Academic literature on the topic 'Environmental degradation Philosophy'
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Journal articles on the topic "Environmental degradation Philosophy"
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Kidner. "Anthropocene Subjectivity and Environmental Degradation." Ethics and the Environment 26, no. 1 (2021): 57. http://dx.doi.org/10.2979/ethicsenviro.26.1.03.
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Miller, Lantz Fleming. "Individual Responsibility for Environmental Degradation." Environmental Ethics 38, no. 4 (2016): 403–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.5840/enviroethics201638435.
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Elliot, Robert. "Environmental degradation, vandalism and the aesthetic object argument." Australasian Journal of Philosophy 67, no. 2 (June 1989): 191–204. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00048408912343761.
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Wiggins, David. "An Idea we Cannot do Without: What difference will it make (eg. to moral, political and environmental philosophy) to recognize and put to use a substantial conception of need?" Royal Institute of Philosophy Supplement 57 (September 2005): 25–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1358246100009139.
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1. Conferences on the subject of need are lamentably rare. All themore honour then for this one to the Royal Institute of Philosophy(an organisation long dedicated to saving philosophy's better selffrom its worse), to the Philosophy Department at Durham, and toSoran Reader, the organizer and editor.2. Someone asked me recently what first made me think it wasimportant for philosophy to secure for itself a substantial andserious idea of needing and of thing vitally needed. What made itseem imperative to safeguard these categorizations from conceptualand rhetorical degradation? What suggested that there was aproblem here?
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Marshall, B. K. "Globalisation, Environmental Degradation and Ulrich Beck's Risk Society." Environmental Values 8, no. 2 (May 1, 1999): 253–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.3197/096327199129341824.
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Lee, Alexander, Alex Hamilton, and Benjamin Hale. "Conservation Floors and Degradation Ceilings." Environmental Ethics 42, no. 2 (2020): 135–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.5840/enviroethics2020111613.
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U.S. conservation policy, both in structure and in practice, places a heavy burden on conservationists to halt development projects, rather than on advocates of development to defend their proposed actions. In this paper, we identify this structural phenomenon in several landmark environmental policies and in practice in the contemporary debate concerning oil drilling in the Arctic National Wildlife Refuge. The burdens placed on conservation can be understood in terms of constraints—as conservation ‘floors’ (or minimum standards) and degradation ‘ceilings’ (or upper limits). At base, these floors and ceilings emerge out of underlying consequentialist commitments that assume that our environmental activity can be justified by appeal primarily to ends. A series of intuition pumps guides our argument to instead shift the conservation discourse away from these consequentialist commitments to more widely justify activities on our public lands.
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Levad, Amy. "Of Tragedies and Myths." Journal of the Society of Christian Ethics 41, no. 1 (2021): 37–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.5840/jsce202152740.
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A pragmatic turn in Christian ecological ethics and theology suggests a practical approach that draws on the strengths of each of the dominant strategies for responding to environmental degradation: government regulation, privatization, and appeals to conscience. The principle of subsidiarity in Catholic social tradition (CST), which calls for a robust social order that integrates the roles of agents on various levels of society, while delegating specific responsibilities to each level, may provide normative direction for discerning when, how, and why to employ these strategies in response to environmental degradation. This principle recommends the development of effective intermediate institutions to mitigate excessive state and economic power and to serve as outlets for organizing and channeling individual agency, yet CST has not sufficiently fleshed out what such institutions look like, especially when responding to environmental degradation. The work of Nobel-winning political scientist Elinor Ostrom may correct this difficulty with her description of eight design principles of intermediate institutions in numerous ecological, social, cultural, political, and economic contexts.
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Perło, Dorota. "Environmental Quality as a Decisive Variable in Shaping Regional Development Policy." Studies in Logic, Grammar and Rhetoric 37, no. 1 (August 8, 2014): 159–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/slgr-2014-0023.
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Abstract The article examines the impact of environmental quality on shaping the development policy of Polish voivodeships. The main analytical tool used was the synthetic index of environmental quality, compiled by means of the Perkal method. It was constructed in order to organize Polish voivodeships in terms of environmental quality, which was determined in a comprehensive way on the basis of three thematic areas: advantages of the natural environment, the level of pollution (degradation) of the environment as well as active protective activities. The obtained values of synthetic measures were then compared to the level of economic growth of Polish regions. It was necessary in determining which voivodeships perceive the quality of the environment as the main factor enhancing their economic growth, and which treat it as a barrier to economic development.
