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Journal articles on the topic 'Environmental charter'

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Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 1 February 2022

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1

Rogers, James E. "Adopting and implementing a corporate environmental charter." Business Horizons 35, no. 2 (March 1992): 29–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0007-6813(05)80191-0.

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2

Aguila, Yann, and Lionel Chami. "A New Environmental Charter for the Future." Environmental Policy and Law 50, no. 6 (May 11, 2021): 531–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/epl-209008.

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The environmental crisis compels humanity to redefine its relationship with nature. This calls for the principles that would guide the new pathway to be outlined and enshrined into a global treaty. An environmental charter for the future would serve the purpose of a social contract and define the norms which would allow humanity to coexist with its natural environment. In this context, this article argues that faith in the international system could be restored by a global agreement on the basic principles which are to guide the new system for international environmental governance. It will thus first focus on (i) exposing the merits of principles in a legal system, (ii) tackling the purely technical vision that weakens both the creation and implementation of international environmental law and (iii) finally, it will make the case for a global environmental charter that would enshrine fundamental principles and rejuvenate the values that founded the international system.
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3

Whitehurst, G. "Services for drug users. Charter—what charter?" Journal of Substance Misuse 1, no. 1 (January 1996): 56–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/14659899609094720.

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4

Walde, Thomas W. "European Energy Charter Conference: Final Act, Energy Charter Treaty, Decisions and Energy Charter Protocol on Energy Efficiency and Related Environmental Aspects." International Legal Materials 34, no. 2 (March 1995): 360–454. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0020782900013759.

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5

Attfield, Robin. "Beyond the Earth Charter." Environmental Ethics 29, no. 4 (2007): 359–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.5840/enviroethics200729439.

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6

Jay, Xanthe. "A charter for the environment." Science of The Total Environment 106, no. 1-2 (July 1991): 175–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0048-9697(91)90031-9.

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7

Asvall, J. E. "European Charter on Environment and Health." Archives of Environmental Health: An International Journal 45, no. 4 (August 1990): 199–201. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00039896.1990.9940802.

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8

Edet, Emmanuel. "Children and The Citizens Charter." Journal of the Royal Society of Health 112, no. 4 (August 1992): 177–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/146642409211200406.

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9

Bourg, Dominique, and Kerry H. Whiteside. "France's Charter for the Environment: Of Presidents, Principles and Environmental Protection." Modern & Contemporary France 15, no. 2 (May 2007): 117–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09639480701299921.

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10

Humblet, Florence, and Kabir Duggal. "If You Are Not Part of the Solution, You Are the Problem: Article 37 of the EU Charter as a Defence for Climate Change and Environmental Measures in Investor-State Arbitrations – Joint 2nd Prize Winner Essay competition 2020." European Investment Law and Arbitration Review Online 5, no. 1 (December 11, 2020): 265–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/24689017_011.

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Climate change is severely impacting the survival of humankind on earth. In the European Union (EU), the Charter of Fundamental Rights (EU Charter) codifies environmental protection as part of the EU’s corpus of fundamental rights protection and states that “a high level of environmental protection and the improvement of the quality of the environment must be integrated into the policies of the EU and ensured in accordance with the principle of sustainable development”. By virtue of this article, the EU has elevated environmental protection to the level of constitutionality. Environmental concerns have played a critical role in investor-state arbitration. This article submits that Article 37 of the EU Charter might be a viable defence for Member States of the EU (Member States) that adopt climate change and environmental measures. Such defence would not consist of a jurisdictional challenge based on the Achmea decision but of a defence based on the applicable law which protects the notion of sustainable investment enshrined in the applicable international investment agreement. Article 37 of the EU Charter could, therefore, operate a powerful tool to foster environmental protection in investor-state disputes and, therefore, address one of the most widespread complaints in the backlash against investor-state arbitration.
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11

Bosselmann, Klaus. "In Search of Global Law: The Significance of the Earth Charter." Worldviews: Global Religions, Culture, and Ecology 8, no. 1 (2004): 62–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/1568535041337766.

