Academic literature on the topic 'Environmental finance'

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Journal articles on the topic "Environmental finance":

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Richardson, Robert. "Environmental Finance: Environmental Compliance Can Be Profitable." Natural Gas & Electricity 31, no. 3 (September 22, 2014): 9–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/gas.21787.

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Linnenluecke, Martina K., Tom Smith, and Brent McKnight. "Environmental finance: A research agenda for interdisciplinary finance research." Economic Modelling 59 (December 2016): 124–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.econmod.2016.07.010.

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Tao, Hu, Shan Zhuang, Rui Xue, Wei Cao, Jinfang Tian, and Yuli Shan. "Environmental Finance: An Interdisciplinary Review." Technological Forecasting and Social Change 179 (June 2022): 121639. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.techfore.2022.121639.

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Hoti, Suhejla, Michael McAleer, and Laurent L. Pauwels. "MEASURING RISK IN ENVIRONMENTAL FINANCE." Journal of Economic Surveys 21, no. 5 (December 2007): 970–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-6419.2007.00526.x.

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Hoti, Suhejla, Michael McAleer, and Laurent L. Pauwels. "Multivariate volatility in environmental finance." Mathematics and Computers in Simulation 78, no. 2-3 (July 2008): 189–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.matcom.2008.01.038.

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Alvira, Alvira, Lindrianasari Lindrianasari, Yuztitya Asmaranti, and Reni Oktavia. "Finance Sustainability to the Environmental Investment." International Journal of Business Review (The Jobs Review) 3, no. 2 (December 20, 2020): 65–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.17509/tjr.v3i2.30076.

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The aim of this research is to find the correlation between financial performance, firm size, foreign ownership as independent variables and environmental investment as dependent variable. The measurement of environmental investment is environmental investment total per assets total. This research is using quantitative approach that examined the correlation between variables through hypothesis testing. The sample of this research is 46 public listed mining companies in the period of 2014-2018 by purposive sampling method. The data and hypothesis analysis used correlation analysis. The results indicated that financial performance have positive correlation on environmental investment whereas firm size and foreign ownership do not have any correlation on environmental investment. Great environmental investment can lead to higher profit, reputation and legitimacy of the company.
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Cai, Shao Lun. "Analysis of Finance and Environmental Protection." Advanced Materials Research 573-574 (October 2012): 789–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.573-574.789.

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The low-carbon economy has become a global issue today. By exploring the meaning of the concept of environmental finance theory and research, this paper introduces the practice of the financial industry for environmental protection. The practice may have both positive and negative aspects of a brief analysis of the financial turmoil on the cause of environmental protection impact. Then aiming at the subject of how to grasp the direction of sustainable development in the crisis and promote economic development,at the same time to guarantee the value of environment, has undergone a new study attempt.
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Buckley, Ralf. "Environmental Opportunities and Risks in Finance." Environmental Management and Health 3, no. 2 (February 1992): 22–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/09566169210010879.

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Surbakti, Lidya Primta. "Pengaruh Environmental Policy, Environmental Pollution, Environmental Energy, Dan Environmental Financial Terhadap Kualitas Laba." Akbis: Media Riset Akuntansi dan Bisnis 7, no. 1 (April 28, 2023): 17. http://dx.doi.org/10.35308/akbis.v7i1.7432.

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This research is a quantitative research and the aim of this research is to empirically examine the influence of environmental policy, environmental pollution, environmental energy, and environmental finance on earnings quality and profitability, leverage, and company size as control variables. Earnings quality is measured using real earnings management as a measurement.This study uses secondary data, namely non-financial companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange for the period during 2019-2021 . The total sample in this study was 198 samples using the panel data regression analysis method and using data analysis with STATA. The research results show that environmental policy, environmental pollution, environmental energy, and environmental financial no significant effect on earnings quality. But there is a significant and positive effect on the control variables including: profitability, company size and debt ratio on earnings quality. The limitation of this study is that the population is non-financial companies and only measures the disclosure of sustainability reports only from pollution, energy, finance and policy. The practical implication of this research is that the more sustainability report disclosures made by companies, including: policies, pollution, energy and finance, no significant effect on the quality of earnings in companies listed on the IDX, and the increasing profitability, debt ratios and company size, the higher earnings quality, so that investors can consider profitability, company size and debt ratio in investment decisions because one of the considerations of investors is profit. The original value of this research is that this research measures more specific environmental reporting disclosures including: environmental policy, environmental pollution, environmental energy, and environmental financial and earnings quality measurement in this study uses real earnings management with the Cohen and Zarowin (2010) model which is still rarely used.
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Ozili, Peterson K. "Digital Finance, Green Finance and Social Finance: Is thera a Link?" Financial Internet Quarterly 17, no. 1 (March 1, 2021): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/fiqf-2021-0001.

