance understanding and prediction of SOC fluxes in IMLs by incorporating the key mechanisms impacting soil carbon dynamics when moving from the soilscape to the landscape. The mechanisms that are considered to be the focus of this study are redistribution of SOC due to erosion and deposition without neglecting the importance of litter incorporation into the soil column, decomposition due to microbial activity, and physical and chemical stabilization of carbon. To accomplish this objective, field experiments were performed to examine how selective entrainment of different soil size fractions, quantified through the enrichment ratio (ER), varies with management and hillslope position. Differential modes in soil mobilization between rill and interrill areas were either elevated or dampened depending on the prevalent management practice, the gradient of the site and landscape position. Sites where sediment and runoff fluxes were highest were found to have lower ER values (around unity) due to the mobilization of all size classes making static and dynamic samples almost identical.
The size fractions analyzed in these experiments were found to have varying levels of carbon associated with them, especially the larger aggregates, which encapsulate organic material. Neglecting them in transport estimates could lead to large errors in predicted fluxes of SOC. For this reason, a careful attention was placed on identifying how aggregate stability varies with respect to management and hillslope position, through controlled experiments looking size distributions to reflect tillage disturbance and aggregate stability to assess resistance to rainsplash.
Lastly, a landscape-oriented modeling framework was developed that captures not only the SOC spatial heterogeneity in IMLs but also determines the impacts that redistribution has on this heterogeneity and ultimately on SOC dynamics. The integrative modeling framework considers the collective effects of both rainsplash/rainfall- and tillage-induced erosion on SOC redistribution in IMLs through an ER-module developed and woven within this framework to connect an upland erosion model with a soil biogeochemical model. It provides not only size fraction updates to the active layer and ER values, but also explicitly considers the effects of splash-driven interrill erosion on those ER estimates.
The model was applied to twentieth-century changes in SOC across a representative agricultural hillslope in the study watershed and compared to recent SOC data. The chronosequence in SOC storage within the erosional zone revealed that soils were continually depleted of the rich organic matter long after the 1930’s “Dust bowl” due to enhanced erosion that accompanied agricultural practices. However, conservation tillage and enhanced crop production that began in the late 1980’s reversed the downward trend in SOC losses, causing nearly 26% of the lost SOC to be regained. Results from this study can be used to aid policy and decision makers in developing a food-system that accounts for the co-evolution of human and natural activity, to develop sustainable agro-ecosystems through the use of data supported recommended best management practices.
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Alexandre, Marta Martins. "Environmental drivers of mesocarnivores presence in Mediterranean landscapes." Master's thesis, Universidade de Aveiro, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10773/21470.
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Mestrado em Ecologia AplicadaTerrestrial ecosystems are highly complex and the species inhabiting them, including Humans, interact with each other influencing how each one exploits the available resources. With the growth of the human population and, consequently, of the urban areas and those devoted to produce goods for humans, the landscapes have undergone changes leading to an accelerated loss of habitat, which is considered the main cause for biodiversity decline. Due to this decline, species face challenges to their survival, shaping their ecology to adapt to new environmental conditions, and these adaptations have cascading repercussions throughout the ecosystem. Carnivores, being at high trophic levels, play an important role in the structure and proper functioning of ecosystems. The development and implementation of effective conservation plans is essential for the preservation of these species. Since they are mostly nocturnal and / or crepuscular, have high mobility and low densities, carnivores are usually monitored through the study of their signs of presence, in particular, their scats, because these are abundant and easy to find. In earlier studies, scats were exclusively identified through morphological and odoriferous criteria. However, due to the high uncertainty associated with this technique, new non-invasive sampling methods using molecular techniques began to be used, proving to be a solution for a more rigorous and accurate identification. The present study aimed: 1) to test the accuracy of mesocarnivores scats identification, from a community in the Northeastern region of Portugal, based on a conventional approach (morphological and odoriferous criteria), using as a standard for accuracy the results of molecular identification; 2) to understand, using the ecological modelling approach (GLMM), how the landscape context influences the presence of two generalist species - the red fox (Vulpes vulpes) and the stone marten (Martes foina) - in an area composed by natural areas and the practice of traditional agriculture. In total, between July and September of 2016, 291 mesocarnivores’ signs of presence (scats and footprints) were recorded. From this sampling, 63 scats were genetically analysed and the DNA of 83% of the samples was successfully amplified and sequenced. The highest success rate in species identification, based on morphological criteria, was 67%, but the success of the identification varied among species. Of the 291 recorded data and based on the observer's classification with the highest success rate, 212 signs of presence were considered to belong to the red fox and 55 to the stone marten. The generated distribution models revealed that the red fox appears to have two distinct strategies. When inhabiting an environment with a high percentage of forest, human activities have a negative effect (disturbance in habitat). Inversely, when in an environment where the forest cover is reduced, the presence of this species is positively influenced by the agricultural activity and the proximity to urban area (food availability). Stone marten’s distribution is negatively affected by anthropogenic activities (habitat alteration and disturbance), although the proximity to urban has a positive effect (allows to obtain food and avoids competition with other mesocarnivores). Our results support the need for the use of genetic identification as a tool in carnivore ecology studies, since it allows for a higher accuracy and provide more rigor to the morphological identification. We were also able to confirm the opportunistic nature and adaptability of the red fox and the stone marten. This study contributes to improve our knowledge of the dynamics and strategies of some of the most common mesocarnivores in Portugal, crucial for the application of conservation and management actions focused on those species. Furthermore, we demonstrated that, at least for the red fox, the landscape context influences the pattern of distribution. Consequently, by considering that populations of the same species are constrained by the same factors, independently of the landscape composition, will affect the efficacy of management measures put in place to assure the regional survival of a species
Os ecossistemas terrestes apresentam uma elevada complexidade e, as espécies que neles habitam, incluindo o Homem, interagem entre si influenciando a forma como cada uma explora e utiliza os recursos disponíveis. Com o crescimento da população humana e, consequentemente, das áreas urbanas e de terrenos dedicados à produção de bens para consumo humano, as paisagens têm vindo a sofrer alterações, conduzindo a uma acelerada perda de habitat, sendo esta considerada a principal causa do declínio da biodiversidade. Devido a este declínio, as espécies enfrentam desafios à sua sobrevivência, moldando a sua ecologia como forma de se adaptarem às novas condições ambientais, tendo estas adaptações repercussão em todo o ecossistema. Os carnívoros, estando em elevados níveis tróficos, desempenham um importante papel na estrutura e no bom funcionamento dos ecossistemas, sendo essencial o desenvolvimento e implementação de planos de conservação efetivos para a preservação destas espécies. Devido a serem um grupo que, na sua maioria, possui hábitos noturnos e/ ou crepusculares, apresenta elevada mobilidade e reduzidas densidades, os carnívoros são normalmente monitorizados através do estudo dos seus indícios de presença, em particular, dos dejetos, por estes serem abundantes e fáceis de encontrar. Até recentemente os dejetos eram identificados, exclusivamente, através de critérios morfológicos e odoríferos. No entanto, devido à elevada incerteza associada a esta técnica, novos métodos de amostragem não-invasiva usando técnicas moleculares começaram a ser utilizados, revelando-se uma solução eficaz e precisa para uma identificação mais rigorosa. O presente estudo teve como principais objetivos: 1) testar a precisão da identificação de dejetos de uma comunidade de mesocarnívoros na região Nordeste de Portugal, através da aplicação do método convencional (critérios morfológicos e odoríferos), utilizando como critério de precisão o resultado da identificação molecular; e 2) perceber, com recurso à modelação ecológica (GLMM), de que forma o contexto paisagístico influencia a presença de duas espécies generalistas – a raposa (Vulpes vulpes) e a fuinha (Martes foina) – numa área fortemente marcada pela presença de áreas naturais e pela prática da agricultura tradicional. No total, entre julho e setembro de 2016, foram registados 291 indícios de presença de mesocarnívoros (dejetos e pegadas). Desse conjunto, 63 dejetos foram analisados geneticamente. Destes foi amplificado e sequenciado, com sucesso, o ADN de 83% das amostras. A taxa de sucesso mais elevada na classificação das espécies, com base em critérios morfológicos, foi de 67%, sendo que o sucesso da identificação variou de espécie para espécie. Dos 291 indícios registados e, tendo por base a classificação do observador com a maior taxa de sucesso, conclui-se que 212 indícios pertenciam a raposa e 55 a fuinha. Os modelos de distribuição gerados revelaram que a raposa aparenta ter duas estratégias distintas. Quando em ambientes com elevada percentagem florestal, as atividades humanas exercem um efeito negativo (causam perturbação). Já quando a percentagem florestal é reduzida, a presença desta espécie é influenciada positivamente pela atividade agrícola e a proximidade à área urbana (disponibilidade de alimento). Em relação à fuinha, a sua distribuição é afetada negativamente por atividades de origem antropogénica (alteração e perturbação do habitat), contudo a proximidade a meios urbanos exerce um efeito positivo (permite a obtenção de alimento e evita a competição com outros mesocarnívoros). Os nossos resultados suportam a necessidade do uso da identificação genética como ferramenta em estudos de ecologia de carnívoros, pois conferem um maior grau de certeza e rigor à identificação específica. Conseguimos ainda confirmar, o caracter oportunista e a capacidade de adaptação da raposa e da fuinha a ambientes antrópicos. Este estudo contribui para um melhor conhecimento da dinâmica e estratégias de alguns dos mesocarnívoros mais comuns em Portugal, crucial para a elaboração e aplicação de ações de conservação e gestão destas espécies, uma vez que demonstrámos que, pelo menos para a raposa, o contexto paisagístico influencia o padrão de uso do espaço detetado. Este facto sugere que considerar que diferentes populações de uma espécie são condicionadas pelos mesmos fatores, independentemente do contexto paisagístico, tornará ineficientes as medidas de gestão delineadas para assegurar a sobrevivência regional das espécies-alvo.
