Journal articles: 'Environmental auditing Australia Evaluation'

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Turner, G. W., and R. M. C. Ruffio. "Environmental Auditing for Nonpoint Source Pollution Control in a Region of New South Wales (Australia)." Water Science and Technology 28, no. 3-5 (August 1, 1993): 301–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1993.0431.

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The concept of environmental auditing of point source pollution has been adapted to nonpoint source pollution in rural lands. Geographic Information Systems (GIS) and other information technologies provide an effective environmental management tool for characterising nonpoint source (NPS) pollution in a regional context and thereby can assist the environmental auditing process. Nonpoint source pollution problems of rural watersheds in Australia, particularly those in the state of New South Wales, and the role of the state's environment protection agency are outlined. A case study that applies an auditing methodology using GIS in a study area within the Lachlan River catchment is presented. The suitability of the approach for land condition evaluation and the review of land use controls for nonpoint source pollution is discussed.

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Carlsen, Jack. "Economic Evaluation of Recreation and Tourism in Natural Areas: A Case Study in New South Wales, Australia." Tourism Economics 3, no. 3 (September 1997): 227–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/135481669700300302.

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Provision of information for the purposes of evaluating and monitoring recreation and tourism land use is a conceptually difficult task for economists and land managers. A range of techniques has been developed since the pioneering work of Clawson and Knetsch in the 1960s to estimate the market value of recreation and tourism in natural areas. These techniques involve a number of conceptual and practical difficulties when used for environmental auditing and evaluation purposes. This article outlines the process of evaluating recreation and tourism on public lands in order to provide information for an environmental audit of the Upper North East region of New South Wales. The range of market and non-market values associated with tourism and recreation on public lands is based on existing studies of the region. The values of commercial production, recreation and tourism on public lands are compared within a structural model (input–output) of the regional economy.

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Zutshi, Ambika, and Amrik S. Sohal. "Environmental management systems auditing: auditors experiences in Australia." International Journal of Environment and Sustainable Development 1, no. 1 (2002): 73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/ijesd.2002.000719.

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Bailey, John, Valerie Hobbs, and Angus Saunders. "Environmental auditing: Artificial waterway developments in Western Australia." Journal of Environmental Management 34, no. 1 (January 1992): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0301-4797(05)80106-9.

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Buckley, Ralf. "Auditing the precision and accuracy of environmental impact predictions in Australia." Environmental Monitoring and Assessment 18, no. 1 (July 1991): 1–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00394475.

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Deegan, C. M. "ENVIRONMENTAL REPORTING IN AUSTRALIA: THE PAST, THE PRESENT ANDTHE FUTURE." APPEA Journal 40, no. 1 (2000): 617. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/aj99041.

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This paper provides an overview of Australian environmental reporting. Specifically, the topics to be considered include: a brief consideration of trends in environmental reporting together with an overview of industry initiatives to encourage environmental reporting; an overview of regulation pertaining to environmental reporting; an overview of trends towards the practice of sustainable development reporting with particular reference to triple bottom line reporting; an examination of social accounting and social auditing; an investigation of the linkage between social and environmental reporting and financial accounting; and, projections about the future of social and environmental reporting.

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Shafie, Farah Ayuni, Dasimah Omar, and Subramaniam Karuppanan. "Environmental Risk Evaluation of a Sanitary Landfill using Life Cycle Analysis Approach." Asian Journal of Environment-Behaviour Studies 3, no. 8 (May 22, 2018): 89–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.21834/aje-bs.v3i8.282.

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An Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) auditing was carried out at a sanitary landfill in Kuala Langat, Selangor, Malaysia. It was conducted to assess the environmental and health impact of the landfill. The study also includes an environmental risk index and life cycle analysis (LCA) approach to evaluate the facility. The auditing arrives with a conclusion that this facility might pose a hazard to the environment and health if no adequate control measures are taken consistently. Environmental auditing and LCA simulation could become an essential tool in the monitoring of urban planning and development. Keywords: urban planning, environmental health impacts, environmental management eISSN 2514-751X © 2018. The Authors. Published for AMER ABRA cE-Bs by e-International Publishing House, Ltd., UK. This is an open-access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/). Peer–review under responsibility of AMER (Association of Malaysian Environment-Behaviour Researchers), ABRA (Association of Behavioural Researchers on Asians) and cE-Bs (Centre for Environment-Behaviour Studies), Faculty of Architecture, Planning & Surveying, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia. https://doi.org/10.21834/aje-bs.v3i8.282

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Schlafrig, J., J. Sturman, G. Ho, and K. Mathew. "Water auditing: the case for statutory requirements." Water Supply 8, no. 6 (December 1, 2008): 597–601. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/ws.2008.112.

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Drought across swathes of Australia, highlights our need for water conservation in addition to seeking new sources of water (demand and supply-side resource options). Water conservation or efficiency improvement is currently a non-systematic process along the lines of ‘if we do such and such then we will save so much water’. Such an approach is ad-hoc and only has the appearance of being ‘quantitative’. We would class it as qualitative, or maybe advanced qualitative water conservation. True quantitative or structured water auditing of non-domestic water consumption is an iterative, systematic and documented process of obtaining reliable use data, validated by a closure approach. Opportunities are identified for water use reduction, water reuse, recycling and for water resource substitution. Financial assessment of savings in cost against cost of measures will provide a payback period. A water management strategy or Water Management Plan (WMP) as it is known in Victoria, Australia, is devised which is consistent with legal requirements, the enterprise's environmental policy and its movement towards sustainable development. Regulators have legislated for mandatory WMPs and audits in Victoria, but this is the only state so far to do this. Mandatory water auditing should be an uncontested choice as it can only provide a win:win situation regulation to the private sector. We argue that only the systematic process provided by structural water auditing constitutes quantitative water conservation. Further, statutory obligation for water users to engage in the water auditing process will give the broad, systematic quantitative information, and based upon which optimal water management strategies or WMPs can be devised. This will ensure a rational approach to our future water needs and the needs of our environment. It is anticipated that voluntary auditing in the arenas not mandated will increase in the long term if this is done.

