Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Environmental impacts mitigation'
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Hovhannisyan, Lilit. "OVERSEEING THE MITIGATION OF ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS OF WATER SUPPLY PROJECTS IN ARMENIA." Miami University / OhioLINK, 2017. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=miami150105623187497.
Full textLuger, Michael Karl. "Environmentally-sensitive river management : assessment and mitigation of impacts on urban rivers." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/13886.
Full textUrban development and engineering works have resulted in the majority of rivers that drain urban areas being severely degraded, both ecologically and in terms of their potential amenity value. This dissertation explores the reasons for this "spiral of degradation" and it describes the ecological and social impacts on rivers caused by urban development, channelisation and canalisation. It then suggests possible measures to mitigate the impacts at the levels of the catchment, floodplain and river channel. The present cycle of degradation of urban rivers in the Cape Metropolitan Area (and elsewhere) can be halted. In addition, where degradation has already occurred, mitigation and rehabilitation are possible and could restore some of the lost conservation and ecological values, as well as the potential amenity, recreation and education functions. Early colonisation of Cape Town by Europeans inflicted severe impacts on the rivers surrounding and passing through the city. These included: catchment degradation, water abstraction, the disposal of unpurified sewage and industrial effluents, removal of riparian forests, clearing of instream vegetation and the draining of wetlands. During the 20111 century, many urban rivers have been "improved" by straightening or confining within rectangular concrete-lined canals in order to protect urban development in flood-prone areas. The unquestioning faith in technology during this period and the attitude that human ingenuity could "improve nature" are now regarded by the scientific community, together with some local and regional authorities and informed members of the public, as mistakes that resulted in ecological and environmental degradation. These technical solutions merely treated the symptoms of the problem without recognising, let alone attempting to treat, the causes, that is poor catchment and floodplain management. However, there is still a public demand for canalisation of the remaining "natural" rivers in the greater Cape Town area and beyond. At the same time, there has been an increase in environmental awareness, as well as a growing appreciation of the value of holistic and multi-objective planning in the engineering and planning professions. This dissertation aims to assess the impacts of urbanisation, channelisation and canalisation on the aquatic ecosystem and socio-economic environment of urban rivers, and to develop possible measures to mitigate these impacts.
Shanmugam, Harini. "Assessment and mitigation of potential environmental impacts of Portland Cement Concrete highway grindings." Online access for everyone, 2004. http://www.dissertations.wsu.edu/Thesis/Fall2004/h%5Fshanmugam%5F121304.pdf.
Full textDriscoll, Simon. "Climate impacts of stratospheric particle injection." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2014. https://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:5460c624-75d0-448e-b9a0-c1bc70cc9ad0.
Full textKettlewell, Chad Issac. "An Assessment of Wetland Impacts and Compensatory Mitigation in the Cuyahoga River Watershed, Ohio, USA." The Ohio State University, 2005. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1392733321.
Full textBergman, Crystal Jane. "A Survey of Drought Impacts and Mitigation Planning in Kentucky." TopSCHOLAR®, 2009. http://digitalcommons.wku.edu/theses/95.
Full textAhmad, Mumtaz. "ASSESSMENT AND MITIGATION OF WATER RELATED ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH IMPACTS IN THE BAGRAMI DISTRICT OF KABUL PROVINCE." The University of Montana, 2008. http://etd.lib.umt.edu/theses/available/etd-09222008-022006/.
Full textHirono, Yuhei. "Assessment and mitigation of the environmental impacts of nitrogen fertilizer application in green tea fields." Kyoto University, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/235969.
Full textBrown, Terry-Rene Wiesner. "Monitoring and Mitigation of Elevated CO2 Impacts using Microalgae." Scholar Commons, 2016. http://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/6188.
Full textBATTINI, FERDINANDO. "ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT MITIGATION IN DAIRY FARMS AND BIOGAS PRDUCTION FROM MANURE AND ENERGY CROP IN THE PO VALLEY." Doctoral thesis, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10280/6076.
Full textThe thesis has a logical thread that starts with the quantification and characterization of the environmental impacts of milk production. The research continues with the analysis of the options for mitigating these impacts, among which biogas production from manure results very effective. The next step was to analyse the environmental sustainability of co-digestion of manure and energy crops. The anaerobic digestion of manure to biogas and its combustion to produce electricity resulted as an effective technological approach to mitigate GHG emissions because it reduces the emissions from slurry storage and contributes to the displacement of electricity generation from fossil fuels. Biogas production from energy crops, although not providing environmental benefits per se, may be regarded as an option to facilitate and increase the digestion of manure, if allowed only in small shares. The results of this thesis – achieved using LCA methodology – can assist policy makers in the planning of measures aimed at increasing the sustainability of milk and biogas production from dairy farms.
BATTINI, FERDINANDO. "ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT MITIGATION IN DAIRY FARMS AND BIOGAS PRDUCTION FROM MANURE AND ENERGY CROP IN THE PO VALLEY." Doctoral thesis, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10280/6076.
Full textThe thesis has a logical thread that starts with the quantification and characterization of the environmental impacts of milk production. The research continues with the analysis of the options for mitigating these impacts, among which biogas production from manure results very effective. The next step was to analyse the environmental sustainability of co-digestion of manure and energy crops. The anaerobic digestion of manure to biogas and its combustion to produce electricity resulted as an effective technological approach to mitigate GHG emissions because it reduces the emissions from slurry storage and contributes to the displacement of electricity generation from fossil fuels. Biogas production from energy crops, although not providing environmental benefits per se, may be regarded as an option to facilitate and increase the digestion of manure, if allowed only in small shares. The results of this thesis – achieved using LCA methodology – can assist policy makers in the planning of measures aimed at increasing the sustainability of milk and biogas production from dairy farms.
LIU, AMY JIN-RONG. "EMPLOYING LAND-USE SCHEMES AS A MITIGATION STRATEGY FOR THE WATER QUALITY IMPACTS OF GLOBAL CLIMATE CHANGE." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2002. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1017949450.
Full textMarshall, Andrew Robert. "Using The Papathoma Tsunami Vulnerability Assessment Model to Forcast Probable Impacts, and Planning Implications, of a 500-year Tsunami in Cayucos, California." DigitalCommons@CalPoly, 2015. https://digitalcommons.calpoly.edu/theses/1433.
