Journal articles on the topic 'Environmental Association Analysis'
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Rellstab, Christian, Felix Gugerli, Andrew J. Eckert, Angela M. Hancock, and Rolf Holderegger. "A practical guide to environmental association analysis in landscape genomics." Molecular Ecology 24, no. 17 (August 26, 2015): 4348–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/mec.13322.
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Osereme Amiolemen, Omoike, Uwalomwa Uwuigbe, Olubukola Ranti Uwuigbe, Ilogho Simon Osiregbemhe, and Ajetunmobi Opeyemi. "Corporate social environmental reporting and stock prices: an analysis of listed firms in Nigeria." Investment Management and Financial Innovations 15, no. 3 (September 21, 2018): 318–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.21511/imfi.15(3).2018.26.
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The study investigated Corporate Social Environmental Reporting and its association with stock prices (using market price per share as at the financial year end) among listed firms in Nigeria. The study used a cross-sectional research design comprising 50 publicly listed companies across various sectors for the period of five years (2011–2015). For the selected firms, the annual report was used to collect the data. This research utilizes the panel data regression in analyzing the influence of the independent variable (measured by corporate social and environmental expenditure) on the dependent variable measured using the market price per share) for the respective years. Also, in an attempt to examine the relatively market price per share across the sampled industries, the study made use of the one-way analysis of variance; while the Granger causality test was also conducted to ascertain whether bi-directional relationships exist between explanatory variable and the dependent variable (i.e. corporate social and environmental expenditure and market price per share). Findings from the study revealed that the association between corporate social and environmental expenditure and the market price of the firm (when considered in aggregate) is not significant. The result from the Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) showed that the market price per share is significantly different across the industries.
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Acar, Merve, and Hüseyin Temiz. "Empirical analysis on corporate environmental performance and environmental disclosure in an emerging market context." International Journal of Emerging Markets 15, no. 6 (March 19, 2020): 1061–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijoem-04-2019-0255.
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PurposeThe purpose of this study is to investigate the association between environmental performance of firms and the level of voluntary environmental disclosure in emerging markets.Design/methodology/approachWe used tobit regression OLS and t-test methods to reveal the association between environmental performance and the level of voluntary environmental disclosure.FindingsWe find a significant positive association between the level of discretionary environmental disclosures and corporate environmental performance. The result is in line with the arguments of economics disclosure theory that argues environmentally good performers disclose more.Practical implicationsMany of the environmentally good firms in Turkey are also listed in the “BIST Sustainability Index,” and this situation can be the result of the relative power of external regulations. Accordingly, it can be suggested to increase the community and governmental pressures for environmental reporting but also gives importance to increase intrinsic motivations for companies to engage in disclosure practices.Originality/valueThis study shed light on relation between environmental performance and environmental disclosure in an emerging market context. Also, it is revisited that the relation between environmental performance and the level of environmental disclosure by testing two different predictions on the level of environmental disclosures.
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Hassan, Syeda Anam. "Investigating the Relationship of E-Government, Control of Corruption, Economic Prosperity and Environmental Degradation: An Analysis of Asian Region." International Journal of Innovation and Economic Development 3, no. 2 (2017): 18–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.18775/ijied.1849-7551-7020.2015.32.2002.
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To generate and maintain sustainable economic growth, e-government and control of corruption are considered as a key contributor in the nation. E-government not only increases control of corruption and economic growth but also reduces environmental degradation. In this study, the relationship of e-government to control of corruption, economic prosperity and environmental degradation has been investigated. Government has a positive and significant association with economic prosperity and control of corruption. However, e-government negatively related to S curve. The impact of control variables such that manufacturing, working for population and political stability all are positive to economic prosperity while exports and urban population show a negative association with the economic prosperity. In the case of environmental degradation, manufacturing and working population shows negative relationship while exports, political stability, and urban population shows a positive association with the environmental degradation. The study suggests that constructive national policies by practitioners and policy makers are required for the development of e-government.
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Zheng, Yuejun. "Association Analysis on Pro-Environmental Behaviors and Environmental Consciousness in Main Cities of East Asia." Behaviormetrika 37, no. 1 (January 2010): 55–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.2333/bhmk.37.55.
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Jelenkovic, Aline, Janne Mikkonen, Pekka Martikainen, Antti Latvala, Yoshie Yokoyama, Reijo Sund, Eero Vuoksimaa, et al. "Association between birth weight and educational attainment: an individual-based pooled analysis of nine twin cohorts." Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health 72, no. 9 (May 30, 2018): 832–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/jech-2017-210403.
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BackgroundThere is evidence that birth weight is positively associated with education, but it remains unclear whether this association is explained by familial environmental factors, genetic factors or the intrauterine environment. We analysed the association between birth weight and educational years within twin pairs, which controls for genetic factors and the environment shared between co-twins.MethodsThe data were derived from nine twin cohorts in eight countries including 6116 complete twin pairs. The association between birth weight and educational attainment was analysed both between individuals and within pairs using linear regression analyses.ResultsIn between-individual analyses, birth weight was not associated with educational years. Within-pairs analyses revealed positive but modest associations for some sex, zygosity and birth year groups. The greatest association was found in dizygotic (DZ) men (0.65 educational years/kg birth weight, p=0.006); smaller effects of 0.3 educational years/kg birth weight were found within monozygotic (MZ) twins of both sexes and opposite-sex DZ twins. The magnitude of the associations differed by birth year in MZ women and opposite-sex DZ twins, showing a positive association in the 1915–1959 birth cohort but no association in the 1960–1984 birth cohort.ConclusionAlthough associations are weak and somewhat inconsistent, our results suggest that intrauterine environment may play a role when explaining the association between birth weight and educational attainment.
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Mannion, Philip D., and Paul Upchurch. "A quantitative analysis of environmental associations in sauropod dinosaurs." Paleobiology 36, no. 2 (2010): 253–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1666/08085.1.
