Journal articles on the topic 'Environmental degradation Philosophy'
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1
Kidner. "Anthropocene Subjectivity and Environmental Degradation." Ethics and the Environment 26, no. 1 (2021): 57. http://dx.doi.org/10.2979/ethicsenviro.26.1.03.
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Miller, Lantz Fleming. "Individual Responsibility for Environmental Degradation." Environmental Ethics 38, no. 4 (2016): 403–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.5840/enviroethics201638435.
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Elliot, Robert. "Environmental degradation, vandalism and the aesthetic object argument." Australasian Journal of Philosophy 67, no. 2 (June 1989): 191–204. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00048408912343761.
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Wiggins, David. "An Idea we Cannot do Without: What difference will it make (eg. to moral, political and environmental philosophy) to recognize and put to use a substantial conception of need?" Royal Institute of Philosophy Supplement 57 (September 2005): 25–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1358246100009139.
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1. Conferences on the subject of need are lamentably rare. All themore honour then for this one to the Royal Institute of Philosophy(an organisation long dedicated to saving philosophy's better selffrom its worse), to the Philosophy Department at Durham, and toSoran Reader, the organizer and editor.2. Someone asked me recently what first made me think it wasimportant for philosophy to secure for itself a substantial andserious idea of needing and of thing vitally needed. What made itseem imperative to safeguard these categorizations from conceptualand rhetorical degradation? What suggested that there was aproblem here?
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Marshall, B. K. "Globalisation, Environmental Degradation and Ulrich Beck's Risk Society." Environmental Values 8, no. 2 (May 1, 1999): 253–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.3197/096327199129341824.
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Lee, Alexander, Alex Hamilton, and Benjamin Hale. "Conservation Floors and Degradation Ceilings." Environmental Ethics 42, no. 2 (2020): 135–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.5840/enviroethics2020111613.
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U.S. conservation policy, both in structure and in practice, places a heavy burden on conservationists to halt development projects, rather than on advocates of development to defend their proposed actions. In this paper, we identify this structural phenomenon in several landmark environmental policies and in practice in the contemporary debate concerning oil drilling in the Arctic National Wildlife Refuge. The burdens placed on conservation can be understood in terms of constraints—as conservation ‘floors’ (or minimum standards) and degradation ‘ceilings’ (or upper limits). At base, these floors and ceilings emerge out of underlying consequentialist commitments that assume that our environmental activity can be justified by appeal primarily to ends. A series of intuition pumps guides our argument to instead shift the conservation discourse away from these consequentialist commitments to more widely justify activities on our public lands.
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Levad, Amy. "Of Tragedies and Myths." Journal of the Society of Christian Ethics 41, no. 1 (2021): 37–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.5840/jsce202152740.
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A pragmatic turn in Christian ecological ethics and theology suggests a practical approach that draws on the strengths of each of the dominant strategies for responding to environmental degradation: government regulation, privatization, and appeals to conscience. The principle of subsidiarity in Catholic social tradition (CST), which calls for a robust social order that integrates the roles of agents on various levels of society, while delegating specific responsibilities to each level, may provide normative direction for discerning when, how, and why to employ these strategies in response to environmental degradation. This principle recommends the development of effective intermediate institutions to mitigate excessive state and economic power and to serve as outlets for organizing and channeling individual agency, yet CST has not sufficiently fleshed out what such institutions look like, especially when responding to environmental degradation. The work of Nobel-winning political scientist Elinor Ostrom may correct this difficulty with her description of eight design principles of intermediate institutions in numerous ecological, social, cultural, political, and economic contexts.
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Perło, Dorota. "Environmental Quality as a Decisive Variable in Shaping Regional Development Policy." Studies in Logic, Grammar and Rhetoric 37, no. 1 (August 8, 2014): 159–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/slgr-2014-0023.
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Abstract The article examines the impact of environmental quality on shaping the development policy of Polish voivodeships. The main analytical tool used was the synthetic index of environmental quality, compiled by means of the Perkal method. It was constructed in order to organize Polish voivodeships in terms of environmental quality, which was determined in a comprehensive way on the basis of three thematic areas: advantages of the natural environment, the level of pollution (degradation) of the environment as well as active protective activities. The obtained values of synthetic measures were then compared to the level of economic growth of Polish regions. It was necessary in determining which voivodeships perceive the quality of the environment as the main factor enhancing their economic growth, and which treat it as a barrier to economic development.
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Goodin, Robert E. "International Ethics and the Environmental Crisis." Ethics & International Affairs 4 (March 1990): 91–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1747-7093.1990.tb00247.x.
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Environmental degradation can no longer be handled by means of traditional local remedies in the face of the current global environmental crisis. The author outlines specific ways to overcome the crisis through international means, obliging each individual nation to reduce its own hazardous production, while enjoining a collective effort to confront the challenge of global environmental deterioration. Only through policy-making based on the recognition of shared danger and international commitments to reduce damage can we achieve a shared moral responsibility for environmental protection.
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Afolayan, Adeshina. "Yorùbá Philosophy and Contemporary Nigerian Realities." Yoruba Studies Review 3, no. 1 (December 21, 2021): 1–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.32473/ysr.v3i1.129914.
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Beginning from Marx’s understanding of the relationship between philosophy and reality, this Introduction to the special edition of the Yoruba Studies Review explores the inevitable but complex relationship that exists between philosophy and its place. Specifically, it is grounded on the urgency of interrogating Nigeria’s postcolonial realities in the light of Yorùbá philosophical insights that, among other things, enable a rethinking of postcolonial social practices especially as sites of identity, agency, knowledge, objectivity, and even of resistance and power. Premised on the fundamental assumption that Yorùbá philosophy constitutes a fundamental site of scholarship within which the task of understanding and reinventing the Nigerian state and societies can be achieved, the Introduction weaves this assumption into the analysis of the fourteen essays that explores Nigeria’s postcolonial realities ranging from overpopulation, public (im)morality, ethnic conflict, injustice, and democratic deficit to environmental degradation, disability, depersonalization, youth culture, and a glaring disconnection between educational theory and practice.
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Whiting, Kai, Aldo Dinucci, Edward Simpson, and Leonidas Konstantakos. "The Environmental Battle Hymn of the Stoic God." Symposion 9, no. 1 (2022): 51–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.5840/symposion2022914.
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In Stoic theology, the universe constitutes a living organism. Humankind has often had a detrimental impact on planetary health. We propose that the Stoic call to live according to Nature, where God and Nature are one and the same, provides a philosophical basis for re-addressing environmental degradation. We discuss the value of the logocentric framework and aligning oneself with Divine will and natural law (as stated by reason) in order that living beings can thrive.
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Tititampruk, Dittita, and Tanet Ketsil. "Care for the Environment and Environmental Crime Based on Theravada Buddhist Philosophy." International Journal of Criminology and Sociology 10 (July 19, 2021): 1229–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.6000/1929-4409.2021.10.143.
