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Spilak, Andrej. "Environmental issues." Thesis, Видавництво СумДУ, 2005. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/13587.
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Гуменний, Микола Вікторович, Николай Викторович Гуменный, and Mykola Viktorovych Humennyi. "Environmental issues and NGO's." Thesis, Видавництво СумДУ, 2007. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/8275.
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Problems such as air quality and water pollution, global warming, nuclear waste, and energy resources are experienced globally, and as a result, individuals and organizations have coalesced around environmental issues worldwide. The term often used to describe the elements of these movements is nongovernmental organizations (NGOs). This differentiates the activism of grassroots organizations from the official policymaking conducted by governments and their leaders.
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Lindahl, Mattias, Erik Sundin, and Johan Östlin. "Environmental issues with the remanufacturing industry." Linköpings universitet, Institutionen för konstruktions- och produktionsteknik, 2006. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-35502.
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Researchers often regard remanufacturing as an environmentally beneficial end-of-life option. There have been, however, few environmental measurements performed in the area. The aim of this paper is to identify general environmental pros and cons with remanufacturing. This is done through the analysis of practical examples in remanufacturing industries. Life Cycle Assessment methodology has been used for the environmental validations. The first conclusion, based on the industrial cases and the literature review, is that remanufacturing is preferable from a material resource perspective when compared with manufacturing of new products. The second conclusion is that remanufacturing is preferable from a more overarching perspective for some of the investigated cases, but it is not possible to draw any general conclusions since the companies studied are few and benefits from remanufacturing are highly context-related.
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Шишова, Юлія Григорівна, Юлия Григорьевна Шишова, Yuliia Hryhorivna Shyshova, Надія Миколаївна Костюченко, Надежда Николаевна Костюченко, and Nadiia Mykolaivna Kostiuchenko. "Economic and environmental issues of globalization." Thesis, Видавництво СумДУ, 2006. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/8498.
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Hallock, Stephanie A. "Why states cooperate : international environmental issues /." Thesis, This resource online, 1993. http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-12172008-063637/.
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Kutlaca, Alex. "Environmental issues associated with landfill-generated methane /." Title page, table of contents and abstract only, 1992. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09ENV/09envk97.pdf.
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Wolfe, Philip J. (Philip James). "Aviation environmental policy and issues of timescale." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/101493.
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Thesis: Ph. D., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 2015.Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 203-219).
Every operational, technological, and policy decision affecting aviation represents a potential tradeoff among economic efficiency and impacts to climate, air quality, and community noise. Furthermore, effects in these domains occur over different temporal and spatial scales and with different aleatoric and epistemic uncertainty. Thus, robust, fast, and flexible tools that value these impacts on a common scale such as monetized changes in net welfare are needed along with methodologically sound and appropriate analysis frameworks to inform decisionmaking. The objectives of this thesis are threefold: 1) to advance the modeling tools used to calculate and value aviation's impact on the environment; 2) to analyze realworld aviation environmental policies and advance policy decision-making support; and 3) to explore the underlying issues of timescales in policy modeling, to develop and make explicit the treatment of these timescales, and thereby to improve policy support best-practices. In support of the first objective, a model is presented for calculating the health impacts of aviation noise, particularly hypertension, myocardial infarction, and stroke to complement current modeling approaches of the willingness-to-pay for noise abatement. Also, advances are made to an existing simplified climate model for aviation by improving the representation of uncertainty, updating modeling components for both long- and short-lived forcing agents, and developing a module to consistently model the life-cycle impacts of alternative fuels. Finally, a method for modeling the social costs of aviation lead emissions is developed. In support of the second thesis objective, three policy case studies are presented: aircraft noise certification, residential soundproofing and land acquisition, and general aviation lead emissions. The costs and benefits of different policies are evaluated for each case. Results are calculated with explicit accounting for scientific, modeling, and economic uncertainty and are presented considering a range of policy-maker preferences for near- or long-term benefits. The thesis finds that aircraft certification stringency increases up to -5 dB from prior noise limits are cost-beneficial for all discount rates and for the entire range of scientific and economic assumptions and that a -7 dB stringency is cost beneficial when environmental costs are high or are discounted at a lower rate than market costs. The benefits of these policies are less than $5 billion USD over the lifetime of the policy. Further, this thesis finds that noise impacts on health cause an additional 40%-60% of welfare damages compared to considering annoyance costs alone. Noise insulation projects for homes in the vicinity of an airport are found to be on average cost beneficial only when aircraft related noise levels are above 75dB Day-Night Level, and that residential land acquisition projects are not cost-beneficial when considering environmental benefits alone. Finally, the work estimates the average environmental cost of leaded fuel emissions from general aviation at $1.06 billion USD per annum, with the environmental costs of aviation lead being sensitive to background atmospheric lead concentrations. To support the third thesis objective, a framework is introduced for explicitly considering appropriate timescales in environmental policy analysis. This thesis identifies a modeling framework consisting of three timescales: the policy influence period, the environmental lifetime, and valuation timescale. Focusing on the policy influence period, this framework is tested using the noise stringency certification policy as a test case. Failure to account for the full policy lifetime leads to an undercounting of environmental benefits. Furthermore, not considering the full timescale of policy costs or the impact of exogenous technological improvement on cost projections can impact the apparent appropriateness of a potential policy. In the case of noise stringency certification, a -7 EPNdB stringency increase appears to have net costs when a static policy time period from 2006 to 2036 is considered, but is cost beneficial over a more appropriate timescale that covers the full costs and benefits of the policy.
by Philip J. Wolfe.
