Relevant bibliographies by topics / Environmental effects on plants

Academic literature on the topic 'Environmental effects on plants'

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Published: 10 December 2022
Last updated: 28 January 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Environmental effects on plants"

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Downey, R. Keith. "Environmental Effects of Transgenic Plants." Crop Science 43, no. 1 (2003): 447. http://dx.doi.org/10.2135/cropsci2003.0447.

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Downey, R. Keith. "Environmental Effects of Transgenic Plants." Crop Science 43, no. 1 (2003): 447. http://dx.doi.org/10.2135/cropsci2003.4470.

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Charles, G., L. Rossignol, and M. Rossignol. "Environmental Effects on Potato Plants in vitro." Journal of Plant Physiology 139, no. 6 (April 1992): 708–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0176-1617(11)81715-3.

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Mareri, Lavinia, Luigi Parrotta, and Giampiero Cai. "Environmental Stress and Plants." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 23, no. 10 (May 12, 2022): 5416. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms23105416.

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Land plants are constantly subjected to multiple unfavorable or even adverse environmental conditions. Among them, abiotic stresses (such as salt, drought, heat, cold, heavy metals, ozone, UV radiation, and nutrient deficiencies) have detrimental effects on plant growth and productivity and are increasingly important considering the direct or indirect effects of climate change. Plants respond in many ways to abiotic stresses, from gene expression to physiology, from plant architecture to primary, and secondary metabolism. These complex changes allow plants to tolerate and/or adapt to adverse conditions. The complexity of plant response can be further influenced by the duration and intensity of stress, the plant genotype, the combination of different stresses, the exposed tissue and cell type, and the developmental stage at which plants perceive the stress. It is therefore important to understand more about how plants perceive stress conditions and how they respond and adapt (both in natural and anthropogenic environments). These concepts were the basis of the Special Issue that International Journal of Molecular Sciences expressly addressed to the relationship between environmental stresses and plants and that resulted in the publication of 5 reviews and 38 original research articles. The large participation of several authors and the good number of contributions testifies to the considerable interest that the topic currently receives in the plant science community, especially in the light of the foreseeable climate changes. Here, we briefly summarize the contributions included in the Special Issue, both original articles categorized by stress type and reviews that discuss more comprehensive responses to various stresses.
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Tyystjarvi, Esa. "Do Environmental Effects of Herbicide-Resistant GM Plants Differ from Effects of Other Herbicide Resistant Plants?" Open Ethics Journal 3, no. 3 (November 16, 2009): 93–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1874761200903030093.

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Lesica, Peter. "Monitoring Plants at Ecotones for Effects of Environmental Change." Natural Areas Journal 35, no. 3 (July 14, 2015): 485–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.3375/043.035.0315.

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Watson, Jack S., Clay E. Easterly, Johnnie B. Cannon, and J. B. Talbot. "Environmental Effects of Fusion Power Plants. Part II: Tritium Effluents." Fusion Technology 12, no. 3 (November 1987): 354–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.13182/fst87-a25068.

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Kwon, Hyuksoo, Jieun Ryu, Changwan Seo, Jiyeon Kim, Jaehwa Tho, Minhwan Suh, and Chonghwa Park. "Climatic and Environmental Effects on Distribution of Narrow Range Plants." Journal of the Korea Society of Environmental Restoration Technology 15, no. 6 (December 31, 2012): 17–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.13087/kosert.2012.15.6.017.

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Emmons, Cheryld L. Whaley, and John W. Scott. "Environmental and Physiological Effects on Cuticle Cracking in Tomato." Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science 122, no. 6 (November 1997): 797–801. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/jashs.122.6.797.

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Tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) cultivars and breeding lines were evaluated in the field for incidence and severity of cuticle cracking (CC) over four spring seasons at Bradenton, Fla. Resistant and susceptible genotypes were identified and easily distinguished by incidence of CC. When studied over 2 years, the amount of rain during the entire 14 days before harvest was more highly correlated with CC incidence than the amount of rain during the entire growing season or during 1 to 7 or 8 to 14 days before harvest. Attempts to induce CC by pruning leaves or fruit from plants were not successful. The incidence of CC was significantly higher for fruit from unstaked plants (39%) compared to fruit on staked plants (10%). Fruit exposed to direct sunlight, from plants that were staked and not pruned, had significantly greater incidence of CC (49%) than fruit protected by leaf cover (20%). Of 218 fruit monitored for affect of developmental stage on occurrence of CC, 62 developed CC. Of these 2%, 61%, 27%, and 10% first exhibited CC at immature-green, mature-green, breaker, and red stages, respectively. For 58% of fruit with CC, no increase in CC severity was observed as the fruit ripened. Increases in CC severity were observed more often between mature-green and breaker than between breaker and table-ripe stages of ripening.
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Easterly, Clay E., Gorman S. Hill, and Johnnie B. Cannon. "Environmental Effects of Fusion Power Plants. Part III: Potential Radiological Impact of Environmental Releases." Fusion Technology 16, no. 2 (September 1989): 125–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.13182/fst89-a29141.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Environmental effects on plants"

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Zavistoski, Rebecca Anne. "Hydrodynamic effects of surface piercing plants." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1994. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/38026.

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Thesis (M.S.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Civil and Environmental Engineering, 1994.
Includes bibliographical references (leaves 124-125).
by Rebecca Anne Zavistoski.
M.S.
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Ncise, Wanga. "Environmental stress effects on the phytochemistry and bioactivity responses of a South African medicinal bulbous plant, Tulbaghia violacea Harvey (Alliaceae)." Thesis, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11838/2854.

