Relevant bibliographies by topics / Environmental decline

Academic literature on the topic 'Environmental decline'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 10 December 2022
Last updated: 28 January 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Environmental decline"

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Innes, John L. "Forest decline." Progress in Physical Geography: Earth and Environment 16, no. 1 (March 1992): 1–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/030913339201600101.

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Forest decline is a major environmental issue today. However, there are numerous examples of past declines in the condition of individual species within forests or of the entire forests themselves. Many of these declines are natural, being brought about by a variety of factors, including stand dynamics, pests and diseases. The emphasis that has been placed on air pollution in recent declines does not appear to be justified, although air pollution has undoubtedly brought about the decline of forests at some locations. Much of the literature exaggerates the extent of the decline in forest health in Europe. The overestimation of its extent has occurred because of the assessment techniques that are used: these are unable to distinguish trees that have recently declined from those that have always been in poor condition. In addition, the techniques that are most frequently used are nonspecific and no cause can be readily attributed to the defoliation that has been observed.
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Muldoon, M. "Environmental Decline and Christian Contemplation." Interdisciplinary Studies in Literature and Environment 10, no. 2 (July 1, 2003): 75–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/isle/10.2.75.

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Mol, Arthur P. J. "The environmental nation state in decline." Environmental Politics 25, no. 1 (August 17, 2015): 48–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09644016.2015.1074385.

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Ehrenfeld, David. "Environmental Control and the Decline of Reality." Modern Churchman 32, no. 2 (January 1990): 5–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.3828/mc.32.2.5.

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Bukharin, Irina. "Environmental Multilateralism: Climate Change and American Decline." Swarthmore International Relations Journal, no. 2 (2017): 33–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.24968/2574-0113.2.7.

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Orr, Matthew. "Environmental Decline and the Rise of Religion." Zygon® 38, no. 4 (December 2003): 895–910. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9744.2003.00545.x.

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van der Sluijs, Jeroen P. "Insect decline, an emerging global environmental risk." Current Opinion in Environmental Sustainability 46 (October 2020): 39–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cosust.2020.08.012.

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Kim, Natalie, Bjørn Walseng, and Norman David Yan. "Will environmental calcium declines hinder Bythotrephes establishment success in Canadian Shield lakes?" Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 69, no. 5 (May 2012): 810–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/f2012-024.

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Recently, calcium-rich daphniids have declined on the Canadian Shield in response to falling lake-water calcium concentrations, or [Ca]. Meanwhile the invader Bythotrephes longimanus , a predator that feeds on Daphnia , continues to spread. Our goal was to determine if ongoing calcium declines might directly or indirectly affect Bythotrephes ’ establishment success. To address direct effects, we provide the first quantification of Bythotrephes’ calcium content, which is very low (0.03% as dry mass) compared with other Cladocera. We also examined the effects of differing [Ca] (0.1–2.6 mg·L–1) on Bythotrephes’ performance in the laboratory. For all [Ca], population growth rates remained positive, indicating that Bythotrephes has great tolerance of low [Ca]. Finally, we examined Bythotrephes’ distribution in relation to [Ca] on the Shield where is it relatively new, alongside its distribution in Norway where it is endemic and found that Bythotrephes inhabits very low calcium environments in Norway (minimum = 0.2 mg·L–1). These results suggest that Bythotrephes establishment in Canada is currently not — and in the future will likely not — be limited by falling calcium. Rather, as Bythotrephes is more tolerant of low [Ca] than are its daphniid prey, we propose that both calcium decline and Bythotrephes invasions may contribute to Daphnia decline.
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Gray, Richard A. "Theological responses to environmental decline: An annotated bibliography." Reference Services Review 22, no. 3 (March 1994): 69–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/eb049224.

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Winocur, Gordon. "Environmental influences on cognitive decline in aged rats." Neurobiology of Aging 19, no. 6 (November 1998): 589–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0197-4580(98)00107-9.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Environmental decline"

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Edwards, Todd A. "Environmental correlates and associations of tuart (Eucalyptus gomphocephala) decline." Thesis, Edith Cowan University, Research Online, Perth, Western Australia, 2004. https://ro.ecu.edu.au/theses/800.

