Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Environmental compatibility'
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VIGGIANO, FRANCESCA. "BIOMASS: ENVIRONMENTAL COMPATIBILITY AND STRATEGIES FOR ENERGY PLANNING." Doctoral thesis, Politecnico di Torino, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/11583/2606567.
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ABSTRACT
Authorities and agencies in many nations are discussing ambitious targets in order to mitigate the most dangerous impact of human activity (climate change) on the environment; by considering health of human society, and also concerns about economics aspects, some regions have already set reduction targets. The European Union has set itself the ambitious target to increase the share of renewable sources in final energy consumption to 20 % by 2020, in order to reduce both GHGs emissions and reliance on fossil fuels from foreign markets. In the framework of this productive change, biomass (one of the major sources of renewable energy) plants are getting a lot of attention, but it is necessary to determine whether, in comparison with individuated climate and resource benefits, the use of this type of energy is also environmentally beneficial.
A complete assessment of the impact of a biomass energy plant requires the evaluation of many different aspects at local and global scales. From one side there are important positive aspect such as limitation of greenhouse gas (GHG) emission, use of secondary materials, improvement of local activities, right destination of organic sludges, absence of toxicity, and limited cost; from the other side, the effects on land use, need of chemicals and imported resources, expansion and/or intensification of agriculture in other locations, and, chiefly, formation of secondary pollutants (dust, nitrogen oxides, and VOC) must be carefully considered.
The present thesis has the aim to evaluate all these aspects, by providing a methodological approach and a scheme, to be applied for practical application in real situations and in order to perform a quantitative analysis of the environmental impacts. The proposed methodology permits to evaluate the environmental compatibility of a specific biomass plant and the potential energy production from biomass at regional level. Some specific numerical applications, referred to structure of plants and local impact assessment, and also to planning considerations utilized to define the bioenergy potentials and environmental consequences in Italian regions of different structure.
The overall description of technological schemes and process and territorial acceptability of bioenergy plants has been completed with considerations about production of biogas and biomethane, and fermentation of low-cost natural materials to produce second generation biofuels.
The obtained conclusions, that with their numerical definition can be considered very useful for the specific studied situations, can also be considered fairly representative as a methodological approach, with the general purpose to study with a global approach the effects of biomass energy plants.
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Gordon, Christopher M. (Christopher Michael) 1963. "Compatibility of construction contracting methods with projects and owners." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/12955.
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Groat, Linda N. "Psychological aspects of contextual compatibility in architecture : a study of environmental meaning." Thesis, University of Surrey, 1985. http://epubs.surrey.ac.uk/847475/.
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The intent of this study is to investigate contextual compatibility in architecture from a psychological perspective. More specifically, the study examines contextual compatibility as an aspect of environmental meaning. Within the framework of this research, the term contextual compatibility is defined as the degree of fit between a new infill building and the immediately adjacent buildings within an urban or campus setting. As such, contextual compatibility is clearly a very specific and narrowly defined phenomenon: yet it nevertheless represents one of the most publicly debated and architecturaly significant manifestations of environmental meaning. For example, the emergence of increasing numbers of design review commissions, the often vociferous public debates on the appropriateness of particular design proposals, and the increasing willingness of architects to employ non-Modernist vocabularies all suggest the importance of contextual compatibility in people's experience of architecture. Because this study represents one of the first empirical investigations of contextual compatibility at the architectural scale, the research is focused on three of the most fundamental aspects of the topics: 1) what meaning does contextual compatibility have for people? 2) what kind of contextual design strategies are most consistently preferred? and 3) what types of physical features are most commonly seen as contributing to or detracting from contextual compatibility? In addition, a further goal of the research is to offer an account of the psychological processes that are implicit in these questions. These questions are considered in the light of three major sets of literatures 1) general discussions of environmental cognition and meaning in the psychological literature, 2) specific substantive research studies on contextual compatibility, primarily drawn from the environmental psychology literature, and 3) critical and theoretical analyses of design strategies for contextual fit, drawn from the architectural literature.
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FUSARO, ROBERTA. "Comparative analysis of new configurations of aircraft aimed at competitiveness, environmental compatibility and safety." Doctoral thesis, Politecnico di Torino, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/11583/2694988.
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This Ph.D. Thesis aims at suggesting a proper integrated and multidisciplinary
design methodology to improve the current conceptual and preliminary design
phases of breakthrough innovative aerospace products. The methodology, based
on a Systems Engineering approach, is presented together with an envisaged toolchain,
consisting of both commercial and ad-hoc developed software, integrated in
a Model-Based Systems Engineering perspective. In addition, for the sake of
clarity and for validation purposes, a specific case study has been selected and
developed all along the document. The reference case-study is inspired to a real
pre-feasibility study in which the research group of Politecnico di Torino, which
the author of this Thesis belongs to, has been involved. The project aims at
developing a suborbital vehicle able to perform parabolic flights for both
scientific and touristic purposes. This kind of initiatives paves the way for the
future hypersonic vehicles, because it allows to crucial enabling technologies to
be tested and validated in relevant environment but with lower performances’
requirements.
The Thesis is articulated in seven Chapters with an introduction and
conclusion sections and in each Chapter a balanced mix between theoretical
investigation, mathematical model development, tool selection or development
and application to the selected case study is guaranteed. This document starts
reporting the major reasons why an innovative design methodology should be
envisaged to deal with the increasing level of complexity in the aerospace domain.
In particular, in the first Chapter, a brief overview of existing or underdevelopment
initiatives related to hypersonic is reported, together with the
description of the different types of mission in which the new hypersonic vehicles
will be exploited. Moreover, the major issues related to the infrastructures
required to operate these transportation systems are summarized. As far as
operations are concerned, a short section makes the readers aware of the current
under-development regulatory framework.
Then, the integrated multidisciplinary design methodology is presented
starting from the very high level analyses up to the sizing of the different
components of the transportation system. All along the document, crucial role is
played by requirements, whose management can allow a complete traceability of
the different design characteristics during the overall product life-cycle.
Furthermore, proper algorithms allowing to move from purely qualitative to
quantitative trade-offs, are presented, with a noticeable advantage in terms of
traceability and reproducibility.
Eventually, further improvements of both the tool-chain and the reference
case studies are envisaged for future developments.
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Kaoser, Saleh. "Concept of copper mobility and compatibility with lead and cadmium in landfill liners." Thesis, McGill University, 2003. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=84268.