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Thesis (MTech (Horticulture))--Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2018.
Deteriorating living and environmental conditions have contributed to the increasing prevalence of diseases in plants and animals. In humans, accumulation of abnormally high levels of free radicals in the tissues has been implicated in many non-communicable diseases, such as diabetes, cancer, arthritis, ischemia, gastritis, obesity and asthma. Worldwide, there is recognition of need to improve plant and animal health. Tulbaghia violacea (Alliaceae) is a medicinal plant that is extensively harvested by traditional healers in the wild for its medicinal uses and if this practice continues, it may result in an unsolicited decline of the species in situ. Therefore, there is a need for cultivation of this species. Plant cultivation in a controlled environment for conservation purposes as well as the enhancement of yield and quality is gaining favour among farmers and consumers. The main aim of this study was to investigate the effects of altering the growing conditions by applying environmental stresses on the plant growth, antifungal and antioxidant activities of T. violacea, with the view of enhancing the future cultivation of this species for pharmaceutical companies, traditional healers and the horticulture industry. This study was divided into two parts, and the first part, which was further sub-divided into two separate preliminary experiments, is presented in chapter three. Simultaneous assessments of the effects of i) varied pH levels (pH 4, pH 6, pH 8) and ii) light intensity on plant growth, antioxidant-content and -capacity of extracts of T. violacea were carried out. The second part of the thesis consisted of a more detailed assessment of the above-mentioned independent variables and interactions thereof on plant growth, and antifungal activity of extracts of T. violacea. Results obtained from the first part of the study, showed that plants exposed to pH 6 showed a marked increase in plant height (from 25-37 cm) after 2 months of treatment although, generally, the variations of the different growth parameters among the pH treatments were not significant (p > 0.05). Antioxidant-contents and -capacity were not significantly different (p > 0.05) when pH treatments were compared. However, a high polyphenol content value (of 3 mg/g) occurred in leaves of plants exposed to pH 8. Overall, comparatively, there was no significant difference (p > 0.05) in antioxidant-content and -capacity when pH treatments. In the light experiment, decreasing light intensity led to the elongation of plant height. A higher mean shoot length of 34.6 cm was obtained under low light compared to normal light (26.5 cm) two months post-treatment. The results obtained in this study indicated that light had a significant affect (p < 0.05) on the vegetative growth of this species. In contrast, normal light intensity yielded higher antioxidant-content and -capacity. The polyphenol and flavanol content were fluctuating between the averages of 5.8 mg/g to 8.5 mg/g. Overall, there was a significant difference (p < 0.05) in the antioxidant-content and -capacity when low and normal light intensity treatments compared. In conclusion, both normal light intensity and at pH 8 induced better antioxidant results. In the second part of the study, chapter four, one-month old T. violacea plantlets were grown under two light intensities (low light and normal light) in a greenhouse and concurrently exposed to varying pH levels: pH 4, pH 6 and pH 8. Plants exposed to normal light received natural sunlight through the roof of the greenhouse, while low light intensity (40% reduction) was achieved using shade nets. Plants were drip irrigated with Nutrifeed fertilizer. Plant growth parameters such as height and fresh and dry weights were determined. Leaf samples were analysed for macro-and micro-nutrients contents. Antifungal tests were carried out on the plant extracts from the various treatments in an antifungal bioassay (minimum inhibitory concentration [MIC]). The experimental data collected were analysed using one and two-way analyses of variance (ANOVA), and Tukey HSD was used to separate the means at p < 0.05 level of significance. Varied effects of different pH levels (4, 6 and 8) and light intensities (low and normal) on plant height, and fresh and dry weights were recorded in the current study. A significant interactive (df, 2; F = 0.001; p < 0.001) effect between pH and light on fresh weight was observed. The results revealed that there was a significant difference (df, 2, 57; F = 12.63; p < 0.001) in dry weights with plants under normal light intensity and pH 4 treatment (8.285 ± 0.802 g) producing the highest dry weight. There was a significant interaction (df, 2; F = 6.4; p < 0.001) between pH and light intensity on plant dry weight. Extracts from plants grown under normal light intensity showed stronger antifungal activity at pH level 4, and MIC values ranged from 0.18 ± 0 to 0.375 ± 0.04 mg/ml at 6h and 1.5 ± 0 to 0.97 ± 0.18 mg/ml at 18h. In conclusion, this study demonstrated the interactive effects of pH and light intensity on the growth of T. violacea. These findings also confirmed that it is possible to enhance the cultivation of T. violacea under greenhouse conditions. Chapter 5 focused on the interactive effects of pH and watering regime on plant growth, nutrient uptake and antifungal activity of T. violacea plant extracts, grown hydroponically. The results showed that there were significant differences (p < 0.05) on plant growth parameters amongst the different watering regimes under normal light intensity. Broadly, two trends occurred in the results: firstly, more macro-nutrients were taken up by plants in the higher frequency watering intervals as opposed to higher tissue micronutrient nutrient values for plants grown under the lower light intensity conditions. The levels of N, P, K, Mg nutrient uptake differed significantly in plants (p < 0.001) among watering interval periods. On the other hand, plants simultaneously exposed to extended watering intervals of 21-day and low light intensity showed more bioactivity of the crude extracts against F. oxysporum in the MIC bioassay. Based on the current results, a combination of shorter watering interval and normal light intensity favoured plant growth and development, while plants grown under low light intensity with longer watering interval showed good bioactivity. Broadly, these results demonstrated that varying pH, light intensity, and watering regime can influence plant growth, secondary metabolite contents and antifungal activity of crude extracts of T. violacea. These findings will contribute to the current body of knowledge around cultivation of indigenous medicinal plants. The study will further benefit the conservation of medicinal plant initiatives, increased income of small-scale farmers and potentially promote indigenous knowledge by increasing the availability of South African medicinal plants.
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Dodds, Heather Anne. "An investigation into vanadium contamination of soil and its effects on plants." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 1994. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/17002.

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Bibliography: pages 64-67.
This study constitutes a preliminary assessment of the behaviour of effluent-associated vanadium, and its possible effects on the biotic components of land treatment sites, used for the disposal of liquid industrial wastes from a chemical plant in the eastern Transvaal. A review of the literature showed that although the emission of vanadium into the environment is on the increase, very little information is available regarding its behaviour and impact as an environmental pollutant. This study is therefore important not only in the context of the land treatment operation in question, but clearly in a more universal context as well. The study involved a three-phase approach to the problem. Firstly, vanadium sorption was considered in four soils encountered on the sites in question. Secondly, an investigation was conducted into the potential toxicity of vanadium to relevant plant species. Finally, the potential inhibition of soil biological activity at increasing levels of vanadium was examined, although the results of this experiment were inconclusive.
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Memon, Ejaz. "Environmental effects of thermal power plant emissions : a case study /." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape4/PQDD_0016/MQ55524.pdf.