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Both the body fossils and trackways of sauropod dinosaurs indicate that they inhabited a range of inland and coastal environments during their 160-Myr evolutionary history. Quantitative paleoecological analyses of a large data set of sauropod occurrences reveal a statistically significant positive association between non-titanosaurs and coastal environments, and between titanosaurs and inland environments. Similarly, “narrow-gauge” trackways are positively associated with coastal environments and “wide-gauge” trackways are associated with inland environments. The statistical support for these associations suggests that this is a genuine ecological signal: non-titanosaur sauropods preferred coastal environments such as carbonate platforms, whereas titanosaurs preferred inland environments such as fluvio-lacustrine systems. These results remain robust when the data set is time sliced and jackknifed in various ways. When the analyses are repeated using the more inclusive groupings of titanosauriforms and Macronaria, the signal is weakened or lost. These results reinforce the hypothesis that “wide-gauge” trackways were produced by titanosaurs. It is commonly assumed that the trackway and body fossil records will give different results, with the former providing a more reliable guide to the habitats occupied by extinct organisms because footprints are produced during life, whereas carcasses can be transported to different environments prior to burial. However, this view is challenged by our observation that separate body fossil and trackway data sets independently support the same conclusions regarding environmental preferences in sauropod dinosaurs. Similarly, analyzing localities and individuals independently results in the same environmental associations. We demonstrate that conclusions about environmental patterns among fossil taxa can be highly sensitive to an investigator's choices regarding analytical protocols. In particular, decisions regarding the taxonomic groupings used for comparison, the time range represented by the data set, and the criteria used to identify the number of localities can all have a marked effect on conclusions regarding the existence and nature of putative environmental associations. We recommend that large data sets be explored for such associations at a variety of different taxonomic and temporal scales.
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Barclay, N. L., T. C. Eley, B. Maughan, R. Rowe, and A. M. Gregory. "Associations between diurnal preference, sleep quality and externalizing behaviours: a behavioural genetic analysis." Psychological Medicine 41, no. 5 (September 14, 2010): 1029–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0033291710001741.
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BackgroundCertain aspects of sleep co-occur with externalizing behaviours in youth, yet little is known about these associations in adults. The present study: (1) examines the associations between diurnal preference (morningness versus eveningness), sleep quality and externalizing behaviours; (2) explores the extent to which genetic and environmental influences are shared between or are unique to these phenotypes; (3) examines the extent to which genetic and environmental influences account for these associations.MethodQuestionnaires assessing diurnal preference, sleep quality and externalizing behaviours were completed by 1556 young adult twins and siblings.ResultsA preference for eveningness and poor sleep quality were associated with greater externalizing symptoms [r=0.28 (95% CI 0.23–0.33) and 0.34 (95% CI 0.28–0.39), respectively]. A total of 18% of the genetic influences on externalizing behaviours were shared with diurnal preference and sleep quality and an additional 14% were shared with sleep quality alone. Non-shared environmental influences common to the phenotypes were small (2%). The association between diurnal preference and externalizing behaviours was mostly explained by genetic influences [additive genetic influence (A)=80% (95% CI 0.56–1.01)], as was the association between sleep quality and externalizing behaviours [A=81% (95% CI 0.62–0.99)]. Non-shared environmental (E) influences accounted for the remaining variance for both associations [E=20% (95% CI −0.01 to 0.44) and 19% (95% CI 0.01–0.38), respectively].ConclusionsA preference for eveningness and poor sleep quality are moderately associated with externalizing behaviours in young adults. There is a moderate amount of shared genetic influences between the phenotypes and genetic influences account for a large proportion of the association between sleep and externalizing behaviours. Further research could focus on identifying specific genetic polymorphisms common to both sleep and externalizing behaviours.
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Ojha, Rohit P., Martha M. Phillips, and Raymond Thertulien. "Population-Based Risk Assessment for Multiple Myeloma: A Novel Approach for Identifying Potential Environmental Associations." Blood 106, no. 11 (November 16, 2005): 5058. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v106.11.5058.5058.
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Abstract Given the continued uncertainty of multiple myeloma (MM) etiology, environmental epidemiologic investigations remain an important approach for generating hypotheses regarding potentially significant exposures. We assessed MM incidence in Arkansas using a novel population-based approach that combines county agricultural and industrial characteristics with environmental hazard mapping techniques to determine case distribution throughout the state and to identify significant trends associated with case distribution. Our investigation revealed a significant association between manufacturing-dependent counties and MM incidence (OR = 1.26, p = 0.004), a significant inverse association between non-specialized counties and MM incidence (OR = 0.62, p < 0.00001), and no significant association between agriculture-dependent counties and MM incidence (OR=0.92, p=0.636). Analyses of sixteen selected industries and their associations with MM incidence revealed primarily wood-related industries (paper mills, sawmills, wood preservation, and softwood, veneer and plywood manufacturing) exhibited significant associations with MM incidence (OR= 1.79 – 2.02, p< 0.05). Trend analyses demonstrated increasing MM incidence with increasing proportion of the population employed in the aforementioned wood-related industries. This is the first such statewide assessment of associations between general environmental exposure and MM incidence within counties. The methods developed in this study can be applied to data from other states or regions to produce a larger body of information from several geographic areas regarding MM incidence or other disorders with suspected environmental associations. Subsequently, meta-analysis can be performed to support or refute the existence of apparent associations, provide insight regarding national trends of MM incidence, and potentially suggest additional sources of exposure for further investigation.
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Hermanussen, Michael, Christian Aßmann, and Detlef Groth. "Chain Reversion for Detecting Associations in Interacting Variables—St. Nicolas House Analysis." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 4 (February 11, 2021): 1741. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18041741.