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Read, J. L. "ENVIRONMENTAL AUDITING: Which Birds Are Useful Bioindicators of Mining and Grazing Impacts in Arid South Australia?" Environmental Management 26, no. 2 (August 1, 2000): 215–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002670010083.

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Easa, Said M., Yasser Hassan, and Dennis Siczkar. "An approach for auditing highway sections for safety improvements." Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering 26, no. 6 (December 1, 1999): 724–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/l99-034.

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The objective of this paper is to present a framework for the evaluation of traffic safety improvements on rural highways based on the existing process of the Ministry of Transportation of Ontario (MTO). The framework includes four steps to identify hazardous locations and determine the most feasible improvements. The framework was applied to a 2.2 km segment on Highway 17 (Ontario, Canada) to illustrate how the framework might be implemented in practice. The first step is defining the highway section to be studied. This section is usually a segment that was constructed in the same contract, and its surface conditions require major maintenance. The evaluation of traffic safety on sections that are undergoing major pavement rehabilitation will reduce the overall cost of road maintenance. The second step is to collect and analyze collision data, along with traffic and geometric data. The purpose of this step is to compare the actual number of collisions on the section with the expected long-run mean value and identify the causes of collisions. Based on this analysis, the third step identifies the possible improvements that would eliminate or minimize the number of collisions. These improvements can be as simple as signing improvement or as complex as a major realignment. Finally, these improvements are evaluated economically and environmentally. For this study, several sections of the Ministry of Transportation of Ontario, other ministries and levels of government, and interest groups participated in the evaluation process. A refined MTO process, currently being considered for implementation, is briefly described along with a discussion of its key features.Key words: evaluation, highway improvements, safety, three-dimensional alignments, sight distance, collision frequency.

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Haydon, Helen M., Liam J. Caffery, Centaine L. Snoswell, Emma E. Thomas, Monica Taylor, Marc Budge, Jacinta Probert, and Anthony C. Smith. "Optimising specialist geriatric medicine services by telehealth." Journal of Telemedicine and Telecare 27, no. 10 (November 2, 2021): 674–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1357633x211041859.

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Telehealth can effectively increase access to specialist care and reduce the need for travel. The Geri-Connect service was established in 2017 to support people living in residential aged care facilities in regional Victoria, Australia. Using the Model for the Assessment of Telemedicine, an evaluation of the Geri-Connect service identified service activity patterns and factors associated with uptake. Service activity from 2017 to 2020 and 10 semi-structured, key stakeholder interviews were captured and analysed. Between 2017 and 2020, video consultations were provided to 53 residential aged care facilities. Sustained growth (over 178%) and strong stakeholder acceptance highlight the effectiveness of this telegeriatric service. Four recommendations provide opportunities to further enhance service delivery including: implementation of an integrated health information system; systematic evaluation of service impact on stakeholders and residents, auditing and subsequent provision of targeted training; and regular auditing of software and hardware. Additionally, the need to augment fixed room hardware with mobile telehealth systems would increase access for residents with mobility problems. Dedicated personnel of the centralised team are best suited to implementing the recommendations. Whilst the provision of routine telehealth services into residential aged care facilities is challenging, the Geri-Connect service demonstrates that telehealth can be effectively provided to residential aged care facility residents needing specialist geriatric care.

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Sinclair, P., S. Richards, F. Howe, and R. Negrelli. "Third-party auditing of the assessment and remediation of four rural manufacturing Gasworks, Victoria, Australia." Land Contamination & Reclamation 14, no. 2 (April 1, 2006): 432–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.2462/09670513.776.

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Harris, Patrick J., Elizabeth Harris, Susan Thompson, Ben Harris-Roxas, and Lynn Kemp. "Human health and wellbeing in environmental impact assessment in New South Wales, Australia: Auditing health impacts within environmental assessments of major projects." Environmental Impact Assessment Review 29, no. 5 (September 2009): 310–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eiar.2009.02.002.

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Hossain, Md Moazzem. "Accounting for biodiversity in Australia." Pacific Accounting Review 29, no. 1 (February 6, 2017): 2–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/par-03-2016-0033.

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Purpose This paper aims to respond to recent calls by Jones (2014) and Jones and Solomon (Accounting, Auditing & Accountability Journal, 2013) for more studies on biodiversity accounting and reporting. In particular, this paper explores biodiversity reporting of the Murray-Darling Basin Authority (MDBA), an Australian public sector enterprise. Design/methodology/approach The paper uses content analysis of MDBA’s published annual reports over the period of 15 years (1998-2012). Archival data (from different government departments) are also used to prepare natural inventory model. Findings The paper finds that although specific species, such as flora and fauna, and habitats-related disclosures have increased over the time, such information still allows only a partial construction of an inventory of natural assets, using Jones’ (1996, 2003) model. However, unlike prior studies that find lack of data availability to be the main impediment for operationalising biodiversity accounting, the abundance of biodiversity data in Australia makes it comparatively easier to produce such a statement. Research limitations/implications Informed by the environmental stewardship framework, the results of this paper suggest that the disclosures made by MDBA are constrained potentially due to its use of traditional accounting mechanisms of reporting that only allow tradable items to be reported to stakeholders. An alternative reporting format would be more relevant to stakeholder groups who are more interested in information regarding quality and availability of water, and loss of biodiversity in the basin area rather than the financial performance of the MDBA. Originality/value Although there are a growing number of studies exploring biodiversity reporting in Australia, this paper is one of the earlier attempts to operationalise biodiversity (particularly habitats, flora and fauna) within the context of an Australian public sector enterprise.