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Goodin, Robert E. "International Ethics and the Environmental Crisis." Ethics & International Affairs 4 (March 1990): 91–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1747-7093.1990.tb00247.x.
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Environmental degradation can no longer be handled by means of traditional local remedies in the face of the current global environmental crisis. The author outlines specific ways to overcome the crisis through international means, obliging each individual nation to reduce its own hazardous production, while enjoining a collective effort to confront the challenge of global environmental deterioration. Only through policy-making based on the recognition of shared danger and international commitments to reduce damage can we achieve a shared moral responsibility for environmental protection.
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Afolayan, Adeshina. "Yorùbá Philosophy and Contemporary Nigerian Realities." Yoruba Studies Review 3, no. 1 (December 21, 2021): 1–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.32473/ysr.v3i1.129914.
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Beginning from Marx’s understanding of the relationship between philosophy and reality, this Introduction to the special edition of the Yoruba Studies Review explores the inevitable but complex relationship that exists between philosophy and its place. Specifically, it is grounded on the urgency of interrogating Nigeria’s postcolonial realities in the light of Yorùbá philosophical insights that, among other things, enable a rethinking of postcolonial social practices especially as sites of identity, agency, knowledge, objectivity, and even of resistance and power. Premised on the fundamental assumption that Yorùbá philosophy constitutes a fundamental site of scholarship within which the task of understanding and reinventing the Nigerian state and societies can be achieved, the Introduction weaves this assumption into the analysis of the fourteen essays that explores Nigeria’s postcolonial realities ranging from overpopulation, public (im)morality, ethnic conflict, injustice, and democratic deficit to environmental degradation, disability, depersonalization, youth culture, and a glaring disconnection between educational theory and practice.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Environmental degradation Philosophy"
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Shearer, Megan Marie. "Tibetan Buddhism and the environment: A case study of environmental sensitivity among Tibetan environmental professionals in Dharamsala, India." CSUSB ScholarWorks, 2005. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd-project/2904.
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The purpose of this study was to investigate environmental sensitivity among environmental professionals in a culture that is assumed to hold an ecocentric perspective. Nine Tibetan Buddhist environmental professionals were surveyed in this study. Based on an Environmental Sensitivity Profile Insytrument, an environmental sensitivity profile for a Tibetan Buddhist environmental professional was created from the participants demographic and interview data. The most frequently defined vaqriables were environmental destruction/development, education and role models.
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Wall, Andrew James. "The effect of poplar stand density on hill country pastures : a thesis submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy (PhD), Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand." 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10179/1517.
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Page xvi is missing from both the electronic and print copyOne-third of the North Island of New Zealand has been identified as requiring increased soil conservation if pastoral farming is to be sustainable. For over 50 years the planting of widely spaced poplar trees (Populus spp.) has been one of the main methods used to control soil erosion on hill pastures. Research has shown that these plantings have successfully decreased soil erosion but their impact on the productivity of pastoral farming has received little research attention. The research that has been undertaken has found poplars can suppress understorey pasture production by up to 40%, suggesting that farmers require more research information on the impact of planting conservation trees on the productivity of their farm if the use of conservation trees is to be more widely adopted on erosion prone land. The objective of this thesis was to provide comprehensive data on the relationship between the range of poplar densities used for soil conservation on the light and soil under poplars, and consequently the effect on understorey pastures. Three field sites on commercial sheep and beef hill farms, in regions with contrasting summer soil moisture availability, Manawatu (one site) and Central Hawke's Bay (two sites), were monitored for two years. Tree stocking rates ranged from 0 to 375 trees/ha. Measurements were based on units of four trees with most measurements either directly below the tree crowns or in the gaps between the trees, but more intensive transect measurements were also made. Photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) and the ratio of red to far red light (R:FR) were measured under the trees and in open pasture controls. Stand density indices used included all the commonly used measures of tree canopies, including digital photography, and stem diameter at breast height (DBH). PAR transmission was inversely related to all of the stand density indices with canopy closure based on digital photographs being the most robust of the indices used. PAR under the trees, relative to open pasture, was greater in the gaps than below tree crowns. Under a completely closed canopy, PAR transmission was reduced to 15-20% and 50-55% of the open pasture in summer and winter, respectively. The RFR under the trees, relative to open pasture, decreased markedly at high stand