Journal articles on the topic 'Environmental education – United States – History'
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1
Sullivan, Charles. "LOCAL ROOTS, GLOBAL BRANCHES: ELEMENT OF SECONDARY HISTORY EDUCATION IN THE UNITED STATES." Journal of Social Studies (JSS) 13, no. 1 (November 21, 2017): 82–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.21831/jss.v13i1.17740.
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The history of American education is a history of local control. Symbolized by the image of the one-room “little red schoolhouse”, from our nation’s beginnings, schools have been under the direction of local communities. Teachers were hired by local school boards, who paid their salaries and often provided housing and food as well. Curriculum was also set locally, although often through the choice of textbooks, or primers, that were the published work of various education “experts” from other places. Importantly, teachers were also fired locally. As a result, American education has long been quite sensitively calibrated to local outlooks, concerns and politics.
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Dorn, Charles. "«A New Global Ethic»: A History of the United Nations International Environmental Education Program, 1975-1995." Foro de Educación 18, no. 2 (July 2, 2020): 83–108. http://dx.doi.org/10.14516/fde.808.
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In 1975, the United Nations, under the auspices of its Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) and Environment Program (UNEP), established the International Environmental Education Program (IEEP). For two decades, IEEP aimed to accomplish goals ascribed to it by UNESCO member states and fostered communication across the international community through Connect, the UNESCO-UNEP environmental education newsletter. After reviewing UNESCO’s early involvement with the environment, this study examines IEEP’s development, beginning with its conceptual grounding in the 1968 UNESCO Biosphere Conference. It examines the 1972 United Nations Conference on the Human Environment held in Stockholm, moves on to the UNESCO-UNEP 1975 Belgrade Workshop, and continues with the world’s first intergovernmental conference dedicated to environmental education held in Tbilisi in 1977. The paper then uses Connect to trace changes in the form and content of environmental education. Across two decades, environmental education shifted from providing instruction about nature protection and natural resource conservation to fostering an environmental ethic through a problems-based, interdisciplinary study of the ecology of the total environment to adopting the concept of sustainable development. IEEP ultimately met with mixed success. Yet it was the primary United Nations program assigned the task of creating and implementing environmental education globally and thus offers a particularly useful lens through which to analyze changes in the international community’s understanding of the concept of the environment over time.
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Surkov, F. "INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION PROGRAMS ON ENVIRONMENTAL EDUCATION OF ROSTOV STATE UNIVERSITY." ECOLOGY ECONOMY INFORMATICS. GEOINFORMATION TECHNOLOGIES AND SPACE MONITORING 2, no. 6 (2021): 9–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.23885/2500-123x-2021-2-6-9-11.
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During 1991–1998 at the Rostov State University, some programs related to the problems of environmental education were carried out. These programs kicked off with a visit to the United States by a delegation of environmental education specialists at the invitation of the Tennessee Valley Authority’s Environmental Protection Unit. The implemented programs of cooperation, details of their implementation, and the results achieved are listed. The importance of involving schoolchildren and schoolteachers in the implementation of these programs was pointed out. The history of the emergence of the Center for Geoinformation Technologies of the Southern Federal University is described and the master’s program currently being carried out on its basis is mentioned
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Akil, Luma, and Hafiz Anwar Ahmad. "Socioeconomic impacts of COVID-19 pandemic on foodborne illnesses in the United States." European Journal of Environment and Public Health 7, no. 2 (April 1, 2023): em0128. http://dx.doi.org/10.29333/ejeph/12585.
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Foodborne diseases continue to impact human health and the economy. The COVID-19 pandemic has dramatically affected the food system from production to consumption. This project aims to determine the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the spread of foodborne diseases and the factors that may have contributed, including environmental, behavioral, political, and socioeconomic. Data for this study were collected from The Foodborne Diseases Active Surveillance Network (FoodNet) for 2015-2020. FoodNet personnel located at state health departments regularly contact the clinical laboratories in Connecticut (CT), Georgia (GA), Maryland (MD), Minnesota (MN), New Mexico (NM), Oregon (OR), Tennessee (TN), and selected counties in California (CA), Colorado (CO), and New York (NY). Data were analyzed using SAS to determine the changes in rates of foodborne pathogens reported in FoodNet before and during the COVID-19 pandemic in the ten reporting states. Results of the study showed a significant decline in the incidences of foodborne diseases ranging between 25% and 60%. A geographical variation was also observed between California and states with the highest decline rate of foodborne illnesses. Policies and restrictions, in addition to environmental and behavioral changes during the COVID-19 pandemic, may have reduced rates of foodborne diseases.
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Elia, John P., and Jessica Tokunaga. "Sexuality education: implications for health, equity, and social justice in the United States." Health Education 115, no. 1 (January 5, 2015): 105–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/he-01-2014-0001.
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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to examine how school-based sexuality education has had a long and troubled history of exclusionary pedagogical practices that have negatively affected such populations as lesbian, gay, bisexual, trans, queer (LGBTQ) individuals, people of color, and the disabled. The social ecological model is introduced as a way of offering sexuality educators and school administrators a way of thinking more broadly about how to achieve sexual health through sexuality education efforts inside and outside of the school environment. Design/methodology/approach – This paper uses critical analysis of current and historical school-based sexuality education methods and curricula used in the USA. Authors use both academic journals and their own expertise/experience teaching sexuality education in the USA to analyze and critique the sources of sexuality education information and curricula used in schools. Findings – Historically, sexuality education in school settings in the USA has been biased and has generally not offered an educational experience fostering sexual health for all students. There are now welcome signs of reform and movement toward a more inclusive and progressive approach, but there is still some way to go. Sexuality education programs in schools need to be further and fundamentally reformed to do more to foster sexual health particularly for LGBTQ individuals, students of color, and people with disabilities. Practical implications – This paper offers sexuality educators ways of addressing structural issues within the sexuality education curriculum to better serve all students to increase the quality of their sexual health. Integrating critical pedagogy and anti-oppressive education can increase students’ sexual health along physical, social, emotional, intellectual, and spiritual dimensions. Originality/value – This paper provides historical analysis along with the identification of structural difficulties in the sexuality education curriculum and proposes both critical pedagogy and anti-oppressive education as ways of addressing sex and relationships education.
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Bixler, Robert D., J. Joy James, and Carin E. Vadala. "Environmental Socialization Incidents with Implications for the Expanded Role of Interpretive Naturalists in Providing Natural History Experiences." Journal of Interpretation Research 16, no. 1 (April 2011): 35–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/109258721101600104.
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Natural history has all but disappeared from formal education in the United States. This places the responsibility of introducing people to natural history within nonformal educational settings, with interpretive naturalists taking a leading role. This qualitative study of the life histories of 51 natural history-oriented professionals establishes additional roles for interpretive naturalists interacting with and programming for people with an emerging interest in natural history. Young adults with a strong interest in competency in natural history topics were characterized by having access to a variety of natural environments, social support, opportunities to develop environmental competencies, and accumulation of many and varied environmental experiences that resulted in creation of robust personal and social identities around natural history. Findings suggest that the work of interpretive naturalists is part of an amorphous web of people, places, institutions, and personal experiences that foster an interest in natural history. Of particular importance for interpreters is planning and presenting program-to–program transitions (PTPT) for visitors.
