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Journal articles on the topic 'Environmental impacts'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 8 June 2024

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1

Chinnaiah, Chinnaiah. "Environmental Impacts Sondenahalli Iron ORE Mine." Indian Journal of Applied Research 4, no. 3 (October 1, 2011): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.15373/2249555x/mar2014/164.

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2

Saleh, Ali, and László Gáspár. "ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS OF USING FOAMED ASPHALT." Dorogi i mosti 2023, no. 27 (April 25, 2023): 296–306. http://dx.doi.org/10.36100/dorogimosti2023.27.296.

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Introduction. There has been a world-wide tendency, a global trend to reduce energy demand using a wide variety of methods. With this, on the one hand, the goal is to conserve the limited available and increasingly expensive energy carriers, and on the other hand, it is strived to reduce the emission of greenhouse gases and thereby fight against climate change. Problem statement. In the field of road construction, the most widespread manifestation of this sustainability endeavour is the goal of replacing high-energy, hot asphalt mixtures (HMA) with variants of suitable quality. It is a common experience that in this field, the so-called warm asphalt mixtures (WMA) can be the most effective solution. Purpose. The purpose of this article is to examine the environmental effects of the WMA. The authors of the article also deal with whether the type of substitute asphalt mixture does not represent a (long-term) performance reduction in the asphalt layers. Materials and methods. Environmental safety of asphalt mixing plants is a growing concern nowadays due to the high temperature of asphalt mixture production requiring a lot of energy, and resulting in much air pollutants released into the air. The comparison between hot mix asphalt (HMA) and warm mix asphalt (WMA) was performed using BEES (Building for Environmental and Economic Sustainability) 4.0 model; just now the environmental features of the two asphalt mixture types was concentrated on. (The model has also an economic element).
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3

Dr. M. S. Shinde, Dr M. S. Shinde. "Impacts of Forest Fires on Environment: Role of Environmental Ngos in Satara District." Paripex - Indian Journal Of Research 3, no. 7 (January 1, 2012): 1–3. http://dx.doi.org/10.15373/22501991/july2014/71.

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4

Greene, David L. "Environmental impacts." Journal of Transport Geography 5, no. 1 (March 1997): 28–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0966-6923(96)00048-8.

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5

Chung, Kieu Thi Thu. "Abuse of Pesticides and Environmental Impacts in Vietnam." International Journal of Psychosocial Rehabilitation 24, no. 4 (April 30, 2020): 5857–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.37200/ijpr/v24i4/pr2020392.

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6

Alqurashi, Amru. "Economic and Environmental Impacts of Distributed Energy Resources." Journal of Clean Energy Technologies 9, no. 2 (April 2021): 28–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.18178/jocet.2021.9.2.527.

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The current power system suffers from inherent inefficiencies and transmission line congestion due to the spatial split between power generation and end usage. This potentially introduces shortcomings in meeting load demands, grid liability, renewable portfolio standards, and environmental considerations such as carbon emission reduction targets. The economic and technical viability of distributed energy resource (DER) technologies may accelerate the transition to more sustainable energy production. This paper investigates the economic and environmental benefits of DERs compared to utility prices and emissions for residential dwellings using the Distributed Energy Resources Customer Adoption Model (DER-CAM). The results show a tradeoff between the CO2 emissions and electricity costs, but improvements over purchasing the electricity.
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7

Lima, Paulo De Tarso Dantas, Manoel Mariano Neto, and Raphael Abrahão. "Análise dos processos de avaliação de impacto ambiental em usinas fotovoltaicas no Nordeste do Brasil." Revista Brasileira de Geografia Física 15, no. 3 (June 13, 2022): 1260. http://dx.doi.org/10.26848/rbgf.v15.3.p1260-1273.