densities (allowing less than 40% PAR transmission) in summer, but was similar in winter. The change in PAR under the trees was shown to be a major factor limiting pasture growth, particularly directly below the tree crowns. For both summer and winter, canopy closure measured with a standard digital camera was strongly related to stand level PAR transmission (r2=0.88-0.97; P<0.0001) and was also a practical method of measuring canopy closure in the field. The soil measurements confirmed earlier research that soil pH increases under mature poplar trees. There was a 0.2 - 0.7 unit increase in soil pH in the upper 75 mm of soil over both contrasting regions. The soil fertility under the trees in terms of requirements for pasture growth was similar to that of the open pasture with calcium and potassium up to 2.2 and 9.0 quick test units higher in the soil under the trees than in the open pasture, respectively. The direct cause of the increased concentration of some cations under the trees was the annual tree leaf litter. Overall, the soil fertility under the trees had the potential to produce similar pasture production to that of the open pasture with the added advantage of less acid conditions. Averaged over all sites the respective annual net herbage accumulation (ANHA) under poplar canopy closures of 25, 50 and 75 % was estimated from the equations developed to be 77, 60 and 48% of the open pasture. The greatest decrease was directly below the tree crowns where at canopy closures greater than 20% the ANHA was a relatively constant 50% of open pasture. In the vertically projected gap between trees the ANHA decreased by 6.6% relative to open pasture for each 10% increase in canopy closure. At approximately 80% canopy closure there was no difference between the ANHA directly below the trees and in the gap. Pasture net herbage accumulation (NHA) under the trees relative to open pasture was at its lowest in summer and autumn (36% of open pasture under a closed canopy), and at its greatest in early spring before tree canopy leafed out (72% of open pasture under a closed canopy). The botanical composition and feed value of the pasture under the trees was broadly similar to that of the open pasture. The greatest impact of the poplars on the pasture was decreased NHA due to shading. The decrease in NHA directly below mature unpruned poplars is substantial and would decrease farm profitability if the poplar stand density were high over a large area of the farm. The use of poplars for soil conservation is essential but these results show the importance of managing trees through pruning and thinning so that canopy closure is minimised. ANHA under the trees can be maintained at 75% of the open pasture if canopy closure is prevented from exceeding 30-40%.
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Sun, Xuezhao. "Structure, composition and degradation of the cell walls of forage chicory (Cichorium intybus L.) leaves : a thesis presented in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Nutritional Science at Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand." 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10179/1498.
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Chicory (Cichorium intybus L.), a valuable forage for ruminant livestock in temperate regions, appears highly degradable in the rumen. Fundamental reasons for the rapid breakdown of chicory cell walls in the rumen were studied. Cell walls were isolated from laminae and midribs of chicory (cv. Grasslands Puna II) leaves. The walls, which, except for the walls of xylem tracheary elements in vascular bundles, were non-lignified, were fractionated progressively with 50 mM CDTA, 50 mM Na2CO3, 1 M KOH, 4 M KOH, 4 M KOH + 3.5% H3BO3, and hot water. The polysaccharides were similar to those in nonlignified walls of other dicotyledons, but with high proportions of pectic polysaccharides (67% of the total wall polysaccharides in the laminae). These included homogalacturonans (HGs, 50% of the total wall polysaccharides in laminae) and rhamnogalacturonan I (RG I). In contrast, the proportions of cellulose, xyloglucans, heteroxylans and glucomannans were low. The locations of different pectic polysaccharides were determined using the monoclonal antibodies JIM5 and JIM7 against HGs with low and high degrees of methyl esterification, respectively, LM6 against arabinan and LM5 against galactan. All primary walls were labelled with all the antibodies used. However, the middle lamella, tricellular junctions and the corners of intercellular spaces were labelled with JIM5 and JIM7, but not with LM5. The middle lamella was labelled with LM6, but not the corners of intercellular spaces. These results support the involvement in cell adhesion of HGs with low degrees of methyl esterification. A preparation of endopolygalacturonase (endo-PG) was used to investigate cell adhesion, and its effect on forage particle breakdown was determined using weight loss, chemical analysis and immunofluorescence labelling. The preparation dramatically reduced particle size. Cell separation was accompanied by a loss of HGs with low degrees of methyl esterifcation from the middle lamella and corners of intercellular spaces. A consequential loss of cell adhesion evidently caused leaf breakdown. The degradation of fresh chicory leaves by rumen bacteria was investigated by measuring weight loss, monosaccharide release and immunocytolabelling. Two bacteria, the pectolytic Lachnospira multiparus D32 and the cellulolytic Fibrobacter succinogenes S85, effectively degraded chicory. Pectic polysaccharides were degraded faster than other wall polysaccharides, with uronic acid released faster and more completely than neutral monosaccharides. The preponderance of non-lignified primary walls and abundance of pectic polysaccharides may account, in part, for the rapid degradation of forage chicory in the rumen. The HGs in the middle lamellae and corners of intercellular spaces probably have a role in cell adhesion, and their degradation is probably responsible for the rapid reduction in the particle size of chicory leaves in the rumen.
