Relevant bibliographies by topics / Environmental economics – international cooperation

Contents

  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'Environmental economics – international cooperation'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 28 July 2024
Last updated: 30 July 2024

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Journal articles on the topic "Environmental economics – international cooperation"

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İriş, Doruk. "ECONOMIC TARGETS AND LOSS-AVERSION IN INTERNATIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL COOPERATION." Journal of Economic Surveys 30, no. 3 (April 15, 2016): 624–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/joes.12155.

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Ludema, Rodney D., and Ian Wooton. "International Trade Rules and Environmental Cooperation under Asymmetric Information." International Economic Review 38, no. 3 (August 1997): 605. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2527283.

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Bréchet, Thierry, Natali Hritonenko, and Yuri Yatsenko. "Domestic environmental policy and international cooperation for global commons." Resource and Energy Economics 44 (May 2016): 183–205. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.reseneeco.2016.03.002.

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Alho, Kari. "Bilateral transfers and lending in international environmental cooperation." Environmental and Resource Economics 2, no. 2 (March 1992): 201–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00338243.

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Bokhan, A. "Diplomacy of development in ecologization of international economic relations." Balanced nature using, no. 4 (October 28, 2021): 77–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.33730/2310-4678.4.2021.253335.

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The article deals with the historical and modern aspects of greening of international economic relations in the context of scientific approaches, theories and concepts. The peculiarities of the influence of natural and ecological factors on the development of society, nature management, economic interactions are determined. A retrospective review of scientific economic thought is presented in the context of interdisciplinary environmental context. The complexity of the process and phenomena of evolutionary changes in politics, economics and ecology are identified. Methodology of coverage of environmental and economic concepts includes different approaches: philosophical, psychological, biological, technical and economic. The mechanisms of greening are reflected in the areas of neo-Keynesianism, neoclassicism, institutionalism, globalism, post-industrialism. Environmental threats affect society in different ways, but stimulate change and transform economic systems. The intensification of the environmental crisis and global problems has led to the expansion of international activities, environmental policy, economic culture and environmental awareness. New formats of international contacts, coordination of market and social interests should be considered in the context of theories of environmentalism, greening of the economy, economic modernization, resource provision, environmental security. The formation of progressive models of social development involves international economic integration, the inclusion of national environmental policies in the international security system, promoting cooperation and cooperation between countries. development diplomacy is seen as a tool for consolidating countries in solving global problems, intensifying international integration in the field of environmental activities, greening trade and economic activities and international business. The field of research on the greening of international economic relations is constantly expanding in the context of security, cooperation, resource management.
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Brauch, Hans Günter. "Carsten Helm: Economic theories of International Environmental Cooperation." Politische Vierteljahresschrift 42, no. 2 (June 2001): 350–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11615-001-0070-5.

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Masoudi, Nahid, and Georges Zaccour. "A differential game of international pollution control with evolving environmental costs." Environment and Development Economics 18, no. 6 (September 11, 2013): 680–700. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1355770x13000399.

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AbstractWe consider a two-player differential game of international emissions to represent the interactions between two groups of countries, namely, developed and developing countries. We adopt a broader-than-usual definition of environmental cost for developing countries to account for their evolving involvement in tackling environmental externalities. Cooperative and non-cooperative solutions are characterized and contrasted. We find that it may not be the best course of action to push developing countries to reduce their emissions in the short term, and that cooperation may not create enough dividend, also in the short term, to be implementable.
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Karaketova, Laura, Emin Magomadov, and Isa Kilaev. "Environmental Economics and Sustainable Development." SHS Web of Conferences 172 (2023): 02045. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/shsconf/202317202045.

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Global climate change has an impact on the human potential, economy and ecosystems of all countries of the world, including Russia. A significant contribution to climate change is made by the burning of fossil energy resources, which leads to an increase in the concentration of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere and causes the greenhouse effect. The main consequences are an increase in the average annual temperature and the melting of glaciers, which leads to a rise in the level of the world ocean, as well as severe droughts and fires, floods and tsunamis, and a decrease in biodiversity. These changes have a negative impact on the quality of life of people, including the availability of food, health, the suitability of territories for housing and economic activity, and much more. The global challenges facing the world community as a result of climate change are shaping a comprehensive agenda for international cooperation over the next few decades. The relevance of this agenda will constantly increase, regardless of the various factors of international tension.
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Colombo, Luca, Paola Labrecciosa, and Ngo Van Long. "A dynamic analysis of international environmental agreements under partial cooperation." European Economic Review 143 (April 2022): 104036. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.euroecorev.2022.104036.

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van Ierland, Ekko, Corjan Brink, Leen Hordijk, and Carolien Kroeze. "Environmental Economics for Environmental Protection." Scientific World JOURNAL 2 (2002): 1254–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1100/tsw.2002.289.

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Environmental economics deals with the optimal allocation of production factors and correcting market failure in protecting the environment. Market failure occurs because of externalities, common property resources, and public goods. Environmental policy instruments include direct regulation, taxes/subsidies, tradable permits, deposit systems, voluntary agreements, and persuasion.Environmental policies usually focus on one pollutant or environmental issue but may have substantial impacts on other emissions and environmental problems. Neglecting these impacts will result in suboptimal policies. We present an integrated optimisation model for determining cost-effective strategies to simultaneously reduce emissions of several pollutants from several sources, allowing for interrelations between sources and abatement options. Our integrated approach in regard to acidifying compounds and greenhouse gases will be able to provide cost-effective policy options that will result in lower overall abatement costs.This paper shows that efficient emission reduction can be calculated, but we argue that, for transboundary air pollution and climate change, it is difficult to implement the socially optimal solution because strong incentives exist for “free-riding”. In order to implement efficient policies, international environmental agree-ments like the Gothenburg or the Kyoto Protocol are necessary to establish stable coalitions. The stability of these agreements depends on the distribution of costs and benefits over countries and on the redistribution of the gains of cooperation.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Environmental economics – international cooperation"

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Pozzebon, Federica <1995&gt. "Cooperation in International Environmental Agreements: a theoretical and ethical analysis." Master's Degree Thesis, Università Ca' Foscari Venezia, 2022. http://hdl.handle.net/10579/21434.