Full textMendes, Pablo Bettio. "Análise comparativa de elementos de bioengenharia no controle do processo erosivo de um talude de alta inclinação em um curto período de tempo." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/157282.
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A erosão dos solos é fenômeno natural que ocorre tanto em áreas rurais como urbanas, atuando através da remoção e arraste de material, tendo consequências muito sérias ocasionando diversas perdas financeiras e até de vidas humanas. A necessidade de conter ou controlar esse processo de degradação inspirou o desenvolvimento de várias tecnologias ligadas à área de bioengenharia. Duas delas, biomanta e hidrossemeadura, são atualmente vendidas separadamente no mercado provavelmente por razões comerciais, mas possuem o potencial de ser trabalhadas de maneira integrada. O objetivo do presente trabalho foi testar a eficácia do uso integrado de duas técnicas de controle de erosão causada pela água em encostas e taludes: biomanta e hidrossemeadura. O trabalho foi realizado no município de Sorocaba em um talude com forte pendente disponibilizado dentro do Campus da Faculdade de Tecnologia (FATEC). Foram usados materiais de baixo custo, além do uso de rejeitos de material proveniente de cortes de vegetação de baixo porte que muitas vezes não tem um destino adequado. Para tanto foram construídas oito parcelas retangulares de aproximadamente seis metros de extensão por um metro de largura. Duas destas parcelas foram mantidas continuamente descobertas (condição controle de terreno natural) e as outras seis foram cobertas / protegidas com mantas biodegradáveis, sementes ou sistema integrado de palha e sementes. Ao todo foram construídos quatro pares, cada um deles com uma técnica diferente de combate a erosão. Durante a pesquisa, foram avaliadas e quantificadas as mudas das espécies que germinaram, também foi medido o volume de chuva durante o período. Sem prejuízo, fez-se, também, a quantificação do volume do material erodido (sedimento) em cada tipo de recobrimento após cada evento de chuva.
Soil erosion is a natural phenomenon that occurs in rural and urban areas, acting through the removal and dragging of material, with very serious consequences causing several losses including human lifes. The need to contain or control this degradation process has inspired the development of several technological alternatives linked to the area of bioengineering. Two of them are currently sold separately on the market, probably for commercial reasons, but have the potential to be worked on in an integrated fashion. The aim of the present work is to test the effectiveness of two techniques integrated to avoid erosion caused by water on slopes used together: bio-blanket and hydroseeding. The work was carried out in Sorocaba in a slope with strong inclination made available within the Campus of the Faculdade de Tecnologia (FATEC). For the work, low cost materials were used as the litter usually coming from the tailings, vegetation cuts that often did not have an adequate destination. For this, eight rectangular plots of approximately six meters in length by a meter of width each were constructed. Two of these plots were kept continuously discovered (natural land control condition) and the other six were covered / protected with biodegradable blanket, seeds or integrated straw and seed system. Altogether there are four pairs compared, each with a different solution from the each other. During the research, the seedlings of the species that germinated were evaluated and quantified. The volume of rain was quantified and also the volume of the eroded material (sediment) in each type of cover were also measured right after every rain event
Demes, Fernanda Oliveira Cavalcante. "Acompanhamento da implantaÃÃo das medidas mitigadoras propostas para a recuperaÃÃo das Ãreas degradadas na execuÃÃo dos aÃudes pÃblicos Aracoiaba e SÃtios Novos, no Estado do CearÃ." Universidade Federal do CearÃ, 2013. http://www.teses.ufc.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=11356.
Full textExploitation of borrow areas to obtain materials for civil works has resulted in environmental degradation , often with serious impacts on physical and biotic environment . Thus , the environmental impacts of borrow areas should be identified , to be proposed and implemented measures aimed at their recovery . In this study, we sought to assess the effectiveness of mitigation measures proposed in the environmental impact studies and public dams Aracoiaba Novos , in the state of Cearà , for the recovery of degraded areas for obtaining feedstock for its civil works . The research began with a survey of the EIS / EIR for Public and Sites New Dams Aracoiaba , with emphasis on the analysis of the impacts identified as possible to occur in the areas of loan of two developments . Were also raised proposals for the rehabilitation of the two reservoirs loans mitigation measures . From field research was conducted survey of mitigation measures effectively implemented for the rehabilitation of loan. The survey allowed for a comparative study between the proposed measures and effectively implemented in the areas of borrowing of the two dams . It was observed that several proposed measures were not implemented , mainly in the areas of loan Novos Dam, resulting in the existence of yet degraded areas needing recovery . At the end, we propose the adoption of actions to mitigate environmental degradation resulting from the two dams in their lending areas.
Rack, Mireille. "Sustainability assessment of biochar : evaluating the potential environmental, economic and social impacts of the production and application of biochar in Europe as an option for climate change mitigation." Thesis, Imperial College London, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/58339.
Full textGuo, Yafei [Verfasser], Karl-Hermann [Akademischer Betreuer] Mühling, and Klaus [Gutachter] Dittert. "Mitigation of carbon dioxide and nitrous oxide emissions from soil : Elucidating the impacts of nitrification inhibitors, environmental factors, soil characteristics and biogas residues acidification / Yafei Guo ; Gutachter: Klaus Dittert ; Betreuer: Karl-Hermann Mühling." Kiel : Universitätsbibliothek Kiel, 2021. http://d-nb.info/1237685613/34.
Full textGirardet, Xavier. "Paysage & [et] infrastructures de transport : modélisation des impacts des infrastructures sur les réseaux écologiques." Phd thesis, Université de Franche-Comté, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01069242.
Full textWoo, Lai-yan. "Appraisal of the implementation of ecological mitigation measures in Hong Kong /." Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 2000. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B22264218.
Full textMorrison, Rachel. "Biodiversity offsetting and environmental impact assessment : a critical analysis of the use of environmental impact assessment as a vehicle for the operationalisation of biodiversity offsetting." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2017. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/biodiversity-offsetting-and-environmental-impact-assessment-a-critical-analysis-of-the-use-of-environmental-impact-assessment-as-a-vehicle-for-the-operationalisation-of-biodiversity-offsetting(f0104f48-14a3-4c2c-984e-4e98e2636eda).html.