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Prescott, Graham William. "Effects of land-use, landscape configuration, and management practice on biodiversity in tropical agricultural landscapes." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2015. https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.709023.
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Martinho, da Silva Isabel 1965. "The montado landscapes of Alentejo: Identification of threatened Mediterranean landscapes in southern Portugal." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/291578.
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Montado landscapes are agro-silvo-pastoral systems where pastures and crops occur under the canopy of trees. They are specific to the southwest of the Iberian Peninsula. In Alentejo, two types of montado with different origins, geographic distribution, and economy can be distinguished: the Holm Oak Montado and the Cork Oak Montado. Changes in Alentejo's socioeconomic situation have led to montados, until recently the most profitable land use for the poor soils of the region, being currently in danger of extinction either by abandonment or substitution. This thesis seeks to identify the structure, dynamic evolution, and possible future of montados. It demonstrates, within an historical perspective, that these landscapes can assume different forms, corresponding to varying degrees of intensity and uses. Therefore, the preservation of their productive, ecological, and cultural values necessitates redefinition of their form in relation to the evolving socioeconomic context.
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Ekblom, Anneli. "Changing landscapes : an environmental history of Chibuene, Southern Mozambique /." Uppsala : Department of Archaeology and Ancient History, Uppsala University, 2004. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-4587.
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Vadnjal, Dan. "Environmental conflict, contingent valuation and porperty rights." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1995. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.363870.
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Strömsten, Henrik. "Military and Nature : An environmental history of Swedish military landscapes." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för arkeologi och antik historia, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-302652.
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This thesis, an environmental history of a selected number of Swedish military training environments, is based on observation of military landscapes with a permanent presence of military-related objects and activities, all of which leave their traces in the environment, and how continued military activity is legitimised with environmental arguments. By also observing military policies and documents, I look into how the Swedish military frame their own training environments, and how ‘environmentalist’ discourses is adopted to justify past and present activities. The military landscapes must also be considered in a wider context of geopolitics and security; hence I also include an historical analysis of military land appropriation and defense policy in Sweden. An important contribution with this thesis, besides provide a Swedish context to studies of military landscapes, lies also in testing a historical ecological framework in analyses and methods when approaching research on military landscapes, as I consider this thesis as a pilot-project on Swedish military landscapes providing incentives for further studies. The Swedish military landscapes studied in this thesis have both a centennial and decadal presence of military activities. Some training sites such as Marma and Revinge, which are also Natura 2000 areas, have had a military presence since the 19th century, and the various military structures and buildings promote a kind of military biography, an identity tied to landscapes, reinforcing military presence. The presentation of military sites as ecological refuges for rare species and habitats is evident in the management plans for the studied landscapes. The way military space is understood, legitimised and produced from the perspectives of the military policy level is, as I will argue, centred on two core motivations. First, it is that military presence in a landscape is the product of a militarisation processes, considering a geopolitical context and defense policies. The military presence has long-term effects in form of an alteration of physical nature and development of a high biodiversity. Second, the long-term positive effects, enhances an environmentalist discourse within the military when it comes to legitimise past and present military space, and to justify a continued military presence in a landscape.Denna uppsats, en miljöhistoria av ett utvalt antal svenska militära övningsområden, är baserat på en observation av militära landskap med en permanent närvaro av militärrelaterade objekt och aktiviteter vilka lämnar sina spår i miljön, och hur fortsatt militär aktivitet legitimeras genom miljöargument. Jag analyserar militära riktlinjer och dokument, för att se på hur svensk militär förhåller sig till dess övningsområden, och hur diskurser om miljövård används för att motivera fortsatt militär aktivitet. De militära landskapen bör studeras i en större geopolitisk säkerhetskontext; därför inkluderar jag också en historisk studie av svensk försvarspolitik och militära markanskaffningar. En viktig insats med denna uppsats, förutom att bidra med en svensk kontext till militära landskapsstudier, är att testa ett historiskt-ekologiskt ramverk i analys och metod vid studier av militära landskap då jag anser att denna uppsats är ett pilot-projekt för militära landskapsstudier i Sverige och ger incitament till vidare forskning i ämnet. De svenska militära landskapen som studeras här har upp till en hundraårig närvaro av militär aktivitet. Vissa övnings- och skjutfält såsom Marma och Revingehed, vilka också är Natura 2000- områden, har haft militär aktivitet sedan slutet av 1800- talet, och de varierande militära ytorna och byggnaderna främjar en militär biografi, en identitet knuten till landskapet, vilken förstärker fortsatt militär närvaro. Presentationen av de militära fälten som ekologiska refuger av sällsynta arter och habitat är uppenbar i skötsel- och vårdplanerna av de studerade landskapen. Sättet som det militära landskapet förstås, legitimeras och produceras ur militärperspektiv i policy och dokument är, som jag kommer argumentera, koncentrerade kring två faktorer. För det första, militär närvaro i ett landskap är ett resultat av en militariseringsprocess baserat på en geopolitisk kontext och försvarsbeslut. Militär närvaro har en långsiktig effekt i form av en förändring av den fysiska naturen och utvecklingen av en biologisk mångfald. För det andra, de långsiktiga positiva effekterna underbygger en naturvårdsdiskurs inom militären när det kommer till att motivera dåtida och nuvarande militär landskapsanvändning, och för att rättfärdiga en fortsatt militär närvaro.
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Sarlöv, Herlin Ingrid. "Edge habitats in agricultural landscapes : woody species, landscape ecology and implications for planning /." Alnarp : Swedish Univ. of Agricultural Sciences (Sveriges lantbruksuniv.), 1999. http://epsilon.slu.se/avh/1999/91-576-5715-7.pdf.
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Burger, Donald Allen. "The benefits of viewing sacred versus preferred landscapes." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/691.
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Restoration landscape theories propound the observation that landscape mitigates human emotion, mental functioning, and behaviour. Those environments that positively affect these spheres are called "restorative". In recent years, many attempts have been made to quantify restorative landscapes, so that landscape architects and others can replicate them in the manipulated environment. An understanding of how certain combinations of landscape attributes affect humans is important in knowing the ramifications of certain designs.
A major finding in recent years is that preferred landscapes—or those high in scenic
beauty—are generally more restorative than less-attractive environments. One realm of the environment not dealt with, however, is the sacred landscape. One reason for this is the relative difficulty in narrowing down the term “sacred” to something measurable.
The purpose of this thesis is to investigate the nature of sacred landscapes, and then
to test sacred landscapes against preferred landscapes to measure their restorative potential. This testing involved subjecting participants to a psychological stressor, and then exposing them to slides rated highly in either sacredness or preference. A control group was also tested, but viewed a blank screen rather than images.
Implications of this research impact both researchers and practitioners in the fields
of landscape architecture, environmental psychology, public land management, and visual resource management. This study found that sacred landscapes are very restorative,
although not quite as restorative as environments that rate highly in scenic beauty. This confirms previous research efforts, and opens the study of restorative environments to other landscape typologies as well.
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Coconu, Liviu. "Enhanced visualization of landscapes and environmental data with three-dimensional sketches /." Konstanz, 2008. http://opac.nebis.ch/cgi-bin/showAbstract.pl?sys=000256259.
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Rodway-Dyer, Susan J. "Visitor behaviour and environmental degradation of sensitive landscapes in SW England." Thesis, University of Exeter, 2004. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.407301.
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Richmond, Andrew Murray. "Reading Landscapes in Medieval British Romance." The Ohio State University, 2015. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1428671857.
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Westerman, Jennifer H. "Landscapes of labor : nature, work, and environmental justice in Depression-era fiction /." abstract and full text PDF (UNR users only), 2009. http://0-gateway.proquest.com.innopac.library.unr.edu/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&res_dat=xri:pqdiss&rft_dat=xri:pqdiss:3342624.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Nevada, Reno, 2008."May, 2009." Includes bibliographical references (leaves 195-212). Library also has microfilm. Ann Arbor, Mich. : ProQuest Information and Learning Company, [2009]. 1 microfilm reel ; 35 mm. Online version available on the World Wide Web.
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Knapp, Riamsara Kuyakanon. "Environmental modernity in Bhutan : entangled landscapes, Buddhist narratives and inhabiting the land." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2015. https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.709242.
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Hutchins, Emily G. "Restoring Landscapes in the Context of Environmental Change – A Mental Models Analysis." The Ohio State University, 2015. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1431008926.
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Mellett, Claire Louise. "Drowned landscapes of the eastern English Channel : records of Quaternary environmental change." Thesis, University of Liverpool, 2012. http://livrepository.liverpool.ac.uk/8133/.