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AbstractWestern legal traditions are anthropocentric in character and largely hostile to ecological principles. However, domestic and international environmental law show signs of an ecocentric orientation. In the search for a legal framework for ecologically sustainable development the Earth Charter marks an important step forward. Among its ground-breaking principles are ecologically defined concepts of sustainability, justice and rights.
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12

Hancock, Trevor. "The Ottawa Charter at 25." Canadian Journal of Public Health 102, no. 6 (November 2011): 404–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf03404186.

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13

Kotzé, Louis. "A Global Environmental Constitution for the Anthropocene?" Transnational Environmental Law 8, no. 1 (November 8, 2018): 11–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s2047102518000274.

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AbstractInternational environmental law (IEL) has been unable to respond effectively to the Anthropocene’s global socio-ecological crisis, which is critically existential and requires radical interventions and regulatory reform. This article explores the potential of the recent United Nations (UN)-backed initiative to adopt a Global Pact for the Environment as an opportunity to reform IEL. It does so by (i) reflecting on the Anthropocene’s demands for a constitutionalized form of IEL through the lens of global environmental constitutionalism; (ii) investigating the extent to which the Global Pact could contribute to such a vision; and (iii) suggesting ways in which to strengthen the constitutional potential of the Global Pact in this endeavour. To this end, the article revisits the World Charter for Nature of 1982, which seems to have slipped off the radar in academic as well as policy circles. A case is made for renewed support of the Charter – which already enjoys the backing of the majority of UN General Assembly member states, and which has constitutional qualities – to serve as a ‘best-practice’ example during the ensuing negotiation of the Global Pact.
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14

Tucker, Mary Evelyn. "World Religions, the Earth Charter, and Sustainability." Worldviews: Global Religions, Culture, and Ecology 12, no. 2-3 (2008): 115–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156853508x359930.

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AbstractThis article argues the global environmental crisis shows the need for a broad, inclusive definition of sustainability. It shows how religious traditions can help contribute to broader definitions, and describes how work from the field of Religion and Ecology has developed resources. It argues that the next step for the study of Religion and Ecology is to address sustainability, and then proposes that the Earth Charter provides an orienting framework for that engagement of religion and sustainability.
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15

Hoseini, Shadi Sadat, and Seyed Ali Siadat. "Investigating the Rate of Applying the Ethic’s Charter Components and its relation to Power Management Components in Isfahan Educational Departments." International Research in Education 4, no. 1 (March 4, 2016): 56. http://dx.doi.org/10.5296/ire.v4i1.9144.

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<p>The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between legal power and the ethic’s charter components applying. This study is a descriptive cross-functional. The population consisted of 1,539 managers, planners and experts in education departments of Isfahan; the 220 out of that were selected as study’s sample by Morgan and stratified random sampling with the population size based on their business and position. In the present study, two questionnaires were used for collecting data; power supplies questionnaire and component of ethics charter inventory. The results show that: (1) The component of ethics charter, administrative, environmental and personal-care have no legal relation with using managers, planners and experts from the legal power source. (2) There is a significant relationship between the power source reference and the rate of applying the ethics charter, administrative, environmental, personal and caring components from the managers, planners and experts’ point of view. (3) There is a significant relationship between the reward and the application of ethic’s charter components sin managers, planners and experts of the departments of Educational systems in Isfahan. (4) The punishment’spower source has its effects only on three thics charter’s environmental component in managers, planners and agencies’ experts of Isfahan and can remain in the regression equation, while the mentioned power source has no effect on management component and personal-care of managers, planners and experts. (6) There is no meaningful relationship between the level of expertise and the application of ethics’ charter component among the managers, planners and experts of Isfahan educational departments. (7) There is no meaningful difference between the power source and the application of ethics’ charter component among managers, planners and experts of Isfahan educational departments in terms of the components of the age, sex and position.</p>
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16

Lange, Cheryl M., and Camilla A. Lehr. "Charter Schools and Students with Disabilities." Remedial and Special Education 21, no. 3 (May 2000): 141–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/074193250002100303.