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Roskruge, Nick. "Hokia ki te whenua : a thesis presented in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Soil Science at Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand." 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10179/1725.
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This thesis aIms to produce a distinctive model for the sustainable horticultural development of Maori resources, primarily land. It is inclusive of tikanga Maori and indigenous production systems based on the unique body of knowledge aligned to Maori. The integration of this knowledge with western science is both argued and applied through the model itself. The hypothesis applied was that matauranga Maori relevant to horticulture and pedology can inform and add value to the future development of Maori land resources. The thesis is bui lt on a unique set of contributing knowledge bases aligned to soils and horticultural management supported by three case studies, identified through their common association i.e. whakapapa links. The format of the thesis intentionally follows science principles in structure and presentation and some assumptions are made regarding base knowledge surrounding Maori cultural factors and the science disciplines relative to soils and horticul ture. The indigenous element, including Maori knowledge, is incorporated into the model using a triadic kosmos/corpus/praxis approach. Where kosmos is applied as Te A o Miiori, corpus as miitauranga Miiori and praxis as tikanga Miiori, the relationship between each element is clear and the interpretation of the associated knowledge becomes more apparent and can be applied to cultural assessments of resources, i ncluding land. The crux of the cultural assessment model is the quality of information used to assess Maori resources, especially from the cultural perspective. The Maori cultural paradigm, traditional horticulture and pedology, and various decision systems are purposefully accessed to act as contributors to the assessment model and to highlight the diversity and quality of information land managers have at their disposal. The ability to apply a cultural layer drawn from a body of knowledge not previously included in decision models relative to land utility in New Zealand is the key point. of difference of the model. The model is discussed from the perspective of its beneficial role for future use by Maori and how it can be continuously refined to meet the needs of Maori land owners and thus contribute to the rangatiratanga of Maori.
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Thelisdort, Fednold. "Moral responsibility (of the person) : positive response to the degradation of nature operated by man." Thèse, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/20705.
Full textBooks on the topic "Environmental degradation Philosophy"
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Meinberg, Eckhard. Homo oecologicus: Das neue Menschenbild im Zeichen der ökologischen Krise. Darmstadt: Wissenschaftliche Buchgesellschaft, 1995.
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Viel, Dominique. Écologie de l'apocalypse. Paris: Ellipses, 2006.
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Pieroni, Osvaldo. Fuoco, acqua, terra e aria: Lineamenti di una sociologia dell'ambiente. Roma: Carocci, 2002.
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Pengzhi, Feng, ed. Di qiu gao ji: Tiao zhan ren lei mian lin de 25 ge wei ji. Beijing: Dang dai shi jie chu ban she, 1998.
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Luisa, Paré, ed. Miradas indígenas sobre una naturaleza "entristecida": Percepciones del deterioro ambiental entre nahuas del sur de Veracruz. México: Plaza y Valdés, 2000.
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Khalil, Mohamed H. Neoclassical economics as sorcery: Science, economism, and environmental decay. Nairobi, Kenya: ACES Press, Advanced Centre for Environmental Studies, 1996.
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Berry, Thomas Mary. Evening thoughts: Reflecting on Earth as sacred community. San Francisco: Sierra Club Books, 2006.
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Fourier, Charles. L' écosophie de Charles Fourier: Deux textes inédits. Paris: Anthropos, 2001.
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Deleuze and environmental damage: Violence of the text. Aldershot, Hants, England: Ashgate, 2005.
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Social theory and the environment. Cambridge, England: Polity Press, 1996.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Environmental degradation Philosophy"
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Rok, Boleslaw. "Tackling Environmental Degradation and Poverty." In Environmental Political Philosophy, 229–50. Routledge, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781351297042-12.
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Warren, Karen J. "Environmental Justice." In The Paideia Archive: Twentieth World Congress of Philosophy, 97–103. Philosophy Documentation Center, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.5840/wcp20-paideia199820374.