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Abstract Identifying the intersection between digital finance, green finance and social finance is important for promoting sustainable financial, social and environmental development. This paper suggests a link between digital finance, green finance and social finance. Using a simple conceptual model, I show that digital finance offers a smooth, efficient and seamless channel for individuals and corporations to fund social projects that deliver a social dividend, and green projects lead to a sustainable environment. The implication is that digital finance is both an enabler and a channel for efficient green financing and social financing.

Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Environmental finance":

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Humavindu, Michael N. "Essays on public finance and environmental economics in Namibia." Licentiate thesis, Umeå : Department of Economics, Umeå University, 2007. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-1163.

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Bardella, Martina <1994&gt. "A new way of doing finance: the green environmental path." Master's Degree Thesis, Università Ca' Foscari Venezia, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10579/14146.

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The thesis consists of five chapters. The first one represents an introduction to the wide notion of Green Economy and provides some deeper insight about Green Finance, a more specific topic in the general framework of Green Economy. The second one deals with National Appropriate Mitigation Actions, NAMAs for short. The third chapter focuses on a topical theme within the Green Finance context, which summarizes in the expression Climate Finance. The fourth chapter is the result of three different studies: first it provides a criterion explaining which kind of funds should be invested in (between green and non-green funds); secondly it carries out the analysis of an Environmental Pollution Index; finally, it tries to assess whether investing in green portfolios may be convenient in terms of financial performances, with particular reference to the Indian market. Lastly, the final chapter introduces and describes a new kind of bank the so-called Green Investment Bank.
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Alessandrelli, Luca <1995&gt. "Finance in support of environmental sustainability: green bonds market analysis." Master's Degree Thesis, Università Ca' Foscari Venezia, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10579/19042.

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This paper aims to analyze the Green Bonds market. Environmental sustainability is nowadays a crucial issue that each of us must consider, and finance, too, has a duty to propose solutions in this regard. Initially, there is an introduction regarding the motivations, the historical context, and the decisions that, over the years, have led to the outlining of precise standards that must be respected in order to avoid irreparable consequences. Then, the birth, the diffusion and the growth of the green bonds market will be analyzed. This part is aimed at providing an overview of the functioning, features and spread of these tools, emphasizing their increasing attention received by the whole world. Subsequently, an empirical analysis will take place. The study will analyze the performance of these instruments which, although relatively young, are becoming increasingly successful. Finally, the results of the analysis will be presented.
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Benouaich, David (David Olivier) 1970. "Financing and ownership structures in international project finance." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/9093.

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Thesis (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Civil and Environmental Engineering, 2000.
Includes bibliographical references (leaves 127-131).
In the past twenty years there has been a new wave of global interest in project finance as a tool for financing capital-intensive projects all around the world. The crucial elements in structuring a project finance transaction are: the risk allocation process, the determination of the best type of ownership structure, and the development of a complete and integrated set of financial and contractual arrangements. This thesis examines the ownership and financing structures in International Project Finance. Selection of the form of business organization for a project is an important step in project development and depends on a variety of business, legal, accounting, tax and regulatory factors. This thesis presents four forms of ownership structure most frequently used for developing a project and highlights the reasons of selecting one of them. The variety of sources of funds, with a trend towards the increasing development of sophisticated capital market instruments, provides project sponsors with flexibility to select the appropriate structure to finance a project. This thesis presents the three types of capital used in project financing and details the alternatives for financing a project from its development phase to its operating phase showing that the project financing is a dynamic process. After having developed a basic framework for structuring an international project finance transaction, this thesis ends by exposing projects financed on a project-financing basis. These projects are characterized by some specific features, such as refinancing prior to project completion or use of capital market financing.
by David Benouaich.
S.M.
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Stefanakis, Vion. "Role of capital markets in global infrastructure finance." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/40157.