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(1) Background: We present a new statistical approach labeled as “St. Nicolas House Analysis” (SNHA) for detecting and visualizing extensive interactions among variables. (2) Method: We rank absolute bivariate correlation coefficients in descending order according to magnitude and create hierarchic “association chains” defined by sequences where reversing start and end point does not alter the ordering of elements. Association chains are used to characterize dependence structures of interacting variables by a graph. (3) Results: SNHA depicts association chains in highly, but also in weakly correlated data, and is robust towards spurious accidental associations. Overlapping association chains can be visualized as network graphs. Between independent variables significantly fewer associations are detected compared to standard correlation or linear model-based approaches. (4) Conclusion: We propose reversible association chains as a principle to detect dependencies among variables. The proposed method can be conceptualized as a non-parametric statistical method. It is especially suited for secondary data analysis as only aggregate information such as correlations matrices are required. The analysis provides an initial approach for clarifying potential associations that may be subject to subsequent hypothesis testing.
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Kleinjans, Jos C., Theo M. De Kok, Ellen Winckelmans, and Tim S. Nawrot. "Transcriptomics analysis in association with environmental burden in newborn children across Europe." Reproductive Toxicology 72 (September 2017): 17–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.reprotox.2017.06.074.
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Puttabyatappa, Muraly, Margaret Banker, Lixia Zeng, Jaclyn M. Goodrich, Steven E. Domino, Dana C. Dolinoy, John D. Meeker, Subramaniam Pennathur, Peter X. K. Song, and Vasantha Padmanabhan. "Maternal Exposure to Environmental Disruptors and Sexually Dimorphic Changes in Maternal and Neonatal Oxidative Stress." Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism 105, no. 2 (October 16, 2019): 492–505. http://dx.doi.org/10.1210/clinem/dgz063.
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Abstract Context Early pregnancy exposure to endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) may contribute to poor birth outcomes through oxidative stress (OS)-mediated disruption of the maternal and fetal milieu. Most studies have investigated the effect of single EDC exposures on OS. Objective Assess the association of uniquely weighted mixtures of early pregnancy exposures with the maternal and neonatal OS markers. Design Prospective analysis of mother–infant dyads Setting University hospital. Participants 56 mother–infant dyads. Main Outcome Measures The association of OS markers (nitrotyrosine, dityrosine, chlorotyrosine) in maternal first trimester and term, and cord blood plasma with maternal first trimester exposure levels of each of 41 toxicants (trace elements, metals, phenols, and phthalates) from 56 subjects was analyzed using Spearman correlations and linear regression. The association of OS markers with inflammatory cytokines and birth outcomes were analyzed by Spearman correlation and linear regression analysis, respectively. Weighted mixtures of early pregnancy exposures were created by principal component analysis and offspring sex-dependent and independent associations with oxidative stress markers were assessed. Results (1) An inverse relationship between levels of maternal/cord OS markers and individual EDCs was evident. In contrast, when assessed as EDC mixtures, both direct and inverse associations were evident in a sex-specific manner; (2) the maternal term OS marker, nitrotyrosine, was inversely associated with gestational age, and (3) both direct and inverse associations were evident between the 3 OS markers and individual cytokines. Conclusions Provides proof of concept that effects of exposures on OS varies when assessed as EDC mixtures versus individually.
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Ibrahim, Irini, Khor Poy Hua, and Sodiq Omoola. "Corporate Environmental Responsibility in Malaysia and India: A Preliminary Analysis." Environment-Behaviour Proceedings Journal 4, no. 11 (July 14, 2019): 195. http://dx.doi.org/10.21834/e-bpj.v4i11.1662.
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Following the activities of a tyre recycling company in Johor, Malaysia, over 2000 people fell sick and 111 schools were shut when toxic substances were released into the Sungai Kim Kim, a river in Pasir Gudang. This paper examines the relevance of corporate environmental responsibility (CER) policy framework in ensuring constant environmental sustainability by corporate bodies in Malaysia. The paper adopts a comparative law research methodology to assess the potential impact of environmentally sustainable corporate social responsibility across two jurisdictions i.e., Malaysia and India. Looking at existing CER framework in another jurisdiction, the paper argues that voluntary and mandatory CER can strengthen existing environmental regulations in Malaysia under the environmental regulation in Malaysia.Keywords: Environment, Corporate Environment Responsibility, Malaysia, IndiaeISSN: 2398-4287 © 2019. The Authors. Published for AMER ABRA cE-Bs by e-International Publishing House, Ltd., UK. This is an open access article under the CC BYNC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/). Peer–review under responsibility of AMER (Association of Malaysian Environment-Behaviour Researchers), ABRA (Association of Behavioural Researchers on Asians) and cE-Bs (Centre for Environment-Behaviour Studies), Faculty of Architecture, Planning & Surveying, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia.DOI: https://doi.org/10.21834/e-bpj.v4i11.1662
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Park, Sunhee. "Word association analysis of children with disabilities." Clinical Archives of Communication Disorders 6, no. 2 (August 31, 2021): 118–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.21849/cacd.2021.00521.
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Purpose: This study aimed to compare the types of response words for stimuli in children with language impairment and normal children through the word association task.Methods: For this study, 60 children with language impairment aged 9-11 years old and 60 normal children of the same language age as them were selected. The list of stimulus words for the word association task consisted of 25 nouns, 6 verbs and 6 adjectives.Results: The research results were as follows. First, it was found that the appearance rate of association words in the form and syntax among the intra-linguistic association was higher in the children with language impairment than in the normal children, and the appearance rate of association words in the meaning and pragmatics was lower than that of the normal children. Second, in children with language impairment, the appearance rate of verb response words was high in the noun stimulus words, and the noun response words appeared high in the verb and adjective stimulus words.Conclusions: In conclusion, compared to the normal children, the form and syntax-oriented syntagmatic associative responses were higher than the semantic-oriented paradigmatic associative responses, indicating that the stimulus and response words were used side by side in sentences.