Full textRoman, Maína. "Avaliação de impactos ambientais de rodovias: análise de projetos de ampliação da capacidade rodoviária e proposição de diretrizes para o licenciamento ambiental." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/151321.
Full textThis study discusses the environmental impact assessment of highways projects in the context of project licensing. Constructing highways create many environmental impacts and, nowadays, there are still flaws in environmental management of these projects, including the little importance given to environmental aspects in project planning, low quality of environmental impact statements, difficulties in impact prediction and mitigation design, common shortfalls in the project licensing process and, lastly, deficient environmental monitoring. In this context, this study aims to propose guidelines and procedures to improve the project licensing process, based on the analysis of different highways projects under government permitting process, located in southern Brazil. The following highways projects were selected: BR 285 (Timbé do Sul/SC – São José dos Ausentes/RS) and BR 386 (Tabaí/RS – Estrela/RS). The study was based on qualitative research with theoretical and documentary review. At the end of analysis, the proposals were focused on preventive and mitigating measures, considering installation and operation stages of highways projects, in addition to the main issues and statements to be considered in the licensing process, according to the different types of highways projects: paving, implementation and duplication. Some guidelines for the support project licensing were presented, as well as guidelines for the most appropriate environmental programs to be applied along different stages of the projects and to different types of highways projects. The study was completed with basic guidelines for environmental impact assessment and for project licensing of highways projects. Suggestions for project licensing: electronic processing, licensing processes in three phases with possibility of fusing into two or one, creation of standards for constraints imposed in the environmental permit, popular participation in all stages of the process, dissemination of positive impacts and best practices adopted, discussion with government agencies in highway planning moment, mandatory requirement of environmental supervision team throughout the construction phase. Suggestions for environmental impact assessment: creation of a national and shared database with environmental information from already licensed projects, development of environmental impact assessment guideline, with clear rules for the preparation of environmental impact statements, preparation of manuals on issues related to licensing with the possibility of standardization of methodologies and techniques, creation of methodological script with criteria for evaluation of studies by staff members at government agencies in charge of the licensing process, scoping on issues associated with the project (that truly matter), and mandatory requirement of a control program to run during the stoppage of works.
Woo, Lai-yan, and 胡麗恩. "Appraisal of the implementation of ecological mitigation measures in Hong Kong." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2000. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31254809.
Full textChaturvedi, Swati 1976. "Strategies for mitigating adverse environmental impacts due to structural building materials." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/17910.
Full textIncludes bibliographical references (leaves 90-93).
This thesis assesses the problem of adverse environmental impacts due to the use of Portland cement and structural steel in the construction industry. The thesis outlines three technology and policy strategies to mitigate these impacts: 1. Reduce consumption; 2. Select materials to minimize impacts; and 3. Explore alternative new materials that have lesser impacts. The main findings and recommendations in each of these areas are as follows: Reduce Consumption: While absolute consumption of materials will grow with a growing population, recycling and reuse of structural members can reduce use of virgin material. Since recycling is already widely practiced, reuse of structural members is the primary means of further reducing consumption. Barriers to reuse can be eliminated by establishing design standards and regulations for reuse of structural sections, and creating functioning markets for re-useable sections. Select materials to minimize impacts: While designers are keen to select materials with minimum impacts, they do not have appropriate education or tools for the purpose. Standardization and simplification of Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) tools, and education of designers are identified as the main areas for improvement. The main recommendations are: i) standardize LCA tools; reduce the number of impact categories, make the categories understandable and incorporate uncertainty data and ii) establish programs for educating designers about materials selection tools. Alternative new materials: New materials with lesser impacts need to be explored. The main recommendations in this area are: i) conduct life cycle assessments of new materials to determine environmental credentials over their lifetime and
(cont.) ii) establish appropriate policies enabling market adoption of alternative new technologies. The life cycle assessment of magnesia cement (a mix of cement containing reactive magnesium oxide) is carried out. The assessment concludes that magnesia cements could be a more environmentally friendly alternative than ordinary Portland cement. In summary, this thesis shows that the current consumption trends are not sustainable. The large volumes of construction materials consumed annually may lead to irreversible changes in the natural environment. Alternatives to current practices urgently need to be found.
by Swati Chaturvedi.
S.M.
De, Oliveira Silva Rafael. "Modelling sustainable intensification in Brazilian agriculture." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/28821.
Full textHuhmann, Brittany Lynn. "Mitigating the impacts of arsenic on human health and rice yield in Bangladesh." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/120601.
Full textThis electronic version was submitted by the student author. The certified thesis is available in the Institute Archives and Special Collections.
Cataloged from student-submitted PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references.
Naturally-occurring groundwater arsenic can threaten human health and food security. In Bangladesh, >50 million people are estimated to have chronically consumed water with arsenic above the World Health Organization (WHO) guideline of 10 μg/L, which can contribute to cancer, cardiovascular disease, and reproductive and developmental effects. Studies relating arsenic exposure to health impacts generally estimate dose based on participants' primary household wells. Using a mass-balance for arsenic and water, we estimate that participants in Araihazar, Bangladesh obtain 37±8% of their water from primary household wells and 31±14% from other wells, and we thus recommend the inclusion of other wells in dose estimation. Concentrations of arsenic in well water are spatially variable, enabling many exposed households to switch to nearby lower-arsenic wells in response to area-wide well testing. Following well testing and education in Araihazar, arsenic exposure declined and remained lowered for at least eight years. Participants with arsenic-unsafe wells were 6.8 times more likely to switch wells over the first two years and 1.4-1.8 times more likely to switch wells over the ensuing decade. Rice comprises more than 70% of calories consumed in Bangladesh, and rice yield is negatively impacted by the buildup of arsenic in soil from irrigation with high-arsenic water. We investigated the effect of soil arsenic on yield using a controlled study design where we exchanged the top 15 cm of soil between high-arsenic and low-arsenic plots. Differences in yield were negatively correlated to differences in soil arsenic between adjacent soil replacement and control plots, suggesting that boro rice yield countrywide may be diminished by 7-26% due to arsenic in soil. Soil testing and removal of high-arsenic soil may enable farmers to mitigate the impacts of arsenic on rice. Twelve measurements made with the ITS Econo-Quick field kit could be used to estimate whether soil arsenic was above or below a 30 mg/kg intervention threshold with 80-90% accuracy. A soil inversion, where deep low-arsenic soil was exchanged with surface high-arsenic soil, decreased soil arsenic, organic carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus concentrations by about 40% in the top 20 cm of soil and improved rice yield by 15-30%.
by Brittany Lynn Huhmann.