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Kato, Koji 1964. "Private finance initiative and major construction firms in Japan." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/34347.

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Thesis (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Civil and Environmental Engineering, 2001.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 240-244).
The Japanese construction industry has long been in recession, and the recession is predicted to continue into the future because both national and local governments lack the necessary resources. The "Private Finance Initiative" (PFI), which utilizes the private sector's technical, financial, and managerial resources to deliver more efficient and higher quality public facilities, has recently been launched in Japan with a special enactment. The PFI gives substantial opportunities to many Japanese industries, and especially to major construction firms (MCFs), which have collective strength and experience in developing technologies and projects. However, since participants in a PFI project must invest in the project as a whole, only those who can evaluate, manage, and properly assume the involved risks deserve the opportunity. Based on the background of the Japanese construction industry and the findings from the case studies relevant to the private toll road project or the Japanese PFI, this thesis develops a framework for prospective toll road/bridge/tunnel projects utilizing the Japanese PFI scheme. For the viable types of projects (such as bridges/tunnels or bypass road projects with technically complicated structures and sufficient traffic volume projections), this thesis identifies project structures that are desirable with regard to government supports and risk sharing. A real public-private partnership, which implies joint efforts and initiatives with eagerness to implement the Japanese PFI, is always essential to the development of such a PFI project. This thesis also proposes two strategies for an MCF to face the Japanese PFI. Differentiation strategy may be attained through financial strength, special talent and experiences, differentiated technologies and patents, and proper equipment. Under certain conditions, such as if the project includes a large potential to develop innovative construction means, MCFs should consider an equity contribution strategy to exploit equitable returns. Simulations of a prospective toll bridge project are also applied in the thesis to test the viability of the framework and the strategies.
by Koji Kato.
S.M.
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Armstrong, Alison J. "Perceived environmental control over interuniversity athletics in Canada: A resource dependence perspective." Thesis, University of Ottawa (Canada), 1992. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/7686.

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The purpose of this study was to determine whether those environmental elements which provide financial resources to the organization were perceived by the athletics directors to have control over the interuniversity athletics program. A theoretical framework, which incorporated the Emerson (1962) power-dependence theory of social exchange relations, and the concepts of resource dependence and power, was developed to examine the following hypothesis: The interuniversity athletics organization is perceived to be controlled by the elements (individuals, groups, organizations) in its environment in relation to its relative resource dependence on those elements. Another purpose of the study was to examine Emerson's power-dependence theory in the context of interuniversity athletics. Athletics directors from 34 (75.5%) of the 45 interuniversity athletics organizations in Canada completed the Survey of Canadian Interuniversity Athletics Programs and an accompanying interview. The survey elicited information about the organization's resource dependence on various sources in its environment, in terms of relative funding, as well as perceptions of the control of 15 environmental elements over seven basic activities of the organization, and overall. The interview was useful for further investigating the dynamics of perceived control. The organization, itself, was included as one of the elements. Univariate ANOVAs with repeated measures on the environmental elements were used to further describe organizational autonomy and perceived environmental control, and t-tests were employed to compare the organization's relative resource dependencies. The study concluded that perceived environmental control was varyingly associated with the organization's resource dependence on its environment. The findings imply that perceived control may be based in other dependencies, which warrant examination. Although there was limited support for the power-dependence theory in the context of interuniversity athletics and financial dependence, it may be more appliable when other relevant dependencies are considered. (Abstract shortened by UMI.)
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Kojima, Masashi 1968. "Overseas projects finance by international institutions for Japanese construction firms." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/29386.