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Environmental philosophers, policy-makers and community activists who discuss environmental justice do so almost exclusively in terms of mainstream Western distributive models of social justice. Whether the issue is treatment of animals, human health or property, wilderness and species preservation, pollution or environmental degradation, the prevailing and largely unchallenged view is that the issues of environmental justice are for the most part distributive issues. I think this wholesale framing of considerations of environmental justice solely in terms of distribution is seriously flawed. Drawing on both ecofeminist insights into the inextricable interconnections between institutions of domination and Iris Young's work on the inadequacy of distributive models of social justice, I argue for the twofold claim that a distributive model of environmental justice is inadequate and that what is needed is an additional nondistributive model to supplement, complement and-in some cases-take precedence over a distributive model.
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Warren, Karen J. "Environmental Justice." In The Paideia Archive: Twentieth World Congress of Philosophy, 87–93. Philosophy Documentation Center, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.5840/wcp20-paideia199822401.
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Environmental philosophers, policy-makers and community activists who discuss environmental justice do so almost exclusively in terms of mainstream Western distributive models of social justice. Whether the issue is treatment of animals, human health or property, wilderness and species preservation, pollution or environmental degradation, the prevailing and largely unchallenged view is that the issues of environmental justice are for the most part distributive issues. I think this wholesale framing of considerations of environmental justice solely in terms of distribution is seriously flawed. Drawing on both ecofeminist insights into the inextricable interconnections between institutions of domination and Iris Young’s work on the inadequacy of distributive models of social justice, I argue for the twofold claim that a distributive model of environmental justice is inadequate and that what is needed is an additional nondistributive model to supplement, complement and — in some cases — take precedence over a distributive model.
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Crocker, David. "International Development Ethics." In The Paideia Archive: Twentieth World Congress of Philosophy, 17–23. Philosophy Documentation Center, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.5840/wcp20-paideia199814286.
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I discuss the nature and genesis of international development ethics as well as its current areas of consensus, controversies, challenges, and agenda. A relatively new field of applied ethics, international development ethics is ethical reflection on the ends and means of socioeconomic change in poor countries and regions. It has several sources: criticism of colonialism and post-World War II developmental strategies; Denis Goulet's writings; Anglo-American philosophical debates about the ethics of famine relief; and Paul Streeten's and Amartya Sen's approaches to development. Development ethicists agree that the moral dimension of development theory and practice is just as important as the scientific and policy components. What is often called "development" (e.g., economic growth) may be bad for people, communities, and the environment. Hence, the process of development should be reconceived as beneficial change, usually specified as alleviating human misery and environmental degradation in poor countries.
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Hawrylak, Peter J., Steven Reed, Matthew Butler, and John Hale. "The Access of Things." In Advances in Wireless Technologies and Telecommunication, 189–207. IGI Global, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-4666-5170-8.ch007.
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Access to resources, both physical and cyber, must be controlled to maintain security. The increasingly connected nature of our world makes access control a paramount issue. The expansion of the Internet of Things into everyday life has created numerous opportunities to share information and resources with other people and other devices. The Internet of Things will contain numerous wireless devices. The level of access each user (human or device) is given must be controlled. Most conventional access control schemes are rigid in that they do not account for environmental context. This solution is not sufficient for the Internet of Things. What is needed is a more granular control of access rights and a gradual degradation or expansion of access based on observed facts. This chapter presents an access control system termed the Access of Things, which employs a gradual degradation of privilege philosophy. The Access of Things concept is applicable to the dynamic security environment present in the Internet of Things.
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Hawrylak, Peter J., Steven Reed, Matthew Butler, and John Hale. "The Access of Things." In The Internet of Things, 507–26. IGI Global, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-1832-7.ch024.
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Access to resources, both physical and cyber, must be controlled to maintain security. The increasingly connected nature of our world makes access control a paramount issue. The expansion of the Internet of Things into everyday life has created numerous opportunities to share information and resources with other people and other devices. The Internet of Things will contain numerous wireless devices. The level of access each user (human or device) is given must be controlled. Most conventional access control schemes are rigid in that they do not account for environmental context. This solution is not sufficient for the Internet of Things. What is needed is a more granular control of access rights and a gradual degradation or expansion of access based on observed facts. This chapter presents an access control system termed the Access of Things, which employs a gradual degradation of privilege philosophy. The Access of Things concept is applicable to the dynamic security environment present in the Internet of Things.