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Hobson, Colin Desmond. "Environmental and socio-economic effects associated with the planting of Atriplex nummularia Lindl. (Oldman saltbush) in the Karoo." Thesis, Rhodes University, 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1001894.

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This study examines the environmental and socio-economic effects associated with the planting of Atriplex nummularia Lindl. (Oldman saltbush) in the karoo. This is the first study of its kind on oldman saltbush and serves as an important scoping exercise in assessing the impact of saltbush on its surrounds and in identifying additional aspects which require investigation. The environmental parameters investigated include microclimatic effects, soil induced changes, salinity effects on the germination of selected karoo species and compositional changes in the indigenous plant community within a saltbush plantation. When compared to indigenous karoo plant species oldman saltbush is found to ameliorate soil temperatures and increase surface soil salinity (specifically sodium chloride), on an individual plant basis. Salinity is shown to have a differential effect on the germination of selected karoo shrubs. The indigenous plant community within a forty year old saltbush plantation is impoverished with both density of individuals and species richness being markedly reduced. Saltbush is identified as an unsuitable nurse plant for the majority of karoo shrubs. Farm size in relation to both actual and intended area established to saltbush is considered. The area of saltbush already established in the karoo is considered too insignificant to have any wide socio-economic impact. Farmers who intend planting large areas of their farms to saltbush are in the minority. It is those farmers who already have some saltbush planted, who intend planting more. Ecologically based management guidelines are presented, suggesting practices which minimize the detrimental effects of saltbush on soil salinity and the indigenous plant community. These guidelines are practical and in keeping with the overall objectives of optimum resource utilisation and the national grazing strategy for South Africa.
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Davey, Jared. "The effects of invasive alien plants on cultural ecosystem services : tourism and recreation." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/9238.

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Includes bibliographical references.
With the continued spread of invasive alien vegetation in South Africa, there is a growing need and recognition in protecting ecosystem service delivery. While most literature on ecosystem services has focussed on provisioning and supporting services, this study looks at the less addressed cultural ecosystem services, specifically focussing on tourism and recreation. This research explores the relationship between tourism and invasive alien vegetation. This was carried out at firstly a national level, utilising primarily quantitative methods to identify, and map alien vegetation overlaps with key tourist sites in South Africa. This was followed by a more in-depth qualitative analysis, at a case study level, focussed on the Stellenbosch municipality, to determine the understanding and perceptions, tourists, landowners, and tourism operators have regarding invasive alien plants. Moderate to high levels of infestation were found overlapping various key tourism destinations across the country. The most heavily impacted provinces include the Western Cape, Eastern Cape, and KwaZulu-Natal. In certain areas, invasion levels at key tourist destinations raise concerns regarding the management of these sites. The findings of this research signify a close link and definite relationship between tourism, and invasive alien vegetation. Looking specifically at tourism as a cultural ecosystem service, and the relationship this service has with invasive alien vegetation, future studies need to recognise the significance of this association, while the broader tourism industry needs to recognise the potential threats invasive alien vegetation poses to their operations. Furthermore, this research identifies the value in combining qualitative, human dimensions, with quantitative data and mapping approaches in ecosystem services research.
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Pattison, Zarah. "Effects of invasive alien plants on riparian vegetation and their response to environmental factors." Thesis, University of Stirling, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/1893/25404.

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Biological invasions are reportedly one of the major contributory factors to biodiversity loss worldwide. The impacts of invasive alien plant (IAP) species on native communities are widely documented in the scientific literature, however, there is still a lack of detailed information on their impacts within the most vulnerable habitats. Riparian habitats are highly dynamic systems and naturally disturbed, making them particularly vulnerable to invasion. Climate change, directly or indirectly, is also predicted to adversely impact river systems, which may subsequently alter invasion rates and the impacts of IAPs. However, the interactions between climate and IAPs and their combined effects on vegetation have rarely been examined. To address these knowledge gaps, this thesis investigates: (1) the role of environmental variables, such as sediment loading or climate-related changes to river flow regime, on the abundance of IAPs within riparian zones; (2) how variation in IAP abundance impacts native vegetation, relative to the effects of native dominant plant species and (3) some of the mechanisms underlying the effects of IAPs in riparian habitats. Historic and recent field survey data were used to investigate changes in riparian vegetation on British rivers during the last 20 years. Analyses indicate that IAPs had a negative but small effect on native plant diversity. Overall, changes in land use and differences in flow regime between recording periods were the most important predictors of plant community change. Specifically, IAPs had a greater probability of being present along lowland rivers that experienced increased frequency of high flow events. On a local scale across rivers in Scotland, the abundance of IAPs was constrained by greater soil moisture in summer, whilst greater abundance was associated with tree-lined banks. Both native dominant species and IAPs negatively affected subordinate species abundance to a greater extent than species richness, although this effect varied spatially with bank elevation. Artificial turf mats were used to quantify viable propagules within riverine sediment deposited over-winter along invaded riverbanks. The data indicate that there is a legacy effect of IAP abundance, with the most invaded sites being associated with higher sediment loading the following year, though, contrary to the general pattern, 12 sediment associated propagules were scarcer at invaded sites. Moreover, lower above-ground native diversity was associated with sites which had been previously invaded. Plant species composition in the propagule bank and above-ground vegetation were highly dissimilar, particularly closest to the water’s edge at highly invaded sites. This suggests that mono-specific stands of IAPs proliferate best under less disturbed environmental conditions, although fluvial disturbance events may be required to create opportunities for initial establishment. The propagule bank contributed very little to the above-ground vegetation, nor did it limit invasion, suggesting that above-ground plant composition is largely dictated by competitive interactions. The findings presented in this thesis suggest that invasion by IAPs is an additional stressor for native vegetation within riparian habitats, modifying above-ground plant communities via competition and suppressing recruitment from the propagule bank. However, native dominant species common in riparian habitats also negatively impact, subordinate species via competition, in some cases equalling the effect of IAPs. Native dominant and IAP species are differently affected by environmental factors operating in the riparian zone, which may provide future opportunities for reducing and managing invasions.
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Iven, Mark Edward. "An analysis of the inhibitory effects of linolenic acid upon photosystem II of higher plants." PDXScholar, 1989. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/3893.