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Bodle, Kerry, Mark Brimble, Scott Weaven, Lorelle Frazer, and Levon Blue. "Critical success factors in managing sustainable indigenous businesses in Australia." Pacific Accounting Review 30, no. 1 (February 5, 2018): 35–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/par-02-2016-0017.

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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to investigate success factors pertinent to the management of Indigenous businesses through the identification of points of intervention at the systemic and structural levels. Through this approach, the economic and social values that First Nations communities attach to intangible Indigenous cultural heritage (ICH) and Indigenous cultural intellectual property (ICIP) may be both recognised and realised as assets. Design/methodology/approach This paper adopts a multidisciplinary approach to address a global issue of economic and social significance to First Nation peoples, their businesses and the Australian Aboriginal communities. The authors adopt a First Nation epistemological standpoint that incorporates theoretical perspectives drawn from a diverse range of fields and theories (Preston, 2013), as well as advocate the use of Indigenist methodology for research with First Nation peoples as it is underpinned by critical race theory. Findings The authors argue conceptually that accounting, accountability and auditing consideration are required to fully identify what is impacting the successful management of Indigenous enterprises. Specifically, in relation to accounting, Elders should be included to assist in valuing the intangible ICH and ICIP assets. Furthermore, the authors emphasise the need to improve the financial and commercial literacy levels of Indigenous entrepreneurs. Practical implications The authors prescribe the use of tools for the accounting treatment of ICH and ICIP as intangible assets within an Australian regulatory environment and define an auditing process and accountability model incorporating cultural, social and environmental measures. A central tenet of this model relates to improving levels of personal and commercial financial literacy in the First Nation participants. Collectively, these factors promote informed participation and decision-making, and may promulgate more sustainable outcomes. Social implications Integrated thinking requires all these factors to be considered in a holistic manner, such that a First Nation enterprise and the wider Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people can understand, and make decisions based on, the overall impact it has on all their stakeholders and generally on the society, the environment and the economy. Originality/value This paper contributes to Australia’s strategic research priorities of maximising social and economic participation in society and improving the health and well-being of the Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people. The authors address the inability of current Western accounting standards, practices and models to suitably account for communally held and protocol-bound intangible Indigenous cultural heritage and Indigenous cultural intellectual property assets.

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BAUM, FRANCES, and RICHARD COOKE. "Healthy Cities Australia: the evaluation of the pilot project in Noarlunga, South Australia." Health Promotion International 7, no. 3 (1992): 181–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/heapro/7.3.181.

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Savčuk, Olga. "INTERNAL AUDIT EFFICIENCY EVALUATION PRINCIPLES." Journal of Business Economics and Management 8, no. 4 (December 31, 2007): 275–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/16111699.2007.9636180.

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Current business environment has experienced rapid and revolutionary change with far reaching consequences for companies worldwide. Management responses to fierce global competition include improved quality and risk management initiatives, reengineered structures and processes and greater accountability to ensure more timely, reliable and relevant information for decision‐making and to secure confidence and trust of the investors. Over the last few years the importance to the strong corporate governance of managing risk has been increasingly acknowledged. Companies are under pressure to identify all the business risks they face: social, ethical and environmental as well as financial and operational, and to explain how they manage them to an acceptable level. Therefore in order to reach its objectives each company has to develop and implement an approach to assessing and managing the uncertainties and opportunities it faces in the pursuit of its business strategy, with the intention of maximizing shareholder value and performance, i.e. meeting the determined objectives. Shareholders are extremely demanding with respect to the activities of the management and want an independent and objective assessment of the risk management and governance system the management is responsible for. In this radically changed business environment the internal auditing gained an important role within companies. Over the past sixty years internal audit developed from control function responsible for inspection of accounting and financial data to a strategic partner for the shareholders and the management of the company in improving governance processes. In current environment the management of the company more and more rely on the internal audit to evaluate whether controls are sufficient to manage risks and uncertainties. This developing role of the internal auditing is also reflected in its current definition, i.e. internal auditing is an independent, objective assurance and consulting activity designed to add value and improve a company's operations. It helps an organization accomplish its objectives by bringing a systematic, disciplined approach to evaluate and improve the effectiveness of risk management, control and governance processes. Only efficient internal audit can perform its tasks properly. Internal audit efficiency depends on its subordination level, which must be appropriate for internal audit to be independent and objective, on the professional qualification and practical experience of internal audit staff, on the internal audit strategy, activities and value added to the company and on the ability to improve itself. The article analyses efficient internal audit establishment and support issues and internal audit efficiency estimation principles. Taking into account the scope of organization's direction and control, internal audit takes on important roles, integrating several other governance and control aspects into organizational governance and stands out as the most important, single mechanism for ensuring adequate and effective governance of the organization. The article provides criteria to assess efficiency of internal audit which could be applied when implementing internal audit function or improving the existing one.

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Shih, Sophy Ting-Fang, Rob Carter, Craig Sinclair, Cathrine Mihalopoulos, and Theo Vos. "Economic evaluation of skin cancer prevention in Australia." Preventive Medicine 49, no. 5 (November 2009): 449–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ypmed.2009.09.008.

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Hill, Anne, Railton Hill, and Susan Moore. "Product Evaluation in a Social Marketing and Community Development Context: A Case Study and Initial Report." Social Marketing Quarterly 15, no. 2 (May 22, 2009): 92–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15245000902957318.