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Yeh, Ming-Chin, Nina S. Parikh, Alison E. Megliola, and Elizabeth A. Kelvin. "Immigration Status, Visa Types, and Body Weight Among New Immigrants in the United States." American Journal of Health Promotion 32, no. 3 (December 1, 2016): 771–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0890117116677797.
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Purpose: To investigate the relationship between immigration-related factors and body mass index (BMI) among immigrants. Design: Secondary analyses of cross-sectional survey data. Setting: The New Immigrant Survey (NIS-2003) contains data from in-person or telephone interviews between May and November 2003, with a probability sample of immigrants granted legal permanent residency in the United States. Participants: A total of 8573 US immigrants. Measures: The NIS-2003 provided data on sociobehavioral domains, including migration history, education, employment, marital history, language, and health-related behaviors. The visa classifications are as follows: (1) family reunification, (2) employment, (3) diversity, (4) refugee, and (5) legalization. Analysis: Nested multivariable linear regression analysis was used to estimate the independent relationships between BMI and the variables of interest. Results: Overall, 32.6% of participants were overweight and 11.3% were obese (mean BMI = 25). Participants who were admitted to the United States with employment, refugee, or legalization visas compared with those who came with family reunion visas had a significantly higher BMI ( P < .001, P < .001, P < .01, respectively). Duration in the United States predicted BMI, with those immigrants in the United States longer having a higher BMI ( P < .001). Conclusion: Our findings suggest that immigrants who obtain particular visa categorizations and immigration status might have a higher risk of being overweight or obese. Immigrants need to be targeted along with the rest of the US population for weight management interventions.
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Kelly, Orla. "The Silver Bullet? Assessing the Role of Education for Sustainability." Social Forces 99, no. 1 (January 22, 2020): 178–204. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/sf/soz144.
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Abstract The United Nations 2030 agenda for sustainable development calls on nation states to invest in national development trajectories that promote both human and environmental well-being. Given the complexity of this plan, and the increasing severity of the climate crisis, understanding the relationship between nations’ social and environmental outcomes is a critical task for social scientists. Raising national rates of educational attainment is a cornerstone national and international governance goal. This paper integrates Amartya Sen’s conceptualization of education as the expansion of human capabilities, with the ecological modernization position that more educated societies may be less ecologically intensive, and tests the resultant hypothesis that gains in education may support global sustainability. Specifically, this study uses two-way fixed effects longitudinal modeling techniques to assess the relationship between national educational attainment and the carbon intensity of well-being (CIWB) for 76 nations between 1960 and 2010. The CIWB ratio is a well-established metric for sustainability within sociology. The findings indicate that gains in educational attainment played an important historical role in reducing the carbon intensity with which nation states produce well-being for its citizens. Less encouraging, from a global sustainability perspective, is the uneven distribution of these desirable effects across regions, and the diminishment of the education effect over time in all regions outside of advanced economies.
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Matthews, Derrick D. "Leveraging a Legacy of Activism: Black Lives Matter and the Future of HIV Prevention for Black MSM." AIDS Education and Prevention 30, no. 3 (June 2018): 208–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1521/aeap.2018.30.3.208.
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This year marks the 30th anniversary of AIDS Education and Prevention. As we approach the United Nations goal of ending the AIDS epidemic by 2030, it is a useful time to reflect on and learn from history. In the United States, no such endeavor can be successful without addressing the specific context of Black men who have sex with men. In this commentary I highlight factors that led us to a state in which Black MSM represent approximately a quarter of all people living with HIV in the United States. I also look back at the power of activism during the beginning of the HIV epidemic. Using Black Lives Matter as a contemporary framework, I highlight natural linkages between activism 30 years ago, its incarnation and relationship to public health today, and its promise as the way forward in achieving the elimination of AIDS for Black MSM by 2030.
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Berg, Joel, and Angelica Gibson. "Why the World Should Not Follow the Failed United States Model of Fighting Domestic Hunger." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 2 (January 12, 2022): 814. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19020814.
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Many industrialized nations have followed the lead of the United States (US) in reducing workers’ wages and cutting government safety nets, while giving their populaces the false impression that non-governmental organizations can meet the food and basic survival needs of their low-income residents. The history of the last 50 years and the global COVID-19 pandemic demonstrate why that is a mistake, leading to vastly increased household food insecurity, poverty, and hunger. This paper takes a close look at US data to help to better understand the significant impact US federal government policy measures had on limiting hunger throughout the pandemic and how we can learn from these outcomes to finally end hunger in America and other developed nations. The top three policy prescriptions vital in ending household food insecurity in the US and industrialized countries are as follows: (1) to create jobs; raise wages; make high quality healthcare and prescription medicine free; and ensure that high quality childcare, education, transportation, and broad-band access are affordable to all; (2) to enact a comprehensive “Assets Empowerment Agenda” to help low-income people move from owing to owning in order to develop middle-class wealth; and (3) when the above two steps are inadequate, ensure a robust government safety net for struggling residents that provides cash, food, and housing assistance.
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Ramirez-Valles, Jesus. "Global Citizen, Immigrant, Survivor, Activist, Gayby Boomer, Academic, and Editor: Dr. Sy and the History of AIDS Education and Prevention." AIDS Education and Prevention 30, no. 3 (June 2018): 267–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1521/aeap.2018.30.3.267.
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In this 30th anniversary of AIDS Education and Prevention, we turn our attention to its founder and editor, Dr. Francisco Sy. I trace Dr. Sy's trajectory, from growing up in a Filipino-Chinese family in Manila to Harvard, Johns Hopkins, South Carolina, and then to the journal. The loss of friends and colleagues to the AIDS epidemic stands out as Sy's driving force behind the journal. AIDS Education and Prevention was also created to fill a tremendous gap in the field: a scientific platform to circulate and discuss research on HIV and AIDS prevention. Over its life course, the content of the journal has mirrored the life of epidemic. Initially, the articles focused on knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors, mostly in the United States. Now, the articles deal with health interventions and pre-exposure prophylaxis, with authors coming from all over the globe. In Sy's opinion, HIV will become endemic, as other infectious diseases have over our history of epidemics, so the role of journals such as AIDS Education and Prevention will remain vital.
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Chong, Angela A. "Elusive Kodály Part I: Searching for Hungarian Influences in US Preschool Music Education." Hungarian Cultural Studies 15 (July 19, 2022): 33–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.5195/ahea.2022.463.
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This paper is the first part of two articles exploring whether and how Hungarian music pedagogues have influenced early childhood music education in the United States. Using less-known publications and archived materials, this study moves beyond the well-documented history of the Hungarian pedagogue, Zoltán Kodály’s influence upon American general music education to focus on Kodály’s early childhood concepts, which form the backbone of the Hungarian philosophy of music education. Through the lives and work of the Hungarian and American music educators, Katinka Dániel, Katalin Forrai, Sister Lorna Zemke and Betsy Moll, I delineate a pedigree of distinguished female Kodály protégés professing a passion for Hungarian early childhood music pedagogy that did not mainstream into US preschools. In words spoken by and about these scholar-educators, my research locates the systemic and cultural factors contributing to the challenge of implementing Hungarian musical ideas in US preschools. To round out a description of the elusive Kodály influence on US early childhood music, this analysis also draws upon my own Los Angeles experience in searching for a quality Kodály education for my young toddlers.
