Journal articles: 'Environmental effects on plants'

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Downey, R. Keith. "Environmental Effects of Transgenic Plants." Crop Science 43, no. 1 (2003): 447. http://dx.doi.org/10.2135/cropsci2003.0447.

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Downey, R. Keith. "Environmental Effects of Transgenic Plants." Crop Science 43, no. 1 (2003): 447. http://dx.doi.org/10.2135/cropsci2003.4470.

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Charles, G., L. Rossignol, and M. Rossignol. "Environmental Effects on Potato Plants in vitro." Journal of Plant Physiology 139, no. 6 (April 1992): 708–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0176-1617(11)81715-3.

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Mareri, Lavinia, Luigi Parrotta, and Giampiero Cai. "Environmental Stress and Plants." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 23, no. 10 (May 12, 2022): 5416. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms23105416.

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Land plants are constantly subjected to multiple unfavorable or even adverse environmental conditions. Among them, abiotic stresses (such as salt, drought, heat, cold, heavy metals, ozone, UV radiation, and nutrient deficiencies) have detrimental effects on plant growth and productivity and are increasingly important considering the direct or indirect effects of climate change. Plants respond in many ways to abiotic stresses, from gene expression to physiology, from plant architecture to primary, and secondary metabolism. These complex changes allow plants to tolerate and/or adapt to adverse conditions. The complexity of plant response can be further influenced by the duration and intensity of stress, the plant genotype, the combination of different stresses, the exposed tissue and cell type, and the developmental stage at which plants perceive the stress. It is therefore important to understand more about how plants perceive stress conditions and how they respond and adapt (both in natural and anthropogenic environments). These concepts were the basis of the Special Issue that International Journal of Molecular Sciences expressly addressed to the relationship between environmental stresses and plants and that resulted in the publication of 5 reviews and 38 original research articles. The large participation of several authors and the good number of contributions testifies to the considerable interest that the topic currently receives in the plant science community, especially in the light of the foreseeable climate changes. Here, we briefly summarize the contributions included in the Special Issue, both original articles categorized by stress type and reviews that discuss more comprehensive responses to various stresses.

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Tyystjarvi, Esa. "Do Environmental Effects of Herbicide-Resistant GM Plants Differ from Effects of Other Herbicide Resistant Plants?" Open Ethics Journal 3, no. 3 (November 16, 2009): 93–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1874761200903030093.

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Lesica, Peter. "Monitoring Plants at Ecotones for Effects of Environmental Change." Natural Areas Journal 35, no. 3 (July 14, 2015): 485–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.3375/043.035.0315.

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Watson, Jack S., Clay E. Easterly, Johnnie B. Cannon, and J. B. Talbot. "Environmental Effects of Fusion Power Plants. Part II: Tritium Effluents." Fusion Technology 12, no. 3 (November 1987): 354–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.13182/fst87-a25068.

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Kwon, Hyuksoo, Jieun Ryu, Changwan Seo, Jiyeon Kim, Jaehwa Tho, Minhwan Suh, and Chonghwa Park. "Climatic and Environmental Effects on Distribution of Narrow Range Plants." Journal of the Korea Society of Environmental Restoration Technology 15, no. 6 (December 31, 2012): 17–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.13087/kosert.2012.15.6.017.

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Emmons, Cheryld L. Whaley, and John W. Scott. "Environmental and Physiological Effects on Cuticle Cracking in Tomato." Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science 122, no. 6 (November 1997): 797–801. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/jashs.122.6.797.

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Tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) cultivars and breeding lines were evaluated in the field for incidence and severity of cuticle cracking (CC) over four spring seasons at Bradenton, Fla. Resistant and susceptible genotypes were identified and easily distinguished by incidence of CC. When studied over 2 years, the amount of rain during the entire 14 days before harvest was more highly correlated with CC incidence than the amount of rain during the entire growing season or during 1 to 7 or 8 to 14 days before harvest. Attempts to induce CC by pruning leaves or fruit from plants were not successful. The incidence of CC was significantly higher for fruit from unstaked plants (39%) compared to fruit on staked plants (10%). Fruit exposed to direct sunlight, from plants that were staked and not pruned, had significantly greater incidence of CC (49%) than fruit protected by leaf cover (20%). Of 218 fruit monitored for affect of developmental stage on occurrence of CC, 62 developed CC. Of these 2%, 61%, 27%, and 10% first exhibited CC at immature-green, mature-green, breaker, and red stages, respectively. For 58% of fruit with CC, no increase in CC severity was observed as the fruit ripened. Increases in CC severity were observed more often between mature-green and breaker than between breaker and table-ripe stages of ripening.

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Easterly, Clay E., Gorman S. Hill, and Johnnie B. Cannon. "Environmental Effects of Fusion Power Plants. Part III: Potential Radiological Impact of Environmental Releases." Fusion Technology 16, no. 2 (September 1989): 125–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.13182/fst89-a29141.

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Hatterman-Valenti, H., A. Pitty, and M. Owen. "Environmental Effects on Velvetleaf (Abutilon theophrasti) Epicuticular Wax Deposition and Herbicide Absorption." Weed Science 59, no. 1 (March 2011): 14–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1614/ws-d-10-00061.1.