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One of the main challenges facing the future is implementing a successful climate policy. Climate change is economically defined as a global public good, resulting in one of the biggest social dilemmas of the latest years. The research aims to provide a comprehensive analysis of the limits to cooperation in climate policy starting from the examination of the antecedent models of environmental agreements – Earth Summit, Kyoto Protocol, Paris Agreement - and the intrinsic obstacles of climate change to international cooperative results. The paper contains a selective review of experimental literature and contributions from non-cooperative game theory. The objective is to identify significant variables and political conditions responsible for insufficient progress on climate change mitigation. A potential solution analysed is the Climate Club approach proposed by the economist and Nobel Prize winner William Nordhaus. The work concludes with an ethical reflection on the climate change social dilemma and the critical lack of responsibility proved by countries in absence of economic and political incentives.
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Duruigbo, Emeka Alexander. "Environmental aspects of international oil trade and shipping, business ethics and economic cooperation as compliance tools in international law." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/tape15/PQDD_0001/MQ34443.pdf.

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Fei, Ao. "Optimal Commodity Taxation under International Positional and Environmental Externalities." Thesis, Umeå universitet, Nationalekonomi, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-138441.

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The facts that relative consumption concerns may give rise both to positional and environmental externalities, and that these two externalities are increasingly transboundary require us to derive an optimal commodity tax in an international framework. The corrective tax policy decided at a national level is found to fail to internalize all positional and environmental externalities. The optimal tax policy under an international cooperative framework reflects correction for both global positional and environmental externalities. In this broader framework, we also characterize the provision of pollution abatement as an additional policy instrument. The results show that relative concerns for one of the private goods do not lead to any modification of the policy rule for public abatement.
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Morton, Nicola. "Parks that cross the borderline : transnational co-operation in Southern Africa." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/51868.

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Thesis (MA)--Stellenbosch University, 2000.
ENGLISH ABSTRACT: In this era of globalisation, the world is becoming more economically, politically and ecologically interdependent, that is, there is a growing mutual vulnerability between actors. The conditions of growing interdependence produce specific challenging circumstances for the achievement of particular goals, -includinq that of sustainable development. The Southern African context holds further obstacles to such development, which include poverty, inequality, a history of racial conflict and colonialism, and a regional economy on the semi-periphery of the global economy. It is my assertion that it is in the mutual self-interest of states and other stakeholders (e.g. communities) to approach this dilemma through transnational co-operation under the ethical umbrella of sustainable development. Thus this thesis seeks to discover to what extent the construction of Transborder Conservation Areas (TBCAs), relatively large areas which straddle the borders between two or more countries and cover natural systems incorporating one or more protected areas, can meet the criteria of sustainable development, given these conditions. The three primary criteria used for measuring sustainable development are community-based development; close linkages between the environment and development; and co-operation on all levels. The Kgalagadi TBCA, formally recognised on the 7th of April 1999 between South Africa and Botswana, serves as the case study. The conceptual framework used for the analysis is a theory of cooperation, as it applies to the field of International Relations. The key concepts employed here are those of interdependence, co-operation, sustainable development and institutionalisation. The research centers around three key issues: If sustainable development is the way forward for Southern Africa, do TBCAs reflect and fulfill the criteria as set forth by sustainable development? What does the experience of TBCAs in Southern Africa tell us about co-operation, recognising that TBCAs can only succeed if it has a sound base in the awareness and engagement of people? And, how best can decision-makers go about establishing TBCAs? Ultimately the thesis is a call to Southern African countries to embrace this new form of utilising the environment.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: In hierdie era van globalisering is die wêreld besig om ekonomies, polities en ekologies meer interafhanklik te word, met ander woorde, daar is 'n toenemende wedersydse kwesbaarheid tussen akteurs. Toenemende interafhanklikheid produseer spesifieke uitdagings ten opsigte van die bereiking van sekere doelwitte, insluitend volgehoue ontwikkeling. Daar is besondere hindernisse op die weg na volgehoue ontwikkeling in Suidelike Afrika, is byvoorbeeld armoede, ongelykheid, en verlede gekenmerk deur rassekonflik en kolonialisme, asook en regionale ekonomie op die semi-periferie van die globale ekonomie. Dit is in die wedersydse belang van state en ander betrokke partye (bv. gemeenskappe) om hierdie dilemma te benader deur middel van transnasionale samewerking onder die etiese sambreel van volgehoue ontwikkeling. Hierdie tesis probeer vasstel tot watter mate die skep van Transnasionale Bewaringsgbiede, of sogenaamde "Vredesparke" (Transborder Conservation Areas = TBCAs), d.w.s. relatiewe groot areas aan weerskante van die grens(-e) tussen twee of meer lance en wat natuurlike stelsels dek wat ten minste een beskermde gebied inkorporeer, kan voldoen aan die kriteria vir volgehoue ontwikkeling, gegewe die bogenoemde konteks. Die drie primêre kriteria wat gebruik word om volgehoue ontwikkeling te meet is gemeenskapsgebaseerde ontwikkeling; die hegtheid van die verhouding tussen die omgewing en ontwikkeling; en samewerking op alle vlakke. Die Kgalagadi TBCA, amptelik op 7 April 1999 tussen Suid-Afrika en Botswana erken, dien as die gevallestudie. Die konseptueie raamwerk wat gebruik word in die analise is 'n teorie van samewerking, soos dit van toepassing is op die veld van Internasionale Betrekkinge. Die sleutelkonsepte wat gebruik word is interafhanklikheid, samewerking, volgehoue ontwikkeling en institusionalisering. Die navorsing sentreer rondom drie sleutelkwessies: lndien volgehoue ontwikkeling die weg vorentoe vir Suidelike Afrika is, weerspiëel en voldoen TBCAs aan die vereistes van volgehoue ontwikkeling? Wat kan ons wys raak oor samewerking na aanleiding van ons ervaring van TBCAs in Suidelike Afrika, gegewe dat TBCAs slegs kan slaag indien dit gefundeer is op gemeenskapsbewustheid- en deelname? Laastens, wat is die beste manier waarvolgens besluitnemers TBCAs kan vestig? Ten slotte is hierdie studie 'n beroep op die besluitnemers In Suidelike Afrika om hierdie nuwe wyse waarop die omgewing benut kan word, te ondersteun.
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Tang, Jianmin. "Essays on international environmental cooperation." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp04/nq20589.pdf.