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Tuart (Eucalyptus gomphocephala DC.) is an ecologically and culturally important tree species that grows across a narrow 400 km long coastal belt, from the Sabrina River south of Perth, to Jurien Bay in the north. Unfortunately, Tuart is also a species under considerable threat due to clearing, lack of recruitment and canopy decline. Canopy decline is of particular concern, being increasingly reported throughout the Tuart distribution. Despite this, previous studies of Tuart have generally been limited to localised canopy decline events. This two-phased study firstly involved an assessment of Tuart canopy condition at 46 sites across the species distribution. At each study site the canopy condition of no Jess than 20 Tuart trees was assessed using estimations of canopy completeness, measures of canopy size reduction, and through the scoring of canopy condition indices. The second phase of the study involved collecting data on a wide selection of environmental factors considered to be important to canopy condition. These included factors of stand structure, understorey composition,landform (soil type, geology, topography, and geography), climate (gradients and change), hydrology (depth, depth change, and chemistry), fire regimes, pollution and anthropogenic disturbance (fragmentation and site disturbance). Assessment of canopy condition indicates that most the Tuart distribution has slight to moderate canopy decline, and is characterised by a mean canopy completeness of 70 percent. Most of this canopy decline is considered to be background (stand level) decline and likely to be a characteristic of the species. However, the lack of comparative studies using similar methodology makes the determination of the current state of Tuart canopy condition difficult. Long-term monitoring of Tuart canopy condition is therefore recommended to determine temporal trends in canopy condition. The main area of concern for Tuart conservation was found to be the Yalgorup region, where trees had typically less than 30 percent canopy completeness. Severe canopy decline in this region is similar to dieback reported in other eucalypt species from across Australia, that is, gradually receding canopy foliage leaving stag-headed trees and abundant epicormic foliage. Localised cases of canopy decline, similar in structure to that of the Yalgorup region, were found at Yellagonga, Neerabup and Ludlow National Park. Investigations into environmental factors found severe canopy decline in the Yalgorup region is associated with higher rainfall, finer and shallower soil, higher groundwater alkalinity and salinity, and greater rates of groundwater salinity increase. Elsewhere Tuart canopy decline was found to be associated with nutrient enrichment (high topsoil ammonium nitrogen) and high levels of fragmentation. Environmental factors other than those mentioned do not appear to be causing Tuart canopy decline across the distribution, for example understorey competition, altered fire regimes and climate change. Future management of Tuart canopy decline needs to focus on the severe canopy decline in the Yalgorup region, and build upon the hypotheses proposed in this study to explain canopy decline. Low recruitment should also not be forgotten as a major cause of the species decline.
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Gruber, Holli. "Emotions in Environmental Discourses - Analysing the Insect Decline in Germany." Thesis, Örebro universitet, Institutionen för humaniora, utbildnings- och samhällsvetenskap, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:oru:diva-67591.

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Insects are not really beloved by many people, although their importance for humankind and the planet’s ecosystem is out of question. The lack of resonance and emotional attachment towards insects have an immense impact on how politics deal with the fact that the number of insects is decreasing and the ecological balance is threatened as a consequence. This thesis contributes to the understanding of the role of emotions in environmental discourses and examines the societal meaning of the insect biodiversity. Analysing how the discourse is visualised and communicated in the media shows how and to what extent different emotions are evoked to make people care about insects, be engaged and mobilised. Emotions can be seen as the base for caring and feeling responsible for the natural word, establishing ecological awareness and inducing socio-political change.
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Porcellini, Elisa <1978&gt. "Genetic and environmental factors associated with the risk of cognitive decline and dementia." Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2011. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/3336/.

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AD is the most common age related neurodegenerative disease in the industrialized world. Clinically AD is defined as a progressing decline of cognitive functions. Neuropathologically, AD is characterized by the aggregation of b-amyloid (Ab) peptide in the form of extracellular senile plaques, and hyperphosphorlylated tau protein in the form of intracellular neurofibrillary tangles. These neuropathological hallmarks are often accompanied by abundant microvascular damage and pronounced inflammation of the affected brain regions. In this thesis we investigated several aspects of AD focusing on the genetic aspect. We confirmed that Alpha 1 antichymotrypsin (ACT), an acute phase protein, was associated to AD subjects, being plasma levels higher in AD cases than controls. In addition, in a GWA study we demonstrated that two different gene, Clusterin and CR1 were strongly associated to AD. A single gene association not explain such a complex disease like AD. The goal should be to created a network of genetic, phenotypic and clinical data associated to AD. We used a new algorithm, the ANNs, aimed to map variables and search for connectivity among variables. We found specific variables associated to AD like cholesterol levels, the presence of variation in HMGCR enzyme and the age. Other factors such as the BMI, the amount of HDL and blood folate levels were also associated with AD. Pathogen infections, above all viral infections, have been previously associated to AD. The hypothesis suggests that virus and in particular herpes virus could enter the brain when an individual becomes older, perhaps because of a decline in the immune system. Our new hypothesis is that the presence of SNPs in our GWA gene study results in a genetic signature that might affect individual brain susceptibility to infection by herpes virus family during aging.
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Watterson, Patricia A. "Environmental factors in differential infant and child mortality decline in England and Wales, circa 1895 to 1910." Thesis, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine (University of London), 1987. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.313117.