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From past to present, global compressions on human and environmental systems are more likely to increase than ever before in human history. With the science and technology advancement, we are living in the age of the global village that enables more convenient and brings us closer together. However, this also means that human being is suffering from global environmental crisis including the threat of war, economic crises, racial conflicts, environmental degradation, and environmental crime. This paper represents library-based work to date in Buddhist contemporary and useful perspectives and strategies on environmental protection and prevention in the backdrop of growing consumerism and capitalism influenced by western cultural in post-globalization era. Comparing to other countries, Thailand faces various environmental problems and some of them could become to environmental crime such as illegal wildlife trade; smuggling ozone-depleting substances; illicit trade in hazardous waste and pollution; illegal mining; illegal, unregulated and unreported fishing; illegal logging and associated trade in stolen timber. Since Thailand is one of largely Buddhist practical countries, measures to conserve the environment can draw on the principles and precepts of Lord Buddha’s teachings, known as Tripitaka. In Lord Buddha’s lifetime, environmental problems were not salient, but surprisingly, Lord Buddha recognised such problems because they are related to natural law. Accordingly, he established disciplinary rules for monks to live as models of not destroying the environment. The five precepts of Buddhism are the examples of the main principals in Buddhism which is regulations regarding the relation with environmental crime protection and humanity.
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Outsios, Georgios, and Markus Kittler. "The mindset of UK environmental entrepreneurs: A habitus perspective." International Small Business Journal: Researching Entrepreneurship 36, no. 3 (November 17, 2017): 285–306. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0266242617739343.
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Environmental entrepreneurship has emerged as a significant sub-domain of entrepreneurship research. Drawing from Bourdieu’s work on the notion of habitus, we theorise on the emergence of UK environmental entrepreneurs. Based on evidence from a focus group and a series of in-depth interviews with twenty social and commercial environmental entrepreneurs, we provide insights on past experiences which culturally shaped the participants’ environmental and entrepreneurial dispositions. Specifically, we illustrate how education and the environmental movement in the form of role models, environmental literature and philosophy became influential elements of the interviewees’ cultural legacy. We also depict how parenthood and travel experiences, especially to places of significant environmental degradation, profoundly affected the formation of the environmental and entrepreneurial habitus of our interviewed environmental entrepreneurs. Contributing to the emerging theory of practice studies in entrepreneurship research, we provide a systematic habitus approach to the environmental entrepreneurial mindset.
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Marx, Leo. "Environmental degradation and the ambiguous social role of science and technology." Journal of the History of Biology 25, no. 3 (1992): 449–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00352002.
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Anisimov, Alexey, and Anatoly Ryzhenkov. "On the Impact of the Coronavirus Pandemic on the Need to Rethink the Concept of the Environmental Legislation." Legal Concept, no. 3 (November 2020): 11–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.15688/lc.jvolsu.2020.3.2.
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Introduction: the coronavirus pandemic has led to severe medical, economic, political and other consequences, but the causes of its occurrence have not been sufficiently studied in the social sciences. The authors propose a discussion of this problem from the standpoint of the philosophy of environmental law. The purpose of the research: to show the relationship between the state of the environment and human health, to argue the hypothesis that the coronavirus pandemic is caused by the environmental factors. Tasks: to determine the main content elements of the philosophy of environmental law; provide arguments in favor of the hypothesis about the impact of environmental pollution on the life and health of not only humans, but also wild animals; offer a list of legislative measures to reduce the human pressure on nature, which will prevent or reduce the response of Nature to human exposure. Methods: dialectical, system, logical, analysis, synthesis. Results: the close relationship between philosophy and law is studied, on the basis of which a new direction of scientific research can be formulated – “the philosophy of environmental law”. The use of the new methodology allows us to put new scientific hypotheses and search for answers to current problems of modern social life, including those related to the appearance and consequences of the coronavirus. Conclusions: the authors argue for a systemic relationship between the environmental degradation and the response of Nature, which is manifested not only in the climate change, but also in the emergence of new types of “environmental diseases” which are common to humans and animals. Overcoming the deadly threat to humanity is only possible by changing the established consumer worldview, which should be manifested in a new perception of Nature and the resulting change in the environmental legislation.
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Whiting, Kai, Leonidas Konstantakos, Greg Misiaszek, Edward Simpson, and Luis Carmona. "Education for the Sustainable Global Citizen: What Can We Learn from Stoic Philosophy and Freirean Environmental Pedagogies?" Education Sciences 8, no. 4 (November 19, 2018): 204. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/educsci8040204.
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In support of sustainable development, the United Nations (UN) launched its Global Education First Initiative (GEFI) with the aims of accelerating progress towards universal access to education, good quality learning and the fostering of global citizenship. This paper explores how and to what extent Stoic virtue ethics and critical Freirean ecopedagogies can advance the UN’s vision for progressive educational systems with transformative societal effects. We propose an integrated solution that provides ecopedagogical concepts a more robust philosophical foundation whilst also offering Stoicism additional tools to tackle 21st-century problems, such as climate change and environmental degradation. The result of the paper is the preliminary theoretical underpinnings of an educational framework that encompasses planetary-level concerns and offers a fuller expression of the terms “sustainable development” and “global citizen”.
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Ikeke, Mark Omorovie. "Deep Ecology Philosophy and Biodiversity Conservation in Nigeria’s Niger Delta." European Journal of Sustainable Development 9, no. 2 (June 1, 2020): 80–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.14207/ejsd.2020.v9n2p80.
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Biodiversity refers to the varieties, multiplicity, and diversity of life in the ecosystem. It is being lost on a daily basis in Nigeria’s Niger Delta. This is as a result of the environmental degradation caused by oil exploration and gas activities. In the process of drilling for oil and exploring for gas resources, the natural environment such as plants, animals and their communities is destroyed and endangered. Oil exploration activities continue unabated in the Niger Delta. There is need to combat biodiversity loss if not many of the benefits from biodiversity will be lost. With critical analysis the philosophy of deep ecology is examined and presented as having potentials to contribute to conserving biodiversity in Nigeria’s Niger Delta. The paper concludes that there is vital need to preserve biodiversity using deep ecology values. Keywords: Deep ecology, biodiversity, conservation, Niger Delta, Nigeria, and Philosophy
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Wildes, Fred T. "Recent Themes in Conservation Philosophy and Policy in the United States." Environmental Conservation 22, no. 2 (1995): 143–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0376892900010195.