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Thesis (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Civil and Environmental Engineering, 2004.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 95-100).
This thesis analyzes the relationships between Japanese construction firms, and overseas projects financed by international institutions, such as the World Bank Group, United Nations, ADB, IDB, JBIC, and JICA. Japanese construction firms have as large revenues as other international construction firms in the world. However, the scale of overseas business is quite small compared to that of their domestic activities. Today firms in the Japanese construction industry suffer from the shrinking Japanese construction market. To survive in the future, exploring overseas construction markets is an option for Japanese construction firms. To expand their business overseas, Japanese construction firms should explore the possibilities of increasing contracts financed by international institutions, because payments and contracts for these projects are more secure than those of other financing sources, such as governments of developing countries. As the first step in increasing overseas revenues, projects financed by international institutions become appropriate starts for Japanese construction firms. On the other hand, today the Japanese government is one of the largest sponsors of international institutions. It contributes substantial funds to multilateral financing institutions as well as to Japanese bilateral financing institutions. The government has made extensive contributions to constructing projects in developing countries through these international institutions. However, the number of projects awarded to Japanese construction firms from these international institutions has been extremely small, compared to the substantial contributions made by the Japanese government to those countries.
(cont.) In this paper, we study the current tendencies of international institutions, analyzing data of projects they finance. By analyzing these data, we can determine the identity of major players as well as the position of Japanese construction firms in these markets. Based on these analyses, we also discuss how Japanese construction firms may increase their international business in the future.
by Masashi Kojima.
S.M.
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Askin, Jacalyn Ann. "Community college funding: Environmental and institutional influences." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/282905.

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Community colleges are unique among higher education institutions in their potential access to local appropriations as well as state funding. Twenty-six states reported to the Education Commission of the States in 2001 that community colleges in their states received some share of local funding. In research question one, using data for 781 public community colleges, we explore the implications of resource dependency theory for mission differentiation between dual-funded and state-funded colleges. Research question two studies the influences of state demographics, economics, politics and college governance on state and local appropriations. We examine how these factors similarly and differently influence the two streams of public funding as well as how the two interact. We also investigate the question of whether local appropriations "pay off" for community colleges. This work extends prior research that has focused on funding for higher education in the aggregate or for four-year colleges and universities.
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Zarbakhsh, Hallie Ida. "The Potential of Islamic Finance for Environmental Sustainability and Social Equity in Iran." Ohio University Honors Tutorial College / OhioLINK, 2016. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ouhonors1461334909.

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Books on the topic "Environmental finance":

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Chesney, Marc, Jonathan Gheyssens, Anca Claudia Pana, and Luca Taschini. Environmental Finance and Investments. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-48175-2.

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Chesney, Marc, Jonathan Gheyssens, and Luca Taschini. Environmental Finance and Investments. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-36623-9.

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Chesney, Marc. Environmental finance and investments. New York: Springer, 2013.

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Tišma, Sanja. Environmental finance and development. New York: Routledge, 2012.

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Aïd, René, Michael Ludkovski, and Ronnie Sircar, eds. Commodities, Energy and Environmental Finance. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-2733-3.

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Alam, Samsul, and Sergey Sosnovskikh. Environmental Finance and Green Banking. London: Routledge, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003206194.

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Sunderasan, Srinivasan. Enabling environment: A worm's eye view of environmental finance. New Delhi: Springer India, 2013.

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Pallen, Dean. Environmental sourcebook for micro-finance institutions. [Canada]: Canadian International Development Agency, Asia Branch, 1997.

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Washington (State). Legislature. Joint Legislative Audit and Review Committee. Investing in the environment: Environmental quality grant & loan programs performance audit. [Olympia, WA] (506 16th Ave., SE, P.O. Box 40910, Olympia, 98501-2323): The Committee, 2001.

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Schoeb, Ronnie. Environmental levies and distortionary taxation: Environmental view vs. public finance view. Essex: University of Essex, Department of Economics, 1994.

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Book chapters on the topic "Environmental finance":

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Champagne, Claudia, Samuel Chrétien, Frank Coggins, and Hajer Tebini. "The Environmental Performance of Firms and the Probability of Environmental Events." In Sustainable Finance, 83–105. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-28752-7_5.

