Dissertations / Theses: 'Environmental health Public opinion'

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Smith, Nicholas Anthony. "Development and Validation of the Workplace Mental Illness Stigma Scale (W-MISS)." PDXScholar, 2019. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/5011.

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Although 1 in 5 Americans will experience a mental illness at some point, each year people with mental illnesses continue to face high levels of stigmatization and discrimination at work. Recognizing this, many organizational researchers and practitioners have sought to improve workplaces for employees with mental illness through a variety of organizational interventions. Unfortunately, few interventions are thoroughly evaluated. One barrier to evaluating such interventions is the lack of a theoretically meaningful measure of workplace mental illness stigma. In this dissertation, I proposed to develop and evaluate such a measure (the W-MISS) based on Jones, Farina, Hastorf, Markus, Miller, and Scott's (1984) six-dimension stigma framework (i.e., concealability, course, disruptiveness, aesthetics, origin, and peril). To do so, I used Hinkin's (1998) approach: Phase 1) item generation was completed by 8 subject matter experts; Phase 2) content validity evidence was provided by 47 adults with management experience and 7 subject matter experts; Phase 3) exploratory factor analysis was conducted based on responses from 300 adults with management experience; Phase 4) confirmatory factor analysis was conducted based on responses from 200 adults with management experience; Phase 5) convergent and discriminant validity evidence was provided by 101 adults with management experience; and Phase 6) predictive validity evidence with regard to hiring discrimination was provided by 365 adults with management experience. Overall, the results supported the hypothesized factorial structure, convergent and discriminant validity, and predictive utility of the W-MISS. Findings provide empirical support for Jones et al.'s (1984) theoretical stigma framework in a workplace context for mental illness and represent the first comprehensive measure development drawing on these dimensions for any stigmatized identity in a workplace context. Further, results demonstrate the potential for scholarly and practical utility of such a measure.

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Cato, John Carson. "Environmental public policy: An analysis of public opinion and environmental legislation in North Carolina." ScholarWorks, 1995. http://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dilley/2.

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The research was designed to give additional insight into the public policy process. Specifically, the focus of the study was on environmental public policy and the assumed relationship between public opinion on environmental issues and environmental legislation. A secondary emphasis of the research was to review environmental quality and consider the environmental quality as a function of legislative and regulatory impact. The study was restricted to the state of North Carolina and used a public opinion survey, legislative record review, and environmental quality data as the primary indicators. The results of the study showed that (a) citizens in North Carolina have a high degree of concern and personal responsibility for environmental issues, (b) a significant volume of environmental legislation is introduced and ratified in the state's General Assembly, and (c) the state's environmental quality has improved or held its level of quality over the past 5 to 20 years. The conclusions and directions for future inquiry should be of benefit to students of the public policy process, politicians, regulatory agencies, and environmental advocacy groups. Public opinion on environmental issues appears to be reflected in the introduction and ratification of environmental legislation. The relationship between public opinion and environmental legislation has been examined and the impact of the environmental legislation analyzed from the perspective of the state's environmental resources.

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Weaver, Alicia A. "The impact of public opinion on environmental policy a cross-national investigation /." Columbus, Ohio : Ohio State University, 2007. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=osu1180102607.

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Jarvis, Hugh Eugene. "Public opinion and the introduction of congressional environmental legislation, 1973-2002." [Tampa, Fla] : University of South Florida, 2008. http://purl.fcla.edu/usf/dc/et/SFE0002747.

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Berglund, Eeva Kaarina. "Anxieties about nature and science : local environmental activism in a German town." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1995. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/273047.

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Muszynski, Richard J. "ETHNIC ATTITUDES TOWARD MENTAL HEALTH AND MENTAL ILLNESS (ASIANS, EUROPEANS, HISPANICS)." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/291700.

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The Ethnic Mental Illness (EMI) Scale, a questionnaire to discriminate European and Hispanic attitudes toward mental illness, was developed. Fifty-one college students of Hispanic ethnicity and 194 college students of European ethnicity completed a 150 item questionnaire measuring attitudes toward mental illness. A cross-validation sample of 50 Hispanic students and 194 European students ethnicity yielded 15 items that reliably differentiated the two groups. Based upon content, the 15 items were grouped into six categories: hopefulness, trust, biological aspects of mental illness, childhood origins, finances, and sex differences. Items which did not discriminate Hispanics and Europeans are described, as these items are possible indicators of common attitudes toward mental illness. A group of 66 Asian students also participated in the study. The items which differentiate Asians from Hispanics and Europeans are described. These items were not cross-validated.

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Gluth, Dale R. "Homophobia and mental health : how do counselors rate?" Virtual Press, 1993. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/864916.

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This study examined the relationship between the attitudes of counselors toward gays and lesbians and their ratings of this population, as compared to the heterosexual population, in terms of mental health. Participants (N=92) were masters and doctoral level graduate students at a midsized midwestern university. Counselors who were more prejudiced toward gay and lesbian targets rated them as less mentally healthy than heterosexual targets. Counselors who were less homophobic did not differ significantly from more homophobic participants in terms of their ratings of mental health. The implications and limitations of these findings are discussed, and future avenues of research are suggested.
Department of Counseling Psychology and Guidance Services

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Ferrell, Britany. "Alcohol policy and regulation: public opinion amongst young adults in Khayelitsha, South Africa." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/20856.