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Radzevych, R. O. "International cooperation on environmental protection." Thesis, Вид-во СумДУ, 2009. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/11942.

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Дерев`янко, Юрій Миколайович, Юрий Николаевич Деревьянко, and Yurii Mykolaiovych Derevianko. "Environmental economics problems of transborder cooperation." Thesis, Вид-во СумДУ, 2010. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/8120.

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Zilbauer, Matthias. "Determinants of international environmental cooperation does national ENGO strength foster a country's international environmental commitment? /." [S.l. : s.n.], 2005. http://www.bsz-bw.de/cgi-bin/xvms.cgi?SWB12168080.

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De, Klerk W. A. (Willem Abraham). "An investigation into the trading in emissions credits as a free market mechanism to curb global warming." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/49717.

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Thesis (MBA)--Stellenbosch University, 2002.
ENGLISH ABSTRACT: One of the most topical and widely discussed factors which could lead to the ultimate end of life on earth is global warming and its devastating effects. Several current trends clearly demonstrate that global warming is directly impacting on rising sea levels, the melting of icecaps and other significant worldwide climatic changes. These climatic changes will have a profound effect on the economy of the world as well as having health and social consequences for humans on earth. It has also become evident that mankind has played a significant role in causing global warming through its excessive burning of fossil fuels and its deforestation activities. Mainstream economists have increasingly realised that the prime cause of environmental problems is the absence of markets and more specifically, the absence of private ownership, which provide the foundation for markets. This occurrence has also been described in the literature as the tragedy of the commons. Mankind has come to a point in its history whereby it is in great danger of causing its own annihilation through the destruction of its natural environment. As a result of this, world leaders and many industrialists have realised that it is essential that the world must do something to preserve the natural environment. This was the rationale behind the Kyoto Protocol. In Kyoto 38 industrial states undertook to reduce their total emissions of six important greenhouse gases by at least 5 percent by the period 2012 at the latest. It was agreed in Kyoto that the system to be used to curb global warming should be based on free market principles that would focus on limiting the tragedy of the commons. On this basis it was agreed that the international trade in greenhouse gas emission allowances might fulfil an important role in providing countries and companies with the capabilities to achieve part of their reduction obligations. The Kyoto mechanism was therefore designed on the basis of emissions trading, but also had an equity objective with respect to developing countries. Supporters of the trading scheme are of the opinion that this market will guarantee that certain emission targets are met. In principle, the international trade in emission credits offers several advantages in terms of a flexible and cost-efficient realisation of the reduction obligations undertaken at Kyoto. Supporters of emissions trading are also of the opinion that trading in these gases also has economic and technological benefits. The answer to global warming might be as simple as buy low, sell high conventions. Now greenhouse-gas emissions are becoming a commodity that can be bought and sold on a worldwide scale, just like gold or soybeans. It is expected that the trading in greenhouse-gas emission rights will ultimately constitute the largest commodities market in the world. An international market for greenhouse gas emission allowances is already developing. However, rules governing such transactions are not fully worked out yet. The 178-nation Kyoto Protocol on global warming may provide a start, despite the US's refusal to support the treaty. It will be the aim of this thesis to provide understanding in terms of the functioning of emissions trading schemes and therefore the Kyoto mechanism as a solution to this problem of global warming. It will also be an important objective of this thesis to provide insight into the issues applicable to climatic change and the Kyoto mechanism.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Atmosfeerverwarming is wêreldwyd een van die mees bespreekte kwessies. Die nadelige effek van atmosfeerverwarming as gevolg van die toenemende kweekhuiseffek, het die potensiaal om tot die uiteindelike uitwissing van lewe op aarde te lei. Verskeie tendense dui daarop dat atmosfeerverwarming 'n direkte impak op stygende seevlakke, die ontvriesing van die pakys by die pole en ander noemenswaardige klimaatsversteuringe het. Indien iets drasties nie gedoen word om atmosfeer verhitting te keer nie, sal klimaatsversteuringe 'n geweldig nadelige effek op die wêreld ekonomie te weeg bring, asook 'n nadelige effek op gesondheids- en sosiale toestande tot gevolg hê. Dit het duidelik geword dat die aktiwiteite van die mensdom, hoofsaaklik verbranding van fossielbrandstowwe en ontbossing, te blameer is vir atmosfeerverwarming. Ekonome wêreldwyd het toenemend besef dat die hoofrede vir omgewingsprobleme, soos atmosfeerverwarming, toegeskryf kan word aan die afwesigheid van markte en meer spesifiek die afwesigheid van privaatbesit, wat in effek die basis van die vrye mark vorm. Hierdie gebeurtenis word in die ekonomiese literatuur beskryf as die "tragedie van die gemene goedere" . Wêreldpolitici en industriële leiers het besef dat die mens by 'n punt in sy geskiedenis gekom het waar hy moontlik sy eie uitwissing kan bewerkstellig en dat iets drasties gedoen moet word om die natuurlike omgewing te beskerm om sodoende volhoubare ekonomiese groei te verseker. Hierdie besef het gelei tot die totstandkoming van die Kyoto Protokol waar 38 nywerheidslande ooreengekom het om voor die jaar 2012 hul totale nasionale emissies van die ses belangrikste kweekhuisgasse met ten minste 5 persent tot onder hul 1990 emissievlakke te verminder. Daar was in Kyoto ooreengekom dat die stelsel wat gebruik moet word om die Kyoto doelwitte te bereik sterk vryemark eienskappe moet besit asook meganismes om regverdigheid en gelykheid tussen lande in terme van kweekhuisgasbeperkings te verseker. Die Kyoto meganismes is ontwerp met sterk vryemark eienskappe, wat basies 'n stelsel is waarvolgens lugbesoedelingsregte verhandel kan word. Hierdie verhandeling van besoedelingsregte kan toegepas word om kweekhuis gasse te verminder. Die Kyoto meganismes en dus lugbesoedelingsverhandeling verskaf buigbaarheid aan besighede en lande om hul onderskeie besoedelingsbeperkingsdoelwitte op die mees koste effektiewe manier te bereik. Die antwoord op atmosfeer verwarming kan dalk so eenvoudig wees soos koop laag en verkoop hoog. Kweekhuisgasse is besig om net soos graan of goud 'n kommoditeit te raak. Daar word verwag dat die verhandeling in kweekhuis gas besoedelingsregte uiteindelik sal groei tot die grootste kommoditeitsmark ter wêreld. Ondersteuners van die Kyoto meganismes is van mening dat kweekhuisgas verhandeling ook ekonomiese en tegnologiese voordele inhou. Dit is 'n oogmerk van die Kyoto meganismes om die verskuiwing van tegnologie tussen ontwikkelde en ontwikkelende lande asook volhoubare groei te verseker. 'n Grysmark vir kweekhuisgas regte is reeds internasionaal, voor die beplande instelling van die Kyoto meganismes, aan die ontwikkel. Die reëls en regulasies vir die Kyoto meganismes is nog nie gefinaliseer nie. Dit en die onwilligheid van die VSA om die Protokol te onderteken, belemmer die vroegtydige implementering van die Kyoto meganismes en die effektiwiteit van die stelsel. Dit is die doelwit van die werkstuk om die leser bekend te maak met die funksionering van emissieverhandeling as 'n vryemark stelsel om omgewingsprobleme soos atmosfeerverwarming te verminder. Die werkstuk beoog ook om die kwessies betrokke by klimaatsverandering en die Kyoto meganismes aan die leser te verduidelik.
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Lott, Anthony David. "Neorealism and Environmental Cooperation: Towards a Structural Explanation of International Environmental Matters." PDXScholar, 1996. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/5279.