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Ampudia, Sjogreen Diana Marcela. "“We used to…” The Decline of Social Capital on Providencia Island, Colombia." The Ohio State University, 2016. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1471873987.

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Roberts, Leri Jane. "Environmental and temporal aspects of bog-pine establishment and decline in central Britain during the Holocene." Thesis, University of Bristol, 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.266997.

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Ostrand, William D. "Disease and Habitat Change as Factors Associated with Mourning Dove Population Decline." DigitalCommons@USU, 1995. https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd/6516.

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The western mourning dove (Zenaida macroura) population has been declining since 1966. Data collected in 1951-52, in Fillmore, Utah, provided us a baseline for comparison with our study in the same area. Our approach was to determine whether a local population decline had occurred since the original data were collected, assess if trichomoniasis has impacted the local population, determine if changes in habitat structure affect foraging site selection, quantify changes in habitat, identify which habitats doves preferred, ascertain whether doves had responded to habitat change by changing food habits, and assess if changes in habitat were responsible in part for the local population decline. We found that population counts declined 72% and 82% from 1952 to 1992 and 1993, respectively. We determined that trichomoniasis was not an factor. in the decline. We observed that doves preferred foraging habitat characterized by a short and open structure and will not forage in the taller, denser vegetation that now dominates the study area. The most dramatic change in habitat was an 82% decline of land in winter wheat production. In 1951-52 and 1992-93, doves consumed wheat in greater frequency and volume than any other food item. Habitats selected for foraging were wheat fields following harvest, feedpens, hay storage yards, and weedy patches. Of these habitats, area in wheat fields and number of feedpens had changed extensively. The decline in wheat availability, either at harvested fields or feedpens, appears to have contributed to the local population decline. We used regression analysis to test the statewide relationship between the decline in the mourning dove population index, area in winter wheat production, and the number of farms with cattle and obtained significant results (R2 = .42, P = 0.001).
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Sinnott, Tyler King. "Eelgrass (Zostera marina) Population Decline in Morro Bay, CA: A Meta-analysis of Herbicide Application in San Luis Obispo County and Morro Bay Watershed." DigitalCommons@CalPoly, 2020. https://digitalcommons.calpoly.edu/theses/2236.

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The endemic eelgrass (Zostera marina) community of Morro Bay Estuary, located on the central coast of California, has experienced an estimated decline of 95% in occupied area (reduction of 344 acres to 20 acres) from 2008 to 2017 for reasons that are not yet definitively clear. One possible driver of degradation that has yet to be investigated is the role of herbicides from agricultural fields in the watershed that feeds into the estuary. Thus, the primary research goal of this project was to better understand temporal and spatial trends of herbicide use within the context of San Luis Obispo (SLO) County and Morro Bay Watershed by analyzing data of application by mass, area, and intensity to identify herbicides with the highest potential for local environmental pollution. California Pesticide Use Annual Summary Reports (PUASR) from the years 2000 to 2017 were used to obtain data for conducting a meta-analysis to estimate total herbicide application by weight within every township, range, and section for each of the eight selected herbicides: oxyfluorfen, glyphosate, diuron, chlorthal-dimethyl, simazine, napropamide, trifluralin, and oryzalin. A second goal was to select an analytical laboratory that would be best suited for herbicide analysis of estuary sediments to determine the presence, or lack thereof, of the eight selected herbicides. Criteria of consideration in laboratory selection included herbicides detection capabilities, detection/reporting limits, testing prices, chain of custody protocols, turnaround times, and laboratory site locations. The meta-analysis yielded results showing high herbicide application rates in SLO County with glyphosate, oxyfluorfen, and chlorthal-dimethyl being identified as three herbicides of elevated risk for local environmental contamination due high rates of use by mass, by area, and/or intensity during the study timeframe. Additionally, Morro Bay Watershed exhibited moderate rates of herbicide application with chlorthal-dimethyl and glyphosate being of highest risk for contamination and accumulation within the estuary because of high application rates by mass, by area, and/or intensity. Finally, Environmental Micro Analysis (EMA) and Primus Group, Inc. (PrimusLabs) were identified as the top candidates for analytical laboratory testing of Morro Bay Estuary sediment samples to be obtained and tested for the selected herbicides. These laboratories provide superior analytical capabilities of the eight herbicides, impressive reporting limits or lower detection limits, competitive testing prices for detecting multiple constituents in multiple samples, robust chain of custody protocols, options for quick turnaround times, and laboratory site locations within California.
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Wilson, Victoria R. "Point Pleasant Produced Water Characterization: An Analysis of Past Production and Prediction of Future Production." Youngstown State University / OhioLINK, 2019. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ysu155973360664964.

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Brown, Jenise. "Net Effects of Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis (Bd) and Fungicides on Anurans Across Life Stages." Scholar Commons, 2013. http://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/4643.