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South Africa has one of the highest rates of alcohol consumption in the world. It is important to study public opinion of alcohol regulatory policies as it plays a crucial role in the success of policy measures. There is a dearth of research on public opinion of alcohol policies in developing countries. This study is the first to explore public opinion of older and young adults on alcohol policy in South Africa. In addition, the drinking behavior of young adults was also investigated along with its relationship with policy support. Methods: The study sample consisted of 1728 young (n=513) and older adults (n=1215). Demographic details and opinion on 15 policy measures (Yes/No) were recorded for both groups. The survey of young adults included additional questions on drinking patterns. Univariate analysis of opinion on policy measures was performed for each group and compared using chi-square tests. Logistic regression was used to find the relationship between policy support levels and demographic factors and drinking behavior of young adults. Results: Complete data were recorded for 567 older adults and 402 younger adults. The majority of the participants (75-80 percent) agreed on restricted availability, increased pricing and greater enforcement measures. In contrast, only 65% of the participants were in favor of increased restrictions on alcohol marketing. Older adults were more supportive of earlier closing times of bars, a raise in minimum purchasing age, as well as an increase in pricing and taxes of alcohol (p<0.001). Females and employed participants were found to be more likely to support alcohol policy measures. Drinking patterns and behavior of young adults significantly predicted most policy measures after controlling for demographic factors. For example, policies on restricted alcohol availability, increase in taxes, and raids were supported by participants who reported that they mostly drank at big events. In contrast, these policies were opposed by those who drink alcohol every day and almost every day along with those who drink during street bashes Support for restrictions on the purchase age of alcohol was not predicted by drinking patterns of young adults Conclusion: It is important to increase the understanding and support of vulnerable groups, especially males and young adults, for policy measures. The relationship between drinking patterns and policy support levels indicates that regular tracking of drinking behavior is necessary for the success of these policies. The results support previous findings indicating that young people are more likely to resist alcohol regulations.

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Sutton, Michael. "Measuring environmental perceptions and sense of place in Franklin County, Florida." Muncie, Ind. : Ball State University, 2009. http://cardinalscholar.bsu.edu/445.

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Thierer, Karen R. "A study of community attitudes toward out-patient mental health facilities." Thesis, Kansas State University, 1986. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/9975.

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Baker, Timothy Alan. "Oregon Primary Care Physicians' Support for Health Care Reform." PDXScholar, 1994. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/4755.

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This dissertation studies Oregon primary care physicians' attitudes toward health care reform. Two models of reform are examined: one, health care rationing such as that proposed by the Oregon Health Plan (OHP); and, two, support for national health insurance (NHI). This work examines the necessity for changing the present health care system, traced from the early origins of the medical profession to the present day health care "crisis." The high cost of health care is examined and an overview of the OHP is provided, including citations from John Kitzhaber, M.D., author of the plan. Overall, Oregon primary care physicians overwhelmingly supported health care rationing policies. Just under 75 percent of the physicians expressed support for health care rationing policies such as that proposed by the Oregon Health Plan. However, just under 48 percent of the same physicians expressed support for national health insurance (NHI). Internal medicine physicians were most supportive of health care rationing policies and OB/GYN physicians were least supportive. Conversely, pediatricians were most supportive of NHI and OB/GYN physicians were least supportive. Regression analyses explained 11.5 percent of variation in support for health care rationing policies and 20.9 percent of their support for national health insurance (NHI). While strong support measures were found for health reform such as that proposed by the Oregon Health Plan (OHP), no similar measures of support for NHI emerged. Almost universal support for health care reform such as the OHP was found among primary care physicians across the state, however similar patterns were not found for NHI. It appears from the research's findings that attempts to change the health care system that include the physician's ability to ration care would be more successful than a more systematic change such as would occur under a national health insurance program. This dissertation points out that physicians represent strong supporting forces and/or opposing forces for health care reform. Their attitudes toward such reform must be considered if successful change is to occur in the U.S. health care system.

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Rothenstein, Rike. "Out of Sync: Is There a Mismatch Between the American Environmental Movement and Public Opinion?" University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2015. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1439308068.

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Sittig, Julia Brooke. "Solar Energy on Arizona Public Lands: Environmental Impacts and Stakeholder Perspectives." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/338759.

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With America’s recent needs for creating jobs, mitigating greenhouse gas emissions, and becoming "energy independent" from foreign nations, the large-scale deployment of solar energy projects has been proclaimed a solution for rapidly generating "clean" energy. Federal agencies have been mandated by law to expedite the siting of utility-scale solar energy projects (USSEPs) on public lands. In particular, the Bureau of Land Management (BLM) has focused on USSEP development by creating a national solar energy program as well as state-specific programs for encouraging USSEP development, and has thus far approved two USSEPs in Arizona. Although operational USSEPs do not emit greenhouse gases, they are not completely benign to the environment. USSEPs incur negative impacts on soils, vegetation, air quality, and other natural and cultural resources. Because USSEPs have the potential to mitigate climate change, yet incur other negative environmental impacts, the reaction of citizen stakeholders such as environmental advocates to public lands USSEP development has been mixed. Environmental advocate groups have both encouraged BLM to build USSEPs, and filed lawsuits discouraging project development. In light of the ability of environmental advocates to influence USSEP development, this study explored the complex opinions of members of environmental organizations, conservation groups, watershed initiatives, and solar industry professionals regarding USSEP development on Arizona public lands. Through a review of relevant literature, a content analysis of BLM environmental review documents, and the distribution and statistical analysis of an opinion survey, the study provides insight into the implications of the current BLM Arizona siting process and specific, up-to-date stakeholder perspectives. The results indicate that while BLM Arizona siting policies do attempt to address environmental concerns, significant concerns about the current USSEP siting process remain, and that environmental advocates' support for public lands USSEPs is lower than their support for renewable energy development in general. Stakeholders reported having low levels of three items: knowledge of current solar technologies, understanding of the current federal USSEP siting process, and confidence that the government will appropriately site solar energy projects. Addressing those items may alleviate tensions between stakeholders and public lands decision-makers, resulting in faster and more environmentally responsible USSEP siting.