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17

Estes, Mary Bailey. "Charter Schools and Students With Disabilities." Remedial and Special Education 30, no. 4 (June 17, 2008): 216–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0741932508315647.

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18

Kahan, David, Thomas L. McKenzie, and Ashna Khatri. "U.S. charter schools neglect promoting physical activity: Content analysis of nationally representative elementary charter school websites." Preventive Medicine Reports 14 (June 2019): 100815. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.pmedr.2019.01.019.

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19

Labonte, R. "Toward a post-Charter health promotion." Health Promotion International 26, suppl 2 (November 12, 2011): ii183—ii186. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/heapro/dar062.

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20

Corcoran, Peter Blaze. "The Values of the Earth Charter in Education for Sustainable Development." Australian Journal of Environmental Education 18 (January 2002): 77–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0814062600001154.

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As never before in history, common destiny beckons us to seek a new beginning…. This requires a change of mind and heart. It requires a new sense of global interdependence and universal responsibility. We must imaginatively develop and apply the vision of a sustainable way of life locally, nationally, regionally, and globally. Our cultural diversity is a precious heritage and different cultures will find their own distinctive ways to realize the vision. We must deepen and expand the global dialogue that generated the Earth Charter, for we have much to learn from the ongoing collaborative search for truth and wisdom (The Earth Charter, The Way Forward).Such advancement of high-minded values, such changes of mind and heart, and such senses of interdependence and responsibility across culture can only be achieved through education. Realising culturally rooted visions of sustainability and searching for cross-cultural collaboration is, inherently, a process of education. The Earth Charter Initiative has said from the beginning that the Earth Charter is an educational resource of significant value.The art and science of teaching about, from, with, and for the Earth Charter offers a promising pedagogy for exploring such shared values and global ethics. Many of the problems we face are ethical problems. Therefore, the solutions must be solutions to which ethics point.
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21

MacGregor, Sherilyn. "Reading the earth charter: cosmopolitan environmental citizenship or light green politics as usual?" Ethics, Place & Environment 7, no. 1-2 (March 2004): 85–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/1366879042000264796.

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22

Zuo, Mengxue. "Modernisation of the Energy Charter Treaty in Environmental Protection: Challenges and China’s Role." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 687, no. 1 (March 1, 2021): 012208. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/687/1/012208.

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23

Abekah‐Nkrumah, Gordon, Abubakar Manu, and Roger Ayimbillah Atinga. "Assessing the implementation of Ghana's Patient Charter." Health Education 110, no. 3 (April 20, 2010): 169–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/09654281011038840.

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24

Spellerberg, Ian S., Graeme D. Buchan, and Nick Early. "Television and environmental sustainability: Arguing a case for a code of standards in NZ." Pacific Journalism Review : Te Koakoa 12, no. 2 (September 1, 2006): 137–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.24135/pjr.v12i2.866.

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This article explores the portrayal of the environment and environmental sustainability by free-to-air network television in New Zealand. The results are based on a three-month survey of a) the portrayal of the use and treatment of the environment, and b) the reporting of environmental news. While television includes environmentally-oriented programmes (eg. some BBC Horizon documentaries), there are no regular programmes about the state of the environment, sustainable use of resources and energy, and there is no regular environmental slot in the news in New Zealand. Some programmes and advertisements are environmentally unfriendly and a few trivialise resource abuse. It is argued that the media has an ‘orchestrational’ influence on social norms and behaviours, and that to eliminate counter-messages requires the addition of a new ‘environmental standard’ to the Code of Broadcasting Practice. It is also argued that coverage of environmental news is quite narrow and, in the case of Television New Zealand, inconsistent with the stated aims of the Television Charter. New Zealand television could and should make a valuable contribution to environmental sustainability.
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25

Cohodes, Sarah. "Charter Schools and the Achievement Gap." Future of Children 1000, no. 1 (2018): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/foc.2018.0008.