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Amphibians are declining at alarming rates globally. Multiple factors contribute to these declines, including chemical contaminants and emergent diseases. In recent years, agrochemical use, especially fungicide applications, has increased considerably. Previous studies have demonstrated that these agrochemicals leave application sites and enter wetlands via runoff and have detrimental effects on non-target organisms. For example, exposure to contaminants can have multifarious effects on amphibians, such as reducing their ability to deal with a secondary stressor, such as disease. A pathogen that is found concomitant with chemical contaminants in aquatic systems is Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis (Bd). Bd has decimated amphibian populations worldwide. Susceptibility to this pathogen varies across amphibian life stages, and is greater in adults than larvae. Consequently, it is important to examine the effects of simultaneous and serial Bd and agrochemical exposure throughout amphibian development. I assessed the combined effects of 3 different fungicides and Bd on two amphibian species: Cuban tree frogs (Osteopilus septentrionalis) and grey tree frogs (Hyla versicolor), both simultaneously and across life stages. To elucidate the complexities of these interactions, I conducted two experiments, one in the laboratory and another in outdoor mesocosms. Frogs were exposed to most of the possible combinations of fungicides and Bd as tadpoles and metamorphs. The presence of fungicides during the tadpole stage caused no difference in timing to metamorphosis and therefore no extension of time animals were exposed to the pathogen. Fungicides did not reduce fungal growth; in fact, tadpoles exposed simultaneously to a fungicide and Bd, regardless of the specific fungicide, had increased fungal loads compared to acetone controls. Additionally, animals exposed to both stressors simultaneously had higher mortality compared to controls or any of the stressors singly. Lastly, the fungicide had persistent effects on amphibian health by affecting susceptibility to Bd later in ontogeny. Frogs exposed to any of the three fungicides as a tadpole had higher Bd prevalence, Bd abundance, and Bd-induced mortality when challenged with Bd after metamorphosis, an average of 71 days after their last fungicide exposure. In conclusion, I found no benefits of fungicides for amphibians. In fact, results indicate both immediate and delayed negative effects of exposure to fungicides and Bd. These findings highlight the importance of studying multiple potential contributors to amphibian declines, simultaneously and sequentially, to understand net effects of stressors on amphibian performance.
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Books on the topic "Environmental decline"

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Domestication: The decline of environmental appreciation. 2nd ed. Cambridge [England]: Cambridge University Press, 1990.

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C, Wolf Edward, ed. Reversing Africa's decline. Washington, D.C: Worldwatch Institute, 1985.

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Ewing, Richard D. Diminishing returns: Salmon decline and pesticides. [Eugene?], Or: Oregon Pesticide Education Network (OPEN), 1999.

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Ewing, Richard D. Diminishing returns: Salmon decline and pesticides. [Eugene?], Or: Oregon Pesticide Education Network (OPEN), 1999.

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Ewing, Richard D. Diminishing returns: Salmon decline and pesticides. [Eugene?], Or: Oregon Pesticide Education Network, 1999.

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Action at the grassroots: Fighting poverty and environmental decline. Washington, D.C., USA: Worldwatch Institute, 1989.

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A, Gray Richard, ed. Environmental decline and public policy: Pattern, trend and prospect. Ann Arbor: Pierian Press, 1992.

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The decline of nature: Environmental history and the western worldview. Bethesda, MD: Academica Press, 2008.

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LaFreniere, Gilbert F. The decline of nature: Environmental history and the Western worldview. Bethesda, MD: Academica Press, 2007.

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The next world war: Tribes, cities, nations and ecological decline. Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 2004.

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Book chapters on the topic "Environmental decline"

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Bakker, Rosemary. "Environmental Design for Cognitive Decline." In Handbook on the Neuropsychology of Aging and Dementia, 389–400. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-93497-6_25.

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Bakker, Rosemary. "Environmental Design for Cognitive Decline." In Handbook on the Neuropsychology of Aging and Dementia, 153–65. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-3106-0_11.

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Sapir, Yuval, Achik Dorchin, and Yael Mandelik. "Indicators of Pollinator Decline and Pollen Limitation." In Environmental Indicators, 103–15. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-9499-2_8.

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Melosi, Martin V. "The Ogallala Aquifer in Decline." In Water in North American Environmental History, 223–33. New York: Routledge, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003041627-29.

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Bussotti, F., P. Grossoni, R. Gellini, L. Brogi, I. Calistri, A. Bottacci, M. Ferretti, and E. Cenni. "Aspects of Forest Decline In Tuscany." In Responses of Forest Ecosystems to Environmental Changes, 853–54. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-2866-7_193.