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Controlled environment experiments showed that velvetleaf plants grown under drought stress or low temperature (LT) treatments had greater leaf epicuticular wax (ECW) deposition compared to plants grown in soil with moisture at field capacity (FC) or a high temperature (HT) regime. Light intensity did not affect ECW deposition; however, increasing light intensity decreased the leaf ECW ester content and increased the secondary alcohol content. Plants grown at an LT regime or under FC had leaf ECW with fewer hydrocarbons and more esters than those grown at an HT or drought stress regime. Velvetleaf absorption of acifluorfen increased as light intensity decreased for plants grown in adequate soil water content, while the opposite was true for drought-stressed plants. Velvetleaf absorption of acifluorfen was approximately 3 and 10 times greater, respectively, with the addition of 28% urea ammonium nitrate (UAN) in comparison to crop oil concentrate (COC) or no adjuvant, regardless of the environmental treatments. Plants absorbed more acifluorfen when subjected to the LT regime in comparison to the HT regime when UAN was the adjuvant, while the opposite was true when COC was the adjuvant. Velvetleaf absorption of acifluorfen was not affected by drought stress when COC or no adjuvant was used and varied between studies when UAN was used. Velvetleaf absorption of bentazon was greatest for plants grown under HT/FC or high light/FC treatments and least with plants grown under HT/drought stress or low light/drought stress treatments, regardless of the adjuvant. However, bentazon absorption was higher with the addition of an adjuvant and for plants grown at a high light intensity or FC condition compared with medium to low light intensity or drought stress treatments.

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Khushnudovna, Khojaniyazova Barno. "ТHE EFFECT OF DIFFERENT ENVIRONMENTAL SALT LEVELS ON AUTUMN WHEAT GROWTH." European International Journal of Multidisciplinary Research and Management Studies 02, no. 04 (April 1, 2022): 29–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.55640/eijmrms-02-04-07.

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Soil salinity i.e. the presence of a solution of salts in the soil solution above the alternative level for plants, leads to a decrease in productivity, which has a negative impact on the growth and development of wheat plants. Complex environmental conditions lead to a decrease in product quality, which is important for the economy, while reducing the yield of wheat. Improving the salinity resistance of wheat remains one of the most pressing issues today. The most effective environmentally friendly way to increase the resistance of plants to salinity is to create varieties that are resistant to these extreme conditions and to accelerate their introduction into production.

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Tanaka, Shinsuke, Kensuke Teshima, and Eric Verhoogen. "North-South Displacement Effects of Environmental Regulation: The Case of Battery Recycling." American Economic Review: Insights 4, no. 3 (September 1, 2022): 271–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/aeri.20210201.

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This study examines the effect of a tightening of the US air quality standard for lead in 2009 on the relocation of battery recycling to Mexico and on infant health in Mexico. In the United States, airborne lead dropped sharply near affected plants, most of which were battery-recycling plants. Exports of used batteries to Mexico rose markedly. In Mexico, production increased at battery-recycling plants relative to comparable industries, and birth outcomes deteriorated within two miles of those plants relative to areas slightly farther away. The case provides a salient example of a pollution-haven effect between a developed and a developing country. (JEL F18, I12, J13, O15, Q51, Q53, Q58)

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Mitu, KJ, MA Islam, P. Biswas, S. Marzia, and MA Ali. "Effects of different environmental pollutants on the anatomical features of roadside plants." Progressive Agriculture 30, no. 4 (April 29, 2020): 344–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/pa.v30i4.46890.

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Experiments were conducted in order to investigate anatomical changes in leaves and stems of roadsides plants namely Mango (Mangifera indica), SilKoroi (Albizia procera) and Mahagony (Sweatenia mahogany). Plants that grown nearby roadside areas were exposed to various kinds of pollutants. To carry out the experiment, samples (Fresh leaves and Stems) were collected from two polluted sites and one control site. For anatomical study leaves and stems were cut into sections in the laboratory and changes were identified under the light microscopy. Results revealed that leaves of selected roadside plants had reduced cell size with black dot like substance deposited in the epidermis, palisade and spongy parenchyma in the polluted sites. But leaves of control site plants had normal anatomy. Meanwhile stem showed changes in vascular bundle of pollution affected sites but no change was found in control site. These results highlighted the importance of anatomical data for precious diagnosis of injury and to determine the sensitivity of roadside plants to different environmental pollutants. Progressive Agriculture 30 (4): 344-351, 2019

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Leopold, Devin R., Andrew J. Tanentzap, William G. Lee, Peter B. Heenan, and Tadashi Fukami. "Evolutionary priority effects in New Zealand alpine plants across environmental gradients." Journal of Biogeography 42, no. 4 (November 21, 2014): 729–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jbi.12441.

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Allan, P., J. Mc Chlery, and D. Biggs. "Environmental effects on clonal female and male Carica papaya L. plants." Scientia Horticulturae 32, no. 3-4 (July 1987): 221–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0304-4238(87)90089-6.