Ph. D.
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Hales, Essence. "Three Essays on Environmental Issues in Brazil." The Ohio State University, 2015. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1447757351.
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Bamzar, Roya. "Ensuring elderly mobility : environmental and safety issues." Doctoral thesis, KTH, Urbana och regionala studier, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-207794.
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The aim of this thesis is to provide a better understanding of the issues of safe mobility for the elderly population in Sweden. This is achieved first by assessing the geography and patterns of elderly falls at the county level and then by conducting a detailed survey with residents in senior housing to investigate the relationship between indoor and/or outdoor environmental characteristics and elderly safety. Safety is regarded as a multidimensional concept that involves risk of falls, crime victimization and elderly people’s perception of their overall safety. Using a case study approach, the study also assesses the types of outdoor places where most crimes against the elderly take place and the types of places most feared by them. The study adapts a set of qualitative and quantitative methods to capture the nature of the phenomena; trends, patterns and frameworks that support the analysis and implications of the results for both research and practice. The findings show that elderly falls in Sweden vary geographically and exhibit gender, age, environmental, and socio-economic differences. The mobility of the older population is influenced by their perceived safety in indoor and outdoor environments. Certain features of apartment layout and furniture arrangement are identified as potential causes of falls. Older adults’ perception of safety exhibits a distance-decay effect from their senior housing building. Distance decay indicates that safety is deemed highest closest to their homes and decreases as the distance increases. There are indications that older adults take longer routes and increase their mobility because they are fearful at certain spots in their neighbourhood. The thesis concludes with a discussion of the results and implications for both research and policy making at the local and county levels. QC 20170602
My doctoral project was funded byLars Erik LundbergScholarship Foundation.
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Ghidoni, Riccardo <1986>. "Experiments on Pro-Sociality and Environmental Issues." Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2015. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/6948/1/tesi.pdf.
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The thesis comprises three essays that use experimental methods, one about other-regarding motivations in economic behavior and the others on pro-social behavior in two environmental economics problems.
The first chapter studies how the expectations of the others and the concern to maintain a balance between effort exerted and rewards obtained interact in shaping the behavior in a modified dictator game. We find that dictators condition their choices on recipients' expectations only when there is a high probability that the the recipient will not be compensated for her effort. Otherwise, dictators tend to balance the efforts and rewards of the recipients, irrespective of the recipients' expectations.
In the second chapter, I investigate the problem of local opposition to large public projects (e.g. landfills, incinerators, etc.). In particular, the experiment shows how the uncertainty about the project's quality makes the community living in the host site skeptical about the project. I also test whether side-transfers and costly information disclosure can help to increase the efficiency. Both tools succesfully make the host more willing to accept the project, but they lead to the realization of different types of projects.
The last chapter is an experiment on climate negotiations. To avoid the global warming, countries are called to cooperate in the abatement of their emissions. We study whether the dynamic aspect of the climate change makes cooperation across countries behaviorally more difficult. We also consider inequality across countries as a possible factor that hinders international cooperation.
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Ghidoni, Riccardo <1986>. "Experiments on Pro-Sociality and Environmental Issues." Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2015. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/6948/.
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The thesis comprises three essays that use experimental methods, one about other-regarding motivations in economic behavior and the others on pro-social behavior in two environmental economics problems.
The first chapter studies how the expectations of the others and the concern to maintain a balance between effort exerted and rewards obtained interact in shaping the behavior in a modified dictator game. We find that dictators condition their choices on recipients' expectations only when there is a high probability that the the recipient will not be compensated for her effort. Otherwise, dictators tend to balance the efforts and rewards of the recipients, irrespective of the recipients' expectations.
In the second chapter, I investigate the problem of local opposition to large public projects (e.g. landfills, incinerators, etc.). In particular, the experiment shows how the uncertainty about the project's quality makes the community living in the host site skeptical about the project. I also test whether side-transfers and costly information disclosure can help to increase the efficiency. Both tools succesfully make the host more willing to accept the project, but they lead to the realization of different types of projects.
The last chapter is an experiment on climate negotiations. To avoid the global warming, countries are called to cooperate in the abatement of their emissions. We study whether the dynamic aspect of the climate change makes cooperation across countries behaviorally more difficult. We also consider inequality across countries as a possible factor that hinders international cooperation.
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Rupe, Blake R. "Domestic and international environmental policy in Mexico : compounding issues for the marine environment." Thesis, The University of Iowa, 2014. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=1560693.
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Mexico is home to almost 2.9 million square kilometers of land and water surface area that is affected by water pollution and environmental degradation. While geographically more prevalent to pollution threats as well as one of the most biodiverse countries in the world, it is important to coordinate the management and regulation of coastal zones effectively to safeguard these ecosystem from degradation. However, because of the UN Convention on the Law of the Sea, nations view the problem of living resources and their management as a national priority instead of an international cooperation initiative. Mexico's fragmented, overlapping, and sometimes corrupt domestic institutions for environmental policy yield ineffective and inadequate pollution control, a result of which is a high level of marine debris presence on the coasts, as evidenced by a recent study in Veracruz, Veracruz. This marine debris, the most abundant of which is composed of plastics, is detrimental to marine life, leading to death, starvation, debilitation, reduced quality of life and lowered reproductive performance. While several avenues are being explored to mitigate marine debris in the environment, such as decreasing knowledge gaps, increasing pollution prevention measures, and education, degradation issues have compounded globally, revealing a clear picture of inadequate international regulation and convention. A stricter Mexican national regulatory system that incorporates private and public waste management organizations to incentivize and facilitate waste cleanup is needed to improve the health of the global ocean.