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Taraszka, Kodi, Noah Zaitlen, and Eleazar Eskin. "Leveraging pleiotropy for joint analysis of genome-wide association studies with per trait interpretations." PLOS Genetics 18, no. 11 (November 7, 2022): e1010447. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pgen.1010447.
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We introduce pleiotropic association test (PAT) for joint analysis of multiple traits using genome-wide association study (GWAS) summary statistics. The method utilizes the decomposition of phenotypic covariation into genetic and environmental components to create a likelihood ratio test statistic for each genetic variant. Though PAT does not directly interpret which trait(s) drive the association, a per trait interpretation of the omnibus p-value is provided through an extension to the meta-analysis framework, m-values. In simulations, we show PAT controls the false positive rate, increases statistical power, and is robust to model misspecifications of genetic effect. Additionally, simulations comparing PAT to three multi-trait methods, HIPO, MTAG, and ASSET, show PAT identified 15.3% more omnibus associations over the next best method. When these associations were interpreted on a per trait level using m-values, PAT had 37.5% more true per trait interpretations with a 0.92% false positive assignment rate. When analyzing four traits from the UK Biobank, PAT discovered 22,095 novel variants. Through the m-values interpretation framework, the number of per trait associations for two traits were almost tripled and were nearly doubled for another trait relative to the original single trait GWAS.
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Febrianti, Febby, Purwati Kuswarini Suprapto, and Suharsono Suharsono. "Analysis of Students’ Quantitative Literacy in Environmental Pollution." Mangifera Edu 5, no. 2 (February 3, 2021): 131–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.31943/mangiferaedu.v5i2.109.
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This study aimed to measure and analyze student quantitative literacy in environmental pollution concept based on six indicators quantitative literacy. This method uses qualitative descriptive. This research was carried out at one of the senior high schools in Tasikmalaya wich is included in one of the schools with cluster one, subject technique was carried out in purposive, whose class has the highest score in biology and mathematics of 30 students. The design used is a case study. This research was done in June 2020. The data collection techniques used to test quantitative literacy refer to the American Colleges and Universities' Association, questionnaire, and interview. Based on data analysis, obtained that of 30 students, two students (6.67%) in the high category, 24 students (80%) in the medium category, and four students (13.33%) in the low category.
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Azimi, Andia M., and Eric J. Connolly. "Child Maltreatment and Substance Use: A Behavior Genetic Analysis." Child Maltreatment 27, no. 2 (January 9, 2022): 279–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/10775595211064207.
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Child maltreatment is a pervasive social problem often perpetuated by family members and is related to a wide array of negative life outcomes. Although substance use is an outcome commonly associated with experiences of child maltreatment, not all individuals who experience maltreatment struggle with such issues. Many individuals can positively adapt to experiences of maltreatment based on levels of resilience and susceptibility. Research suggests that genetic differences may partly explain why negative outcomes develop for some, but not for others. Few studies have examined the extent to which genetic and environmental factors influence the longitudinal association between child maltreatment and varying forms of substance use, leaving a fundamental gap in our current understanding of this association. The current study aims to address this gap by analyzing a sample of twins from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health (Add Health). Findings from a series of univariate and bivariate biometric models reveal that the longitudinal associations between maltreatment, cigarette use, and marijuana use are accounted for by additive genetic and nonshared environmental factors. Moreover, the magnitude of the contribution varies across unique subgroups of cigarette and marijuana use. Directions for future research and theoretical implications are discussed.
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Darus, Faizah, Wan Mashitah Yusof, and Tamoi Janggu. "Environmental Protection and Value Creation." Environment-Behaviour Proceedings Journal 1, no. 1 (June 26, 2016): 229. http://dx.doi.org/10.21834/e-bpj.v1i1.219.
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The managers of corporations can play a significant role to protect the natural environment. This study aims to examine the environmental disclosure of 200Shariah compliant companies for 2013 and the subsequent effect of such disclosure for the organizations. The results of content analyses of the annual reports revealed that managers from the Plantation industry disclosed more environmental information. The regression analysis revealed a significant relationship between environmental information provided and the subsequent value created for the organizations. The findings of the study can help managers to position better their environmental strategy to enhance the overall value of their organizations.© 2016. The Authors. Published for AMER ABRA by e-International Publishing House, Ltd., UK. Peer–review under responsibility of AMER (Association of Malaysian Environment-Behaviour Researchers), ABRA (Association of Behavioural Researchers on Asians) and cE-Bs (Centre for Environment-Behaviour Studies, Faculty of Architecture, Planning & Surveying, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia.Keywords: Environment; Shariah compliance companies; sustainability; corporate social responsibility
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van der Zwaard, Babette C., Annemarie A. H. Schalkwijk, Petra J. M. Elders, Lucinda Platt, and Giel Nijpels. "Does environment influence childhood BMI? A longitudinal analysis of children aged 3–11." Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health 72, no. 12 (August 31, 2018): 1110–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/jech-2018-210701.
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BackgroundChildhood overweight/obesity has been associated with environmental context, such as green space, gardens, crime and deprivation. This paper assesses the longitudinal association between environment and body mass index (BMI) for children across the ages of 3–11 years. It also investigates the relationship between environment and child overweight/obesityMethods6001 children from the UK Millennium Cohort Study living in England were analysed. We estimated fixed effects linear and logistic regression models of the association between environment (levels of green space, gardens, crime and deprivation) and BMI/overweight of children at four time points between the ages of 3 and 11. Models were adjusted for age-related changes in weight, child sex and education level of the main carer.ResultsStatistically significant associations were found between environmental measures of both more gardens and lower levels of crime and lower BMI (effect size (95% CI) respectively: −0.02 (−0.04 to 0.00), −0.04 (−0.07 to −0.02)). Areas with less crime were associated with a slightly lower odds of overweight among children with a higher educated parent (OR 0.93 (0.87–0.99))ConclusionsBy exploiting longitudinal measures of environment and BMI this study is able to establish a more causal association between environment and BMI. Environments with more gardens and lower crime tend to result in slightly lower BMI. However, the effect sizes are small and non-significant odds of changing weight status do not support environmental factors as a key determinant of cohort changes in childhood overweight/obesity.