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A geração de eletricidade por sistemas fotovoltaicos vem crescendo exponencialmente em todo o mundo. A implantação desse tipo de atividade requer a elaboração de diversos estudos, dentre eles, a Avaliação de Impacto Ambiental (AIA). Logo, é imperativo o aperfeiçoamento dessa ferramenta, por ser o principal instrumento para a promoção do desenvolvimento sustentável no segmento. Desta forma, este trabalho tem por objetivo identificar os impactos benéficos e adversos, decorrentes da geração de energia fotovoltaica, a partir da organização temporal das avaliações de impacto ambiental, elaboradas no Nordeste brasileiro, no período de 2012 a 2019. Para tanto, empregou-se a análise documental de 41 Estudos de Impacto Ambiental, permitindo identificar 3.381 impactos, subdivididos nas fases de planejamento, implantação, operação e desativação dos projetos. Verificou-se que 75% dos impactos são previstos para ocorrer ao longo da implantação dos empreendimentos. Ao analisar os compartimentos ambientais, percebe-se que 82% e 76,5% dos impactos incidentes sobre os meios bióticos e abióticos, respectivamente, são negativos. Já no meio socioeconômico, 72,2% se mostram positivos. A quantificação histórica dos impactos ambientais pode ser utilizada para avaliar o benefício da atividade nas cidades e regiões, e, pontuar os impactos de maior relevância. Também foi possível identificar que alguns impactos referenciados na literatura internacional não estão previstos nas avaliações de impacto ambiental no Brasil, fato que pode comprometer a tomada de decisão por parte do poder público.Palavras-chave: estudo de impacto ambiental, energia fotovoltaica, energia solar. Analysis of environmental impact assessment processes in photovoltaic power plants in Northeast Brazil A B S T R A C TElectricity generation by photovoltaic systems has been growing exponentially all over the world. The implementation of this type of activity requires the preparation of several studies, including the Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA). Therefore, it is imperative to improve this tool, as it is the main instrument in ensuring the promotion of sustainable development in the segment. Thus, this work aims to identify the beneficial and adverse impacts arising from the generation of photovoltaic energy, based on the temporal organization of environmental impact assessments, prepared in the Brazilian Northeast, in the period 2012 to 2019. the documentary analysis of 41 Environmental Impact Studies, allowing the identification of 3,381 impacts, subdivided into the planning, implementation, operation and deactivation phases of the projects. It was found that 75% of the impacts are expected to occur during the implementation of the projects. When analyzing the environmental compartments, it is noticed that 82% and 76.5% of the impacts incident on biotic and abiotic environments, respectively, are negative. In the socioeconomic environment, 72.2% are positive. The historical quantification of environmental impacts can be used to assess the benefit of the activity in cities and regions, and to score the most relevant impacts. It was also possible to identify that some impacts referenced in the international literature are not foreseen in environmental impact assessments in Brazil, a fact that can compromise decision-making by the government.Keywords: environmental impact study, photovoltaics, solar energy.
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8

Ventura, Andréa Cardoso, and Eduardo Paes Barreto Davel. "Impacto Socioambiental da Pesquisa." Organizações & Sociedade 28, no. 99 (December 2021): 710–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1984-92302021v28n9900pt.

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Abstract Reflecting about the future of Earth and its inhabitants is essential to ensure a possible tomorrow. Therefore, socio-environmental impact shall become a universal and inevitable concern of researchers, educational institutions and scientific research regulatory agencies. Social and environmental impacts, in all senses, must be considered into any production of knowledge. Some questions help incorporate this conduct in academic research: How can research ensure effective socio-environmental impacts on society? What is the best way to conduct research so that it has positive social and environmental impacts from the beginning? How can research be fully dedicated to generating positive socio-environmental impacts in every step? We concluded that socio-environmental impacts must be considered just as much or even more important than those of socioeconomic and technological nature.
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9

Cooper, T. A., and L. W. Canter. "Documentation of cumulative impacts in environmental impact statements." Environmental Impact Assessment Review 17, no. 6 (November 1997): 385–411. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0195-9255(97)00014-0.

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10

Duarte, Carla Grigoletto, and Luis Enrique Sánchez. "Addressing significant impacts coherently in environmental impact statements." Environmental Impact Assessment Review 82 (May 2020): 106373. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eiar.2020.106373.

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11

Mohorjy, Abdullah M. "Importance Weighting of Impacts in Environmental Impact Studies." Journal of Environmental Engineering 123, no. 12 (December 1997): 1261–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(asce)0733-9372(1997)123:12(1261).

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12

Martin, M. H., and Jerome O. Nriagu. "Environmental Impacts of Smelters." Journal of Applied Ecology 23, no. 3 (December 1986): 1073. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2403971.

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13

Gidarakos, Evangelos. "War and environmental impacts." Waste Management 35 (January 2015): 1–2. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.wasman.2014.10.007.