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The realist tradition in world politics has long been heralded by statesmen and scholars alike as offering an authentic account of the relations between states. Realists consider self-interest, anarchy, and power politics to guide the behavior of states in the international system. The perception that cooperation and amity are now the norm in the international system has raised the possibility of a theoretical shift of focus in the study of international politics. At present, scholars within the discipline of international politics are debating the relevance of realist thought. In particular, neorealism, or the structural variation of traditional realism, is under attack for not providing a rationale for international cooperation. This project undertakes to expand neorealism's ability to explain state behavior in the area of environmental cooperation. Employing the notion of anarchy as a self-help system, it shall be demonstrated that international environmental agreements appear to be influenced by the distribution of power in the international system. Anarchy mandates the need for state actors to cooperate on certain environmental issues, while that same system dissuades cooperation on a number of other important environmental matters. This thesis critiques the theoretical principles in neorealism and makes moderate changes to them. In keeping with neorealist thought, power, the interests of important states, and the position of the hegemon are considered important factors in understanding environmental cooperation. This project also studies three global environmental issues that provide insight into the rewards and limitations of using neorealism to explain cooperation.
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Books on the topic "Environmental economics – international cooperation"

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1967-, Biermann Frank, Siebenhüner Bernd, and Schreyögg Anna, eds. International organizations in global environmental governance. Abingdon, Oxon: Routledge, 2008.

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Nadeau, Robert. The environmental endgame: Mainstream economics, ecological disaster, and human survival. New Brunswick, N.J: Rutgers University Press, 2006.

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Martyn, Nicholls, and European Bank for Reconstruction and Development., eds. Regional cooperation. [London]: European Bank for Reconstruction and Development, 1993.

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Sandler, Todd. Global challenges: An approach to environmental, political, and economic problems. Cambridge, U.K: Cambridge University Press, 1997.

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1947-, Campiglio Luigi, ed. The Environment after Rio: International law and economics. London: Graham & Trotman/M. Nijhoff, 1994.

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1965-, Batabyal Amitrajeet A., and Beladi Hamid, eds. The economics of international trade and the environment. Boca Raton, Fla: Lewis Publishers, 2001.

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Ratnakar, Adhikari, and South Asia Watch on Trade, Economics, and Environment., eds. Globalisation: South Asian perspective. Kathmandu: South Asia Watch on Trade, Economics, and Environment, 2000.

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Lal, Deepak. The limits of international co-operation. London: University College, 1989.

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Lal, Deepak. The limits of international co-operation. London: Published by the Institute of Economic Affairs for the Wincott Foundation, 1990.

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Kramer, Annika. Turkey's Water Policy: National Frameworks and International Cooperation. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg, 2011.

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Book chapters on the topic "Environmental economics – international cooperation"

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Baksi, Soham, and Amrita Ray Chaudhuri. "International trade and environmental cooperation among heterogeneous countries." In Economics of International Environmental Agreements, 97–115. 1 Edition. | New York : Routledge, 2017.: Routledge, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315625195-6.

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Kumaş, Merve, M. Özgür Kayalıca, and Gülgün Kayakutlu. "Cooperation in environmental standards when abatement technology differs." In Economics of International Environmental Agreements, 229–42. 1 Edition. | New York : Routledge, 2017.: Routledge, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315625195-13.

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Stoll, Peter-Tobias. "The International Environmental Law of Cooperation." In Enforcing Environmental Standards: Economic Mechanisms as Viable Means?, 39–93. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-61144-5_3.

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Flaate, K. "Program for international cooperation in permafrost engineering." In Permafrost Response on Economic Development, Environmental Security and Natural Resources, 437–40. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-010-0684-2_29.

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Bignami, Daniele F. "An International Multidisciplinary Cross-Cultural Cooperation Project of Urban Regeneration." In Sustainable Social, Economic and Environmental Revitalization in Multan City, 17–29. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-02117-1_2.

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Arkhipova, Mariana V., Elena G. Bormotova, Elena A. Yakushevskaya, Yuri O. Golovin, and Valentina S. Arsentyeva. "International Cooperation in the Fight Against Environmental Crime: A Modern Mechanism for Combating Illegal Trade in Wildlife." In Frontier Information Technology and Systems Research in Cooperative Economics, 889–97. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-57831-2_95.

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Urbasos, Ignacio, and Gonzalo Escribano. "Spain’s Hydrogen Ambition: Between Reindustrialisation and Export-Led Energy Integration with the EU." In Studies in Energy, Resource and Environmental Economics, 131–47. Cham: Springer Nature Switzerland, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-59515-8_7.