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Andreoni, Valeria <1981>. "Economy and environment: Issues on transport externalities, CO2 responsibility and environmental Kuznets curve." Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2010. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/2351/1/Andreoni_Valeria_Tesi.pdf.
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In this thesis some of the most important issues presently debated on international sustainability are analysed. The thesis is composed of five independent studies that tackle organically the following issues: the maritime transport externalities, the environmental Kuznets curve, the responsibilities in the carbon dioxide emissions and the integrated approach that have to be used to translate the principles of sustainability into policy. The analysis will be instrumental to demonstrating that sustainability, being a matter of economy, society and environment, requires to be analysed in a transdisciplinary perspective. Using an integrated approach to analyse the relationships between economy and environment, this thesis highlight that sustainability management requires joint economic instruments, integrated analysis, societal behavioural changes as well as responsibilities shifting.
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Andreoni, Valeria <1981>. "Economy and environment: Issues on transport externalities, CO2 responsibility and environmental Kuznets curve." Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2010. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/2351/.
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In this thesis some of the most important issues presently debated on international sustainability are analysed. The thesis is composed of five independent studies that tackle organically the following issues: the maritime transport externalities, the environmental Kuznets curve, the responsibilities in the carbon dioxide emissions and the integrated approach that have to be used to translate the principles of sustainability into policy. The analysis will be instrumental to demonstrating that sustainability, being a matter of economy, society and environment, requires to be analysed in a transdisciplinary perspective. Using an integrated approach to analyse the relationships between economy and environment, this thesis highlight that sustainability management requires joint economic instruments, integrated analysis, societal behavioural changes as well as responsibilities shifting.
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Raymond, Mark. "Three essays on regulatory issues in environmental economics." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2001. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp04/NQ58310.pdf.
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Fergusson, Hugh. "The strategic management of environmental issues in construction." Thesis, University of Strathclyde, 2005. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.424240.
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Мельник, Леонід Григорович, Леонид Григорьевич Мельник, and Leonid Hryhorovych Melnyk. "The dualism of economic systems and environmental issues." Thesis, Видавництво СумДУ, 2012. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/26646.
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Deniz, Deniz Seçkin Yavuz. "Sustainability And Environmental Issues In Industrial Product Design/." [s.l.]: [s.n.], 2002. http://library.iyte.edu.tr/tezler/master/endustriurunleritasarimi/T000136.pdf.
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Kuo, Lih-Yuh Chiou. "Students' values, attitudes and behaviours towards environmental issues." Thesis, Kuo, Lih-Yuh Chiou (1994) Students' values, attitudes and behaviours towards environmental issues. Masters by Research thesis, Murdoch University, 1994. https://researchrepository.murdoch.edu.au/id/eprint/51160/.
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This study investigated primary, secondary and tertiary students' attitudes towards environmental issues, their involvement in environmental activities, and the environmental values which underlie their concerns about caring for the environment It explored developmental changes in environmental attitudes, behavioural involvement and values as students pass through childhood and adolescence into early adulthood. The study also examined relationships among values, attitudes and behavioural actions, and aimed to determine whether values are better predictors of behavioural actions than are attitudes in the area of environmental conservation.
A Rasch psychometric model of modem test theory for Likert-style questionnaires was applied to examine and improve the internal consistency and validity of three measuring scales, namely, an environmental attitude scale (EAS), an environmental behaviour scale (EBS) and an environmental value scale (EVS), all three of which were constructed for this investigation.
After a preliminary and a pilot study using cross-sectional designs, final results from three groups of subjects totalling 423 students (148 primary school year 7 students, 151 high school year 10 students and 124 university first year students) who completed the 30-item EAS, the 15-item EBS and the 10-item EVS, showed that the items from the EAS and the EBS conformed satisfactorily with the Rasch model, and although the EVS was satisfactory for the purpose of the thesis, it requires further refinement.
This study did not provide evidence to support the theoretical argument that values, rather than attitudes, are better predictors of environmental behaviour; however, it demonstrated that values remained consistent across six different environmental issues and across the three age groups, which provides some support for Rokeach's postulation that values transcend situations and underlie people's attitudes and behaviour towards specific objects and situations.
Results from formal statistical analyses indicated that: (a) there was a developmental shift towards more positive environmental attitudes from primary school aged students through high school students to university students; however, further analysis revealed that the positive shift towards pro-environmental attitudes with increasing education levels was evident among female subjects only; (b) with respect to environmental behavioural involvement, primary school students participated more actively in environmental activities than high school and university students; this reversed trend was evident particularly with primary school male students; (c) responses to the EVS remained constant across the three age levels; (d) female students in all three age groups were significantly more pro-environment than male students on all three scales; (e) more primary school students (particularly male students) chose economic benefit as their main reason for participation in pro-environmental activities than did the other two groups of subjects; (f) primary school students thought they obtained their information about the environment mainly from school education while high school and university students received their information mainly from the mass media.
Implications arising from this study suggest that: (a) a longitudinal panel study following a cohort of students from pre-adolescence through adolescence or even through early adulthood should be carried out in order to better understand any changing relationships among environmental attitudes, behaviours and values; (b) subjects from different socio-economic backgrounds and geographical areas should be examined to establish the generalizability of the findings from this study; (c) further exploration of the possible contribution of an environmental values education to changes in attitudes and behaviours with respect to the environment is required; (d) an investigation into the use of media as a means of developing positive environmental attitudes and values should be carried out; and (e) financial incentives seem to play a significant role in the decision of young people to get involved in environmental activities and this may need to be taken into account if a context to facilitate active participation is desired.