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Johnson, Erik W., and Philip Schwadel. "Political Polarization and Long-Term Change in Public Support for Environmental Spending." Social Forces 98, no. 2 (January 22, 2019): 915–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/sf/soy124.
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Abstract Public support for environmental protection has evinced declines in recent years that are widely attributed to growing antipathy among self-identified Republicans. Fractures in what was long considered broad and enduring support for the environment in the United States have called attention to the broader socio-political context in which individual opinion on the environment is formed, and especially the role of political parties and their leaders in shaping opinion. Empirical analyses of environmental support, however, remain strongly focused on individual-level correlates of support. We apply recent methodological advances in age-period-cohort models to scrutinize changes in Americans’ willingness to pay more for environmental protection between 1973 and 2014. Analyses distinguish the importance of individual traits, such as political identification, from cohort and especially period-based fluctuations that result from changing economic and political conditions. Individual-level covariate results are reflective of previous research on environmental opinion (e.g., age is negatively and education positively associated with environmental support). We further find that political context across time periods matters as much as, and interacts with, individual political affiliation to influence support for the environment. Americans of all political stripes demonstrate decreases in support for environmental spending during Democratic presidential administrations and during difficult economic times. Declines during Democratic presidencies are especially pronounced among Republicans. Analyses also highlight parallels between the high levels of political polarization in environmental support found at the end of the Obama Presidency and the end of the Carter era.
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Hoffman, Hannah I., Walter G. Bradley, Celia Y. Chen, Erik P. Pioro, Elijah W. Stommel, and Angeline S. Andrew. "Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis Risk, Family Income, and Fish Consumption Estimates of Mercury and Omega-3 PUFAs in the United States." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 9 (April 24, 2021): 4528. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18094528.
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Most amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) cases are considered sporadic, without a known genetic basis, and lifestyle factors are suspected to play an etiologic role. We previously observed increased risk of ALS associated with high nail mercury levels as an exposure biomarker and thus hypothesized that mercury exposure via fish consumption patterns increases ALS risk. Lifestyle surveys were obtained from ALS patients (n = 165) and n = 330 age- and sex-matched controls without ALS enrolled in New Hampshire, Vermont, or Ohio, USA. We estimated their annual intake of mercury and omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) via self-reported seafood consumption habits, including species and frequency. In our multivariable model, family income showed a significant positive association with ALS risk (p = 0.0003, adjusted for age, sex, family history, education, and race). Neither the estimated annual mercury nor omega-3 PUFA intakes via seafood were associated with ALS risk. ALS incidence is associated with socioeconomic status; however, consistent with a prior international study, this relationship is not linked to mercury intake estimated via fish or seafood consumption patterns.
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Coyle, Jennifer Logan. "The Arc of Justice: The Ethical Implications of Framing the HIV/AIDS Pandemic as a National Security Threat: An Annotated Bibliography." International Quarterly of Community Health Education 23, no. 1 (April 2003): 39–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.2190/mu1x-mp31-cf6u-6t4e.
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This annotated bibliography explores the ethical implications of the U.S. Government's reframing of HIV/AIDS in Africa from a public health to a national security threat in the late 1990s. It emphasizes the advantages and disadvantages from a utilitarian viewpoint of likely increased national agenda and funding priority in the United States and the offsetting potential distrust of developing countries about the long history of U.S. exploitation and colonialism. The annotated selections are drawn primarily from U.S. Government documents and news reports during 1999–2000 when this transition was occurring.
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Leonard, James A., Jenna B. Wells, and Ethan S. Brandler. "Awareness of Prostate Cancer and Screening Modalities Among Long Island Men." American Journal of Men's Health 11, no. 2 (December 5, 2016): 365–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1557988316681219.
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Despite advances in prostate cancer (PC) treatment and outcomes, it remains one of the most commonly diagnosed cancers and the second leading cause of cancer mortality in men. Furthermore, there exist little data about patient awareness of PC and the frequency of screening. Adult men (470) presenting to the emergency department at a tertiary care center (Stony Brook University) between 2014 and 2015 were surveyed orally for their perceived risk of PC, awareness of PC and screening modalities, and screening history. In a population that mirrors the racial demographics of the United States, it was observed that significant disparities in awareness of PC exist among several populations including those at greatest risk. This study revealed an important opportunity for education on PC and screening modalities among the population of men at risk.
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Belsky, Daniel W., Benjamin W. Domingue, Robbee Wedow, Louise Arseneault, Jason D. Boardman, Avshalom Caspi, Dalton Conley, et al. "Genetic analysis of social-class mobility in five longitudinal studies." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 115, no. 31 (July 9, 2018): E7275—E7284. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1801238115.
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A summary genetic measure, called a “polygenic score,” derived from a genome-wide association study (GWAS) of education can modestly predict a person’s educational and economic success. This prediction could signal a biological mechanism: Education-linked genetics could encode characteristics that help people get ahead in life. Alternatively, prediction could reflect social history: People from well-off families might stay well-off for social reasons, and these families might also look alike genetically. A key test to distinguish biological mechanism from social history is if people with higher education polygenic scores tend to climb the social ladder beyond their parents’ position. Upward mobility would indicate education-linked genetics encodes characteristics that foster success. We tested if education-linked polygenic scores predicted social mobility in >20,000 individuals in five longitudinal studies in the United States, Britain, and New Zealand. Participants with higher polygenic scores achieved more education and career success and accumulated more wealth. However, they also tended to come from better-off families. In the key test, participants with higher polygenic scores tended to be upwardly mobile compared with their parents. Moreover, in sibling-difference analysis, the sibling with the higher polygenic score was more upwardly mobile. Thus, education GWAS discoveries are not mere correlates of privilege; they influence social mobility within a life. Additional analyses revealed that a mother’s polygenic score predicted her child’s attainment over and above the child’s own polygenic score, suggesting parents’ genetics can also affect their children’s attainment through environmental pathways. Education GWAS discoveries affect socioeconomic attainment through influence on individuals’ family-of-origin environments and their social mobility.
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Early, Jody, and Dan Bustillos. "An Internet for Some threatens health for All: What effects could the repeal of net neutrality in the USA have on individual and population health?" Global Health Promotion 27, no. 2 (August 30, 2018): 109–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1757975918785354.
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In the United States of America, the Federal Communications Commission’s repeal of the popular Open Internet Order (a.k.a ‘net neutrality’) has yielded pointed criticism from many different sectors, but it has yet to be examined for its potential effect on the public’s health. In this commentary, we focus on the health implications of this policy change, considering expert opinion on the subject, past history, and global perspectives. We argue that the repeal of net neutrality has the potential to compromise health education and promotion efforts by widening the ‘digital divide’, thereby impairing health literacy and exacerbating health inequities. By negatively affecting people’s ability to access, understand, and use unbiased, evidence-based health information to improve and maintain their health, the repeal of net neutrality may hinder the World Health Organization’s vision of ‘ Health for All’ by dismantling public protections in the name of corporate profit.
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Hammill, Tanisha L., Elizabeth McKenna, Quintin Hecht, Kari Buchanan, and Nina Pryor. "I’m Wearing My Hearing Protection – Am I Still At Risk for Hearing Loss? Lurking Ototoxins in the Military Environment." Military Medicine 184, Supplement_1 (March 1, 2019): 615–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/milmed/usy329.