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AbstractThe Spanish approach to renewable hydrogen has evolved significantly driven by economic and geopolitical factors. Initially framed as a tool for domestic industrial development during the COVID-19 crisis, the 2020 Spanish Hydrogen Roadmap emphasised creating hydrogen clusters for production and consumption. However, the Russian invasion of Ukraine and the European Commission's call for increased ambition in renewable hydrogen in REPowerEU prompted a strategic shift. Spain now focuses on exports and infrastructure development, balancing the drive for domestic green reindustrialisation with an export-oriented model to integrate the Iberian Peninsula's energy with Europe. Despite concerns about historical obstacles to interconnections, Spain prioritises hydrogen diplomacy with key European allies. Looking ahead, Spain envisions hydrogen as a vector for Euro-Mediterranean energy integration, energy cooperation, and business collaboration in Latin America. The chapter concludes that Spain needs to build a national strategy that aligns the domestic and international dimensions of hydrogen development, sending a coherent message to civil society, the private sector and institutions.
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Smoleń, Michał, and Wojciech Żelisko. "International Dimension of the Polish Hydrogen Strategy. Conditions and Potential for Future Development." In Studies in Energy, Resource and Environmental Economics, 85–112. Cham: Springer Nature Switzerland, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-59515-8_5.

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AbstractPoland is the third-largest producer of hydrogen in the EU, with around 1 million tonnes generated every year. This grey hydrogen is made almost exclusively from steam methane reforming, based on fossil gas as a feedstock, and utilised primarily by the chemical and petrochemical sectors for ammonia production and for various processes in refineries, respectively. In 2021, the Polish Hydrogen Strategy (PHS) was published as the first official government strategy for low-carbon hydrogen economy development. The document presents an optimistic and ambitious approach, with a focus on domestic production and use of hydrogen in multiple sectors. However, the cost-effective generation of low-carbon hydrogen in Poland can face significant challenges, such as the relatively low availability of clean electricity, reliance on natural gas imports and limited experience with carbon capture technologies. The aspects regarding the emerging global hydrogen market are largely omitted in the PHS. This chapter analyses the possible background of this fact and the factors influencing the future Polish position in this market. Even though Poland is not likely to be a frontrunner in these developments, it is believed to become a pragmatic participant. In fact, several Polish companies, including those state-owned, have already launched some cooperative initiatives at the European level.
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Bouacida, Ines. "France’s Hydrogen Strategy: Focusing on Domestic Hydrogen Production to Decarbonise Industry and Mobility." In Studies in Energy, Resource and Environmental Economics, 67–84. Cham: Springer Nature Switzerland, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-59515-8_4.

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AbstractFrance was one of the European frontrunners in formulating policies to develop hydrogen for decarbonisation, releasing its first hydrogen plan in 2018. This was followed by a larger, €9-billion strategy in 2020 (to be updated in 2024), hot on the heels of plans released by the European Commission and Germany. The French strategy for hydrogen deployment focuses in particular on applications where hydrogen is key for deep decarbonisation, including refineries and the chemical industry as well as steel production, and the mobility sector. The country aims to have a head start on European and world competitors thanks to its large electricity resources from the existing nuclear fleet and by building new nuclear capacity. Additionally, it relies on several existing innovation hubs specialising in hydrogen, as well as on the support of many local governments involved in hydrogen development and a relatively structured hydrogen industry. The French strategy for hydrogen includes few ambitions at the international level beyond scientific and technological cooperation within the European Union. The political priority is to develop a domestic industry sized to meet national demand, which is seen as a more secure sourcing strategy than relying on imports. This comes in contrast with the positions of France’s neighbours, notably Spain, Portugal and Germany, which are pushing to enable cross-border trade of hydrogen as early as possible. This situation has generated political tensions within the European Union and in particular in the Franco-German relationship.
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Köhlin, Gunnar, and Cyndi Berck. "Peter Berck’s Contribution to the Environment for Development Initiative and Sustainable Development." In Sustainable Resource Development in the 21st Century, 145–47. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-24823-8_11.

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AbstractPeter Berck made major contributions to the Environment for Development Initiative (EfD). This Swedish-based initiative brings together environmental economics research centers all over the Global South in pursuit of sustainable development. Funded by the Swedish International Development Cooperation Agency (Sida), it is based at the University of Gothenburg, with research institution partners in Asia, Africa, and Latin America. EfD focuses on policy-relevant research, policy engagement, and capacity development, with a vision of “Inclusive sustainable development in the Global South founded on evidence-based management of the environment, natural resources, and climate change impacts.”
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Conference papers on the topic "Environmental economics – international cooperation"

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Sneve, Malgorzata Karpov. "Progress in International Cooperation on Regulation of Legacy Management: Experience and New Developments in Norwegian Cooperation Programmes." In ASME 2011 14th International Conference on Environmental Remediation and Radioactive Waste Management. ASMEDC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icem2011-59399.

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This paper describes the Norwegian Radiation Protection Authority’s experience in regulatory cooperation projects in Russia and elsewhere, with special focus on legacy issues. These legacies include many different kinds of objects and activities, including: obsolete large waste sources, such as those used in radioisotope thermoelectric generators; remediation of former military sites used for storage of spent nuclear fuel and radioactive waste; and wastes from uranium mining and ore processing. The objectives of these bi-lateral cooperation programmes are to promote effective and efficient regulatory supervision, taking into account international recommendations and good practice in other countries. Individual projects organised within the programme address specific challenges which require practical local interpretation of ICRP recommendations, the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) Basic Safety Standards and other IAEA requirements and guidance documents. In some cases, new regulatory documentation has been required, as well as new regulatory procedures. In the long term, the program is intended to lead to an enhanced and enduring safety culture. Positive experience in Russia encouraged the Norwegian government to extend the regulatory collaboration programme to countries in central Asia, using experience gained with Russian regulatory authorities as well as support from Russian Technical Support Organisations. The programmes are effectively evolving into a regional regulatory support group. Noting this experience, the paper includes suggestions for how international cooperation could be effective in addressing common radiation safety objectives while addressing local differences in technical, geographical, economic and cultural matters in each country. The continuing results from the cooperation will be used to provide input to the International Forum for Regulatory Supervision of Legacy Sites (RSLS) which was recently set up by the IAEA. The RSLS objectives mirror those of the bilateral activities described above and an outline is provided of the preliminary RSLS Work Plan.
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DAI, JUN-PING, and LING-FANG WU. "ANALYSIS ON THE RISKS OF CHINA'S DIRECT INVESTMENT IN AFRICA AND THE COUNTERMEASURES." In 2021 International Conference on Management, Economics, Business and Information Technology. Destech Publications, Inc., 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.12783/dtem/mebit2021/35614.