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Despite improved liner design, there are still reported incidences of landfill leachate, rich in heavy metals, percolating through to groundwater and threatening ecosystems. This thesis introduces the concept of segregating municipal solid wastes (MSW) according to their major heavy metals and their metal's adsorption compatibility. Each segregated portion can be disposed in a different landfill compartment to minimize leaching of these heavy metals with the greatest bioactive impact. The validity of the concept was evaluated by batch and column retention mobility studies using copper (Cu) alone or with either lead (Pb) or cadmium (Cd) in solutions bearing various pHs. This was supported by selective sequential extraction (SSE) to determine the affinity to specific liner fractions. The following summarizes the procedure used.Beforehand, a soil column test using sand with 5 and 10% bentonite was conducted to develop an equation predicting liner permeability, k , under simulated field conditions. The column permeability test revealed that a liner with 5% bentonite resulted in a k value which respected the North American criteria of 10-5 m/s.
In the batch experiments, solutions with Cu alone or with Cd or Pb, adjusted to pH of 3.7, 5.5 or 7.5, were applied to sand liners with 0%, 5% or 10% bentonite, having CEC's of 2.0, 6.4, and 10.8 (cmol(+) kg-1 ), respectively. Bentonite, pH and Pb significantly affected Cu adsorption. Cu was adsorbed by the liners at pH <6.5 whereas Cu precipitated at pH >6.5. Cu retention was higher in the presence of Cd than in that of Pb, at all combinations of CEC and pH. Competition between metals was greater in liners with lower CEC and therefore fewer adsorption sites. Limiting Pb in a landfill compartment can improve Cu adsorption at pH's below the precipitating threshold.
In the SSE procedure, the liner samples were centrifuged, decanted from their solutions and each adsorption fraction analyzed for Cu content. Results indicated that the carbonate fraction adsorbed more Cu, and that Pb significantly increased the mobility of Cu due to competition for exchangeable sites.
In the final soil column test using a sand liner with 5% bentonite, the leachate had an initial pH of 3.7. The leaching test confirmed the compatibility of Cu with Cd. The leaching of Cu was greater in the presence of Pb. Total metals in leachate was greater for the Cu-Cd solutions than for the Cu-Pb, because of Cd's relatively high mobility. The sequential extraction results showed again that the carbonate fraction dominated metal adsorption. Total heavy metal leaching followed the order of Cu/Cd > Cu/Pb > Cu alone.
Thus, disposing MSW in landfill compartments based on their heavy metal compatibility can minimize migration of heavy metals.
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Sun, Zengqing [Verfasser], Anya [Akademischer Betreuer] Vollpracht, and Frank [Akademischer Betreuer] Dehn. "Reaction mechanisms of fly ash and metakaolin geopolymers and environmental compatibility / Zengqing Sun ; Anya Vollpracht, Frank Dehn." Aachen : Universitätsbibliothek der RWTH Aachen, 2020. http://d-nb.info/1218788313/34.
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Suen, Chung-hon Larry. "A review of the role of environmental planning and assessment in enhancing land use compatibility in Hong Kong /." Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 2000. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B22263986.
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Suen, Chung-hon Larry, and 孫忠漢. "A review of the role of environmental planning and assessment in enhancing land use compatibility in Hong Kong." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2000. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31254767.
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Frohm, Pauline, and Kara Xenia Tucholke. "The trend forecasting paradox? : An exploratory study of the compatibility of trend forecasting and sustainability." Thesis, Högskolan i Borås, Akademin för textil, teknik och ekonomi, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hb:diva-23475.
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Trend forecasting is perceived to be an essential service for fashion companies to use in order to stay competitive in the fast-paced fashion industry. Yet, in times of climate change, appointing new trends each season is a questioned practice. Since trend forecasting aligns with the inherent obsolescence of fashion’s constant change, forecasting seems to stand in paradox with the imperatives of sustainability. Thus, this thesis aims to explore the role of trend forecasting to understand its compatibility with environmental sustainability. The review of previous research depicts the evolution of the trend forecasting field and displays prominent literature within fashion and sustainability, which together displays an apparent research gap that this study aims to fill. The thesis follows an exploratory design pursuing a multiple case study strategy applied through eight semi-structured interviews with trend forecasters and a content analysis of WGSN online trend forecasts. Findings of this study validate the existence of a trend forecasting paradox while also demonstrating areas of compatibilities. Customized forecasting and long-term approaches were concluded as compatible practices and may be integrated into both long-term and seasonal forecasting. This study also recognizes a need to differ between forecasting sustainability and sustainable forecasting. This thesis is believed contribute to an under-researched area and aid the trend forecasting industry to realize its impact on sustainability, as well as suggesting approaches on how to further incorporate sustainable practices into their work.
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Netto, Alexandre de Oliveira. "Compatibilidade de um tributo ambiental com o sistema tributário nacional." Universidade de São Paulo, 2014. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/2/2133/tde-13022015-140319/.