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A key characteristic of conservation in the United States is the dichotomy between two main philosophies. One of these is anthropocentric and utilitarian, advocating the wise use of Nature and natural resources, while the other is basically ecocentric, as it espouses principles of nonuse and preservation. This dualism has existed since the early days of the conservation movement, when the formerly uncontrolled use of a supposedly limitless natural environment finally gave way to a policy of resource management which was designed to conserve Nature and resource availability within the framework of human utilization. Generally opposed to this historically dominant paradigm were those who believed in preserving Nature for its own sake, and who have laboured over the years to modify and ameliorate the prevalent, central pattern.After a period of relative unconcern, conservation underwent a resurgence as part of the environmental movement of the 1960s and 1970s. Environmental quality was the key concern, being highlighted by problems of pollution and degradation of the natural habitat. While providing the impetus for some broad environmental and conservation measures, this central focus directed primary attention to setting the problems. The traditional dominance of utilitarian resource management was maintained, relying on our managerial and scientific skills to address heightened environmental concerns. The era also spawned a number of other philosophies and themes. These have included a renewed sense of the ethics and spirituality of Nature, the emergence of ecology as a publicly-recognized-as-important field of science, ‘greener’ ecocentric movements, theories advocating more radical change, neo-Marxist theory on the relationship between Man and Nature, and various themes on limiting environmental growth and stress especially imposed by everincreasing human numbers.
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Rachmadani, Fadhila. "PARTICIPATION OF BRAYUT VILLAGE SOCIETY ON THE DEVELOPMENT OF TOURISM VILLAGE BASED ON ECOTOURISM AS A REPRESENTATION OF HUMAN NATURE PHILOSOPHY." Jurnal Kawistara 8, no. 1 (September 20, 2018): 9. http://dx.doi.org/10.22146/kawistara.27690.
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The environmental crisis is a problem that has a serious impact for life on the earth. Drought, climate change, and environmental degradation are the part of the environmental crisis which is caused by human intervention to the environment. This paper is discussesed a study case about participation of Brayut Village society, Pendowoharjo, Sleman, Yogyakarta Special Region in developing of tourist village based on ecotourism. Brayut has developed the village based on ecotourism in order to maintain the natural conservation which is concern on agriculture. The participation of Brayut society in the implementation of ecotourism is represents environmental awareness attitude which is deliver a point to the public about a response to the environment crisis in Pendowoharjo, Sleman, Yogyakarta Special Region. Also as a reflection of human nature philosophy that shows a human responsibility to the environment.
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Laura, Ronald S., and Ting Liu. "Frontiers in Environmental Education: Philosophical Reflections on the Impact of Power Epistemology and Consumerist Pedagogy in Environmental Education." Journal of Education and Culture Studies 1, no. 2 (August 16, 2017): 164. http://dx.doi.org/10.22158/jecs.v1n2p164.
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<p class="BodyA"><em>I</em><em>n this paper we argue that an educational ideology, based on an epistemology of power and consumerism, has become embedded within the structural foundations of Western Education. The combination of a power-based epistemology which informs curriculum design on the one hand, coupled with a consumerist educational ideology of universal commodification on the other, have served to provide the basis for a persuasive but pernicious philosophy of nature. Virtually every relationship we have with nature, and in turn with each other, is reduced to a saleable item for exchange. The radical shift in socio-cultural perspective which has resulted from what we call an </em><em>“ideo-epistemic pedagogy</em><em>” has been both monumental and inimical to the ostensible goals of environmental education. Motivated by an ideology in which knowledge is construed as a “form of power”, and linked to relentless economic consumption, contemporary environmental education will simply reproduce, albeit in beguilingly inferential ways, the same contextual dynamics of technological invasiveness and mindless expropriation of natural resources that continue to lead ineluctably, and almost imperceptibly to the decimation and degradation of nature.</em></p>
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Hahnel, Robin. "Wanted: A Pollution Damage Revealing Mechanism." Review of Radical Political Economics 49, no. 2 (October 14, 2015): 233–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0486613415608134.
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This article proposes a theoretical, incentive compatible, pollution damage revealing mechanism to induce people to reveal how much they are damaged by environmental degradation so polluters can be charged for the amount of damage caused. The mechanism is embedded in the participatory planning procedure that is part of a theoretical alternative to capitalism known as a “participatory economy.”
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Mongsawad, Prasopchoke, and Nattapong Thongpakde. "Sufficiency Economy Philosophy: A Holistic Approach to Economic Development and Mainstream Economic Thought." Asian Social Science 12, no. 7 (June 21, 2016): 136. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/ass.v12n7p136.
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<p>The theories of mainstream economics have been criticised for triggering periodic crises and fluctuations, as well as causing resource depletion and environmental degradation. Also, they are accused of worsening the problems of poverty and income distribution, while ignoring the well-being of people and social issues. The Sufficiency Economy Philosophy, bestowed by His Majesty, King Bhumibol Adulyadej, for Thai people in 1997 as a tool to cope with economic adversity, is an alternative way of viewing development. The essence of the Philosophy is that people should act with due consideration, and in moderation. The Philosophy emphasizes moral behaviour by people and society, which mainstream economic thought lacks. Incorporating such human behaviours as moderation and morality into economic decision making is sensible and yields different outcomes from the typical economic framework. Moderation serves as a tool to filter out greed and consumerist behaviour. Morality leads an individual to consider the consequence of his/her actions to others and to society. Together with the reasonableness concept implying non-excessive risk taking behaviour, under the Philosophy an economy will have reduced economic fluctuations, less likelihood of an economic crisis, and sustained quality growth. The Sufficiency Economy Philosophy will make its mark in the economic development arena as an alternative thought system that works for the people and the economy.</p>
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Moseley, Lyndsay, and David Lewis Feldman. "FAITH-BASED ENVIRONMENTAL INITIATIVES IN APPALACHIA: CONNECTING FAITH, ENVIRONMENTAL CONCERN AND REFORM." Worldviews: Global Religions, Culture, and Ecology 7, no. 3 (2003): 227–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156853503322709128.
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AbstractChristian faith-based environmental reform efforts in Appalachia advance a framework for policy change based on the view that the roots of the contemporary environmental crisis are moral and spiritual in nature. We examine how this framework is advanced among twenty faith-based organizations in Appalachia—a region with a legacy of serious environmental problems and a strong Christian tradition. We argue that these groups call for a new paradigm for assessing the causes of environmental problems—and for alleviating them. Unlike the traditional paradigm for change, which emphasizes political alterations, faith-based initiatives in Appalachia seek to advance environmental reform by promoting a transformation of personal values, attitudes, and conduct in support of an environmental ethic of care. Furthermore, these initiatives' strategies focus on educational and other strategies that can bring about this personal transformation—and, eventually, societal change. The major assumptions promoted by the traditional paradigm are seen by these Appalachian initiatives as key reasons for continued environmental degradation, while the underlying values of the new paradigm constitute a vision for an earth-keeping community having individual and global dimensions.
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Antwi, Joseph Kofi. "The value of a person in Akan traditional life and thought: A contemporary inquiry." European Journal of Interdisciplinary Studies 3, no. 2 (January 21, 2017): 94. http://dx.doi.org/10.26417/ejis.v3i2.p94-102.