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Carballo, Matilde, Antonio Rodríguez, and Ana de la Torre. "Phytotoxic Effects of Antibiotics on Terrestrial Crop Plants and Wild Plants: A Systematic Review." Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology 82, no. 1 (October 20, 2021): 48–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00244-021-00893-5.

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AbstractThis review examines the state of knowledge on the phytotoxic effects of antibiotics on terrestrial crop plants and wild (non-crop) plants with the goal of evaluating differences in their sensitivity. This is important because environmental risk assessments of antibiotics currently consider their potential effects only on crop species but not wild species. Overall, we analysed 275 datasets consisting of antibiotic-plant species-endpoint combinations for germination (mg/L) and 169 datasets for plant growth (elongation and biomass) (mg/kg). EC10 and EC50 of each parameter were compared using a quotient approach, in which the geometric mean and the 5th percentile of the crop data were divided by wild data. Quotients were > 1 for elongation growth, suggesting that wild species were more sensitive than crops, while they were < 1 for biomass growth, suggesting quite the contrary. However, < 1% of the data in each dataset came from wild species, preventing definitive conclusions. Merging crop and wild data to evaluate differences in sensitivity among classes of antibiotics and plant families, we found using a linear mixed effect model and post hoc test that plants were most sensitive to phenicol and least sensitive to macrolides and tetracyclines. Further work must be conducted to gain a better understanding of the phytotoxic effects of antibiotics on terrestrial wild plants and subsequently assess whether the current approach to environmental risk assessment of antibiotics is sufficient to protect plant biodiversity.

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Mazer, Susan J., and David L. Gorchov. "Parental Effects on Progeny Phenotype in Plants: Distinguishing Genetic and Environmental Causes." Evolution 50, no. 1 (February 1996): 44. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2410779.

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Cannon, Johnnie B., Clay E. Easterly, Wallace Davis, and Jack S. Watson. "Environmental Effects of Fusion Power Plants. Part I: Effluents Other than Tritium." Fusion Technology 12, no. 3 (November 1987): 341–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.13182/fst87-a25067.

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Mazer, Susan J., and David L. Gorchov. "PARENTAL EFFECTS ON PROGENY PHENOTYPE IN PLANTS: DISTINGUISHING GENETIC AND ENVIRONMENTAL CAUSES." Evolution 50, no. 1 (February 1996): 44–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1558-5646.1996.tb04471.x.

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Voinov, O. P., and Yu G. Elkin. "BOILER PLANTS AND THE ENVIRONMENT PROTECTION FROM INDUSTRY HARMFUL EFFECTS." Bulletin of Odessa State Academy of Civil Engineering and Architecture, no. 85 (December 28, 2021): 128–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.31650/2415-377x-2021-85-128-136.

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Abstract. At present, environmental problems have become aggravated. The production process has a negative impact on the natural environment. It accumulates these harmful secondary effects. The degree of their harmful effects is increasing rapidly. The natural environment, taking into account its self-healing, undergoes dangerous, irreversible changes in its state. Now it is possible to talk only about slowing down this process. The ability to slow down and then stop the increase in the harmful impact on the natural environment is the essence of the nature conservation activities of humanity. It is necessary to move from a strategy of using the natural environment to a strategy of parity interaction with it. The problem was discussed at the Kyoto and Paris conferences of global importance. Among the branches of production, the most dangerous for the natural environment is energy. Its harmful effect is complex. Defending against it is a complex environmental issue. The adopted energy saving program actively contributes to solving the problem of saving the natural environment from degradation and death. The most environmentally aggressive element of power plants is solid fuel boiler plants. Reducing the intensity of their impact is the main direction of activities to protect the natural environment. The most difficult technical object is considered the power unit of a large thermal power plant. The most difficult part is the boiler plant. The most difficult element is the steam boiler. The level of environmental friendliness of the boiler is highly dependent on the degree of its wear. The problem of updating the fleet of boilers is of current importance. The general line of improving the environmental friendliness of production should be considered an increase in the level of environmental friendliness of power plants, especially those using fossil fuels, and a decrease in their emissions of carbon dioxide and heat. It is necessary to improve boiler installations, to increase their efficiency level, and the quality of their management. It is important to ensure the modernization of worn-out boiler installations based on their complete or partial renewal. In the formation of the power engineering of the future, the socio-psychological position of humanity must be radically changed.

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Rivas-Garcia, Tomas, Alejandro Espinosa-Calderón, Benjamin Hernández-Vázquez, and Rita Schwentesius-Rindermann. "Overview of Environmental and Health Effects Related to Glyphosate Usage." Sustainability 14, no. 11 (June 4, 2022): 6868. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su14116868.