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O ambiente ecológico do Planeta sofre incontáveis alterações, primordialmente, pela ação humana diante da transformação, consumo e descarte dos bens naturais. Tais atitudes resultam em significativa relevância na degradação ambiental e requerem imposição estatal a fim de controlar e/ou impedir maior devastação. Dentre as formas pelas quais o Estado pode combater o processo de poluição, encontram-se os chamados instrumentos econômicos. É exemplo deste mecanismo estatal o tributo ecológico, que desperta interesse em face de seu forte poder de indução comportamental. Embora, nesse aspecto, a utilização da tributação não seja ferramenta inédita, pode-se afirmar que foi com a substituição do Estado Liberal para o Estado Intervencionista que o uso da tributação com escopo de ajuste comportamental se enfatizou. Como o ordenamento jurídico brasileiro ainda não apresenta um verdadeiro tributo ecológico, da forma prevista e defendida pela OCDE Organização para Cooperação e Desenvolvimento Econômico, o tema mostra-se atual e relevante, notadamente, pela experiência internacional que tem demonstrado a capacidade de alcançar resultados significativos no combate à poluição do meio ambiente natural por meio do tributo ecológico. Assim, a proposta do trabalho consiste em abordar a compatibilidade de um tributo ecológico com o sistema tributário nacional. Nesta seara, são abordados os temas relativos aos contornos da extrafiscalidade e da indução tributária, as formas de intervenção do Estado na economia e os seus limites, o desenvolvimento econômico, a proteção ambiental e as externalidades e, ainda, a relação entre a ordem tributária, a ordem econômica e a defesa do meio ambiente, presentes no texto constitucional, em especial, no que se refere aos princípios da legalidade, da igualdade, da livre concorrência e da defesa do meio ambiente. Igualmente, é objeto da pesquisa a análise da legislação estrangeira, por meio do direito comparado para investigação da mais adequada espécie tributária para fins de proteção ambiental. Em sede de conclusão, analisa-se acerca da compatibilidade ou não de um tributo ambiental com o sistema tributário nacional. Para melhor desenvolver o estudo, este último tópico é dividido em duas vertentes: uma teórica acerca do sistema tributário nacional - e uma análise pragmática acerca da sua exequibilidade. Assim, experimentam-se as espécies tributárias existentes no vigente sistema tributário a fim de verificar o veículo mais adequado a ser utilizado como um possível tributo ecológico.Earths ecological environment undergoes countless changes, mainly brought about by human action on the processing, use and disposal of natural resources. Such attitudes result into a significant outstanding of the environmental degradation, requiring state ruling in order to control and/or prevent greater devastation. The so called economical instruments are among the ways through which the government is able to fight the polluting process. The ecological tax, which arouses interest on account of its strong environmental induction power, is one of the examples of such instruments. Although, under this aspect, the utilization of taxation is not an unheard of tool, one may assert it was through the substitution of the liberal government by the interventionist one that the use of environmental adjustment-scoped taxation, got to be emphasized. Since the Brazilian legal arrangement has yet to put forth an actual ecological tax, as it was foreseen and defended by OCDE Economical Development and Cooperation Organization, the matter shows to be current and relevant, notably, by the international experience which has demonstrated its ability on reaching significant results in the fight against the natural environments pollution by means of the ecological tax. Thus, the present study aims to address compatibility of an ecological tax with the National taxing system. In this scope it examines all issues pertaining the outlines of tax induction and extra fiscal measures forms of state intervention in the economy and its boundaries, economical development, environmental protection and their externalities. And yet, the relation among tax policy , economic policy and environmental protection as presented in the constitution, especially on what refers to legal, equity, free competition and environmental protection principles. Likewise, this research aims to analyze the foreign legislation, by means of comparing the right for investigating the most suitable tax for environmental protection purposes. In conclusion we analyze the compatibility, or not, of an environmental tax with the national tax system. So as to better develop this study, this latter issue is divided into two parts, a theoretical one about the national tax system a pragmatic one and about their feasibility. Thus, experience whether existing taxes on the current tax system in order to ascertain the most suitable one for being used as a possible ecological tax.
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Kuprieieva, Anna. "Regulatory Freedom and Indirect Expropriation: Seeking Compatibility with Sustainable Development in New Generation Bilateral Investment Treaties." Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/32447.
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One of the most notorious dilemmas of international rules on the protection of foreign investment is how to decrease the tension between a state’s regulatory freedom and private property rights in addressing indirect expropriation. Bilateral investment treaties need to achieve a crucial balance: to protect the interests of foreign investors and support rights of states to regulate in pursuit of sustainable development. In dealing with indirect expropriation past tribunals relied on different approaches and adopted mutually inconsistent positions. By demonstrating this incoherence, this thesis reviews the most recent BITs and identifies an archetype of investment treaty provisions and language that may result in the interpretation of indirect expropriation most compatible with states being free to act to achieve sustainable development.
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Arnqvist, Angelica. "The Compatibility of EU State Aid for Environmental Protection with the Polluter Pays Principle : In the Context of the EU Emissions Trading System." Thesis, Stockholms universitet, Juridiska institutionen, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-168924.
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This thesis, examines three research questions concerning the coherence between the European Union (EU) rules about State aid for environmental protection and the “polluter-pays-principle” (PPP) in the context of the free allocation practice in the European Union Emissions Trading System (EU ETS). The aim of the first research question is to study whether the free allocation of emission rights within the EU ETS is compatible with the EU State aid rules. The conclusion to this research question is that the free allocation practice does fulfil the criteria to constitute State aid but that the Commission has permitted derogations against this prohibition, provided certain conditions such as necessity and proportionality are fulfilled. The second research question is whether the free allocation method is compatible with the PPP. The PPP can be divided into an economic dimension and a legal dimension and it is concluded that the free allocation practice is contrary to at least the legal dimension of the PPP. According to the OECD, exceptions from the principle can be made but the EU has not established conditions for when such derogations from the PPP can be made. The third research question concerns the compatibility between the EU State aid rules and the PPP. Generally there is no disharmony between the State aid rules and the PPP, since the PPP should not be seen as a mere prohibition against aid to polluters, but can also be considered a complement to State aid rules. However in the specific case of the free allocation rules in the EU ETS, State aid measures contrary to the PPP are carried out. Since the EU has not established conditions for whether derogations from the PPP can be made, it is concluded that the free allocation practice within the EU ETS does expose a disharmony between the PPP and the State aid rules. It is suggested that the EU clarifies the conditions for permitting derogations from the PPP, in preparation for the fourth phase of the EU ETS.
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SENOR, ANNAMARIA, Giuseppe GENON, and DEBORAH PANEPINTO. "Compatibilità ambientale dell'ampliamento del teleriscaldamento di Torino correlato al sistema di cogenerazione." Doctoral thesis, Politecnico di Torino, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/11583/2652196.
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The goal of making the city more and more "green" by adopting more environmental friendly tools aimed at reducing CO2 and other climate-altering pollutants emitted, sees the service management of urban heating at the forefront. In particular the district heating network (DHN), combined with cogeneration plants, belongs to those strategies aimed at minimizing the impact. The district heating, consisting in the distribution of hot water by means of underground networks for the buildings heating and water for sanitary purposes, is an ever-expanding technology that allows the optimization of energy resources, with positive consequences in terms of both economic savings and environmental impacts. The aim of this work is to analyze the existing DH system built in Turin (Piedmont, North Italy). In this work, we evaluate in particular, the energetic recovery system. We analyze the existing cogeneration system designed to supplying DH: from one side a recovery of electric energy (fed into the national grid) and on the other side a recovery of thermal energy (heat input into the local DH system). These two different kinds of energy recovery are analyzed from an environmental and economic standpoint. For environmental analysis, we used mass and energy balance as a tool to implementation of pollutant dispersion models in order to obtain results concerning the air quality.
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Munoz, Laura C. V. "Spreading The Char: The Importance of Local Compatibility in the Diffusion of Biochar Systems to the Smallholder Agriculture Community Context." Scholarship @ Claremont, 2014. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/pomona_theses/102.