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As a contribution to the debate on African Philosophy, this paper explores the value of a person in Akan traditional life and thought. African philosophy can be found in the various traditional and cultural schemes of the people. This paper maintains that one of the approaches of appreciating African philosophy is through the traditional concept and worldview of the nature of a person. This paper argues that a person is not just a bag of flesh and bones that we see with our eyes, but, a more complex being with soul and body. Through a qualitative analysis of the relevant literature, this paper argues that some contemporary incidents, such as African crossing the Mediterranean Sea to seek better life in Europe, and the recent Xenophobic attacks on some African nationals in South Africa, undermines the indigenous value of a person in Akan traditional life and thought. This paper concludes that the real goal of the value of human life, as one of the dominant themes in African philosophy, must be properly studied, assessed, understood and harnessed in addressing contemporary African problems, such as corruption in government and society, environmental degradation, indiscipline, diseases and conflicts in our communities and other social vices. Keywords: Akan worldview, philosophical thought, communalism, humanism, Agenda 2063
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Antwi, Joseph Kofi. "The value of a person in Akan traditional life and thought: A contemporary inquiry." European Journal of Interdisciplinary Studies 7, no. 2 (January 21, 2017): 94. http://dx.doi.org/10.26417/ejis.v7i2.p94-102.
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As a contribution to the debate on African Philosophy, this paper explores the value of a person in Akan traditional life and thought. African philosophy can be found in the various traditional and cultural schemes of the people. This paper maintains that one of the approaches of appreciating African philosophy is through the traditional concept and worldview of the nature of a person. This paper argues that a person is not just a bag of flesh and bones that we see with our eyes, but, a more complex being with soul and body. Through a qualitative analysis of the relevant literature, this paper argues that some contemporary incidents, such as African crossing the Mediterranean Sea to seek better life in Europe, and the recent Xenophobic attacks on some African nationals in South Africa, undermines the indigenous value of a person in Akan traditional life and thought. This paper concludes that the real goal of the value of human life, as one of the dominant themes in African philosophy, must be properly studied, assessed, understood and harnessed in addressing contemporary African problems, such as corruption in government and society, environmental degradation, indiscipline, diseases and conflicts in our communities and other social vices. Keywords: Akan worldview, philosophical thought, communalism, humanism, Agenda 2063
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Zeide, Boris. "Resolving contradictions in forestry: Back to science." Forestry Chronicle 77, no. 6 (December 1, 2001): 973–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.5558/tfc77973-6.
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From the very start of our profession, the goal of forestry has been sustained yield, which implies sustainable environment. Although ecosystem management shares this goal, its philosophy and methods are different. A crucial difference is that, unlike traditional forestry, ecosystem management does not know where to manage (we cannot delineate the ecosystem), how to manage (approaches and techniques designed for a highly coordinated whole may be irrelevant to a patchwork of plants and animals), what to manage (since biodiversity remains undefined), and why to manage (ecocentrism is suicidal; our ethics have to be anthropocentric). Key words: delineating ecosystems, ecosystem management, measuring biodiversity, sustainable environment, symptoms and cause of environmental degradation
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Rodriguez, Jason. "The US Minimalist Movement: Radical Political Practice?" Review of Radical Political Economics 50, no. 2 (January 20, 2017): 286–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0486613416665832.
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The US minimalist movement represents an increasingly popular critical reflection on the ills of consumerism and an effort to forge new ways of living amidst consumer capitalism. In the face of escalating consumption, debt, and environmental degradation, minimalists’ calls for rethinking “needs” is timely and highlights important problems that typify US capitalism. This article explores minimalists’ social-theoretical insights and resistance to consumerism considering whether, and to what extent, minimalism represents a radical, anti-capitalist movement.
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Medici, Antonio, Giovanni Luongo, Giovanni Di Fabio, and Armando Zarrelli. "Environmental Fate of Organic Sunscreens during Water Disinfection Processes: The Formation of Degradation By-Products and Their Toxicological Profiles." Molecules 27, no. 14 (July 13, 2022): 4467. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules27144467.
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The development of any commercial product should also be aimed at reducing the risk associated with it, according to the safe-by-design concept; that is, risk assessment should always be at the center of the design, and the impact on human and environmental health should be assessed and eliminated during the product development phase and not afterwards. Unfortunately, even today, most operators in any production sector implement the philosophy of “risk management” or rather of managing the problem when it occurs, using spot interventions instead of changing the approach. This argument is also valid in the production of solar filters, which have reached a satisfactory degree of efficiency in the face of a substantial underestimation of the risks associated with their possible environmental fate. In fact, solar filters have been found in bathing waters and their environmental fate may depend on various factors such as the pH of the water, the presence of organic material, metal ions and light, and, above all, the chemical agents used in the disinfection of the water itself. Thus, during disinfection processes, the generation of dozens of products with a lower molecular weight and generally of an aromatic nature has been tested, where some of them did not receive an exact structural definition and a precise evaluation of their precise toxicological profile. Therefore, it is interesting to draw a complete picture of organic sunscreens and of the byproducts obtained under different conditions and their related ecotoxicological profile.
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Sosa, Andrea. "Let’s turn off the lights and turn on the night: to the rescue of starlight in an age of artificial lighting." Proceedings of the International Astronomical Union 15, S367 (December 2019): 328–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1743921321000910.
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AbstractOur ancestors contemplated an inspiring night sky of science, philosophy, art … today, it is estimated that one third of the world’s population have never seen the Milky Way. The progressive degradation of the quality of the night sky due to an inappropriate use of the artificial light at night, as well to other sources of sky pollution, must be considered as the fundamental loss of a scientific, cultural and environmental heritage of humanity.In this public talk we summarized the most relevant aspects of light pollution, the reasons for promoting good lighting to protect dark skies, and some of the initiatives at a global level that are being developed to preserve the darkness of the night sky.
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Ioanide, Paula. "Apocalyptic Fears in a Time of Dying (of) Whiteness." Journal of Speculative Philosophy 35, no. 4 (November 1, 2021): 323–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.5325/jspecphil.35.4.0323.
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Abstract This article considers what caused the resurgence of white nationalist rage, resentment, and fears before and after Donald Trump was elected to office. For the white working class, declining economic prospects for mobility were sutured to fears of a dying whiteness. The political right used information tactics that normalized a conspiratorial, “post-truth” worldview. For white middle- and upper-class Americans who have been thriving economically since the 1980s, the fears of a dying whiteness were overwhelmingly projected as future possibilities. Such emotional investments in defending whiteness forged a cross-class identification with Trump's white nationalist agenda. At the same time, racial and environmental justice movements made other white Americans increasingly aware that they might be dying of whiteness—a ontological and materialist system that is leading to a collective process of social degradation and ecological self-destruction. The essay speculates on what might motivate white Americans to join a broader divestment from systemic racism and to create a new ontology based on atonement and reparations.
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Crippen, Matthew. "Africapitalism, Ubuntu, and Sustainability." Environmental Ethics 43, no. 3 (2021): 235–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.5840/enviroethics202111929.