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Since the introduction of glyphosate (N-(phosphomethyl) glycine) in 1974, it has been the most used nonselective and broad-spectrum herbicide around the world. The widespread use of glyphosate and glyphosate-based herbicides is due to their low-cost efficiency in killing weeds, their rapid absorption by plants, and the general mistaken perception of their low toxicity to the environment and living organisms. As a consequence of the intensive use and accumulation of glyphosate and its derivatives on environmental sources, major concerns about the harmful side effects of glyphosate and its metabolites on human, plant, and animal health, and for water and soil quality, are emerging. Glyphosate can reach water bodies by soil leaching, runoff, and sometimes by the direct application of some approved formulations. Moreover, glyphosate can reach nontarget plants by different mechanisms, such as spray application, release through the tissue of treated plants, and dead tissue from weeds. As a consequence of this nontarget exposure, glyphosate residues are being detected in the food chains of diverse products, such as bread, cereal products, wheat, vegetable oil, fruit juice, beer, wine, honey, eggs, and others. The World Health Organization reclassified glyphosate as probably carcinogenic to humans in 2015 by the IARC. Thus, many review articles concerning different glyphosate-related aspects have been published recently. The risks, disagreements, and concerns regarding glyphosate usage have led to a general controversy about whether glyphosate should be banned, restricted, or promoted. Thus, this review article makes an overview of the basis for scientists, regulatory agencies, and the public in general, with consideration to the facts on and recommendations for the future of glyphosate usage.

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Geier, Patrick W., Phillip W. Stahlman, and Jennifer G. Hargett. "Environmental and application effects on MON 37500 efficacy and phytotoxicity." Weed Science 47, no. 6 (December 1999): 736–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0043174500091414.

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Experiments were conducted in an environmentally controlled growth chamber to determine the effects of temperature (10/5 or 21/7 C, day/night), soil moisture (7, 14, or 20%), timing (preemergence [PRE] or postemergence [POST]), and rate (9 or 18 g ai ha−1) of application on MON 37500 efficacy onBromus secalinusL. and toxicity toTriticum aestivumL. MON 37500 reducedB. secalinusplant density an average of 40% but did not reduceT. aestivumdensity. PRE treatments reducedB. secalinusdensity 40% compared to 12% with POST applications when plants were grown at 10/5 C. Soil moisture level also influenced plant density, with 7.9 plants per pot when soil moisture was maintained at 7%, compared to 8.5 plants per pot with 14 or 20% soil moisture. MON 37500 reducedB. secalinusdry weight more at 18 g ha−1than at the 9-g ha−1rate when grown at 21/7 C, but no rate response occurred at 10/5 C. PRE applications of MON 37500 at 10/5 C decreasedB. secalinusdry weight 22% more than PRE applications at 21/7 C or POST applications under either temperature regime. However, PRE applications of MON 37500 at 21/7 C decreasedT. aestivumbiomass an average of 16%, compared to 3% or less with other treatments. At 21/7 C,B. secalinusdry weight decreased 46% as soil moisture increased from 7 to 20%.Bromus secalinuswas 10 to 12% less susceptible to MON 37500 when grown at 7% soil moisture at 10/5 C than when grown at the same temperature at 14 or 20% soil moisture.Triticum aestivuminjury was greater at 20% soil moisture under each temperature regime.

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García, Jaime. "Can environmental variation affect seedling survival of plants in northeastern Mexico?" Archives of Biological Sciences 63, no. 3 (2011): 731–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/abs1103731g.

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The effects of global warming increase the frequency and intensity of many climate events such as rainfall. We evaluated the effects of environmental conditions on early stage seedling survival of the native thorn scrub species Caesalpinia mexicana A. Gray, Celtis pallida Torr., Cordia boissieri A. DC., and Ebenopsis ebano (Berland.) Barneby and J.W. Grimes, during the summer of 2009 and 2010. The experimental design had two factors, two levels of rainfall and three microhabitats of thorn scrub: (i) open interspace, (ii) thorn scrub edge and (iii) under the canopy of dense thorn scrub. In dense thorn scrub, seedling survival was higher for Caesalpinia mexicana and Celtis pallida, and for Cordia boissieri and Ebenopsis ebano seedling survival was higher in dense thorn scrub and thorn scrub edge. The effect of rainfall on seedling survival depended on the year. Rainfall in 2010 and dense thorn scrub increased seedling survival of native species. For survival, the limiting factors of microhabitats appear to change across the years. Besides rainfall events, biological aspects like competition and mycorrhiza effects would need to be considered in models of plant establishment.

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L?vei, G. "Ecological risks and benefits of transgenic plants." New Zealand Plant Protection 54 (August 1, 2001): 93–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.30843/nzpp.2001.54.3723.

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The spread of commercial growing of transgenic crops has been very rapid with such crops being grown on 442 million ha in 13 countries in 2000 Most currently grown transgenic plants are either herbicide or insect resistant but research into other possibilities is intense There are potentially significant environmental effects of this technology as well as sharply conflicting claims about its overall impact Among perceived risks this review concentrates on the possibility of damaging ecosystem services (biological control pollination decomposition and soil fertility maintenance) and effects on biodiversity Among the benefits lower environmental contamination by fewer pesticide applications less soil erosion due to less frequent agricultural operations and lower pressure on land resources due to increased yield are listed Both potential risks and benefits need careful documentation and validation for an appropriate assessment of the total ecological effects of this technology

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Zhang, Weihao, Fuqing Xu, Wei He, Xing Zheng, and Chen Yang. "Inhibitive effects of three compositae plants on Microcystis aeruginosa." Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering in China 3, no. 1 (November 10, 2008): 48–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11783-008-0065-1.