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This thesis enters the context of smallholder agriculture communities in the developing world. It explores the potentials of biochar and what biochar systems could bring to the smallholder communities while simultaneously bringing environmental benefits. It then acknowledges the challenges of diffusion –the spreading of an unfamiliar innovation. It seeks to answer the question of what will make diffusion of biochar systems more successful in the smallholder context, fixating on the characteristic of compatibility as well as the role local community members can play in making a new biochar system more visible to the rest of the communities.
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Moayed, Farman Amin. "Constructing the Function of “Magnitude-of-Effect” for Artificial Neural Network (ANN) Models and Their Application in Occupational Safety and Health (OSH) Engineering." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2008. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1217519927.
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Dias, Renato Traldi. "Políticas públicas ambientais e seus instrumentos: a indução e direção do mercado para a sustentabilidade." Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo, 2014. https://tede2.pucsp.br/handle/handle/6403.
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Previous issue date: 2014-03-24The present thesis‟ objective was to analyze the various forms of state intervention for the induction and directing of the market through public policies for the achievement of the goal of environmental sustainability. For this end we investigated the relation between the use of economic instruments and command and control, as well as the way to better utilize them together as a way to enhance the efficiency of both kinds of instruments. Moreover, we pointed to the adoption of a cost-benefit analysis‟ inadequacy for the implementation of environmental public policies and the better adequacy of the cost-effectiveness model. Further, we worked with the logic and nature of the market and its economic interests to confer coherence to the implementation of environmental public policies in our society‟s current capitalist system. Finally, we directed special focus toward the necessity of planning for the creation of truly effective and efficient environmental public policies, a factor whose absence is a frequent occurrence in the current Brazilian reality; and, in this line of thought, we emphasized the greater importance of preventive action to the environmental cause and the relevance of a planned and coherent action to confer the market the stability it needs, while simultaneously still enabling planned transformations for environmental improvement, together with the impulsion for the market‟s evolution, due to not being the result of improvised actions and, therefore, being predictable
A presente dissertação tem por objetivo a análise das variadas formas de intervenção estatal para a indução e direcionamento do mercado através de políticas públicas para o atingimento do objetivo de sustentabilidade ambiental. Para este fim investigou-se a relação entre o uso de instrumentos econômicos e de comando e controle, bem como a forma de melhor utilizá-los conjuntamente de modo a potencializar a eficiência de ambos os tipos de instrumentos. Ademais, apontou-se a impropriedade da adoção de análises custo-benefício na avaliação para implementação de políticas públicas ambientais e a maior adequação do modelo de custo-efetividade. Trabalhou-se ainda com a lógica e natureza do mercado e seus interesses econômicos para se conferir coerência à implementação de políticas públicas ambientais dentro do sistema capitalista que vige em nossa sociedade. Ao final, focou-se especialmente na necessidade de planejamento para a formação de políticas públicas ambientais verdadeiramente eficazes e eficientes, um fator cuja ausência constitui-se como uma ocorrência frequente na realidade brasileira atual; e, nesta linha, ressaltou-se a maior importância de uma atuação preventiva frente à temática ambiental e a relevância de uma atuação planejada e coerente que confira ao mercado a estabilidade de que necessita, enquanto ainda possibilita transformações planejadas para a melhoria ambiental, conjuntamente à impulsão para a evolução do mercado, eis que não ocorridas de modo improvisado e, portanto, previsíveis
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Pereira, Elisete Ternes. "Numerical studies on electromagnetic compatibility problems in substation environments." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 1993. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.335924.
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Reinhardt, Markus. "Exploring the limits of incentive compatibility and allocative efficiency in complex economic environments." Doctoral thesis, Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2014. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:14-qucosa-147728.
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In this dissertation auction formats are developed and discussed that focus on three specific economic environments. Regarding the impossibility results from mechanism design, the main task for the implementation of auction designs is to balance allocative efficiency and incentive compatibility – the main characteristics a mechanism should provide.
Therefore, the dissertation investigates the limits of conceivable relaxations of allocative efficiency and incentive compatibility for complex settings such as double auctions, interdependent-valuation environments and electricity market designs. The overall aim is to carefully weigh up the advantages and disadvantages for either relaxing allocative efficiency or respectively incentive compatibility.
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Darwish, Mariam M. "Towards an Emotional and Cognitive Model of Compatibility in Decision Making." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2007. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1180456457.
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Mortenson, John. "Genetic Mapping of Grass Monoculture and Grass-Legume Mixture Compatibility QTLs in Intermediate Wheatgrass." DigitalCommons@USU, 2019. https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd/7528.
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Due to increased environmental stewardship and fertilizer prices, there is increased interest in using legume mixes in perennial croplands. The objective of this study was to compare quantitative genetic parameters and quantitative trait loci (QTLs) associated with intermediate wheatgrass (Thinopyrum intermedium) when grown in 1) a non-competitive spaced environment, 2) a polyculture with alfalfa (Medicago sativa), and 3) a monoculture with crested wheatgrass (Agropyron desertorum). Traits evaluated include plant growth characteristics (Zadok’s maturity, height, and tiller count), biomass, and forage nutritive value (CP, NDF, ADF, ADL, IVTD, NDFD, NFC, ME, RFQ). A linkage map comprised of 3568 single nucleotide polymorphisms in 21 linkage groups corresponding to 21 homologous chromosome pairs of both parents was used to identify QTLs and QTL x environment interactions (QxE) based on trait averages for each genotype in each environment. Significant genotype x environment interactions were detected for biomass, NDF etc. A total of 26 QTLs were identified, including 6 MASS, 2 TILE, 2 TICR, 1 ZAMA, 1 CP, 3 NDF, 2 ADF, 3 IVTD, and 5 NDFD. A subset of 7 QTLs showed significant QxE interaction. These results indicate that breeders need to evaluate plants in polyculture or swards if these are the intended crop management systems.
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Dragicevic, Arnaud. "Market Mechanisms and Valuation of Environmental Public Goods." Phd thesis, Palaiseau, Ecole polytechnique, 2009. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00005650/en/.
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Joeckel, George Louis. "An Evaluation of Compatibility, Effectiveness, Utility, and Implementation of Plagiarism-Detection Software Operating in the Honor Code Environment at Brigham Young University." Diss., CLICK HERE for online access, 2007. http://contentdm.lib.byu.edu/ETD/image/etd2193.pdf.
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Moné, Yves. "Bases moléculaires du polymorphisme de compatibilité dans l'interaction Schistosoma mansoni / Biomphalaria glabrata." Phd thesis, Université de Perpignan, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00608477.