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The present-day seabed in the eastern English Channel is an erosional landscape dissected by a complicated network of palaeovalleys. The largest of these palaeovalleys has been interpreted as the product of catastrophic flooding though the Straits of Dover during the Mid Quaternary. Whilst the eastern English Channel is a valuable source of aggregates, little attention has been paid to the sedimentary record preserved on the continental shelf in terms of its ability to document landscape change throughout the Quaternary. This thesis aims to establish the first stratigraphic model of deposits preserved on the continental shelf in the eastern English Channel and chronometrically constrain the timing of deposition using Optical Stimulated Luminescence (OSL) dating. The model will be used as a framework to reconstruct landscape change and address questions regarding the preservation potential of sediments, and the imprint sedimentary processes have on the landscape, in continental shelf settings over glacial-interglacial cycles. The stratigraphic model was constructed through the integration of high resolution mutlibeam bathymetry, shallow sub-surface 2D seismic profiles, lithological information from vibrocores, and chronometric data obtained through OSL. A variety of drowned landscapes including terrestrial (fluvial and colluvial), coastal and shallow marine, were identified. These landscapes document palaeoenvironmental change on the continental shelf from MIS 6 to MIS 1. The fluvial landscape in the English Channel is dominated by multiple phases of lateral and vertical erosion, primarily in response to changes in sea level, but also as a result of reorganisation of drainage basins and variable discharges due to fluctuating ice margins. Exposure of the continental shelf during cold periods is documented in the form of remnant periglacial deposits and extensive palaeosols. The most volumetrically significant sediments preserved on the continental shelf were deposited in shallow marine and coastal settings. These sediments are typically restricted to palaeovalleys where accommodation created during relative sea-level rise enabled deposition. Elsewhere, sediments are preserved as relict coastal landforms, in particular, as part of an exceptionally rare drowned barrier complex at Hastings Bank. Over multiple sea-level cycles, sediments are recycled by fluvial and marine processes, with the most recent phase of deposition having the greatest preservation potential. Erosional processes have the greatest persistence in the landscape record. However, they create a composite record and distinguishing between different events without a correlative sediment package is problematic. The results presented in this thesis highlight the timing and nature of ‘normal’ sedimentary regimes in a continental shelf setting over multiple glacial-interglacial cycles. Further, they reveal evidence for erosion and deposition by fluvial processes in the Northern Palaeovalley during the last glacial period, thus contradicting an existing hypothesis that states the palaeovalley formed through catastrophic flooding.
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Brown, Sarah. "Imagining 'environment' in Australian suburbia : an environmental history of the suburban landscapes of Canberra and Perth, 1946-1996." University of Western Australia. School of Humanities, 2009. http://theses.library.uwa.edu.au/adt-WU2009.0094.
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Australia is a suburban nation. Today, with increasing concern regarding the sustainability of cities, an appreciation of the complexities of Australian suburbia is critical to the debate about urban futures. As a built environment and a cultural phenomenon, the Australian suburbs have inspired considerable scholarly literature. Yet to date, such scholarly work has largely overlooked the changing environmental values and visions of those shaping and residing within suburban landscapes, and the practices through which such values and visions are materialised in the processes of suburban development. Focusing on the post-war suburban landscapes of Canberra and Perth, this thesis centralises the environmental, political and economic forces that have shaped human action to construct suburban spaces, paying particular attention to the extent to which individual understandings and visions of 'environment' have determined the shape and nature of suburban development. Specifically, it examines how those operating within Australias suburbs, including planners, developers, builders, landscape designers and residents have imagined the 'environment', and how such imaginaries have shifted in response to varying spatial, temporal and ideological contexts. Tracing the shifting nature of environmental concern throughout the mid-to-late twentieth century, it argues that despite the somewhat unsustainable nature of Australia's suburban landscapes, the planning and development of such landscapes has long been influenced by and has responded to differing understandings of 'environment', which themselves are the product of changing social, political and economic concerns. In doing so, this thesis challenges a number of perceptions concerning Australian suburbs, environmental awareness and sustainability. In particular, it contests the assumption that environmental concern for Australia's suburban development emerged with the urban consolidation debates of the 1980s and 1990s, and analyses a range of environmental sensibilities not often acknowledged in current histories of Australian environmentalism. By examining, for example, how the deterministic and economic concerns of differing planning bodies, along with the aesthetic and ecological concerns of various planners, are intertwined with the housing and domestic lifestyle preferences of suburban homeowners, this history brings to the fore the often conflicting environmental ideas and practices that arise in the course of suburban development, and provides a more nuanced history of the diversity of environmental sensibilities. In sum, this thesis enhances our understandings of the changing nature of environmental concern and illuminates the complex, still largely misunderstood, environmental ideas and practices that arise in the processes of suburban development.
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Razee, Alan Dean. "Landscapes of argument : experiencing rhetoric in the environmental advocacy of the Colorado Plateau /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/8257.
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Bremond, Ariane C. de. "Regenerating conflicted landscapes : land, environmental governance, and resettlement in post-war El Salvador /." Diss., Digital Dissertations Database. Restricted to UC campuses, 2006. http://uclibs.org/PID/11984.
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Xie, Yujing, and 谢玉静. "Habitat loss and fragmentation under urbanization: the spatio-temporal dynamics of causes, processes andconsequences at landscape level." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2013. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B50662302.
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Landscape modification, especially those human-dominated changes, has been widely considered as one of the key drivers inducing the degradation of environment and ecosystem. The consequent habitat loss and fragmentation, which are closely related to ecological process, have attracted much scholarly attention. However, very few studies have systematically examined their causes and consequences at the landscape level. Integrating human activities into consideration in a holistic way remains poorly understood in particular. This thesis reports a systematic study of habitat loss and fragmentation under urbanization. This research distinguishes itself from previous works in its investigation of the spatio-temporal dynamics of causes and consequences of habitat loss and fragmentation, and its endeavor to disentangle habitat fragmentation from simple habitat loss in terms of their processes and effects.
The Shenzhen River cross-border watershed, shared by Hong Kong Special Administrative Region and Shenzhen, is used as a case to illustrate how these ideas can work in practice. The study period spans from 1988 to 2008.The main contents of the study include analysis of the processes and causes of habitat loss and fragmentation, and dynamic consequences on water quality and ecosystem services for biodiversity conservation at spatial and temporal scales. Various methods are employed, mainly including conventional and newly developed landscape metrics (such as the Urbanization Isolation Effect (UIE) and Habitat Isolation Degree (HID)), a spatial statistical approach based on the Geographically Weighted Regression (GWR) model, spatio-temporal analyses and cross-border comparison.
Major findings of the research are highlighted as follows. First, habitat loss and fragmentation show great spatial heterogeneity as well as temporal variation due to extensive and rapid urban sprawl in the study area. Second, by adopting the GWR model, it is found that human-related factors have played a significant role in determining not only the “amount” but also the “location” of habitat loss. Third, by using two new landscape metrics, namely the UIE and HID, both the extent (urban sprawl) and intensity (population density) of urbanization are suggested to have significant influences in habitat isolation. Fourth, water quality in the watershed is recognized to be closely correlated with habitat loss and fragmentation, and the correlations show major discrepancies between the Hong Kong and the Shenzhen sides. Moreover, by proposing a compound indicator (NP/MPS) for measuring habitat fragmentation (independent of simple habitat loss), it is found that habitat loss has exerted a bigger influence on water quality degradation than habitat fragmentation. Fifth, by integrating habitat connectivity into the evaluation of ecosystem services for biodiversity conservation, both the habitat size and connectivity are recognized to be important in explaining the degradation of ecosystem services value. Habitat size has played a dominant role in the overall change of ecosystem services value, whereas the role of connectivity (fragmentation) is more critical when the “stepping stones” sites are lost.
The study provides a new framework to examine the habitat loss and fragmentation under urbanization at the landscape level. The efforts show great effectiveness in providing sound and useful information for future landscape planning, biodiversity conservation and watershed management.published_or_final_version
Geography
Doctoral
Doctor of Philosophy
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Goodman, Cecil. "Landscapes of Belonging| Systematically Marginalized Students and Sense of Place and Belonging in Outdoor Experiential Education." Thesis, Prescott College, 2017. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10278854.
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This qualitative case study explores the intersection of social justice pedagogy and Outdoor Experiential Education (OEE) sense of place and belonging curriculum. The purpose of this study was to gain a comprehensive understanding of, and engage in critical analysis of how students systematically marginalized by race, ethnicity, and/or class experienced sense of place and belonging in OEE. Data was collected through in-depth interviews of OEE Students and Interns of Color, and White OEE field instructors at one program site, as well as through the critical textual analysis of program materials. Theoretical and conceptual frameworks for this study used Critical Race Theory, critical multiculturalism, the cultural construction of the Outdoors, and core concepts from OEE scholarship. Data analyses revealed existing institutional and curricular inequities in OEE for Students of Color. To address these systemic inequities, findings supported the adoption of social justice pedagogy across the field of OEE. Specific recommendations for future practice as a result of the research included the implementation of equity and inclusion trainings for field instructors, professional development programs for OEE field instructors and administrators of Color, and the development of curriculum across the field of OEE to understand the implications of the cultural construction of the Outdoors in order to better serve a racially and ethnically diverse OEE student population.
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Wozniak, Joan Alice. "Exploring landscapes on Easter Island (Rapanui) with geoarchaeological studies : settlement, subsistence, and environmental changes /." view abstract or download file of text, 2003. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/uoregon/fullcit?p3113031.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Oregon, 2003.Typescript. Includes vita and abstract. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 689-733). Also available for download via the World Wide Web; free to University of Oregon users.
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Tinch, Dugald. "Upland landscapes : what do people want, who wants it and can they have it all?" Thesis, University of Stirling, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1893/2753.