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Nechay, A. P., and V. A. Zhukov. "Methods and means of preventing environmental pollution by marine power plants." Transactions of the Krylov State Research Centre S-I, no. 1 (December 8, 2021): 71–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.24937/2542-2324-2021-1-s-i-71-72.

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The article substantiates the relevance of the problem of environmental protection from the negative effects of ship power plants, considers the main ways and means of preventing environmental pollution by oil-containing waters and spent gases of ship power plants.

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Orozco, Blanco, Napoleón Vicente, Zúniga González, and Carlos Alberto. "Environmental Bio Economic Impact in Nicaragua." Journal of Agricultural Studies 1, no. 2 (July 21, 2013): 53. http://dx.doi.org/10.5296/jas.v1i2.4033.

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In this article the Bio economy of power plants connected to the national interconnected system of Nicaragua is analyzed, through the study of environmental effects of greenhouse gases emissions from the use of solid biomass from sugarcane bagasse and oil to generate electricity. In addition, an analysis of Cost - Benefit of investments to the electricity generation using fossil fuel and bagasse is done. The Methodology EX-Ante Carbon-balance Tool (EX-ACT) was used; this methodology was proposed by the United Nations Organization for Food and Agriculture (FAO) to determine the overall greenhouse gases (GHG) emission balance. Additionally, the WinDASI program, also developed by FAO, was used for the Cost - Benefit Analysis of investment in power plants. Furthermore, we performed marginal costing GHG reduction. The results show, that all plants are sources of GHG emissions, however the impact of sugar mills is partially positive by reforestation components and annual crops. However, the component inputs had negative environmental and socially impact. In the case of thermal power generation plants based on petroleum connected to the national grid, they were found to be sources of greenhouse gases. The analysis of the Benefit Cost in their investment indicates that there is a positive financially impact except in ALBANISA power plant and sugar Mills power plants.

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KLEMETSEN, MARIT, KNUT EINAR ROSENDAHL, and ANJA LUND JAKOBSEN. "THE IMPACTS OF THE EU ETS ON NORWEGIAN PLANTS’ ENVIRONMENTAL AND ECONOMIC PERFORMANCE." Climate Change Economics 11, no. 01 (February 2020): 2050006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s2010007820500062.

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This paper examines the impacts of the EU Emissions Trading System (ETS) on the environmental and economic performance of Norwegian plants. The ETS is regarded as the cornerstone climate policy in the EU and Norway, but there has been considerable debate regarding its effects due to low quota prices and substantial allocation of free allowances. The rich data allow us to investigate potential effects of the ETS on several important aspects of plant behavior. The results indicate a weak tendency of emissions reductions among Norwegian plants in the second phase of the ETS, but not in the other phases. We find no significant effects on emissions intensity in any of the phases, but positive effects on value added and productivity in the second phase. These positive effects may be due to the large amounts of free allowances, and that plants may have passed on additional marginal costs to consumers.

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Mitic, Nevena, Dejan Dodig, and Radomirka Nikolic. "Variability of in vitro culture response in wheat genotypes, genotype and environmental effects." Genetika 38, no. 3 (2006): 183–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/gensr0603183m.

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The tissue culture response (TCR) of immature embryos, evaluated according to callus formation, percentage of regenerative green-spotted calli and the number of plants per embryo, was investigated in 96 wheat genotypes of worldwide origins. Immature embryos were collected 12-15 DAP from field-grown plants during three successive years 2003, 2004 and 2005. Year 2003 was with high air temperatures and tropical days during a period of vegetation, while the environmental conditions were more favorable for plant growth in the next two years, 2004 and 2005. Embryos were cultured on standard MS medium containing 2 mg l-1 2, 4-D. In all genotypes calli were efficiently induced, ranging from 36.7 to 100% (2003), 68.4 to 100% (2004), and 94.3 to 100% (2005). The calli occasionally formed green spots, but frequencies markedly differed among genotypes that varied from 0 to 72.5% (2003), 0 to 97.9% (2004), and 0 to 94.0% (2005). Coefficient of variation was highest in term of percent of regenerative calli (66.7%) following by a number of plants per embryo (35.6%) and callus formation (5.1%). Components of phenotypic variance showed that factor year (71.4%) had the highest impact on expression of callus formation, genetic factor (47,1%) on percentage of regenerative green-spotted calli and interaction year/genotype (30.3%) on number of plants per embryo. The results indicated factor genotype as the most important for determining regeneration potential in wheat.

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Patterson, David T. "Effects of Environmental Stress on Weed/Crop Interactions." Weed Science 43, no. 3 (September 1995): 483–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0043174500081510.

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All environmental factors that influence plant growth potentially can affect the ability of weeds and crops to exploit the environmental resources for which plants compete. Stressful levels of environmental factors such as temperature, light, and water and nutrient availability influence weed/crop interactions directly and also may interfere with (or enhance) weed control. Weed and crop species differing in photosynthetic pathway (C3vs C4) are likely to respond differently to many of these factors. Long-term changes in the atmospheric concentrations of CO2and other radiatively-active “greenhouse gases” may exert direct physiological and indirect climatic effects on weed/crop interactions and influence weed management strategies. This review focuses on the effects of temperature, light, soil nutrients, water stress, and CO2concentration on weed/crop interactions with consideration of the potential impact of climate change.

