Dissertations / Theses: 'Environmental disasters in literature'

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Njiru, Henry Muriithi. "Eco-Techno-Cosmopolitanism: Education, Inner Transformation and Practice in the Contemporary U.S. Eco-Disaster Novel." Miami University / OhioLINK, 2015. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=miami1429560750.

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Sipic, Toni 1981. "Political economy of environmental disasters and voluntary approaches in environmental policy." Thesis, University of Oregon, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/1794/11581.

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xix, 187 p. : ill. (some col.)
In Chapter II I analyze eco-labeling in the tourism industry, specifically the impact of the Blue Flag label for marinas and beaches on prices of marina slip rentals, weekly sailboat charter prices and hotel accommodation prices. The principal findings include that Blue Flag certified marinas appear to enjoy an average premium between 6.6% and 22% for their daily slip rental prices, between 40% and 49% for their monthly slip rental prices, and 23% for their yearly slip rental prices. Within the sailboat charter sector, vessels whose home marina is awarded the Blue Flag on average carry a price premium between 14% and 20% on a weekly sailboat rental. When it comes to hotel accommodation, hotels managing a Blue Flag certified beach enjoy a price premium between 45% and 270%. In Chapter III I employ a dataset on the global frequency of climate-change-related natural disasters to explain the probability of the start and occurrence, in a given year, of civil war and civil war durations during the last half of the 20th century. Extreme cold events are found to have a measurable positive effect on the probability of civil war starting in the affected countries, previous years' extreme heat events have a positive effect on the probability of a civil war occurring in a given year, and droughts have a positive effect on civil war duration. These findings can be used by policymakers as they contemplate climate change mitigation policies. In Chapter IV I investigate the determinants of ratification delay of a major oil pollution international environmental agreement, MARPOL. Importantly, I analyze the impact of oil spills, as well as various country characteristics, on the time a country takes to ratify MARPOL. The major contribution lies in the examination of impacts of environmental pollution events on international political decision making. I find that the amount of oil spilled decreases the time to ratify MARPOL. This is the first study that seeks to address this issue in a quantitative fashion. The results should inform policymakers by giving them insight into relevant determinants of legislative delay in ratifying treaties.
Committee in charge: Dr. Trudy Ann Cameron, Chairperson; Dr. Wesley W. Wilson, Member; Dr. Benjamin Hansen, Member; Dr. Ronald Mitchell, Outside Member

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Alnawaiseh, Ali M. "Natural Disasters and Citizenship: Belonging Through Ecology in African American Writing." Kent State University / OhioLINK, 2019. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=kent1571755777462077.

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Arsenault, Denis. "Environment, security and natural disasters, contesting discourses of environmental security." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/tape17/PQDD_0018/MQ36809.pdf.

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Bennett, Paul. "Mutual risk : moral economy in environmental insurance." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.313039.

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Fara, Katiuscia. "How natural are 'natural disasters'? : vulnerability to drought in Southern Namibia communal areas." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/4850.

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May, Elizabeth Marie. "Human Response to Environmental Hazards: Sunset Crater as a Case Study." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/193470.

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Natural disasters and rapid environmental changes have resulted in a continuum of responses by human societies throughout history. A model is proposed that incorporates cultural and environmental aspects of human response to natural disasters. The 11th century eruption of Sunset Crater volcano in northern Arizona is used as a case study in which the archaeological record and dendrochronological and geomorphological evidence are combined to characterize the nature of the human response. The model predicts that the population at Sunset Crater would have been pressured to move, or to move and make cultural or technological adaptations following the eruption. The model has utility in diverse conditions and can be used to interpret archaeological remains and facilitate modern disaster response.

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Kita, Stern Mwakalimi. "Adapting or maladapting? : climate change, climate variability, disasters and resettlement in Malawi." Thesis, University of Sussex, 2017. http://sro.sussex.ac.uk/id/eprint/72668/.

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Kane, Virginia M. "Taoism and Contemporary Environmental Literature." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2001. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc3047/.

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This thesis encompasses a survey of contemporary environmental literature (1970s to the present) as it relates to the tenets of Taoist literature, specifically the Chuang Tzu and the Tao te Ching. The thesis also presents and evaluates pertinent criticisms concerning the practice of relating modern environmental problems to ancient Chinese philosophy. The thesis contains a preface that describes the historic roots of Taoism as well as an explanation of the Chinese terminology in the paper. The environmental literature is divided into three major groups and discussed in the three chapters of the paper. The three groups include mainstream environmentalists, deep ecology, and ecofeminism.

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Boyle, Kirk. "The Catastrophic Real: Late Capitalism and Other Naturalized Disasters." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2009. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1250625590.

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Masamvu, K. S. "Satellite remote sensing for the monitoring of environmental hazards and assessment of disasters in Southern Africa." Thesis, University of Bristol, 1987. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.376614.

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Tigere, Diana. "An evaluation of flood risk communication efforts based upon the values judgements of the inhabitanats of a selection of informal settlements in the Cape Town municipal area." Thesis, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11838/813.

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Proposal submitted in partial fulfilment for the award of MTech in Environmental Management
It is widely believed that experts often have a more rational approach towards risks. This is because they are known to use algorithms, formal logic, risk assessments and normative rules to make decisions about risks. The central tenet of this research is that communication based on an understanding of how people conceptualise and evaluate risk communication efforts is critical for translating risk management knowledge into effective risk practices necessary for value generation in flood risk mitigation. Rational decisionEmaking requires both analytic and intuitive systems to operate on a parallel level. Therefore, this research proposes a Flood Risk Communication Model that takes cognisance of lay perceptions. The model emphasises on how risk communication efforts are evaluated by the lay using a combination of descriptive psychological and social construction theories. In particular, the prospect theory, heuristics and biases, cultural theory and trust theory are used to provide explanatory sketches on how flood risk communication efforts are perceived in highly vulnerable environmental contexts such as informal settlements. The challenge in this research however, lies in verifying the model empirically. The associative group analysis technique will be used to generate empirical data from a case study population. Two basic analytic methods will be employed to measure psychological dispositions of respondents. Firstly, word associations are scored and weighted based on frequency of occurrence to generate a dominance score. The higher the dominance score, the greater the interpretation and the more meaningful the theme is for that particular group. Secondly, the different theories of the model are factored into a questionnaire to measure priorities. All the responses are then compared to the proposed model and also used to evaluate actual lay perceptions and feelings towards the current risk communication interventions. The results showed a high level of consistency with the FRCM and hence with the descriptive psychological models of Kahneman and Tversky. However, we conclude that what is has been proposed to be biases are intuitive tendencies to adapt and make sustainable decisions in the face of applicable contextual influences. Thus, these contextual hierarchies determine the reference point and status quo of the recipient in decision making. Therefore, these influences and hierarchies need to be factored in the designing of a risk communication.