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Knox-Hayes, Janelle, Jungwoo Chun, and Priyanka deSouza. "Environmental Sustainability and Finance." In The Routledge Handbook of Financial Geography, 667–87. 1 Edition. | New York : Routledge, 2020. | Series: Routledge companions in business, management & marketing: Routledge, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781351119061-35.

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Schoenmaker, Dirk. "Sustainable finance." In Essential Concepts of Global Environmental Governance, 253–54. Second edition. | Abingdon, Oxon; New York: Routledge, 2021.: Routledge, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780367816681-103.

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Sullivan, Rory, and Craig Mackenzie. "Finance and Investment." In Business Management and Environmental Stewardship, 215–25. London: Macmillan Education UK, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-92307-6_11.

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Liu, Zhiyi, and Wenxuan Hou. "Social and Environmental Impacts of Digital Finance." In Digital Finance, 139–55. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-99-7305-7_9.

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Chesney, Marc, Jonathan Gheyssens, and Luca Taschini. "The Finance of Environmental Investments." In Springer Texts in Business and Economics, 93–146. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-36623-9_5.

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Chesney, Marc, Jonathan Gheyssens, Anca Claudia Pana, and Luca Taschini. "The Finance of Environmental Investments." In Springer Texts in Business and Economics, 103–58. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-48175-2_6.

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Tabb, William K. "Finance and the Environmental Crisis." In Financialization and the Future of the American Economy, 159–86. London: Routledge, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003385240-8.

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Clement, Keith. "Inward Investment and Environmental Finance." In Economic Development and Environmental Gain, 59–75. London: Routledge, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003421351-4.

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Serafeim, George, and T. Robert Zochowski. "Corporate Environmental Impact." In The Routledge Handbook of Green Finance, 103–28. London: Routledge, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003345497-10.

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Conference papers on the topic "Environmental finance":

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Zhang, Yue. "Low Carbon Economy and Environmental Finance." In 2021 3rd International Conference on Economic Management and Cultural Industry (ICEMCI 2021). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/assehr.k.211209.104.

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Fell, Hans-Josef. "Finance Initiative for Climate Cooling." In Optical Instrumentation for Energy and Environmental Applications. Washington, D.C.: OSA, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/e2.2014.jth5b.1.

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Barjaktarović Rakočević, Slađana, Nela Rakić, and Nevenka Žarkić Joksimović. "Sustainable Finance and Investments in Western Balkans- Where Are We?" In Society’s Challenges for Organizational Opportunities: Conference Proceedings. University of Maribor Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.18690/um.fov.3.2022.8.

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Nothing has united world in recent years as global climate change issues and its environmental impact. Situation is alarming and world has recognized negative consequences industrial development has on the environment. With the aim to struggle with growing needs for sustainable solutions of environment preserving, finance and investments have crucial role. Sustainable and green finance and investments have rising importance in achieving sustainable environmental projects. Also, environmental, social and governance (ESG) criteria have new vital role today in financial and investment decision making. The aim of this paper is to examine the role of sustainable finance and investments in Western Balkans countries. This study has an essentially exploratory character. The intention is to analyze current situation and to seek for potentials regarding development of green finance products like green bonds. The idea is to find incentives in sustainable finance area to further promote and develop capital market in this region.
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Singh, Shawren. "e-Government: Institutional and environmental challenges." In 7th International Conference on Business and Finance. AOSIS, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.4102/jbmd.v5i1.4.

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Zhang, Cai-Ping, and Qian-Wen Wu. "Research on the Basis Theoretical Questions of Environmental Finance." In 2nd 2016 International Conference on Sustainable Development (ICSD 2016). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/icsd-16.2017.103.

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Zhao, Juanxia, Xinming Zhao, Yanping Ren, and Minghao Wang. "The Impact of Environmental Finance Development on the Growth of Environmental Protection Industry." In 2020 International Conference on Social Science, Economics and Education Research (SSEER 2020). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/assehr.k.200801.062.

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Aydin, Oguzhan, and Cetin Kalburan. "Measuring Environmental Attitudes and Behaviours Through Surveys." In 2nd International Conference on Management, Economics and Finance. Acavent, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.33422/2nd.icmef.2019.11.727.