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26

Renzulli, Linda A. "Entrepreneurial Ambitions in the Public Sector." education policy analysis archives 10 (April 10, 2002): 19. http://dx.doi.org/10.14507/epaa.v10n19.2002.

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In this article, I study charter schools as social innovations within the population of established public educational institutions. I begin by briefly outlining the history of public schools in the United States. Organizational theories are applied to explain the perpetuation of the structure of public schools since World War II. Next, I delineate the characteristics of educational reform movements in the United States by focusing on the charter school movement. Then, I use an evolutionary approach to study the environmental characteristics that drive the perceived need for innovation and the promotion of experimentation. Using data compiled from the North Carolina Department of Public Instruction, the Census Bureau, and North Carolina State Data Center, I examine the characteristics of the local environment that promotes the submission of charter school applications in North Carolina over a three-year period, 1996-1998. It is shown that school districts in need of school choice do have a higher mean charter school submission rate. Also, some community characteristics and available resources are important for the initial stage of charter school formation.
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27

Christie, Bob. "Friends of the Earth, "The Environmental Charter for Local Government - Practical Recommendations" (Book Review)." Town Planning Review 62, no. 1 (January 1991): 117. http://dx.doi.org/10.3828/tpr.62.1.01m6134278v78512.

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28

Gruenewald, David A. "A Foucauldian Analysis of Environmental Education: Toward the Socioecological Challenge of the Earth Charter." Curriculum Inquiry 34, no. 1 (January 2004): 71–107. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-873x.2004.00281.x.

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29

Sadeleer, Nicolas de. "Enforcing EUCHR Principles and Fundamental Rights in Environmental Cases." Nordic Journal of International Law 81, no. 1 (2012): 39–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/157181011x618758.

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So far, EU treaty law does not encapsulate any individually justiciable rights to a clean environment or to health. The article explores whether individuals can rely on the environmental duties embodied in the European Union Charter of Human Rights (EUCHR), and the European Convention on Human Rights (ECHR) in cases falling within the scope of EU environmental law. Moreover, it takes a close examination of the case law of both the Court of Justice of the European Union and the European Court of Human Rights regarding the standing of individuals whose environment is impaired.
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30

Sumioka, Toshihiro. "Research on the charter system in Georgia, USA." Impact 2021, no. 7 (September 14, 2021): 12–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.21820/23987073.2021.7.12.

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Education is invaluable for equipping young people with important knowledge and life skills. Many countries have publicly-funded education systems but politics related to funding can lead to inequalities in access to education for different communities. Professor Toshihiro Sumioka, Faculty of Education, Oita University, Japan, believes that recent educational reforms that strengthen privatisation, deregulation and accountability have increased segregation and division between ethnic groups and promoted academic disparity among these communities. He specialises in educational administration history in pedagogy and conducts historical analyses on school segregation in the US. A key focus for Sumioka is on the role that public education has played in the US in contributing to racial discrimination, economic disparity and academic disparity and he is particularly interested in the experience of the African American community with public education. In recent work, he is looking at development from the state of Georgia that pertains to charter schools and increasing the power of local districts such as charter system and the lessons learned from such research can be applied to other countries, including Japan where the effect of the privatization of public education on minorities has become an issue. In his work, Sumioka will speak with African American students, newspapers and organizations like the NAACP to understand the impacts of the move to privatisation-based reform and deregulation.
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31

Gentimir, Alina. "ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AS FUNDAMENTAL RIGHT GUARANTEED TO THE EUROPEAN LEVEL." Present Environment and Sustainable Development 14, no. 2 (October 14, 2020): 121–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.15551/pesd2020142009.