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This study utilizes steady state fluorescence measurements, flash-induced P680+ absorption transients, and DCIP reduction kinetics to study the inhibitory effects of linolenic acid (LA) upon Photosystem II (PSII) in whole spinach chloroplasts and insideout wheat thylakoids. It confirms the presence within PSII of LA-induced inhibition of energy trapping and/or primary charge separation (i.e., primary inhibition), in addition to donor side inhibition. The latter is diminished in the presence of 1,5-Diphenylcarbohydrazide (DPC) and probably takes place at the oxygen evolving complex. Primary inhibition, which is more controversial, probably occurs between Ph and QA, with a likely contribution at the level of PSII energy trapping. In addition, the ability of Mg2+ to delay a drop in steady state fluorescence intensity normally associated with thylakoid exposure to LA is explained by the ability of this cation to confer resistance to LA-induced destacking of thylakoid membranes. Steady state fluorescence results in the presence of DCMU, dithionite and LA also support the presence of an additional acceptor between Ph and QA. This acceptor, designated here as "R." is proposed not to be a sequential member of the transport chain, but may be accessible to it via QA when the chain blocked, such as with DCMU.R- is proposed to exert a coulombic effect upon Ph, thereby affecting the degree of primary charge recombination. It may be related to one of the several acceptors already proposed by others and the need for more study is stressed in order to confirm or refute its existence.
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Xu, Zhen. "Environmental toxicity testing of chemicals : application of higher plants as test organism to investigate phytotoxic effects /." Aachen : Shaker, 2004. http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&doc_number=012998832&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA.

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Wheeler, Alan David. "Impacts of grazing systems on Nama Karoo phytodiversity." Thesis, Cape Technikon, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11838/2030.

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Thesis (MTech (Nature Conservation))--Cape Technikon, 2003.
The study was carried out on two adjacent farms on the plains of the Nama Karoo near Beaufort West. The impacts of three grazing treatments (a) zero grazing (b) non-selective grazing (c) conventional grazing, on plant diversity and certain vegetation parameters were compared. Unpredictable and variable rainfall and major disturbance events such as droughts drive vegetation change in the Nama Karoo. Major recruitment events are rare and can determine Karoo vegetation composition for many years. The diversity of plant species plays an important role in determining vegetation composition during major recruitment events and following drought or disturbance such as grazing. Grazing can influence the composition, abundance and seed production of Karoo plants and in so doing influence the future abundance of desirable and undesirable forage species. These changes may only become evident over long periods, but small changes in vegetation as a response to grazing treatment can accumulate considerably over time.On the farm Elandsfontein, studies have shown that non-selective grazing leads to a higher plant turnover rate, resulting in more vigorous and productive plants, and improved ecosystem functioning. However there is no evidence of this grazing system promoting or reducing plant diversity. The aim of this study was to test whether the non-selective grazing system promoted or reduced plant diversity compared to no grazing and conventional grazing. The hypothesis was that there were no differences between the grazing treatments in terms of plant diversity or any of the vegetation parameters measured. To evaluate this hypothesis, plant data were collected from the three grazing treatments using the Modified-Whittaker vegetation sampling method. The method was further modified for this study to allow for accurate abundance measurements rather than estimates, and an increased area for recording species richness. Using various diversity indices that incorporate species richness and the proportional abundance of species, plant diversity values for each treatment were obtained. No differences in terms of plant diversity were found between the treatments. A significant difference between treatments was found in the density of plants, particularly in perennial grasses and shrubs. Canopy cover percentage did not differ for individual species or as total cover between the treatments.
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Books on the topic "Environmental effects on plants"

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Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development., ed. Environmental effects of electricity generation. Paris: Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, 1985.

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Phytochemical Society of North America. Meeting. Phytochemical effects of environmental compounds. New York: Plenum Press, 1987.

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International Union of Scientific Unions. Monitoring and Assessment Research Centre., United Nations Environment Programme. Global Environment Monitoring System., and King's College (University of London), eds. Biological monitoring of environmental contaminants (plants). London: Monitoring and Assessment Research Center, 1986.

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J, Rozema, and Verkleij J. A. C, eds. Ecological responses to environmental stresses. Dordrecht: Kluwer Academic Publishers, 1991.

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Nontarget effects of agricultural fungicides. Boca Raton, Fla: CRC Press, 1988.

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Strebel, Donald E. Mitigating cumulative effects of power plants by carbon sequestration. Annapolis, MD: Maryland Dept. of Natural Resources, 2003.

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NATO Advanced Research Workshop on Biochemical and Physiological Mechanisms Associated with Environmental Stress Tolerance in Plants (1987 Norwich, England). Environmental stress in plants: Biochemical and physiological mechanisms. Berlin: Springer-Verlag, 1989.

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S, Basra Amarjit, and Basra Ranjit K, eds. Mechanisms of environmental stress resistance in plants. Amsterdam, The Netherlands: Harwood Academic, 1997.

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Prinsenberg, S. J. Effects of hydro-electric projects on Hudson Bay's marine and ice environments. Ottawa: Hudson Bay Programme = Programme sur la Baie d'Hudson, 1994.

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Weinstein, L. H., and A. Davison, eds. Fluorides in the environment: effects on plants and animals. Wallingford: CABI, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/9780851996837.0000.

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Book chapters on the topic "Environmental effects on plants"

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Major, D. J. "Environmental Effects on Flowering." In Hybridization of Crop Plants, 1–15. Madison, WI, USA: American Society of Agronomy, Crop Science Society of America, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.2135/1980.hybridizationofcrops.c1.