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Kaupenjohann, Martin, Wolfgang Schaaf, and Wolfgang Zech. "Norway Spruce Decline in NE Bavaria/FRG." In Responses of Forest Ecosystems to Environmental Changes, 586–87. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-2866-7_69.

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Messini, A., E. Lumini, and F. Favilli. "Microbial Ecology and White-Fir Decline in the Trento Forest." In Responses of Forest Ecosystems to Environmental Changes, 740–41. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-2866-7_140.

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Diez-Nicolás, J. "Implications of Population Decline for the European Union (2000–2050)." In Environmental Challenges in the Mediterranean 2000–2050, 247–63. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-0973-7_15.

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Ferraro, Timothy John, and Shelley Burgin. "Review of environmental factors influencing the decline of Australian frogs." In Herpetology in Australia, 205–18. P.O. Box 20, Mosman NSW 2088, Australia: Royal Zoological Society of New South Wales, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.7882/rzsnsw.1993.031.

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Drew, Georgina. "Ecological Change and the Sociocultural Consequences of the Ganges River’s Decline." In Water, Cultural Diversity, and Global Environmental Change, 203–18. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-1774-9_15.

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Conference papers on the topic "Environmental decline"

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Erdheim, Ric. "The Decline in Mercury Emissions From Solid Waste Management." In 11th North American Waste-to-Energy Conference. ASMEDC, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/nawtec11-1674.

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Mercury pollution is a growing health and environmental concern. The 1997 EPA Mercury Report to Congress identified mercury emissions from solid waste combustors as causing 1/3 of all emissions in the US. The report attributed smaller amounts to emissions from landfill and product breakage. Some states are targeting solid waste management for regulatory action. Mercury use in products has declined by 90% since 1980. The electrical industry has been at the forefront of this decline. Incinerator companies have successfully implemented the requirements for mercury emission controls required by the Clean Air Act Amendments of 1990. As a result, there has been a substantial reduction of mercury emissions from solid waste combustors and these combustors are now a very small source of mercury emissions. This and other actions are resulting in demonstrable declines of mercury in the environment. Proposed state action inappropriately still targets the solid waste system as a source of mercury and consists of programs that are not cost-effective and that have no priorities. The advancements have largely taken place. Industry needs to document and disseminate its achievements. Industry also should foster cost-effective efforts to enhance existing achievements.
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Fragachan, Francisco E., Talgat Adilhanovich Shokanov, Adriana Patricia Ovalle, and Kenneth George Nolte. "Mitigating Risks From Waste Subsurface Pressure Injection and Decline Analysis." In E&P Environmental and Safety Conference. Society of Petroleum Engineers, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/105555-ms.

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Ruth, Bernhard. "Initial phase of the chlorophyll fluorescence induction kinetics as an indicator of the degree of forest decline." In Environmental Sensing '92, edited by Richard J. Becherer and Christian Werner. SPIE, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.138510.

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Pashynski, V. A., and О. V. Bondarchuk. "DECLINE OF POWER-HUNGRYNESS OF PROCESS OF PRODUCTION OF BREWING MALT." In SAKHAROV READINGS 2021: ENVIRONMENTAL PROBLEMS OF THE XXI CENTURY. International Sakharov Environmental Institute of Belarusian State University, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.46646/sakh-2021-2-305-308.

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Research results are resulted expense of energy on drying of light malt at treatment of brewing barley the heterogeneous electric field less than on 0,03 Gkal, that makes 4,286 kg of u.t. in a count on 1 t of initial grain by humidity 14% as compared to a malt grain of which was not exposed to treatment.
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Cox, William E. "The Decline of the Riparian Doctrine and the Changing Nature of Eastern Water Rights." In World Water and Environmental Resources Congress 2001. Reston, VA: American Society of Civil Engineers, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/40569(2001)324.

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Saripalli, K. Prasad, Steven L. Bryant, and Mukul M. Sharma. "Role of Fracture Face and Formation Plugging in Injection Well Fracturing and Injectivity Decline." In SPE/EPA Exploration and Production Environmental Conference. Society of Petroleum Engineers, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/52731-ms.

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Schafer, Jr., John S. "Lake Michigan-Huron Water Level Decline due to Hydraulic Scour of the St. Clair River." In World Environmental and Water Resources Congress 2007. Reston, VA: American Society of Civil Engineers, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/40927(243)430.

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Kwiecien, Janusz. "Accuracy Test of Laser Tracker under Condition of Air Turbulence." In Environmental Engineering. VGTU Technika, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/enviro.2017.211.