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Stuhr, John J. "The Political Philosopher and the Political Life." In No Professor's Lectures Can Save Us, 103—C4.N76. Oxford University PressNew York, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780197664629.003.0005.
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Abstract This chapter argues that James developed a full-blown political philosophy, explicates its main features, and argues on behalf of its several insights. Viewing James’s politics from the context of his psychology, Section 1 explains that political theories, as conceptualizations, are the results of selective attention and interests, but they also contribute to the production of particular kinds of lives and societies. In section 2, accordingly, James’s political theory is examined under the various headings of democracy, liberalism, individualism, anti-imperialism, communitarianism, and anarchism. And, in the face of much scholarship that claims James had no political philosophy, it is shown that in fact just the opposite is the case. Section 3 details the ways in which this political philosophy is pragmatic, radically empirical, and pluralistic. In the final section, this political perspective is applied to contemporary issues such as sexism, racism, environmental degradation, war, and authoritarianism. Throughout, its democratic commitments are stressed.
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Krishnamurthy, Saravan, Geoffrey Fudurich, and Prakash Rao. "Circular Economy for India." In Modernization and Accountability in the Social Economy Sector, 272–98. IGI Global, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-8482-7.ch015.
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The stewardship of resources for the good of the people is an ancient concept in India, practiced by revered kingdoms. This chapter discusses the original ideals of stewardship and how colonization caused a deterioration of this philosophy in favor of materialistic wealth generation. Colonization followed by the development of an industrialized and capitalistic leaning in the economy brought wealth and increased consumption for Indian people and also created multiple waste-related issues. These issues require a drastic overhaul of waste management practices, with particular attention to industrial ecology. Modern stewardship by India's CSR community is essential to prevent further environmental degradation due to poor waste management practices. The circular economy holds promise as a new economic system and philosophy that can refocus society towards the values of stewardship espoused by the nation's ancestors, while transitioning to a circular economy.
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Ihde, Don. "Phil-Tech Meets Eco-Phil." In Philosophy, Technology, and the Environment. The MIT Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.7551/mitpress/9780262035668.003.0003.
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Don Ihde examines the “congenital dystopianism” shared by environmentalists, environmental philosophers, and philosophers of technology. Each group employs a “rhetoric of alarm” that connects the use of technologies with environmental degradations. Ihde calls attention to how excessive rhetorical strategies have locked us into a false dichotomy: either technological-environmental utopianism or dystopianism. The problem is that we have not yet fully diagnosed either what our technologies can or should do, or what the environmental crises actually are. So long as we continue to accept either utopian or dystopian forecasts we are unlikely to bring either technologies or ecosystems into appropriate focus. Techno-environmental problems are complex, ambiguous, and interwoven; they rarely lend themselves either to an easy techno-fix or simple solution. The hardest problem of them all is how to turn major actors in the economy green: large scale development projects and multinational corporations. The challenge for a proactive philosopher is to get on the ground floor of technological research and development in order to help figure out how to green the economy itself.
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Zeferino, Ana Carolina Sanches, José Ricardo de Souza Ramos, Alexandre Beraldi Santos, Eduardo Guilherme Satolo, Olavo Braga Neto, and Saulo Cabral Bourguignon. "Kaizen Implementation." In Cases on Lean Thinking Applications in Unconventional Systems, 20–40. IGI Global, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-6684-5185-4.ch002.
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The use of the lean philosophy in healthcare environments has been reported in different countries, both in the private and the public sectors. However, there is not much information on how to apply the Kaizen concept to healthcare services, notably in hospitals and emergency services, which are increasingly challenging environments given the aging of the world population and the degradation of human conditions in several countries. Existing publications on the topic expose different forms of Kaizen use in healthcare services, which may cause misunderstanding and confusion. This chapter describes and brings light to the Kaizen approach in lean implementations and discusses its challenges, barriers, and success factors using a case study of a non-governmental organization (NGO) that started its lean journey with Kaizen implementation in late 2019. It also describes strategies to use it according to up-to-date publications and presents the benefits, the challenges, and the framework to successfully implement Kaizen.
Conference papers on the topic "Environmental degradation Philosophy"
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Liao, Mengyuan, Toshihiko Hojo, Guijun Xian, Yuqiu Yang, and Hiroyuki Hamada. "Environmental Degradation Behavior of Kenaf Fiber Mat Composite." In ASME 2014 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2014-38248.