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Tevini, Manfred. "UV-B Effects on Plants." In Environmental Pollution and Plant Responses, 83–97. Boca Raton: Routledge, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9780203756935-5.

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Weinert, Nicole, Remo Meincke, Michael Schloter, Gabriele Berg, and Kornelia Smalla. "Effects of Genetically Modified Plants on Soil Microorganisms." In Environmental Microbiology, 235–58. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9780470495117.ch10.

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Flowers, T. S., and A. R. Yeo. "Effects of Salinity on Plant Growth and Crop Yields." In Environmental Stress in Plants, 101–19. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-73163-1_11.

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Bornman, Janet F., and Alan H. Teramura. "Effects of Ultraviolet-B Radiation on Terrestrial Plants." In Environmental UV Photobiology, 427–71. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4899-2406-3_14.

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Carrubba, Alessandra. "Weed and Weeding Effects on Medicinal Herbs." In Medicinal Plants and Environmental Challenges, 295–327. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-68717-9_17.

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Bortier, Katrien, Reinhart Ceulemans, and Ludwig de Temmerman. "Effects of Tropospheric Ozone on Woody Plants." In Environmental Pollution and Plant Responses, 153–82. Boca Raton: Routledge, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9780203756935-9.

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Li, Lianzhen, Jie Yang, Qian Zhou, Willie J. G. M. Peijnenburg, and Yongming Luo. "Uptake of Microplastics and Their Effects on Plants." In The Handbook of Environmental Chemistry, 279–98. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/698_2020_465.

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Järup, L. "Health Effects of Exposure to Metals from Manufacturing Plants." In Environmental Health for All, 69–76. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-4740-8_6.

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Miller, Joseph E. "Effects of Ozone and Sulfur Dioxide Stress on Growth and Carbon Allocation in Plants." In Phytochemical Effects of Environmental Compounds, 55–100. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-1931-3_3.

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Conference papers on the topic "Environmental effects on plants"

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Grigoriev, Yu S., E. S. Stravinskene, O. E. Kryuchkova, and N. V. Pakharkova. "Delayed chlorophyll fluorescence in assessing the effects of adverse environmental factors on plants." In IX Congress of society physiologists of plants of Russia "Plant physiology is the basis for creating plants of the future". Kazan University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.26907/978-5-00130-204-9-2019-136.

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Li, H. Y., Y. Zhang, B. R. Song, F. H. He, and Z. H. Chen. "Allelopathic effects of four wetland plants on seed germination and plant growth." In International Conference on Environmental Science and Biological Engineering. Southampton, UK: WIT Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.2495/esbe140411.

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SUBIĆ, Jonel, and Marko JELOČNIK. "ECONOMIC EFFECTS OF PUBLIC SUPPORT IN PROMOTION OF COOPERATIVES IN SERBIA." In Competitiveness of Agro-Food and Environmental Economy. Editura ASE, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.24818/cafee/2021/10/12.

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Agricultural cooperatives are excellent tool for strengthening the competitiveness of overall agriculture and individual farms. In previous period there are significant state support allocated to affirmation and development of reasonable entrepreneurial initiatives related to agricultural cooperatives. Even more are valued the sustainable business ideas that have initiated organization of processing at the cooperative level. The main goal of paper is to present the part of mechanism for assessing the economic effectiveness of planed investment in medicinal plants production and processing at selected agricultural cooperative that will be granted from public fund. Investment project suppose the modernization and purchase of missing production elements that will boost the production results of observed cooperative active in sector of medicinal plants. To perceive if or how much the investment is internally/externally economically welcomed, it will be conducted the investment analysis based on use of common static methods. Besides the strengthening of cooperative economic sustainability, both sides, i.e. policy maker and agricultural cooperative, are expecting that realization of investment will surely has certain ecological and social impact to cooperative and local community. Gained results of investment analysis show that supporting the investment in medicinal plant production and processing could be a win-win combination for observed cooperative and local community it belongs.
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Duan, Zhiyong, Shuibo Xie, Zhenfu Chen, Jingsong Wang, and Zhi Li. "Effects of Aquatic Plants in Constructed Wetlands to Removal of Water Pollutants." In World Environmental and Water Resources Congress 2018. Reston, VA: American Society of Civil Engineers, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/9780784481431.024.

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Iwasaki, Masanobu, Yasukazu Takada, and Takao Nakamura. "Evaluation of Environmental Fatigue in PWR PLM Activities." In ASME 2005 Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference. ASMEDC, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2005-71509.

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It is important to evaluate environmental fatigue for establishing long-term maintenance plans as part of Plant Life Management (PLM) activities for nuclear power plants. In Japan, the former MITI requested the utilities in 2000 to use “The Guidelines for Evaluating Fatigue Initiation Life Reduction in LWR Environment (MITI guidelines)” for PLM evaluation. In 2002, Thermal and Nuclear Power Engineering Society (TENPES) issued the guidelines for applying the evaluation formulas of MITI guidelines to actual plants. At present, fatigue evaluations taking into account environmental effects as part of PLM activities are conducted in accordance with these guidelines. This paper describes how a typical PWR plant conducts such an evaluation. The Japan Society of Mechanical Engineers (JSME) is now drawing up a code for environmental fatigue evaluation, incorporating the latest data on fatigue experiments and know-how on fatigue evaluation. After being issued, this code will be used to evaluate environmental fatigue in PLM activities.
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Tom, Eugene, Milton Dong, and Hong Ming Lee. "Study of the Effects of Environment in the Fatigue Analysis on Existing LWR as Proposed in USNRC RG 1.207." In ASME 2009 Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference. ASMEDC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2009-77915.