Ph. D. in Environmental Engineering
Porciuncula, Luciana. "Identificação e avaliação de impactos ambientais associados a aterros sanitários." Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 2014. http://repositorio.ufsm.br/handle/1/4715.
Full textEste estudo foi desenvolvido com o objetivo de identificar e avaliar os impactos ambientais associados à construção de Aterros Sanitários Municipais, de conformidade com as normas técnicas. A pesquisa classifica-se como qualitativa, com a realização de análise documental, pesquisa bibliográfica e de levantamento. Foram avaliados os impactos ambientais associados às principais atividades relacionadas a Aterros Sanitários Municipais, propostas por Sánchez (2008), utilizando-se de uma Matriz de Interação e do método Ad hoc . Com os dados gerados, foram identificadas as atividades dos Aterros Sanitários de maior potencial impactante sob o aspecto negativo, para então, com o emprego de Redes de Interação, serem averiguados os prováveis impactos ambientais negativos em cadeia, bem como, propostas medidas mitigadoras a estes impactos. A atividade que mais apresentou impactos de caráter negativo sobre os compartimentos ambientais foi a Implantação do canteiro de obras, seguida da atividade de Remoção da vegetação. Ambas as atividades fazem parte da fase de Implantação: Atividades preparatórias de um Aterro Sanitário, confirmando o resultado obtido na avaliação de impactos ambientais da Matriz de Interação, onde esta fase apresentou a maior possibilidade de impactos ambientais negativos sobre os compartimentos ambientais. Para todos os prováveis impactos ambientais negativos foram elencadas, pelo menos, uma medida mitigadora, sendo que as mais recorrentes foram a Implantação da cortina vegetal, o Plantio de gramíneas e bermas nos taludes, o Recobrimento do lixo com terra e, a Instalação de sistemas de drenagem e manta impermeável. Este estudo serve como ferramenta para os gestores públicos municipais, especialmente pela importância de se implantar as medidas mitigadoras que foram propostas, atendendo aos impactos ambientais negativos.
Luce, Malivaï. "Mitigating road work disruptions on bus service : a framework for passenger impact evaluation." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/111436.
Full textCataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 165-166).
Road works are increasingly disrupting the operations on London's TfL bus network, increasing running times, running time variability, and headways. Operators manage disruptions by short-turning more often, making passengers have longer and less reliable journeys. Mitigation strategies are put in place to limit the impact of these disruptions, such as by increasing scheduled headways or fleet size, systematically curtailing trips, or diverting the route to avoid traffic around the construction site. These mitigation strategies can themselves impact passengers. This research introduces a framework to analyze and evaluate the potential impacts of disruptions and mitigation strategies on bus passenger demand, utilizing automatically collected data. A post-hoc analysis of road work impacts highlights the need to examine the impacts of road works on different origin-destination market segments within the impacted bus routes. Changes in performance measures are difficult to explain without accounting for exogenous factors, suggesting that it would be challenging to develop a credible model for predicting route performance metrics. A framework is developed to model and predict the demand response to bus route service changes. A methodology to evaluate mitigation strategies is presented, and an itinerary choice model is developed and calibrated on data covering the entire TfL network. A pilot implementation is built as a web application with interactive maps and dashboards. The framework is tested by studying past road works on a bus route in London. The mitigation strategy that was actually applied is evaluated with the model, and the performance estimates are compared to historical data, validating the framework and identifying ways in which the model could be improved. The benefits of using the framework to compare potential service changes are illustrated by evaluating two alternative mitigation proposals for the case study. The visualization tool enables a quick analysis of critical zones for passengers, which guides strategy design, and performance metrics structure the evaluation of service change proposals.
by Malivaï Luce.
S.M. in Transportation
LLorach, Massana Pere. "Mitigating the environmental impacts of Urban Agriculture: innovative materials, GHG emissions analysis and new by-products." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/405303.