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Wishart, Hannah. "The Economic Impact of Natural Disasters on Food Security and SNAP Benefits." Ohio University Honors Tutorial College / OhioLINK, 2017. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ouhonors1492706056382996.

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Southard, Nicole. "The Socio-Political and Economic Causes of Natural Disasters." Scholarship @ Claremont, 2017. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/cmc_theses/1720.

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To effectively prevent and mitigate the outbreak of natural disasters is a more pressing issue in the twenty-first century than ever before. The frequency and cost of natural disasters is rising globally, most especially in developing countries where the most severe effects of climate change are felt. However, while climate change is indeed a strong force impacting the severity of contemporary catastrophes, it is not directly responsible for the exorbitant cost of the damage and suffering incurred from natural disasters -- both financially and in terms of human life. Rather, the true root causes of natural disasters lie within the power systems at play in any given society when these regions come into contact with a hazard event. Historic processes of isolation, oppression, and exploitation, combined with contemporary international power systems, interact in complex ways to affect different socioeconomic classes distinctly. The result is to create vulnerability and scarcity among the most defenseless communities. These processes affect a society’s ideological orientation and their cultural norms, empowering some while isolating others. When the resulting dynamic socio-political pressures and root causes come into contact with a natural hazard, a disaster is likely to follow due to the high vulnerability of certain groups and their inability to adapt as conditions change. In this light, the following discussion exposes the anthropogenic roots of natural disasters by conducting a detailed case analysis of natural disasters in Haiti, Ethiopia, and Nepal.

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Paaz, Carolina. "A consideração dos deslocados ambientais na deliberação e as consequências do rompimento da barragem de fundão em Mariana/MG." reponame:Repositório Institucional da UCS, 2017. https://repositorio.ucs.br/handle/11338/3511.

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Roosli, Ruhizal. "Managing disasters in Malaysia : the attitude of officials towards compliance with the MNSC Directive 20." Thesis, Northumbria University, 2010. http://nrl.northumbria.ac.uk/2925/.

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This research focused on pre and post-disaster planning in Malaysia since the adoption of the Hyogo Framework for Action (HFA) 2005–2015 and national Vision 2020. A review of the existing research and practice in Malaysia including the structure and attitude of government officers at central and local authorities to risk was the starting point. The regulatory compliance to the Malaysia National Security Council MNSC Directive 20 programme is a key focus. The MNSC Directive 20 exists as the important core of disaster regulation in Malaysia but the implementation is not according to plan and regulatory compliance was low. Failures in regulation and compliance were identified as the key vulnerability and disaster causes in Malaysia. The beneficiaries were actually unaware of non-compliance that exposed them to hazard. In general, the more developed Asian economies, of which Malaysia is one, have not devoted much attention to pre-disaster planning despite a rapidly growing capital stock of buildings including public and private housing. Although the Asian Development Bank has provided templates for pre-disaster planning, the uptake has been slow. This Malaysian case study is an important example, not just for the country but the region. The aim of this research is to highlight shortfalls in provision, training and awareness, and to recommend ways of improvement. Gathered actors’ perspectives in the implementation of regulatory compliance in all level of emergency management system in Malaysia helps to explain the reason of regulatory compliance failures. Measuring their attitudes towards regulatory compliance reveals actual commitment because regulatory compliance would require making changes to existing barriers in the administrative environment. These changes would have to be based, to a large extent, on how actors’ perceived and judged the benefits of regulatory compliance implementation. The research uses both quantitative and qualitative methods together that involved 484 respondents. They have broadly negative general attitudes towards regulatory compliance, arguing that currently too many barriers are present in department levels to make regulatory compliance implementation straightforward. They need informative advice and guidance to enable them to see the very probable societal benefits that can lead towards regulatory compliance development. The research concludes by categorising obstacles that need to be overcome, to encourage actors to accept regulatory compliance and recommends changes to department structures, systems and practices prior to regulatory compliance implementation.

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Maughan, Christopher. "Activism Ltd : environmental activism and contemporary literature." Thesis, University of Warwick, 2015. http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/79823/.

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This thesis examines representations of environmental activism in contemporary literature. In general terms, this thesis understands activism to be a mode of politics that seeks to transform society, counter to forces of oppression and crisis. Precisely as a transformative or counter-hegemonic mode of politics, the actions, public perceptions, and representations (literary or otherwise) of activism and social movements mark out an extreme – though rarely understood – horizon of political agency and possibility. The thesis uses and adapts Fredric Jameson’s theory of the political unconscious to explore, via literary representation, the prospects, constraints, and capacities which exist in contemporary forms of environmental activism. It begins by considering novelistic representations of climate change that display a tension between ‘fast-violent’ and gradual or historically-embedded forms of environmental change. The thesis then moves on to consider novelistic fiction that displays evidence of the intertwining of environmental crises and neoliberal governmentalities. A later chapter turns to a more specific site of resistance – food production – examining novelistic fiction that not only thematises the emergence of particular forms of resistance, but also aesthetically and formally registers agroecological theory and practice. The final chapter moves away from fictive writing and investigates the ways in which literary non-fiction presents a new kind of critical problem regarding the accuracy of its representations of activism; namely, the tensions which emerge between realist and speculative registers. To date, there has been a relative lack of attention paid to representations of activism in environmental literary and cultural criticism. A critical study of the cultural representation of environmental social movements will, I argue, yield valuable insights into how environmental problems are articulated and the forms of activism in use today, along with the contradictions, tensions – and even unintended harmonies – between environmentalism and mainstream political and economic trends.