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US NRC Regulatory Guide 1.207 Rev. 0 provides guidance for use in determining the acceptable fatigue life of ASME pressure boundary components, with consideration of the light-water reactor (LWR) environment. Because of significant conservatism in quantifying other plant-related variables (such as cyclic behavior, including stress and loading rates) involved in cumulative fatigue life calculations, the design of the current fleet of reactors is satisfactory. For new plants under design and current operating plants considering applying for License Renewal, the environment effects may need to be considered in the design. RG 1.207 proposes using an environmental correction factor (Fen) to account for LWR environments by correcting the fatigue usage calculated with the ASME “air” curves. The Fen method is presented in NUREG/CR-6909, “Effect of LWR Coolant Environments on the Fatigue Life of Reactor Materials”. By definition, Fen is the ratio of fatigue life of the component material at room temperature air environments to its fatigue life in LWR coolant at operating temperature. To incorporate environmental effects into the fatigue evaluation, the fatigue usage is calculated using provisions set forth in Section III of the ASME Code, and is adjusted by multiplying a correction factor. The calculated Fen values are then used to incorporate environmental effects into ASME fatigue usage factor evaluation. Once the environmental correction factors have been determined, the previously calculated allowable number of cycles for each load set pair based on the current Code fatigue design curve can be adjusted to determine the new fatigue usage factors for environmental effects. This paper presents a study of the effect of the Regulatory Guide if it is to be implemented on the current fleet of LWR. A quick assessment of the sensitivity of the various environmental parameters is also included in this paper. The comparison of environmental effects between the simplified approach in this paper and the results with detailed computer analyses, such as Unisont’s propriety computer code UPIPENB (Ref. 4), will be our next research project to be presented in the future conference.
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Nakamura, Takao, Itaru Saito, and Yasuhide Asada. "Guidelines on Environmental Fatigue Evaluation for LWR Component." In ASME 2003 Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference. ASMEDC, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2003-1780.

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Japanese utilities and vendors have taken environmental effects on fatigue (EF) into consideration in the plant life management (PLM) activity of operating plants for several years. In Sep. 2000 MITI notified the utilities to adopt “The Guidelines for Evaluating Fatigue Initiation Life Reduction in LWR Environment (MITI guidelines)” for PLM evaluation of operating plants [1]. In April 2001, the study started to establish detailed procedures for EF evaluation and the committee was organized for developing detailed guidelines at Thermal and Nuclear Power Engineering Society (TENPES). The evaluation guidelines were completed and published as TENPES guidelines [2]. These guidelines proposed several practical options to apply fatigue life reduction factor for environmental effects (Fen) on actual operating plant fatigue evaluation.
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Boo, Myung-Hwan, Kyoung Soo Lee, Hyun-Su Kim, and Chang-Kyun Oh. "Environmental Fatigue and Fatigue Monitoring System in Korea." In ASME 2016 Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2016-63374.

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In accordance with the recommendation of USNRC and the U.S. license renewal experiences, the effect of reactor coolant environment on the fatigue life has to be considered for the continued operation of operating nuclear power plants as well as for the design of new plants in Korea. The reason is that it is very important to maintain the structural integrity and reliability of the nuclear power plants against the fatigue failure during operation. Fatigue monitoring system has been considered as a practical way to ensure safe operation of the nuclear power plants in terms of the fatigue. The fatigue monitoring system evaluates various plant conditions and their effects on the monitored location to give quantified value that indicates accumulated fatigue damage up to date. From this, the authors have developed a fatigue monitoring system, named NuFMS (Nuclear Fatigue Monitoring System) in web environment and has been being applied widely to Korean nuclear plants. In this paper, overall configuration and characteristics of the NuFMS are described in detail.
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Yuan, Mengdie, Lei Liu, Xun Wang, Ji Liu, Wei Jiang, and Lijin Lin. "Effects of Intercropping with Tolerant Plants on Cadmium Accumulation of Brassica chinensis." In 2017 2nd International Conference on Civil, Transportation and Environmental Engineering (ICCTE 2017). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/iccte-17.2017.121.

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VAUGHAN, WILLIAM, and B. ANDERSON. "Environmental effects consideration: A case study - Lessons learned." In AlAA 4th International Aerospace Planes Conference. Reston, Virigina: American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/6.1992-5075.

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Reports on the topic "Environmental effects on plants"

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Mosquna, Assaf, and Sean Cutler. Systematic analyses of the roles of Solanum Lycopersicum ABA receptors in environmental stress and development. United States Department of Agriculture, January 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2016.7604266.bard.

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Drought and other abiotic stresses have major negative effects on agricultural productivity. The plant hormone abscisic acid (ABA) regulates many responses to environmental stresses and can be used to improve crop performance under stress. ABA levels rise in response to diverse abiotic stresses to coordinate physiological and metabolic responses that help plants survive stressful environments. In all land plants, ABA receptors are responsible for initiating a signaling cascade that leads to stomata closure, growth arrest and large-scale changes in transcript levels required for stress tolerance. We wanted to test the meaning of root derived ABA signaling in drying soil on water balance. To this end we generated transgenic tomato lines in which ABA signaling is initiated by a synthetic agonist- mandipropamid. Initial study using a Series of grafting experiments indicate that that root ABA signaling has no effect on the immediate regulation of stomata aperture. Once concluded, these experiments will enable us to systematically dissect the physiological role of root-shoot interaction in maintaining the water balance in plants and provide new tools for targeted improvement of abiotic stress tolerance in crop plants.
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Suter, G. W. II, M. E. Will, and C. Evans. Toxicological benchmarks for screening potential contaminants of concern for effects on terrestrial plants. Environmental Restoration Program. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), September 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/10142325.

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Wolf, Shmuel, and William J. Lucas. Involvement of the TMV-MP in the Control of Carbon Metabolism and Partitioning in Transgenic Plants. United States Department of Agriculture, October 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/1999.7570560.bard.