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Abstract Objective Information is summarized from the overall body of published literature regarding ototoxic chemicals encountered outside of clinical exposures, largely in occupational settings. While summarizing the most common non-pharmaceutical ototoxins, this review provides clinically relevant information and recommendations such that hearing health professionals may adopt a more comprehensive and appropriate diagnostic case history, test battery, documentation scheme, and education delivery. Methods Solvents, metals, and asphyxiants literature was reviewed using PubMed, national and international agency websites, and communications with known ototoxicity experts. Results Initial intentions to summarize the existing programs for occupational ototoxicity monitoring fell short when it was discovered that such programs have not yet formalized across the major oversight agencies in the United States. Instead, recommended guidance documents and fact sheets, which highlight existing occupational exposure limits and suggest monitoring and education are discussed. Conclusions While evidence in humans is limited, potentially ototoxic substances are worthy of improved surveillance and further research to understand their ototoxic mechanisms, effects, and possible mitigation strategies. A triad approach of monitoring, protecting, and educating is recommended for effective prevention of hearing loss: the Department of Defense Hearing Center of Excellence’s Comprehensive Hearing Health Program model employs such an approach.
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Bennett, Erica. "Learning by Design." Bulletin for the Study of Religion 51, no. 1 (November 8, 2022): 35–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1558/bsor.23549.
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The January 6, 2020 insurrection at the United States Capitol Building confirmed and challenged many people’s assumptions about how religion functions in society. As the events of that day continue to be reviewed by government officials, scholars, and public audiences, the Uncivil Religion Project has become an invaluable resource in those endeavors. Spearheaded by Prof. Mike Altman at the University of Alabama and Jerome Copulsky and Peter Manseau from the Smithsonian National Museum of American History, the collaborative web project is both a media-rich digital archive and scholarly anthology on this pivotal historical moment. Altman led a team of graduate students in the University of Alabama’s Religion in Culture MA program in the development of the site. Bulletin editorial assistant Erica Bennet interviewed Ciara Eichorst, Katie Johnson, and Phoebe Duke-Mosier to learn how this project not only took shape, but also impacted their education in the academic study of religion.
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Tsyrkot, Igor, Petro Kovalchuk, Igor Biryuk, Igor Martsenyak, Iryna Kukovska, and Angelica Molodyanu. "Historical essay on the formation and basic methods of kinesiology." Current issues of social sciences and history of medicine 30, no. 2 (May 13, 2021): 94–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.24061/2411-6181.2.2021.277.
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The article presents the history of one of the relatively new areas in medicine - applied kinesiology, which is actively developing in the United States, West Europe and is popularized and actively implemented in Ukraine. The authors present the basic principles of kinesiological influence, concepts and statements underlying applied kinesiology. Considerable attention is paid to the characteristics of the main diagnostic method of applied kinesiology, which is manual muscle testing (MMT). The uniqueness of this diagnostic method, which can help in the diagnosis of neuro-musculoskeletal dysfunction before the signs of chronicity of such processes, has been stated in the article. It is noted that MMT is a very important diagnostic tool, which is increasingly being used in combination with other clinical research ethods. The article emphasizes the constantly growing interest in the methods of applied kinesiology in Ukraine. Conclusions are made about the possibility and necessity of integrating the course on the basics of Professional Applied Kinesiology into educational programs of higher education institutions in the field of "Health Care" (III-IV level of accreditation) which will increase the level of training of medical professionals, allow the implementation of these methods in clinical practice and significantly improve preventive and diagnostic processes.
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McDonald, Marian. "Anti-Sterilization Abuse Organizing: A Retrospective Examination." International Quarterly of Community Health Education 9, no. 2 (July 1988): 111–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.2190/dr9w-ffal-03qv-jafl.
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November 1988 marks the tenth anniversary of the U.S. Government's adoption of guidelines for federally-funded sterilizations. This action was the result of years of organizing by the anti-sterilization abuse movement which grew in the early 1970s in response to the alarming increase in numbers of coercive sterilizations, particularly among poor and minority women. This retrospective examination looks at the strengths and weaknesses of anti-sterilization abuse organizing in the United States, and draws out lessons for other areas of work. It begins by exploring the problem of sterilization abuse and the history of the movement against it. The movement is analyzed using key theoretical concepts of community organizing. An evaluation indicates that the anti-abuse efforts were successful and rich with lessons for reproductive rights and other popular health struggles today.
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DeMaria, Andrea L., Beth Sundstrom, Stephanie M. McInnis, and Emily Rogers. "Perceptions and correlates of pubic hair removal and grooming among college-aged women: a mixed methods approach." Sexual Health 13, no. 3 (2016): 248. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sh15034.
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Background Although much is known about behavioural indicators of pubic hair removal, current research lacks deeper cognitive reasoning and understanding through utilising quantitative and qualitative methodologies. The purpose of this study was to: (1) describe and understand pubic hair removal behaviours using a quantitative survey; and (2) examine the relationship between pubic hair removal, sexual behaviours and genital self-image using in-depth interviews. Methods: Data were collected from women aged 18–24 years living in the United States. Overall, 663 participants completed an online survey and 53 completed in-depth interviews. Questions asked related to pubic hair removal and sexual history. Results: Participants removed hair for hygiene, comfort and sensation purposes, which was a personal decision influenced by family, friends and the media. Race, pubic hair removal initiation age, genital image and sexual behaviours were significantly related to pubic hair removal. Conclusions: Data from this study prove that further education regarding safe pubic hair removal methods is needed, especially for those who initiate pubic hair removal and sexual behaviours concurrently.
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Singh, Bawa, and Vijay Kumar Chattu. "Prioritizing ‘equity’ in COVID-19 vaccine distribution through Global Health Diplomacy." Health Promotion Perspectives 11, no. 3 (August 18, 2021): 281–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.34172/hpp.2021.36.
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With over 4 million deaths worldwide, the current coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)pandemic is regarded as one of the worst pandemics in history. With its wider devastating consequences, even so-called affluent countries could not provide full coverage for COVID-19vaccines and medications to all of their citizens. Against this backdrop, the main aim of this article is to examine how Global Health Diplomacy (GHD) can play a role in prioritizing vaccine equity in the global health agenda in the fight against COVID-19. The majority of developed countries’ healthcare systems have been exposed and have reached a tipping point.After the completion of eighteen months of the pandemic, only five countries were able to produce vaccines for the treatment of COVID-19. This pandemic has divided the world into two blocs: those with vaccines, such as the United States, the United Kingdom, Russia, China, and India; and those without, such as the rest of the world. The greatest challenges are vaccine inequalities, inequities and distribution, which undermine the global economic recovery. Many poor countries are still waiting for the initial doses to be delivered to their citizens, while some rich nations are planning for booster doses. GHD plays a critical role in establishing successful global collaborations, funding mechanisms and ensuring international cooperation through the combined efforts of all stakeholders. Besides, global solidarity is necessary to lessen the wider gaps between the vaccination status of rich and poor nations. Therefore, through GHD, the vaccine gaps and inequities can be addressed to strengthen global health security and accelerate global economic recovery.
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Ford, Carol A. "The role of Society for Adolescent Health and Medicine in training of health professionals." International Journal of Adolescent Medicine and Health 28, no. 3 (August 1, 2016): 339–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ijamh-2016-5020.