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Hadian, Saeed, and Kaveh Madani. "New Finance-Based Portfolio Analysis Framework for Sustainable Energy Planning." In World Environmental and Water Resources Congress 2014. Reston, VA: American Society of Civil Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/9780784413548.205.

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Banks, Leo. "Institutionalization of Climate Finance in the Green Climate Fund." In Conference of the Youth Environmental Alliance in Higher Education. Michigan Technological University, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.37099/mtu.dc.yeah-conference/2020/all-events/19.

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Jaikrajang, Buntarika. "Environmental External Failure Costs of the Manufacturing Sector in Thailand." In Annual International Conference on Accounting and Finance. Global Science & Technology Forum (GSTF), 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.5176/978-981-08-8957-9_af-043.

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Reports on the topic "Environmental finance":

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Casey, Jonathan, Alexander Bisaro, Alvaro Valverde, Marlon Martinez, and Martin Rokitzki. Private finance investment opportunities in climate-smart agriculture technologies. Foreign, Commonwealth and Development Office (FCDO), 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/20220030734.

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This investor-focused study analyses the role of private finance in climate-smart agriculture (CSA) technology innovation and deployment in Africa and Asia. It focuses in on the perspectives of investors, identifies technologies and areas that demonstrate commercial viability and investment potential, profiles existing investments in CSA technologies, explores the motives and incentives that may attract investors to financing CSA technology companies, and provides a more nuanced understanding of the barriers and bottlenecks that exist for mobilizing greater investment for CSA technology. The findings are based on evidence from 28 interviews with investors and other CSA technology stakeholders, and a review of more than 100 relevant reports and publications. Most investors tend to approach climate challenges from the perspective of environmental, social, and corporate governance(ESG) screening, looking first at risk, and building from a 'do no harm' perspective, rather than seeking to identify solutionoriented technology investments. Less than 1% of private climate finance is currently directed towards CSA, with enterprises struggling to find appropriately costed investment capital. Increasing private financial flows to emerging and developing economies needs to be supported by proactively connecting available capital with investable opportunities and encouraging new market structures and business models.
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for Development Programme, Knowledge. Using Indices to Capture Vulnerability for Development Finance in SIDS. Institute of Development Studies (IDS), April 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/k4d.2021.066.

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This rapid review examines evidence on indices to capture vulnerability for development finance in Small Island Developing States (SIDS). A key issue when it comes to aid allocation to Small Island Developing States (SIDS) is whether current measures of development – such as income per capita - are truly able to reflect the unique set of challenges that these countries face. Inability to accurately measure development in SIDS can lead to substantial risk. On the one hand, aid allocation that solely relies on income levels may result in an unsustainable reduction in external support to SIDS, leaving them to face high levels of economic, environmental, and social vulnerability. On the other hand, an inadequate measure of vulnerability can lead to no clear pathway to the reduction in aid, making it very improbable for SIDS to become self-reliant, no matter how far they develop or climb the income ladder. This aim of this paper is twofold. The first is to look at whether vulnerability indices can help determine the levels of external support SIDS need. The second is to consider how this can help in determining when support can be reduced or terminated. This is achieved by considering the different indices that international organisations and multilateral development banks use to capture the vulnerability of SIDS, how they use these indices to determine thresholds for aid allocation, and the advantages and disadvantages of applying each.
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Shirai, Sayuri. An Overview on Climate Change, Environment, and Innovative Finance in Emerging and Developing Economies. Asian Development Bank Institute, December 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.56506/drtf8552.