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Cody, Emily. "Mathematical Modeling of Public Opinion using Traditional and Social Media." ScholarWorks @ UVM, 2016. http://scholarworks.uvm.edu/graddis/620.

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With the growth of the internet, data from text sources has become increasingly available to researchers in the form of online newspapers, journals, and blogs. This data presents a unique opportunity to analyze human opinions and behaviors without soliciting the public explicitly. In this research, I utilize newspaper articles and the social media service Twitter to infer self-reported public opinions and awareness of climate change. Climate change is one of the most important and heavily debated issues of our time, and analyzing large-scale text surrounding this issue reveals insights surrounding self-reported public opinion. First, I inquire about public discourse on both climate change and energy system vulnerability following two large hurricanes. I apply topic modeling techniques to a corpus of articles about each hurricane in order to determine how these topics were reported on in the post event news media. Next, I perform sentiment analysis on a large collection of data from Twitter using a previously developed tool called the "hedonometer". I use this sentiment scoring technique to investigate how the Twitter community reports feeling about climate change. Finally, I generalize the sentiment analysis technique to many other topics of global importance, and compare to more traditional public opinion polling methods. I determine that since traditional public opinion polls have limited reach and high associated costs, text data from Twitter may be the future of public opinion polling.

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Li, Ying. "Improving Public Health through Reducing Fine Particulate Matter Pollution." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2015. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/19.

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Sandeen, Peggy Jo Ann. "Public Opinion and the Oregon Death with Dignity Act." PDXScholar, 2013. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/1015.

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Oregon voters legalized physician-assisted death in 1997 by passing the Oregon Death with Dignity Act. This law allowed terminally ill, mentally competent adult residents of the state to legally obtain a physician's prescription to hasten death under narrow sets of circumstances. The purpose of this study was twofold: to examine contemporary patterns of support for the law in Oregon and to explore how opinions have changed over time on the issue. This study examined patterns of public support among a random sample of registered Oregon voters for the state's death with dignity law, using a mixed mode (mail, online, and phone) cross-sectional survey (n = 442). The findings indicate a pattern of growing support with potential Oregon voters split 80%-20% on the issue, a substantial increase from the 60%-40% approval margin at the ballot box in 1997. Various demographic variables, as well as attitudinal factors, were explored in building a binary logistic regression model predicting probability of support. Frequency of church attendance, views about physician participation in the process, and opinions about Death with Dignity as an individual right were significant predictors of support. Frequent churchgoers, regardless of denomination or religious tradition, were nearly five times more likely to oppose Death with Dignity than support it, holding all other variables constant. While the findings indicate a pattern of growth in support over the past 15 years, they indicate also a stability of opinion, with few individuals indicating they had changed their opinions about the issue since the first time they encountered it.

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Brookbank, Kathleen. "HIV : impact on community health nursing personnel." Virtual Press, 1992. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/834518.

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Olson-Hazboun, Shawn K. "Public Opinion on Renewable Energy: The Nexus of Climate, Politics, and Economy." DigitalCommons@USU, 2017. https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd/5860.

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Increased use of renewable energy sources in the generation of electricity isa crucial component of transitioning to a less polluting energy system in the United States. Technologies like solar photovoltaic cells and wind turbines are being deployed at a rapid rate around the country, which means that an increasing portion of the public is becoming aware of renewable energy systems. The construction of these new industrial facilities has resulted in a variety of public reactions, positive and negative. Citizen opposition has been widely observed toward a variety of renewable energy facilities, and citizen groups can influence policy-making at the national, state,and local levels. Further research is needed to understand under what circumstances the public may take oppositional stances. To examine this topic, I analyze public perceptions of renewable energy using three different datasets. First, I used data from a survey conducted in 2014 in five communities in Utah, Wyoming, and Idaho experiencing renewable energy development(n=906). This dataset allowed me to untangle what factors help explain both individual as well as community-level variation in support for renewable energy. Second, I employed nationally representative survey data (n=13, 322)collected from 2008 to 2015 to examine the influence of a number of factors hypothesized to shape individuals’ level of support for renewable energy policies including socio-demographic characteristics, political beliefs, belief in anthropogenic climate change, and nearby extractive industry activities. Last, I analyzed discourse about renewable energy in sixty-one semi-structured interviews with individuals representing various community sectors in three energy-producing rural communities in Utah. My research findings, on a whole, suggest that several place-based factors are significant in shaping public opinion about renewable energy, including community experience with renewable energy and local economic reliance on extractive industries. I also find pervasive climate skepticism across study sites. These findings indicate the need for broad-based and non-partisan discursive frames for renewable energy. Last, these findings speak to the importance of the ‘just transitions’ concepts, and the need to incorporate those communities most marginalized by the current system of fossil fuels extraction and production as society moves forward toward a cleaner energy economy.

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Austin, Bradley Dwight. "In Deference to the Primary Mission: Environmental Policy of the U. S. Department of Defense, 1957-1995." OpenSIUC, 2008. https://opensiuc.lib.siu.edu/theses/477.