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The objective of this thesis is to investigate the preferences of individuals for the management of upland landscapes in the UK. Environmental valuation techniques are becoming an increasingly important tool in the development of environmental management policy, however, they are not without their detractors. In particular a school of thought, developed from the work of Bentham, takes issue with the behavioural foundations of the dominant welfare economic doctrine which underpins many of the valuation techniques commonly adopted. They identify that heuristic rules, experience and memory can all play a role in the development of ‘value’ for a good. This thesis aims to investigate the roles of these, along with the role of association with an environmental good, in the development of value for upland landscapes using the Peak District National Park as a case study. This objective is developed in three parts. Part I introduces the topic, identifies the background of research against which this thesis is presented and introduces the case study. This part also attempts to identify how well the complex economy – ecology interactions in this landscape are understood by stakeholders. It shows that, given the complexities of the systems, there are key omissions in stakeholder knowledge and understanding. Part II uses Discrete Choice Experiments to analyse the impact on value of experience, memory, heuristics and association. A series of experiments are applied to the same landscape characteristics in order to achieve this. The results show that value can be impacted in a number of ways with implications for the development of future valuation studies. This thesis concludes with a discussion of the policy implications, limitations and future work associated with this research.
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Pitt, Joel Peter William. "Modelling the spread of invasive species across heterogeneous landscapes." Diss., Lincoln University, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10182/912.
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Invasive species are well known to cause millions of dollars of economic as well as ecological damage around the world. New Zealand, as an island nation, is fortunate because it has the opportunity to regulate and monitor travel and trade to prevent the establishment of new species. Nevertheless foreign species continue to arrive at the borders and continue to cross them, thus requiring some form of management. The control and management of a new incursion of an invasive species would clearly benefit from predictive tools that might indicate where and how quickly the species is likely to spread after it has established. During the process of spread an invasing species must interact with a complex and heterogeneous environment and the suitability of the habitat in a region determines whether it survives. Many dispersal models ignore such interactions and while they may be interesting theoretical models, they are less useful for practical management of invasive species. The purpose of this study was to create and investigate the behaviour of a spatially explicit model that simulates insect dispersal over realistic landscapes. The spatially explicit model (Modular Dispersal in GIS, MDiG) was designed as am open-source modular framework for dispersal simulation integrated within a GIS. The model modules were designed to model an an approximation of local diffusion, long distance dispersal, growth, and chance population mortality based on the underlying suitability of a region for establishment of a viable population. The spatially explicit model has at its core a dispersal module to simulate long distance dispersal based an underlying probability distribution of dispersal events. This study illustrates how to extract the frequency of long distance dispersal events, as well as their distance, from time stamped occurrence data, to fit a Cauchy probability distribution that comprises the dispersal module. An investigation of the long distance dispersal modules behaviour showed that, in general, it generated predictions of the rate of spread consistent with those of analytical partial differential and integrodifference equations. However, there were some differences. Spread rate was found to be mainly dependent on the measurement technique used to determine the invasion front or boundary, therefore an alternative method to determine the boundary of a population for fat-tailed dispersal kernels is presented. The method is based on the point of greatest change in population density. While previously it was thought that number of foci rather than foci size was more important in stratified dispersal and that finer resolution simulations would spread more quickly, simulations in this study showed that there is an optimal resolution for higher spread rates and rate of area increase. Additionally, much research has suggested that the observed lag at the beginning of an invasion may be due to lack of suitable habitats or low probability of individuals striking the right combination of conditions in a highly heterogeneous environment. This study shows an alternative explanation may simply be fewer dispersal event sources. A case study is described that involved the application of the spatially explicit dispersal model to Argentine ant spread to recreate the invasion history of that species in New Zealand. Argentine ant is a global invasive pest which arrived in New Zealand in 1990 and has since spread to both main islands of New Zealand, primarily through human mediated dispersal. The spatially explicit simulation model and its prediction ability were compared to that of a uniform spread model based on equivalent total area covered. While the uniform spread model gave more accurate predictions of observed occurrences early in the invasion process it was less effective as the invasion progressed. The spatially explicit model predicted areas of high probability of establishment (hot spots) consistent with where populations have been found but accuracy varied between 40-70% depending on the year of the simulation and parameter selection. While the uniform spread model sometimes slightly outperformed or was equivalent to the simulation with respect to accuracy early in the invasion process, it did not show the relative risk of establishment and was less effective later in the invasion when stochastic random events generated by the simulation model were averaged to represent trends in the pattern of spread. Additionally, probabilistic predictions as generated by the spatially explicit model allow the uncertainty of prediction to be characterised and communicated. This thesis demonstrates that heterogeneous spread models can give more insight and detail than one dimensional or homogeneous spread models but that both can be useful at different stages of the invasion process. The importance of compiling appropriate data on dispersal and habitat suitability to aid invasion management has been highlighted. Additionally, a number of important hypotheses that need to be addressed to increase understanding of how species interact with the complex environment, have been identified and discussed.
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Sebotsi, Leonard. "Tsela-tsweu : Re-Stitching the rural landscape fabric." Diss., University of Pretoria, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/78582.
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Democracy, post the apartheid era promised a better life for native Black Africans in South Africa, better living conditions for all and especially those living in townships and rural areas. Fast forward into 2020, a lack of economic opportunities, under-developed areas, and continuing lack of infrastructure is still a sad reality for many people living in rural areas in South Africa. Rural parts of South Africa are thus generally poor and the majority of these areas are characterized by poor service delivery and lack of access to resources. Nevertheless, such places are rich with culture, tradition and a sense of community. The study area of this dissertation is in the rural parts of Limpopo, with special focus centred around the Moletjie tribal villages. Most of the rural areas in the Limpopo province are still under the leadership of traditional authorities and depend on livestock and subsistence farming.
The rural landscape fabric within the villages in the Moletjie area and other parts of South Africa share a similar trait of being dispersed and fragmented in nature. Due to the lack of infrastructure and resources, residents are forced to share these scarce resources. Sharing also means that residents walk long distances to places of importance on long, tedious and physically uncomfortable pathways.
Environmental issues such as erosion, overgrazing and deforestation are a concern within the study area. It is also worthwhile to mention that the author of this dissertation grew up in the study area.
This provides a unique opportunity to explore how intimate knowledge of space about a place can factor into the design of a place.
However, it should be emphasized that the dissertation does not aspire for an easy fix solution with regards to rural development issues; it rather subtly looks into how to improve rural conditions,
rurally. In other words, how can rural lives together with the rural environment be sustainably developed while preserving rural identity and heritage?Mini Dissertation (ML (Prof))--University of Pretoria, 2020.
Architecture
ML (Prof)
Unrestricted
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le, Brasseur Richard. "Transitional landscapes : examining landscape fragmentation within peri urban green spaces and its impacts upon human wellbeing." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/31257.
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Transitional land uses produced through urbanisation continue to change the landscape and fragment ecological structures including green spaces across Europe (Nilsson et al., 2013). Green spaces offer significant benefits to humans, contributing to wellbeing and life satisfaction (Taylor, 2002). The understanding of how these unique green spaces spaces function and provide benefits to humans, and how landscape change in peri-urban contexts affects their performance, is important. The scope of this research is to contribute to an understanding of landscape fragmentation within some of Europe's polycentric urban regions, their peri-urban green spaces, and the associated impacts upon human quality of life. Two urban regional case studies, Paisley near Glasgow, Scotland, and Vantaa, near Helsinki, Finland were analysed and compared. The results indicate that humans interacting with more physically or ecologically fragmented peri-urban green spaces have higher self-reported life satisfaction levels. Though no statistically significant characteristics were apparent between life satisfaction and fragmented green space characteristics, this research was able to identify those specific structural attributes and physical characteristics of interstitial peri-urban green spaces within a polycentric region in a fragmented state that contribute to the physical, social, and psychological aspects of human wellbeing. The statistically significant eco-spatial characteristics of polycentric peri-urban interstitial green spaces that are reported to impact human wellbeing are the size, proximity, maintenance and management, and the level of greenness within its vegetation composition and setting. Overall, a spatially diverse, fragmented, peri-urban landscape whose green spaces are extensively sized, naturalistically shaped with horizontal vegetation and normal sized edges, most often parks or woodlands or forests which are integrated and physically connected to another green space which is moderately clean and somewhat safe as well as being located close to or adjacent to a heavy-trafficked road provide the most human wellbeing benefits.
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Dance, Anne T. "Landscapes of perception : reclaiming the Athabasca oil sands and the Sydney tar ponds." Thesis, University of Stirling, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1893/16957.
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This interdisciplinary project offers new insights into the reclamation history of two of the most controversial and contaminated sites in Canadian history: the Sydney tar ponds and coke ovens and the Athabasca oil sands. It argues that Canada’s natural resource-dependent economy, combined with jurisdictional uncertainty, created a hesitant, fragmentary site cleanup regime, one that left room for different ideas about landscapes to shape and even distort reclamation’s goals and processes. In the absence of substantive reclamation standards and legislation, researchers struggled to accommodate the unique challenges of the oil sands during the 1960s and 1970s. Ambitious goals for reclamation faltered, and even the most successful examples of oil sands reclamation differed significantly from the pre-extraction environment; reclamation was not restoration. Planners envisioned transforming northeastern Alberta into a managed wilderness and recreation nirvana, but few of these plans were realised. The Sydney tar ponds experience suggests that truly successful reclamation cannot exist unless past injustices are fully acknowledged, reparations made, and a more complete narrative of contamination and reclamation constructed through open deliberation. Reclamation, after all, does not repair history; nor can it erase the past. Effective oil sands reclamation, then, requires a reconsideration of the site’s past and an acknowledgement of the perpetuated vulnerabilities and injustices wrought by development and reclamation.
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O'Meara, Nathaniel B. "Environmental Multiplicity in the Bahamas: Situating Traditional Ecological Knowledge and Conservation Ethics in Cultural Landscapes." Master's thesis, Northern Arizona University, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/293598.