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Franklin, Katherine. "Disasters Are Not, They Become: An Understanding of Social Vulnerability in the United States Gulf Coast with Respect to Hurricanes." Scholarship @ Claremont, 2016. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/scripps_theses/828.

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Scientific literature is concerned with the impact that climate change will have on natural disasters in the near future. These events disrupt our daily lives and can cause damage that may never be repaired. Merging science and social science, the study of vulnerability looks at how human systems will be impacted by these natural disasters. In the United States, hurricanes in the Gulf Coast are projected to increase in intensity as well as have an increased capacity for damage with a rise in sea level. Therefore, it is important to understand who is systematically vulnerable to these impacts of natural disasters and how we can mitigate this damage. Through this thesis, I argue that these impacts of hurricanes will put already vulnerable populations at a greater risk for damage caused by these events in the future. I will briefly outline the scientific basis on which the claims of increased hurricane activity are founded, as well as outline concepts of vulnerability. I examine case studies of Hurricanes Andrew and Katrina, both of which can inform how social disparities delineate vulnerability in the United States. Based upon this historical understanding that recovery from a storm is highly contingent upon social and economic resources available to an individual or community, I argue that vulnerable communities must be highlighted. I then project vulnerability based upon demographic characteristics of communities within the Gulf Coast in order to highlight these areas of necessary attention.

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Vergani, Vanessa. "Os direitos humanos e a proteção aos migrantes ambientais frente aos riscos e desastres ecológicos." reponame:Repositório Institucional da UCS, 2010. https://repositorio.ucs.br/handle/11338/482.

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O presente trabalho desenvolve um estudo acerca das consequências humanitárias frente à degradação do meio ambiente, bem como da atenção dada pela comunidade internacional nos últimos anos a essa problemática. Desse modo, observa-se a interação em particular do impacto dos riscos e desastres ambientais de origem naturais ou tecnológicos, com os movimentos migratórios humanos dentro de países ou internacionalmente, os quais ainda são pouco explorados e estudados. Analisa também a busca por um sistema jurídico de cooperação internacional dos países, na proteção aos direitos humanos dessas populações que se deslocam devido a causas ambientais, garantindo-lhes com isso o acesso aos direitos humanos fundamentais à vida, saúde, moradia, dignidade humana, entre outros. A partir disso e da constatação da existência de problemas ambientais associados à migração humana, examina que os riscos ambientais não são equitativamente distribuídos, o que preconiza o movimento da justiça ambiental. Fatores como a pobreza, associados à vulnerabilidade de populações e comunidades inteiras, estão no centro da distribuição desses riscos. Devido a isso, pode-se constatar que a exposição de pessoas vulneráveis aos riscos e desastres ecológicos contribui para uma maior exposição à violação dos direitos humanos. Esta dissertação tem como desafios analisar a relação entre meio ambiente, riscos, desastres ambientais e migração humana, decorrente dos riscos e desastres ecológicos.
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The present work develops a study concerning the humanitarian consequences as far as environmental degradation is concerned, as well as the attention given to it by the international community over the last years. Thus, it observes, particularly, the interaction between the impact of both risks and natural or technological environmental disasters and the human migratory movements within the countries or abroad, which have been little explored and studied so far. It also analyzes the quest for a legal system of international cooperation of the countries aiming at the protection of the human rights of these populations which are forced to flee due to environmental causes, granting themselves access to the basic human rights such as , life, health, housing and human dignity, among others. From that, and considering the existence of environmental problems associated to the human migration, this work examines that environmental risks are not equitably distributed, therefore professing the Environmental Rights Movement. Factors as the poverty associated to the vulnerability of populations and entire communities are in the core of this risk distribution. Owing to that, the exposure of vulnerable people to environmental risks and disasters contribute to a greater feasibility for human rights violation. This essay holds as challenges to analyze the relation among environment, risks, environmental disasters and human migration caused by ecological risks and disasters.

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Al-Rubaee, Rasha Hassan. "A conceptual model to effectively prioritise recovery of roads damaged by natural/man-made disasters." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2012. http://etheses.bham.ac.uk//id/eprint/3699/.

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After natural/man-made disasters, a major challenge faced by governments is to ensure a speedy recovery of roads and transportation networks. In order to achieve this, a new road recovery priority (RRP) model has been developed to identify key issues and their inter-relationships giving a better understanding of factors that govern prioritisation across the affected regions. Interviews are conducted with experts in road reconstruction and maintenance organisations to investigate respondents’ evaluation and understanding of the RRP model in terms of its ease of use, usefulness, comprehensiveness, applicability, feasibility and structure. A questionnaire survey is conducted to investigate the impact of the important proposed affecting factors that can be critical for successful implementation and application of the RRP model in the road rehabilitation sector. A field survey is carried out to collect data which are essential to determine parameters in the model’s application. Four case studies are carried out to investigate the RRP model’s application in a variety of road conditions. The application of this model may solve the problem of decision making in road recovery priority determination in a hierarchical manner so that the recovery process can be accomplished from an urgent repair need to a lower recovery priority.

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Nyman, Jon. "Nature and Culture: Teaching Environmental Awareness Through Literature." Thesis, Högskolan i Halmstad, Sektionen för lärarutbildning (LUT), 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hh:diva-25701.