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The function of the 30-kilodalton movement protein (MP) of tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) is to facilitate cell-to-cell movement of viral progeny in infected plants. Our earlier findings have indicated that this protein has a direct effect on plasmodesmal function. In addition, these studies demonstrated that constitutive expression of the TMV MP gene (under the control of the CaMV 35S promoter) in transgenic tobacco plants significantly affects carbon metabolism in source leaves and alters the biomass distribution between the various plant organs. The long-term goal of the proposed research was to better understand the factors controlling carbon translocation in plants. The specific objectives were: A) To introduce into tobacco and potato plants a virally-encoded (TMV-MP) gene that affects plasmodesmal functioning and photosynthate partitioning under tissue-specific promoters. B) To introduce into tobacco and potato plants the TMV-MP gene under the control of promoters which are tightly repressed by the Tn10-encoded Tet repressor, to enable the expression of the protein by external application of tetracycline. C) To explore the mechanism by which the TMV-MP interacts with the endogenous control o~ carbon allocation. Data obtained in our previous project together with the results of this current study established that the TMV-MP has pleiotropic effects when expressed in transgenic tobacco plants. In addition to its ability to increase the plasmodesmal size exclusion limit, it alters carbohydrate metabolism in source leaves and dry matter partitioning between the various plant organs, Expression of the TMV-MP in various tissues of transgenic potato plants indicated that sugars and starch levels in source leaves are reduced below those of control plants when the TMV-MP is expressed in green tissue only. However, when the TMV-MP was expressed predominantly in PP and CC, sugar and starch levels were raised above those of control plants. Perhaps the most significant result obtained from experiments performed on transgenic potato plants was the discovery that the influence of the TMV-MP on carbohydrate allocation within source leaves was under developmental control and was exerted only during tuber development. The complexity of the mode by which the TMV-MP exerts its effect on the process of carbohydrate allocation was further demonstrated when transgenic tobacco plants were subjected to environmental stresses such as drought stress and nutrients deficiencies, Collectively, these studies indicated that the influence of the TMV-MP on carbon allocation L the result of protein-protein interaction within the source tissue. Based on these results, together with the findings that plasmodesmata potentiate the cell-to-cell trafficking of viral and endogenous proteins and nucleoproteins complexes, we developed the theme that at the whole plant level, the phloem serves as an information superhighway. Such a long-distance communication system may utilize a new class of signaling molecules (proteins and/or RNA) to co-ordinate photosynthesis and carbon/nitrogen metabolism in source leaves with the complex growth requirements of the plant under the prevailing environmental conditions. The discovery that expression of viral MP in plants can induce precise changes in carbon metabolism and photoassimilate allocation, now provide a conceptual foundation for future studies aimed at elucidating the communication network responsible for integrating photosynthetic productivity with resource allocation at the whole-plant level. Such information will surely provide an understanding of how plants coordinate the essential physiological functions performed by distantly-separated organs. Identification of the proteins involved in mediating and controlling cell-to-cell transport, especially at the companion cell-sieve element boundary, will provide an important first step towards achieving this goal.
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Harman, Gary E., and Ilan Chet. Enhancing Crop Yield through Colonization of the Rhizosphere with Beneficial Microbes. United States Department of Agriculture, December 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2001.7580684.bard.

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At the start of this project, fungi in the genus Trichoderma were known to be potent biocontrol agents, and their primary mechanism was considered to via direct effects upon the target fungi. Due in large part to the efforts of the two PIs, we now know that this view is far too limited; while Trichoderma spp. do indeed have direct effects on pathogenic fungi, they have very far reaching effects directly upon plants. Indeed, these fungi must be considered as opportunistic plant symbionts; they provide a number of benefits to plants and themselves are favored by large numbers of healthy roots. Research under this BARD grant has demonstrated that These fungi induce resistance mechanisms in plants. They increase root development and depth of rooting; Bradyrhizobium enhances this effect in soybean. They enhance uptake of plant nutrients. They have abilities to solubilize nutrients, such as oxidized metals and insoluble phosphorus compounds by a variety of different mechanisms and biochemicals. This is a marked expansion of our knowledge of the abilities of these organisms. This knowledge has direct implications for understanding of basic plant responses and abilities, and already is being used to improve plant productivity and reduce pollution of the environment.
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Seginer, Ido, Daniel H. Willits, Michael Raviv, and Mary M. Peet. Transpirational Cooling of Greenhouse Crops. United States Department of Agriculture, March 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2000.7573072.bard.

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Background Transplanting vegetable seedlings to final spacing in the greenhouse is common practice. At the time of transplanting, the transpiring leaf area is a small fraction of the ground area and its cooling effect is rather limited. A preliminary modeling study suggested that if water supply from root to canopy is not limiting, a sparse crop could maintain about the same canopy temperature as a mature crop, at the expense of a considerably higher transpiration flux per leaf (and root) area. The objectives of this project were (1) to test the predictions of the model, (2) to select suitable cooling methods, and (3) to compare the drought resistance of differently prepared seedlings. Procedure Plants were grown in several configurations in high heat load environments, which were moderated by various environmental control methods. The difference between the three experimental locations was mainly in terms of scale, age of plants, and environmental control. Young potted plants were tested for a few days in small growth chambers at Technion and Newe Ya'ar. At NCSU, tomato plants of different ages and planting densities were compared over a whole growing season under conditions similar to commercial greenhouses. Results Effect of spacing: Densely spaced plants transpired less per plant and more per unit ground area than sparsely spaced plants. The canopy temperature of the densely spaced plants was lower. Air temperature was lower and humidity higher in the compartments with the densely spaced plants. The difference between species is mainly in the canopy-to-air Bowen ratio, which is positive for pepper and negative for tomato. Effect of cooling methods: Ventilation and evaporative pad cooling were found to be effective and synergitic. Air mixing turned out to be very ineffective, indicating that the canopy-to-air transfer coefficient is not the limiting factor in the ventilation process. Shading and misting, both affecting the leaf temperature directly, proved to be very effective canopy cooling methods. However, in view of their side effects, they should only be considered as emergency measures. On-line measures of stress: Chlorophyll fluorescence was shown to accurately predict photosynthesis. This is potentially useful as a rapid, non-contact way of assessing canopy heat stress. Normalized canopy temperature and transpiration rate were shown to correlate with water stress. Drought resistance of seedlings: Comparison between normal seedlings and partially defoliated ones, all subjected to prolonged drought, indicated that removing about half of the lowermost leaves prior to transplanting, may facilitate adjustment to the more stressful conditions in the greenhouse. Implications The results of this experimental study may lead to: (1) An improved model for a sparse canopy in a greenhouse. (2) A better ventilation design procedure utilizing improved estimates of the evaporation coefficient for different species and plant configurations. (3) A test for the stress resistance of transplants.
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Kurzeja, R. J., R. W. Taylor, J. Sharma, and L. T. Burckhalter. Environmental effects of the July 31, 1987 tritium release from the Savannah River Plant. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), October 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/7130595.