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This paper explores the environmental policies and practices of the U. S. Department of Defense (DoD) from the late 1950s until the mid 1990s in relation to the views and attitudes of the American people. While by no means a comprehensive examination of the military and each of the branches, this paper covers the general attitudes and rationales of the DoD as a whole. The time frame covered deviates from more obvious choices, such as "since World War II" or a specific decade, intentionally. Cutting off 15 or so years from each end could situate this work as the middle of a three -volume set for a number of reasons. For the starting time, nearly a generation passed since World War II. This allowed adequate time for the younger populace to play a role in the decisionmaking process. This also allowed for a beginning just prior to Sikes Act and America's renewed interest in the environment. At the other end, the terminus follows the end of the Cold War and two rounds of military downsizing. This set up a time of not only preventing environmental harm in the future, but also digging in and cleaning past harm for the future. As such, this leaves ample room for future work to concentrate on the time periods omitted here. The chapters cover the topic by decade with extra emphasis given to weather modification, which spanned multiple decades in such a manner thatcould not be effectively covered broken apart. For the latter decades, the focus follows more closely to Presidential Administrations. This method could not be fully utilized during the preceding discussion, in part due to the unique and revolutionary nature of the overall upheaval of the 1960s. The information included in the appendices provides a more detailed look into the ideas of the American people, which could not be included in the body of the text without detracting from the flow and readability. The appendices include a chapter on the public's responses to the General Social Surveys administered from 1972 to 1991. The questions examined have been grouped biennially in sequential even and odd years.

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Otter, Robert. "Aspects of environmental public health in Portsmouth, 1764-1864." Thesis, University of Portsmouth, 1994. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.387284.

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Obrycki, John F. "Managing Soils For Environmental Science And Public Health Applications." The Ohio State University, 2016. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1469014282.

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Giordano, Lisa 1962. "The effect of misanthropy on health care avoidance: Implications for communication research." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/291371.

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A study was conducted to measure the effects of misanthropic attitudes towards physicians on the avoidance of health care for both treatment and preventive purposes. Demographic and other attitudinal and behavioral variables were also measured. Results indicated that income, age, health status, cancer preventing and detection beliefs and health care misanthropy were all related to subjects' health care avoidance for treatment-oriented purposes. Age, sex, use of blood pressure screening tests, and objective health status were significantly associated with avoidance of health care for preventing purposes. As well, those who rated high on misanthropy measures were more likely to patronize non-traditional health care providers than traditional medical doctors. A discussion of communication theories which may provide some explanation for health care avoidance is also given.

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Wichman, Heidi Sandra. "Stigma within health care settings: an exploration of the experiences of people living with HIV and AIDS." Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2006. http://etd.uwc.ac.za/index.php?module=etd&action=viewtitle&id=gen8Srv25Nme4_3785_1255514529.

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South Africa has one of the highest HIV and AIDS prevalence rates and the pandemic shows no signs of abating. Challenges facing South Africa in combating this pandemic include the social responses of fear, denial, stigma and discrimination. Stigma related to HIV and AIDS poses a major barrier to treating and managing HIV and AIDS. Stigma is defined as involving an attribute which significantly discredits an individual in the eyes of others or society. This attribute is therefore seen by others as being negative, something which devalues, spoils or flaws an individual. Perceived or felt stigma is described as being the anticipation of rejection and the shame of having the stigma, whereas enacted stigma refers to actual incidents of discrimination. The aim of this study was to determine, from the experiences of people living with HIV and AIDS, whether stigma manifests within the South African primary health care system.

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Nelson, Thomas A. (Thomas Allen). "An Environmental Evaluation and Public Opinion Survey Concerning Park and Recreation Development in Flower Mound, Texas." Thesis, North Texas State University, 1985. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc500672/.

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An environmental evaluation concerning land designated for park and recreation development was conducted in Flower Mound, Texas. Results were compared with the findings of a public opinion survey of the citizenry of Flower Mound. The first section is an introduction to land use and recreation planning. Section two presents a review of pertinent literature concerning environmental evaluation and recreation and recreation planning. Third is a brief description of Flower Mound, Texas, and existing park properties. The fourth section discusses both the environmental evaluation and the survey research techniques employed. Results of the environmental evaluation are examined in section five. The public opinion survey results are discussed in the sixth section. Flower Mound is fortunate to have a number of sites suitable for recreational development. If recreational development is to be successful and satisfactory to the users, decisions will need to be made in an organized fashion. Park and recreation planning should be incorporated within a general land use planning framework.

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Hanna, Elizabeth Gayle (Liz), and lizhanna@netc net au. "Environmental health and primary health care: towards a new workforce model." La Trobe University. School of Public Health, 2005. http://www.lib.latrobe.edu.au./thesis/public/adt-LTU20061110.152550.

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Public health was once synonymous with environmental health. However, as living conditions improved the two fields diverged. Environmental factors are again re-emerging as hazards human health. Increasing global reliance on agricultural and veterinary chemicals (AgVets) over recent decades has is now a serious public health concern. Evidence of their toxicity has prompted international efforts to minimize, monitor and manage exposure risks. Direct involvement of the primary health care workforce is seen as critical to this process, yet little data exists on the health burden on Australian rural communities imposed by these chemicals. The study presented here attempts to explore the impact of these chemicals on two rural communities in Victoria, and ascertain the how the existing primary heath care system responds to AgVet exposure issues. Health determinants are complex, and inter-related, and the client �provider interface is not an entity acting in isolation from other frameworks. The provider-client service relationship has evolved against a background of legislation and provider training. Many external factors also impinge, such as the structure and focus of the health sector, and Australia�s systematic approach to environmental and chemical management. Examination of this underlying infrastructure in Australia provided the background against which the issue of exposure to agricultural and veterinary chemicals was explored. A brief summary of international developments in this area served to provide insight as to what interventions may be introduced to address the issue of chemical exposure. A CATI (Computer Assisted Telephone Interview) survey of 1050 households sought the perspectives from two Victorian agricultural communities to gather self-reported AgVet exposure patterns and health data, and whether respondents perceived their health problems were linked to exposure. Respondents were also asked to comment on the primary health care service experiences from local providers, and which services they preferred to seek for health advice. Perspectives were then sought from all primary health care providers servicing these communities. Information was sought on their level of expertise in diagnosing, and managing exposure related illness, via face-to-face interviews, focus groups and paper surveys. The study revealed rural communities have a long history of hazardous exposure to toxic AgVets. Awareness of toxicity risks is growing, yet further scope exists to improve safe handling of chemicals. High levels of illnesses known be associated with AgVet exposure exist among rural populations. Many believe their own ill-health is linked to exposure, and express strong dissatisfaction with the apparent lack of environmental health expertise especially among their GPs. Health providers demonstrated limited understanding of the health impacts of AgVet exposure. The lack of environmental health expertise among the existing primary health care workforce means that health conditions associated with exposure to AgVets are not being identified, and the absence of health intelligence hampers health planning. In Australia, the health, environment and primary industries sectors function in effect, as distinct silos, with little cross-fertilisation. The United States has combined its agricultural chemical legislative authority to develop a focus on human health, establish direct links, and biomonitoring programs to protect human heath. The U.S. has also developed environmental health expertise at the primary health care level to address community needs as they arise. Strategies are required in Australia to connect the environment, chemical management and health portfolios, with respect to the emerging environmental issues of chemical exposure. There is a need also in Australia to inject environmental health capacity into the primary health care practice.