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Abstract The Society for Adolescent Health and Medicine (SAHM) was created by health professionals committed to identifying and better addressing the health needs of adolescents and young adults, and this work has continued for nearly 50 years. The society initially focused primarily on clinical education, but has evolved to include educational activities providing clinical, research, policy, advocacy, and professional development content. Strategies have included high-quality annual meetings designed to meet the educational needs of its multi-disciplinary membership, publishing an internationally recognized journal, and developing strategic collaborations to advocate for legitimacy of the field and reform in health profession education. Historically, SAHM has been most successful at increasing specialized training in the United States among physicians, and primarily pediatricians, likely driven by the nuances of the development of adolescent medicine in this country. Successes are often linked to strategic collaborations with other professional organizations, and have been facilitated by federally funded initiatives to improve adolescent and young adult health. Recent efforts to improve professional training are focused on the use of technology, and SAHM is also currently exploring strategies to directly reach adolescents, young adults, and their parents. As the society becomes increasingly multidisciplinary and international, members have extraordinary opportunities to learn from each other, build upon lessons learned, and collaborate. Descriptions of the history of SAHM’s training-focused efforts, selected highlights, and current priorities will be used to illustrate this long-standing commitment to the training of health professionals.
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Zimba, Rebecca, Matthew L. Romo, Sarah G. Kulkarni, Amanda Berry, William You, Chloe Mirzayi, Drew A. Westmoreland, et al. "Patterns of SARS-CoV-2 Testing Preferences in a National Cohort in the United States: Latent Class Analysis of a Discrete Choice Experiment." JMIR Public Health and Surveillance 7, no. 12 (December 30, 2021): e32846. http://dx.doi.org/10.2196/32846.
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Background Inadequate screening and diagnostic testing in the United States throughout the first several months of the COVID-19 pandemic led to undetected cases transmitting disease in the community and an underestimation of cases. Though testing supply has increased, maintaining testing uptake remains a public health priority in the efforts to control community transmission considering the availability of vaccinations and threats from variants. Objective This study aimed to identify patterns of preferences for SARS-CoV-2 screening and diagnostic testing prior to widespread vaccine availability and uptake. Methods We conducted a discrete choice experiment (DCE) among participants in the national, prospective CHASING COVID (Communities, Households, and SARS-CoV-2 Epidemiology) Cohort Study from July 30 to September 8, 2020. The DCE elicited preferences for SARS-CoV-2 test type, specimen type, testing venue, and result turnaround time. We used latent class multinomial logit to identify distinct patterns of preferences related to testing as measured by attribute-level part-worth utilities and conducted a simulation based on the utility estimates to predict testing uptake if additional testing scenarios were offered. Results Of the 5098 invited cohort participants, 4793 (94.0%) completed the DCE. Five distinct patterns of SARS-CoV-2 testing emerged. Noninvasive home testers (n=920, 19.2% of participants) were most influenced by specimen type and favored less invasive specimen collection methods, with saliva being most preferred; this group was the least likely to opt out of testing. Fast-track testers (n=1235, 25.8%) were most influenced by result turnaround time and favored immediate and same-day turnaround time. Among dual testers (n=889, 18.5%), test type was the most important attribute, and preference was given to both antibody and viral tests. Noninvasive dual testers (n=1578, 32.9%) were most strongly influenced by specimen type and test type, preferring saliva and cheek swab specimens and both antibody and viral tests. Among hesitant home testers (n=171, 3.6%), the venue was the most important attribute; notably, this group was the most likely to opt out of testing. In addition to variability in preferences for testing features, heterogeneity was observed in the distribution of certain demographic characteristics (age, race/ethnicity, education, and employment), history of SARS-CoV-2 testing, COVID-19 diagnosis, and concern about the pandemic. Simulation models predicted that testing uptake would increase from 81.6% (with a status quo scenario of polymerase chain reaction by nasal swab in a provider’s office and a turnaround time of several days) to 98.1% by offering additional scenarios using less invasive specimens, both viral and antibody tests from a single specimen, faster turnaround time, and at-home testing. Conclusions We identified substantial differences in preferences for SARS-CoV-2 testing and found that offering additional testing options would likely increase testing uptake in line with public health goals. Additional studies may be warranted to understand if preferences for testing have changed since the availability and widespread uptake of vaccines.
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Piper, Megan E., Timothy B. Baker, Neal L. Benowitz, Kate H. Kobinsky, and Douglas E. Jorenby. "Dual Users Compared to Smokers: Demographics, Dependence, and Biomarkers." Nicotine & Tobacco Research 21, no. 9 (October 26, 2018): 1279–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ntr/nty231.
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Abstract Introduction The availability of electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes) has profoundly changed the tobacco product landscape. In the United States, almost 6 million adults use both combustible and e-cigarettes (ie, dual users). The goal of this study was to understand how smokers and dual users differ in terms of demographics, cigarette dependence, and exposure to carcinogens. Methods An observational cohort (smokers, n = 166, ≥5 cigarettes/day for 6 months and no e-cigarette use in 3 months; dual users, n = 256, smoked daily for 3 months and used e-cigarettes at least once/week for the past 3 months) completed baseline assessments of demographics, tobacco use, and dependence. They also provided breath samples for carbon monoxide (CO) assay and urine samples for cotinine, 3-hydroxycotinine, and 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanol (NNAL) assays. Results Compared to smokers, dual users (mean e-cigarette use = 5.5 days/week [SD = 1.9]) were significantly younger and more likely to be white, have more education, report a history of psychiatric co-morbidity, and smoke fewer cigarettes per day. There were no differences in CO, cotinine, or 3-hydroxycotinine levels; however, dual users had significantly lower levels of NNAL than did smokers. Most smokers and dual users had no plans to quit smoking within the next year; 91% of dual users planned to continue using e-cigarettes for at least the next year. Conclusions In this community sample, dual users are supplementing their smoking with e-cigarette use. Dual users, versus smokers, smoked fewer cigarettes per day and delayed their first cigarette of the day, but did not differ in quitting intentions. Implications This comparison of a community sample of established dual users and exclusive smokers addresses key questions of dependence and health risks of dual use in real-world settings. Dual users were more likely to be white, younger, have more than a high school education and have a psychiatric history. Dual users also smoked significantly fewer cigarettes and had lower levels of NNAL (a carcinogen), but they did not differ from exclusive smokers in CO or cotinine levels, suggesting that they supplemented their nicotine intake via e-cigarettes.
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Jahanshahi, Mahta, Keith Gregg, Gillian Davis, Adora Ndu, Veronica Miller, Jerry Vockley, Cecile Ollivier, Tanja Franolic, and Sharon Sakai. "The Use of External Controls in FDA Regulatory Decision Making." Therapeutic Innovation & Regulatory Science 55, no. 5 (May 20, 2021): 1019–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s43441-021-00302-y.