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Ubuntu originated in small-scale societies in precolonial Africa. It stresses metaphysical and moral interconnectedness of humans, and newer Africapitalist approaches absorb ubuntu ideology, with the aims of promoting community wellbeing and restoring a love of local place that global free trade has eroded. Ecological degradation violates these goals, which ought to translate into care for the nonhuman world, in addition to which some sub-Saharan thought systems promote environmental concern as a value in its own right. The foregoing story is reinforced by field research on African hunting operations that appear—counterintuitively—to reconcile conservation with business imperatives and local community interests. Though acknowledging shortcomings, I maintain these hunting enterprises do, by and large, adopt Africapitalist and ubuntu attitudes to enhance community wellbeing, environmental sustainability, and long-term economic viability. I also examine how well-intentioned Western conservation agendas are neocolonial impositions that impede local control while exacerbating environmental destruction and socioeconomic hardship. Ubuntu offers a conciliatory epistemology, which Africapitalism incorporates, and I conclude by considering how standard moral theories and political divisions become less antagonistic within these sub-Saharan frameworks, so even opponents can find common cause.
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Glazebrook, Trish. "Women and Climate Change: A Case‐Study from Northeast Ghana." Hypatia 26, no. 4 (2011): 762–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1527-2001.2011.01212.x.
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This paper argues that there is ethical and practical necessity for including women's needs, perspectives, and expertise in international climate change negotiations. I show that climate change contributes to women's hardships because of the conjunction of the feminization of poverty and environmental degradation caused by climate change. I then provide data I collected in Ghana to demonstrate effects of extreme weather events on women subsistence farmers and argue that women have knowledge to contribute to adaptation efforts. The final section surveys the international climate debate, assesses explanations for its gender blindness, and summarizes the progress on gender that was made at Copenhagen and Cancun in order to document and provoke movement toward climate justice for women.
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Lozano-Verduzco, Ignacio, Rodrigo Marín-Navarrete, Martha Romero-Mendoza, and Antonio Tena-Suck. "Experiences of Power and Violence in Mexican Men Attending Mutual-Aid Residential Centers for Addiction Treatment." American Journal of Men's Health 10, no. 3 (January 13, 2015): 237–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1557988314565812.
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Fundamental elements of hegemonic masculinity such as power and violence are analyzed through characteristics of 12-step programs and philosophy immersed in Mutual-Aid Residential Centers for Addiction Treatment (CRAMAAs). CRAMAAs are a culturally specific form of substance abuse treatment in Mexico that are characterized by control and violence. Fifteen interviews were carried out with men of varied sociodemographic characteristics, and who resided in at least two of these centers. Results identify that power is expressed through drug abuse and leads them to subsequent biopsychosocial degradation. Residency in CRAMAAs is motivated by women, but men do not seek the residency and are usually admitted unwillingly. Power through violence is carried out inside CRAMAAs where men are victims of abuse. From a 12-step philosophy, this violence is believed to lead them to a path of recovery but instead produces feelings of anger and frustration. The implications of these centers on Mexican public health are discussed.
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Abu Sayem, Md. "A Scientific World-View of Nature and Environmental Problem with a Special Concentration on Seyyed Hossein Nasr’s Understanding of Environmental Sustainability (Perspektif Sains terhadap Krisis Alam dan Persekitaran: Pemikiran Seyyed Hossein Nasr tentan)." Journal of Islam in Asia (E-ISSN: 2289-8077) 15, no. 2 (December 24, 2018): 312–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.31436/jia.v15i2.753.
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The present paper attempts to expose how the scientific world-view of nature contributes to the present environmental crisis. Alongside this, it relates European Renaissance, humanism, secularism, the scientific and industrial revolutions, modern philosophy, scientism, technology-based modern life, consumerism-based modern society, etc. with current environmental problems. By focusing on Nasr’s traditional understanding of nature, the paper explores how materialistic and mechanistic world-views are deeply connected with the present ecological crisis. It also offers a critical analysis of Nasr’s spiritual and religious world-view of nature and examines its relevance. In doing so, it aims to highlight some demerits of the present world-view, and to call to reform current perceptions of nature by revitalizing traditional wisdom in order to protect the environment from further degradation. Thus, the paper is scholarly addition to the ongoing discourse on the issue of religions and the environment.
Keywords: Eco-theology, Environmental Degradation, Materialistic and Mechanistic Views of Nature, Scientism, Spiritual Crisis of Modern humans, Religious and Spiritual World-Views.
Abstrak
Kertas kajian ini menerangkan bagaimana pandangan saintifik telah menyumbang kepada krisis alam sekitar semasa. Disamping itu, kertas ini akan menhubungkaitkan Gerakan Revolusi Humanisma di Eropah, sekularisme, revolusi sains dan perindustrian, falsafah moden, saintisme, kehidupan moden yang berasaskan teknologi, masyarakat moden yang berasaskan consumerisme, etc. dengan krisis alam sekitar yang berlaku dewasa ini. Dengan memahami pandangan Nasr terhadap alam sekitar, kertas ini akan merungkai bagaimana pandangan materialistik (kebendaan) dan mekanistik mempengaruhi krisis ekologi masa kini. Ia juga akan menganalisa pandangan spiritual dan agama Nasr terhadap alam sekitar secara kritikal dan akan menilai sejauh mana kesesuaiannya. Dengan sedemikian dapat menyedarkan manusia tentang kecacatan pandangan semasa, yang kemudiannya akan membawa kepada pembaharuan persepsi mereka terhadap alam sekitar dengan cara menghidupkan semula nilai-nilai tradisional demi mengelakkan kemerosotan alam sekitar. Kertas ini akan memuatkan idea-idea para cendiakawan dalam membincangkan isu berkaitan agama dan alam sekitar.
Kata Kunci: Eko-Teologi, Kemerosotan Alam Sekitar, Pandangan Materialistik dan Makanistik terhadap Alam, Saintisme, Krisis Spiritual Manusia Moden, Perspektif Spiritual dan Agama.
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Yeoman, Ian, Amalina Andrade, Elisante Leguma, Natalie Wolf, Peter Ezra, Rebecca Tan, and Una McMahon‐Beattie. "2050: New Zealand's sustainable future." Journal of Tourism Futures 1, no. 2 (March 16, 2015): 117–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jtf-12-2014-0003.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to portray the future of tourism in New Zealand based upon a philosophy of sustainability and cultural identity as a response to the present 2025 Tourism Strategy. Design/methodology/approach The research deployed a scenario planning methodology resulting in four portraits of the future. Findings Environmental issues and global migration are the key issues that will shape the future of New Zealand tourism. In order to address these issues four scenarios were constructed. New Zealand Wonderland portrays a future based upon a grounded international reputation for environmentalism driven by good governance, climate change targets and ecotourism. Indiana Jones and the Search for Cultural Identity position a future driven by rapid growth and unregulated air travel resulting in environmental degradation. A Peaceful Mixture is a balance of socio‐cultural and environmental dimensions of sustainability at the centre of a tourism product shaped upon Maori culture and economic prosperity. The final scenario, New Zealand in Depression, is the worst possible outcome for New Zealand's tourism industry as the three dimensions of economy, community, and environment are not at equilibrium. New Zealand would be over‐polluted with an uncontrolled number of migrants. Research limitations/implications The research was a social construction of ten experts’ views on the future of sustainable tourism. Originality/value New Zealand's present approach to the future of tourism is shaped by the 2025 Tourism Framework (http://tourism2025.org.nz/). This is derived from a business perspective and a neoliberal political philosophy and it is void of the words ecotourism and sustainability. This paper argues that the present strategy will fail because of community disengagement that proposes a range of alternative directions based upon a political discourse of sustainability and shaped by environmental credentials and cultural identity.