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The global economy has been facing a series of adverse shocks in recent years including the COVID-19 pandemic, climate crisis, the Russian invasion of Ukraine, high inflation, and interest rate shocks driven by global monetary policy normalization. The high cost of fossil fuels since 2021, moreover, has reminded the world that investment for clean energy projects has been severely inadequate due to limited implementation of climate policies and limited capital inflows to financing decarbonization efforts. While overdependence on fossil fuels might be inevitable currently, the world needs to accelerate transition to carbon neutrality and also begin to cope with nature capital stock and biodiversity losses, which are happening at an alarming pace. In particular, more financial support should be provided to emerging and developing economies (EMDEs) to help achieve climate and environmental goals and other sustainable development goals (SDGs). We give an overview of some innovative finance schemes applicable to EMDEs, including blended finance to mobilize more private capital to climate and environmental projects and debt-for-climate swaps (or debt-for-nature swaps), to provide de facto grants to small high-debt economies in exchange for climate projects (or nature protection). We also provide some suggestions for further actions through better coordination among donor and recipient nations led by G7 and G20 nations.
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Schumacher, Kim, ed. Environmental, Social, and Governance (ESG) Factors and Green Productivity: The Impacts of Greenwashing and Competence Greenwashing on Sustainable Finance and ESG Investing. Asian Productivity Organization, December 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.61145/vgpq5718.

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Despite the emergence of the sustainable finance sector and ESG investment markets to direct funds to green growth, a disconnect between ESG competence claims and corporate ESG data is apparent. In this P-Insights report, Prof. Dr. Kim Schumacher discusses recent green growth trends, challenges in sustainable financing, and methods to prevent ESG greenwashing.
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Pizarro, Rodrigo, Raúl Delgado, Huáscar Eguino, and Aloisio Lopes Pereira. Climate Change Public Budget Tagging: Connections across Financial and Environmental Classification Systems. Inter-American Development Bank, January 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0003021.

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Identifying and evaluating climate expenditures in the public sector, known as budget tagging, has generated increasing attention from multiple stakeholders, not only to assess the governments climate change policy, but also to monitor fiscal risks associated with increasing and unpredictable climate change impacts. This paper explores the issues raised by climate change budget tagging in the context of a broader discussion on the connections with fiscal and environmental statistical classification systems. It argues that, for climate change budget tagging efforts to be successful, the definitions and classifications of climate change expenditures must be consistent with statistical standards currently in use, such as the Government Finance Statistics Framework and the System of National Accounts.
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Gonzalez, Rodrigo Barbone, José Renato Haas Ornelas, and Thiago Christiano Silva. The Value of Clean Water: Evidence from an Environmental Disaster. Inter-American Development Bank, December 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0005312.

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Clean water has a largely unknown economic value, particularly to small communities whose agricultural activities take place on river shores. In November 2015, the rupture of a mining tailings dam in the municipality of Mariana led to a record disposal of toxic residuals in southeast Brazil. A mud avalanche ran out for 600 km (373 miles) until it reached the Atlantic Ocean, leaving behind extreme ecological and economic damage in the Doce River basin. This is the largest environmental disaster in Brazil to date. We quantify the negative externalities using rich, identified, and comprehensive data from firm-to-firm electronic payments and individual-level consumer credit usage. We find that agricultural producers in affected municipalities received cumulatively 41% to 60% fewer inflows (income) from customer firms outside the affected zone three years after the disaster. Effects are driven by municipalities where the river shore is larger relative to the farming area. In these municipalities, individuals also faced an 8% fall in their credit card and consumer finance expenditures. This result is stronger for non-formal and high-risk workers. Thus, water contamination led to (first) production and (later) consumption decline with real effects on municipality-level agriculture and services output, causing a 7% decline in local GDP.
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Barquet, Karina, Elin Leander, Jonathan Green, Heidi Tuhkanen, Vincent Omondi Odongo, Michael Boyland, Elizabeth Katja Fiertz, Maria Escobar, Mónica Trujillo, and Philip Osano. Spotlight on social equity, finance and scale: Promises and pitfalls of nature-based solutions. Stockholm Environment Institute, June 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.51414/sei2021.011.