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The article examines, in a comparative perspective, both legal framework of the European Union and Council of Europe and case law of the Court of Justice of European Union and European Court of Human Rights in order to highlight superior level of the right to a healthy environment European protection. The multitude of concepts related to the environmental protection and their connections require compulsory conceptual delimitations. As other international and regional organizations, the European Union expresses interest in environmental protection, consecrating to it numerous legal instruments, the most relevant of these, in terms of human rights, being the Charter of Fundamental Rights, in which (Article 37) is provided expressly that environmental protection is a fundamental right, unlike the Council of Europe where this right is recognized only as an indirect right. Affiliation of this right to a certain category of rights – global rights, solidarity rights or individual or collective rights – has been a source of both doctrinal and jurisprudential disputes. Genuine interdependence with other fundamental rights such as the right to life, the right to private and family life, right to property and right to information ensues from the substance of the right to protection of the environment. The presentation of the principles which outline the content of the right in discussion emphasizes that the Charter text was drafted in accordance with the latest developments in the field of normative and jurisprudential environment established at international, regional and national levels, respectively, in interaction with the principle of sustainable development. Finally, an analysis of the most frequent modalities of environmental degradation contributes to find proper mechanisms for a better guarantee of the respect of environmental protection as a fundamental right.
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32

Mackey, Brendan. "The Earth Charter and Ecological Integrity—Some Policy Implications." Worldviews: Global Religions, Culture, and Ecology 8, no. 1 (2004): 76–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/1568535041337711.

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AbstractThe concept of ecological integrity is deeply embedded within the Earth Charter. Ecological integrity refers to the full functioning of a suite of natural processes. "Natural" refers to processes that exist without human input. Arguments against the scientifi c validity of ecological integrity are based on the proposition that the current state of ecological systems merely refl ects past contingencies and consequently there is no natural, healthy condition that can be prescribed scientifi cally. Hence, nature conservation and environmental management goals are a matter of individual and social values and priorities. This argument can be rejected largely on the grounds that integrity of ecosystem processes can be empirically demonstrated, and that the continued wellbeing of humanity depends on the ecological integrity of various natural processes known as Earth's life support systems. The main policy implications of ecological integrityfl ow from accepting that the future wellbeing of the human endeavour is irrevocably coupled to the ongoing integrity of the total Earth system. The caring and compassionate attitude towards wild animals also promoted by the Earth Charter provides additional moral impetus to protecting habitat in situ and consequently ecological integrity. Protecting ecological integrity will require both reorientating the human endeavour towards new patterns of production and consumption together with a commitment to making room for wild nature.
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33

Eliantonio, Mariolina. "The relationship between EU secondary rules and the principles of effectiveness and effective judicial protection in environmental matters: towards a new dawn for the 'language of rights'?" Review of European Administrative Law 12, no. 2 (December 31, 2019): 95–116. http://dx.doi.org/10.7590/187479819x15840066091349.

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Environmental policy is an area which has been quite heavily proceduralised and is a rather peculiar example of 'multi-level proceduralisation' because of the presence of the Aarhus Convention. This paper explores the relevant procedural provisions taken in the field of environmental law and in particular in implementation of the Aarhus Convention, and examines the case law which has involved these provisions. This case law is specifically discussed as concerns the way in which the Court of Justice deals with the interaction between the relevant secondary rules and the general principles of effectiveness and effective judicial protection, as well as Article 47 of the Charter of Fundamental Rights concerning the right to an effective remedy. It is shown that it is difficult to distill a consistent approach on the part of the Court with regards to this interaction, and that much depends on the specifics of the case and the question posed by the referring court. However, with the latest case law, despite the apparent lack of underlying rights which would be able to trigger the applicability of the Charter of Fundamental Rights, the Court of Justice seems to be moving towards a heavier involvement of Article 47 of the Charter and, consequently, of a 'language of rights', which increasingly plays a pivotal role in boosting the effectiveness of the Aarhus Convention.
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34

Needham, L. L., D. G. Patterson, V. W. Burse, D. C. Paschal, W. E. Turner, and R. H. Hill. "Reference Range Data for Assessing Exposure To Selected Environmental Toxicants." Toxicology and Industrial Health 12, no. 3-4 (May 1996): 507–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/074823379601200322.