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We provide an initial report and case study of product evaluation for social marketing undertaken specifically within a “community development” context. Starting Points is a highly differentiated not-for-profit development program targeting parents/caregivers of 0—4-year-olds. Parents/caregivers self select to participate in four highly interactive two-hour sessions, usually across a number of weeks, located within their own communities. The project was developed in Melbourne, Australia, and is being delivered in many communities across the nation. The service product evaluated is essentially the enhancement of parental confidence, achieved through parental/caregiver participation in the community-based programs which are initiated, marketed, and delivered by peer facilitators. The article locates such evaluation within the program evaluation and marketing audit literatures, describes the product evaluation component of the research design, and reports preliminary empirical results. These suggest that the Starting Points product is perceived both by participant parents and their partners as resulting in significant increases in parental confidence, sustained well past the immediate postparticipation period. These results provide one critical empirical element of a thorough service evaluation, itself a step toward a thorough-going social marketing auditing process.

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BARTON, C. E., D. E. WINCH, A. J. MCEWIN, A. P. HITCHMAN, and P. A. HOPGOOD. "Evaluation over Australia of Candidate Models for IGRF90." Journal of geomagnetism and geoelectricity 44, no. 9 (1992): 843–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.5636/jgg.44.843.

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Ang, Emelyn, and Munish Kumar. "Greenhouse gases emissions evaluation for prospective energy projects." APPEA Journal 62, no. 2 (May 13, 2022): S1—S6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/aj21106.

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Greenhouse gas (GHG) inventory assessment, monitoring and auditing is becoming increasingly routine in oil and gas project evaluations. Already, some companies carry an ‘internal’ carbon cost reflected in projected capital and operational expenditure. Early evaluation allows for optimal planning of GHG mitigation and economic analysis inclusive of carbon costs, allaying concerns of investors and lenders. The challenge in evaluating pre-development, however, is the lack of real data and thus, uncertainties in field production. In this paper, we demonstrate the use of a Monte Carlo probabilistic method to better account for uncertainties in production, gas-oil ratio (GOR) and operation loads in a case study of a prospective oil field in offshore Western Australia. We compared the results to the scenario-based deterministic GHG emissions evaluation of the same field and found the deterministic estimates to be extreme representatives of the range of possible emission quantities, due to GOR and production uncertainties. From a breakdown of annual emissions, we also identified the emissions from flaring of excess natural gas to be one of the most significant mitigatable sources of emissions, due to the unexpectedly large production of gas over the project lifetime. Avoiding the flaring of excess gases alone could reduce the project’s emissions by ~44%. Through identifying these key sources and uncertainties, we are able to flag such unexpected, mitigatable sources of emissions at an early stage and provide a representative range of projected emissions, thus assisting the operator to make informed decisions in the field development.

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May, Jelena, Richard J. Hobbs, and Leonie E. Valentine. "Are offsets effective? An evaluation of recent environmental offsets in Western Australia." Biological Conservation 206 (February 2017): 249–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biocon.2016.11.038.

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Engelsgaard, Sebastian, Emil Kjøller Alexandersen, Jonathan Dallaire, and Muhyiddine Jradi. "IBACSA: An interactive tool for building automation and control systems auditing and smartness evaluation." Building and Environment 184 (October 2020): 107240. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.buildenv.2020.107240.

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Virtue, J. G., P. D. Gee, N. M. Secomb, P. R. O'Leary, and B. P. Grear. "Facilitating feral camel removal in Australia through commercial use." Rangeland Journal 38, no. 2 (2016): 143. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rj15066.

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Approximately 16.5% of feral camel removal under the Australian Feral Camel Management Project (AFCMP) was by commercial means, via mustering for transport to abattoir (9.3%) and pet-meating in the field (7.2%). The challenges of commercial use of feral camels as a removal method include: variable density, mobility and distribution of the feral camel population; achieving landholder collaboration; accessibility to remote areas by road; availability of yard infrastructure and trucking capacity; and distance to slaughter facilities and end-markets. However, the AFCMP recognised commercial use as important to some Aboriginal communities, bringing a range of economic and social benefits as well as environmental outcomes in terms of reduced feral camel density. To facilitate mustering offtake, a removal assistance scheme was developed, whereby a formal landholder agreement was entered into with various legal requirements, including animal welfare. The agreement incentivised removal of both sexes: payments were for cow camels received at abattoir, but with a concurrent requirement for approximately equal sexes to be delivered to abattoir in an annual contract period. Additional project costs included contract development and oversight, landholder engagement, training and animal welfare auditing. Pet-meating, by way of ground culling and in-field butchering for meat storage in mobile refrigeration units, was also supported by the AFCMP via measures to increase harvest efficiency such as satellite tracking, aerial spotting and improved road access. However, pet-meating ceased mid-project due to changed industry demands. Post-AFCMP, mustering operations continue to service market demand for camel meat. The camel industry is also looking to camel farming to ensure greater continuity and quality of supply than can be achieved through wild harvest.

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Mattes, B. W., and C. Walters. "DESIGN AND IMPLEMENTATION OF A SAFETY, HEALTH AND ENVIRONMENT MANAGEMENT SYSTEM IN BHP PETROLEUM." APPEA Journal 35, no. 1 (1995): 792. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/aj94056.

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BHP Petroleum Pty Ltd (BHPP) is subdivided, worldwide, into three 'regions'—Australia/Asia; Europe/Russia/Africa/Middle East; and Americas—each a self-contained, operating entity, each with its own system of management. The Australian/ Asian operations group within BHPP is implementing an integrated management system, of which the safety, occupational health and environmental elements will form crucial components. The management system has been designed to provide management control of safety, health and environment issues for all of the BHPP producing operations in Australasia. The Safety, Health and Environment Department of BHPP provides a region-wide function for Australasia, and the safety, health and environment portions of the management system, which the Department is helping to develop and implement, will document planned requirements at a number of levels: region-wide requirements for all departments (e.g. implementation of corporate policies, legislative compliance, emergency management, auditing, permit-to-work, health promotion, incident investigation, environmental approvals, etc), requirements specific to the Operations Department (e.g. safety/environmental auditing of plants and facilities, monitoring of oil spills/greenhouse gas emissions), and requirements specific to operational sites within the Operations Department. Responsibility for development, implementation, and maintenance of the management system, and compliance with its provisions, rests with line management—a logical extension of the accountability and responsibility for safety, health and environment matters that rests squarely on the shoulders of all line managers within BHPP. The Safety, Health and Environment Department provides expert advice, document control, training and auditing expertise, and offers a pool of experts available for participation in projects on a consultative basis. For contractor management, the BHPP system mandates intensive scrutiny of contractor safety, health and environmental performance and the systems that the contractor has in place to manage that performance, beginning at the stage of contract prequalification. Failure to meet the minimum standards set by BHPP will disqualify a contractor from contract tendering unless and until remedial action is taken. The ultimate aim of the BHPP system is a level of safety, health and environmental performance which leads the world—no injuries, no workplace health or hygiene problems and no adverse effect on the environment.