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Goodfellow, Faith Juliet Lydiard. "Environmental management of chemical incidents : improving the public health response." Thesis, University of Surrey, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.368612.

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Hagood, Timothy J. "A Higher Education Site's Environmental Noise Impacting the Neighborhood." University of Toledo Health Science Campus / OhioLINK, 2014. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=mco1388768193.

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Signorini, Alessio. "Use of social media to monitor and predict outbreaks and public opinion on health topics." Diss., University of Iowa, 2014. https://ir.uiowa.edu/etd/1503.

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The world in which we live has changed rapidly over the last few decades. Threats of bioterrorism, influenza pandemics, and emerging infectious diseases coupled with unprecedented population mobility led to the development of public health surveillance systems. These systems are useful in detecting and responding to infectious disease outbreaks but often operate with a considerable delay and fail to provide the necessary lead time for optimal public health response. In contrast, syndromic surveillance systems rely on clinical features (e.g., activities prompted by the onset of symptoms) that are discernible prior to diagnosis to warn of changes in disease activity. Although less precise, these systems can offer considerable lead time. Patient information may be acquired from multiple existing sources established for other purposes, including, for example, emergency department primary complaints, ambulance dispatch data, and over-the-counter medication sales. Unfortunately, these data are often expensive, sometimes difficult to obtain and almost always hard to integrate. Fortunately, the proliferation of online social networks makes much more information about our daily habits and lifestyles freely available and easily accessible on the web. Twitter, Facebook and FourSquare are only a few examples of the many websites where people voluntarily post updates on their daily behaviors, health status, and physical location. In this thesis we develop and apply methods to collect, filter and analyze the content of social media postings in order to make predictions. As a proof of concept we used Twitter data to predict public opinion in the form of the outcome of a popular television show. We then used the same methods to monitor and track public perception of influenza during the H1N1 epidemic, and even to predict disease burden in real time, which is a measurable advance over current public health practice. Finally, we used location specific social media data to model human travels and show how this data can improve our prediction of disease burden.

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Hanna, Elizabeth Gayle. "Environmental health and primary health care : towards a new workforce model /." Access full text, 2005. http://www.lib.latrobe.edu.au/thesis/public/adt-LTU20061110.152550/index.html.

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Thesis (Ph.D.) -- La Trobe University, 2005.
Research. "A Thesis submitted in total fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy [to the] School of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Victoria". Includes bibliographical references (leaves 255-293). Also available via the World Wide Web.

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Rabinowitz, Aaron. "The Fourth Branch of Government: The Role of Interest Groups, the Media, and Political Advertisements in Contemporary Health Policy Debates." Thesis, Harvard University, 2012. http://dissertations.umi.com/gsas.harvard:10103.

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The first part of this dissertation explores whether interest group-sponsored political advertising campaigns influence how journalists frame health policy debates. The paper employs propensity score matching techniques, media content analysis and a modified version of the Herfindahl-Hirschman Index to discern whether a prodigious and concentrated advertising campaign that aired during the health care reform debate under President Obama influenced newspaper coverage of the Affordable Care Act in markets that were exposed to the advertisements. The second part of the dissertation investigates public attitudes toward the various groups in the health care industry. It leverages data from an extensive public opinion survey conducted during the health care reform debate under President Obama, and employs survey weighted ordinal logistic regression models to understand public trust and confidence in a broad spectrum of interest groups, ranging from the American Medical Association to Blue Cross/Blue Shield to the U.S. Chamber of Commerce. The findings are particularly important and timely as the implementation battles surrounding the Affordable Care Act begin because citizens frequently take cues from interest group leaders to make sense of the political world, and public opinion frequently depends on how elites frame a particular issue. The final portion of the dissertation compares and evaluates several competing policy options designed to promote viewpoint diversity in extant policy debates. Several evaluative criteria are developed and applied to existing regulatory approaches to improving viewpoint diversity, and a novel approach is offered to better serve this ideal. Specifically, I propose a "marketplace of ideas tax" that would be levied on all political advertisements to endow a "marketplace of ideas trust fund," which would then be used to subsidize speech from underrepresented viewpoints. This approach leverages insights garnered from models of political learning and social science research concerning the role of political advertisements in contemporary health policy debates.

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Woodward, Debbie Louise. "(A) Views to autism held by parents and clinicians; (B) attitudes towards adults with mental illness." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 1994. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.341661.

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Fitzwater, Kendra K. "Assessment of environmental and public health hazards of electronic waste." Virtual Press, 2007. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/1380100.