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AbstractThe regulatory standards of the United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA) require substantial evidence of effectiveness from adequate and well-controlled trials that typically use a valid comparison to an internal concurrent control. However, when it is not feasible or ethical to use an internal control, particularly in rare disease populations, relying on external controls may be acceptable. To better understand the use of external controls to support product development and approval, we reviewed FDA regulatory approval decisions between 2000 and 2019 for drug and biologic products to identify pivotal studies that leveraged external controls, with a focus on select therapeutic areas. Forty-five approvals were identified where FDA accepted external control data in their benefit/risk assessment; they did so for many reasons including the rare nature of the disease, ethical concerns regarding use of a placebo or no-treatment arm, the seriousness of the condition, and the high unmet medical need. Retrospective natural history data, including retrospective reviews of patient records, was the most common source of external control (44%). Other types of external control were baseline control (33%); published data (11%); and data from a previous clinical study (11%). To gain further insights, a comprehensive evaluation of selected approvals utilizing different types of external control is provided to highlight the variety of approaches used by sponsors and the challenges encountered in supporting product development and FDA decision making; particularly, the value and use of retrospective natural history in the development of products for rare diseases. Education on the use of external controls based on FDA regulatory precedent will allow for continued use and broader application of innovative approaches to clinical trial design, while avoiding delays in product development for rare diseases. Learnings from this review also highlight the need to update regulatory guidance to acknowledge the utility of external controls, particularly retrospective natural history data.
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Williams, Jessica H., Kathryn DeLaughter, Julie E. Volkman, Rajani S. Sadasivam, Midge N. Ray, Gregg H. Gilbert, and Thomas K. Houston. "Exploring Online Asynchronous Counseling With Tobacco Treatment Specialists in the QUIT-PRIMO and National Dental PBRN HI-QUIT Studies: Who Uses It and What Do They Say?" American Journal of Health Promotion 32, no. 5 (October 10, 2016): 1170–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0890117116670972.
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Purpose: To describe the content of messages sent by smokers through asynchronous counseling within a Web-based smoking cessation intervention. Design: Qualitative. Setting: National community-based setting of patients who had been engaged by the medical or dental practices at which they attended or via Google advertisements. Participants: Adults older than 19 years who were current smokers and interested in quitting. Participants throughout the United States referred to a Web-based cessation intervention by their medical or dental provider or by clicking on a Google advertisement. Methods: We conducted a qualitative review of 742 asynchronous counseling messages sent by 270 Web site users. Messages were reviewed, analyzed, and organized into qualitative themes by the investigative team. Results: The asynchronous counseling feature of the intervention was used most frequently by smokers who were white (87%), female (67%), aged 45 to 54 (32%), and who had at least some college-level education (70%). Qualitative analysis yielded 7 basic themes—Talk about the Process of Quitting, Barriers to Quitting, Reasons to Quit, Quit History, Support and Strategies for Quitting, Quitting with Medication, and Quit Progress. The most common theme was Support and Strategies for Quitting with 255 references among all messages. Conclusion: We found rich communication across the spectrum of the quit process, from persons preparing to quit to those who had successfully quit. Asynchronous smoking cessation counseling provides a promising means of social support for smokers during the quit process.
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Merchant, Roland C., Justin Romanoff, Melissa A. Clark, Tao Liu, Joshua G. Rosenberger, Jose Bauermeister, and Kenneth H. Mayer. "Variations in Recruitment Yield and Characteristics of Participants Recruited Across Diverse Internet Platforms in an HIV Testing Study of Young Adult Men-Who-Have-Sex-With-Men (YMSM)." American Journal of Men's Health 11, no. 5 (July 10, 2017): 1342–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1557988317717383.
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The Internet is a commonly used medium for recruiting geographically dispersed, smaller populations quickly, such as young adult men-who-have-sex-with-men (YMSM). One approach to improve reach and representativeness is to employ multiple Internet platforms to recruit this hard-to-reach population. The utility of this approach has not been studied adequately, and its impact on the study sample recruited is not yet known. Using data from a study of 18- to 24-year-old HIV-uninfected, Black, Hispanic, and White United States (US) YMSM, this investigation compared advertising and enrollment metrics and participant characteristics of those recruited across Internet platforms. Of the 2,444 participants, their median age was 22 years old; 21% were Black, 37% Hispanic, and 42% White; 90% had been tested for HIV at least once in their life; and 87% reported prior condomless anal intercourse (CAI) with another man. There were noticeable differences across platforms in the number of people accessing the study website, meeting study eligibility requirements, consenting to participate, consenting to participate per day of advertising and per click, as well as costs of advertising per consented participant. Participants recruited also varied across platform by race/ethnicity, geographic area of residence in the US, health-care insurance status, years of formal education, history of HIV testing, and CAI by partner type and sexual positioning. The investigation results indicate that the Internet platforms used for recruitment significantly impact not only enrollment but also diversity and characteristics of the sample obtained and consequently, the observations and conclusions rendered.
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Ramirez, Amelie G., Lucina Suarez, Larry Laufman, Cristina Barroso, and Patricia Chalela. "Hispanic Women's Breast and Cervical Cancer Knowledge, Attitudes, and Screening Behaviors." American Journal of Health Promotion 14, no. 5 (May 2000): 292–300. http://dx.doi.org/10.4278/0890-1171-14.5.292.
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Purpose. This study examined breast and cervical cancer knowledge, attitudes, and screening behaviors among different Hispanic populations in the United States. Design. Data were collected from a random digit dial telephone survey of 8903 Hispanic adults from eight U.S. sites. Across sites, the average response rate was 83%. Setting. Data were collected as part of the baseline assessment in a national Hispanic cancer control and prevention intervention study. Subjects. Analysis was restricted to 2239 Hispanic women age 40 and older who were self-identified as either Central American (n = 174), Cuban (n = 279), Mexican American (n = 1550), or Puerto Rican (n = 236). Measures. A bilingual survey instrument was used to solicit information on age, education, income, health insurance coverage, language use, U.S.-born status, knowledge of screening guidelines, attitudes toward cancer, and screening participation. Differences in knowledge and attitudes across Hispanic groups were assessed by either chi-square tests or analysis of variance. Logistic regression models assessed the influence of knowledge and attitudes on screening participation. Results. The level of knowledge of guidelines ranged from 58.3% (Mexican Americans) to 71.8% (Cubans) for mammography, and from 41.1% (Puerto Ricans) to 55.6% (Cubans) for Pap smear among the different Hispanic populations. Attitudes also varied, with Mexican Americans and Puerto Ricans having more negative or fatalistic views of cancer than Cuban or Central Americans. Knowledge was significantly related to age, education, income, language preference, and recent screening history. Overall, attitudes were not predictive of mammography and Pap smear behavior. Conclusions. Factors related to mammography and Pap smear screening vary among the different Hispanic populations. Limitations include the cross-sectional nature of the study, self-reported measures of screening, and the limited assessment of attitudes. The data and diversity of Hispanic groups reinforce the position that ethno-regional characteristics should be clarified and addressed in cancer screening promotion efforts. The practical relationships among knowledge, attitudes, and cancer screening are not altogether clear and require further research.
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Tsai, Richard, John Hervey, Kathleen Hoffman, Jessica Wood, Jennifer Johnson, Dana Deighton, Donald Clermont, Brian Loew, and Stuart L. Goldberg. "COVID-19 Vaccine Hesitancy and Acceptance Among Individuals With Cancer, Autoimmune Diseases, or Other Serious Comorbid Conditions: Cross-sectional, Internet-Based Survey." JMIR Public Health and Surveillance 8, no. 1 (January 5, 2022): e29872. http://dx.doi.org/10.2196/29872.