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Based on ethnographic research conducted in the Exumas Cays, Bahamas, this thesis investigates how traditional ecological knowledge (TEK) and conservation ethics are situated in place and integrated into cultural landscapes. This is illustrated using satellite imagery and ethnographic data to describe the TEK associated with kitchen gardens, plant-collecting areas, fishing grounds, farm fields and pastures within the traditional use areas of one Exumian settlement known as The Hermitage. By situating TEK in cultural landscapes, this thesis provides a more holistic representation of the interconnectedness between community, knowledge, practice, belief, place, and landscape. This thesis also includes discussions on the theoretical importance of linking TEK with place and landscape; the formation and role of conservation ethics in preserving places or resources in a local environment; and a description of an emerging theory in cultural ecology called environmental multiplicity, which argues for the resiliency of traditional social-ecological systems as a result of creating multiple subsistence strategies and webs of interdependent social relationships to guard against social and natural perturbations.
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Farias, Juliana Felipe. "Applicability of Geoecology of Landscapes in the Environmental Planning of River Basin Palmeira-CearÃ/Brazil." Universidade Federal do CearÃ, 2015. http://www.teses.ufc.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=13874.
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FundaÃÃo Cearense de Apoio ao Desenvolvimento Cientifico e TecnolÃgicoA bacia hidrogrÃfica do rio Palmeira, està localizada nos sertÃes do Centro-Norte, no Cearà (longitude 41Â6â31â e latitude 3Â5â14â) e possui uma Ãrea de 476.87 kmÂ. A mesma apresenta uma variedade de unidades de paisagem e de atividades econÃmicas, as quais em determinados setores sÃo incompatÃveis com a capacidade de suporte dos recursos naturais. Neste contexto, considerando a Ãrea de drenagem do rio Palmeira enquanto unidade de estudo, a presente pesquisa teve como objetivo elaborar propostas de planejamento ambiental para bacia hidrogrÃfica em questÃo, tendo como base teÃrica e metodolÃgica a Geoecologia das Paisagens. Em termos metodolÃgicos, a anÃlise geoecolÃgica foi aplicada nas seguintes fases: organizaÃÃo e inventÃrio, anÃlise, diagnÃstico e propositiva. Foram elaborados mapas temÃticos na escala de 1:160.000, auxiliados por levantamentos mais detalhados em escala local de 1:50.000 sobre uso/ocupaÃÃo, por exemplo. Como principais resultados à possÃvel destacar que a bacia se encontra em um estÃgio crescente de degradaÃÃo, sendo preocupante a Ãrea estuarina em funÃÃo do estabelecimento das salinas e carcinicultura. Com base nos levantamentos biofÃsicos e socioeconÃmicos realizados, na aferiÃÃo do estado ambiental, potencial de uso e capacidade de gestÃo, as propostas de planejamento ambiental foram consolidadas em trÃs vertentes: 1) as de carÃter geral; 2) uma proposta de zoneamento ambiental e funcional; e, 3) estratÃgias de gestÃo integrada agregadas com a discussÃo de um prognÃstico para a bacia. Espera-se que as aÃÃes destacadas possam contribuir com o planejamento do uso dos recursos naturais, em especifico a Ãgua, de maneira mais compatÃvel com as potencialidades locais. Igualmente, que os principais resultados da pesquisa sirvam como modelo à aplicaÃÃo da Geoecologia das Paisagens em outras bacias, com adaptaÃÃes ao objeto investigado.
The Palmeira river basin is located in the SertÃes of the Centro-Norte, Cearà (longitude 41 6 ' 31 " and latitude 3 5 ' 14") and presents 476.87 km area. The river basin features a variety of landscape units and of economic activities, which in certain sectors are incompatible with the ability to support natural resources. In this context, considering the Palmeira river basin as a unit of study, the present research aimed to make an proposals for environmental planning for the catchment area concerned, based on the methodological and theoretical Geoecology of the landscapes. In methodological terms, the geoecological analysis was applied in the following phases: Organization and inventory, analysis, diagnosis and purposeful. Thematic maps were prepared on a scale of 1: 160,000, aided by more detailed surveys in local scale of 1: 50,000 on use/occupation, for example. The main conclusions are possible to highlight that the basin is in a growing stage of degradation, being disturbing the estuarine area in relation to the establishment of the salt production and shrimp farming. Based on the biophysical and socioeconomic surveys conducted, in gauging environmental status, potential use and management capacity, proposals for environmental planning have been consolidated into three phases: 1) the general character; 2) a proposal for environmental zoning and functional; and, 3) aggregate integrated management strategies with the discussion of a prognosis for the basin. It is expected that the outstanding actions can contribute to the planning of the use of natural resources, in particular water, compatible with local potential. Likewise, that the main search results serve as a model for the application of Geoecology of the landscapes in other basins, with adaptations to the investigated object.
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Vidal, Maria Rita. "Geoecology of landscapes: background and applicability for environmental planning in river course low Curu - Cearà - Brazil." Universidade Federal do CearÃ, 2014. http://www.teses.ufc.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=14794.
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CoordenaÃÃo de AperfeÃoamento de Pessoal de NÃvel SuperiorA tese trata da anÃlise da dinÃmica do conjunto paisagÃstico como meio para o planejamento ambiental do uso e ocupaÃÃo da APA (Ãrea de ProteÃÃo Ambiental) do EstuÃrio do Rio Curu e seu entorno, situada no litoral Oeste do Estado do CearÃ. A inexistÃncia de planejamento ambiental e o desencontro entre a APA e as formas de usos nesse espaÃo delimitado, levou a tese a fazer a proposta de redefiniÃÃo dos limites da APA para que esta possa englobar ambientes importantes para o funcionamento das paisagens. Fazendo uso das concepÃÃes teÃrico-metodolÃgicas da geoecologia das paisagens, adotou-se a proposta de Rodriguez, Silva e Cavalcanti (2004), com Ãnfase na estrutura e funcionamento das paisagens. Como resultados tem-se a existÃncia de um mosaico de paisagem, com diferenÃas e particularidades especÃficas na sua estrutura geoecolÃgica. Na determinaÃÃo do estado, degradaÃÃo e situaÃÃo geoecolÃgica da APA, o estudo mostrou que apenas 20% das unidades geoecolÃgicas agrupam-se em estado ambiental estÃvel sem degradaÃÃes e com situaÃÃo geoecolÃgica favorÃvel. O restante das paisagens que compÃem a APA apresentou estado e situaÃÃo geoecolÃgica desfavorÃvel, o qual abarca 80% das paisagens estudadas, caracterizando condiÃÃes insatisfatÃrias para o cumprimento das funÃÃes ambientais dessas paisagens. Os usos e ocupaÃÃes na APA nÃo correspondem ao potencial do solo, e nÃo se observam formas de organizaÃÃo de uso que garantam a otimizaÃÃo do aproveitamento das propriedades fundamentais, das estruturas e das potencialidades das paisagens.
The thesis deals with the analysis of the dynamics of the landscape as a means for the environmental planning to use and occupate the APA (Environmental Protection Area) in the Estuary of Curu River and its surroundings, situated on the west coast of CearÃ.The lack of environmental planning and the mismatch between the APA and ways of using this limited space led to the thesis to raise the proposal of redefinition of the APA limits so that it can encompass important environments for the functioning of landscapes. Making use of theoretical and methodological concepts of geoecology of landscapes, we have adopted the proposal of Rodriguez, Silva and Cavalcanti (2004), who emphasize on the structure and functioning of landscapes. As a result there is the existence of a landscape mosaic, with differences and specific characteristics in its geoecological structure. In determining the state, degradation and geoecological situation of the APA, the study showed that only 20% of goecological units are grouped in stable environmental state without any degradation and in favorable geoecological situation. The rest of the landscapes that make up the APA had shown unfavorable state and geoecological situation, which covers 80% of the studied landscapes, featuring unsatisfactory conditions to meet the environmental functions of those landscapes. The uses and occupations in the APA do not correspond with ground potential, and we have not observed forms of organization of using to ensure the optimization of the employment of the fundamental properties, structures and potential of landscapes.
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O'Hara, Maeve. "Mindscapes and landscapes : an ontological analysis of aesthetic relationships between visual arts and nature." Title page, contents and abstract only, 2000. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09ENV/09envo36.pdf.
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Bibliography: leaves 99-102. Identifies aesthetic knowledge as a fundamentally linked perceptual and ontological process. Aesthetic processes are identified as criteria relevant for locating and advocating ethics in 'eco-culturally sustainable development'. Cultural actions are ethical evaluations about valuing nature.
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Segura, Laura S. "Down the Garden Path| The Gardens and Natural Landscapes of Anne and Charlotte Bronte." Thesis, University of Louisiana at Lafayette, 2018. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10680834.
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Victorian culture was constantly engaging with nature and garden imagery. In this thesis, I argue that the literary gardens of Anne and Charlotte Brontë function as a trope that enables an examination of nineteenth-century social concerns; these literary gardens are a natural space that serve as a “middle ground” between the defense of traditional social conventions and the utter disregard of them. In Agnes Grey (1847), Jane Eyre (1847), and The Tenant of Wildfell Hall (1848) the female characters have significant encounters within the gardens and outdoor spaces; Agnes, Jane, and Helen venture into these environments and emerge changed—whether by experiential knowledge or from the temptation of social and moral transgression. In AG, Anne Brontë uses the image of the garden and natural landscapes, in order to explore Agnes’s education within her governessing experience. In JE, the garden functions as a space that appears to offer Jane a reprieve from the Gothic terror of the house, yet it actually extends that influence. The entire estate is a literal boundary point for Jane in her life, but it also represents the metaphorical barrier between Jane and potential social transgression—one that she must navigate because of her romance with Rochester. In Tenant, the house, the garden, and the landscape symbolize Helen’s identity, as the widowed artist Mrs. Graham, an identity that only exists during her time at Wildfell. Helen’s identity as a professional female artist living in a wild landscape accentuates Gilbert’s sexual desire towards her. Anne Brontë critiques Victorian marriage and class expectations through Helen’s final circumvention of social rules. In these novels, the scenes in the gardens and natural landscapes serve as a way for these authors to engage with the complexities of “The Woman Question” through the characterization of the governess and the artist.