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IMAI, Katsu. "Studies on Environmental Effects of Photosynthesis and Dry Matter Production in Crop Plants." Environment Control in Biology 40, no. 4 (2002): 403–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.2525/ecb1963.40.403.

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Weiner, J., S. Martinez, H. Muller-Scharer, P. Stoll, and B. Schmid. "How Important are Environmental Maternal Effects in Plants? A Study with Centaurea Maculosa." Journal of Ecology 85, no. 2 (April 1997): 133. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2960645.

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Kim, Myung-Hyun, Min-Kyeong Kim, Soon-Kun Choi, Jinu Eo, So-Jin Yeob, and Jeong Hwan Bang. "Selection of Indicator Plants to Evaluate the Effects of Agri-environmental Conservation Program." Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture 40, no. 3 (September 30, 2021): 169–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.5338/kjea.2021.40.3.20.

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Kim, Myung-Hyun, Min-Kyeong Kim, Soon-Kun Choi, Jinu Eo, So-Jin Yeob, and Jeong Hwan Bang. "Selection of Indicator Plants to Evaluate the Effects of Agri-environmental Conservation Program." Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture 40, no. 3 (September 30, 2021): 169–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.5338/kjea.2021.40.3.20.

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Zhang, Y., F. Y. Chen, G. Y. Liu, X. L. Jia, X. Y. Wang, W. X. Lei, M. H. Chen, Q. Zhang, Q. S. Li, and J. H. Ye. "Effects of environmental factors on fungal community diversity in rhizosphere of tea plants." Allelopathy Journal 57, no. 2 (November 2022): 179–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.26651/allelo.j/2022-57-2-1412.

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KUNIMITSU, Yoji, and Tatsuki UEDA. "Economic Effects of Installing Rice Husk Power Plants." Chiikigaku Kenkyu (Studies in Regional Science) 36, no. 3 (2006): 561–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.2457/srs.36.561.

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Wang, Xiao-Fei, and Qi-Xing Zhou. "Ecotoxicological effects of cadmium on three ornamental plants." Chemosphere 60, no. 1 (June 2005): 16–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2004.12.031.

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Andren, S., and R. Brugha. "Health effects among workers in sewage treatment plants." Occupational and Environmental Medicine 56, no. 11 (November 1, 1999): 790. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/oem.56.11.790.

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Rylander, R. "Health effects among workers in sewage treatment plants." Occupational and Environmental Medicine 56, no. 5 (May 1, 1999): 354–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/oem.56.5.354.

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Holaday, A. Scott, James R. Mahan, and Paxton Payton. "Effects of Chilling Temperatures on Photosynthesis." Journal of Cotton Science 20, no. 3 (2016): 220–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.56454/ruzd4985.

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Environmental stress is an inescapable reality for most plants growing in natural settings. Conditions of sub- or supraoptimal temperatures, water deficit, water logging, salinity, and pollution can have dramatic effects on plant growth and development, and in agricultural settings, yield. In cotton, yield is a product of the number of mature bolls produced in a given area and the amount of cotton produced by each boll. Though cotton is among the most stress-tolerant crop plants, suboptimal environmental conditions limit the yields and quality of fiber and seed. The most significant effects of abiotic stress related to yield are on fertilization, boll retention, and boll filling. Maintenance of photoassimilate supply during fruit development is critical in achieving high yields in cotton. Because photosynthesis is the driving force behind plant productivity, although not the only factor that determines yield, plants have developed numerous mechanisms that serve to protect the photosynthetic apparatus during stressful conditions. Cotton is produced across a wide range of environments and management conditions, from hot and humid subtropical to semiarid environments. Although production is limited by varying environmental conditions across these environments, it is clear that the physiological resilience to abiotic stress is considerable. We present a review of our understanding of low-temperature limitations to photosynthesis and the impact on productivity. Additionally, we use the High Plains region of Texas as a case study to highlight potential key developmental aspects of low-temperature stress on yield.

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Borden, Pamela. "ENVIRONMENTAL AND SEED TREATMENT EFFECTS ON GERMINATION AND GROWTH OF INDIAN PAINTBRUSH." HortScience 25, no. 9 (September 1990): 1100b—1100. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.25.9.1100b.

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Indian Paintbrush (genus Castilleja) is a group of attractive wildflowers in which some species are facultative parasites on native grasses during early growth. This study hopes to characterize optimum germination, cultural and host requirements of several species. Lots of 100 seed of wild-collected Castilleja coccinea (L.) Spreng. produced 22% germination without pre-treatment or presence of host plants 10 days after seeding at 21°C with 12 hours light. Seed soaked 24 hours in distilled water, 10 mg/l GA3 or-post-plant treated with Regal Crown nutrient and growth regulator soluotion did not significantly differ from above. Moist stratification at 4°C for 20 days significantly increased germination to 46%. Further stratification (up to 80 days) did not further increase germination. Additional data on light, temperature, media and presence of host plants will also be presented for this and other species.