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Nieczuja-Dwojacka, Joanna, Anna Siniarska, Aneta Sikorska, and Sławomir Kozieł. "Body structure and maturation – the association with environmental factors." Anthropological Review 80, no. 2 (June 27, 2017): 141–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/anre-2017-0009.
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AbstractThe main objective of the study was to determine the relationship between physique, maturation and some environmental factors. The study was conducted in Warsaw, between 2012 and 2013 in randomly selected schools. The material included 171 girls, aged 12-20 years. Body height and weight, upper and lower extremity length, subcutaneous fat folds on arm, subscapular and abdominal, circumferences of arm, chest, waist and hip were measured. Body proportion indices were calculated. The questionnaire form provided information on parental education and profession, and the number of children in family. Girls were asked about age at menarche, number of daily meals, level of physical activity, participation is sport, and level of stress at home and at school. The principal component analysis was applied and 4 factors were extracted from the set of living condition characteristics (F1 - Parental education & father’s occupation, F2 - Mother’s occupation and the number of children, F3 - Stress, F4 - Physical activity and number of daily meals). Regression analysis allowed to evaluate the association of body build characteristics and age at menarche with the four factors. Factor 1 and 4 were the only ones which showed a statistically significant association with body build. The results showed that girls who were taller, with smaller arm and waist circumferences and less adiposity came from families with higher parental education and better father’s profession. Taller stature, longer legs and less adiposity characterized girls who were more physically active and consumed more than three meals a day.
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Yiming, Xie, Xu Yue, Kang Meng, and Yan Enrong. "Analysis of plant abundance-based association between community species composition and environmental properties." Biodiversity Science 21, no. 1 (December 23, 2013): 80–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.3724/sp.j.1003.2013.10132.
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Krasnov*, Helena, Itzhak Katra, Victor Novack, and Alina Vodonos. "Analysis of the Association between Indoor PM and Environmental Factors during Dust Storms." ISEE Conference Abstracts 2014, no. 1 (October 20, 2014): 1522. http://dx.doi.org/10.1289/isee.2014.p1-221.
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Du, Linwei, Huizhi Wang, and He Xu. "Analysis of spatial-temporal association and factors influencing environmental pollution incidents in China." Environmental Impact Assessment Review 82 (May 2020): 106384. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eiar.2020.106384.
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Marson, Justin, Stefano Berto, Paul Mouser, and Hilary Baldwin. "Association between Rosacea, Environmental Factors, and Facial Cutaneous Dysbiosis." SKIN The Journal of Cutaneous Medicine 5, no. 5 (September 13, 2021): 487–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.25251/skin.5.5.6.
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Background: To investigate the microbiome composition in individuals with and without rosacea and correlate findings to individual factors that may affect facial cutaneous and enteric microbiome composition. Methods: Participants with and without rosacea (as determined by a board-certified dermatologist) were surveyed regarding factors that may affect the facial cutaneous/enteric microbiome. Microbiome samples were collected, analyzed for 16S sequences, and mapped to an optimized version of existing databases. R was used to perform Mann-Whitney/Kruskal-Wallis test for categorical comparisons. Correlation between two continuous variables was determined with linear regression models. Primary Component Analysis (PCoA) plots employed Monte Carlo permutation test to estimate p-values. All p-values are adjusted for multiple comparisons with the false discovery rate (FDR algorithm) using Benjamini-Hochberg. Results: 84 individuals with rosacea and 44 controls were evaluated. Individuals with rosacea were more likely to currently own pets (p = 0.029) and consume more alcohol (p = 0.006). Absolute bacteria abundance were similar in facial cutaneous (p = 0.36) and enteral microbiome (p = 0.29). Facial cutaneous microbiome showed significantly decreased richness and evenness (OTU: p = 0.019; Shannon: p = 0.049) and a three to four-fold decrease in abundance of 8 distinct cutaneous bacterial genera in rosacea. Enteral microbiome analysis showed significant reduction in abundance of Ruminococcaceae (FDR = 0.002) and Blautia (FDR < 0.001) and increase in Prevotellaceae (FDR = 0.024) in rosacea. Conclusion: Environmental factors may alter relative abundances of specific microbial genera and lead to microbiome diversity. Further studies with increased sample sizes and higher severity cases may further elucidate the role of dysbiosis in rosacea.
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Phan, Thanh Nguyet, Kevin Baird, and Sophia Su. "Environmental activity management: its use and impact on environmental performance." Accounting, Auditing & Accountability Journal 31, no. 2 (February 19, 2018): 651–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/aaaj-08-2016-2686.
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Purpose The study provides an insight into the application and usefulness of activity management (AM) principles in an environmental context. Specifically, the purpose of this paper is to examine the extent of use of environmental activity management (EAM) utilising Gosselin’s (1997) three levels of AM (namely, environmental activity analysis (EAA), environmental activity cost analysis (EACA), and environmental activity-based costing (EABC)). The study also examines the association between EAM and environmental performance, and the role of decision quality as a mediator in this relationship. Design/methodology/approach Data were collected from 208 Australian organisations across different industries using a mail survey questionnaire. Findings The results indicate a relatively high extent of EAA use but a low extent of use of EACA and EABC. In addition, organisations using each level of EAM to a greater extent were found to experience higher levels of environmental performance. Furthermore, the relationship between EAA and EABC with environmental performance was found to be mediated by decision quality. Practical implications The findings suggest that organisations should endeavour to increase their use of EAM, and modify their existing costing systems to consider the drivers and costs of environmental activities. Originality/value This is the first study to empirically examine the extent of use of EAM and its association with environmental performance.