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Andrew, M., T. Jarvis, B. Howard, G. McLeod, S. Robinson, R. Standen, D. Toohey, and A. Williams. "The Environmental Stewardship System (ESS): a generic system for assuring rural environmental performance." Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 47, no. 3 (2007): 245. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea06025.

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The Environmental Stewardship System (ESS) is proposed as a generic assurance system for demonstrating environmental performance. It incorporates Environmental Management Systems (EMS) and is matched to natural resources management (NRM) and catchment targets. ESS is a framework for aligning and clarifying environmental objectives and targets across scales. It operates at the catchment and farm levels, interdependently, focusing on the main industries, mainstream farming methods and whole-farm business management. For farmers, it provides a staged pathway of increasing levels of performance and audit process that they can progress along, up to full ISO 14001. It is a modular system that is expandable to suit the particular operational needs of land managers, industries and catchment agencies. ESS is an inclusive framework for integrating various industry farm management improvement schemes and other management requirements. It is an auditable system to provide recognition to land managers who deliver environmental stewardship. The ESS was developed from the findings of the Murray–Darling Basin Commission’s Watermark Environmental Stewardship Project. By addressing the four major deficiencies in current arrangements for NRM delivery (the Stewardship Standard is poorly defined at the Murray–Darling Basin and at the local scales; reporting of outcomes is poorly aligned across scales; and auditing arrangements are not integrated) ESS has the potential to significantly improve the delivery of NRM within Australia, when the drivers for uptake are strong enough. In particular, it would reinforce and elaborate the Australian regional NRM delivery model at the subregional scale. The ESS provides a national framework for assured agricultural production and rural land management. It is in the public domain for others to draw from or adopt.

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Baum, Frances, Barbara Santich, Barry Craig, and Charlie Murray. "Evaluation of a national health promotion program in South Australia." Australian and New Zealand Journal of Public Health 20, no. 1 (February 1996): 41–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-842x.1996.tb01334.x.

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Price, Pam, and Katherine Leane. "The impact of the impact evaluation: Evaluation of the HIV/AIDS Women's Project 1998." Australian Journal of Primary Health 5, no. 3 (1999): 65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/py99035.

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The HIV/AIDS Women's Project (Women's Health Statewide) was established under the auspices of Women's Health Statewide and is supported by a reference group which meets monthly to oversee the work of the Project. The role of the Project is to enhance the health and wellbeing of HIV-positive women and their families in South Australia. In 1998 a consultant was employed to review the role and effectivness of this Project in the HIV/AIDS sector. The evaluation soon evolved beyond its review and evaluation roles, identifying the complex work of the Project and broadening the understanding of women's perspectives in the context of the HIV/AIDS epidemic in South Australia. This paper explores the evaluation process and comments on the effects that participation in the review process has had on both HIV-positive women who participated in the evaluation and on the future work of the Project.

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Maynard, Edward, Raylene Thomas, David Simon, Catherine Phipps, Carla Ward, and Ian Calder. "An evaluation of recent blood lead levels in Port Pirie, South Australia." Science of The Total Environment 303, no. 1-2 (February 2003): 25–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0048-9697(02)00359-5.

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Fahey, G. L. "Evaluation of the Recreational Benefits of Major Dams in Queensland, Australia." Water Science and Technology 21, no. 2 (February 1, 1989): 229–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1989.0055.

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This paper describes the use of the “Final Clawson Demand Curve” method in the evaluation of the recreational benefits of four major dams in Queensland, Australia. The use of existing demand curves to predict the demand for recreational facilities at proposed sites was also investigated. The results indicate that the demand curves are sensitive to changes in variables such as travel costs. However, within the method is the potential to provide estimates of the recreational worth of proposed dams.

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Ozanne-Smith, J. "Controlled evaluation of a community based injury prevention program in Australia." Injury Prevention 8, no. 1 (March 1, 2002): 18–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/ip.8.1.18.

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Borges, Camila Aparecida, and Patricia Constante Jaime. "Development and evaluation of food environment audit instrument: AUDITNOVA." Revista de Saúde Pública 53 (October 16, 2019): 91. http://dx.doi.org/10.11606/s1518-8787.2019053001316.

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OBJECTIVE: To develop and assess the reliability of an instrument that enables auditing information on consumer food environment indicators, such as availability, price, promotional and advertising strategies, and quantity of brands available, using the food recommendations adopted by the Dietary Guidelines for the Brazilian Population as a theoretical basis. METHODS: This is a methodological study in two phases: 1. development of the audit instrument and 2. assessment of its reliability and reproducibility. The Content Validity Index was estimated for each instrument item (>0.80 satisfactory). Inter-rater and test-retest reliability were assessed by percentage agreement and Kappa coefficients. Pearson’s correlation coefficient and Scatter-plots were used to measure the degree of linear correlation between two quantitative variables. RESULTS: The Content Validity Index was 0.91. Inter-rater and test-retest reliability were mostly high (Kappa> 0.80), for food availability indicators. Among the items that measure advertising, Kappa values for inter-rater reliability ranged from 0.57 to 1.00 and for the test-retest ranged from 0.18 to 0.90. Prices and quantity of brands showed a positive linear correlation between measurements performed by researcher 1 and 2 and between visits 1 and 2. CONCLUSIONS: AUDITNOVA is reliable for measuring aspects such as availability, price, quantity of brands, and advertising of foods available in the consumer food environment.