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14

Spencer, B. E. "Environmental impacts of aquaculture." Aquaculture 203, no. 3-4 (January 2002): 397–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0044-8486(01)00633-0.

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15

Sumpter, John P. "Xenoendocrine disrupters — environmental impacts." Toxicology Letters 102-103 (December 1998): 337–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0378-4274(98)00328-2.

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16

Sumpter, J. P. "Xenoendocrine disrupters — Environmental impacts." Toxicology Letters 95 (July 1998): 17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0378-4274(98)80067-2.

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17

Kabir, Ehsanul, Vanish Kumar, Ki-Hyun Kim, Alex C. K. Yip, and J. R. Sohn. "Environmental impacts of nanomaterials." Journal of Environmental Management 225 (November 2018): 261–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2018.07.087.

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18

Rutherford, P. M., M. J. Dudas, and R. A. Samek. "Environmental impacts of phosphogypsum." Science of The Total Environment 149, no. 1-2 (June 1994): 1–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0048-9697(94)90002-7.

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19

Dyck, W. J., and C. A. Bow. "Environmental impacts of harvesting." Biomass and Bioenergy 2, no. 1-6 (January 1992): 173–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0961-9534(92)90098-b.

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20

Coombs, J. "Environmental impacts of bionergy." Biomass and Bioenergy 8, no. 1 (January 1995): 51–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0961-9534(95)90017-9.

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21

Dincer, Ibrahim. "Environmental impacts of energy." Energy Policy 27, no. 14 (December 1999): 845–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0301-4215(99)00068-3.

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22

Yu, E., and J. Liu. "Environmental impacts of divorce." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 104, no. 51 (December 5, 2007): 20629–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0707267104.

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23

Salgot, Miquel, and Josefina C. Tapias. "Golf Courses: Environmental Impacts." Tourism and Hospitality Research 6, no. 3 (May 2006): 218–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/palgrave.thr.6050016.

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The relationship between golf courses, forced ecosystems and the environment is extremely complex and need to be established carefully because of the social pressures and implications of this type of facilities. The main environmental aspects of golf courses, the way the golf structures exert an influence on the environment, the management practices and the use of pesticides are the main features to be considered. The soil-plant-atmosphere continuum is at the core of the golf and must be managed in an integrated way to reduce environmental impacts of the whole facility. Many golf courses are located in natural areas, where wildlife exists and there is an influence on the course and vice versa. There is also the need to define the relationships between a course and its surrounding environments.
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24

Dodds, Rachel. "ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS OF ECOTOURISM." Annals of Tourism Research 36, no. 4 (October 2009): 747–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.annals.2009.04.009.

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25

Marouen Amiri, Mohamed, Hédi Noubbigh, Kamel Naoui, and Nouha Choura. "Environmental Management System: Environmental Impacts and Productivity." International Journal of Business and Management 10, no. 11 (October 26, 2015): 107. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/ijbm.v10n11p107.

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<p>Nowadays, the environmental dimension is an important factor in the managerial decisions of polluting firms. These firms are subject to regulations which are characterized by the adoption of norms and standards to ensure a minimally non-polluted environment. These norms have incited firms to adopt environmental management systems. In line with these ideas, our study aims to analyze whether the adoption of an environmental management system would improve the productivity of firms operating in the manufacturing sector. With a sample composed of French companies listed in the SBF 120, we measured productivity by specifying and estimating a Cobb-Douglas production function and then used panel data to test the impact of the adoption of an environmental management system on the productivity of manufacturing firms. We found a positive and significant relation between the implementation of an EMS and productivity.</p>
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26

Mishra, Anjay Kumar. "Environmental Impacts of Concrete in Chemical Parameters of Soil." Journal of Advanced Research in Civil and Environmental Engineering 08, no. 3&4 (September 22, 2021): 9–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.24321/2393.8307.202106.

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Cement is a major construction material used in civil engineering works due to which its demand is very high. Increase in concrete use has both advantages and disadvantages. Cement materials used is directly or indirectly related to raw material use, energy consumption, air emissions, water pollution, solid waste, health concerns etc. To study direct environmental impact of cement use, soil samples of mass concreted area were collected and change in selected soil parameters were examined from laboratory experiments. Total nitrogen, available phosphorus, available potassium, pH, organic matter, soil texture and moisture content of soil samples were obtained from the lab. Each soil parameters were compared with acceptable range for normal soil.
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27

Geltman, Elizabeth. "Environmental Health Regulation in the Trump Era: How President Trump’s Two-for-One Regulatory Plan Impacts Environmental Regulation." University of Michigan Journal of Law Reform, no. 51.4 (2018): 669. http://dx.doi.org/10.36646/mjlr.51.4.environmental.