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Pepper, Gillian V., Melissa Bateson, and Daniel Nettle. "Telomeres as integrative markers of exposure to stress and adversity: a systematic review and meta-analysis." Royal Society Open Science 5, no. 8 (August 2018): 180744. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsos.180744.
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Telomeres have been proposed as a biomarker that integrates the impacts of different kinds of stress and adversity into a common currency. There has as yet been no overall comparison of how different classes of exposure associate with telomeres. We present a meta-analysis of the literature relating telomere measures to stresses and adversities in humans. The analysed dataset contained 543 associations from 138 studies involving 402 116 people. Overall, there was a weak association between telomere variables and exposures (greater adversity, shorter telomeres: r = −0.15, 95% CI −0.18 to −0.11). This was not driven by any one type of exposure, because significant associations were found separately for physical diseases, environmental hazards, nutrition, psychiatric illness, smoking, physical activity, psychosocial and socioeconomic exposures. Methodological features of the studies did not explain any substantial proportion of the heterogeneity in association strength. There was, however, evidence consistent with publication bias, with unexpectedly strong negative associations reported by studies with small samples. Restricting analysis to sample sizes greater than 100 attenuated the overall association substantially ( r = −0.09, 95% CI −0.13 to −0.05). Most studies were underpowered to detect the typical association magnitude. The literature is dominated by cross-sectional and correlational studies which makes causal interpretation problematic.
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Khavkin, A. I., and Z. V. Nesterenko. "Environmental biodiversity, human microbiota and association with allergies." Experimental and Clinical Gastroenterology, no. 6 (November 21, 2022): 119–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.31146/1682-8658-ecg-202-6-119-126.
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Background. The article presents modern views on the role of microbiota in the occurrence of atopic pathology. The reasons for the decline in biodiversity, changes in the dynamic balance between macro-microorganisms, violation of the colonization of human ecological niches, which are important in the formation of local and systemic immunity, are considered; the main causes of dysbiosis at an early age, which precedes the formation of allergic diseases (food allergy, atopic dermatitis, allergic rhinitis, asthma), a significant increase in which has been noted in recent decades. Aim: to analyze reviews, articles devoted to the study of the role of the human microbiota, a decrease in its biodiversity in the formation of allergic pathology. Methods: the use of analytical reviews, articles posted in electronic databases: PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, position of the European Academy of Allerogology and Clinical Immunology (EAACI). Conclusion: the analysis made it possible to present the modern role of microorganisms inhabiting the ecological niches of the human body, their dynamic balance on the function of all organs and systems, with consideration of the reasons for the decrease in biodiversity and the subsequent development of allergic diseases; the need to further study the role of not individual pathogens, but the general properties of the microbial population, which will help to change the approach to disease therapy, based not on replacing individual microorganisms, but on restoring the all population.
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van den Berg, Magdalena M., Mireille van Poppel, Irene van Kamp, Annemarie Ruijsbroek, Margarita Triguero-Mas, Christoffer Gidlow, Mark J. Nieuwenhuijsen, et al. "Do Physical Activity, Social Cohesion, and Loneliness Mediate the Association Between Time Spent Visiting Green Space and Mental Health?" Environment and Behavior 51, no. 2 (November 14, 2017): 144–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0013916517738563.
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This cross-sectional study investigated whether physical activity, social cohesion, and loneliness mediate the association between time spent visiting green spaces and perceived mental health and vitality. Questionnaire data were collected from 3,948 residents from 124 neighborhoods across four European cities. Multilevel linear regression analysis revealed positive, but weak, associations between time spent visiting green space and Medical Outcome Study Short Form (SF-36) mental health and vitality score, which suggest small mental health benefits. Single mediation analyses showed that different indicators of physical activity (total, during leisure time, and walking during leisure time), social cohesion, and loneliness were mediators. Multiple mediation analyses showed that physical activity during leisure time and loneliness may explain about 25% of the relationship. The unmediated part of the association suggests that other mediators may explain the association.
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Chong, Siew Huay, Yin Li Tun, Said Zamin Shah, and Ratneswary Rasiah. "Environmental Quality and Economic Growth: An empirical analysis in Asian countries." Environment-Behaviour Proceedings Journal 7, no. 21 (September 30, 2022): 367–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.21834/ebpj.v7i21.3676.
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This study investigates the relationship between environmental quality and economic growth in Asian countries. The findings from Pooled Mean Group (PMG) estimator affirmed the existence of a long-run relationship between environmental quality and economic development. The higher the economic growth, the higher the CO2 consumption. In the short run, economic growth exacts no harmful impact. Researchers and policymakers should be careful about the effect of economic growth and rising incomes on environmental pollution with the prioritisationation of sustainable usage of environmental policy. Investment and consumption of renewable energy that is less harmful to the environment should be focused on minimisingizing environmental pollution. Keywords: environmental quality; economic growth; Asian countries; PMG eISSN: 2398-4287 © 2022. The Authors. Published for AMER ABRA cE-Bs by e-International Publishing House, Ltd., UK. This is an open access article under the CC BYNC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/). Peer–review under responsibility of AMER (Association of Malaysian Environment-Behaviour Researchers), ABRA (Association of Behavioural Researchers on Asians/Africans/Arabians) and cE-Bs (Centre for Environment-Behaviour Studies), Faculty of Architecture, Planning & Surveying, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia. DOI: https://doi.org/10.21834/ebpj.v7i21.3676
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Eggers, Shoshannah, Moira Bixby, Stefano Renzetti, Paul Curtin, and Chris Gennings. "Human Microbiome Mixture Analysis Using Weighted Quantile Sum Regression." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 20, no. 1 (December 21, 2022): 94. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20010094.