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Ahmed, Deedar, Abdullah Khan, Zulfiqar Ali, Daulat Khan, and Ihsan Ullah Afridi. "An evaluation of the current status of EIA system in Pakistan focusing Khyber Pakhtunkhwa." International Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences 7, no. 2 (March 8, 2018): 20. http://dx.doi.org/10.14419/ijbas.v7i2.7536.

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Pakistan, like many other developing countries has adopted the integration of environmental concerns in its social and economic planning. Pakistan has developed some environmental legislation and policies at the national level for the protection and conservation of environment. This paper evaluates the current status of the environmental assessment system in Pakistan and especially in the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KP) province by using the Christopher Wood Evaluation Model. The EIA system in Pakistan has many strong features like the legal basis for assessment process, strong apprehension and willingness for screening and scoping, stakeholder’s involvement and participation, mitigation of impacts, and cost & benefits of EIA system. The limitations found in the assessment process of Pakistan includes Preparation of EIA report and its review, monitoring and auditing, strategic environmental assessment, while consideration of alternatives and decision making mechanisms are completely ignored. Besides these, the study revealed the practice of ineffective remedial measures, non-professional, inexperience and unregistered consultants involved in the environmental assessment and sporadically the politically oriented decision making process. This evaluation led to a series of suggestions regarding the improvement of EIA system in Pakistan and especially KP Province with a view to develop its quality and effectiveness.

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Lavender, Caroline J., Timothy P. Stinear, Paul D. R. Johnson, Joseph Azuolas, Mark Eric Benbow, John R. Wallace, and Janet A. M. Fyfe. "Evaluation of VNTR typing for the identification ofMycobacterium ulceransin environmental samples from Victoria, Australia." FEMS Microbiology Letters 287, no. 2 (October 2008): 250–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1574-6968.2008.01328.x.

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Lee, Lisa Y., Tihomir Ancev, and Willem Vervoort. "Evaluation of environmental policies targeting irrigated agriculture: The case of the Mooki catchment, Australia." Agricultural Water Management 109 (June 2012): 107–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.agwat.2012.02.011.

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Wearing, Stephen, Sandra Cynn, Jess Ponting, and Matthew McDonald. "Converting Environmental Concern into Ecotourism Purchases: A Qualitative Evaluation of International Backpackers in Australia." Journal of Ecotourism 1, no. 2-3 (August 2002): 133–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14724040208668120.

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D’Elia, Angelo, Stuart Newstead, and Jim Scully. "Evaluation of vehicle side airbag effectiveness in Victoria, Australia." Accident Analysis & Prevention 54 (May 2013): 67–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.aap.2013.02.020.

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Ren, Ping, Jie Ming Zhou, and Bu Ting Hong. "The Research and Evaluation Study of Intensive Land Use of Industrial Park Based on RS and GIS Technology." Advanced Materials Research 599 (November 2012): 915–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.599.915.

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It was a necessary request for current social economic development to establish an economical and environmental friendly society. Intensive land use was an important measure of establishing economical society and a critical way of balancing the relationship of economical construction, resources utilization and environmental protection and implementing scientific development concept. Since the development zones were the typical industrial concentration areas, the realization of intensive land use became extremely important. This article made basic investigation on land use, industrial development and economical situation for development zones, pushed data base establishment of land use management of development zones, evaluated intensive land use situation by GIS technology and mathematical mode and controlled existing problems of land use in development zones. Consequently, this article could offer basis for development zones auditing of expansion and updating, dynamic monitoring and policies making.

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Roser, D. J., C. M. Davies, N. J. Ashbolt, and P. Morison. "Microbial exposure assessment of an urban recreational lake: a case study of the application of new risk-based guidelines." Water Science and Technology 54, no. 3 (August 1, 2006): 245–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2006.476.

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New WHO and Australian guidelines promote a risk-management approach for minimising exposure to pathogens in recreational waters. Between 2003 and 2005, they were applied to Lake Parramatta (10 ha, 450 ML), a potential recreation site in Sydney, Australia. A three stage approach was developed involving (1) initial suitability assessment using historic data, (2) revised suitability assessment based on new data and (3) characterisation of hazardous (especially wet weather) events. Contrary to the stage 1 suitability classification, stage 2 baseline data indicated that during dry weather the lake had water quality sufficient for primary contact recreation (95th percentiles for enterococci=19 MPN/100, n=50) and the major pathogen source was wildfowl. Guideline principles provided a rationale for collecting microbiological and geographic data needed to understand local cycles of lake contamination/recovery. The concept of hazardous events was particularly useful. Studies of stormwater events led us to identify a transition point (>10 mm rainfall in 24 h) where human-faecal pathogen risks increased and access needed to be controlled. Together baseline and event data yielded operational tools (i.e. event detection methods, action triggers, auditing criteria, remediation priorities) for minimising bather exposure.

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Safonova, M. F., and V. V. Serikov. "CRITICAL EVALUATION OF LEADING AUDIT PRACTICE OF APPLYING THE GOING CONCERN PRINCIPLE." Vektor nauki Tol'yattinskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta. Seriya Ekonomika i upravlenie, no. 1 (2022): 41–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.18323/2221-5689-2022-1-41-49.