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Papaleo, Maria Carmela. "Issues in Environmental Economics: Sustainability and Eco-efficiency." Doctoral thesis, Universita degli studi di Salerno, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10556/1953.
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2013 - 2014This thesis deals empirically with various research questions in environmental economics. In particular the issues of sustainability and eco-efficiency are approached on three different data-sets. The first paper deals with the analysis of eco-efficiency for 103 provincial (NUTS 3 - Nomenclature of Units for Territorial Statistics 3) capitals of Italy throughout 2000-2008. It focuses on the link among economic growth, energy consumption and air pollution, modeling cities as territorial units that ought to promote growth, while at the same time minimising its environmental impact. Subsequently, the eco-efficiency of this panel of provincial capitals is measured through panel estimates of an input-distance function. Within this procedure, considering some environmental control variables, the paper evaluates if environmental best practices correspond either to those municipalities that adopt environment-friendly policies or to cities characterised by a particular urban context. The evidence points to the existence of a significant link between economic development, energy consumption and air pollution at the provincial capital level. The most ecoefficient provincial capitals are also among the wealthier, which is consistent with an Environmental Kuznets Curve. The second paper investigates the Ecological Footprint indicator by focusing on the notion of sustainable development and then of carrying capacity of land. The impact of man on nature is explored through an empirical analysis of the growth rate of population, and the percentage of urban and rural population, in Europe. The level of CO2 emissions per inhabitant in the EU is compared with that of developing countries. Through a sectoral approach, the total CO2 emissions per capita from fuel combustion, electricity and heat production, manufacturing industries and construction, transport and other sources are separately appraised. The third paper studies the relationship between rice production and methane emissions. Rice farming is believed to be a major anthropogenic source of methane emissions, which are measured emissions at both country and world levels of aggregation. It presents a quantitative estimation of the statistical relationship between rice production dynamics and methane emissions with regression estimates computed (country-wise and globally) over a large set of countries. The evidence only partly validates the expectation of a positive statistical influence of rice production on methane emissions. In fact a Kuznetstype evidence shows up: increasing rice production is correlated with fewer emissions. This negative relationship holds for a measure of countries sufficient to emerge significantly also at the world level. [edited by Author]
XIII n.s.
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Qureshi, Yasmeen. "Environmental issues in British Columbia : an historical-geographical perspective." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/31325.
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Concern for the state of the natural environment has been growing throughout the world in recent years as it becomes clear that the world is in the midst of an environmental crisis. In B.C., this has led to widespread public controversy over issues such as pollution, logging, and the preservation of wilderness areas. This thesis seeks to bring present conflicts into perspective by examining the historical roots of the various discourses on the environment in B.C.
Present environmental controversies take place within a legislative framework, therefore some understanding of the historical development of that legislation and the predominant attitudes that helped shape it is necessary. The first two chapters of this thesis provide this background, focusing on forest policy and parks and wilderness policy.
The third chapter addresses the outdoor recreationists, the sport hunters and anglers of B.C., who, although often contributing to the depletion of wildlife populations, also helped shape wildlife policy and worked for the preservation of wildlife habitats.
With the foundations for the environmental movement set, the fourth chapter deals with the rise of the environmental movement and environmental interest groups during the 1960's and 70's. This includes a discussion of the counter culture, general social changes of the period, the rise of ecology, and protests in Strathcona Park during the late 1980's.
The final chapter considers the reactions of the forest industry to the environmental movement. The forest industry has never had to be so aware of public opinion and so cautious about the image it projects as it is now. The focus is on one major company, MacMillan Bloedel, and the evolution of its public relations policies during the 1960's and 70's.Arts, Faculty of
Geography, Department of
Graduate
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Davis, John Mark. "Personality variables mediating change in concern toward environmental issues." Master's thesis, University of Central Florida, 1990. http://digital.library.ucf.edu/cdm/ref/collection/RTD/id/47540.
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University of Central Florida College of Arts and Sciences ThesisResearchers have for several decades examined the relationships between personality and demographic variables, pro-environmental behaviors, and level of convern toward environmental problems. In this study, personality and selected demographic variables contriubting to an increase in convern toward environmental issues were examined. Subjects included 79 females and 46 males with a mean age of 22.5 years who were enrolled in undergraduate cources at the University of Central Florida. During the first session, information concerning personality and demographic variables was obtained and subjects completed Weigel and Weigel's (1978) Ecological Concern Scale (ECS). During the second session, experimental group subjects viewed a video tape addressing environmental issues, while the control group viewed a video tape examining health issues. Subjects were then retested using the ECS. The ANCOVA demonstrated that experimental group subjects exhibited a significant increase in environmental concern compared to the control group (F) (1, 112) = 8.40, p<.005). However, personality and demographic variables were not significantly associated with increase in concern for experimental group subjects.
M.S.
Masters
Arts and Sciences
Clinical Psychology
58 p.
iv, 58 leaves, bound : ill. ; 28 cm.
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Abrego, Lisandro. "Applied general equilibrium analysis of trade and environmental issues." Thesis, University of Warwick, 2000. http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/36373/.