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Syftet med denna uppsats är att undersöka och tolka relationen mellan koncepten natur och kultur, så som de är hanterade i Henry David Thoreau’s Walden; or. Life in the Woods (1854) och Into the Wild (1996) av Jon Krakauer, med hjälp av en ekokritisk analys. Båda dessa böcker är baserade på verkliga händelser och upplevelser, och handlar om två individer som valde att lämna samhället bakom sig för att i stället leva ett enkelt liv i naturen. Några av motiven de hade för att göra detta innefattar ett missnöje med samhällena i vilka de levde, en längtan efter extraordinära upplevelser, och en önskan att hitta medel att förbättra jaget. Jag kommer föreslå att de båda huvudkaraktärerna delar åsikter och tankar om naturen och dess relation till deras respektive kulturer. Vidare kommer jag föreslå att några av dessa åsikter och tankar kan och bör implementeras i det svenska skolväsendet i syfte att åstadkomma en mer hållbar syn på naturen och dess relation till kultur och samhälle. Jag kommer föreslå en möjlig metod för att genomföra detta, vilken är inspirerad av Greg Garrard’s lektionsplan ”Three Hours to Save the Planet!”, som finns inkluderad i The Handbook of Sustainability Literacy: skills for a changing world (ed. Arran Stibbe, 2009).

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Jacobus, Robert J. "Defining environmental theology content analysis of associated literature /." Morgantown, W. Va. : [West Virginia University Libraries], 2001. http://etd.wvu.edu/templates/showETD.cfm?recnum=1885.

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Thesis (M.S.)--West Virginia University, 2001.
Title from document title page. Document formatted into pages; contains vii, 45 p. : ill. (some col.). Vita. Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references (p. 22-27).

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Osbaldiston, Richard. "Meta-analysis of the responsible environmental behavior literature /." free to MU campus, to others for purchase, 2004. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/mo/fullcit?p3144447.

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Zweifel, Aara. "Spiralist Interconnection and Environmental Consciousness in Caribbean Literature." Thesis, University of Oregon, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/1794/20511.

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This dissertation addresses the politics of interrelation between living beings and the natural world within Caribbean literature, and the underlying dangers inherent in modes of existence that deny such interrelation. Spiralism is a chaotic and pluralist literary movement emerging from Haiti in the 1960s, and this project features René Philoctète’s Spiralist novel Le Peuple des terres mêlées (1989) as its literary center, joined with two other Caribbean novels: Jacques Roumain’s Gouverneurs de la rosée (1944), and Mayra Montero’s Tú, la oscuridad (1995). In my comparative reading of these novels, I argue that their representations of environmental consciousness, social collaboration, and all-inclusive modes of interacting with the natural world provide models of co-existence in the context of the many socio-environmental injustices that threaten the continuation of many life forms on Earth, including humans. These novels evoke empathy and imagination, and add vital perspectives to the understudied field of environmentally conscious literature. Each of these three novels emotionally engages and reconnects humans as members of ecosystems – a move often lacking in the objective presentation of environmental studies. Given that the Earth is our only home, the continued ecological devastation caused by the human species increasingly deserves our full attention. I argue that the all-inclusive Spiralist imaginary and the related literatures are apt ideological tools to help address the cognitive dissonance currently preventing sufficient social change.

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Weatherall, Ashley Marie. "Assessing Hurricane Preparedness Among Residential Staff at Louisiana State University: A Case Study on Hurricane Isaac." Scholar Commons, 2013. http://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/4608.

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Studying hurricane preparedness among the Resident Assistants (RAs) and Residence Life Coordinators (RLCs) at Louisiana State University (LSU) is imperative to assure that the university housing staff is fully equipped when faced with an oncoming threat. This study seeks to fill a gap in research by investigating the influences of preparedness on student housing employees. A survey was developed and the measures were found to be coherent and internally reliable through the use of factor analysis. Based on theory and previous literature, a linear regression model was developed that quantified the relationship between the independent variable of preparedness and general knowledge, past experience, preparation anxiety, threat anxiety, amount of time as a housing employee, amount of time living in Baton Rouge, location of primary address, gender, ethnicity, and car access. Only general knowledge and preparation anxiety were found to influence the preparedness construct significantly (at the 5 percent level). Demographic factors did not influence hurricane preparedness levels of housing staff employees. Results suggest that the university acts as a buffer to student populations from typical vulnerabilities that the regular population experiences in disaster scenarios. This research could be applicable to other university housing staff employees who work at a university that may be frequently impacted by hurricanes.

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Ismayilov, Orkhan M. "Economic Resilience, Disasters, and Green Jobs: An Institutional Collective Action Framework." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2017. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc1062807/.

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This dissertation is about economic resilience of local governments to natural disasters. Specifically, the dissertation investigates resilience on regional level. Moreover, the dissertation also investigates growth in the green job sector in local governments. The findings indicate that local governments working with each other helps green job creation. In addition, the dissertation finds that green jobs, following disasters, experience three percent growth. This dissertation is important because it investigates the relationship between climate- related disasters and green jobs, which is an area that is under-investigated.

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Vargas, Melissa. "Confronting environmental and social crises : Octavia E. Butler's critique of the spiritual roots of environmental injustice in her Parable novels /." [Boise, Idaho] : Boise State University, 2009. http://scholarworks.boisestate.edu/td/18/.

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Cabat, Melissa. "Interrogating The "And": A Study of Environmentalism and Disability." Oberlin College Honors Theses / OhioLINK, 2017. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=oberlin1502030946268842.

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Barcessat, Ana Clara Aben-Athar. "Os desastres e o Direito Ambiental: governança, normatividade e responsabilidade estatal." Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo, 2017. https://tede2.pucsp.br/handle/handle/20763.