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We analyzed blood and urine specimens from 32 charter boat captains, anglers, and spouses from both groups, who reportedly ate fish from Lakes Michigan, Huron, or Erie, for selected environmental toxicants. The toxicants measured in serum were polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDDs), polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDFs), coplanar polychlorinated biphenyls, other polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), and persistent pesticides. Nonpersistent pesticides and elements were measured in urine; and elements were measured in blood. Internal dose levels of these toxicants will be compared to reference range data that we have compiled. These reference range data will be used to ascertain the exposure status of individuals or groups within this study.
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35

Labonte, Ron. "Health Promotion: Ten Years On from the Ottawa Charter." Australian Journal of Primary Health 2, no. 4 (1996): 7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/py96051.

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Good morning all, and a warm hello! It's a treat to be here in Hobart with a roomful of dedicated and compassionate souls, bringing a warmth of collegiality to the chill of an almost Canadian winter. I emphasise the almost. How many of you have every walked a dog in minus 50 degree weather. Weather that's so damn invigorating that if you survive it you immediately shuffle off in gratitude to Ottawa, the nation's capital, and cheerfully spend a week writing the Ottawa Charter for Health Promotion; the small-typed Canadian version of which includes as one of the basic health prerequisites electrical plug-ins for engine blocks to prevent the oil freezing?
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Burkle, Frederick M. "United Nations Charter, Chapter VII, Article 43: Now or Never." Disaster Medicine and Public Health Preparedness 13, no. 4 (April 25, 2018): 655–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/dmp.2018.43.

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ABSTRACTFor more than 75 years, the United Nations Charter has functioned without the benefit of Chapter VII, Article 43, which commits all United Nations member states “to make available to the Security Council, on its call, armed forces, assistance, facilities, including rights of passage necessary for the purpose of maintaining international peace and security.” The consequences imposed by this 1945 decision have had a dramatic negative impact on the United Nation’s functional capacity as a global body for peace and security. This article summarizes the struggle to implement Article 43 over the decades from the onset of the Cold War, through diplomatic attempts during the post–Cold War era, to current and often controversial attempts to provide some semblance of conflict containment through peace enforcement missions. The rapid growth of globalization and the capability of many nations to provide democratic protections to their populations are again threatened by superpower hegemony and the development of novel unconventional global threats. The survival of the United Nations requires many long overdue organizational structure and governance power reforms, including implementation of a robust United Nations Standing Task Force under Article 43. (Disaster Med Public Health Preparedness. 2018;13:655–662)
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37

Tilford, Sylvia. "From the Ottawa Charter 1986 to the Vienna Declaration 2016." International Journal of Health Promotion and Education 55, no. 3 (May 2017): 173–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14635240.2017.1307321.

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38

Fuselli, P., B. Hagel, and R. Stanwick. "Vancouver Charter: bringing ski and snowboard helmet legislation to Canada." Injury Prevention 16, Supplement 1 (September 1, 2010): A88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/ip.2010.029215.320.

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39

Landamore, Melanie, Richard Birmingham, and Richard Birmingham. "Establishing the Economic and Environmental Life-Cycle Costs of Marine Systems: A Case Study From the Recreational Craft Sector." Marine Technology and SNAME News 44, no. 02 (April 1, 2007): 106–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.5957/mt1.2007.44.2.106.