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La dynamique co-évolutive qui joue dans les systèmes hôte-parasite conduit à une véritable course aux armements entre les deux protagonistes qui se traduit, dans certaines interactions comme celle qui est traitée dans cette thèse, par un polymorphisme de compatibilité dont les bases moléculaires sont méconnues. L'objectif de cette thèse était de progresser dans la connaissance des mécanismes moléculaires sous-jacents à ce polymorphisme de compatibilité dans l'interaction Biomphalaria glabrata/Schistosoma mansoni. Une approche protéomique comparative entre des souches de parasites compatibles et incompatibles nous a permis d'identifier des déterminants moléculaires clés de l'interaction exprimés par le parasite. Il s'agit d'une part de mucines hautement polymorphes potentiellement antigéniques, les "Schistosoma mansoni Polymorphic Mucin" (SmPoMucs), et d'autre part de molécules anti-oxydantes ("ROS scavengers"). Afin d'aborder la question de la course aux armements de manière complète, nous avons également recherché la "contre-partie moléculaire" exprimée par le mollusque et susceptible d'exprimer ce polymorphisme de compatibilité. Dans ce but, des approches de co-précipitation ont été menées. Elles ont permis de montrer que les SmPoMucs interagissaient avec des récepteurs immunitaires diversifiés du mollusque, les Fibrinogen-related Proteins (FREPs). Nous montrons ainsi pour la première fois dans une interaction parasite/hôte invertébré l'intervention d'un "système de type antigène-anticorps" impliquant un répertoire individuel polymorphe d'antigènes potentiels du parasite (les SmPoMucs) et un répertoire individuel diversifié de récepteurs immunitaires de son hôte (les FREPs). Nous avons également montré que le complexe immun formé par les deux dernières molécules citées incluait un troisième partenaire, une thioester-containing protein (TEP) qui appartient à une classe de molécules connue pour son rôle dans la fagocytose ou l'encapsulation. La présence de ce troisième partenaire au sein d'un même complexe renforce le rôle potentiellement immunitaire de ce complexe dans la reconnaissance et l'élimination du parasite. Au travers de cette thèse, nous nous sommes également intéressés à la course aux armements jouant sur les mécanismes effecteurs de l'immunité du mollusque. Dans notre modèle, les effecteurs responsables de la destruction du parasite sont principalement des espèces réactives de l'oxygène (ROS). Dans ce cas aussi, nous avons montré qu'il existe une concordance phénotypique entre la production de ROS par l'hôte et le niveau de "ROS scavengers" produits par le parasite pour contrecarrer la réaction de l'hôte. Ainsi, les mécanismes moléculaires responsables du polymorphisme de compatibilité dans l'interaction B. glabrata/S. mansoni s'appuieraient au moins sur deux facteurs d'une part sur la confrontation de répertoires de molécules polymorphes et/ou diversifiées en ce qui concerne les mécanismes de reconnaissance immunitaire, et d'autre part sur une adaptation réciproque quantitative en ce qui concerne certains mécanismes effecteurs de l'immunité.
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Reinhardt, Markus [Verfasser], Mura Pierfrancesco [Akademischer Betreuer] La, and Wilhelm [Akademischer Betreuer] Althammer. "Exploring the limits of incentive compatibility and allocative efficiency in complex economic environments / Markus Reinhardt. Gutachter: Pierfrancesco La Mura, Ph.D. ; Wilhelm Althammer. Betreuer: Pierfrancesco La Mura, Ph.D." Dresden : Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2014. http://d-nb.info/1056911972/34.
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Cardia, Daniel Vitor Faria. "Aplicação da antena de Van Veen e Bergervoet na análise de contribuições de fontes de emissão radiada em ambientes eletromagnéticos." Universidade de São Paulo, 2010. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/3/3143/tde-04112010-064434/.
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Este trabalho tem por objetivo apresentar uma análise de desempenho e viabilidade da aplicação da antena de van Veen e Bergervoet na determinação de contribuições de fontes de emissão radiada em ambientes eletromagnéticos, considerando-se a faixa de freqüência de 9 kHz a 30 MHz. Como potencial aplicação resultante deste trabalho está a utilização de resultados experimentais na determinação de fontes equivalentes de emissão radiada, aplicáveis em simulações numéricas e diretamente através de cálculo analítico na determinação de campos eletromagnéticos no espaço. Desta forma, o uso dessas fontes em simuladores de ambientes eletromagnéticos poderá contribuir para diminuir as restrições e dificuldades atuais oriundas da avaliação experimental e teórica de ambientes eletromagnéticos diversos, e daquelas relativas a estudos de compatibilidade eletromagnética de sistemas elétricos e eletrônicos, como sistemas embarcados, etc.The objective of this work is to present is to present the main theoretical aspects and the evaluation of the van Veen and Bergervoet antenna performance, concerning its application to the determination of equivalent radiated emission sources, for the 9 kHz to 30 MHz frequency range. As a potential application, it is assumed the use of the equivalent sources, obtained based on experimental measurements, directly, on simulations of the resulting electromagnetic environments. The application of this methodology, although considered as a simplified one, may contribute to reduce the current experimental and theoretical restrictions and difficulties regarding the electromagnetic compatibility studies of electrical and electronics systems, like the on-board systems etc.
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Papaiz, Garbini Gabriel. "Contribution au calcul des élévations de potentiel de sol en contexte ferroviaire." Thesis, Paris 11, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA112098/document.