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This thesis uses general-equilibrium numerical-simulation techniques to analyse trade and environmental issues. It tries to take applied general equilibrium modelling in these areas beyond their traditional confines in a number of ways. These include endogenous incorporation of international capital flows into trade models, decomposition of observed economic outcomes, and computation of bargaining solutions and non-cooperative equilibria. Chapter 1 analyses the welfare, income distribution and macroeconomic implications of trade liberalisation and increased indirect taxation in El Salvador. It is found that these policies have little effect on welfare and income distribution, but a significant impact on macroeconomic aggregates. Chapter 2 examines trade liberalisation when foreign direct investment (FDI) flows and international capital income taxation are present, using data for Costa Rica. The main finding is that, once FDI flows and its taxation are taken into consideration, trade liberalisation can hurt a small open economy, whose optimal policy is no longer free trade but a combination of taxes and subsidies on imports. Chapter 3 deals with the decomposition into trade and technology constituents parts of recent increased wage inequality in the UK. It analyses how decomposition is affected by the way in which labour markets are modelled. It is found that when labour markets are perfectly competitive, the main force behind increased wage inequality is technological change, with trade playing only a small role; but when labour market inflexibilities are taken into account, any of the two factors considered can become dominant, depending on the parameter specification used in the model. Chapter 4 examines the incentives for developing-country participation in possible future negotiation on trade and the environment, assumed to break down on North-South lines. It finds that developing countries will do better if they negotiate jointly on trade and environmental policies than if they negotiate over trade policy only. However, negotiations accompanied with side payments of cash will be even better for them. Finally, Chapter 5 analyses the role of adaptation responses to damage from externalities. Using a hierarchy of models calibrated to UK data, we compare internalisation effects in the presence of these responses with a case where they are absent. We find that taking account of adaptation responses significantly reduces the level of full-internalisation taxes and the associated welfare gains from externality correction.
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Pennell, Jennifer Lyn. "State Cooperation on Regulatory Policies for Transboundary Environmental Issues." PDXScholar, 1995. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/4937.
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This research analyzes three contributing factors, perception, knowledge, and affordability, in order to estimate the likelihood of state cooperation on effective regulatory policies for transboundary environmental problems. The correlative hypothesis in this research postulates that states are more likely to support environmental regulatory policies when the issue is perceived by policymakers as serious, substantiated by a high level of knowledge, and affordable for the state. Regulatory policies for transboundary environmental issues require policymakers to act in foresight, employ precautionary measures, and cooperate. Cooperation implies that states will coordinate their policies and eschew their dominant strategy of independent decision making. However, this research contends that states decide to cooperate because they perceive the strategic interaction to be beneficial. Thus, the theory of cooperation in this research is consistent with realist assumptions of rational egoism.
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Pooley, Julie A. "Affective and cognitive bases of attitudes toward environmental issues." Thesis, Edith Cowan University, Research Online, Perth, Western Australia, 1996. https://ro.ecu.edu.au/theses/973.
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This present study seeks to determine the bases of our attitudes toward environmental issues. Is it what we think and believe (cognition) about the environment that determines our attitudes or is it what we feel (affect) that informs us. Previous literature indicates that in some areas affect may be a better predictor of attitudes than cognition. Furthermore the environmental education literature suggests that affect may be a key entry point for environmental education Using Zanna & Rempel's (1988) attitude structure model, the present study seeks to replicate and extend the work of Eagly, Mladinic and Otto (1994) using a free response method to elicit beliefs and affects to three environmental issues. Sixty six participants (N=66) were asked to rate their attitudes, and elicit their own beliefs and emotions about the environmental issues. Results from standard regression analyses confirmed that beliefs and affects significantly predicted attitudes toward logging of native forests, emotions predicted attitudes toward restriction of vehicle emissions and beliefs predicted attitudes toward urban development. Hierarchial regression results indicate that even after taking into account the role of cognition, affect significantly contributes to the amount of variance explained in attitudes toward the restriction of vehicle emissions and the logging of native forests. The results indicate that attitudes can be differentially predicted from beliefs and affects and that overall affect and beliefs play an equally important role in the prediction of attitudes toward environmental issues. Directions for future research are highlighted and discussed in light of the specific results obtained by the present study.
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Liuzzi, D. "SPACE, UNCERTAINTY AND INTERGENERATIONAL ISSUES: ESSAYS IN ENVIRONMENTAL ECONOMICS." Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Milano, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/2434/335984.
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DANILO LIUZZI
Abstract, Phd Thesis in Economics
This abstract presents the research questions that will be addressed in the four chapters of this thesis. The red line connecting the chapters is the attempt to introduce some aspects of complexity in the traditional literature of environmental and resource economics. A manifesto on the vision of social-ecological systems as complex adaptive systems can be found in Levin et al (2012): nonlinear feedbacks, non convexities, strategic interactions, individual and spatial heterogeneity, varying time scales and stochasticity are key factors that cannot be ignored in the analysis of the complex coupling between the economic and environmental side of our ecosystem. Some of the these key factors will be considered in the models presented in the remainder of this work.
The first chapter, , proposes a very simple model of the joint dynamics of capital and pollution, where capital stands for an homogeneous good that can be produced and consumed, while pollution accounts for the environmental degradation. Pollution is a by-product of production and in the meantime negatively affects production via a multiplicative damage function, as in framework of the Integrated Assessment Models proposed by Nordhaus ( 1992) and Nordhaus and Boyer (2000). In these models a functional form for the damage function is assumed and the parameters are estimated ( a literature review about the different functional forms proposed for the damage function is presented in Ortiz and Markandya, 2010). The stronger the effect of damage function, the less satisfactory the outcome of the economic activity. In principle, the damage function can drive the economic outcome to zero only if its denominator assumes an infinite value. This is due to the choice of a Cobb-Douglas production function. In this chapter is shown that assuming an S-shaped function a la' Skiba (1978), multiple equilibria arise and depending on the initial conditions of capital and pollution an economy can be condemned to a poverty trap.