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Electronic waste or `e-waste' is a rapidly growing form of solid waste worldwide. The heavy metals present in various electronic components demand attention because such metals may leach and pose significant health and environmental hazards (U.S. EPA, 2007). Knowledge of the potential of heavy metal leaching from e-waste represents an important contribution for developing U.S. standards for classifying e-waste as hazardous waste. Hazardous elements which leach from a variety of electronics wastes were assessed in laboratory batch studies. Electronic components evaluated included PC cathode ray tubes, PC motherboards, PC mice, television remote controls, and cellular phones. Each component was disassembled and digested using the Toxicity Characteristic Leaching Procedure (TCLP), EPA Method 1312, Method EA NEN 7371 (Dutch Environmental Agency), and Method DEV-S4 (Germany). The extracts were analyzed for lead, cadmium, chromium, silver, and cobalt. The TCLP consistently leached the greatest amounts of all metals; TCLP-soluble lead was extracted well beyond federal limits for several electronic devices.
Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Management

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Richardson, Amy J. "Does the label of mental illness affect perceptions of art and artist?" Virtual Press, 2000. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/1191718.

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This study examined the effect of diagnostic label (schizophrenia, depression, diabetes, or amateur) on perceptions of an artist as measured by social distance, perceptions of aggressiveness, artwork favorability, and monetary value (of artwork). Previous contact with a person hospitalized for mental illness was assessed to determine its moderating effects. Participants were 165 undergraduate students (118 female, 47 male). Results found a significant main effect for label on perceptions of aggressiveness, but not on social distance, artwork favorability, or monetary value. Although artwork was evaluated favorably regardless of label, the label of schizophrenia increased perceptions of aggressiveness, but showed suggestive effects on social distance and artwork favorability. The overall findings suggest a complex relationship between the label of mental illness, previous contact, and the relative sensitivity of perceptions of aggressiveness and social distance to these effects.
Department of Psychological Science

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Miserendino, Rebecca Adler. "Tracing mercury pollution in aquatic ecosystems| Implications for public health." Thesis, The Johns Hopkins University, 2013. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=3571745.

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This dissertation addressed questions pertaining to mercury (Hg) fate and transport in aquatic ecosystems by applying stable Hg isotopes as a tracer. Mercury poses a public health burden worldwide. In parts of the developing world, Hg-use during artisanal and small-scale gold mining (ASGM) is pointed at as the source of elevated Hg in the environment. However, Hg from other sources including soil erosion associated with land cover and land-use change (LCLUC) may also contribute to local Hg pollution.

Stable Hg isotope profiles of sediment cores, surface sediments, and soils from two aquatic ecosystems in Amapá, Brazil, one downstream artisanal gold mining (AGM) and one isolated from AGM were assessed. Although previous studies attributed elevated environmental Hg levels in this area to AGM, stable Hg isotopic evidence suggests elevated Hg downstream of AGM sites is dominantly from erosion of soils due to LCLUC.

In contrast, the impact of Hg-use during small-scale gold mining (SGM) in the Southern Andean Region of Portovelo-Zaruma, Ecuador on Hg in the trans-boundary Puyango-Tumbes River was also investigated. By comparing preliminary isotopic Hg signatures from river sediment along the Puyango-Tumbes to soil and sediment from upstream locations along the Puyango tributaries, we suggest Hg-use during SGM in this region is likely responsible for elevated Hg downstream and into Peru. Technical and policy challenges in measuring and responding to gold mining-related cumulative impacts were also reviewed in the context of Portovelo-Ecuador.

Together, the findings not only answer questions of critical importance to preventing Hg pollution in two of the world's most vulnerable ecosystems but also provide information that can be used to better target interventions to reduce environmental Hg levels and subsequent human exposures. Furthermore, the validation and application of the stable Hg isotope method to trace Hg pollution from ASGM in different aquatic ecosystems represents a critical step to the application of stable Hg isotopes to trace pollution in other complex natural environments and to address public health-related questions.

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Tam, Chiu-wan, and 譚肖芸. "Community response to mental health facility: a study of objections to the setting up of a halfway house in SunChui Estate, Shatin." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1986. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31247702.

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Elmore, Scott K. "The insanity defense| Public opinion and the public's tendency to implicate mental illness in high-profile crimes." Thesis, Alliant International University, 2014. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=3614955.

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Media accounts have influenced public opinion about the insanity defense and have given rise to misperceptions about its purpose and rate of usage. This study hypothesizes that the public is more likely to implicate mental illness in irrational crimes and that the more media exposure given to the case, the more likely the public is to implicate mental illness. This study also seeks to establish current public opinion of the utility and prevalence of the insanity defense. The results of this research do not conclusively indicate that amount of media attention can be used to predict the public's tendency to implicate mental illness as a motive for crime, thus, hypothesis one was only partially supported. Meanwhile, hypothesis two, participants will be more likely to implicate mental illness in crime that they perceive to be irrational was not supported by this study. The third hypothesis, participants will be more likely to give a verdict of NGRI if they implicated mental illness as the motive for the crime, was only partially supported by this study. With the ever-growing media attention devoted to implicating mental illness in high-profile crimes, results from this study suggest that the public does not correlate the amount of media attention dedicated to high-profile cases with mental illness.

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Li, Ying. "Assessing Public Health Burden Associated with Exposure to Fine Particulate Matter and Its Chemical Components in the United States." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2015. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/21.

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Li, Ying. "Assessing Public Health Burden Associated with Exposure to Fine Particulate Matter (PM2.5): The Impacts of Model Resolution and Exposure-Response Relationship on Mortality Estimates." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2014. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/22.