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Le système électrique ferroviaire est composé d'un ensemble de conducteurs métalliques de différentes natures et ayant, pour la plupart d'entre eux, la particularité d'avoir une longueur très importante par rapport aux dimensions transversales. Cet ensemble de conducteurs est inséré dans un environnement complexe composé de plusieurs autres éléments, tel que le réseau de transport d'énergie à haute tension, le réseau de gaz, le réseau des télécommunications, ainsi que des habitations, des passagers, des rivières, des fermes, etc. Pour assurer sa bonne compatibilité électromagnétique avec l'environnement, il est important de limiter les niveaux d'émissions électromagnétiques provenant du système ferroviaire qui pourraient perturber les éléments extérieurs ou mettre en danger des personnes. En même temps, il est important que le système ferroviaire soit suffisamment immunisé contre des éventuelles perturbations externes, de façon à assurer le bon fonctionnement des installations ferroviaires et la sécurité des passagers et du personnel. Parmi les types de perturbations électromagnétiques existant, les Élévations de Potentiel de Sol (EPS) méritent une attention particulière. Le sol naturel est un milieu conducteur de très grande taille. Il est souvent utilisé pour drainer des excès de charges électriques d'un système quelconque, ainsi comme un milieu d'échange de courant électrique entre des systèmes qui sont à des potentiels électriques différents.Des protections sont alors systématiquement installées de sorte à limiter l'impact des EPS sur les éléments voisins. Ces protections ont souvent un coût d'installation et de maintenance très élevé pour le système ferroviaire; elles doivent être optimisées au cas par cas, de façon à garantir la sécurité des personnes et le bon fonctionnement des équipements, et en même temps rester financièrement accessibles. La majorité des méthodes existantes aujourd'hui pour le calcul des EPS ne permet pas la prise en compte de tous ces facteurs. Elles se limitent à intégrer le sol de façon passive, et en général en le modélisant de nature homogène ou quasi-homogène.Dans cette optique, nous proposons une nouvelle méthode pour le calcul des EPS, plus complète et par conséquent plus précise que celles existantes aujourd'hui. Cette méthode permet d'intégrer dans la modélisation la présence d'un sol hétérogène multicouche, construit à partir de mesures réalisées sur le terrain et spécifiques à chaque contexte de sol. La présence de conducteurs enterrés dans la région de l'EPS est tenue en compte dans un modèle multiconducteur qui permet intégrer en même temps tous les conducteurs de la zone. La méthode développée est particulièrement dédiée au calcul des EPS en contexte ferroviaire. Cette approche s'appuie sur une méthode hybride qui prend en compte les phénomènes d'induction et de conduction dans un système multiconducteurs et qui intègre la présence d'un sol multicouche. Ce type d'approche s'est déjà avéré pertinent dans le cadre de l'étude des interactions entre des perturbations électromagnétiques générées par une ligne à haute tension et des canalisations enterrées. Notre méthode est dans un premier temps validée dans des configurations académiques puis mise en œuvre dans l'étude de sites ferroviaires où des comparaisons avec des mesures sont présentéesThe railway electrical system is composed of multiple metallic conductors of different kinds and having, for most of them, the particularity of being very long in comparison with its perpendicular dimensions. This set of conductors is integrated in a complex environment composed of many other elements, such as power transmission lines, pipelines, telecommunication lines, but also houses, people, rivers, farms, etc. To assure its electromagnetic compatibility with its environment, it is important to restrict the level of hazardous electromagnetic emissions coming from railway system that could disturb neighboring systems or risk people’s safety. At the same time, it is important that railway system is immunized against electromagnetic emissions coming from its neighbor, in order to assure the correct functioning of railway installations and the safety of passengers and staff. Among the different kinds of electromagnetic perturbations, the Ground Potential Rising (GPR) deserves a special treatment. The natural ground is a conductor environment of great size. It is often used to drain excessive electric charges from systems, and also as an environment allowing electrical charges exchange between systems in different electrical potential.Protections are then systematically deployed in order to limit the impact of GPR on neighboring elements. In the case of railway system, these protections have a very high cost of installation and maintenance. They must be optimized on a case to case basis, in order to assure security of people and equipments but also to be affordable.The majority of methods to calculate GPR don’t allow the integration of the complex electric environment of the ground. Most of them integrate the ground in a passive way, most of the time being a homogeneous ground.In this regard, we propose a new method of GPR calculation, more complete so more precise than what is used today. This method allows the integration into the model of a heterogeneous multilayer ground, built after measurements that have to be done on a case to case basis. The presence of buried conductors in the area of the GPR is also taken into account in a multiconductor model, which integrates at the same time all the conductors inside the zone.The method that we developed gets its full meaning when applied to GPR in railway context, thanks to the presence of many buried cables in the same environment. This approach is based on a hybrid method that takes into account induction and conduction phenomena in a multiconductor system and integrating a multilayer ground. This kind of approach has already been used in the calculation of electromagnetic induction between a power line and a pipeline. We first validated our method by calculating GPR in simple configurations. We then applied our calculations in order to calculate GPR in a railway context, which was then compared with measurements
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Wang, Yi-Chia. "The compatibility between environmental protection and economic growth." Phd thesis, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1885/151388.
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Wu, Ying-Shiue, and 吳盈學. "Influence of curing on the environmental compatibility of BOF slag." Thesis, 2011. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/34277905043623246824.
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碩士輔英科技大學
環境工程與科學系碩士班
99
In this study, outside curing of blast oxygen furnace converter slag (BOF Slag) was performed to investigate the effect of curing process on the environmental compatibility for BOF slag. The BOF slag was palced upon soil and outdoor, then deionized water was added to simulate the rainfall during curing. The curing processes had been conducted for 1 month, and then the cured BOF slag sample was taken for further leaching experiments. A variety of leaching procedures, including toxicity characteristic leaching (TCLP), U.S. SW-846 Method 1320 (MTCLP), the environment of the dissolution/extraction test method CEN 14429 pH dependent test, CEN TS 14405 percolation test, had been performed for cured BOF slag. No significant leaching of heavy metal from the cured BOF slag was found in all the leaching tests. According to the Building Material Decree (BMD, the Netherland), the cured BOF slag can pass category I material standard. The results show a good environmental compatibility of the cured BOF slag. Also, simulation results from the LeachXS-Orchestra expert system, only a very slight heavy metal would release from the cured BOF slag for 100 years, and and the release amount of heavy metal would not cause soil contaminant. The results may conclude that the cured BOF slag has a good long-term environmental compatibility and can meet the BMD category I material standard.
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Collins, Jill Phillips. "Choice Experiments: Application to Air Quality Policy Options and Investigation of Method's Incentive Compatibility." 2007. http://etd.utk.edu/2007/CollinsJill.pdf.
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Uddin, Mohammad Nayeem. "Environmental compatibility study of steel and GFRP anchors with stones used in heritage structures." 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1993/21588.
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Rahman, Fashiur. "Hydraulic conductivity and chemical compatibility of some Victorian soils used as liners for waste containment." Thesis, 2000. https://vuir.vu.edu.au/15668/.
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Wastes generated due to human activities pose a threat to the environment, and their safe and economical disposal is warranted. Landfilling of these wastes is still the most widely practised and viable alternative for their disposal. This is usually accomplished by using engineered waste containment systems in which compacted liners of predominantly clay soils are employed between waste and natural ground to act as barrier to chemical leaching. It follows that the design hydraulic conductivity of the clay is a governing parameter and many environmental regulations require this parameter to be less than 1x10"' m/s. Therefore, the precise assessment of hydraulic conductivity and the compatibility of the liner material with the permeant or leachate encountered, is paramount to ensure the effective performance of the clay liner. This thesis reports the test results of the compatibility and hydraulic conductivity of some Victorian soils used for liner construction.