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Conselho Nacional de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico - CNPq
The so-called natural disasters have been the subject of much debate and study, both within and outside the field of Law. They entail, therefore, demands that require regulation, preferably in a more direct and effective way in the prevention and mitigation of the phenomena. In the present study, it has been chosen to use only the denomination 'disasters' due to the understanding that, although they have factors of natural origin in its causes, it is not possible to dissociate human action when these events occur. The main focus of this theoretical approach is the disasters that occur in Brazil, its most frequent causes, its most significant damages, the existing regulation in Brazil and in comparative Law, and the existence or not of effective legal accountability. To do this, research done in the institutes of Environmental Law is used, in view of its transversality with this branch of Law and in several fields of knowledge that surpass the orbit of Law, due to the understanding of the intrinsic interdisciplinarity in this matter and the necessity of the expansion of Its scope of action in the country, since disasters are events that generate, to a greater or lesser degree, destruction wherever they pass, impacting the environment, such as human relations, private goods and very often, even the survival of the populations on the affected sites
Os chamados desastres naturais tem sido objeto de muito debate e estudo, dentro e fora do âmbito do Direito. Acarretam, portanto, demandas que urgem regulamentação, de preferência mais direcionada e efetiva na prevenção e mitigação desses fenômenos. No presente estudo, preferiu-se utilizar apenas a denominação ‘desastres’ por entender que, ainda que tenham em suas causas, fatores de origem natural, não se pode dissociar a ação humana quando da ocorrência desses eventos. O foco principal dessa abordagem teórica são os desastres ocorrentes no Brasil, suas causas mais frequentes, seus danos mais significativos, a regulamentação existente no Brasil e no Direito comparado e a existência ou não de efetiva responsabilização legal. Para isso, utiliza-se de pesquisa nos institutos próprios do Direito Ambiental, tendo em vista sua transversalidade com esse ramo e em diversos campos do conhecimento que ultrapassam a órbita do Direito, por entender-se a interdisciplinaridade intrínseca nessa matéria e a necessidade da ampliação de seu escopo de atuação no país, uma vez que os desastres são eventos que geram, em maior ou menor grau, destruição por onde passam, impactando o meio ambiente, as relações humanas, os bens privados e, com muita frequência, até mesmo a sobrevivência das populações humanas dos locais afetados

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Pires, Filipe Miguel Leandro. "O impacto das alterações climáticas nos fluxos migratórios : o caso do Bangladesh." Master's thesis, Instituto Superior de Economia e Gestão, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/12877.

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Mestrado em Desenvolvimento e Cooperação Internacional
As alterações climáticas têm mudado a forma como as populações vivem no planeta Terra. Em concreto, os habitantes do Bangladesh têm presenciado graves mudanças ambientais. Cheias, secas, erosão nas margens dos rios e aumento do nível médio das águas do mar são alguns exemplos de desastres naturais que têm afectado o sustento das pessoas num país com uma enorme escassez de recursos e riqueza. Os fluxos migratórios devido às alterações no clima constituem um dos principais problemas que este país tem enfrentado nos últimos anos. Daca - capital e maior cidade no Bangladesh - encontra-se superpovoada, uma vez que as pessoas se têm deslocado para esta cidade à procura de refúgio em virtude dos desastres ambientais provocados pelas alterações climáticas. Os bairros de lata têm aumentado exponencialmente, visto que esta cidade não possui infra-estruturas suficientes para encarar os milhares de pessoas que chegam à cidade diariamente. Assim, este trabalho procura analisar os fluxos migratórios que têm resultado como resposta aos impactos das alterações climáticas no Bangladesh. O primeiro capítulo aborda a questão das alterações climáticas desde os primeiros sinais até aos dias de hoje, bem como o debate sobre os refugiados ambientais. O segundo capítulo retrata a realidade por detrás das migrações forçadas como resultado das alterações climáticas no país sob análise.
Climate change has been transforming how people live on Earth. Particularly, those who live in Bangladesh have witnessed serious environmental changes. Floods, droughts, riverbank erosion and sea level rise represent several examples of natural disasters which have affected people's livelihoods in a country with a huge lack of resources and wealth. Migration flows due to climate change are one of the main issues that this country has been facing in the past few years. Dhaka - the capital and largest city in Bangladesh - is now overpopulated, as people have fled to the city seeking refuge from environmental disasters brought about by climate change. The number of slums has risen rapidly because Dhaka does not have enough infrastructures to deal with the current number of people who arrive to the city every day. Thus, this study aims to analyze the migration flows which have resulted as a response to climate change impacts in Bangladesh. The first chapter addresses the climate change from its verification until now as well as the debate over the term "environmental refugee". The second chapter sheds light on the reality behind forced migration due to climate change in the country under analysis.
N/A

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Rao, Smitha. "Before the Lightning Strikes: Preparedness, Capacities, and Social Welfare Policy ; Micro, Mezzo, and Macro Correlates of Disaster Preparedness." Thesis, Boston College, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/2345/bc-ir:109100.