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This paper presents a robust methodology for the investigation of economic and environmental costs within a marine system. It describes the methods used to establish system life-cycle costs, and compares them with their environmental effects to establish the cost-benefit of reducing environmental hazards (Landamore et al. 2006: Life Cycle and Cost Benefit Analysis of Selected Technologies for Sustainable Inland Boating, Newcastle University, January). The case study is a small inland charter boat, operating on the Norfolk Broads, with varying options for powering, hull material, and graywater (GW) treatment. The principles described in this paper can be used to guide the efficient, cost-effective design of any system along sustainable principles. Environmental life-cycle analysis is performed, and the economic cost of each alternative is established. The results presented in the paper show that the majority of systems are cost effective for reducing environmental impact. In addition, a number of systems can be implemented without extra cost, though it is demonstrated that the high cost of the most environmentally effective technologies makes them an inefficient use of resources.
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40

Ojo, Olayinka Oluwamuyiwa. "Enforceability of Environmental Rights: A Possible Panacea to Man’s Environmental Imbroglio – Nigeria’s Niger-Delta as a Case Study." Afrika Focus 33, no. 1 (February 27, 2020): 125–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/2031356x-03301008.

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This research examines the potential of a human rights-based approach to address the environmental problems affecting Nigeria’s Niger Delta and the world at large. This research critically assesses the various environmental legislation and policies in Nigeria, and interrogates why, despite the enactment of an environmental provision in Section 20 of the Constitution, gross environmental injustice has occurred in the country. Further discussion on the methods and strategies that can be used to guarantee access to the Court, as well as enforcing the right to a healthy environment in Nigeria, despite the current provision of the Constitution, are elucidated. This research argues that a constitutionally enforceable right to a healthy environment, a full implementation of the African Charter on Human and Peoples’ Rights, the establishment of Environmental Courts and Tribunals (ECT), comprehensive and quantitative environmental citizen education, as well as the empowerment of environmental NGOs, may be the solution to the environmental challenges currently faced in Nigeria’s Niger Delta as well as the entire country.
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41

Grossman, Richard L., Frank T. Adams, and Charles Levenstein. "Taking Care of Business: Citizenship and the Charter of Incorporation." NEW SOLUTIONS: A Journal of Environmental and Occupational Health Policy 3, no. 3 (November 1993): 7–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.2190/ns3.3.c.

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In this commentary, Richard L. Grossman and Frank T. Adams examine the history of industry-community relations. The authors learn that those who guided the development of our country never intended business and industry to have an unlimited license to seek profit at the expense of the common weal. Grossman and Adams argue that charters can be resurrected as a tool to place corporations under citizen authority. Their study, in effect, offers the environmental, occupational health, and labor movements an exciting new strategy with many new tactics in their grassroots battles against corporate polluters and union busters. Their history and proposab should get full consideration, a good airing, and real-life testing. New Solutions is pleased to present this analysis and invites readers' responses to it. We welcome responses that take the form of either letters or full-scale commentaries. We encourage readers to purchase and disseminate the pamphlet from which this commentary is taken, available from the authors, which includes extensive notes and a selected bwlwgraphy. For information, see the box at the end of the article.
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Masumy, Naimeh. "The Role of the Energy Charter Treaty in Fostering and Promoting Energy Efficiency and Sustainable Development." Groningen Journal of International Law 7, no. 1 (August 27, 2019): 64–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.21827/5d5141ce0a7e1.

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The paper aims to critically analyze whether the Energy Charter Treaty (hereafter “ECT”) can be considered a viable instrument to foster and safeguard the concept of sustainable development, whilst simultaneously promoting foreign investment. First, an overview of the investment protection regime under ECT will be set out, assessing whether or not the ECT ensures that investments are in line with environmentally sound practices. Secondly, this study examines whether references to energy efficiency and environmental concern could signify that this treaty does not only place importance on investment protection, but also considers energy efficiency an equally important objective. Subsequently, this paper will argue that whilst the ECT can be read as promoting sustainable development, this goal is often not realized when the ECT provisions are applied in reality. Finally, the article will propose some reforms that could be made to the ECT which ensures observing key issue related to energy efficiency and sustainable development.
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Gough, Annette. "A Long, Winding (and Rocky) Road to Environmental Education for Sustainability in 2006." Australian Journal of Environmental Education 22, no. 1 (2006): 71–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0814062600001671.