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Nowadays “eco-design” is becoming a philosophy to guide next generation of materials and products as global environmental issue produced by fossil fuels and resource overusing. With an industrial increasing interest in sustainable, eco-efficient and green material’s application, natural fiber in polymer composite is guided to develop rapidly. As well know that, natural fibers possess advantages over synthetic or manmade fibers due to its abundance, biodegradability, CO2 neutrality, excellent price/performance ratio and comparable specific strength properties. However, outdoor applications of natural fiber composite are still constrained and raising concerns in terms of their durability, including UV resistance, moisture resistance and extreme temperature withstand and dimensional stability. Continuing with previous research on kenaf non-woven reinforced unsaturated polyester composites three months degradation performance, in order to get a good knowledge of its degradation process/cycle in complicated outdoor environments, longer degradation periods up to 6 months and 12 months in this paper were added for further investigation and comparison. Initially, three sets of kenaf fiber mat composite samples were located in extreme cold temperature (Harbin), mild sea climate Kyoto (Japan), subtropical marine monsoon climate Shanghai (China) and tropical monsoon climate Zaria (Nigeria) respectively from the same starting time until predetermined ageing periods, afterwards weight change and mechanical behavior in terms of tensile, flexural, impact and fracture toughness were measured instrumentally for ageing effect discussion and comparison. As expected, the aged specimens in those different positions all showed the dropped mechanical properties with increasing ageing periods. Furthermore, the trend of degradation in various mechanical parameters was established, which demonstrated weight loss made more serious effect on aged sample’s mechanical properties’ reduction than water absorption behavior. In a word, dropped mechanical properties of the degraded composites accompanied with weight change behavior were clarified, in which degradation phenomenon of embrittled the matrix polymer, deteriorated reinforced fiber and interfacial properties were detected.
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Mohamed, W., B. Al-Abri, P. Pilidis, and A. Nasir. "Economic Evaluation of Industrial Gas Turbines for Electrical Power Generation." In ASME Turbo Expo 2012: Turbine Technical Conference and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2012-69495.
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This paper looks at some of the financial implications of generating electricity using a 165 MW gas turbine based power plant operating in a warm coastal environment. The engine performance model is developed using the Turbomatch in-house software package capable of simulating engine performance at both design and off-design conditions. Given the long operational life of the power plant, the economic model uses the Net Present Value (NPV) technique to simulate and account for the time value of money. This allows techno-economic comparisons between various modes of operation and variations in power demand to be made. The modelling will be used to optimise operation using key economic and performance parameters. The modelling is based on the Techno-Economic, Environmental and Risk Analysis (TERA) philosophy which allows for a broad and multidimensional analysis of the problem to aid plant operation and equipment selection. The analysis shows that 30 °C increase in ambient temperature above the design point results in 11.5% increase in the levelized cost of electricity (LCOE). The analysis also shows that the LCOE is increased by 4.3 as a result of 5% degradation in turbine compressor.
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Cowin, Todd G., Glenn A. Lanan, Mike Paulin, and Duane DeGeer. "Integrity Monitoring of Offshore Arctic Pipelines." In ASME 2021 40th International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2021-64174.
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Abstract For safe and cost-efficient operations of new and existing offshore Arctic pipelines, monitoring of pipeline structural integrity is imperative. A well-founded pipeline integrity management program can optimize production output, extend the life of the pipeline, and serve as a tool for providing preventative maintenance information. Without the implementation of a routine integrity monitoring campaign, pipeline integrity degradation may go undetected until the point of failure. Arctic-specific offshore pipeline design and operational challenges, such as strudel scour, seabed ice gouge, pipeline upheaval buckling, permafrost thaw settlement, and remote location increase the risk and severity of a loss of pipeline integrity. These design cases can create abnormal conditions and ground deformations along sections of the pipeline which can be difficult to immediately detect through standard integrity monitoring systems and schedules. Many of the existing offshore pipelines in the Arctic are buried in remote locations under seasonal ice cover and the failure to detect pipeline damage in a timely manner could have severe safety, environmental, and economic consequences. An Arctic pipeline integrity monitoring philosophy can be implemented to provide further mitigation against loss of pipeline structural integrity by means of regular bathymetry surveys, In-Line Inspection (ILI) campaigns and Fiber Optic Cable (FOC) monitoring. This paper provides a guideline for buried offshore Arctic pipeline integrity monitoring. The guideline covers pipeline integrity assurance incorporated into the pipeline design, the surveys to be completed during installation, as-built assessment of the pipeline profile, the warm-up assessment/implementation needed before start-up, and the integrity inspections to be completed during operations.