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Udaya, Lakshmi L. "Design Of Truthful Allocation Mechanisms For Carbon Footprint Reduction." Thesis, 2012. http://etd.iisc.ernet.in/handle/2005/2322.
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Global warming is currently a major challenge faced by the world. Reduction of carbon emissions is of paramount importance in the context of global warming. There are widespread ongoing efforts to find satisfactory ways of surmounting this challenge. The basic objective of all such efforts can be summarized as conception and formation of protocols to reduce the pace of global carbon levels. Countries and global companies are now engaged in understanding systematic ways of achieving
well defined emission targets. In this dissertation, we explore the specific problem faced by a global industry or global company in allocating carbon emission reduction units to its different divisions and supply chain partners in achieving a required target of reductions in its carbon reduction program. The problem becomes a challenging one since the divisions and supply chain partners are often autonomous and could exhibit strategic behavior. Game theory and mechanism design provide a natural modeling tool for capturing the strategic dynamics involved in this problem.
DSIC (Dominant Strategy Incentive Compatibility), AE (Allocative Efficiency), and SBB (Strict Budget Balance) are the key desirable properties for carbon reduction allocation mechanisms.
But due to an impossibility result in mechanism design, DSIC, AE, and SBB can never be simultaneously achieved. Hence in this dissertation, we offer as contributions, two elegant solutions to this carbon emission reduction allocation problem. The first contribution is a mechanism which is DSIC and AE. We first propose a straightforward Vickrey-Clarke-Groves (VCG) mechanism based solution to the problem, leading to a DSIC and AE reverse auction protocol for allocating carbon reductions among the divisions. This solution, however, leads to a high level of budget imbalance. To reduce budget imbalance, we use redistribution mechanisms, without affecting the key properties of DSIC and AE. The Cavallo-Bailey redistribution mechanism, when applied to the above reverse auction protocol leads to reduced budget imbalance. To reduce the imbalance further, we propose an innovative forward auction protocol which achieves less imbalance when combined with the Cavallo-Bailey redistribution mechanism. The forward auction protocol also has the appealing feature of handsomely rewarding divisions that reduce emissions and levying appropriate penalties on divisions that do not participate in emission reductions.
The second contribution is a DSIC and SBB mechanism. Even though the first mechanism tries to reduce the budget imbalance, there is always a surplus which cannot be distributed among divisions and is wasted. So, in this part, by slightly compromising on efficiency, we propose a mechanism which is DSIC and SBB. The SBB property guarantees that there is no need for any monetary support from an external agency for implementing the mechanism and there is no leakage of revenue.
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Chan, Wei-Chiao, and 詹惟喬. "Firms’ Decision Making for Bargaining Point with Product Externality and Compatibility under Declining Industry Environment." Thesis, 2010. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/35029712655401442606.
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碩士國立東華大學
企業管理學系
98
This research primarily discusses network externality and compatibility and how to influence firms under a declining industry environment. We know network externalities will increase more and more users and profit to buy a firm’s product in general, but not in a declining industry. But what if today is still the case under a declining industry environment? We find that if the firm produces products which have network externality features and compatibility, its’ profit declining rate will decrease under a harsh recession in an economic environment. The firms will have more time to stay in the market and develop some strategies to avoid exiting the market.
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黃柏文. "A Study of Digital TV User Interfaces Operation Environments- Compatibility Between Menu Layout and Control Device." Thesis, 2005. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/21844796552580752727.
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碩士國立交通大學
工業工程與管理系所
93
Digital TV (DTV) will become an important life commodity owing to government initiate implementation plan in 2006. Interactive services by DTV provided will have influence on consumer’s satisfaction. Thus, how to find out the compatibility of DTV interface design and control device is the main purpose of this research. Menu(List , Table, Un-structure ) x Control device( Arrow keys, Tracking ball, Touch Panel) Two Factorial Complex designs will be conducted in simulated living room. The experimental result shows the compatibility of tracking ball in three different menu layout is better than other control devices. The findings will be apply the design of DTV interface and control devices in the near future.
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Bouchut, A. "La compatibilité dans l'interaction Biomphalaria glabrata/Echinostoma caproni : Recherche de gènes candidats." Phd thesis, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00939152.
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Les interactions hôte-parasite entre mollusques et trématodes se caractérisent par un polymorphisme de compatibilité qui se manifeste par la présence de couples compatibles (hôte susceptible et/ou parasite virulent) et de couples incompatibles (hôte résistant et/ou parasite avirulent) en populations naturelles. Afin d'appréhender les déterminants moléculaires responsables de cette compatibilité différentielle entre le mollusque Biomphalaria glabrata et le trématode parasite Echinostoma caproni, plusieurs études moléculaires comparatives ont été réalisées sur deux souches de B. Glabrata, susceptible et résistante à E. Caproni. Des travaux antérieurs ayant mis en évidence des différences plasmatiques et hémocytaires entre ces souches, nos approches moléculaires ont été menées dans un premier temps sur ces compartiments biologiques. Nous avons développé (i) une approche protéomique pour comparer le contenu protéique de leur plasma et hémocytes, (ii) une approche transcriptomique plus ciblée sur les transcrits correspondant à des gènes potentiellement impliqués dans les processus d'adhérence dans les hémocytes. Enfin, les résultats obtenus nous ont conduits à réaliser une approche transcriptomique plus globale par banques soustractives sur mollusques entiers de façon à identifier d'autres gènes exprimés par d'autres compartiments ou tissus. Ces travaux nous ont permis d'identifier toute une série de candidats différentiellement représentés entre mollusques susceptibles et résistants et potentiellement impliqués dans les différences de compatibilité entre souches. Parmi eux, on trouve des gènes potentiellement impliqués dans (i) la reconnaissance du parasite et les voies de signalisation (Calcium binding Protein, glycosidases et C-type lectin), (ii) la mobilité et l'adhérence (protéines à domaines Von Willebrand, cadhérine, dermatopontines et protéine de filament intermédiaire), (iii) la régulation de l'expression des gènes (histone H4), ou encore (iv) des gènes codant les effecteurs de la réponse immunitaire (inhibiteurs de protéases, protéases et aplysianin).
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Khalaf, Roha W. "An approach to compatible new buildings in historic urban environments : case study in the Arabian Gulf region." Thèse, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/10213.