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Nicholson, Charles C. "No Farm Is An Island: Pollinators And Pollination In Agricultural Landscapes." ScholarWorks @ UVM, 2018. https://scholarworks.uvm.edu/graddis/985.
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Productive, resilient and sustainable agricultural systems are required to meet the immediate needs of a burgeoning human population, while avoiding ecosystem collapse. Agriculture provides food, fiber, fuels and other products for our current population of 7 billion and is still the major livelihood for 40% of people worldwide. By replacing natural habitat and employing chemical inputs, agriculture also negatively impacts biodiversity and impairs the provision of ecosystem services. This poses a challenge for agriculture as these impacted services are often those required for high yielding and high-quality crop production. Evidence is accumulating that agricultural management can safeguard biodiversity and ecosystem services while maintaining production, but critical questions remain concerning how management actions are shaped by broader landscape pattern and how these actions influence service-providing organisms across space and time.
Through a combination of observational, experimental and modeling approaches, my dissertation examines relationships between management actions, landscape pattern and service-providing organisms using crop pollination by wild bees as a model system. First, I investigate how local management and landscape pattern interact to affect pollination services and the abundance and diversity of native bees in Vermont, USA. I then use two established models of pollinator foraging to investigate whether one popular intervention, enhancing floral resources, improves crop visitation, and whether pollinator traits and landscape pattern influence this effect. Next, I use a national data set of native bee diversity to test whether habitat enhancements increase taxonomic and functional diversity of native bee communities. Finally, I investigate whether resource continuity provided by consecutively blooming crops benefits wild bee communities. These four chapters contribute ecological knowledge of plant-animal interactions in anthropogenic landscapes. My findings also provide land managers with clear information about the effects of landscape conservation and farm management on crop pollinators.
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Willenbrink, Elizabeth. "Policy Communication and the Influence of Agricultural Communities on Karst Landscapes: A Case Study In Phong Nha-Kẻ Bàng National Park, Vietnam." TopSCHOLAR®, 2018. https://digitalcommons.wku.edu/theses/2076.
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Karst landscapes are vulnerable to human influence, especially agricultural practices. The interconnectedness between surface activities and subsurface environments make karst landscapes particularly susceptible to soil erosion and water contamination. The likelihood of these two phenomena happening increases when agricultural intensification, irrigation, or fertilizer application occurs. This situation arises frequently in Vietnam, where 18% of the country is karst terrain and 60% of the population depends on agriculture for their livelihoods (Farming First 2009). In order to mitigate the negative consequences of agriculture on karst landscapes, effective implementation of policy to regulate human activities and increased communication of these policies to appropriate communities is needed. This study occurred in Phong Nha- Kẻ Bàng National Park, Vietnam, a UNESCO World Heritage site dominated by karst landscapes, extensive agricultural communities, and minimal regulation efforts specific to karst terrains. Interviews, observation, and GPS analysis were used to analyze the effectiveness of policy communication and karst protection in PN-KB. The research revealed that karst protection policy in the region is minimally communicated and, when communicated, often delivered in an ineffective manner to the wrong individuals. Despite the known harm agriculture causes to karst landscapes, intensification, irrigation, and the use of fertilizers still occurs frequently and is often supported by government officials in PN-KB. Policy and karst landscape information is concentrated among park officials and rarely presented in an informal setting, leaving those in most frequent contact with the karst landscape—the farmers—without any information about the vulnerability of karst terrain to agricultural activities and the subsequent consequences to human health. Through analyzing the interactions between farmers and management officials in Phong Nha-Kẻ Bàng National Park, general conclusions on communicating policies to protect karst terrain in agricultural regions can be drawn. The communication of karst science and the implementation of policy to protect karst landscapes must be presented both formally to governing officials and local representatives, as well as through informal networks to general citizens. Through these means of communication, protection for karst landscapes and their inherent natural resources can successfully be implemented.
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Tsunoda, Tomoko. "Visual and emotional environmental interpretation of landscapes and nature scenes by American and Japanese elementary school children." Thesis, Manhattan, Kan. : Kansas State University, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/489.
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Santos, Jose Manuel. "Valuation and cost-benefit analysis of multi-attribute environmental changes : upland agriculture landscapes in England and Portugal." Thesis, University of Newcastle Upon Tyne, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.361563.
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Davey, Calayde A. "Productive urban landscapes: the relationship between urban agriculture and property values in Minneapolis, Minnesota." Diss., Kansas State University, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/20577.
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Doctor of PhilosophyEnvironmental Design and Planning
Huston Gibson
Lee R. Skabelund
Urban agriculture and urban food-systems are locally productive landscapes and their supporting programs and networks. Urban agriculture is now valued and actively promoted by many urban communities. Having numerous community benefits, UA is often considered to have desirable neighborhood amenities and is assumed to have effects on nearby property prices. However, very little is known about the primary or secondary economic contribution of these productive landscapes to urban environments, particularly in regards to how urban agriculture relates to property values in a neighborhood. Because urban agriculture sites are often overpowered by increasing exchange-values of surrounding properties, the original values (economic and non-economic) to the neighborhood or community may be lost as urban agricultural sites are transformed by “higher return” development schemes. Since urban agriculture can disappear or fail without effective financing and adequate policy and planning support, it is imperative to the longevity of such programs to understand how important land-use and economic variables interrelate. This study examines the spatial-temporal magnitude and economic relationship between urban agriculture parcels and property values. The study uses the hedonic method employing the Spatial-Durbin modeling approach. Findings expand the theoretical and policy discourse on how investment of public resources aids neighborhood development through low exchange-value programs such as urban agriculture. In understanding the advantages of local food systems to urban form, context-specific neighborhood strategies developed in tandem with targeted community development and comprehensive plans can improve urban revitalization and (re)development within a larger resilient city planning framework. The key findings from the study illustrate that there is great value in understanding the most appropriate design approach and features of urban agriculture for different neighborhoods and market groups. Important design considerations include scale, design aesthetic, abundance and quality of urban agriculture sites within different market groups and neighborhoods.
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Matos, Cátia. "Movement of pond-breeding amphibians in fragmented landscapes : responses of great crested newt (Triturus cristatus) to road mitigation." Thesis, University of Hull, 2017. http://hydra.hull.ac.uk/resources/hull:16552.
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With the increase of transportation system in the world, roads facilitate opportunities for human social and economic development. Roads are also the primary cause of multiple and diverse negative ecological effects. Habitat and wildlife populations are directly disturbed as roads contribute to habitat loss, habitat fragmentation and reduction of the quality of surrounding habitats. Barrier effects and traffic mortality are amongst the principal factors impacting species that need to move among important habitats to complete their life cycle leading to fragmentation, isolation and local population extinctions. Pond-breeding amphibians can be particularly impacted in this way, with mortality rates of 60-90% imposed by roads in some circumstances. Road mitigation measures, such as tunnels and associated fences, are implemented to manage this problem and restore connectivity at the landscape level in order to sustain migration and dispersal movements for amphibians and maintain metapopulation dynamics over the long-term. In the UK, the demand for the implementation of these mitigation infrastructures has increased in the past decade as urban development reached a detrimental point for the European Protected Species, Triturus cristatus, the Great Crested Newt. Road mitigation measures for newt species are notoriously difficult to implement efficiently due to the behavioural characteristics of this group and the poor understanding of how it influences road mitigation effectiveness. Their ability to climb vertical surfaces, the poor capacity for crossing large distances over land and general avoidance of small, narrow structures such as tunnels are some examples of responses that may influence how planning and design of mitigation can support and facilitate patterns of movements for the species. There is no clear understanding of how these responses and patterns influence successful crossings and dispersal in the long-term in the UK or the rest of Europe. Therefore, it is challenging to predict mitigation long term effectiveness, provide evidence-based guidance to developers despite their substantial costs and potentially crucial importance for maintaining connectivity and dispersal for this European protected species. The main aim of this study was to evaluate T. cristatus movement patterns in areas impacted by roads and at which road mitigation measures had been deployed in order to develop evidence-based improvements for the strategic planning and design of dispersal corridors for future mitigation. From a pitfall data monitoring scheme, I investigated the species’ behavioural traits at a road mitigation site to understand spatial and temporal patterns of movement. Also, I calculated regional connectivity indexes in a sub-urban area to understand the importance of spatial scale for movement when collecting species presence and absence data from local ponds. I measured short-term behavioural responses to a road mitigation system during two diferent seasons using non-invasive marking techiniques. And finally, I relate how local climatic factors affect successful crossings in tunnels and overall use of a mitigation system using standard monitoring data from previous chapter pitfall data. These results showed seasonality and yearly movements having an important role in calculating successful use of mitigation and directionality of movement. Newts’ movements were higher in the course of autumn dispersal than at other times of year, and movement between patches varied greatly among years. Fences operated as a barrier to dispersing newts, potentially preventing road mortality but also reducing dispersal. Landscape analysis showed how annual home-range position and size affects connectivity at regional level for newts when considering roads as barriers. Predicted dispersal patches increased with landscape permeability, which was associated with road type; minor roads were more permeable. Behaviour analysis towards responses in a road mitigation system showed distance of short-term movements changing significantly around the fences. These responses were independent of newts’ age. And finally, local weather patterns influenced newts’ successful crossings among years. These results showed the multi-scalar perspective of responses of T. cristatus to road mitigation systems and indicate the need to include consideration of multiple spatial and temporal scales when predicting the consequences of road construction and mitigation on T. cristatus metapopulation dynamics and hence conservation status. Identification of patterns of responses according to individual circumstance (age, sex) and climatic conditions facilitated calculation of potential landscape connectivity at distinctive spatial and temporal scales, and could inform improved advice for system design. Clear definitions of mitigation effectiveness have been repeatedly called for, but rarely offered. Here we have shown how spatial and temporal scales of newt responses need to be incorporated into these definitions, but also how variable they can be. Consequently, during and following road mitigation we recommend that newt responses should be monitored at these multiple scales to inform an adaptive approach to T. cristatus conservation when they are threatened by roads. The ultimate goal would be to include response patterns, scales and variability in a new iterative and innovative management tool that enables estimation of mitigation effectiveness for T. cristatus landscape connectivity over the short- to long-term.