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Ureta, Sebastian. "Ruination Science: Producing Knowledge from a Toxic World." Science, Technology, & Human Values 46, no. 1 (January 22, 2020): 29–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0162243919900957.
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The multiple environmental crises our planet is experiencing forces us to change the ways we engage with it, especially the ones developed by scientific disciplines such as toxicology. In particular, widespread degradation should lead us to develop scientific practices that take environmental ruination as a framework condition, not only as an object of analysis. In doing so, we should take into account the practice of science at laboratories located in the peripheries of global science, institutions that have coexisted with extensive environmental and material decay from their very onset. Contributing to this task, this paper analyzes the case of Centro Nacional del Medio Ambiente (CENMA), an environmental chemistry laboratory located in Santiago, Chile. Established in mid-1990s, decades of continual budget cuts left it in a state of almost terminal ruin. In its struggle to remain relevant, CENMA developed an alternative kind of scientific practice, ruination science. Although always precarious, ruination science also tends to be well adapted to engage with impurity, resilient but fragile, and ethically entangled, prioritizing attachment and compromises over the application of certain standard recipes or procedures. Beyond its particularities, CENMA’s ruination science provides us with several valuable keys to better deal with worlds facing multiple kinds of anthropogenic degradation.
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Economy, Elizabeth. "Environmental Governance in China: State Control to Crisis Management." Daedalus 143, no. 2 (April 2014): 184–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/daed_a_00282.
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After three decades of rapid economic growth, environmental degradation is now one of the most significant issues facing the Chinese government. The country's air, water, and land are all heavily polluted. Despite a number of environmental protection initiatives, both at the national and local levels, China ranks poorly when compared with other emerging nations. Formal government institutions have failed to address adequately the people's concerns. Beijing's system of decentralized authoritarianism lacks the political processes and incentives needed to implement meaningful national reform and to encourage local governments and polluting factories to enforce laws and regulations. The Chinese government now faces growing pressure from civil society, as NGOs, Internet activism, and protests compel the government to proactively address environmental issues. Beijing would do well to increase engagement between the government and its citizens, rather than relying on its current crisis management style of environmental governance.
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Baliuk, S. A., A. V. Kucher, and N. V. Maksymenko. "SOIL RESOURCES OF UKRAINE: STATE, PROBLEMS AND STRATEGY OF SUSTAINABLE MANAGEMENT." Ukrainian Geographical Journal, no. 2 (2021): 03–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/ugz2021.02.003.
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The purpose of this study is to propose the concept of a strategy for sustainable management of soil resources in Ukraine based on the analysis of the dynamics and current state of soils and their fertility. In this study, we used such main methods: analysis, synthesis, monographic, expert assessments, calculation-and-analytical, abstract-and-logic, cartographic. Despite the intensification of soil degradation (losses of humus and nutrients, especially phosphorus and potassium, erosional losses of the upper fertile layer, physical degradation of soils; acidification of soils, especially in the Polissya and in the Carpathian region; secondary alkalinization and salinization of irrigated soils), there is a reduction in funding for soil protection measures. The area of degraded and infertile soils in Ukraine is over 8 mln ha, and direct annual losses of income only from crop failure due to the main types of soil degradation reach about 33.6 bln UAH in the country as a whole. The novelty of the study is that the provisions on the strategy of sustainable management of soil resources of Ukraine were further developed, in particular, in terms of a holistic macroeconomic approach to the scale of soil degradation and its environmental-and-economic consequences, and a holistic solution through a set of strategic measures of soil fertility reproduction. One of the first attempts to substantiate the strategy of sustainable management of soil resources of Ukraine from the standpoint of an interdisciplinary approach, which provides for: improvement of legislative and regulatory support; improving information and institutional support; effective international cooperation; technological and financial support of sustainable soil management, as well as forecast economic, environmental and social effects of solving the problem of soil degradation. The practical value of the obtained results is that their application should help increase the efficiency and performance of sustainable management of soil resources and achieve land degradation neutrality in Ukraine.
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Awuah-Nyamekye, Samuel. "Climate Change and Indigenous Akan Religio-Cultural Practices." Worldviews 23, no. 1 (January 30, 2019): 59–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15685357-02301007.
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AbstractMost national and international discussions have not seriously recognized the role religio-cultural practices of indigenous Africans can play in mitigating the effects of climate change. This paper, examines the contribution the indigenous people can make towards the mitigation of the effects of climate change, using the Akan of Ghana as a case study. Mostly, indigenous people who are the major stakeholders in land use in Ghana are marginalized when policies aimed at reducing environmental degradation are made. This has resulted in low gains in the fight against environmental degradation despite several interventions in Ghana. A recent report puts Ghana into a net-emitter of GHG bracket. This means the country has to embark on a Low Carbon Development Strategy to address the situation. This paper, therefore argues that unless indigenous people—major stakeholders of land use—are duly involved; it will be difficult to address the effects of climate change in Ghana.
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Bryson, David W., Daniel G. Ghere, and William H. Hulbert. "European Practice for Bridge Scour and Stream Instability Countermeasures." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 1696, no. 1 (January 2000): 236–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/1696-69.
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FHWA, AASHTO, and TRB sponsored a scanning review of European practice for bridge scour and stream instability countermeasures in October 1998. The review involved a panel of representatives from six state highway agencies (California, Illinois, Maryland, Minnesota, Oregon, and South Carolina), FHWA, two universities, and the private sector. The review included visits to hydraulic research laboratories, highway research institutes, and field sites in four countries—Switzerland, Germany, the Netherlands, and the United Kingdom. Findings during the scanning review can be classified as general observations and observations of specific countermeasures. General observations of European practice include design philosophy, risk analysis, environmental policy, river geomorphology, scour prediction, modeling, and inspection and monitoring. Observations of specific countermeasures include riprap design and construction, filter design and construction, river-training structures, riverbed degradation countermeasures, bioengineering, and flow-altering devices. These observations are contrasted with U.S. practice. The panel’s recommendations for modifying U.S. practice on the basis of the European experience and findings that deserve further evaluation are also presented.
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Castro-Margate, Leia Fidelis Gisela Fiadchongan. "Social Mediatization of Biodiversity." International Journal of Social Ecology and Sustainable Development 11, no. 1 (January 2020): 14–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijsesd.2020010102.