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Thesis advisor: Shanta Pandey
Thesis advisor: Samantha Teixeira
Anthropogenic climate change will push 100 million of the world’s population into poverty in the next decade, and worsen economic, food, and housing insecurity. Natural disasters are some of the most manifest markers of climate change impacts, set to become more intense and frequent as a result of the climate crisis. The brunt of these stressors falls disproportionately on the most marginalized populations across the world - women, children, people with disabilities, and older adults, among other disadvantaged groups. Despite a surge of interest in scholarship on disasters and their unequal impacts, studies on preventative strategies and action have been relatively fewer even though it is widely agreed that post-disaster recovery is enhanced when coupled with pre-disaster readiness and planning. There are multiple empirical and theoretical unknowns around factors promoting or hindering preparedness at micro, mezzo, and macro levels, which are all critical avenues for interventions. This three-paper dissertation addresses this gap in the context of the United States to understand individual and household capacities in dealing with natural disasters. The human capabilities approach helps to frame the overall dissertation examining the associations of social and structural vulnerabilities, self-efficacy, disaster experience, disaster-related information, and participation in social welfare policy with household disaster readiness. The individual papers are further informed by self-efficacy theory and concepts spanning Vulnerability, Absorptive Capacity, and Resilience. Three aims guide this research resulting in three separate papers: Paper 1 examined associations between social vulnerabilities, disaster self-efficacy, and preparedness using nationally representative data from Federal Emergency Management Agency’s (FEMA) National Household Surveys 2018. Disaster preparedness was found to vary across self-efficacy and social vulnerability. The confidence in one’s abilities to carry out necessary preparatory action and socioeconomic status were consistently associated with higher preparedness controlling for social vulnerability indicators. Paper 2 assessed the role of social and structural (housing and neighborhood) vulnerabilities in disaster risk reduction employing household-level data from nationally representative American Housing Survey (AHS) 2017. Results suggested that housing insecurity and social vulnerability concurrently were associated with disaster readiness. Further, this paper examined if the association of social vulnerability with disaster preparedness varied by housing insecurity among households in the U.S. Results suggested that housing insecurity moderated the association between minimal preparedness and socioeconomic status, sex of the householder, marital status, and presence of older adults in the house. Paper 3 probed the effects of social vulnerability and welfare policy participation on disaster readiness in U.S. households using the AHS 2017 data. Further, the paper examined the direct and indirect effects of household demographics and participation in social safety net programs (TANF, SSI, SNAP, Housing Vouchers) on household disaster preparedness and found that income, education, race, and having a person with disability at home were statistically mediated at least partially by welfare recipiency. This dissertation examined fissures between intent, capacities, and disaster preparedness with implications for vulnerable communities in the U.S. Results from this three-paper dissertation offer multiple takeaways and intervention points at individual and household levels for social work scholarship, education, and policy. In probing factors that enable or prevent households from taking steps to safeguard themselves against future threats, this dissertation helps inform and affirm values of human dignity and human rights, particularly among vulnerable groups. Overall, the dissertation extends the conversations around individual, contextual, and policy interventions needed to assist vulnerable populations in absorbing and overcoming the multitude of shocks they face. Social and structural barriers to improved household capacities to deal with disasters and other shocks can be addressed through effective policy interventions and a robust safety net. This dissertation examines these elements separately and offers key considerations for research, practice, and policy
Thesis (PhD) — Boston College, 2021
Submitted to: Boston College. Graduate School of Social Work
Discipline: Social Work

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Sanderson, Kristin Alayne. "Planting the seeds of environmental sensitivity using children's literature." CSUSB ScholarWorks, 2005. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd-project/2805.

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This project is aimed at helping children in elementary grades 1-6 develop a deep awareness of and empathy for the environment through children's fictional literature. This project takes a selection of children's books that encourage feelings of love, respect, and concern for the environment, and pairs them with an array of activities that put children more in touch with our planet and its problems. This combination of shared stories and related activities may be influential in developing environmental sensitivity in young children.

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Stagl, Sigrid. "Delinking economic growth from environmental degradation? A literature survey on the Environmental Kuznets Curve hypothesis." Inst. für Volkswirtschaftstheorie und -politik, WU Vienna University of Economics and Business, 1999. http://epub.wu.ac.at/1490/1/document.pdf.

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The effect of economic growth on environmental quality is much under dispute. A number of empirical studies have made the claim that there exists in some income ranges a positive relation between per capita income and some measure of environmental quality. According to this inverted U-shaped pattern of different pollutants relative to per capita incomes in different countries which is also called the "Environmental Kuznets Curve" (EKC), environmental pressure increases up to a point as income goes up; after the turning point environmental quality improves as income keeps rising. Possible explanations for this pattern are seen in the progression of economic development, from clean agrarian economies to polluting industrial economies to clean service economies. This trend is enhanced through the transfer of cleaner technology from high-income countries to low-income countries and the tendency of people with higher income having a higher preference for environmental quality. Since this relationship is so fundamental to questions of economic development and sustainability it has provoked a vast load of research over the last seven years supporting but also heavily criticizing the results and conclusions. This paper gives an overview of the literature published on this topic to date and the conceptual, methodological and fundamental critique put forward. (author's abstract)
Series: Working Papers Series "Growth and Employment in Europe: Sustainability and Competitiveness"

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Tien, Hsien-Jen. "A literature study of the arching effects." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/39056.

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Key, Heather Joann. "Tornado Fatalities: An In-Depth Look at Physical and Societal Influences." Scholar Commons, 2015. http://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/5714.

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The purpose of this study is to model and determine significant predictors of tornado death index values, and to investigate these significant predictors and what makes people vulnerable to tornado fatalities through expert interviews. This study also provides an understanding of the study participant’s perceptions of their county’s vulnerability to tornado fatality and demonstrates a true integration of methods and fields by studying geographic, meteorological, and sociological phenomena by use of quantitative and qualitative methods. The study consists of two parts: 1) A quantitative exploration of variables hypothesized to predict Tornado Death Index (TDI) values, 2) A qualitative investigation to further understand what leads to higher tornado fatalities. For the quantitative portion of the study descriptive statistics and multiple linear regressions were run on TDI values. It was predicted that several tornado characteristic, demographic, housing type and characteristic, religious, region, rural vs. urban, and potential casualty variables were significant predictors of TDI values. For the qualitative portion of the study a highest order emergency manager was interviewed, coding was done and themes, sub-themes, and categories emerged, and quotes that demonstrated the themes and categories were examined. Overall, significant predictor variables of TDI are tornado frequency, tornado width, ages 35-44, percent born in the Northeast, percent rural housing units, and potential casualties. As tornado width, and percent of rural housing units increases TDI increases (positive relationship), whereas as tornado frequency, ages 35-44, being born in the Northeast, and potential casualty increases TDI decreases (negative relationship). In the interview, age, cultural beliefs, and mobility challenges were found to increase risk to tornado fatality. It was also suggested that differences in tornados may exist between the Midwest and the South in terms of tornado development, duration, and warning lead-times. Finally, vulnerability can be reduced by educating the public, and reaching out to vulnerable populations and their caregivers.

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Drugan, Joanna Marie. "Environmental themes in French literature and politics of the 1930s." Thesis, University of Glasgow, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.323737.

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Cruz, Miguel A. "A State and Territorial Survey Regarding Utilization of Environmental Health Shelter Assessments during Disasters, and a Secondary Analysis of Available Shelter Assessment Data." FIU Digital Commons, 2014. http://digitalcommons.fiu.edu/etd/1738.