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Cette thèse contribue à l'état actuel des connaissances sur la compatibilité des nouveaux bâtiments avec les environnements urbains historiques. Elle suit un mode de présentation classique: Introduction, Revue de Littérature, Méthodologie, Résultats, Discussion et Conclusion. Le problème étudié est le manque d'orientation pour intégrer les processus de développement et de sauvegarde dans les contextes établis. La littérature récente révèle que les règles de préservation, aussi appelées normes et lignes directrices, ne peuvent pas garantir une relation compatible entre une intervention et son milieu. La pensée contemporaine dans le domaine de la conservation et de la gestion du patrimoine invite donc l’exploration d'autres moyens pour lier la nouvelle architecture à l'ancienne. Ainsi, le présent projet de recherche explore une approche alternative aux règles de préservation en vue d’atteindre le but de nouveaux bâtiments compatibles et d’améliorer la prise de décision fondée sur les valeurs. Pour produire des résultats spécifiques et convaincants, un cas a été sélectionné. Celui-ci est une ville dans la région du Golfe Arabe : la Ville de Koweït. Le résultat principal est le développement d’une approche, mise en œuvre en posant des questions approfondies sur le lieu, la conception et la construction des nouveaux bâtiments. Les questions suggérées dans la thèse mettent l’accent sur les valeurs patrimoniales et les choix de conception afin de permettre un changement réfléchi au sein des environnements urbains historiques. Elles aident aussi à évaluer les nouvelles propositions de projets au cas par cas. Pour démontrer comment cette approche pourrait être présentée et utilisée par les requérants et les évaluateurs, un modèle théorique est proposé. Ce modèle a ensuite été discuté avec des professionnels locaux et internationaux qui ont identifié ses forces et ses limites. En conclusion, l’ensemble des résultats montre que la mise à disposition de règles et / ou de questions approfondies n’est pas une solution satisfaisante puisqu’il y a d'autres enjeux importants qui devraient être abordés: comment appliquer l'orientation efficacement une fois qu’elle a été créée, comment développer la compétence liée à la prise de décision fondée sur les valeurs et comment insérer la conservation du patrimoine dans la mentalité du gouvernement local et des communautés. Lorsque ces enjeux seront traités, le patrimoine pourra devenir partie intégrante du processus de planification, ce qui est le but ultime. Enfin, cinq axes de recherche sont recommandés pour poursuivre l’exploration des idées introduites dans cette étude.This thesis contributes to the current state of knowledge on the compatibility of new buildings with historic urban environments. It follows a classic mode of presentation: Introduction, Literature Review, Methodology, Research Findings, Discussion and Conclusion. The problem under study is insufficient guidance to integrate the processes of development and safeguarding in established contexts. Recent literature reveals that preservation rules, also known as standards and design guidelines, cannot guarantee a compatible relationship between an intervention and its surroundings. Contemporary thinking in the field of heritage conservation and management, therefore, urges the exploration of other means for relating new architecture to old. Accordingly, the present research project explores an alternative approach to preservation rules with a view to achieving the goal of compatible new buildings and improving values-based decision-making. To generate specific and convincing results, a case study was selected. The latter is a city in the Arabian Gulf region: Kuwait City. The main research finding is the development of an approach, implemented by asking probing questions about the location, design and construction of new buildings. The questions suggested in the thesis put emphasis on heritage values and design options to enable thoughtful change in historic urban environments. They also help assess new project proposals on a case-by-case basis. To demonstrate how this approach might be presented to, and used by, applicants and evaluators, a theoretical model is proposed. This model was later discussed with local and international practitioners who identified its strengths and limitations. In conclusion, the overall research findings show that the provision of rules and/or probing questions is not a satisfactory solution because there are other important issues that must be addressed: how to effectively apply guidance once it has been created, how to develop the skill of values-based decision-making and how to embed heritage conservation in the mentality of local government and communities. When actions will be taken to deal with these issues, heritage could become a part of the planning process, which is the ultimate goal. Lastly, five research directions are recommended to further explore the ideas introduced in this study.
تساهم هذه الأطروحة في زيادة المعرفة المعاصرة بخصوص توافق المباني الجديدة مع المناطق المعمارية التراثية. إنها تتبع أسلوب النمط الكلاسيكي لعرض الأفكار: مقدمة، مراجعة الدراسات المعنية، جمع وتحليل المعلومات، نتائج، مناقشة، وخاتمة. فهي تتناول مشكلة نقص التوجيه لدمج عمليات التنمية والحماية في المناطق المعنية. الدراسات الأخيرة تشير إلى أن قوانين الحفاظ، المعروفة أيضا" بالمعايير والمبادئ التوجيهية للتصميم، لا تستطيع أن تضمن وجود علاقة توافق بين التدخل المعماري والمكان المحيط به. لذا التفكير المعاصر في مجال الحفاظ على التراث وإدارته يُشجع على إيجاد وسائل أخرى لربط العمارة الجديدة بالقديمة. وفقا" لذلك، مشروع البحث الحالي يبحث عن نهج بديل لقوانين الحفاظ بغاية تحقيق هدف التوافق المعماري وتحسين القرارات القائمة على القيم. للحصول على نتائج دقيقة ومقنعة، تم إختيار ودرس حالة وهي مدينة في منطقة الخليج العربي: مدينة الكويت. النتيجة الرئيسية للبحث هي تكوين نهج يمكن تطبيقه بطرح أسئلة إستفسارية عن موقع وتصميم وبناء المباني الجديدة. والأسئلة المقترحة في الأطروحة تركز على القيم التراثية وخيارات التصميم للحصول على تغيير مدروس في المناطق المعنية. كما أنها تساعد على تقييم مقترحات المشاريع الجديدة. لإظهار كيف يمكن أن يُقدم ويُستخدم هذا النهج من قبل المصممين والمقيمين، تم تكوين نموذج نظري . و قد نوقش هذا النموذج مع مهنيين محليين ودوليين حيث قاموا بتحديد نقاط قوته وقيوده. وتشيرالنتائج الإجمالية إلى أن توفير القوانين و/أو الأسئلة الإستفسارية ليس حلا" مرضيا" لأنه يوجد مسائل أخرى لابد من معالجتها: كيفية تطبيق التوجيه بشكل فعلي عندما يتم إنشاؤه، وكيفية تطوير مهارة أخذ القرارات القائمة على القيم، وكيفية إدخال المحافظة على التراث بعقلية الحكومة المحلية والمجتمع. عندما تعالج تلك المسائل يمكن للتراث أن يصبح جزءا" من عملية التخطيط. فهذا هو الهدف النهائي. وأخيرا"، يُنصح بأخذ خمس إتجاهات بحثية لمواصلة التحقق من الأفكار التي وردت في هذه الدراسة