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Background Individuals with comorbid conditions have been disproportionately affected by COVID-19. Since regulatory trials of COVID-19 vaccines excluded those with immunocompromising conditions, few patients with cancer and autoimmune diseases were enrolled. With limited vaccine safety data available, vulnerable populations may have conflicted vaccine attitudes. Objective We assessed the prevalence and independent predictors of COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy and acceptance among individuals with serious comorbidities and assessed self-reported side effects among those who had been vaccinated. Methods We conducted a cross-sectional, 55-item, online survey, fielded January 15, 2021 through February 22, 2021, among a random sample of members of Inspire, an online health community of over 2.2 million individuals with comorbid conditions. Multivariable regression analysis was utilized to determine factors independently associated with vaccine hesitancy and acceptance. Results Of the 996,500 members of the Inspire health community invited to participate, responses were received from 21,943 individuals (2.2%). Respondents resided in 123 countries (United States: 16,277/21,943, 74.2%), had a median age range of 56-65 years, were highly educated (college or postgraduate degree: 10,198/17,298, 58.9%), and had diverse political leanings. All respondents self-reported at least one comorbidity: cancer, 27.3% (5459/19,980); autoimmune diseases, 23.2% (4946/21,294); chronic lung diseases: 35.4% (7544/21,294). COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy was identified in 18.6% (3960/21,294), with 10.3% (2190/21,294) declaring that they would not, 3.5% (742/21,294) stating that they probably would not, and 4.8% (1028/21,294) not sure whether they would agree to be vaccinated. Hesitancy was expressed by the following patients: cancer, 13.4% (731/5459); autoimmune diseases, 19.4% (962/4947); chronic lung diseases: 17.8% (1344/7544). Positive predictors of vaccine acceptance included routine influenza vaccination (odds ratio [OR] 1.53), trust in responsible vaccine development (OR 14.04), residing in the United States (OR 1.31), and never smoked (OR 1.06). Hesitancy increased with a history of prior COVID-19 (OR 0.86), conservative political leaning (OR 0.93), younger age (OR 0.83), and lower education level (OR 0.90). One-quarter (5501/21,294, 25.8%) had received at least one COVID-19 vaccine injection, and 6.5% (1390/21,294) completed a 2-dose series. Following the first injection, 69.0% (3796/5501) self-reported local reactions, and 40.0% (2200/5501) self-reported systemic reactions, which increased following the second injection to 77.0% (1070/1390) and 67.0% (931/1390), respectively. Conclusions In this survey of individuals with serious comorbid conditions, significant vaccine hesitancy remained. Assumptions that the most vulnerable would automatically accept COVID-19 vaccination are erroneous and thus call for health care team members to initiate discussions focusing on the impact of the vaccine on an individual’s underlying condition. Early self-reported side effect experiences among those who had already been vaccinated, as expressed by our population, should be reassuring and might be utilized to alleviate vaccine fears. Health care–related social media forums that rapidly disseminate accurate information about the COVID-19 vaccine may play an important role.
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Jeom Sook KIm. "Korean History Education in the United States." Review of Korean Studies 13, no. 2 (June 2010): 95–131. http://dx.doi.org/10.25024/review.2010.13.2.005.
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Graber, David R., and Catherine Musham. "Environmental Medicine Education in the United States." Journal of Environmental Education 26, no. 2 (January 1995): 10–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00958964.1995.9941434.
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Suarez-Balcazar, Yolanda, Mansha Mirza, Vanessa L. Errisuriz, Weiwen Zeng, Jasmine P. Brown, Sandra Vanegas, Nazanin Heydarian, et al. "Impact of COVID-19 on the Mental Health and Well-Being of Latinx Caregivers of Children with Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 15 (July 28, 2021): 7971. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18157971.
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The COVID-19 pandemic has impacted the entire world in unprecedented ways. However, populations that have had a history of marginalization have experienced a more profound impact. One such group is Latinx families of children with intellectual and developmental disabilities (IDD) in the Unites States. In this study, we used a mixed methods approach to explore the impact of the pandemic on the mental health and well-being of Latinx caregivers of children with IDD. Specifically, we (1) identified which social determinants of health are correlated with maternal caregivers perceived general health, mental health, and well-being; (2) explored the impact of the pandemic on families’ overall eating and physical activity routines; and (3) identified emergent themes from caregivers’ experiences during the pandemic. Thirty-seven Latinx caregivers participated in three interviews in which several validated instruments were administered. The results indicated that perceived social support, annual family income, food security, and receipt of financial benefits were correlated with fewer depressive symptoms. Annual family income was also significantly correlated with perceived general health. Most caregivers reported that the pandemic had placed a strain on their economic situation; increased their isolation; and disrupted their child’s therapeutic supports, online education, eating routines, and engagement in physical activity. Meanwhile, some caregivers reported positive changes as a result of the pandemic. Implications for future research and practice are discussed.
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Hickey, Thomas J. "The supreme court in United States history." Journal of Criminal Justice Education 7, no. 1 (March 1996): 161–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10511259600083681.
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Ivanov, S. M. "Joe Biden's visit to the Middle East: losses and gains." Diplomaticheskaja sluzhba (Diplomatic Service), no. 5 (September 27, 2022): 398–409. http://dx.doi.org/10.33920/vne-01-2205-05.
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The article analyzes the US foreign policy in the Middle East in the context of the growing confrontation between the collective West and Russia against the backdrop of the Ukrainian crisis. Particular attention is paid to the results of the visit of US President Joe Biden to Israel, to the West Bank of the Jordan River to the State of Palestine and to Saudi Arabia, which he made in mid-July 2022. The author comes to the conclusion that another attempt by Washington to draw the countries of the region into its behind-the-scenes foreign policy games has failed. The Middle Eastern allies and partners of the United States represented by Israel, the monarchies of the Persian Gulf and other Arab states took a neutral position in relation to the confl ict in Ukraine, and the oil and gas exporting countries did not go for a sharp increase in hydrocarbon supplies to the EU countries and the UK, as he insistently asked Biden. The White House failed to put together a regional anti-Iranian bloc on the basis of the Cooperation Council for the Arab States of the Persian Gulf (GCC), as the leaders of Qatar, Oman and Iraq are determined to maintain their traditional ties and contacts with Tehran. Moreover, these countries are making mediation eff orts to normalize relations between the Saudi Arabia and Iran, and there are prerequisites for success in this matter. In general, the Arabs do not support the US administration's concept of hegemony in the world and building a unipolar world order in the Middle East. Even with some remaining dependence on the United States and the West as a whole in the fi nancial, economic, military-technical and other fi elds, the Arab countries prefer to pursue an independent policy on key issues of our time, develop a multipolar world, and maintain mutually benefi cial and respectful relations with all states, including China and Russia. The Arab capitals are in no hurry to speed up the rapprochement with the State of Israel, which is imposed by Washington, expecting from its leadership to intensify eff orts to justly resolve the Palestinian problem and liberate the illegally occupied Arab lands. Even the bogey exaggerated by the White House of a common threat to the Middle East from the hypothetical appearance of Iran's nuclear weapons and its expansion in the region cannot persuade the Persian Gulf monarchies and other Arab countries to cooperate with Jerusalem in the military or military-technical fields.