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Li, Yujie, Cui Wang, Lei Ge, Cong Hu, Guogan Wu, Yu Sun, Lili Song, et al. "Environmental Behaviors of Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) Insecticidal Proteins and Their Effects on Microbial Ecology." Plants 11, no. 9 (April 29, 2022): 1212. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants11091212.

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Bt proteins are crystal proteins produced by Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) in the early stage of spore formation that exhibit highly specific insecticidal activities. The application of Bt proteins primarily includes Bt transgenic plants and Bt biopesticides. Transgenic crops with insect resistance (via Bt)/herbicide tolerance comprise the largest global area of agricultural planting. After artificial modification, Bt insecticidal proteins expressed from Bt can be released into soils through root exudates, pollen, and plant residues. In addition, the construction of Bt recombinant engineered strains through genetic engineering has become a major focus of Bt biopesticides, and the expressed Bt proteins will also remain in soil environments. Bt proteins expressed and released by Bt transgenic plants and Bt recombinant strains are structurally and functionally quite different from Bt prototoxins naturally expressed by B. thuringiensis in soils. The former can thus be regarded as an environmentally exogenous substance with insecticidal toxicity that may have potential ecological risks. Consequently, biosafety evaluations must be conducted before field tests and production of Bt plants or recombinant strains. This review summarizes the adsorption, retention, and degradation behavior of Bt insecticidal proteins in soils, in addition to their impacts on soil physical and chemical properties along with soil microbial diversity. The review provides a scientific framework for evaluating the environmental biosafety of Bt transgenic plants, Bt transgenic microorganisms, and their expression products. In addition, prospective research targets, research methods, and evaluation methods are highlighted based on current research of Bt proteins.

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CHEN, Jun, Donghong ZHUANG, Weijia CAI, Liyan XU, Enmin LI, Yunying WU, and Kazuo SUGIYAMA. "Inhibitory effects of four plants flavonoids extracts on fatty acid synthase." Journal of Environmental Sciences 21 (January 2009): S131—S134. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1001-0742(09)60056-5.

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Sandhu, Shahbeg S., and W. R. Lower. "In Situ Assessment of Genotoxic Hazards of Environmental Pollution." Toxicology and Industrial Health 5, no. 1 (January 1989): 73–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/074823378900500107.

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The potential impact of the environmental pollutants on human health can be evaluated by the laboratory analysis of the environmental samples or by the measurement of the biological effects on indigenous populations and/or specific test organisms placed in the environment to be monitored. A canary in a cage, used by 19th century miners as a biological indicator for rising levels of toxic gases, is a classical example of in situ hazard identification. The induced toxic effects are often the result of synergistic and antagonistic interactions among various physical and chemical factors that are difficult to reproduce in the laboratory. Therefore, conceivably the biological effects measured on or near the impacted site have greater relevancy for hazard assessment to man than from the data derived from the environmental samples analyzed in the lab. The organisms most commonly employed for the assessment of mutagenicity under real-world conditions are: (1) flowering plants, (2) wild and captive mammals, and (3) aquatic vertebrates. Plant species such as Tradescantia paludosa, Zea mays, and Osmunda regalis have been used for monitoring ambient air quality around several major industrial cities in the U.S.A., nuclear power plants, and industrial waste sites, and also for the assessment of potential health effects of municipal sewage sludges. Domestic animals such as dogs can be used as sentinels to provide information on the effects of contaminants in the environment and have been used to a limited extent to evaluate the environmental influences on the occurrence of breast cancer and osteosarcoma. Cytogenetic analysis from feral and wild animals has been employed for assessing the health hazards and prioritizing the clean-up efforts at hazardous waste sites. Aquatic animals have been used more often than terrestrial animals or plants to identify and characterize the genotoxic effects of environmental pollution. Since 1970, a number of studies has been reported on the mutagenic and neoplastic effects on aquatic animals from coastal areas and continental rivers, lakes, and ponds. The limitations of in situ environmental assessment are lack of control over the physical environmental components, inherent variability and interactions of test organisms, lack of control of exposure doses, and difficulty of finding concurrent experimental controls. Nevertheless, flowering plants, terrestrial, and aquatic animals may serve as useful sentinels and biomarkers of environmental pollution.

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De Micco, Veronica, Carmen Arena, Diana Pignalosa, and Marco Durante. "Effects of sparsely and densely ionizing radiation on plants." Radiation and Environmental Biophysics 50, no. 1 (November 27, 2010): 1–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00411-010-0343-8.

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Duke, Stephen O. "Glyphosate: environmental fate and impact." Weed Science 68, no. 3 (May 2020): 201–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/wsc.2019.28.