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Disasters are complex events characterized by damage to key infrastructure and population displacements into disaster shelters. Assessing the living environment in shelters during disasters is a crucial health security concern. Until now, jurisdictional knowledge and preparedness on those assessment methods, or deficiencies found in shelters is limited. A cross-sectional survey (STUSA survey) ascertained knowledge and preparedness for those assessments in all 50 states, DC, and 5 US territories. Descriptive analysis of overall knowledge and preparedness was performed. Fisher’s exact statistics analyzed differences between two groups: jurisdiction type and population size. Two logistic regression models analyzed earthquakes and hurricane risks as predictors of knowledge and preparedness. A convenience sample of state shelter assessments records (n=116) was analyzed to describe environmental health deficiencies found during selected events. Overall, 55 (98%) of jurisdictions responded (states and territories) and appeared to be knowledgeable of these assessments (states 92%, territories 100%, p = 1.000), and engaged in disaster planning with shelter partners (states 96%, territories 83%, p = 0.564). Few had shelter assessment procedures (states 53%, territories 50%, p = 1.000); or training in disaster shelter assessments (states 41%, 60% territories, p = 0.638). Knowledge or preparedness was not predicted by disaster risks, population size, and jurisdiction type in neither model. Knowledge: hurricane (Adjusted OR 0.69, 95% C.I. 0.06-7.88); earthquake (OR 0.82, 95% C.I. 0.17-4.06); and both risks (OR 1.44, 95% C.I. 0.24-8.63); preparedness model: hurricane (OR 1.91, 95% C.I. 0.06-20.69); earthquake (OR 0.47, 95% C.I. 0.7-3.17); and both risks (OR 0.50, 95% C.I. 0.06-3.94). Environmental health deficiencies documented in shelter assessments occurred mostly in: sanitation (30%); facility (17%); food (15%); and sleeping areas (12%); and during ice storms and tornadoes. More research is needed in the area of environmental health assessments of disaster shelters, particularly, in those areas that may provide better insight into the living environment of all shelter occupants and potential effects in disaster morbidity and mortality. Also, to evaluate the effectiveness and usefulness of these assessments methods and the data available on environmental health deficiencies in risk management to protect those at greater risk in shelter facilities during disasters.

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Boudreaux, Becky. "The Representation of the Environment in Children's Literature." ScholarWorks@UNO, 2006. http://scholarworks.uno.edu/td/335.

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This study is a descriptive research project which examines a purposeful census of the best selling children's books for 0-8 year olds in the United States in 2003. This cross-sectional study of these social artifacts evaluates the extent to which the ideologies of the environmental movement have been inculcated into culture. It evaluates how the environment is represented in childrenâ€™s literature and the extent to which children's literature meets the goals of environmental education. Through narrative semeiotic analysis of the themes, as well as the manifest (text) and latent (pictures) content, varying degrees of pro and antienvironmental ideologies reflected by these representations emerged. Analytic induction revealed that these representations reflected ideologies of human domination over nature. In addition, in most cases, the representation of the environment did not reflect or meet the goals of environmental education. This finding sheds light on the role children's books play in the environmental socialization of America's youth.

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Waage, Frederick O. "Raintree County, the Foremost American Environmental Novel: Uncovering the Deep Message of an Undervalued Text." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2011. https://amzn.com/0773415165.

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The life of Raintree county--The 1940s: Raintree County's national context: environmentalism and ecology in the U.S. 1940s--Indiana's 1940s--The earth of Raintree County--Bioregional Raintree County--The ecofeminism of Raintree County--Sacred earth, pagan earth--The threat of technology--The self and the republic--Raintree County and the republic.
https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu_books/1099/thumbnail.jpg

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Willis, Lloyd Elliott. "Looking away the evasive environmental politics of American literature, 1823-1966 /." [Gainesville, Fla.] : University of Florida, 2006. http://purl.fcla.edu/fcla/etd/UFE0013720.

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Costello, Paige E. "Prose and Polarization: Environmental Literature and the Challenges to Constructive Discourse." Scholarship @ Claremont, 2012. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/cmc_theses/388.

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This work explores how authors employ literary modes to persuade readers towards one side or another of the environmental debate and whether the works promote constructive discourse on environmental issues. It uses two seminal works from each side of the environmental discourse, Silent Spring and The Population Bomb and The Ultimate Resource and The Skeptical Environmentalist, to analyze stylistic differences and similarities, to compare public reception, and to explain the increasing polarization of environmental discourse.

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Shamansky, Amy Helene. "Use of crafts, games, and children's literature to enhance environmental education." CSUSB ScholarWorks, 1997. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd-project/1335.

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Bardin, Jessica. "“In Wildness is the Salvation of the World:” An Ecocritical Examination of Aldo Leopold’s “Land Ethic” and Its Influence on Contemporary Environmental Literature." Ohio Dominican University Honors Theses / OhioLINK, 2015. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=oduhonors1449421920.

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Franciose, Michelle M. (Michelle Marie). "Supply chain integration : analysis framework and review of recent literature." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/11551.

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Peabody, Seth. "Environmental Fantasies: Mountains, Cities, and Heimat in Weimar Cinema." Thesis, Harvard University, 2015. http://nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:HUL.InstRepos:17467382.