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Laser tracking for interior industrial metrology is discussed. In this work, the effects of air turbulence on the angle of laser wave propagation is analyzed in the absence of the effects associated with other meteorological parameters (pressure, humidity) and particulate pollutants (dust, smoke). This analysis establishes the effectiveness of laser tracking under turbulent air conditions and quantification of deviations in the angular and linear accuracy from those provided by the manufacturer. An experimental setup and associated measurement method to determine the turbulence structure coefficient are described. It was found that turbulent air conditions resulted in a radical decrease in measurement accuracy. The reduction in accuracy was evidenced by a decrease in power and an increase in standard deviation of the laser beam, as well as a decline in the angle and distance measurement precision. The experimental measurements show a high correlation to predicted values.
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Bui, D. D., A. Kawamura, T. N. Tong, H. Amaguchi, and N. Nakagawa. "Spatial Decline Distribution of Groundwater Levels of Confined Aquifer in the Whole Red River Delta, Vietnam." In World Environmental and Water Resources Congress 2011. Reston, VA: American Society of Civil Engineers, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/41173(414)84.

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Kozlenko, A. V. "PROBLEMS OF ECOLOGY OF ANCIENT GREECE." In SAKHAROV READINGS 2021: ENVIRONMENTAL PROBLEMS OF THE XXI CENTURY. International Sakharov Environmental Institute, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.46646/sakh-2021-1-11-14.

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The article deals with the problems of ecology of ancient Greece. Based on the data of written sources, as well as the results of paleoclimatic studies, the author comes to the conclusion that the climate in Greece of the classical era was minimally different from the modern one, but the ecological situation was somewhat different. With a large population and developed agriculture, signs of decline gradually began to appear, which included increasing soil erosion, especially on the lower slopes of the hills, as well as waterlogging of low-lying land areas. These processes were aggravated by the uncontrolled development of small-scale cattle breeding and the thoughtless destruction of woody vegetation. In the end, these processes brought the country to the brink of an ecological catastrophe and served as one of the reasons for the decline of ancient civilization.
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Reports on the topic "Environmental decline"

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Jung, R. E. The potential influence of environmental pollution on amphibian development and decline. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), December 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/573248.

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Hu, XinYi, JingXuan Hao, and HangYue Wang. Improvement of Environmental enrichment on Cognitive Functions in Patients and animals : A systematic review and meta-analysis. INPLASY - International Platform of Registered Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols, December 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.37766/inplasy2022.12.0014.

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Review question / Objective: To study the relationship between environmental enrichment and cognitive function through a meta-analysis of the literature, analyze its effects on the improvement of cognitive function in patients and animals, and evaluate the effects of different environmental enrichment measures on cognitive function improvement. Condition being studied: Cognitive decline refers to an individual's memory, language, reasoning and other aspects of cognitive function showing obvious, measurable decline or abnormal. The causes of cognitive decline are various, including neurodegeneration, cerebrovascular disease, infection, trauma, and depression. Alzheimer's disease and stroke are the most common.
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El Halawani, Mohamed, and Israel Rozenboim. Environmental factors affecting the decline in reproductive efficiency of turkey hens: Mediation by vasoactive intestinal peptide. United States Department of Agriculture, January 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2007.7696508.bard.

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Reproductive failure associated with heat stress is a well known phenomenon in avian species. Increased prolactin (PRL) levels in response to heat stress have been suggested as a mechanism involved in this reproductive malfunction. To test this hypothesis, laying female turkeys were subjected to 40°C for 12 h during the photo-phase daily or maintained at 24–26°C. Birds in each group received oral treatment with parachlorophenyalanine (PCPA; 50 mg/kg BW/day for 3 days), an inhibitor of serotonin (5-HT) biosynthesis; or immunized against vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP). Both treatments are known to reduce circulating PRL levels. Non treated birds were included as controls. In the control group, high ambient temperature terminated egg laying, induced ovarian regression, reduced plasma luteinizing hormone (LH) and ovarian steroids (progesterone, testosterone, estradiol) levels, and increased plasma PRL levels and the incidence of incubation behavior. Pretreatment with PCPA reduced (P< 0.05) heat stress-induced decline in egg production, increase in PRL levels, and expression of incubation behavior. Plasma LH and ovarian steroid levels of heat stressed birds were restored to that of controls by PCPA treatment. As in PCPA-treated birds, VIP immunoneutralization of heat-stressed turkeys reduced (P< 0.05) circulating PRL levels and prevented the expression of incubation behavior. But it did not restore the decline in LH, ovarian steroids, and egg production (P> 0.05). The present findings indicate that the detrimental effect of high temperature on reproductive performance may not be related to the elevated PRL levels in heat-stressed birds but to mechanism(s) that involve 5-HT neurotransmission and the induction of hyperthermia.
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Melati, Kuntum, May Thazin Aung, Juanita Gómez González, Phuong Nguyen, and Dhyey Bhatpuria. Policy recommendations for environmental conservation in the Chindwin River Basin. Stockholm Environment Institute, November 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.51414/sei2021.033.