Full textLa agricultura urbana (AU) consiste en el desarrollo de actividades agrícolas dentro y en los extrarradios de las ciudades. En la actualidad, estas prácticas están creciendo para hacer frente al crecimiento de la población (tanto en las zonas urbanas como a nivel planetario), reducir las consecuencias ambientales de proporcionar alimentos a las ciudades y aumentar su autosuficiencia alimentaria. Uno de los espacios libres con gran disponibilidad, y de interés para las practicantes de la AU, son las cubiertas de los edificios. Las cubiertas de las naves industriales podrían ser de interés para la instalación de cultivos intensivos con fines comerciales, como son los invernaderos en cubierta. Los invernaderos en cuberita pueden ser conectados con el edificio sobre el cual están instalados, con la finalidad de generar un intercambio de flujos (agua, energía y CO2) entre los dos sistemas. Estas estrategias pueden ser de gran interés para mitigar los impactos ambientales de los invernaderos en cubierta, principalmente debido a la reducción de las distancias de transporte de los alimentos, la atenuación de las pérdidas de alimentos durante su transporte y la reutilización del packaging para el transporte. Sin embargo, no se han detectado mejoras ambientales en el resto de las etapas de ciclo de vida. La presente tesis pretende cubrir este vacio a través de intentar dar respuesta a las siguientes preguntas: • ¿Puede un sistema pasivo hecho con materiales de cambio de fase substituir los sistemas convencionales de calefacción agrícolas y reducir la huella de carbono de los invernaderos en cubierta? • ¿Puede el aire residual de los edificios ser utilizado para el enriquecimiento carbónico de los invernaderos en cubierta? • ¿Es posible mejorar la precisión del cálculo de la huella de carbono de los invernaderos en cubierta? • ¿Es la creación de subproductos, a partir de residuos agrícolas, una estrategia para fijar el CO2 capturado por los cultivos de los invernaderos en cubierta? La principal metodología de investigación aplicada es el análisis de ciclo de vida (ACV). Además, otros materiales y métodos fueron utilizados según los requerimientos de las líneas de investigación; por ejemplo: un sistema de cámara abierta; anemómetros; piranómetros; sensores de CO2 y de temperatura; o cromatógrafos de gases y líquidos. Los resultados obtenidos muestran que la creación de subproductos, con residuos de la AU, podría ser la estrategia estudiada con una mayor viabilidad para minimizar los impactos ambientales de los invernaderos en cubierta. El uso de residuos agrícolas para producir subproductos evita la gestión final de estos residuos. Asimismo, los subproductos obtenidos tienen un gran potencial para fijar las emisiones de CO2 capturadas por los cultivos de la AU. Los materiales de cambio de fase, en cambio, no podrán ayudar a minimizar los impactos ambientales de los sistemas de calefacción agrícolas actuales hasta que su precio e impactos ambientales, generados durante su producción, se reduzcan. Gracias a las elevadas concentraciones de CO2 de los espacios cerrados de las viviendas y edificios de oficinas, el aire residual de estos inmuebles podría ser inyectado dentro de los invernaderos en cubierta para enriquecer con carbono los cultivos. Finalmente, a día de hoy y de acuerdo con la investigación realizada, la huella de carbono de los invernaderos en cubierta podría no haber sido calculada con precisión. El uso de factores de emisiones de nitrógeno no específicos, para calcular las emisiones de N2O de los cultivos realizados en invernaderos en cubierta, podría haber causado una sobreestimación del 7.5% de la huella de carbono calculada. En futuras investigaciones, podría ser de gran interés profundizar con más detalle las líneas de investigación iniciadas y empezar nuevas investigaciones sobre otros aspectos metodológicos detectados, todavía pendientes de estudio.
Urban agriculture (UA) consist of farming operations taking place in and around cities. At present, these practices are growing all around the world to face the increasing world and urban population, reduce the environmental implications of feeding urban areas and increase food self-sufficiency in cities. An interesting vacant space for UA practitioners is the roof of buildings. The roof of industrial buildings may be of great interest for the installation of intensive crops for commercial purposes, such as rooftop greenhouse (RTGs). RTGs can be connected with the building they are placed on to exchange water, heat or CO2 flows. These types of RTGs are named integrated RTGs (i-RTGs). i-RTGs, for example, can use the rainwater harvested by the building to irrigate crops, take advantage of the thermal inertia of the building to warm crops without using heating systems or use the residual air of the building, with high CO2 concentration due to human respiration or other processes, to increase the CO2 concentration of crops. These strategies are of great interest to mitigate the environmental burdens of i-RTGs. In comparison with conventional decentralized agriculture, previous studies show that i-RTGs could reduce the environmental implications of feeding cities. Benefits are mainly obtained due to reduced food transportation distances, minimized food losses during transportation and improved packaging logistics which allows its reutilization. However, no advantages were detected for the other life cycle stages; therefore, further research is still lacking in this area. This doctoral thesis aims to fill this gap by addressing the following research questions: • Can passive systems made with phase change materials (PCMs) replace conventional heating in greenhouses and reduce the carbon footprint of i-RTGs? • Can the residual air of a building be used for CO2 enrichment in i-RTGs? • Could the GHG emissions of i-RTGs be calculated with more accuracy? • Is the creation of new by-products, with UA wastes, a strategy to sink the CO2 emissions captured by crops grown in i-RTGs? Life cycle assessment (LCA) was the main method used to answer these questions. In addition, other specific methods and materials (i.e.; open chamber system, pyranometers; anemometers; temperature sensors; CO2 sensors and gas or liquids chromatography) were used according to the requirements of each specific research line. The results evidence that the creation of by-products with UA wastes could be the strategy studied with the higher feasibility to reduce the environmental implications of i-RTGs. When waste biomass generated in i-RTGs is used to produce new by-products, biomass waste management is avoided. Moreover, the new by-products obtained have the potential to fix the CO2 emissions captured by crops, for a long time. The use of PCMs to reduce the energy consumption of conventional heating systems in greenhouses and i-RTGs will not be of interest until PCMs prices go down and the efficiency of its production increases. However, due to the high CO2 concentration in household and office buildings, the residual air from their ventilation systems could be used for the carbon enrichment of i-RTGs. Finally, according to research done, the carbon footprint of i-RTGs has not been calculated with accuracy until today. The application of non-specific nitrogen emission factors to calculate the direct N2O emissions in crops grown in i-RTGs could have caused the overestimation of their carbon footprint by 7.5%. In the near future, further research would be of interest to address in more detail the new topics studied during this dissertation and develop research on other methodological aspects detected.
Marshall, Ross. "The concept and role of mitigation in environmental impact assessment, with particular reference to Scottish legislation and practice." Thesis, University of Strathclyde, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.248735.
Full textSvensson, Vironica. "The apparel industry’s environmental impact, mitigation and adaptation to climate change : A case study of three Swedish companies." Thesis, KTH, Hållbar utveckling, miljövetenskap och teknik, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-272226.
Full textWesterström, Ylva. "Kvalitetsgranskning av skadeförebyggande åtgärdsförslag i miljökonsekvensbeskrivningar." Thesis, Karlstads universitet, Fakulteten för samhälls- och livsvetenskaper, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kau:diva-7482.
Full textIn an environmental impact assessment, EIA there must be a description of planned measures to avoid, minimize and repair consequences that are damaging, when a project is presumed to bring significant environmental impact. Since detecting serious lack of failure for mitigation measures in science rapports abroad, it was interesting to investigate the quality for mitigation measures for some Swedish EIA. The weakness and strengths in mitigation measures in 6 EIA for 2 ground cable structure in Sweden was examined. The method for this study was two case studies that was compared against each other and analysed with theories. The results showed that the quality of the test material was considered good, comparatively to the research that demonstrated the lack of proposals for action abroad. It was well described measures in which the identification and implementation of mitigation measures were made at an early stage, according to Mitchell's mitigation hierarchy. However, there were deficiencies that were consistent with the mentioned research in this paper: Opaque in the description of how a particular environmental aspect would be addressed and the lack of action for this particular environmental aspect, was a major deviation from the otherwise well described action proposals for significant environmental effects in this study. Opaque if the measures were just proposals or if they would be used, where the shortage was most serious for an EIA would be effective. This serious deficiency was common for the environmental impact assessments in the present study and that research reports in the paper.