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This dissertation analyzes filmic environments within Weimar cinema and argues for a concept of Heimat in which the landscapes of modernity are embedded into the environments of home. Mountain films such as Der heilige Berg enact a visual mechanization of the Alpine landscape; industrial films such as Sprengbagger 1010 constellate pastoral and modernized scenes in a similar fashion to contemporary Heimat club journals; and urban films such as Menschen am Sonntag reveal the ways in which the city figures as Heimat within Weimar film. Further, film journals display contradictory discourses surrounding Heimat before the standardization of idyllic rural scenes in the postwar Heimatfilm genre. These filmic environments interact with the real-world environment in complex and multi-directional ways. They participate in the development of new ways of seeing, marketing, and using the environment and function as nodes within sociopolitical debates regarding human communities and physical landscapes. These findings complicate arguments made by environmental historians who have claimed that the German notion of Heimat, encompassing both natural and cultural elements, might offer a useful alternative to the essentialism of the American wilderness ideal. In fact, the image of Heimat as a rural nature-culture hybrid, at least within film, only became dominant in the Nazi era. Within Weimar cinema, the term Heimat represents the focal point of a much more diverse and open discussion of environmental values.
Germanic Languages and Literatures

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Kennedy, Robert Oran. ""And a soul in ev'ry stone"| The ludic natures of Pale Fire and Gravity's Rainbow." Thesis, The University of Utah, 2016. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10001410.

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The author argues that ecocriticism has overlooked important works of mid-20th-century American literature because of their unorthodox approaches to writing about nature. These unorthodox approaches revolve around the use of humor and play to formulate arguments about nature. The author argues that because ecocriticism as a political critique emphasizes ecological catastrophe, humor and ludic writing tend to get ignored in the critical discussion. The author expresses the desire to expand the conversation on ludic texts. The author argues that two texts with relatively little ecocritical attention, Thomas Pynchon’s Gravity’s Rainbow and Vladimir Nabokov’s Pale Fire, use the aesthetic theories of Friedrich Nietzsche to explain the role of the non-human in human civilization.

In the first chapter, Vladimir Nabokov’s Pale Fire is argued to be a novel that is about the natural source of human aesthetic production. The author synthesizes studies of the novel and argues that Nabokov’s novel, both in its language and form, valorizes mimesis as the source of all aesthetic production. Nabokov’s belief in some form of design is examined through mimicry, and is found to permeate the novel through structural and descriptive references to games and nature. Nabokov is found to be influenced by the theories of Friedrich Nietzsche, Johan Huizinga, and Walter Benjamin. Nabokov ultimately finds that the justification for the world is aesthetic, that nature is important to humans as the origin of all artistic impulses.

The second chapter reads Thomas Pynchon’s Gravity’s Rainbow through the many references to Nietzsche’s Birth of Tragedy, finding that the novel sets nature against civilization according to Nietzsche’s distinction between the Dionysian and the Apollonian. The author finds that the novel holds up the natural world as a counter-force to the capitalist impulse to control and exploit the natural and human worlds. The author examines how Pynchon uses Dionysian tropes like drunkenness, absurdity, music, and feelings of oneness in the novel in moments of resistance to the dominant order.

The conclusion suggests that the work of Friedrich Nietzsche ought to be examined as an influential source for modern views on the value of nature.

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O'Connell, Nicholas. "On sacred ground : the landscape literature of the Pacific Northwest /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/9398.

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Westerman, Jennifer H. "Landscapes of labor : nature, work, and environmental justice in Depression-era fiction /." abstract and full text PDF (UNR users only), 2009. http://0-gateway.proquest.com.innopac.library.unr.edu/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&res_dat=xri:pqdiss&rft_dat=xri:pqdiss:3342624.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Nevada, Reno, 2008.
"May, 2009." Includes bibliographical references (leaves 195-212). Library also has microfilm. Ann Arbor, Mich. : ProQuest Information and Learning Company, [2009]. 1 microfilm reel ; 35 mm. Online version available on the World Wide Web.

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Cook, Barbara J. "Women's transformative texts from the Southwestern Ecotone /." view abstract or download file of text, 2003. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/uoregon/fullcit?p3095241.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Oregon, 2003.
Typescript. Includes vita and abstract. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 161-179). Also available for download via the World Wide Web; free to University of Oregon users.

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Sakai, Rafael de Oliveira. "Estudo do impacto de Debris Flows: caso da bacia do rio Santo Antônio em Caraguatatuba (Brasil)." Universidade de São Paulo, 2014. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/3/3145/tde-29122014-115910/.

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O estudo apresentado fundamenta-se no evento extremo ocorrido em março de 1967, na Bacia do Rio Santo Antônio, no Município de Caraguatatuba, Brasil, tendo por objetivo esclarecer os reais impactos do fenômeno de debris flows, ou corridas de detritos, produzido por precipitações intensas. Os riscos intangíveis de vítimas humanas e tangíveis de danos materiais associados a tal evento na região são muito maiores nos dias de hoje, devido ao crescimento demográfico e à implantação de grandes empreendimentos industriais, como os do setor petrolífero, com reduzidos e, muitas vezes inexistentes, sistemas de defesa. Considerando tais fatores, a região necessita de estudos detalhados que possibilitem a elaboração de planos diretores mais eficazes, com objetivas diretrizes para a tomada de decisões, planos de contingência, regulação da distribuição da população, medidas estruturais mitigadoras e remediadoras. Para chegar aos resultados do estudo, foi definido o modelo digital do terreno a partir de análises topográficas, geográficas, hidrográficas e de uso e ocupação do território. A simulação de um evento similar ao ocorrido em 1967 resultou em valiosas informações para a definição de planos de evacuação, diretrizes de zoneamento, critérios de desmobilização, planos diretores para o município e implantação de obras de defesa.
The study here proposed aims to define the real impacts of the debris flows phenomenona, caused by a very intense rainfall, based on the disaster occurred in March of 1967, in Caraguatatuba, Brazil. The risk regarding mainly human casualties and material losses associated to such events in the region is higher nowadays, due to the increasing population rates and the settling of large companies such as oil industry, with reduced defense measures and works. Considering these factors, the region needs more detailed studies that will enable more effective master plans, decision making guidelines, contingency plans, population distribution regulation and structures of mitigation and remediation. In order to achieve these results, it was defined a digital terrain model through analysis of topographic, geographic, hydrographic and soil occupation data. The simulation of a similar extreme event as of 1967\'s on this model will result in valuable information to define evacuation plans, zoning guidelines, demobilization criteria, master plans and structural defenses.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Environmental disasters in literature'

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