The second chapter, Pollution Diffusion and Abatement Activities across Space and over Time, builds on the first , introducing space into the picture. This paper belongs to a relatively young stream of literature that bridges the gap between new economic geography (see, for example, Krugman ) and growth theory ( see Boucekkine et al, 2010). The key assumption is the continuity of space and the possibility of capital and pollution to flow across space thanks to a diffusion-like mechanism. In particular this chapter focuses on the role that capital and pollution diffusion has in shaping the basins of the attraction of the equilibria when a convex-concave production function enters the stage. Diffusion of capital can be either beneficial or detrimental, depending on its intensity and on the initial allocation of capital across space. The results are based on numerical simulation and the complexity of the problem requested an ad hoc numerical algorithm for the solutions to be displayed.
The third chapter, Sustainability and Intertemporal equity: a Multicriteria approach, deals with sustainability and intertemporal equity issues through the lenses of a multicriteria approach. In most situations a decision maker have different conflicting criteria to meet: this heterogeneity of the goals is particularly striking when sustainability and long run economic growth have to be taken into account simultaneously. The Discounted Utilitarianism and Green Golden Rule are two social welfare functions, id est two conflicting welfare criteria, that rely on two different normative approaches to the most debated question about what should be considered the appropriate form for a long run social welfare function ( see Heal ). The chapter tries to provide an answer to this question, by evaluating which welfare criteria yields the best outcome: the Chichilnisky criterion ( see Chichilnisky, ) proves to be a valuable unifying framework to interpret the problem.
In the fourth and last chapter, Pollution Control under Uncertainty and Sustainability Concern, there is an analysis about the implications of environmental policy on pollution in a stochastic framework with finite horizon and sustainability concern. The idea of minimizing the negative externalities of pollution, taking into account both the damages pollution brings in the short run and the heritage pollution leaves at the end of the time span, echoes the Chichilnisky criterion cited before. The approach has been made more adherent to reality thanks to the stochastic differential equation that describes the evolution of pollution along time.
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Feng, Kuishuang. "Spatial analysis of environmental issues : applications and extensions of the environmental input-output model." Thesis, University of Leeds, 2011. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/12746/.
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The majority of environmental input-output studies focus on a single region or country. Linking environmental input-output models to the space can provide a better understanding on the spatial relationships of consumption and production activities and associated environmental issues. This PhD thesis employs the environmental input-output techniques using geo-demographic data bases to explore spatio-environmental issues in the developed country, UK, and the developing country, China. In this thesis, four case studies (Chapters 3, 4, 5 & 6) were carried out on natural resources extraction and environmental pollution using water consumption and CO2 emissions as environmental issues. Chapter 3 assessed the UK production and consumption water footprints and found that the UK consumption water footprint was more than three times bigger than its production water footprints. About half of the UK consumption water footprints were imported from Non-OECD countries, many of which were water scarce. Chapter 4 focused on regional virtual water flows and water footprints in the Yellow River Basin (YRB), China. The results show that the production and consumption activities outside of the basin also contributed to the water stress in the YRB, particularly the water scarce lower reach. Chapter 5 applied input-output structural decomposition analysis (10 SDA) to identify the key driving forces for China's regional CO2 emissions 2002-2007 and found that increases of final consumption such as urban household consumption, capital investment and export were the key driving forces for most of China's regions. Chapter 6 assessed the distributional effects of climate change taxation for the UK. The results showed that both CO2 and GHG taxes tended to be regressive, while a GHG tax led to a more equal distribution of the tax burden across income and lifestyle groups. This research concluded that linking environmental input-output models to space could present the spatial relationships of different regions in terms of environmental issues and build up consumption based spatio- environmental inventory. Policy implications from the four case studies have also been discussed.
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Scheuerman, Phillip R., D. Dulaney, and M. Floresquerra. "Water Quality Issues in Northeast Tennessee." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2003. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/2930.
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Jivetti, Billystrom A. "POLICY ISSUES AND HUMAN-ELEPHANT CONFLICTS IN KENYA." Miami University / OhioLINK, 2004. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=miami1102110034.
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甘綺翠 and Yee-tsui Michelle Kam. "Global environmental issues and strategic implications to Hong Kong industry." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1994. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B42574262.
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Bowen, Frances E. "Does size matter? : organisational slack and visibility as alternative explanations for environmental responsiveness." Thesis, University of Bath, 2001. https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.341644.
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Fong, Chi Fong. "Application of statistical approach to public survey for environmental issues." Thesis, University of Macau, 2003. http://umaclib3.umac.mo/record=b1445099.
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Grobler, Marthinus Petrus Johannes. "Green business and environmental issues: family versus non-family business." Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/d1008058.
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The aim of the study was to understand whether family businesses and non-family business differ from one another regarding green business and environmental issues. Green business issues are of global importance for the continued existence of business within the world. Businesses do not exist in isolation but within the context of the environment within which they function. Business has an impact on the environment and the environment has an impact on business. Furthermore, family businesses constitute a large part of the world economy and estimates range from 60-90 percent of GDP contributed by family businesses. In the South African context family businesses also form a significant part of the business environment. A literature study was conducted. The study identified five factors and considered each of these factors in the study. The five factors are: Green Business; Values; Stewardship; Succession; and, Stakeholders. In addition to a literature, primary research was conducted and data were collected by means of a questionnaire that collected data on the factors identified as well as some biographical information, including race, age and the sectors in which the respondents operated. The study’s findings correspond with the literature study, although no clear difference was found between family business and non-family business relating to green business and environmental issues. Family businesses do however believe that they are stewards of the environment and need to care for the environment.