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Shinn, Cassidee, Joe Stewart, and Yvonne Addassi. "Unannounced Drill Program: Testing Spill Management Team Capability through Vessel & Facility Oil Spill Contingency Plans." International Oil Spill Conference Proceedings 2017, no. 1 (May 1, 2017): 2017425. http://dx.doi.org/10.7901/2169-3358-2017.1.000425.
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California has approximately >10,000 vessels calling its ports each year, and 200–300 facilities state wide, many of which are required to have a California Oil Spill Contingency Plan (Contingency Plan) on file with Office of Spill Prevention and Response (OSPR). Spill Management Teams (SMT), either staffed by Contingency Plan holders' employees or contracted out, and the use of the Incident Command System (ICS) structure must be described in these plans. OSPR introduced an unannounced SMT drill program (Program) in 2012 to ensure that Contingency Plan holders can successfully complete the proper initial notifications, activate their SMT, and use ICS in accordance with their approved Contingency Plan and California Code 820.01, Drills and Exercises. There are multiple goals of this Program, including the enhanced capability of SMTs, OSPR, and other partners. This Program provides continued education and training for Contingency Plan holders and SMTs in an effort to bolster the initial response phase of an actual incident. Through these drills, SMTs must demonstrate that they could make proper notifications and decisions during an actual incident and be staffed with trained personnel in ICS to fill positions before State and Federal representatives respond. Additionally, SMTs should deploy resources listed in their approved Contingency Plans and ensure those resources are up to date, available, and sufficient. Furthermore, drills provide an opportunity for OSPR and SMTs to build relationships through testing these procedures, which should make the initial response more efficient and effective. Lastly, the drills are often conducted with representatives from United States Coast Guard and Environmental Protection Agency, both of which have their own drill programs. Working in conjunction with federal partners ensures continuity and fewer required drills of SMTs. Since the beginning of the Program, SMTs continue to improve their response capabilities, validated by more successfully completed unannounced drills. OSPR has conducted 30 unannounced drills, all of which were on SMTs for marine facilities and vessels. With the expanded authority of OSPR to regulate facilities statewide in 2015, this Program will continue to grow. Ultimately, a more comprehensive Program should lead to enhanced SMT capability statewide, and therefore better protection of the State's natural resources overall. The goal of this poster will be to describe: 1) the history and purpose of this Program; 2) the lessons learned and improvements of SMTs and Contingency Plans; and 3) the expansion of the Program from marine to statewide.
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Sapolis, Lisa G., Milla C. Riggio, and Xiangming Chen. "When the City is Your Classroom." Frontiers: The Interdisciplinary Journal of Study Abroad 20, no. 1 (March 15, 2011): 171–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.36366/frontiers.v20i1.298.
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As one of the few small liberal arts colleges in a city, Trinity College in Hartford, Connecticut, has developed a simple educational creed: Life and learning are inseparable. The “real world” is not something you brace yourself to enter at the end of your education. That world is with you -- politically, economically, socially, culturally -- even as you prepare to take the responsibility for running it.
There is much talk about the need to educate students to become citizens of the world. Capitalizing on our location in a small exemplary multi-ethnic city, Trinity College gives meaning to this clichéd rhetorical notion. We train our students for a world that is complex, multi-ethnic, globalized, and cross-culturally connected in a way that no previous society could have imagined. Conceptualizing the learning experience in terms of a set of concentric circles, our education begins with the small inner circle of the campus, expands to the broader surround of Hartford, and then building on the local foundation, extends to study abroad with an urban focus.
In this article, two of our study abroad programs exemplify our presumption that the city is your classroom: the full semester Trinity-in-Trinidad Global Learning Site and Trinity’s faculty-led summer program “Connections: Boomtowns of the Yangtze River” that links an immersion experience in the city of Hartford with four emerging megacities in China. In distinctive and complementary ways, the Trinidad and China programs illustrate how Trinity College through its urban and global educational mission is broadening and deepening the use of the city (in Hartford and globally) to better prepare our students for our urbanized and globalized world. The Trinidad program, centered on urban culture, is more a study in the city, while the China program, revolving around the triangle of urban history, urban sociology, and environmental science, is more overtly a study of the city. Both programs link the academic domain with experiential learning. Recognizing that the modern city is “no longer local” (Orum and Chen, p. 55), we believe that urban, global experience is the best way to give students insights into their own home cities, whether these are in the United States or elsewhere. We take them abroad not to give them a romantic student overseas junket, but to teach them about themselves in the context of the world in which they must live, over which they must be trained to take control.
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Kashatus, W. C. "Teaching Writing in United States History." OAH Magazine of History 18, no. 1 (October 1, 2003): 39–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/maghis/18.1.39.
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Burson, G. "A New United States History Curriculum?" OAH Magazine of History 3, no. 3-4 (June 1, 1988): 2. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/maghis/3.3-4.2.
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Tomaselli, Keyan. "Multicultural Education in the United States." Safundi 2, no. 3 (July 2001): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/17533170100202302.
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Kirschner, Joseph, and Gerald L. Gutek. "Education in the United States: An Historical Perspective." History of Education Quarterly 27, no. 1 (1987): 110. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/368586.
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Trennert, Robert A., and Cary Michael Carney. "Native American Higher Education in the United States." Journal of American History 87, no. 3 (December 2000): 1057. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2675356.
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Jeleček, Leoš. "Environmental History in the United States and Geography." Geografie 99, no. 4 (1994): 261–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.37040/geografie1994099040261.
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This article examines the emergence, development, methodology and some results of environmental history as a new historical discipline in the U.S.A. Broader historical, social and ecological connections of this field development and practice are considered. Special attention is focused on some mutual methodological impacts and contributions among environmental history, geography, historical geography and ecology.
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Stein, Alice M. "History of Continuing Nursing Education in the United States." Journal of Continuing Education in Nursing 29, no. 6 (November 1998): 245–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.3928/0022-0124-19981101-04.
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Nettles, Michael T. "History of Testing in the United States: Higher Education." ANNALS of the American Academy of Political and Social Science 683, no. 1 (May 2019): 38–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0002716219847139.
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Since the founding of Harvard College, colleges and universities have used many types of examinations to serve multiple purposes. In the early days of student assessment, the process was straightforward. Each institution developed and administered its own unique examination to its own students to monitor their progress and to prospective students who applied for admission. Large-scale standardized tests emerged in the twentieth century in part to relieve the burden placed upon high schools of having to prepare students to meet the examination requirements of each institution to which a student applied. Up to that point, local communities of tutors and teachers were attempting to prepare students to succeed on each higher education institution’s unique examination. Large-scale standardized tests have enjoyed more than a century of popularity and growth, and they have helped higher education institutions to solve problems in admissions and placement, and to measure learning outcomes. Over time, they have also become controversial, especially pertaining to race and class. This article is a historical view of educational testing in U.S. higher education, linking its development with past and present societal challenges related to civil rights laws, prominent higher education policies, and the long struggle of African American people in the United States.
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Walkowitz, Daniel. "Voices of a People's History of the United States." Teachers College Record 107, no. 11 (November 2005): 2454–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9620.2005.00605.x.
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Lewis, Karron G. "Faculty development in the United States: A brief history." International Journal for Academic Development 1, no. 2 (November 1996): 26–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/1360144960010204.
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Connell-Szasz, Margaret, and Cary Michael Carney. "Native American Higer Education in the United States." American Historical Review 105, no. 4 (October 2000): 1318. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2651473.
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