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Reifsnider, Ken. "The Mechanics of Composite Strength Evolution: Concepts and Applications." In ASME 1998 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece1998-1161.
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Abstract There does not seem to be a universal answer to the question of how mechanics is related to material strength. It is clear that the results of mechanics estimates of point-wise stress and strain values and distributions are inputs to the question of “how strong is this material.” But these quantities have no direct interpretation in terms of strength. Small stress or strain values may be “critical” in local regions or directions of very small material strength, for example, and “infinitely” large values may be artifacts of analysis and may not cause actual material failure. Interpretations of the results of mechanics analyses are essential to a “philosophy of strength.” One of the most popular interpretations is based on concepts collectively known as “fracture mechanics.” The object of this approach is the representation of the field stress and strain near the tip of a single crack. An amplitude of the singularity of that field, called the field stress intensity, is typically associated with a material strength parameter, generally referred to as fracture toughness. The assumption is that global fracture is induced by the conditions at the tip of a single crack (or dominant single crack) in the medium, and that strength is determined by those local conditions. Modern engineering composites typically use fiber reinforcements that are made from light, strong, and very brittle materials. Matrix materials are used to create the continuity necessary to transfer loads to the fibers, and to defeat the propagation of defects so that the global response is damage tolerant. Such materials are designed to avoid single crack growth; composite materials that fail by single crack growth are not widely used. Most modern composites fail by the accumulation of “degradation.” This degradation may include matrix cracking and other micro-defects, oxidation or chemical degradation, thermodynamic effects (especially microstructure changes), kinetic events (such as diffusion), and time-dependent deformation. Remarkably, changes in stiffness and strength during service of such materials may be quite large, of the order of 30 to 40 percent before “fracture” occurs. These large changes in properties create a special challenge in the effort to interpret mechanics analysis in terms of strength and remaining strength. Strength definitions and interpretations must involve careful analyses not only of stress states but also of material states. And those states are generally functions of time, sequence, statistical variations, and history over the life of a component. The present paper discusses an approach to this problem, and postulates a philosophy that uses careful definitions of strength, precise laboratory analysis of failure modes, micromechanical models of damage and failure modes, and kinetic theory to construct a mechanics analysis that predicts the remaining strength and life of composite materials and systems under combined conditions of mechanical, thermal, and chemical applied environments. Strengths, weaknesses, and applications of the approach will be described. Future opportunities and needs in this general field will also be discussed.
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Alonso Castro, Beatriz, Roland Daly, Francisco Javier Becerro, and Petter Vabø. "1300 Tons Grouted Integrity Support Installation Case Study." In ASME 2020 39th International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2020-18297.
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Abstract The North sea Yme oil field was discovered in 1987, production started in 1996 and ceased after 6 years when it was considered no longer profitable to operate. In 2007 a new development was approved, being Yme the first field re-opened in the Norwegian Continental Shelf. The concept selected was a MOPUStor: comprising a jack-up unit grouted to a subsea storage tank. Due to compromised structural integrity and lack of regulatory compliance that came to light shortly after installation, the platform was required to be removed [1]. The remaining riser caisson and the future 1050 t wellhead module required a support to allow the re-use of the facilities and tap the remaining oil reserves. The innovative tubular frame support was designed as a braced unit, secured to the existing MOPUstor leg receptacles and holding a grouted clamp larger than typical offshore clamps for which design guidance in ISO is available. The existing facilities had to be modified to receive the new structure and to guide it in place within the small clearances available. The aim of this paper is to describe the solutions developed to prepare and verify the substructure for installation; to predict the dynamic behavior of a subsea heavy lift operation with small clearances around existing assets (down to 150 mm); and to place large volume high strength grouted connections, exceeding the height and thickness values from any project ever done before. In order to avoid early age degradation of the grout, a 1 mm maximum relative movement requirement was the operation design philosophy. A reliable system to stabilize the caisson, which displacements were up to 150 mm, was developed to meet the criteria during grouting and curing. In the stabilizer system design, as well as the plan for contingencies with divers to restart grouting in the event of a breakdown, the lessons learned from latest wind turbine industry practices and from the first attempt to re-develop the field using grouted connections were incorporated. Currently the substructure is secured to provide the long term integrity of the structure the next 20 years of future production in the North Sea environment.