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This Article explores the Trump regulatory reform agenda and its potential impact on environmental determinants of health. The Article begins with a discussion of the Department of Commerce’s (DOC or Commerce) initial fact-finding investigation to evaluate the impact of federal regulations on domestic manufacturing. The Article next presents an overview of the Trump administration’s regulatory reform formula as announced in E.O. 13771 and the interim guidance explaining E.O. 13771 and E.O. 13777 (the executive order announcing the Trump administration’s plans to enforce the regulatory reform plan announced in E.O. 13771). The Article then examines the federal agency initiatives undertaken in response to the Trump directives, including both fact-finding dockets and regulatory action published in the federal register applying the executive orders. This Article concludes with concerns about the practical effects of the new policy on the future of environmental determinants of health and recommends that the policy be reevaluated after a year to understand the unintended effects of this means of deregulation.
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28

Hasanuzzaman and Chandan Bhar. "Environmental Sustainability." International Journal of Social Ecology and Sustainable Development 8, no. 4 (October 2017): 48–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijsesd.2017100104.

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The Indian textile industry is significantly contributing to the socio-economic development of the country but is often condemned for adverse environmental impacts. The textile industry encompasses huge consumption of raw material and produces high volume of waste as byproduct. When the waste is released into the environment, it contaminates the environment by polluting air, water, land and soil. The pollution impact of wet processing and fiber production is very detrimental to the environment. Whereas, yarn formation and fabric formation are responsible for heavy noise and dust generation in the workroom. Taking this forward, current study has makes an attempt to present an overview of environmental sustainability status of Indian textile industry and provide necessary suggestions. It is found from the study that pollution impact from fiber formation and wet processing of textiles is spread beyond shop floor but pollution impact of yarn formation and fabric formation are limited to the workroom only. An efficient waste management system can reduce these impacts.
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Bombar, Gökçen, Deniz Dölgen, and M. Necdet Alpaslan. "Environmental impacts and impact mitigation plans for desalination facilities." Desalination and Water Treatment 57, no. 25 (September 22, 2015): 11528–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/19443994.2015.1089198.

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30

Cheng, Baoquan, Kun Lu, Jianchang Li, Huihua Chen, Xiaowei Luo, and Muhammad Shafique. "Comprehensive assessment of embodied environmental impacts of buildings using normalized environmental impact factors." Journal of Cleaner Production 334 (February 2022): 130083. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2021.130083.

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31

Ran, Qing Kai, and Sheng Ji Luan. "Implementation of Environmental Supervision on Promoting Environmental Impact Assessment System." Advanced Materials Research 788 (September 2013): 325–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.788.325.

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Starting from the point of view of whole process environmental impact assessment and taking into account of reducing impact of reality regulations, reducing information asymmetry and protecting the rights and interests of citizens, this article analyzes the impacts of environmental supervision on promoting environmental impact assessment system.
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32

Demarco, Carolina Faccio, Thays França Afonso, Patricia Damasceno Ribeiro, Cassia Brocca Caballero, Robson Andreazza, and Tirzah Moreira Siqueira. "Attributes and Magnitude of the Socio-Environmental Impacts in Environmental Impact Study and Environmental Impact Report (EIS/EIR) of two small Hydroelectric Power Plants." Ciência e Natura 42 (May 11, 2020): e22. http://dx.doi.org/10.5902/2179460x40368.

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Both SHPs selected for this study SHP Cabuí (southeast of Minas Gerais state) and SHP Caiçara (northern Minas Gerais state) are located in low-income regions. This study aimed to evaluate the approach used to describe the socio-environmental impacts - through the analysis of attributes and magnitude of impacts - of these two projects and for this, consultations were carried out on the Environmental Impact Studies (EIS) presented by these SHPs, as well as the technical opinions available on the website of the agency responsible for environmental licensing (IBAMA). It was verified that the socio-environmental approaches of the SHPs differed in some aspects. PCH Cabuí, whose previous license was deferred, used more attributes to describe the socioeconomic impacts and the explanation of the impact assessment was more detailed and easy to understand, while the EIS of the Caiçara SHP (previous license rejected) was more succinct in its attributes for the description of the socioeconomic impacts, not adequately presenting the valuation and meaning of its impacts. There is also evidence of the need to improve public participation in both projects.
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33

Ventura, Andréa Cardoso, and Eduardo Paes Barreto Davel. "Socio-environmental Impact of Research." Organizações & Sociedade 28, no. 99 (December 2021): 710–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1984-92302021v28n9900en.