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Since the establishment of Forum on China-Africa Cooperation, China's Direct investment in Africa has the characteristics as follows: rapid development of investment scale, enriched investment fields and diversified investors. While the investment proportion in Africa of total China’s OFDI is still small and the investment mainly concentrates on certain Africa countries. Most importantly, in the process of China’s investment in Africa, investment risks are rising, many investment projects have suffered setbacks or failures. Chinese enterprises face with political risk, corruption risk, environmental risk and public opinion risk in process of direct investment in Africa. Therefore, enterprises should improve the ability to control and prevent the risk, investment strategy should be optimized according to local conditions, as well as fulfill the environmental responsibility and enhance the voice in Africa to improve the international image.
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Kolnhofer-DerecskeI, Anita, and György Hauber. "Ranking of the Sustainability Goals (SDGs) Based on Individual Preferences." In Challenges in Economics and Business in the Post-COVID Times. University of Maribor Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.18690/um.epf.5.2022.11.

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Aligned with the three pillars of the sustainability model (social, economic and environmental aspects), the United Nations has declared 17 Sustainable Development Goals to promote sustainability development steps by all countries. These goals are for everyone; our environment requires active voluntary action from all of us. These sound like extremely important, crucial and urgent world-changing issues that will require cooperation among governments, international organisations and world leaders. It might seem impossible that the average person can make an effort or have any impact, especially in these extraordinary pandemic times. This study aims to discover subjects’ opinions and preferences on the SDG. Additionally, time and budget allocations are observed among the goals. The results provide a deeper insight into individual can-do attitudes. While voluntary and environment-friendly measures are also considered as core values. However, the question is whether economics or the environment will be underlined. This paper focuses on individual actions and beliefs. The aim of the research is to discover how and what people are ready to do for a better environment in the post-COVID era. Based on the results, an action plan can be stated that supports the achievement of as many of the SDGs as possible.
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Xiao-Hua, Lin. "Establishing Two-Oriented Society and Environmental Accounting." In 2014 International Conference on Economic Management and Trade Cooperation (EMTC 2014). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/emtc-14.2014.58.

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Jiu-Fang, Tang, Wang Xue-Zhi, Lin Xiao-Hua, and Li Peng-Fei. "Environmental Performance Information Disclosure of A-share Listed Companies." In 2014 International Conference on Economic Management and Trade Cooperation (EMTC 2014). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/emtc-14.2014.59.

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Camelia, Slave, and Man Carmen Mihaela. "Water – Renewable and Protected Natural Resource." In Seventh International Scientific-Business Conference LIMEN Leadership, Innovation, Management and Economics: Integrated Politics of Research. Association of Economists and Managers of the Balkans, Belgrade, Serbia, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.31410/limen.2021.321.

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Water is a “renewable, vulnerable and limited natural resource, an indispensable element for life and society, raw material for productive activities, energy source and transport, decisive in maintaining the ecologi­cal balance.” But is water, really, an inexhaustible and permanently renew­able element? This is the question that can only be answered by implement­ing all methods, levers, domestic and international efforts aimed at protect­ing water and maintaining its natural and permanent circuit in nature. As water is a natural resource with great economic value in all its forms of use, conservation, reuse and saving of water are imperative objectives, which are to be achieved through the development of environmental awareness, the application of economic stimulus and the application of sanctions to those which violate legal rules on water protection. The protection of water quality at the national and international level involves a vast and complex activity of cooperation and collaboration based on domestic legislation and international treaties and conventions to which Romania is a party. The planet’s waters are a unitary whole, but their legal protection regimes vary depending on the category of waters that are protected. As a result of the diversity of legal regimes for water protection, the need for international cooperation has been imposed in order to prevent and combat water pol­lution, its judicious administration and management. The main normative acts include objectives and rules such as conservation, development and protection of water resources, protection against any forms of pollution and modification of water characteristics, complex use of water as an economic resource, their rational and balanced distribution, conservation and protec­tion of aquatic ecosystems, protection against floods and other dangerous hydrometeorological phenomena, meeting the water requirements of in­dustry, agriculture, tourism, transport and any human activities.
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Manzhilevskaya, Svetlana, and Lubov Petrenko. "Social and economic aspects of environmental protection measures for environmental safety." In Proceedings of the International Scientific-Practical Conference “Business Cooperation as a Resource of Sustainable Economic Development and Investment Attraction” (ISPCBC 2019). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/ispcbc-19.2019.34.

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Li-Ping, Zhou. "A Preliminary Study about Solid Waste Caused by the Sudden Environmental Pollution Emergency System." In 2014 International Conference on Economic Management and Trade Cooperation (EMTC 2014). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/emtc-14.2014.67.

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Anatolievna, Umnova-Koniukhova Irina, Semenovskiy Igor Dmitrievich, and Vakula Marina Anatolyevna. "Is Modern Law Ready to Solve the Environmental Migration Problems? Assessment of International, Foreign and Russian Experience–Socially Dangerous Acts and Their Legal Effects: General Characteristic." In “New Silk Road: Business Cooperation and Prospective of Economic Development” (NSRBCPED 2019). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/aebmr.k.200324.184.

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Honda, Hiroshi. "Conquering Language Barriers and Cultural Gaps Between Japan and the West and Role of International Education: Lessons Learned From the Author’s Cases as International Student, Engineer and Energy Economist." In ASME 2011 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2011-66210.