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Due to the increased degree of aggression of environmental factors accompanied by the inversion of cooperation with foreign partners, intensification of lobbying their illusory interests, inadequate attitude to our country within the international community, and, on the whole, a strongly pronounced progressing tendency for strengthening a unipolarity system of international relations, it is possible to speak about their pathogenic nature of influence on the endogenous component of the entire national economy. Considering these circumstances, today we are witnessing a serious perturbation of business climate on the scale of national borders manifested by the growth of prices for raw materials, equipment, components and, consequently, by the effect of direct influence on the cost of the finished goods, logistic chains failure, the decrease in credit availability, the outflow of investments, and various embargos. This situation results from the policy of so-called unfriendly countries, which has a sanction tendency and, in general, restrictive nature. In return, it threatens the ability to continue the functioning of companies in the Russian market in the foreseeable future. In such conditions, it is important to have proven, complete, and reliable information about this component of the company’s activities on time. The audit aims to ensure a high level of qualitative and quantitative information parameters. The dual character of audit, on the one hand, ensures post-assessment, and on the other hand, has predictive power. Taking into account the provisions of normative legal acts regulating auditing activities in the Russian Federation, as well as considering the leading domestic and international auditing practice, the authors present a model for checking an audited entity for compliance with the fundamental going concern principle. A detailed examination of each audit stage allowed giving the optimal critical assessment of the conventional audit system in this area both highlighting the gaps caused by the lack of highly effective analytical procedures for the confirmation of the business permanence of an audited entity and pointing out certain imperfections of the Russian accounting practice.

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Jackson, Terri. "Cost estimates for hospital inpatient care in Australia: evaluation of alternative sources." Australian and New Zealand Journal of Public Health 24, no. 3 (June 2000): 234–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-842x.2000.tb01562.x.

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Patrick, Rebecca, and Jonathan Kingsley. "Health promotion and sustainability programmes in Australia: barriers and enablers to evaluation." Global Health Promotion 26, no. 2 (August 23, 2017): 82–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1757975917715038.

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In an era characterised by the adverse impacts of climate change and environmental degradation, health promotion programmes are beginning to actively link human health with environmental sustainability imperatives. This paper draws on a study of health promotion and sustainability programmes in Australia, providing insights to evaluation approaches being used and barriers and enablers to these evaluations. The study was based on a multi-strategy research involving both quantitative and qualitative methods. Health promotion practitioners explained through surveys and semi-structured interviews that they focused on five overarching health and sustainability programme types (healthy and sustainable food, active transport, energy efficiency, contact with nature, and capacity building). Various evaluation methods and indicators (health, social, environmental, economic and demographic) were identified as being valuable for monitoring and evaluating health and sustainability programmes. Findings identified several evaluation enablers such as successful community engagement, knowledge of health and sustainability issues and programme champions, whereas barriers included resource constraints and competing interests. This paper highlights the need for ecological models and evaluation tools to support the design and monitoring of health promotion and sustainability programmes.

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Baum, Frances, and Valerie A. Brown. "HEALTHY CITIES (AUSTRALIA) PROJECT: ISSUES OF EVALUATION FOR THE NEW PUBLIC HEALTH." Community Health Studies 13, no. 2 (February 12, 2010): 140–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1753-6405.1989.tb00190.x.

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Lambert, Stephen, and Christine Selvey. "Is this really an ethical evaluation of HPV vaccination policy in Australia?" Australian and New Zealand Journal of Public Health 36, no. 1 (February 2012): 96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1753-6405.2012.00832.x.

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Haines, Sarah, and Pallavi Prathivadi. "Evaluation of Australian prescription drug monitoring programs need a holistic approach." Australian Journal of Primary Health 27, no. 5 (2021): 354. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/py20296.

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Prescription opioid-related mortality is increasing in Australia. Real-time Prescription Drug Monitoring Programs (PDMPs) have recently been implemented as a strategy to reduce opioid-related harm. PDMPs enable prescribers and dispensers to view patients’ prescription history before writing or dispensing a high-risk medication. This article considers the complexity of accurately evaluating PDMP effectiveness. To ensure sustainable implementation of these systems in Australia, a wide range of outcomes need to be measured. These include any unintended consequences and impacts on comprehensive patient care. Furthermore, intervention evaluation may be disrupted by concurrent interventions, limited methodologies and the shortcomings of the current approach.

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Hsu, Li-Chang, Shang-Ling Ou, and Yih-Chang Ou. "A COMPREHENSIVE PERFORMANCE EVALUATION AND RANKING METHODOLOGY UNDER A SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT PERSPECTIVE." Journal of Business Economics and Management 16, no. 1 (December 16, 2014): 74–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/16111699.2013.848228.

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Under industry globalization and the intensely competitive environment, a company's competitiveness must constantly be upgraded in order to achieve the goal of sustainability. Therefore, the correct and valid evaluation of companies’ sustainable performance has become an important issue. The main purpose of this study is to discuss and establish a sustainable performance evaluation criteria and model for companies. First, the measurements of companies’ financial, credit risk, environmental and social responsibility are integrated to create sustainable business performance evaluation criteria. Then, we integrate grey relational analysis and an improved TOPSIS method to construct a sustainable performance evaluation model for companies. In order to verify the findings of this study, we adopt Taiwan's high-tech listed companies as the research object to explore sustainable operating performance and ranking in 2011. The empirical results will help companies to build future business strategies and can also be used as an important reference for investor and bank credit auditing.

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Tiller, KG. "Urban soil contamination in Australia." Soil Research 30, no. 6 (1992): 937. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sr9920937.