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In January 2018, the Mount Pulag National Park in the northern Philippines caught fire. As a key biodiversity area and popular ecotourism and mountaineering site, the burning also lit a fire among social media users. This article follows the viral posts and the social media commentary using social mediatization as a lens. It aims to look into the constructs on biodiversity of social media users using textual analysis. Without using scientific terminology, social media users have been able to show a profound understanding of biodiversity. These includes the concepts of natural regeneration, ecological balance, deep ecology, and normative constructs on how the public should treat nature following the ‘leave no trace' philosophy. They have also issued calls for better management of the national park and bringing to justice of those responsible for its degradation.
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Md Khalid, Rasyikah, Ainul Jaria Maidin, and Siti Sarah Sulaiman. "Preserving a Healthy Ecohydrology: a Legal Perspective." International Journal of Engineering & Technology 7, no. 3.30 (August 24, 2018): 169. http://dx.doi.org/10.14419/ijet.v7i3.30.18221.
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Ecohydrology focuses on ecological processes within the hydrological cycle. It works under the assumption that an anthropogenically modified catchment or river basin can reverse environmental degradation and enhance the ecosystem service through improved climate cycle, controls erosion, soil formation, water purification, waste treatment and food production. Improved ecosystem services within the hydrological cycle can also serves human’s cultural and spiritual aspect as well as in the production of scientific knowledge. There has been call for countries to regulate the use of ecosystem as they are being degraded faster than they can recover. In 2001, the United Nations Environmental Program (UNEP) initiated the Millennium Ecosystem Assessment (MEA) to assess the consequences of ecosystem change for human well-being. It finds that 60% of 24 ecosystem services examined such as clean water, food, forest products, flood control and provision of natural resources has been badly degraded due to unsustainable development. It is submitted that law can play a role in ensuring preservation of a healthy ecohydrology as a tool used by respective authorities to achieve sustainable development and prevent excessive use of natural resources. This requires a new philosophy on the role of law in ecohydrological protection since environmental legislations fail to punish human activities that had either directly or indirectly disrupt the normal hydrological cycle. An analysis on earth jurisprudence, environmental ethics, equity and justice may elucidate the need to preserve a heathy ecohydrology as its own and other human’s right.
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Rogozhina, N. G. "Environmental Challenges of Urbanization in Southeast Asia." Outlines of global transformations: politics, economics, law 13, no. 1 (May 30, 2020): 102–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.23932/2542-0240-2020-13-1-6.
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One of the most important trends in the modern stage of the socio-economic development of the countries of Southeast Asia is the acceleration of the process of urbanization which will determine the future of the region. By 2050, the share of the urban population in the total population of the region is due to increase to 65% compared to 42% at present. The author stresses that the process of urbanization in SEA has a number of distinctive characteristics. Firstly, it should be noted the uneven distribution of the urban population among the countries of the region. Secondly, there is an accelerated growth of medium-sized cities. Thirdly, in the socio-economic and political systems of Southeast Asian countries, large cities and primarily capitals still dominate Being the foundation of economic growth and social progress, urbanization at the same time has many challenges, one of which is the threat of environmental degradation for almost half of the region’s population. With all the diversity of socio-economic development and the political structure of the countries of the region, the environmental situation in their cities, and especially the capitals, is strikingly similar, which indicates the presence of common causes of environmental crisis. The article notes that environmental tension in cities, primarily subjected to problems associated with urbanization, are at the same time a consequence of the national environmental crisis, the cause of which is the realization of a model of extensive economic development, the implementation of which is accompanied by the over-exploitation of natural resources and increased pollution. The deterioration of the environmental situation in cities, which reveals itself in a high level of air and water pollution, restricting public access to drinking water sources and sanitary facilities, increasing the production of solid waste with imperfect disposal technologies, devalues the results of the economic and social progress of Southeast Asian countries.The author discusses in detail the main environmental problems of cities, analyzes the causes of their occurrence and assesses the possibilities for their prevention. The latter involves an integrated approach to overcoming the environmental crisis along with implementing measures at different levels and in different areas. The author comes to the conclusion that despite the fact that in recent years there have been some positive changes in the approach of the authorities to solving the most acute environmental problems, nevertheless, it is doubtful that the environmental situation will noticeably improve in the near future without changing the philosophy of development itself
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Louisson, Amalia. "Protecting Biodiversity via Metaphysical Angels of the Future." Identities: Journal for Politics, Gender and Culture 17, no. 2-3 (December 30, 2020): 76–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.51151/identities.v17i2-3.450.
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Global trends in contemporary left biodiversity protection practices are self-undermining because they are fixated on resurrecting past ecological conditions, while failing to prepare for the future. Not only will many species be unable to survive in predicted future conditions, but focusing on the past has forfeited the future to capital. Instead, this paper presented at the ISSHS School for Politics and Critique 2020 takes the recently resurrected figure of Prometheus to promote an environmentalism that casts its eyes to the future. It will be argued that preparing the future for biodiversity can sever capital’s claim over the future by prompting a traumatic instance of physicality. Author(s): Amalia Louisson Title (English): Protecting Biodiversity via Metaphysical Angels of the Future Journal Reference: Identities: Journal for Politics, Gender and Culture, Vol. 17, No. 2-3 (Winter 2020) Publisher: Institute of Social Sciences and Humanities - Skopje Page Range: 76-80 Page Count: 5 Citation (English): Amalia Louisson, “Protecting Biodiversity via Metaphysical Angels of the Future,” Identities: Journal for Politics, Gender and Culture, Vol. 17, No. 2-3 (Winter 2020): 76-80. Author Biography Amalia Louisson, University of Melbourne Amalia Louisson is a teacher, researcher, and Political Science PhD student at the University of Melbourne. Her research focuses on the relationship between psychoanalytic fantasies and environmental degradation, and how confronting the nihilism of the real can spur the conceptual and technological innovation needed to address that degradation. She advocates reconnecting philosophy with real politics and the future.
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Shi, Yun, Maurice Osewe, Chebet Anastacia, Aijun Liu, Shutao Wang, and Abdul Latif. "Agricultural Supply-Side Structural Reform and Path Optimization: Evidence from China." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 20, no. 1 (December 22, 2022): 113. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20010113.
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The agricultural sector’s supply-side reform is fundamental to ensuring food security and social stability. This paper uses a comprehensive analysis method to reflect on China’s agricultural reform from 1970 to 2020. We observe that China’s agriculture made significant progress before 2020 due to preferential policies and demographic dividends. This production-oriented mode has led to the co-existence of overstocking, the rapid growth of imports, and ecological degradation. A follow-up survey acknowledged that rural complex is a comprehensive social network with substantial radiant effect involving government-sponsored projects, sector-specific programs, corporate and societal assistance. The sustainable development of the rural complex lies in industrial planning, system restructuring, and institutional arrangement. Therefore, this article anchors its system structure under the ESG principle and green development philosophy. It diversifies the agro-economy to advance digitalization and de-carbonization of the rural economy.