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Studies of the health effects of the microbiome often measure overall associations by using diversity metrics, and individual taxa associations in separate analyses, but do not consider the correlated relationships between taxa in the microbiome. In this study, we applied random subset weighted quantile sum regression with repeated holdouts (WQSRSRH), a mixture method successfully applied to ‘omic data to account for relationships between many predictors, to processed amplicon sequencing data from the Human Microbiome Project. We simulated a binary variable associated with 20 operational taxonomic units (OTUs). WQSRSRH was used to test for the association between the microbiome and the simulated variable, adjusted for sex, and sensitivity and specificity were calculated. The WQSRSRH method was also compared to other standard methods for microbiome analysis. The method was further illustrated using real data from the Growth and Obesity Cohort in Chile to assess the association between the gut microbiome and body mass index. In the analysis with simulated data, WQSRSRH predicted the correct directionality of association between the microbiome and the simulated variable, with an average sensitivity and specificity of 75% and 70%, respectively, in identifying the 20 associated OTUs. WQSRSRH performed better than all other comparison methods. In the illustration analysis of the gut microbiome and obesity, the WQSRSRH analysis identified an inverse association between body mass index and the gut microbe mixture, identifying Bacteroides, Clostridium, Prevotella, and Ruminococcus as important genera in the negative association. The application of WQSRSRH to the microbiome allows for analysis of the mixture effect of all the taxa in the microbiome, while simultaneously identifying the most important to the mixture, and allowing for covariate adjustment. It outperformed other methods when using simulated data, and in analysis with real data found results consistent with other study findings.
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Bertazzon, Stefania, Caitlin Calder-Bellamy, Rizwan Shahid, Isabelle Couloigner, and Richard Wong. "A Preliminary Spatial Analysis of the Association of Asthma and Traffic-Related Air Pollution in the Metropolitan Area of Calgary, Canada." Atmosphere 11, no. 10 (October 8, 2020): 1066. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/atmos11101066.
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We performed a preliminary spatial analysis to assess the association of asthma emergency visits (AEV) with ambient air pollutants (NO2, PM2.5, PM10, Black Carbon, and VOCs) over Calgary, Canada. Descriptive analyses identify spatial patterns across the city. The spatial patterns of AEV and air pollutants were analyzed by descriptive and spatial statistics (Moran’s I and Getis G). The association between AEV, air pollutants, and socioeconomic status was assessed by correlation and regression. A spatial gradient was identified, characterized by increasing AEV incidence from west to east; this pattern has become increasingly pronounced over time. The association of asthma and air pollution is consistent with the location of industrial areas and major traffic corridors. AEV exhibited more significant associations with BTEX and PM10, particularly during the summer. Over time, AEV decreased overall, though with varying temporal patterns throughout Calgary. AEV exhibited significant and seasonal associations with ambient air pollutants. Socioeconomic status is a confounding factor in AEV in Calgary, and the AEV disparities across the city are becoming more pronounced over time. Within the current pandemic, this spatial analysis is relevant and timely, bearing potential to identify hotspots linked to ambient air pollution and populations at greater risk.
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Thomas, J. D. R. "Ion-selective electrode and enzyme sensors for flow-type environmental analysis." Collection of Czechoslovak Chemical Communications 56, no. 1 (1991): 178–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1135/cccc19910178.
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Illustrative examples from researches in the author’s laboratories are given of potentiometric ion-selective electrodes (ISEs) and catalytic membrane amperometric electrodes suitable for environmental analysis. The uses of sulphide ISEs are demonstrated for monitoring the activities of sulphate-reducing bacteria, in effluent analysis for sulphide, and in process/effluent analysis for sulphide, thiols and polysulphides. Diquat and paraquat ISEs are discussed in relation to their optimisation in terms of appropriate crown ether and ion-pairing agents, together with prospects of their uses. Catalytic membrane systems for use in electrochemical analysis may be based on metal oxide catalysts or enzymes. The best of the new metal oxide catalysts for hydrogen peroxide analysis in association with an oxygen electrode is based on manganese dioxide and offers an alternative to lead dioxide and catalase. An alternative membrane system for use with a platinum electrode is peroxidase in association with a mediator in order to permit a low potential approach for hydrogen peroxide sensing. Hydrogen peroxide is a product of many oxidase catalysed reactions and its electrochemical detection permits the analysis of a wide range of substrates, illustrated here for glucose in various food products and hypoxanthine in the spoilage of fish meats.
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Ozer, Muhammet, Suleyman Yasin Goksu, Jude Khatib, Salwan Al Mutar, Todd Anthony Aguilera, Herbert Zeh, Shaalan Shaalan Beg, and Syed Mohammad Ali Kazmi. "Association between metastatic pancreatic cancer and environmental quality index." Journal of Clinical Oncology 40, no. 16_suppl (June 1, 2022): e16232-e16232. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2022.40.16_suppl.e16232.