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The Chindwin Basin is facing habitat loss and species population decline driven by economic development activities combined with the impacts of climate change. Given the interdependency of livelihoods and biodiversity in this part of Myanmar, this brief explores ideas for enhancing community-based conservation in the Chindwin River Basin.
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Black, Richard, Joshua Busby, Geoffrey D. Dabelko, Cedric de Coning, Hafsa Maalim, Claire McAllister, Melvis Ndiloseh, et al. Environment of Peace: Security in a New Era of Risk. Stockholm International Peace Research Institute, May 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.55163/lcls7037.

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The environmental crisis is increasing risks to security and peace worldwide, notably in countries that are already fragile. Indicators of insecurity such as the number of conflicts, the number of hungry people and military expenditure are rising; so are indicators of environmental decline, in climate change, biodiversity, pollution and other areas. In combination, the security and environmental crises are creating compound, cascading, emergent, systemic and existential risks. Without profound changes of approach by institutions of authority, risks will inevitably proliferate quickly. Environment of Peace surveys the evolving risk landscape and documents a number of developments that indicate a pathway to solutions––in international law and policy, in peacekeeping operations and among non-governmental organizations. It finds that two principal avenues need to be developed: (a) combining peace-building and environmental restoration, and (b) effectively addressing the underlying environmental issues. It also analyses the potential of existing and emerging pro-environment measures for exacerbating risks to peace and security. The findings demonstrate that only just and peaceful transitions to more sustainable practices can be effective––and show that these transitions also need to be rapid.
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Takama, Takesh, Elvine Kwamboka, Mbeo Ogeya, Anne Nyambane, and Rocia Diaz-Chavez. Improving Kenya’s coffee value chain and sector reforms through Sustainable Consumption and Production Practices integration. Stockholm Environment Institute, April 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.51414/sei2021.036.

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Coffee is an essential player in Kenya’s agricultural sector, yet it has suffered a steady decline in production in the past 40 years. Addressing the sector’s challenges can also advance the UN 2030 Agenda’s 12th Sustainable Development Goal, which is to “ensure sustainable consumption and production patterns,” by incorporating Sustainable Consumption and Production Practices (SCPs) in the coffee value chain. This policy brief explores the potential integration of SCPs across the coffee production chain. We present SCPs that emerged from a series of focus group discussions, stakeholder consultations and surveys, which will minimize environmental impacts and maximize productivity and worker welfare. We also summarize capacity-building measures and financial support required to implement the SCPs at scale. Adopting the recommended solutions can both boost Kenya’s coffee industry and put the sector on a path toward greater environmental sustainability.
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El Halawani, Mohamed, and Israel Rozenboim. Temperature Stress and Turkey Reproduction. United States Department of Agriculture, May 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2002.7570546.bard.

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High temperature stress is of major concern to turkey producers in Israel and the United States. The decline in the rate of egg production at high environmental temperature is well recognized, but the neuroendocrinological basis is not understood. Our objectives were: 1) to characterize the hypothalamo-hypophyseal axis involvement in the mechanism(s) underlying the detrimental effect of heat stress on reproduction, and 2) to establish procedures that alleviate the damaging effect of heat stress on reproduction. Heat stress (40oC, Israel; 32oC, U.S.) caused significant reduction in egg production, which was restored by VIP immunoneutralization. The decline in egg production did not appear to be entirely related to the expression of incubation behavior due to the rise in circulating PRL in stressed birds. Heat stress was found to increase circulating PRL in ovariectomized turkeys independent of the reproductive stage. Active immunization against VIP was shown for the first time to up-regulate LHb and FSHb subunit mRNA contents. These findings taken together with the results that the heat stress-induced decline in egg production may not be dependent upon the reproductive stage, lead to the suggestion that the detrimental effect of heat stress on reproductive performance may be in part mediated by VIP acting directly on the GnRH/gonadotropin system. Inhibin (INH) immunoneutralization has been shown to enhance FSH secretion and induces ovulation in mammals. It is hypothesized that immunization of heat-stressed turkeys against INH will increase levels of circulating FSH and the number of preovulating follicles which leads to improved reproductive performance. We have cloned and expressed turkey INH-a and INH-bA. Active immunization of turkey hens with rtINH-a increased pituitary FSH-b subunit mRNA and the number of non-graded preovulatory yellow follicles, but no significant increase in egg production was observed.
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Narvaez, Liliana, and Caitlyn Eberle. Technical Report: Southern Madagascar food insecurity. United Nations University - Institute for Environment and Human Security (UNU-EHS), August 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.53324/jvwr3574.