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Wolfe, Art. "Reflections on Business Ethics: What Is It? What Causes It? And, What Should A Course In Business Ethics Include?" Business Ethics Quarterly 1, no. 4 (October 1991): 409–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3857607.
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Business ethics courses have been launched with professors from business pulling on one oar, and professors of philosophy pulling on the other, but they lack a sense of direction. Let's begin with the basics: What is an ehtical decision? More fundamentally, why the interest in professional ethics in the first place?There are over 300 centers for the study of applied ethics in this country—why? The events which face our society today (income and wealth disparity, environmental degradation, etc.) are outside the business-oriented collection of shared beliefs that set our public policy agenda. Our beliefs are too narrow, thus we see, understand, and control small slices of life.Business ethics should be the study of the structure and impact on us of what we call “business science,” e.g., accounting, marketing, economics, law, etc., and the corresponding study of the process of what Carl Jung called individuation: learning to become one's own unique self in the face of these bodies of professional knowledge which have structured our lives and charted the direction for our sensibilities for too long.
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Risna, R. A., H. A. Rustini, Herry, D. Buchori, and D. O. Pribadi. "Subak, a Nature-based Solutions Evidence from Indonesia." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 959, no. 1 (January 1, 2022): 012030. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/959/1/012030.
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Abstract Subak, an inherited communal water management in the agricultural system for centuries in Bali Island – Indonesia, has been widely known as a UNESCO World Heritage Culture since 2012. Subak’s philosophy “Tri Hita Karana” (three causes of prosperity) has become the foundation for Subak members to practice sustainable agriculture. Its institutional and operational practices were found to be a good example of ecosystem services management in a cultural way. In an attempt to assess Subak’s eligibility as a Nature-based Solutions (NbS) activities in ensuring the ecosystem services delivered to its people, we conducted a self-assessment using 8 criteria and 21 indicators based on NbS guidelines. The result shows that Subak addressed three out of seven societal challenges as a core of NbS: environmental degradation and biodiversity loss, food security, and water security. We also identified some problems and challenges faced by Balinese and Subak in terms of the system’s sustainability. We concluded that Subak could be categorized as an NbS, specifically NbS Type 2 for sustainability and multifunctionality of managed ecosystems. Supports from the central government both in terms of regulatory and policies are needed, as well as promoting Subak to other related sectors such ecotourism.
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Ordu, Stanley, and Better Odukwu. "THEATRE: Ngugi and Revolution in The Trial of Dedan Kimathi." Journal of Social, Humanity, and Education 3, no. 1 (November 2, 2022): 17–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.35912/jshe.v3i1.1036.
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Abstract: Purpose: The purpose of this work is to explore The Trial of Dedan Kimathi through the lenses of revolutionary aesthetics and class stratification as a kind of socio-literary participation. The book's exploration of the notion of revolution delves deeply into topics of tyranny, exploitation, and poverty. Numerous consequences emerged from the examination of the selected text. Research methodology: Theoretical Framework: Marxist literary theory guided the analysis of the study. Results: This research documents European aggression, economic exploitation of Africans, taxes and forced labor, the degradation of people's humanity, a decrease in human capital, the depths of hunger and poverty, and Africans' reaction and resistance to these terrible conditions. In order to come up with a long-term solution, we need to understand and agree that Africans have been oppressed and treated cruelly in the past. Limitations: The study is limited to the play The Trial of Dedan Kimathi. Contribution: The Marxist philosophy has been used as a weapon of change in order to bring about revolutions. Through the medium of theater, people may be entertained, educated, and made more aware. Keywords: 1. Africa 2. Class 3. Kimathi 4. Marxism 5. Revolution
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Safta, Adela Sorinela, and Lavinia Popescu. "Between Eco-Philosophy and Conventional Agriculture: The Role of Fungicides from the Perspective of Climate Change." Biology and Life Sciences Forum 4, no. 1 (December 2, 2020): 18. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/iecps2020-08842.
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This research investigates a set of factors that can lead to natural imbalances in plants and provides an overview of agricultural economy in terms of innovative agricultural development, especially in the field of plant protection, taking into account the effects of climate change. Environmental protection and sustainable management of natural resources and vulnerabilities regarding fertilizer application techniques are current concerns in agricultural development. The excessive and intrusive development generated by mega-tourism causes the degradation of the environment and society, reviving interest in methods of plant protection in order to preserve the biosphere. Climate change involves the reduction of greenhouse gas emissions and the adaptation of agricultural systems. In our opinion, these aspects are closely related to the use of various types of plant protection tools, especially fungicides. The plant–soil interdependence in agricultural practice is also highlighted in this paper. We found that products (chemicals) to control diseases in agricultural crops are increasingly used in agricultural areas, especially fungicides. The amount of fungicides in solid form increased in 2018 compared to the previous year by 5.7%. One of the main objectives in the field of agriculture is to maintain a low level of greenhouse gas emission. The emergence of modern agriculture in the 1960s, supported by harmful pesticides and chemical fertilizers, has been detrimental to the field ecosystem. This research is based on the theories of eco-philosophy. Studies have shown that organic farming can significantly reduce the carbon footprint per ton of food produced compared to conventional agriculture, mainly due to the abandonment of the use of chemical fertilizers and pesticides. The novelty of this research is the amalgamation of local village wisdom and traditions and inherited values as progressive tools for the application of a plant protection system in response to climate change and the pressure of diseases and pests. In this study, we try to highlight issues that, in our opinion, are important for the development of the agricultural sector towards a return to local methods typical of traditional farms, premises that will reduce fertilizer consumption and thus contribute to pest control.
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Volney, W. Jan A., and Kenneth I. Mallett. "Integrated pest management in western Canadian boreal forests." Forestry Chronicle 74, no. 4 (August 1, 1998): 597–605. http://dx.doi.org/10.5558/tfc74597-4.
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Insects and microorganisms perform a variety of functions in forest ecosystems. A minority of these organisms have been designated as pests. A fair understanding of the pests of mature boreal forests in west-central Canada has been developed. In many cases this has permitted the development of integrated pest management systems methodologies culminating, where appropriate, in the development of decision support systems. Research and development is currently underway to develop and improve such systems for managing pests of young stands. A general principle guiding the management of young stands suggests that emulating natural stand development will minimize losses due to pests. However, biological control techniques are being developed to enhance productivity where it is not feasible for management to emulate natural stand development. The philosophy employed in developing these methods is to rely on the conservation of the biota as they provide a reservoir from which to select organisms which may be useful in development of pest management procedures. Furthermore, the concern of the Canadian public regarding environmental degradation and the extremely low costs of successful biological control strategies, often involving emulating natural stand development to conserve beneficial organisms and obtain desirable stand densities and tree form, favour the development of these strategies to guarantee the sustainability of Canadian forests.