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The subject of paper discusses the author’s experiences as a graduate student at the Pennsylvania State University and in the United States, and international professional experiences thereafter, including the activities for the United Nations (UN), International Energy Agency (IEA), Asia Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC) Energy Working Group, and ASME International. The international professional experiences involved energy economics, the environment and engineering issues, and teaching of industry, business, economy, energy, the environment and engineering focused courses and lectures, in English and Japanese, at universities and Institute for the International Education of Students (IES), among others. The author’s educational background in Japan is also introduced to describe the cultural differences and language barrier between Japan and the West, which the author has encountered for the past sixty years, to substantiate an academic report that it takes seven times as much time for a Japanese to become proficient in English as for a Spanish to reach the same level in English proficiency. The synergetic/collaborative approaches for the international education of both Japanese and international students, is also discussed, based on lessons learned from the author’s experiences.
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Reports on the topic "Environmental economics – international cooperation"

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Ashton, Weslynne, Andrés Luque, and John R. Ehrenfeld. Best Practices in Cleaner Production: Promotion and Implementation for Smaller Enterprises (Appendix 1-Case Summaries). Inter-American Development Bank, January 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0008580.

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This annex contains specific examples of cleaner production (CP) strategies for smaller enterprises including regional overviews of Latin America, Asia and Europe. It contains best practices from: Multinational Umbrella Programs such as Asian Development Bank, Nordic Environmental Finance Corporation (NEFCO), Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD), United Nations Environmental Program (UNEP) &United Nations Industrial Development Organization (UNIDO), United States ¿ Asia Environmental Partnership (USAEP), United States Agency for International Development (USAID), World Bank; and Country-Specific Programs such as United States Environmental Protection AgencySmall Businesses & Cleaner Production, National Pollution Prevention Roundtable (NPPR), The CNP+L of Mexico, Individual experiences in Latin-America, Australian Cleaner Production Experiences, Indonesia¿s Cleaner Production Award Model, Cleaner Production in Sri Lankan SMEs, Taiwan¿s Cleaner Production Programs, Cleaner Production in Thailand.
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Deere Birkbeck, Carolyn. Priorities for the climate-trade agenda: how a trade ministers' coalition for cooperation on climate action could help. The Royal Institute of International Affairs, November 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.55317/casc015.

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This paper argues that governments should commit to enhanced international dialogue, coordination and action on trade and climate intersections through: 1. Ministerial attention to trade, climate and environmental sustainability on the official agenda of the 12th WTO Ministerial Conference (MC12) in late 2021 as well as through a complementary Ministerial Statement, co-sponsored by a majority of WTO Members, that recognises the need for the multilateral trading system to enable and support climate mitigation and adaptation efforts and the importance of multilateral cooperation on the interface of climate, trade and sustainable development goals; and 2. The creation of a trade ministers’ coalition for cooperation on climate action to serve as focal point for the top-level dialogue needed to develop trade policy frameworks that support climate mitigation and adaptation, to solve tough and complex issues around competitiveness, fairness and transparency, and to advance coordination on trade and climate policy intersections. The coalition could help forge a shared vision of the highest priorities at the interface of climate and trade, how these should be pursued in policy terms, and how best to cooperate and connect the dots between different international processes. The paper also identifies six policy priorities at the interface of climate and trade that could be advanced in the final months of 2021: 1. Commitments to enhanced transparency, consultation and coordination on climate policies and regulations that impact trade, and on trade policies that impact the climate and decarbonization efforts, with special attention to addressing the needs of developing countries and unintended trade consequences; 2. Action to promote trade in climate-friendly goods and services, including at the World Trade Organization (WTO), with a focus on trade and supply chains that support climate mitigation and adaptation as top priorities; 3. Launch of talks on fossil fuel subsidy reform at the WTO that combine a focus on improved transparency, a just transition and a timeline for cooperation on concrete reform efforts; 4. Commitments to increase green aid for trade and finance to support trade-related climate mitigation and adaptation, and to promote climate-friendly economic diversification, production and trade in developing countries; 5. Adoption of a 2025 deadline for net zero official trade finance; and 6. Enhanced ambition and cooperation to reduce transportation emissions associated with international trade and decarbonize the transport sector.
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Lott, Anthony. Neorealism and Environmental Cooperation: Towards a Structural Explanation of International Environmental Matters. Portland State University Library, January 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.15760/etd.7152.

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Clark-Sestak, Susan L. Analysis to Support Execution of the Defense Environmental International Cooperation (DEIC) Program. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, May 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada564901.

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Clark-Sestak, Susan L. Review of the Fiscal Year 2014 (FY14) Defense Environmental International Cooperation (DEIC) Program. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, May 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada624126.

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O'Connor, Jack, Caitlyn Eberle, Davide Cotti, Michael Hagenlocher, Jonathan Hassel, Sally Janzen, Liliana Narvaez, et al. Interconnected Disaster Risks. United Nations University - Institute for Environment and Human Security (UNU-EHS), September 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.53324/nyhz4182.

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We live in an interconnected world, where disaster risks are increasing every day. In 2020/2021 alone, the world witnessed a number of record-breaking disasters that showed us clearer than ever before how interconnected we are, for better or worse. These disasters are symbols of underlying global issues that we must identify and address in order to better manage risk. This report analyses 10 disastrous events that occurred in 2020/2021 and explains that these events are interconnected with each other, with other larger, underlying societal processes, and with our behaviors and actions. We show that disasters in the past year were connected directly, such as in the case of the Arctic heatwave and the Texas cold wave, or indirectly, such as the COVID-19 pandemic’s influence on other disasters through impacts on economies and health systems. Co-occurring disasters, such as when Cyclone Amphan struck during the COVID-19 pandemic, drastically escalate levels of loss and damage, and risk management must adapt to account for such multi-hazard events. Case studies were also interconnected by shared root causes, the most common of which were human-induced greenhouse gas emissions and insufficient disaster risk management. However, other prominent root causes included global demand pressures, lack of national/international cooperation, prioritising individual profit and undervaluing environmental costs in decision-making. This report argues that since the risks associated with these disastrous events are interconnected in their root causes, influences, and impacts, thinking in fragmented, isolated and insular ways is no longer tenable. Instead, we must find integrated solutions that can tackle multiple root causes and emerging risks while enhancing our capacities to prepare and respond to future disasters.
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Nagabhatla, Nidhi, Panthea Pouramin, Rupal Brahmbhatt, Cameron Fioret, Talia Glickman, K. Bruce Newbold, and Vladimir Smakhtin. Migration and Water: A Global Overview. United Nations University Institute for Water, Environment and Health, May 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.53328/lkzr3535.