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Human activity has modified and deteriorated natural ecosystems in ways that reduce resilience and exacerbate environmental and climate problems. Physical measures to protect, manage and restore these ecosystems that also address societal challenges in sustainable ways and bring biodiversity benefits are sometimes referred to as “nature-based solutions” (NBS). For example, reducing deforestation and restoring forests is a major opportunity for climate mitigation, while protecting or restoring coastal habitats can mitigate damage to coastal areas from natural hazard events, in addition to potentially providing co-benefits related to livelihood, recreation, and biodiversity. There is now an impetus to shift towards greater deployment of nature-based solutions. Not only do they offer an alternative to conventional fossil fuel-based or hard infrastructure solutions but, if implemented correctly, they also hold great promise for achieving multiple goals, benefits and synergies. These include climate mitigation and resilience; nature and biodiversity protection; and economic and social gains. 2020 saw an explosion in publications about NBS, which have contributed to filling many of the knowledge gaps that existed around their effectiveness and factors for their success. These publications have also highlighted the knowledge gaps that remain and have revealed a lack of critical reflection on the social and economic sustainability aspects of NBS. Building on these gaps, we decided to launch this mini-series of four briefs to provoke a more nuanced discussion that highlights not only the potential benefits, but also the potential risks and trade-offs of NBS. The purpose is not to downplay the importance of NBS for biodiversity, ecosystems, and coastal mitigation and adaptation, but to ensure that we establish a dialogue about ways to overcome these challenges while leaving no one behind.
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Sands, Anna, Julia Turner, and Amrita Saha. Trade Policy for Sustainable and Inclusive Agriculture. Institute of Development Studies, January 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/ids.2023.010.

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Trade policy provides a powerful set of levers for accelerating a transition to more inclusive and sustainable agricultural practices. Yet, trade in agriculture is often reliant on unsustainable methods of production, misaligned to tackling hunger, inadequate in support for decent farmer livelihoods, with negative climate and environmental impacts. Several countries are pioneering efforts to reform agricultural support schemes. This briefing highlights two key priorities in aligning trade policy with efforts to reform support for a transition to sustainable and inclusive food systems: core environmental standards coupled with scaling finance to support global South producer compliance.
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Occhiali, Giovanni. Implementation Obstacles and Political Appeal of Environmental Taxes in Sub-Saharan Africa: Reflections from Selected Countries. Institute of Development Studies, November 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/ictd.2023.058.

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Increasing the slow pace of adoption of environmental taxes across low-income countries has become a significant priority among international financial institutions, multilateral development banks, and international donors. Yet little is known about the practical institutional, administrative, and political obstacles that have led to their slow implementation and how they can be made more appealing, especially across sub-Saharan Africa. Based on an extensive literature review and 16 in-depth interviews with ministries of finance, revenue authorities, and other government stakeholders across six African countries, this paper provides some evidence that will support action and research on this theme. While there are differences across the countries covered, a lack of data and analytical capacity to develop effective environmental taxes is a common theme, as well as the historical prioritisation of their revenue mobilisation capacity over their environmental impact. A great variety of government actors with a mandate over natural resources, often with competing policy priorities, coupled with a lack of coordination fora, has also impeded the harmonisation of the environmental charges they levy. These measures are also often perceived to be regressive and to pose an obstacle to industrial development, lowering their appeal, given that poverty reduction and employment creation are an overarching priority. Nonetheless, support for introducing specific environmental tax measures exists across the population and policymakers, especially if their revenue can be earmarked for environmental purposes.
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Ashton, Weslynne, Andrés Luque, and John R. Ehrenfeld. Best Practices in Cleaner Production: Promotion and Implementation for Smaller Enterprises (Appendix 1-Case Summaries). Inter-American Development Bank, January 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0008580.

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This annex contains specific examples of cleaner production (CP) strategies for smaller enterprises including regional overviews of Latin America, Asia and Europe. It contains best practices from: Multinational Umbrella Programs such as Asian Development Bank, Nordic Environmental Finance Corporation (NEFCO), Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD), United Nations Environmental Program (UNEP) &United Nations Industrial Development Organization (UNIDO), United States ¿ Asia Environmental Partnership (USAEP), United States Agency for International Development (USAID), World Bank; and Country-Specific Programs such as United States Environmental Protection AgencySmall Businesses & Cleaner Production, National Pollution Prevention Roundtable (NPPR), The CNP+L of Mexico, Individual experiences in Latin-America, Australian Cleaner Production Experiences, Indonesia¿s Cleaner Production Award Model, Cleaner Production in Sri Lankan SMEs, Taiwan¿s Cleaner Production Programs, Cleaner Production in Thailand.

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