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Palena, Emily I., and Caroline T. Spurgin. "Landscapes to Learnscapes: Exploring Schoolyard-based Education." Scholarship @ Claremont, 2013. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/pitzer_theses/34.
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This thesis explores schoolyard-based education as a viable and necessary method for rectifying the shortcomings within the American public school system and the Nature-deficit Disorder epidemic. We argue that schoolyard-based education should be fully integrated into the school system, not in the sole form of popularized school gardens, but as a standard teaching method. We show this using extensive research and a case study of three elementary schools in Claremont, California.
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Blanton, Paul 1968. "The distribution and impact of roads and railroads on the river landscapes of the coterminous United States." Thesis, University of Oregon, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/1794/11186.
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xvi, 150 p. : ill. (some col.), maps (some col.) A print copy of this thesis is available through the UO Libraries. Search the library catalog for the location and call number.Floodplain roads and railroads are common features in river landscapes, but their distribution and impacts have not been explicitly studied. This dissertation discusses the impacts of floodplain roads and railroads on channel and floodplain processes in river landscapes at the continental, regional, and local scales. At the continental scale, I documented the spatial patterns of roads and railroads in the floodplains of the continental United States and the regional variability of their potential impacts. Based on these results, I developed a conceptual model based on topography and the interaction of transportation and stream networks that suggests that the area of lateral disconnection caused by transportation infrastructure should be most extensive in mid-sized alluvial valleys in relatively rugged settings, such as those located in the western United States. I used pre-existing digital geologic, hydrologic, and transportation data with Geographic Information Systems software to map floodplain areas and lateral disconnection along the floodplains of two river systems in Washington State. I developed methods to quickly and inexpensively delineate potential or historic floodplain surfaces, to analyze lateral floodplain disconnection caused by different types of structure, and to rank floodplain reaches in terms of salmon habitat potential. Although all floodplains exhibited disconnection, the floodplain maps and habitat rankings helped identify opportunities for habitat preservation and restoration. At the local scale, I mapped and measured the impacts of lateral disconnection, showing that channel and riparian habitat was degraded in locations with floodplain transportation infrastructure confining the channel compared with similar nearby sites lacking such confinement. Railroad grades and road beds function as confining structures in the riparian zone, disrupting flood pulses and the exchange of water, sediment, and biota between channels and their floodplains and within the floodplain. Over longer time periods, these structures can also impede the natural meandering and migration of channels across their floodplains, disrupting the erosional and depositional processes that drive the high habitat and biological diversity characteristic of floodplains. My results show that human-caused disconnections need to be further incorporated into river science and management. This dissertation includes previously published and unpublished co-authored material.
Committee in charge: W. Andrew Marcus, Chairperson, Geography; Daniel Gavin, Member, Geography; Patricia McDowell, Member, Geography; Joshua Roering, Outside Member, Geological Sciences
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Avery, Andrew Ellis. "Simulating landscapes using geographical information systems and virtual reality : the formulation and refinement of a set of guiding principles." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.326650.
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Manyanga, Munyaradze. "Resilient Landscapes: socio-environmental dynamics in the Shashi-Limpopo Basin, southern Zimbabwe c. AD 800 to the present." Doctoral thesis, Uppsala University, Archaeology, 2006. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-7205.
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The general perception today is that the Shashi-Limpopo Basin in southern Africa is hot and dry and not conducive to human habitation. Today there is no doubt that the Shashi-Limpopo Basin has been home to many communities throughout the pre-historical period. A study of the changing ecological conditions in the Mateke Hills and the Shashi-Limpopo Valley as well as historical and present day land-usage offers an alternative explanation of how prehistoric communities could have interacted with this changing landscape. The archaeological record, historical sources and recent land-use patterns show that settlement location has always been orientated towards the rivers and circumscribed environments. The mosaic of floodplains, wetlands, drylands and circumscribed zones provided the ideal ecological setting for the development of socio-political complexity in southern Africa. The resilience of these semi arid savanna regions together with human innovation and local knowledge ensured that societies continued to derive subsistence even in the face of seasonal variability in rainfall and even climate change.
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Manyanga, Munyaradzi. "Resilient landscapes : socio-environmental dynamics in the Shashi-Limpopo Basin, southern Zimbabwe c. AD 800 to the present /." Uppsala : Department of Archaeology and Ancient History, Uppsala University, 2006. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-7205.
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Manyanga, Munyaradzi. "Resilient landscapes : socio-environmental dynamics in the Shashi-Limpopo Basin, southern Zimbabwe c. AD 800 to the present /." Uppsala : Department of Archaeology and Ancient History, Uppsala University, 2007. http://publications.uu.se/abstract.xsql?dbid=7205.
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Schaffler, Alexis. "Enhancing resilience between people and nature in urban landscapes." Thesis, Stellenbosch : University of Stellenbosch, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/6473.
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Thesis (MPhil)--University of Stellenbosch, 2011.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The particular global context that is fundamentally altering the world is one in which the combined resource requirements of cities are unprecedented. This thesis communicates the thoughts, ideas and research observations on contemporary urbanisation dynamics through a synthesis of various perspectives. This conceptual fusion, as an attempt to provide a holistic overview of contemporary urban dynamics, forms the basis for developing a framework from which the multiple dimensions of cities can be addressed. This theoretical framework, which includes empirical analyses on the state of cities, is then applied to Johannesburg as a case study for deepening the understanding of urban dynamics and to assess implementation of the theoretical framework in reality. Despite being guided by the general aims of investigating current urban growth trends and the conceptual frameworks with which urban systems could be better understood, the complexity of the task at hand defied a static and linear research process. The ideas that emerged through the research journey, as opposed to a process, were synthesised using a literature review from which the framework of managing complex social-ecological systems was developed. Central to this framework is the metaphor of resilience, which through the idea of systemic adaptability, prioritises the need for both social and ecological opportunity to be enhanced. This is critical in the face of cross-cutting global challenges and in terms of cities as archetypical complex social-ecological systems. In reviewing literature on contemporary urbanisation dynamics, it was found that the socio-economic, spatial and ecological tensions characterising developing country cities, require strategies to enhance urban resilience rooted in local social and ecological capabilities that differ from developed nations’ contexts. These practical concerns were the catalyst for suggesting green infrastructure as a framework in which the joint social and ecological values of green assets are valued equally. This in line with the logic of enhancing a system’s overall systemic adaptability. The theoretical frameworks included in the literature review, therefore, emerged through the weaving back and forth of thoughts, debates and practical concerns about creating resilience between people and nature in the urban landscapes of developing countries The methodological implications of a green infrastructure framework resulted in the need to determine the total economic value of ecosystem services, as the benefits that society accrues through ecosystem functioning. Valuing both the social and ecological benefits of such ecosystem derivatives, not only relates to the concept of mutual resilience building, but makes the economic case for investment in natural assets. Through experience with this methodology, it emerged that valuation exercises of ecosystem services require primary research that connects physical data on ecosystem functioning to tangible economic values. In the chosen case study, however, this original research is yet to take place and methodologies for valuing Johannesburg’s green assets had to unfold based on data availability. The development of a methodology within a methodology is a major feature of this paper, which is guided by the logic that for overall systemic resilience to be sustained, investment in natural assets needs to explicitly account for the total economic values of ecosystem services. The conclusions suggest that Johannesburg is nevertheless in a unique position to capitalise on the concept of green infrastructure, from which social and ecological opportunity can be mutually enhanced. In a paradoxical way, the city’s tree-planting boom that resulted in the construction of the world’s largest urban forest in natural savannah grassland, has created inventories of ecological and social resilience that represent the multifunctional value of green assets, if valued explicitly. Recognition of these values shows that ecological assets extend beyond publicly delineated open space and that Johannesburg’s culture of greening is potentially playing a significant role in sustaining the resilience between its people and nature. However, until the detailed base research is conducted on the connections between Johannesburg’s green assets and their associated social and ecological dividends, these assets remain potential inventories of resilience whose values are yet to be fully determined. The recommendations of this thesis are therefore largely to strengthen the research and data bases on Johannesburg’s green assets. Original research is needed so that precise valuation exercises of Johannesburg’s ecosystem services can take place. This research is also the foundation from which a more robust and empirically sound case can be made for motivating investment in Johannesburg’s strategically unique green infrastructure, in the context of social-ecological challenges and the global movement towards green economies, jobs and cities.