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Abstract Reflecting about the future of Earth and its inhabitants is essential to ensure a possible tomorrow. Therefore, socio-environmental impact shall become a universal and inevitable concern of researchers, educational institutions and scientific research regulatory agencies. Social and environmental impacts, in all senses, must be considered into any production of knowledge. Some questions help incorporate this conduct in academic research: How can research ensure effective socio-environmental impacts on society? What is the best way to conduct research so that it has positive social and environmental impacts from the beginning? How can research be fully dedicated to generating positive socio-environmental impacts in every step? We concluded that socio-environmental impacts must be considered just as much or even more important than those of socioeconomic and technological nature.
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34

Arzoo, Atia, and Kunja Bihari Satapathy. "Socio-economic and environmental impacts of mining in Odisha, India." Scholars Academic Journal of Biosciences 4, no. 7 (July 2016): 560–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.21276/sajb.2016.4.7.2.

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35

Gupta, Raashi. "Environmental Impacts and Sustainability Concerns in Biofuel Production in India." International Journal of Science and Research (IJSR) 12, no. 11 (November 5, 2023): 92–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.21275/sr231025143528.

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36

Lu, Qing, and Zhen Leng. "Reducing environmental impacts of pavement." Transportation Research Part D: Transport and Environment 95 (June 2021): 102858. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.trd.2021.102858.

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37

Zahn, Laura M. "Environmental impacts on gene networks." Science 372, no. 6542 (May 6, 2021): 584.11–586. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.372.6542.584-k.

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38

Sapp, Stephen G., and Liisa Uusitalo. "Environmental Impacts of Consumption Patterns." Contemporary Sociology 17, no. 1 (January 1988): 77. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2069445.

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39

Sumarokov, Ivan Egorovich, and Elena Sergeyevna Palkina. "Environmental impacts of contemporary logistics." Современные проблемы инновационной экономики, no. 8 (2021): 206–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.52899/978-5-88303-634-6_206.

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40

NAKAO, Toru. "Environmental Impacts of Wind Power." Journal of The Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan 131, no. 7 (2011): 422–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1541/ieejjournal.131.422.

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41

de Miranda, Mariane Silva, Marina Leite Fonseca, Alexandre Lima, Tatiane Faustino de Moraes, and Flávio Aparecido Rodrigues. "Environmental Impacts of Rice Cultivation." American Journal of Plant Sciences 06, no. 12 (2015): 2009–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/ajps.2015.612201.

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42

Bento, Antonio M. "Equity Impacts of Environmental Policy." Annual Review of Resource Economics 5, no. 1 (June 2013): 181–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev-resource-091912-151925.

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43

Wu, JunJie. "Agglomeration: Economic and Environmental Impacts." Annual Review of Resource Economics 11, no. 1 (October 5, 2019): 419–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev-resource-100518-094151.

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Urbanization is taking place at an unprecedented pace and scale in China, India, and many other emerging economies. This will have profound impacts on the world economy and environment. This review provides a critical assessment of the current understanding of the intertwined relationships between agglomeration, economic growth, and environmental quality. We start by providing a brief overview of the extensive literature on the drivers of agglomeration and its economic impact. We then discuss the opposing views on the environmental impact of agglomeration and illustrate the trade-offs involved when choosing among different levels and forms of agglomeration. Finally, we discuss challenges for environmental management in a rapidly urbanizing economy and some lessons learned from history and experiences of urban development and their policy implications. The review concludes with a discussion of key knowledge gaps and future research directions.
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Södersten, Carl-Johan, Richard Wood, and Edgar G. Hertwich. "Environmental Impacts of Capital Formation." Journal of Industrial Ecology 22, no. 1 (January 10, 2017): 55–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jiec.12532.

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45

Zurkirch, Manfred, and Inge Reichart. "Environmental Impacts of Telecommunication Services." Greener Management International 2000, no. 32 (December 1, 2000): 70–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.9774/gleaf.3062.2000.wi.00008.