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Law, King-man. "The role of news media in reporting on environmental issues /." View the Table of Contents & Abstract, 2006. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B37117269.
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Hedbrant, Johan. "Structuring empirical knowledge on environmental issues : urban heavy metal metabolism /." Linköping : Univ, 2003. http://www.bibl.liu.se/liupubl/disp/disp2003/arts283s.pdf.
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Law, King-man, and 羅敬文. "The role of news media in reporting on environmental issues." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2006. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B45013445.
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Beasley, Claire. "Environmental information : issues of access, policy and information resources management." Thesis, City University London, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.268953.
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Harman, John (John Michael). "Understanding current environmental issues and their impact on ship design." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/44288.
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Thesis (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Civil and Environmental Engineering, 2008.Includes bibliographical references (leaves 160-164).
This thesis is intended to provide recommendations for ship owners and operators on how to prepare for new engine emissions regulations that will be progressively more stringent than current regulations. To provide these recommendations, first a general study of current and future international, regional, and local marine emissions regulations was performed. The recent progress of the International Maritime Organization (IMO) was then closely followed. Emissions reduction technologies that could be used to meet the proposed IMO emissions standards were analyzed. Special consideration was given to the effects that these technologies have on ship design and ship operation. It is expected that the MEPC-proposed Tier II and Tier III regulations discussed within this thesis will set the standard for marine emissions from large diesel engines well into the future. Ship owners should plan to meet these standards while remaining conscious of regional emissions regulations that may be even more stringent. The technologies that ship owners use to meet these standards should be selected while bearing in mind the impact on fuel oil consumption and CO2 emissions; IMO's next step is to develop marine emissions regulations to address CO2 emissions. Specific recommendations for complying with future marine emissions regulations are provided.
by John Harman.
S.M.
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Naumets, Y. "Recourses of economy development as means to solve environmental issues." Thesis, Вид-во СумДУ, 2006. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/11733.
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Vassilopoulos, Ioannis. "Public interest in environmental issues and the requirement of standing." Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 1997. http://digitool.abdn.ac.uk/R?func=search-advanced-go&find_code1=WSN&request1=AAIU099661.
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Changes in moral benefits and socio-economic conditions point to the extension of standing to permit the judicial representation of the public interest in the environment. The suggestion that the enforcement of environmental law benefits from wide public participation in judicial proceedings sets the framework of research into standing for concerned citizens and environmental associations. English law gives an example of how private law procedures cannot incorporate the public interest in the environment. In public law, however, well-acclaimed environmental associations have standing to litigate environmental issues. United States law shifts from the 'environmentalism' of Congress legislation that gives any citizen standing to sue to the restrictive 'constitutionalism' of the Supreme Court, expressed mainly by the separation of powers doctrine. Under the judicial protection afforded by German law to individual rights, environmental associations are only exceptionally permitted as plantiffs, in ten out of sixteen Lander. In Greek law, the circle of potential plantiffs is wide due to the interpretation of the Constitution by the Courts to derive a right to the environment and accept environmental protection as a public interest. The European Court of Justice, because of the relevant Treaty of Rome provisions and the mainly economic nature of the European Community, defines standing by the individuality criterion, thus limiting it considerably. The common minimum features of these five legal systems result to observations as to the definition of standing, the variables of standing extent, the objections for its expansion and the role of judicial activism in the formulation of standing requirements.
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Grundy, Sue. "'You cannae stop the future' : young people and environmental issues." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/21277.
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This research has found, in keeping with other studies, that most of the young people in the group studied are concerned about environmental issues. However, it also identifies that they seldom do anything practical to activate their environmental concern. This inactivity is compounded by their low social status as children. There was little evidence of pro-environmental behaviour undertaken in the home and where there was some, disagreement occurred between parent and child as to what this behaviour entailed. A surprisingly low amount of environmental activity has been initiated by youth groups and in the formal curriculum of the school the young people attended. Many of the young people have not undertaken pro-environmental activities with their friends and many do not even known whether their friends are environmentally concerned. The young people express feelings of resignation and frustration at their own and the government's inaction in dealing with environmental issues. They feel that environmental problems in the future will get worse. The media research found that the young people do not assimilate all of the environmental information broadcast, relying instead on previous knowledge and experience of the environmental issues in their discussions. Some of the responses in the research are distinguished by gender. However, while some of the data fits Gilligan's (1993) model of a different voice, much cannot be said to fit into her schema, suggesting instead a continuum of moral thinking rather than distinctive male and female voices.
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Kam, Yee-tsui Michelle. "Global environmental issues and strategic implications to Hong Kong industry." Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 1994. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B42574262.
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Bridenbecker, Bruce William. "Mojave Desert issues: A high school curriculum." CSUSB ScholarWorks, 1997. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd-project/1429.
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Bryn, Peter Christopher. "The intelligent container concept : issues, initiatives, and implementation." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/38956.
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Thesis (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Civil and Environmental Engineering, 2007.Includes bibliographical references (p. 104-111).
Shipping containers have been under increased scrutiny in recent years for two primary reasons. Within the private sector, they are one component of a continuing process by organizations to use effective supply chain management to their competitive advantage. Within the public sector, they are the central focus of a growing concern over cargo security. Indeed, these issues involve many parties, including regulators, carriers, shippers, container solution providers, research, and academia. Many of the proposed solutions involve new strategies, systems, and technologies applied to containers that fall into what this paper calls the "intelligent container concept." As a relatively nascent field, information is currently very fragmented, standards are still being researched, and few universal goals exist. This study is focused on compiling, understanding, and organizing the universe of options available, the concerns of the parties involved, the relevant and significant initiatives underway or completed, and the issues surrounding implementation.