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Belford, Angel. "How Are Environmental Health Risks Communicated?" Bowling Green State University / OhioLINK, 2006. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=bgsu1148305230.

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Morain, Stephanie. "Contested Boundaries: Evaluating Institutional and Government Authority in Academia and Public Health." Thesis, Harvard University, 2014. http://dissertations.umi.com/gsas.harvard:11264.

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This dissertation explores tensions between individual freedom and institutional authority. Chapter one examines public perceptions of the legitimacy of "new frontier" public health measures. I present results from a national survey of 1,817 adults concerning the acceptability of public health interventions for noncommunicable diseases. We found that support for these interventions is high overall; strongly associated with race and political orientation; and tied to perceptions of democratic representation in policy making. There was much support for strategies that enable people to exercise healthful choices, but considerably less for more coercive measures. These findings suggest that the least coercive path will be the smoothest. Additionally, the findings underscore the need for policy makers to involve the public in decision making, understand the public's values, and communicate how policy decisions reflect this understanding.

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Li, Ying. "Heat-Related Mortality under Two Representative Concentration Pathways (RCPs) Emission Scenarios: Projections for the United States and China." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2017. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/2631.

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Public health effects associated with rising temperatures resulting from global climate change are expected to increase significantly in this century. Projecting future heat-related mortality is challenging due to considerable uncertainties, and national-level, large-scale impacts under the latest greenhouse gas emission scenarios remain largely unexplored. Here I estimate excess heat-related mortality in the continental United States and in 50 largest metropolitan areas in China in the 2050s under two Representative Concentration Pathways (RCPs) emission scenarios: RCP4.5 and RCP8.5. Using model-simulated future and present climate variables that were dynamically downscaled by regional meteorology models, this study quantifies the potential increase in heat-related mortality during the warm season (May-September) in mid-century relative to the base period of 2000s. The projections are based on an integrated assessment framework that combines high-resolution climate model outputs, location specific temperature-mortality relationships, population projections and baseline mortality rates. Heat mortality risk estimates for both countries are derived from systematic reviews of current literature on temperature-mortality relationships. Potential human adaptation is likely to decrease heat-related mortality in the future. I evaluate future adaptation assumption with a scenario analysis based on empirical evidence of adaptation to heat in both countries. Findings from this study will provide valuable information to support climate policy decision making and heat-related risk management in both countries and globally

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Ochieng, Anne Achieng. "The relationship between environmental exposures to pesticides measured by means of environmental exposure indices and the anthropomentric outcomes of boys living on farms in the rural Western Cape." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/12169.

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Includes abstract.
Includes bibliographical references.
Few epidemiological studies have investigated the effect of pesticides on growth of boys and results are conflicting. Pesticide environmental exposure indices have not previously been developed. To investigate the effect of pesticide exposure using environmental exposure indices on pubertal growth of boys...

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Darley, Stephen. "Community-generated evidence of urban pollution /." Title page, contents and abstract only, 1992. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09ENV/09envd221.pdf.

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Li, Ying, Daven K. Henze, Darby Jack, Barron H. Henderson, and Patrick L. Kinney. "Assessing Public Health Burden Associated with Exposure to Ambient Black Carbon in the United States." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2016. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/7.

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Black carbon (BC) is a significant component of fine particulate matter (PM2.5) air pollution, which has been linked to a series of adverse health effects, in particular premature mortality. Recent scientific research indicates that BC also plays an important role in climate change. Therefore, controlling black carbon emissions provides an opportunity for a double dividend. This study quantifies the national burden of mortality and morbidity attributable to exposure to ambient BC in the United States (US). We use GEOS–Chem, a global 3-D model of atmospheric composition to estimate the 2010 annual average BC levels at 0.5 x 0.667° resolution, and then re-grid to 12-km grid resolution across the continental US. Using PM2.5 mortality risk coefficient drawn from the American Cancer Society cohort study, the numbers of deaths due to BC exposure were estimated for each 12-km grid, and then aggregated to the county, state and national level. Given evidence that BC particles may pose a greater risk on human health than other components of PM2.5, we also conducted sensitivity analysis using BC-specific risk coefficients drawn from recent literature. We estimated approximately 14,000 deaths to result from the 2010 BC levels, and hundreds of thousands of illness cases, ranging from hospitalizations and emergency department visits to minor respiratory symptoms. Sensitivity analysis indicates that the total BC-related mortality could be even significantly larger than the above mortality estimate. Our findings indicate that controlling BC emissions would have substantial benefits for public health in the US.

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Cromwell, Allison. "Prevalence of Metabolic Syndrome in a Cohort of Police Officers That Responded to September 11th." Thesis, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 2016. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10125176.

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Cardiovascular disease and diabetes are a growing problem around the world and both considered leading causes of death in the United States. Cardiovascular disease is often not diagnosed until it advances to causing serious problems such as heart attacks. Diabetes can greatly increase the risk of cardiovascular disease so diagnoses is important. Metabolic syndrome is a relatively easy way to predict who is at risk of these diseases or to make an early diagnoses. The syndrome is diagnosed in patients that meet 3 or more criteria relating to obesity, blood pressure, triglycerides, cholesterol, and glucose in an individual. Calcium scores, a result of a specific body scan, are a good indicator of cardiovascular disease but are not commonly performed. Metabolic syndrome can be diagnosed using information from a routine physical with blood work. This paper observed the prevalence rate of metabolic syndrome in a cohort of police officers who responded to the September 11th attack at the World Trade Center in New York City. In our study population, the prevalence of metabolic syndrome was 26%. We also found a correlation between calcium scores and the number of metabolic syndrome criteria met; patients meeting all 5 criteria had significantly higher calcium scores with a p-value of .02 and 95% confidence interval of 1.084-2.583.