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Nechushtai, Rachel, and Philip J. Thornber. The Effects of an Environmental Stress (Temperature) on the Photosynthetic Apparatus of Higher Plant. United States Department of Agriculture, December 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/1993.7603807.bard.

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Tsur, Yacov, David Zilberman, Uri Shani, Amos Zemel, and David Sunding. Dynamic intraseasonal irrigation management under water scarcity, water quality, irrigation technology and environmental constraints. United States Department of Agriculture, March 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2007.7696507.bard.

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In this project we studied optimal use and adoption of sophisticated irrigation technologies. The stated objectives in the original proposal were to develop a conceptual framework for analyzing intra-season timing of water application rates with implications for crop and irrigation technology selection. We proposed to base the analysis on an intra-seasonal, dynamic, agro-economic model of plants' water demand, paying special attention to contamination of groundwater and soil in intensively cultivated areas that increasingly rely on water of lesser quality. The framework developed in the project integrates (i) a bio-physical model of water flow in the vadose zone and water uptake by plants and yield response with (ii) a dynamic management model to determine the optimal intra-season irrigation policy. It consists of a dynamic optimization model to determine irrigation rates at each point of time during the growing season and aggregation relating harvested yield with accumulated water input. The detailed dynamic approach provides a description of yield production processes at the plant’s level, and serves to determine intra-season irrigation decisions. Data derived from extensive field experiments were used to calibrate the model's parameters. We use the framework to establish the substitution between irrigation technology (capital) and water inputs; this is an important property of irrigation water productivity that has been overlooked in the literature. Another important feature investigated is the possibility to substitute fresh and saline water with a minimal productivity loss. The effects of soil properties and crop characteristics on optimal technology adoption have also been studied. We find that sandy soil, with low water holding capacity, is more conducive to adoption of sophisticated drip irrigation, as compared to heavier soils in which drainage losses are significantly smaller.
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Harms, Nathan, Judy Shearer, James Cronin, and John Gaskin. Geographic and genetic variation in susceptibility of Butomus umbellatus to foliar fungal pathogens. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), August 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/41662.

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Large-scale patterns of plant invasions may reflect regional heterogeneity in biotic and abiotic factors and genetic variation within and between invading populations. Having information on how effects of biotic resistance vary spatially can be especially important when implementing biological control because introduced agents may have different Impacts through interactions with host-plant genotype, local environment, or other novel enemies. We conducted a series of field surveys and laboratory studies to determine whether there was evidence of biotic resistance, as foliar fungal pathogens, in two introduced genotypes (triploid G1, diploid G4) of the Eurasian wetland weed, Butomus umbellatus L. in the USA. We tested whether genotypes differed in disease attack and whether spatial patterns in disease incidence were related to geographic location or climate for either genotype. After accounting for location (latitude, climate), G1 plants had lower disease incidence than G4 plants in the field (38% vs. 70%) but similar pathogen richness. In contrast, bioassays revealed G1 plants consistently received a higher damage score and had larger leaf lesions regardless of pathogen. These results demonstrate that two widespread B. umbellatus genotypes exhibit different susceptibility to pathogens and effectiveness of pathogen biological controls may depend on local conditions.
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Lieth, J. Heiner, Michael Raviv, and David W. Burger. Effects of root zone temperature, oxygen concentration, and moisture content on actual vs. potential growth of greenhouse crops. United States Department of Agriculture, January 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2006.7586547.bard.

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Soilless crop production in protected cultivation requires optimization of many environmental and plant variables. Variables of the root zone (rhizosphere) have always been difficult to characterize but have been studied extensively. In soilless production the opportunity exists to optimize these variables in relation to crop production. The project objectives were to model the relationship between biomass production and the rhizosphere variables: temperature, dissolved oxygen concentration and water availability by characterizing potential growth and how this translates to actual growth. As part of this we sought to improve of our understanding of root growth and rhizosphere processes by generating data on the effect of rhizosphere water status, temperature and dissolved oxygen on root growth, modeling potential and actual growth and by developing and calibrating models for various physical and chemical properties in soilless production systems. In particular we sought to use calorimetry to identify potential growth of the plants in relation to these rhizosphere variables. While we did experimental work on various crops, our main model system for the mathematical modeling work was greenhouse cut-flower rose production in soil-less cultivation. In support of this, our objective was the development of a Rose crop model. Specific to this project we sought to create submodels for the rhizosphere processes, integrate these into the rose crop simulation model which we had begun developing prior to the start of this project. We also sought to verify and validate any such models and where feasible create tools that growers could be used for production management. We made significant progress with regard to the use of microcalorimetry. At both locations (Israel and US) we demonstrated that specific growth rate for root and flower stem biomass production were sensitive to dissolved oxygen. Our work also identified that it is possible to identify optimal potential growth scenarios and that for greenhouse-grown rose the optimal root zone temperature for potential growth is around 17 C (substantially lower than is common in commercial greenhouses) while flower production growth potential was indifferent to a range as wide as 17-26C in the root zone. We had several set-backs that highlighted to us the fact that work needs to be done to identify when microcalorimetric research relates to instantaneous plant responses to the environment and when it relates to plant acclimation. One outcome of this research has been our determination that irrigation technology in soilless production systems needs to explicitly include optimization of oxygen in the root zone. Simply structuring the root zone to be “well aerated” is not the most optimal approach, but rather a minimum level. Our future work will focus on implementing direct control over dissolved oxygen in the root zone of soilless production systems.
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