Amoako-Attah, Jospeh. "Impact of climate change on newly detached residential buildings in the UK passive mitigation and adaptation strategies." Thesis, University of West London, 2015. https://repository.uwl.ac.uk/id/eprint/1475/.
Full textThomas, Nicholas Wayne. "Simulating the hydrologic impact of distributed flood mitigation practices, tile drainage, and terraces in an agricultural catchment." Diss., University of Iowa, 2015. https://ir.uiowa.edu/etd/2017.
Full textNg, Cheuk-kin Jacky, and 伍焯健. "A review of mitigation methods to reduce the impact on the marine environment by underwater works: a case studyof submersible cable laying." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2004. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31255954.
Full textMcMaine, John T. "HYDROLOGIC CHARACTERIZATION OF A RAIN GARDEN MITIGATING STORMWATER RUNOFF FROM A COMMERCIAL AREA." UKnowledge, 2013. http://uknowledge.uky.edu/bae_etds/19.
Full textRodionova, Tatiana. "Engaging on corporate social responsibility : the impact of FTSE4Good on environmental management, countering bribery and mitigating climate change." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/9768.
Full textPatterson, Tai Zachary. "Freight shipper mode choice in the Quebec City-Windsor Corridor and its impact on carbon dioxide emissions." Thesis, McGill University, 2007. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=102823.
Full textThis thesis provides background on the freight transportation-GHG nexus in Canada and describes the development, implementation, reasoning behind, and results of, a Stated Preference shipper carrier choice survey for the Quebec City - Windsor corridor conducted during the fall of 2005. It then describes how the resulting carrier choice models are used to estimate the potential to displace truck traffic to rail (premium-intermodal) under current conditions, as well as to test the effectiveness of different possible future policy or service offering scenarios.
The results show that premium-intermodal has the potential to capture a substantial share of traffic between the main destinations in the Quebec City - Windsor Corridor. However, its ability to contribute significantly to reducing CO2 emissions is limited. According to the analyses conducted, potential reductions are considered to be in the range of nil to 0.413 Mt---a fraction of what the federal government was hoping to be able to achieve through "further public-private collaboration to promote the use of intermodal freight opportunities and to increase the use of low-emission vehicles and modes" (Government of Canada 2002).
At the same time, these potential reductions are based on a small proportion of total truck-related emissions and a few city-pairs. Extension of the current analysis to more city-pairs separated by longer distances might arrive at different conclusions.
Toros, Tulu. "Restorative urban design: toward a design method for mitigating human impacts on the natural environment through urban re/development." Diss., Kansas State University, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/18809.
Full textDepartment of Environmental Design & Planning Program
Lee R. Skabelund
The Restorative Urban Design (RUD) calls for a new urban design and planning approach targeting environmentally responsible re/development of urbanized areas through ecologically responsive impact mitigations. If implemented in a systematic manner, such re/developments can help move urban areas toward the successful restoration of the natural environment of which they are an inseparable part. The RUD model advocates more rigorous assessment and mitigation of urban impacts by carefully evaluating the environmental performance of urban re/developments within five primary dimensions: Atmosphere (emissions, pollutants, ozone depletion); Hydrosphere (stormwater, domestic water, wastewater); Lithosphere (land use, land cover, food and wastes); Ecology (habitat resilience, biodiversity, population and resources); and Energy (renewability, reduction and efficiency, transportation). The model relies on a scenario-comparison process in order to evaluate and optimize the performance of urban re/development projections through four critical scenarios, which are respectively: 1) Natural Baseline (NBASE); 2) Historic Progression (HPROG); 3) Trajectory Forecast (TFORE); and 4) Restorative Projection (RPROJ). The RUD Case Study illustrates how the principles and strategies of Restorative Urban Design can be applied specifically to a typical (densely developed) urban area, namely River North District in Chicago Metropolitan Area. The case study focuses exclusively on mitigation of a single critical human impact on the natural environment: Anthropogenic CO₂ Emissions. The case study focuses on the design assumptions by which the restorative urban re/development scenarios might exceed beyond the full mitigation of emissions into the global remediation by 2040. The restorative projections illustrate that only a certain portion of emissions can be effectively mitigated onsite (5 to 55%), and that the remainder of projected emissions (45 to 95%) need to be mitigated offsite in order to achieve the necessary sequestration and storage. The restorative research suggests that the mitigation of major human impacts on the natural environment – not only CO₂ emissions but also other major impacts – are likely to require significant urban transformations. Moving beyond the strategies of preservation and/or conservation, the restorative approach asserts that comprehensive environmental restoration is achievable if urban impacts are adequately estimated and then entirely mitigated onsite as well as offsite through a systematic process of urban re/development.
Kuzma, Daniel J. "Impact of Recycled Fiber on Total Carbon Dioxide Output During Linerboard Production." Connect to resource online, 2008. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ysu1210097844.
Full textDietrich, Anthony Thomas. "Estimation of stormwater runoff mitigation in Lucas County, Ohio using SWMM modeling and GIS analysis." University of Toledo / OhioLINK, 2015. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=toledo1438906673.
Full textLy, Thuy M. "Arsenic Contamination in Groundwater in Vietnam: An Overview and Analysis of the Historical, Cultural, Economic, and Political Parameters in the Success of Various Mitigation Options." Scholarship @ Claremont, 2012. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/pomona_theses/41.
Full textLehnert, Mark E. "Mule Deer Highway Mortality in Northeastern Utah: An Analysis of Population-Level Impacts and a New Mitigative System." DigitalCommons@USU, 1996. https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd/6476.
Full textLancaster, Cory Deyne. "A low impact development method for mitigating highway stormwater runoff, using natural roadside environments for metals retention and infiltration." Online access for everyone, 2005. http://www.dissertations.wsu.edu/Thesis/Summer2005/c%5Flancaster%5F072105.pdf.