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Chiang, Pei-Yu. "Tree-hole Mosquito Surveillance and Control: The Influence of Environmental Factors on Aedes triseriatus Breeding and Egg-laying." The Ohio State University, 2012. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1354728979.

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Adler, Rachel R. "Social and Environmental Factors Related to Community Use in Massachusetts." Thesis, Harvard University, 2015. http://nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:HUL.InstRepos:23205177.

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The majority of children in the United States do not attain the recommended sixty minutes of daily physical activity. Opening up school facilities outside of school hours for use by the community has been suggested to increase opportunities for physical activity. The purpose of this research was to identify social and environmental factors that influence community use policies and practices in Massachusetts school districts. Paper 1 developed a quantitative index to describe differences in community use policies. Written community use policies from Massachusetts school districts were collected and double-coded. Analysis of variance was used to identify differences between template vs. unique policies. Districts that developed unique policies had significantly higher scores than districts that adopted the template (mean 20.8 vs. 16.5, P < 0.05). Paper 2 aimed to identify how community use policy presence and sociodemographic characteristics were associated with access to low- and no-cost recreation areas in Massachusetts school districts. Geographic information systems software was used to identify key variables. Linear regression was used to determine if geographic location or district-level sociodemographic characteristics were associated with recreational area availability. In adjusted analyses, metropolitan districts had 2.51 more acres of recreational area surrounding schools per 1000 residents compared to non-metropolitan districts (P = 0.003). Paper 3 utilized a mixed methods approach to identify differences in community use practices in high-use vs. low-use districts. An online survey of school district administrators was conducted, and a subset of these administrators participated in follow-up telephone interviews. The online survey results showed that high-use districts provided a significantly wider variety of services through community use agreements compared to low-use districts (P = 0.02). Both high-use and low-use districts cited cost, maintenance, and upkeep as the biggest barriers to community use. This dissertation created an index that provides a systematic and reliable way to assess school district community use policies. Additionally, it identified disparities in access to recreational and school facilities for physical activity in non-metropolitan school districts in Massachusetts, and identified cost, maintenance, and upkeep as significant barriers to increasing community use. Training, technical assistance, and future research should focus on these areas.

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Frame, Laura N. "Georgia Environmental Advocacy Groups Health Education Needs Assessment." Digital Archive @ GSU, 2012. http://digitalarchive.gsu.edu/iph_theses/218.

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Georgia State University’s Institute of Public Health along with the Georgia Department of Public Health’s Chemical Hazards Program conducted a needs assessment survey to learn more about the concerns of environmental advocates and other community leaders in Georgia regarding exposure to toxic chemicals. The purpose of the Georgia Environmental Advocacy Groups Health Education Needs Assessment was to better understand community concerns, to identify hazardous waste sites that might warrant some degree of public health evaluation, to find community leaders and personnel interested in assisting the Chemical Hazards Program in implementing public health interventions, to inform the community about the services offered to the public by the Georgia Department of Public Health and to better understand the best methods for distributing health education material. This is the first time the Chemical Hazards Program has conducted an environmental advocacy group leader needs assessment. The results of this pilot study will help the development of future needs assessments conducted by the CHP. Survey development began in August of 2011 and Georgia State University Institutional Review Board approval was granted January 2012. Participants were selected due to their current leadership role of a Georgia environmental advocacy group/organization. Contact information was found for 137 environmental group leaders. Depending on available contact information, potential participants either received the survey through the mail or electronically via email. Surveys were distributed on January 13, 2012 and had to be returned by February 20, 2012. Twenty-one Georgia environmental advocacy group leaders participated in the survey. A majority of participants cited protect/restore natural habitats as the main purpose of their organization, but the survey did reveal 10 environmental groups that focused on protecting human health. Seven of participants that were dedicated to protecting human health expressed interest in working further with the GDPH to develop or implement public health interventions. The survey was also successful in informing participants about the Chemical Hazards Program. Prior to the needs assessment, more than 80% of participants were not aware of the program. Many pertinent suggestions were also made to aid in the development of the brochure aimed at educating community members about the services offered by the CHP. Although a variety of environmental health concerns were cited by the participants, water quality was most often mentioned. More participants reported they were very concerned about drinking water than any other environment. Ninety percent also reported being either concerned or very concerned about contamination in oceans, lakes and streams. A section of the survey also addressed hazards found within the home, unclean drinking water was selected by far the most often as being of greatest concern compared to all other indoor hazards. Many participants listed specific waste or industrial sites that are of concern among members of their community as a source of contaminants. A few contaminated environments were also listed including specific rivers and lakes. Though many did not list specific sources, the majority of participants cited water contamination as being a chemical contamination issue that has the greatest impact on human health. The survey helped reveal specific community concerns regarding potential chemical contaminants and sites that may lead to the CHP conducting public health assessments/consultations and exposure investigations. The survey also revealed the need for general environmental health education and intervention activities based on concerns of the participants as well as the lack of concern by many. The survey was also successful in identifying individuals that may help the CHP gain future partnerships and identifying creative methods for distributing health education material. The CHP plans to follow-up with many of the participants and the survey will be further developed and used to survey other leaders, community members, and public health workers etc. to further investigate the needs and concerns of communities across Georgia.

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Das, Debalina. "Waterborne Diseases: Linking Public Health And Watershed Data." Amherst, Mass. : University of Massachusetts Amherst, 2009. http://scholarworks.umass.edu/theses/235/.

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Kwong, Kim-hung, and 鄺劍雄. "An evaluation of 3D-GIS as a public engagement tool in environmental impact assessment." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2006. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B36860827.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Environmental health Public opinion'

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