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AbstractThis article charts the history of environmental education over four decades - from the 1960s to 2006 - as a rocky road of determined chocolate with the possibilities of rocks (nuts) and easy passage (marshmallow). There were distractions such as suggestions of changing names and new directions (add fruit?) along the way but the road has continued to be well travelled. The article concludes that there is much in common with where we have come from (the 1975 Belgrade Charter) and where we stand now (in year 2 of the United Nations Decade of Education for Sustainable Development). Where next?
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Paradis, Gilles. "Public Health and the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms." Canadian Journal of Public Health 102, no. 6 (November 2011): 403. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf03404185.

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Waitoller, Federico R., and Daniel M. Maggin. "Can Charter Schools Address Racial Inequities Evidenced in Access to the General Education Classroom? A Longitudinal Study in Chicago Public Schools." Remedial and Special Education 41, no. 3 (September 19, 2018): 127–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0741932518800392.

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This study presents a longitudinal analysis of racial inequities evidenced in placement patterns in the least restrictive environment (LRE). We compared placement trends in neighborhoods and charter schools for Black and White students receiving special education services (SRSES). Drawing from the concept of institutional isomorphism and using a longitudinal analysis of odds ratio, we examined annual school data from 2008 to 2012 on students’ placement in the LRE in Chicago Public Schools (CPS). Our findings indicate that over time charter schools mirror neighborhood schools’ (NS) racial inequities evidenced in access to general education classrooms.
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Newman, Elaine. "The Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms: Implications for Involuntary Admission." Canadian Journal of Community Mental Health 4, no. 1 (April 1, 1985): 5–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.7870/cjcmh-1985-0001.

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The paper poses a challenge to the medical and legal professions. Our Charter of Rights and Freedoms defines the standard for government intervention in the lives of the citizens of Canada. It has an immediate and significant impact upon involuntary admissions to psychiatric facilities, in as much as those admissions constitute a deprivation of liberty to the individual. The challenge to our professions is one of reviewing present practice in the field, and of reconciling the need for effective administration of health care systems with the protective standards set by the Charter.
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Marrani, David. "The Second Anniversary of the Constitutionalisation of the French Charter for the Environment: Constitutional and Environmental Implications." Environmental Law Review 10, no. 1 (February 2008): 9–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1350/enlr.2008.10.1.002.

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Warren, J. L. "A Voice for Earth: American Writers Respond to the Earth Charter." Interdisciplinary Studies in Literature and Environment 17, no. 2 (April 1, 2010): 442–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/isle/isq027.

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Morris, Virginia, and M. Christiane Bourloyannis. "The Work of the Sixth Committee at the Forty-seventh Session of the UN General Assembly." American Journal of International Law 87, no. 2 (April 1993): 306–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2203826.

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At the forty-seventh session of the General Assembly, the Sixth Committee1reviewed the annual reports of the International Law Commission (ILC), the United Nations Commission on International Trade Law (UNCITRAL), the Special Committee on the Charter of the United Nations and on the Strengthening of the Role of the Organization (Charter Committee), and the Committee on Relations with the Host Country. The Sixth Committee also considered proposals for new legal instruments relating to some aspects of sovereign immunity, consular functions, the diplomatic courier and bag, and environmental protection in wartime; a proposal to request an advisory opinion from the International Court of Justice on questions relating to extraterritorial jurisdiction; and aspects of such other topics as national liberation movements, humanitarian law, protection of diplomats, and the United Nations Decade of International Law.
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Parker, Robert J., Elizabeth J. Elliott, Adeli Georga, and Michael Booth. "Developing a Charter of Physical Activity and Sport for Children and Youth." Australian and New Zealand Journal of Public Health 27, no. 5 (October 2003): 517–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-842x.2003.tb00825.x.

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