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die spesifieke globale konteks wat die wêreld ten diepste verander, is ’n konteks waarin die gekombineerde behoeftes van stede ongekend is. Deur ’n samevatting van verskeie perspektiewe bied hierdie tesis gedagtes, idees en navorsingswaarnemings oor die hedendaagse stadsdinamika. Hierdie samevoeging van konsepte, as ’n poging om ’n holistiese oorsig van hedendaagse stadsdinamika te bied, vorm die grondslag vir die ontwikkeling van ’n raamwerk van waaruit die veelvuldige dimensies van stede benader kan word. Hierdie teoretiese raamwerk, wat empiriese analises van die stand van stede insluit, word dan toegepas op Johannesburg as ’n gevallestudie om die stadsdinamika beter te verstaan en die gebruik van die teoretiese raamwerk in die praktyk te evalueer. Die gedagtes wat uit die navorsing voortgespruit het, word saamgevat deur ’n oorsig te gee van literatuur waaruit die raamwerk vir die bestuur van komplekse sosio-ekologiese sisteme ontwikkel is. Die kern van hierdie raamwerk is die metafoor van weerstandsvermoë (“resilience”) wat, deur die gebruik van die konsep sistemiese aanpasbaarheid, die behoefte aan sowel meer sosiale as ekologiese geleenthede as die belangrikste prioriteite identifiseer. Dit is deurslaggewend in die lig van deursnee- globale uitdagings en in terme van stede as argetipiese komplekse sosio-ekologiese sisteme. In die oorsig van literatuur oor die hedendaagse stadsdinamika is daar gevind dat die sosio-ekonomiese, ruimtelike en ekologiese spanning wat stede in ontwikkelende lande kenmerk, strategieë vereis wat stadsweerstand, wat uit plaaslike sosiale en ekologiese vermoëns spruit, sal verhoog. Hierdie praktiese kwessies was die katalisator om ’n groen infrastruktuur voor te stel as die raamwerk waarbinne die gesamentlike sosiale en ekologiese waardes van groen bates ewe veel waarde dra, wat in pas is met die logiese gedagte om ’n sisteem se algehele sistemiese aanpasbaarheid te verhoog. Die teoretiese raamwerk wat ingesluit is in die literatuur wat bestudeer is, het dus na vore gekom deur die uitruil van gedagtes, debatte en praktiese benaderings tot hoe weerstandigheid geskep kan word tussen mens en natuur in die stedelike landskappe van ontwikkelende lande. Die metodologiese implikasies van ’n groen infrastruktuur-raamwerk het dit noodsaaklik gemaak om die totale ekonomiese waarde van ekosisteemdienste, as die voordele wat die samelewing deur ekosisteme ontvang, te bepaal. Die belangrikste navorsing om letterlike inligting oor Johannesburg se ekosisteemdienste aan tasbare ekonomiese waardes te verbind, moet egter nog gedoen word, en metodologieë om die stad se groen bates te evalueer moet ontwikkel word afhangende van die beskikbaarheid van inligting. Die ontwikkeling van ’n metodologie binne ’n metodologie is ’n belangrike kenmerk van hierdie tesis, wat gelei word deur die logiese gedagte dat belegging in natuurlike bates baie duidelik die totale ekonomiese waarde van ekosisteemdienste moet bepaal as algehele sistemiese weerstandsvermoë gehandhaaf wil word. Die gevolgtrekkings dui daarop dat Johannesburg nietemin in ’n unieke posisie is om finansiële voordeel uit die konsep van ’n groen infrastruktuur te trek. Op ’n teenstrydige manier het die stad se grootskaalse poging om bome aan te plant, wat gelei het tot die wêreld se grootste stedelike woud in ’n natuurlike grasvlakte, inligting gebied oor ekologiese en sosiale weerstandigheid, en dit verteenwoordig die multifunksionele waarde van groen bates as daar uitdruklik waarde daaraan geheg word. ’n Erkenning van hierdie waarde wys dat ekologiese bates verder strek as ’n openbare afgebakende oop ruimte en dat Johannesburg se groen kultuur moontlik ’n deurslaggewende rol speel om die weerstandsvermoë tussen sy mense en die natuur volhoubaar te maak. Voordat noukeurige grondnavorsing oor die verband tussen Johannesburg se groen bates en hulle gepaardgaande sosiale en ekologiese voordele egter nie uitgevoer is nie, bly hierdie bates potensiële beskrywings van weerstandsvermoë waarvan die waarde nog nie ten volle bepaal is nie. Die aanbevelings van hierdie tesis is daarom hoofsaaklik dat navorsing voortgesit word, en dat die kennisgrondslag van Johannesburg se groen bates verbreed word sodat ’n presiese evaluering van ekosisteemdienste gedoen kan word as die grondslag van sterker en empiries gestaafde redes om in die stad se groen infrastruktuur te belê.
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Farias, Juliana Felipe. "Zoning geoecolÃgico as subsidy to the environmental planning on scope municipal." Universidade Federal do CearÃ, 2012. http://www.teses.ufc.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=8277.
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FundaÃÃo Cearense de Apoio ao Desenvolvimento Cientifico e TecnolÃgicoO atual quadro de exploraÃÃes desordenadas e esgotamento dos recursos naturais comprometem diretamente a dinÃmica dos sistemas ambientais, refletindo-se de maneira diversificada em todo territÃrio nacional. Em regiÃes com caracterÃsticas climÃticas mais rigorosas, como no caso do semiÃrido cearense, o uso e ocupaÃÃo desordenados vÃm ocasionando problemas diversos que comprometem a dinÃmica dos sistemas ambientais e a qualidade de vida da populaÃÃo. Partindo da necessidade de elaborar propostas de planejamento e gestÃo ambiental de municÃpios inseridos no semiÃrido, o presente trabalho foi realizado no municÃpio de Nova Russas, situado na porÃÃo centro-oeste do estado do CearÃ, na latitude 4Â42â24â S e longitude 40Â33â47â W, com Ãrea de 742,69 kmÂ, distante da cidade de Fortaleza cerca de 300 km. O municÃpio possui uma sÃrie de problemas como: poluiÃÃo, contaminaÃÃo e ocupaÃÃo desordenada das planÃcies fluviais, utilizaÃÃo de tÃcnicas de manejo do solo inadequadas, dentre outros. A pesquisa foi efetivada no municÃpio a partir do levantamento detalhado das caracterÃsticas naturais, socioeconÃmicas e culturais, embasada nos procedimentos teÃricos e metodolÃgicos da Geoecologia das Paisagens. A visÃo sistÃmica e integrada viabilizou a elaboraÃÃo de mapas temÃticos na escala de 1:170.000 e de uma proposta de zoneamento geoecolÃgico e funcional. Para o municÃpio de Nova Russas, a pesquisa surge como um importante documento contÃm um levantamento histÃrico, socioeconÃmico e ambiental, e apresenta os principais problemas ambientais que comprometem a disponibilidade dos recursos naturais e se refletem na economia local. Sendo assim, a efetivaÃÃo da pesquisa buscou estabelecer diretrizes que conduzam o municÃpio a uma sustentabilidade geoecolÃgica a partir de um processo de ocupaÃÃo do espaÃo ambientalmente equilibrado.
The current picture of disordered holdings and depletion of natural resources directly compromising the dynamics of environmental systems, reflecting themselves on a diverse nationwide. In regions with more stringent climate haracteristics, such as the semi-arid region of CearÃ, with a prolonged dry season and a rainy concentrated in a short period of the year, coupled with geological and geomorphological factors that influence the availability of the region's natural resources, exploitation, the use and occupation are disordered causing various problems that compromise the dynamics of environmental systems and quality of life. These factors together with local economic development policies that, in most cases, are not compatible with the social and environmental reality of the area, continue to delay the development of certain areas because it does not consider the potential economic and environmental available in your territory. Starting from the need to prepare proposals for environmental planning and management of municipalities in semi-arid, the present study was designed to provide subsidies related to the actual economic and environmental study area chosen, the city of Nova Russa s, located in the portion midwestern state of CearÃ, in latitude 4 Â 42'24 "S and longitude 40 Â 33'47" W, with an area of 742.69 km Â, with average heights of 240 m, and from the city of Fortaleza about 300 km. Nova Russas presents a picture of evolution in terms of population, advancing one that comes with public policies for socio-economic sectors, cultural and environmental factors, the latter being the most affected in the process of urban expansion. The city has a number of environmental problems such: pollution, sprawl and pollution of the river plains, using techniques inadequate soil management, which accelerate erosion and cause loss of soil fertility, among others. With this framework, the research was accomplished in the city from the detailed survey of the natural characteristics, socioeconomic and cultural, based on theoretical and methodological procedures of Geoecology of Landscapes. A systemic and integrated vision of Geoecology allowed the elaboration of thematic maps in scale 1:170.000 and a zoning proposal geoecolÃgico functional and appropriate to the potential and limitations of the area, and you can also prepare an action plan and measures for integrated. In general, it is believed that the work presents itself as an important contribution to the municipal level, which can be used as a model to support the elaboration of proposals for environmental planning from the realization of zoning. For the city of Nova Russas, research emerges as an important document and contains a historical survey, socioeconomic and environmental issues, presents the main environmental problems that compromise the availability of natural resources and are reflected in the local economy. Thus, the effectiveness of the research sought to establish guidelines that will lead the council sustainability geoecolÃgica from a process of occupation of space environmentally balanced.