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Global migration has been increasing since the 1990s. People are forced to leave their homes in search of safety, a better livelihood, or for more economic opportunities. Environmental drivers of migration, such as land degradation, water pollution, or changing climate, are acting as stronger phenomena with time. As millions of people are exposed to multiple water crises, daily needs related to water quality, lack of provisioning, excess or shortage of water become vital for survival as well for livelihood support. In turn, the crisis can transform into conflict and act as a trigger for migration, both voluntary and forced, depending on the conditions. Current interventions related to migration, including funding to manage migration remain focused on response mechanisms, whereas an understanding of drivers or so-called ‘push factors’ of migration is limited. Accurate and well-documented evidence, as well as quantitative information on these phenomena, are either missing or under-reflected in the literature and policy discourse. The report aims to start unpacking relationships between water and migration. The data used in this Report are collected from available public sources and reviewed in the context of water and climate. A three-dimensional (3D) framework is outlined for water-related migration assessment. The framework may be useful to aggerate water-related causes and consequences of migration and interpret them in various socioecological, socioeconomic, and sociopolitical settings. A case study approach is adopted to illustrate the various applications of the framework to dynamics of migration in various geographic and hydrological scenarios. The case studies reflect on well-known examples of environmental and water degradation, but with a focus on displacement /migration and socioeconomic challenges that apply. The relevance of proxy measures such as the Global Conflict Risk Index, which helps quantify water and migration interconnections, is discussed in relation to geographic, political, environmental, and economic parameters. The narratives presented in the Report also point to the existing governance mechanisms on migration, stating that they are fragmented. The report examines global agreements, institutions, and policies on migration to provide an aggerated outlook as to how international and inter-agency cooperation agreements and policies either reflected or are missing on water and climate crises as direct or indirect triggers to migration. Concerning this, the new directives related to migration governance, i.e., the New York Declaration and the Global Compact for Migration, are discussed. The Report recommends an enhanced focus on migration as an adaptation strategy to maximize the interconnectedness with the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). It calls for the migration discourse to look beyond from a preventative and problematic approach to a perspective emphasizing migration as a contributor towards achieving sustainable development, particularly SDGs 5, 6, 13, and 16 that aim strengthening capacities related to water, gender, climate, and institutions. Overall, the synthesis offers a global overview of water and migration for researchers and professionals engaged in migration-related work. For international agencies and government organizations and policymakers dealing with the assessment of and response to migration, the report aims to support the work on migration assessment and the implementation of the SDGs. The Report may serve as a public good towards understanding the drivers, impacts, and challenges of migration, for designing long-term solutions and for advancing migration management capabilities through improved knowledge and a pitch for consensus-building.
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Vera Martínez, Paola Selene. Working Paper PUEAA No.1. Green policies within the framework of the socio-ecological system and the Sustainable Development Goals: an approach from the cement industry. Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Programa Universitario de Estudios sobre Asia y África, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.22201/pueaa.001r.2021.

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Since the 1970s there has been a growing interest in international cooperation policies to fight against climate change and its effects on the planet, but these have not had the expected results. One of the main criticisms of these policies is that they have not addressed the issue of human development and the existing socioeconomic differences. This is why the UN 2030 Agenda has focused on the Sustainable Development Goals (SDG) that seek the protection of the environment, on a par with that of human societies. Since both are interdependent, they must be addressed and their problems solved in a sustainable way, taking into account all the socio-economic factors that may affect the results or actions to be taken regarding climate change, both at macro and micro levels in economic and social terms.
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Carciofi, Ricardo. Cooperation and Provision of Regional Public Goods: The IIRSA Case. Inter-American Development Bank, June 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0006848.

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This presentation discusses the IIRSA Initiative, institutional mechanism for the coordination of intergovernmental actions performed by the twelve South American countries. It covers some descriptive issues and an analysis section. The description features the components of the mechanism: territorial planning, development impact, environmental sustainability, project analysis and implementation, and regulatory issues. The analysis revolves around the hypothesis that the IIRSA cooperation mechanism has been able to keep running and make progress despite the lack of a process of deep integration in South America because benefits derived from participation are higher than costs and because of the ability to maintain a well focused agenda, together with the fact that decision making process is based upon consensus. This presentation was prepared for the Latin America/Caribbean and Asia/Pacific Economics and Business Association (LAEBA)'s 4th Annual Meeting, held in Lima, Peru, on June 17th, 2008.
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Kwon, Heeseo Rain, HeeAh Cho, Jongbok Kim, Sang Keon Lee, and Donju Lee. International Case Studies of Smart Cities: Songdo, Republic of Korea. Inter-American Development Bank, June 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0007012.

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This case study is one of ten international studies developed by the Korea Research Institute for Human Settlements (KRIHS), in association with the Inter-American Development Bank (IDB), for the cities of Anyang, Medellin, Namyangju, Orlando, Pangyo, Rio de Janeiro, Santander, Singapore, Songdo, and Tel Aviv. At the IDB, the Competitiveness and Innovation Division (CTI), the Fiscal and Municipal Management Division (FMM), and the Emerging and Sustainable Cities Initiative (ESCI) coordinated the study. This project was part of technical cooperation ME-T1254, financed by the Knowledge Partnership Korean Fund for Technology and Innovation of the Republic of Korea. At KRIHS, the National Infrastructure Research Division coordinated the project and the Global Development Partnership Center provided the funding. Songdo, as part of Incheon Free Economic Zone, is an iconic new smart city of Korea that hosts international business events and attract IT, biotech, ad R&D facilities. Its smart city initiative began in 2008 and is still ongoing with an aim for completion by 2017. The project is largely divided into six sectors including transport, security, disaster, environment, and citizen interaction while other services related to home, business, education, health and car are also being developed. Specialized service in Songdo includes smart bike services, criminal vehicle tracking and monitoring unusual activities through motion detecting technology while Integrated Operation and Control Center (IOCC) readily facilitates collaboration between various agencies and citizen engagement. Songdo smart city initiative is managed by Incheon U-city Corporation, a private- public partnership in order to secure funding for system operation through effective business model.
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