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AbstractGlyphosate is the most used herbicide worldwide, which has contributed to concerns about its environmental impact. Compared with most other herbicides, glyphosate has a half-life in soil and water that is relatively short (averaging about 30 d in temperate climates), mostly due to microbial degradation. Its primary microbial product, aminomethylphosphonic acid, is slightly more persistent than glyphosate. In soil, glyphosate is virtually biologically inactive due to its strong binding to soil components. Glyphosate does not bioaccumulate in organisms, largely due to its high water solubility. Glyphosate-resistant crops have greatly facilitated reduced-tillage agriculture, thereby reducing soil loss, soil compaction, carbon dioxide emissions, and fossil fuel use. Agricultural economists have projected that loss of glyphosate would result in increased cropping area, some gained by deforestation, and an increase in environmental impact quotient of weed management. Some drift doses of glyphosate to non-target plants can cause increased plant growth (hormesis) and/or increased susceptibility to plant pathogens, although these non-target effects are not well documented. The preponderance of evidence confirms that glyphosate does not harm plants by interfering with mineral nutrition and that it has no agriculturally significant effects on soil microbiota. Glyphosate has a lower environmental impact quotient than most synthetic herbicide alternatives.

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Kresovic, Branka, Zivorad Videnovic, and Miodrag Tolimir. "Genotype and environmental interaction effect on heterosis expression in maize." Genetika 36, no. 2 (2004): 171–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/gensr0402171k.

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The three-year studies on effects of irrigation and sowing densities were carried out on chernozem at Zemun Polje in the period 1998-2000. The four-replicate trial was set up according to the split-plot design. Six ZP maize hybrids (ZP 360, ZP 539, ZP 580, ZP 633, ZP 677. and ZP 704) were sown in seven densities (40,816, 50,125, 59,523, 69,686, 79,365, 89,286 and 98,522 plants ha-1) under both, irrigation and rainfed conditions. Obtained results indicate that yields of hybrids under irrigation conditions were lower at sowing densities up to 50.000 plants ha-1 (40,816 and 50,125). The hybrid ZP 539 had similar yields (13.44-13.93 t ha-1) at densities ranging from 60,000 to 100,000 plants ha-1. The highest yields of hybrids ZP 360 and ZO 580 were achieved with the densities of 80,000, 90,000 and 100,000 plants ha-1. The hybrid ZP 633 had the highest yields at the densities of 60,000-90,000 plants ha-1, while the highest yields of the hybrids ZP 677 and ZP 704 were achieved with densities of 60,000-100,000 plants ha-1. The curvilinear regression was determined by the analysis of dependence of achieved yields of maize hybrids on sowing densities. The following maximum yields could be expected under irrigation conditions: ZP 360 - 14.19 t ha-1 with the sowing density of 93,500 plants ha-1; ZP 539 - 14.03 t ha-1 with the sowing density of 78,500 plants ha-1; ZP 580 - 14.41 t ha-1 with the sowing density of 95,700 plants ha-1; ZP 633 - 13.64 t ha-1 with the sowing density of 80,000 plants ha-1: ZP 677 - 13.31 t ha-1 with the sowing density of 92,250 plants ha-1 and ZP 704 - 14.33 t ha-1 with the sowing density of 84,111 plants ha-1.

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Francini and Sebastiani. "Abiotic Stress Effects on Performance of Horticultural Crops." Horticulturae 5, no. 4 (September 26, 2019): 67. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/horticulturae5040067.

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The yield and quality of horticultural crops mainly depend on genotype, environmental conditions, and cultivation management. Abiotic stresses, such as adverse environmental conditions, can strongly reduce crop performance, with crop yield losses ranging from 50% to 70%. The most common abiotic stresses are represented by cold, heat, drought, flooding, salinity, nutrient deficiency, and high and low light intensities, including ultraviolet radiation. These abiotic stresses affect multiple physiological and biochemical processes in plants. The ability of plants to face these stresses depends on their adaptation aptitude, and tolerant plants may express different strategies to adapt to or avoid the negative effects of abiotic stresses. At the physiological level, photosynthetic activity and light-use efficiency of plants may be modulated to enhance tolerance against the stress. At the biochemical level, several antioxidant systems can be activated, and many enzymes may produce stress-related metabolites to help avoid cellular damage, including such compounds as proline, glycine betaine, amino acids, etc. This special issue gathers eight papers; three are reviews and five are research papers. Two reviews are focused on the application of appropriate agronomic strategies for counteracting the negative effects of abiotic stresses. The third review is based on ornamental plant production under drought stress conditions and the effect on their ornamental quality. The research papers report the effect of climate change on crop development, yield, and quality. Abiotic stresses have been proven to reduce crop performance and yield. Research studies are essential for understanding the key adaptation strategies of plants that can be exploited for improving the crop stress tolerance.

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PEREIRA, J. A. P., I. J. C. VIEIRA, M. S. M. FREITAS, C. L. PRINS, M. A. MARTINS, and R. RODRIGUES. "Effects of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi onCapsicumspp." Journal of Agricultural Science 154, no. 5 (July 28, 2015): 828–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021859615000714.

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SUMMARYThe benefits of mycorrhizal inoculation on growth, yield and nutrition of plants are well documented. However, mycorrhiza use in pepper and sweet pepper crops (Capsicumspp.) is still rarely exploited compared to other crops of economic importance. The current paper reviews the main aspects of the association between arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi and plants of pepper and sweet pepper. It includes topics about the effects of AM fungi on nutrition, growth and yield inCapsicumspp., paying particular attention to AM fungi–pathogen interactions, responses to some environmental stresses, as well as biochemical and physiological aspects of AM fungi–plant interaction inCapsicum annuumL.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Environmental effects on plants'

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