Full textGaspar, Ana Teresa Ferreira da Silva 1977. "Modelagem tecnico-economica de sequestro de CO2 considerando injeção em campos maduros." [s.n.], 2007. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/265392.
Full textTese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Mecanica e Instituto de Geociencias
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Resumo: Esta tese apresenta um estudo da viabilidade técnica e econômica da Recuperação Avançada de Óleo (EOR) em um pequeno projeto localizado em um campo maduro no Brasil. O estudo considera duas motivações importantes e complementares: (1) a recuperação avançada de óleo por meio da injeção de CO2 - o gás desloca o óleo residual deixado no local após a produção primária e injeção secundária de água (waterflooding); (2) o armazenamento deste gás no reservatório de óleo e, conseqüente contribuição para a mitigação de emissões de CO2. Os aspectos físicos deste projeto são descritos e um modelo de simulação dinâmica foi desenvolvido para modelar o comportamento do sistema seqüestro de CO2 - EOR ao longo do tempo. Este modelo leva em conta os requisitos de energia para todo o processo de seqüestro de CO2 e suas respectivas emissões inerentes ao processo. Adicionalmente, uma metodologia é proposta para estimar os principais determinantes financeiros do projeto de seqüestro de CO2 (custos de compra do CO2, compressão, transporte e armazenamento) por meio de EOR. A avaliação do projeto é derivada de um modelo de fluxo de caixa, levando-se em conta o perfil de produção do reservatório, preço, custos de capital (CAPEX), custos operacionais (OPEX), créditos de CO2, depreciação, premissas fiscais etc. Um estudo de análise de sensibilidade é realizado para identificar as variáveis mais críticas. A viabilidade econômica do projeto, como esperado, é muito sensível ao preço do óleo, produção de óleo e CAPEX. Além disso, há a contribuição para a mitigação do gás de efeito estufa (GEE), armazenando uma quantidade significativa de CO2 no reservatório onde pode permanecer por milhares de anos.
Abstract: This thesis presents a technical and economic feasibility study for CO2 EOR in a small project located in a mature oilfield in Brazil. The present study considers two important and complementary motivations: (1) EOR - CO2 displaces residual oil left in place after primary production and secondary water flooding; (2) storage of this gas in the oil reservoir and hence, contributing to mitigate CO2 emissions. The physical aspects of this project are described and a dynamic simulation model has been developed in order to model the behavior of the CO2 Sequestration - EOR system and its emissions due to the process over time. This model takes into account the energy requirements for the whole CO2 sequestration process. Additionally, a breakdown cost methodology is proposed in order to estimate the main financial determinants of the integrated EOR with CO2 sequestration (costs of CO2 purchase, compression, transportation and storage). Project evaluation is derived from a cash flow model, regarding reservoir production profile, price and costs, capital expenditures (CAPEX), operating expenditures (OPEX), carbon credits, depreciation time, fiscal assumptions etc. A sensitivity analysis study is carried out in order to identify the most critical variables. Project feasibility, as expected, is found to be very sensitive to oil price, oil production, and CAPEX. Moreover, there is the contribution from the mitigation of the Green House Gas (GHG) by storing a significant amount of CO2 in the reservoir where it can remain for thousands of years.
Doutorado
Reservatórios e Gestão
Doutor em Ciências e Engenharia de Petróleo
Hein, Maria. "The carbon footprint caused by the oversizing of building service systems : A case study of an NHS Hospital." Thesis, KTH, Hållbar utveckling, miljövetenskap och teknik, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-281540.
Full textByggnaders energianvändning är en markant bidragande faktor till koldioxidutsläppen, och för att EU ska kunna nå målet att vara klimatneutral år 2050 finns det ett stort behov av att förbättra energieffektiviteten i byggnader, särskilt kommersiella byggnader som ofta är väsentligt överdesignade. Överskottsmarginaler i designprocessen av byggnadstjänster resulterar i en överdimensionering, som har en enorm miljöpåverkan, vilken delas upp som det operativa och det inneslutna klimatavtrycket. Studiens syfte var att studera och modellera värme- och kylsystemet på ett sjukhus i södra England för att identifiera om systemet var överdimensionerat, och för att kvantifiera dess klimatavtryck. Sjukhusets kylsystem bedömdes vara potentiellt överdimensionerat och studiens fokus var därför på kylsystemet. Det inkluderade kylarna som ger kylning och de anknutna adiabatiska kylarna som ger värmebortförsel, samt de tillhörande pumparna. Klimatavtrycket för systemet kvantifierades, baserat på den operativa energianvändningen, den nuvarande koldioxidfaktorn för elnätet, miljöutvärderingar av enheter, observationer och antaganden, och dess kylkapacitet jämfördes med sjukhusets behov. Ett optimerat alternativ utvecklades genom analys av det nuvarande systemet och dess kapacitet, och behovet på platsen, samt baserat på lärdomarna i litteraturforskningen. Systemet var utformat för att bestå av mindre kylare och ett reducerat pumpsystem för att bättre matcha kylbehovet. Även det optimerade systemet modellerades, dess kapacitet jämfördes med behovet, och dess klimatavtryck kvantifierades. En framtida uppskattning av de två systemens klimatavtryck beräknades för år 2035, baserat på en prognostiserad koldioxidfaktor för elnätet. Systemens uppsättningar och klimatavtryck jämfördes för de nuvarande och framtida scenarierna, resultaten diskuterades sedan, även med avseende på mildringsstrategier som kan leda till en reducering av överdimensionering och minskad miljöpåverkan. Resultaten indikerar att den årliga skillnaden i klimatavtrycket för det nuvarande scenariot var cirka 539 ton koldioxidekvivalenter, vilket var 43% större än det optimerade systemets klimatavtryck. Medan den årliga skillnaden i klimatavtrycket för det framtida scenariot uppskattades till cirka 562 ton koldioxidekvivalenter, vilket var 752% större än det optimerade systemets klimatavtryck i en eventuell framtid. Detta visar på den stora miljöpåverkan som orsakas av överdimensionerade kylsystem. Det nuvarande systemets inneslutna klimatavtryck beräknades till 3.3% av det totala klimatavtrycket för det nuvarande scenariot, och 4.8% för det framtida scenariot. Medan det optimerade systemets inneslutna klimatavtryck för det nuvarande scenariot var 1.5%, och 8.6% för det framtida scenariot. Detta demonstrerar den stora andelen inneslutet klimatavtryck i det nuvarande systemet, jämfört med det optimerade systemet som är bättre anpassat för kylbehovet. Dessutom visar det som förväntat den ökade andelen inneslutet klimatavtryck för en produkts eller ett systems totala klimatavtryck i framtiden, eftersom båda systemens inneslutna klimatavtryck visade på en framtida ökning. Den framtida ökade andelen inneslutet klimatavtryck väcker behovet av att itu med denna växande faktor och göra den till en prioritering. Nyckeln till ett system med korrekt storlek, vars kapacitet möter behovet, bestämdes vara exakta beräkningar av kraven och frånvaron av överskottsmarginaler som saknar kvantifierbar motivering. Detta resulterar i en förbättrad miljöprestanda där systemet fungerar på sin optimala nivå. Berörda parters engagemang och inflytande genom en transparent designprocess med tydlig kommunikation, och incitament som ger ekonomiskt stöd till system av korrekt dimensionering, samt miljökonsekvensbedömningar av produkter, är några av de viktigaste faktorerna med stort inflytande på slutresultatet. Dessa element bedöms vara avgörande för att minska överskottet av klimatavtrycket som orsakas av en överdimensionering av byggnadstjänster.