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Southern Madagascar’s worst drought in 40 years had devastating cumulative effects on harvest and livelihoods. On top of this, frequent sandstorms and pest infestations have led to severe stress on vegetation triggering a drastic decline in rice, maize and cassava production. These environmental aspects, combined with a lack of livelihood diversification and ongoing poverty, the presence of cattle raiders and restrictive government decisions, have driven the population of southern Madagascar to acute food insecurity conditions. By December 2021, more than 1.6 million people were estimated to have been suffering high levels of food insecurity. This case is an example of how multiple, complex environmental and social factors can combine to trigger a profound crisis in a territory, where vulnerable groups, such as children under five, tend to be particularly affected. Environmental degradation, together with socioeconomic and political dynamics are leaving vulnerable people even more exposed to food crises with few livelihood options or safety nets to cope with disasters. This technical background report for the 2021/2022 edition of the Interconnected Disaster Risks report analyses the root causes, drivers, impacts and potential solutions for the Southern Madagascar food insecurity through a forensic analysis of academic literature, media articles and expert interviews.
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Leis, Sherry, and Mary Short. George Washington Carver National Monument plant community report: 2004–2020. Edited by Tani Hubbard. National Park Service, December 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.36967/nrr-2288500.

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The Heartland Inventory and Monitoring Network completed its sixth year of plant community monitoring at George Washington Carver National Monument in 2020. Plant community monitoring focused on the restored prairie community. We visited seven monitoring sites in each of the six years and collected data on plant species and ground cover. In this report we also included two environmental factors—precipitation and recent fire history—to better understand the vegetation community status and trends. Since 2000, precipitation has often been below the 30-year normal. Moreover, annual precipitation was below normal for all but one of the monitoring years. We found that the drought in 2012 stood out as possibly influencing plant guild cover. Although prairies are adapted to drought, further analyses might reveal more about the role of climate change in these vegetation communities. Fire management also plays an important role in shaping plant communities. Prescribed fire occurrence became more frequent and consistent through the period of plant monitoring. Additional treatments, including herbicide and mowing, also supported a healthy prairie. The prairie plant community continues to be moderately diverse despite recent increases in tree seedlings and small saplings. Species richness in 2012 was different than in two of the six years monitored. However, diversity indices (H′ and J′) were very similar across monitored years. Species guilds (also known as functional groups) exhibited differing patterns. Woody plants, long a concern at the monument, were statistically similar across years. In 2020, grass-like species increased, but grass species appeared to have declined below prior years. Grass cover in 2004 was statistically different (greater) than in 2008 and 2020. The reasons for this are not clear. Of particular interest to the park is the status of two sumac species (Rhus glabra and R. copallinum). These species were in decline as a result of focused management actions since 2012. However, the blackberry species (Rubus spp.) seemed to be replacing the sumac in some sites. In 2020, nonnative species richness and cover were below peak levels, demonstrating management actions have been successful in maintaining low levels. The vegetation monitoring protocol experienced some changes between 2004 and 2020. A key difference was a shift from sampling twice during the field season to sampling only once in a monitoring year. Although a decline in species richness was anticipated, that pattern was not apparent. However, the abundance of grasses may have been affected by the shift in seasonality of sampling. Additionally, we remedied inconsistencies in how tree regeneration was recorded (stem tallies in some cases and cover estimates in other cases). We converted all cover data to stem tallies and density was calculated to be consistent with the protocol. The monument has had success with coordinating fire management and invasive species management. A decrease in sumac across the prairie is evidence of this success. These actions will continue to be important for maintaining the prairie in good condition into the future.
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Douglas, Thomas, M. Jorgenson, Hélène Genet, Bruce Marcot, and Patricia Nelsen. Interior Alaska DoD training land wildlife habitat vulnerability to permafrost thaw, an altered fire regime, and hydrologic changes. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), February 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/43146.

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Climate change and intensification of disturbance regimes are increasing the vulnerability of interior Alaska Department of Defense (DoD) training ranges to widespread land cover and hydrologic changes. This is expected to have profound impacts on wildlife habitats, conservation objectives, permitting requirements, and military training activities. The objective of this three-year research effort was to provide United States Army Alaska Garrison Fort Wainwright, Alaska (USAG-FWA) training land managers a scientific-based geospatial framework to assess wildlife habitat distribution and trajectories of change and to identify vulnerable wildlife species whose habitats and resources are likely to decline in response to permafrost degradation, changing wildfire regimes, and hydrologic reorganization projected to 2100. We linked field measurements, data synthesis, repeat imagery analyses, remote sensing measurements, and model simulations focused on land cover dynamics and wildlife habitat characteristics to identify suites of wildlife species most vulnerable to climate change. From this, we created a robust database linking vegetation, soil, and environmental characteristics across interior Alaska training ranges. The framework used is designed to support decision making for conservation management and habitat monitoring, land use, infrastructure development, and adaptive management across the interior Alaska DoD cantonment and training land domain.
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