(cont.) While cost and technology are critical components of the debate, this study focuses more on the benefits that the proposed solutions might add and how they can be incorporated into the supply chain. This study is intended to familiarize the reader with the status and extent of the intelligent container field, though does not delve into the cost or technology issues since they vary greatly and are supply chain specific.
by Peter Christopher Bryn.
S.M.
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Diggins, James P. (James Patrick). "Project management issues on hazardous waste remediation sites." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/37017.
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Moussalli, Tatiana 1978. "Performance issues for high strength concrete in bridges." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/84267.
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Ho, Kwok-pui. "An exploratory study of the reasoning of junior and senior secondary students concerning environmental issues." Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 1992. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B13890967.
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George, Anna. "Bilateral interactions and governability of complex environmental issues : A case study of Swedish bilateral environmental cooperation." Thesis, Södertörns högskola, Institutionen för naturvetenskap, miljö och teknik, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:sh:diva-30728.
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While domestic environmental agencies are still responsible for follow up the progress of environmental policy, the context of complex and large-scale environmental problems strongly influence the possibility to fulfill policy objectives. This thesis explores a case of bilateral environmental cooperation carried out by Swedish environmental authorities, to analyze how it contributes to governance and governability of environmental issue areas. Qualitative interviews with concerned actors revealed that bilateral cooperation was perceived to fill specific functions for the governability of environmental issues, complementary to other international cooperation. Key perceived qualities of bilateral cooperation were that it enabled trustful relations on working level and served as a door opener for dialogue. Joint policy development by environmental agency peers and demonstrating successful examples were seen as useful for promoting policy change. Applying a perspective of interactive governance, the thesis highlights that goals and activity selection of the studied bilateral cooperation were formed through interactions between the involved agencies and with partner countries. Bureaucratic structure and discourses on international cooperation constitute important limitations to the development and use of bilateral environmental cooperation. The study recommends governability assessment as a tool for improving design and follow-up of international environmental cooperation. Governability assessment analyzes the role that the interaction, and the interacting organization play in a governing system of an environmental issue area. The thesis adds to previous research on global environmental governance with empirical examples of the role bilateral interactions plays in the governing systems, as well as the specific qualities perceived by actors as crucial to the role. It also provides recommendations on how to further analyze initiatives by actors aiming to exercise environmental leadership in a diverse or fragmented institutional context of global environmental governance.
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Frögren, Kristin. "Miljöproblem i Sverige : Definition och vanligt förekommande termer." Thesis, Stockholms universitet, Institutionen för naturgeografi, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-170338.
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Environmental problems currently lack a definition in the Swedish language. Subjective definitions could lead to counterproductiveness and misunderstandings between parties, which is why the aim of this thesis is to construct a definition for environmental problems. Using quantitative methods, and a literature study, the most frequently used terms describing environmental problems were compiled. An analysis of the results gives us the following definition: ”Something that causes pollution, causes loss of biodiversity, or impairs production and functions.” This definition is broad enough, and yet specific enough, to encompass environmental problems in a practical and useful way in both everyday language, and when working in scientific or humanistic fields. Further research is required, since it is currently extremely sparse. The definition formulated in this thesis will not last forever, but rather it will continue to grow, evolve and develop alongside new discoveries, new knowledge and new environmental goals in this field.Det saknas i dagsläget en definition av begreppet miljöproblem. Subjektiva definitioner av begreppet skulle kunna leda till missförstånd mellan olika aktörer, kontraproduktivitet eller felriktade insatser för att lösa dessa problem. Därför är syftet med detta examensarbete att utforma en definition för begreppet miljöproblem. Arbetet är baserat på en litteraturstudie som utfördes med kvantitativa metoder, där en sammanställning av relevanta termer från relevant litteratur genomfördes. Enligt resultaten är denna definition: ”Något som orsakar föroreningar eller orsakar förlust av biologisk mångfald, produktionsförmåga eller funktioner.” Definitionen är tillräckligt övergripande, men även tillräckligt specifik för att anses användbar i både vardagligt tal samt vid tillämpning av miljöarbete, forskning och miljöpolitik. Det behövs vidare forskning i ämnet, då denna i dagsläget är ytterst sparsam. Definitionen som utformats här kommer inte att bestå för evigt, utan kommer att fortsätta utvecklas och bearbetas, där ny kunskap, kontexter, nya miljömål etcetera kommer att spela en viktig roll.
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Newton, Mark H. "A Longitudinal Examination of a SSI-Embedded Experiential Environmental Education Course and Environmental Behaviors." Scholar Commons, 2016. http://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/6550.
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A perennial goal of environmental education is to produce a scientifically literate citizenry capable of negotiating and resulting complex environmental problems. Popular methods of environmental education instruction tend to overemphasize scientific content knowledge and neglect to consider ethical and moral aspects of the problem. This qualitative study examines the longitudinal association between an experiential environmental education course infused with SSI instruction and students’ environmental behaviors. The results indicate that several students’ conceptualizations of contentious environmental issues change after completing the course and specifically. Furthermore, students’ willingness to act to resolve contentious environmental issues was most closely associated with their environmental behaviors. The most significant theoretical implication of the study is the effectiveness of the SSI framework in authentic experiences. Additionally, this study supports the notion that SSI instruction in authentic experiences is an effective alternative approach to teaching environmental education.