Wilczynski, Martha O. "Recommendations for best management practices in the Juday Creek corridor : mitigating golf course development impact on brown trout habitat." Virtual Press, 1996. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/1033630.
Full textDepartment of Landscape Architecture
Rønsholdt, Nielsen Steffen. "Climate change mitigation and land use in developing countries : methodological framework for the assessment of the economic and environmental impact connected to land use activities in tropical forest areas : an Ecuadorian Amazon case study /." Roskilde : Department of Social Science, Roskilde University, 1998. http://www.rub.ruc.dk/epublisher/resume_climate%20change.pdf.
Full textTarabon, Simon. "La prise en compte des fonctionnalités écologiques dans l'aménagement des territoires et l'application de la séquence Éviter-Réduire-Compenser : De l'échelle projet à la planification Environmental impact assessment of development projects improved by merging species distribution and habitat connectivity modelling Integrating a landscape connectivity approach into mitigation hierarchy planning by anticipating urban dynamics. Landscape and Urban Planning Améliorer la prise en compte des fonctionnalités écologiques dans la séquence Éviter-Réduire-Compenser Maximizing habitat connectivity in the mitigation hierarchy. A case study on three terrestrial mammals in an urban environment The effects of climate warming and urbanised areas on the future distribution of Cortaderia selloana, pampas grass, in France." Thesis, Avignon, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020AVIG0720.
Full textOver the past decades, biodiversity erosion has speeded up and become a global environmental concern since. Anthropization has led to. The mitigation hierarchy (avoidance, reduction and offsetting of impacts) is a regulatory tool implemented in a context of habitat destruction and fragmentation, disrupting species’ life cycle. The objective is to achieve “no net loss” of biodiversity following urban development. Although biodiversity conservation regulations have recently better addressed ecosystem functioning, the mitigation hierarchy is still being implemented with little concern for the spatial configuration of ecosystems in the landscape. This thesis hypothesizes that the major difficulties encountered by stakeholders are, in part, methodological and technical. Situating our research at the knowledge-action interface, we propose a methodological framework based on several modeling approaches, to respond to the different scientific and operational challenges. This thesis joins forces with other scientific projects and stakeholders’ networks by exploring complementary axes. To this end, we first integrate spatio-temporal issues of biodiversity into overall mitigation hierarchy application, focusing on potential impacts and dimensioning at “territorial development project” scale through a case study on the new stadium in Lyon (Southern France). Combining species distributions models and spatial graphs improves habitat connectivity and therefore the design of the development projects. Next, we demonstrate the positive impacts on peri-urban habitat connectivity of pooling and anticipating offsets in the suburbs of Lyon. In the last part, we demonstrate the implications of an anticipated and planned approach to the mitigation hierarchy on a planning scale. We consider both ecological connectivity and urban dynamics, in an attempt to minimize the ecological impacts of urban sprawl by avoiding urbanization of areas of highest ecological value and then enhance the application of biodiversity offsetting. This method is tested on projections for the Toulouse conurbation (Southern France) by 2040. Thus, this thesis presents an overall approach that can help to increase habitat connectivity and to improve the design of territorial development projects at different spatial and temporal scales. This methodology is based on freeware available to all practitioners. It will serve planners, designers, and decision-makers needing to ensure that there are no significant or irreversible effects on biodiversity, and environmental authorities making sure that all environmental issues are taken into account in the design of development projects
Combe, Marius. "Instruments économiques et protection de la biodiversité : analyse juridique des mécanismes de compensation écologique et de paiements pour services environnementaux." Thesis, Lyon, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020LYSE3055.
Full textGathered under the term “economic instruments” – or market-base instruments -, mechanisms for ecological compensation and payments for environmental services have established themselves as the essential tool for the biodiversity and ecosystem protection policies. Built around a plurality of principles (polluter pays principle, beneficiary pays principle, etc.) and concepts (ecosystem services, natural capital, etc.) largely influenced by economical approaches of biodiversity and ecosystems, these two instruments characterize the oncoming of a new take on environmental policies. The study reveals the plurality of judicial links that unite ecological compensation and payments for environmental services. Sometimes close together, sometimes distinguishable, these mechanisms are, in fine, both sides of a same coin. The use of payments for environmental services, as ecological compensation, appears however as a preoccupying orientation, likely to deflect this instrument from its purpose. In spite of their theoretical virtues, the efficiency of ecological compensation mechanisms and payments for environmental services for the protection of biodiversity turns out to be questionable, justifying a reinforcement and more consistency in their legal framework
Fan, Hanlu. "The determinants and impacts of carbon assurance : an international study." Thesis, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/1959.7/uws:61278.
Full text