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The current knowledge of the pollution of Australian urban soils was reviewed with special reference to heavy metals. Increased community concern in recent years has resulted m a major upsurge in the investigation and rehabilitation of contaminated soils. This has led to a concomitant reassessment and development of regulatory procedures, and the establishment of some new environmental agencies. This review considers sources and extent of contamination, and approaches to the establishment of reference background levels in urban and rural areas. Assessment of contaminated sites has been largely based on overseas experience but site specific approaches relevant to Australian soils and climates are needed and are being developed by State authorities in collaboration with the Australian and New Zealand Environmental and Conservation Council and the National Health and Medical Research Council. The need for soil-based research and for standardized soil sampling procedures for site evaluation and action is stressed. Many opportunities exist for soil scientists in solving problems of soil contamination and rehabilitation.

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White, S. B., and S. A. Fane. "Designing cost effective water demand management programs in Australia." Water Science and Technology 46, no. 6-7 (September 1, 2002): 225–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2002.0683.

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This paper describes recent experience with integrated resource planning (IRP) and the application of least cost planning (LCP) for the evaluation of demand management strategies in urban water. Two Australian case studies, Sydney and Northern New South Wales (NSW) are used in illustration. LCP can determine the most cost effective means of providing water services or alternatively the cheapest forms of water conservation. LCP contrasts to a traditional approach of evaluation which looks only at means of increasing supply. Detailed investigation of water usage, known as end-use analysis, is required for LCP. End-use analysis allows both rigorous demand forecasting, and the development and evaluation of conservation strategies. Strategies include education campaigns, increasing water use efficiency and promoting wastewater reuse or rainwater tanks. The optimal mix of conservation strategies and conventional capacity expansion is identified based on levelised unit cost. IRP uses LCP in the iterative process, evaluating and assessing options, investing in selected options, measuring the results, and then re-evaluating options. Key to this process is the design of cost effective demand management programs. IRP however includes a range of parameters beyond least economic cost in the planning process and program designs, including uncertainty, benefit partitioning and implementation considerations.

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Nishant, Nidhi, Giovanni Di Virgilio, Fei Ji, Eugene Tam, Kathleen Beyer, and Matthew L. Riley. "Evaluation of Present-Day CMIP6 Model Simulations of Extreme Precipitation and Temperature over the Australian Continent." Atmosphere 13, no. 9 (September 12, 2022): 1478. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/atmos13091478.

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Australia experiences a variety of climate extremes that result in loss of life and economic and environmental damage. This paper provides a first evaluation of the performance of state-of-the-art Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 6 (CMIP6) global climate models (GCMs) in simulating climate extremes over Australia. Here, we evaluate how well 37 individual CMIP6 GCMs simulate the spatiotemporal patterns of 12 climate extremes over Australia by comparing the GCMs against gridded observations (Australian Gridded Climate Dataset). This evaluation is crucial for informing, interpreting, and constructing multimodel ensemble future projections of climate extremes over Australia, climate-resilience planning, and GCM selection while conducting exercises like dynamical downscaling via GCMs. We find that temperature extremes (maximum-maximum temperature -TXx, number of summer days -SU, and number of days when maximum temperature is greater than 35 °C -Txge35) are reasonably well-simulated in comparison to precipitation extremes. However, GCMs tend to overestimate (underestimate) minimum (maximum) temperature extremes. GCMs also typically struggle to capture both extremely dry (consecutive dry days -CDD) and wet (99th percentile of precipitation -R99p) precipitation extremes, thus highlighting the underlying uncertainty of GCMs in capturing regional drought and flood conditions. Typically for both precipitation and temperature extremes, UKESM1-0-LL, FGOALS-g3, and GCMs from Met office Hadley Centre (HadGEM3-GC31-MM and HadGEM3-GC31-LL) and NOAA (GFDL-ESM4 and GFDL-CM4) consistently tend to show good performance. Our results also show that GCMs from the same modelling group and GCMs sharing key modelling components tend to have similar biases and thus are not highly independent.

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Cho, Yeoungjee, Neil Boudville, Suetonia C. Palmer, Josephine S. F. Chow, Carmel M. Hawley, Matthew D. Jose, Rob MacGinley, et al. "Practice of Peritoneal Dialysis Catheter Flushing in Australia and New Zealand: Multi-Center Cross-Sectional Survey." Peritoneal Dialysis International: Journal of the International Society for Peritoneal Dialysis 38, no. 2 (March 1, 2017): 98–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.3747/pdi.2017.00108.

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Background Evidence of effective interventions to prevent peritoneal dialysis (PD) catheter malfunction before first use is presently insufficient to guide clinical care. Regular flushing of the PD catheter (e.g. before PD commencement) has been adopted by some practitioners in the belief that it will prevent catheter obstruction and/or malfunction. The aim of this study was to characterize and evaluate PD catheter flushing practices across Australian and New Zealand PD units. Methods An on-line survey was distributed to all 62 PD units in Australia (12 August 2016; n = 51) and New Zealand (2 February 2017; n = 11), with questions relating to PD catheter flushing practices, audit, and outcomes. Results Forty-nine units of variable size (< 16 to > 100 patients) completed the survey (79% response rate). All centers flushed PD catheters at some stage after insertion as routine unit practice. Forty-one units (84%) routinely flushed during periods of PD rest at varying intervals ranging from alternate daily to monthly. The type and volume of solution used to flush varied between units. Units that practised routine flushing of PD catheters were almost twice as likely to audit their catheter-related outcomes (66% vs 38%, p = 0.23) and more likely to have reported blocked catheters in the preceding 12 months (84% vs 0%, p = 0.01) compared with those units that did not routinely flush PD catheters. Thirty units (61%) regularly audited and monitored catheter-related outcomes. Conclusions This study identified a wide variation in center practices relating to PD catheter flushing. Drawing conclusions about any relationship between flushing practices and clinical outcomes was impeded by the relatively low uptake of regular auditing and monitoring of catheter-related outcomes across surveyed units. Evaluation of the benefits and harms of standardized PD catheter flushing practices on patient outcomes in a randomized trial is needed to guide practice.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Environmental auditing Australia Evaluation'

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