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46

Primm, Todd P., Christie A. Lucero, and Joseph O. Falkinham. "Health Impacts of Environmental Mycobacteria." Clinical Microbiology Reviews 17, no. 1 (January 2004): 98–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/cmr.17.1.98-106.2004.

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SUMMARY Environmental mycobacteria are emerging pathogens causing opportunistic infections in humans and animals. The health impacts of human-mycobacterial interactions are complex and likely much broader than currently recognized. Environmental mycobacteria preferentially survive chlorination in municipal water, using it as a vector to infect humans. Widespread chlorination of water has likely selected more resistant environmental mycobacteria species and potentially explains the shift from M. scrofulaceum to M. avium as a cause of cervical lymphadenitis in children. Thus, human activities have affected mycobacterial ecology. While the slow growth and hydrophobicity of environmental mycobacteria appear to be disadvantages, the unique cell wall architecture also grants high biocide and antibiotic resistance, while hydrophobicity facilitates nutrient acquisition, biofilm formation, and spread by aerosolization. The remarkable stress tolerance of environmental mycobacteria is the major reason they are human pathogens. Environmental mycobacteria invade protozoans, exhibiting parasitic and symbiotic relationships. The molecular mechanisms of mycobacterial intracellular pathogenesis in animals likely evolved from similar mechanisms facilitating survival in protozoans. In addition to outright infection, environmental mycobacteria may also play a role in chronic bowl diseases, allergies, immunity to other pulmonary infections, and the efficacy of bacillus Calmette-Guerin vaccination.
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47

Verma, Rameshwar D. "Environmental Impacts of Irrigation Projects." Journal of Irrigation and Drainage Engineering 112, no. 4 (November 1986): 322–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(asce)0733-9437(1986)112:4(322).

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48

Bakkenist, Gisele. "Notification of Transnational Environmental Impacts." Review of European Community and International Environmental Law 3, no. 1 (March 1994): 7–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9388.1994.tb00147.x.

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49

Guolo, Erika, Francesca Cappelletti, Piercarlo Romagnoni, and Fabio Raggiotto. "Environmental impacts for polyurethane panels." E3S Web of Conferences 111 (2019): 03063. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/201911103063.

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According to the European targets for 2030, for managing a policy of improving the environmental sustainability of buildings it is essential to assess the buildings and building components impacts both in the construction and in the utilization phases. The use of building is essential on the environmental impacts (equal to about 90%) as consequence the commitment must be aimed at reducing energy consumption and CO2 emissions of buildings during their lifetime, through correct design and proper selection of materials and technologies; above all, the use of thermal insulation materials is fundamental. A useful support tool for manufacturers and designers for the eco-design innovation of products and production processes is the LCA - Life Cycle Assessment: the assessment allows to identify and to quantify energy, consumed materials and residues released as environment impact during the processes. Comparison of the environmental impact data of the different products it is possible by adopting the EPD - Environmental Product Declarations approach, which envisages, for each group of products, the elaboration of a specific technique, the PRC - Product Category Rules. In the building sector, among the thermal insulating materials currently in use, the rigid expanded polyurethane (thermoset polymeric insulation products with a substantially closed cell structure including both polymer types based on PIR and PUR), allows to obtain excellent characteristics of very low density masses, resulting in a reduction in energy consumption deriving from transport, installation and disposal or recycling at the end of life. Numerous studies on environmental impacts during the polyurethane life cycle have shown that the amount of resources consumed for the production of polyurethane foam is amortized in the use phase of buildings thanks to the energy savings determined by thermal insulation. Very important features of polyurethane is the high durability in time (higher or equal to the life of the building). This is demonstrated following some tests of physical characterization and verification of durability of rigid polyurethane insulation panels used in different types of building and construction, without maintenance: according to the determination of thermal conductivity and of the compressive strength is proven as the values are unchanged despite the years of use (over 40 years). The paper presents the LCA evaluation of a polyurethane panel; the durability of thermal properties has been verified by experimental tests.
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Moberg, Asa, Clara Borggren, Goran Finnveden, and Sara Tyskeng. "Environmental impacts of electronic invoicing." Progress in Industrial Ecology, An International Journal 7, no. 2 (2010): 93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/pie.2010.036044.

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