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e16232 Background: Pancreatic cancer ranks as the 3rd leading cause of cancer mortality. Overall more than 50% of patients have metastatic disease at diagnosis. In this study, we evaluated the association between the national level Environmental Quality Index (EQI) and metastatic pancreatic cancer in the US. Methods: Adult patients with pancreatic cancer in the SEER database from 2010-2016 were included in this study. The unknown stage was excluded. Patients were categorized into two groups: metastatic vs. non-metastatic disease. EQI provides county-level environmental quality data from 2005-2010 and presents five domains (built, sociodemographic, air, water, land). EQI was categorized into quintiles, with the 5th quantile representing a poorer environmental quality. We used the multivariable logistic regression analysis to assess the association between EQI quintiles and metastatic pancreatic cancer adjusting by age, gender, and race (White, Black, and Others). In addition, the SEER*Stat was used to evaluate the age-adjusted incidence rate, and the correlation coefficient between EQI domains and incidence rate was calculated. Results: A total of 75,461 pancreatic cancer patients were included; 55% had metastatic disease. In the adjusted multivariable analysis, metastatic pancreatic cancer was associated with poor built EQI (OR 1.06 [1.01-1.11]). Among metastatic pancreatic cancer patients, poor overall EQI was strongly associated with age > 50 years (OR 1.06 [1.01-1.11]) and Black race (OR 1.29 [1.10-1.51]). Lower built EQI domain was associated with > 50 (OR 1.07 [1.02-1.12]) and White race (OR 1.07 [1.02-1.12]). The incidence rate of metastatic pancreatic cancer was positively correlated with total EQI (rho = 0.02, p < 0.001), sociodemographic EQI (rho = 0.23, p < 0.001), land EQI (rho = 0.14, p < 0.001), and air EQI (rho = 0.34, p < 0.001). Conclusions: Using population-based environmental data, we found built EQI to be associated with metastatic pancreatic cancer. Among metastatic pancreatic cancer patients, total environmental quality was associated with older age at diagnosis and the Black race, while built EQI domain was associated with older age at diagnosis and the White race. Environmental quality was positively correlated with the incidence rate of metastatic pancreatic cancer.
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Ozer, Muhammet, Suleyman Yasin Goksu, Jude Khatib, Salwan Al Mutar, Todd Anthony Aguilera, Herbert Zeh, Muhammad Shaalan Beg, and Syed Mohammad Ali Kazmi. "Association between Environmental Quality Index and metastatic pancreatic cancer." Journal of Clinical Oncology 40, no. 4_suppl (February 1, 2022): 521. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2022.40.4_suppl.521.
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521 Background: Pancreatic cancer ranks as the 3rd leading cause of cancer mortality. Overall more than 50% of patients have metastatic disease at diagnosis. In this study, we evaluated the association between the national level Environmental Quality Index (EQI) and metastatic pancreatic cancer in the US. Methods: Adult patients with pancreatic cancer in the SEER database from 2010-2016 were included in this study. The unknown stage was excluded. Patients were categorized into two groups: metastatic vs. non-metastatic disease. EQI provides county-level environmental quality data from 2005-2010 and presents five domains (built, sociodemographic, air, water, land). EQI was categorized into quintiles, with the 5th quantile representing a poorer environmental quality. We used the multivariable logistic regression analysis to assess the association between EQI quintiles and metastatic pancreatic cancer adjusting by age, gender, and race (White, Black, and Others). In addition, the SEER*Stat was used to evaluate the age-adjusted incidence rate, and the correlation coefficient between EQI domains and incidence rate was calculated. Results: A total of 75,461 pancreatic cancer patients were included; 55% had metastatic disease. In the adjusted multivariable analysis, metastatic pancreatic cancer was associated with poor built EQI (OR 1.06 [1.01-1.11]). Among metastatic pancreatic cancer patients, poor overall EQI was strongly associated with age > 50 years (OR 1.06 [1.01-1.11]) and Black race (OR 1.29 [1.10-1.51]). Lower built EQI domain was associated with > 50 (OR 1.07 [1.02-1.12]) and White race (OR 1.07 [1.02-1.12]). The incidence rate of metastatic pancreatic cancer was positively correlated with total EQI (rho=0.02, p<0.001), sociodemographic EQI (rho=0.23, p<0.001), land EQI (rho=0.14, p<0.001), and air EQI (rho=0.34, p<0.001). Conclusions: Using population-based environmental data, we found built EQI to be associated with metastatic pancreatic cancer. Among metastatic pancreatic cancer patients, total environmental quality was associated with older age at diagnosis and the Black race, while built EQI domain was associated with older age at diagnosis and the White race. Environmental quality was positively correlated with the incidence rate of metastatic pancreatic cancer.[Table: see text]
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Oliveira, Nathália França de, and Maria Jacirema Ferreira Gonçalves. "Social and environmental factors associated with the hospitalization of tuberculosis patients." Revista Latino-Americana de Enfermagem 21, no. 2 (April 2013): 507–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0104-11692013000200006.
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OBJECTIVE: to identify social and environmental factors associated with hospitalization of tuberculosis (TB) patients in Manaus, Amazonas, during 2010. METHODS: this is a quantitative cross-sectional epidemiological study, with primary data collection and analysis of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), based on seropositive status. RESULTS: Among social factors for TB-HIV co-infection, the association between alcohol use and dependence was significant for employed workers; among non-co-infections, the association between income less than one minimum wage (U.S. $200) and retired people, Bolsa Família Program [Family Allowance]/other social benefits was significant. Regarding environmental factors, the association was significant for TB-HIV co-infection among those not having their own house, having masonry housing and daily garbage collection; and among non-co-infection, owning their own house, no masonry housing and lack of daily garbage collection was significant. CONCLUSION: The findings indicated that not only social factors, but also environmental ones are associated with hospitalization of tuberculosis patients, and such associations differ according to TB-HIV co-infection. Findings revealed that the non-biological factors associated with hospitalization of tuberculosis patients should be considered when caring patients with this disease.
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Mendoza, Daniel L., Martin P. Buchert, Tabitha M. Benney, and John C. Lin. "The Association of Media and Environmental Variables with Transit Ridership." Vehicles 2, no. 3 (August 12, 2020): 507–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/vehicles2030028.
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Transportation systems are central to all cities, and city planners and policy makers take special interest in assuring these systems are efficient, functional, sustainable, and, increasingly, that they have a positive impact on human health. In addition, vehicular emissions are increasingly costly to cities due to congestion and its impact on public health. This study aims to show the associations between the media and environmental variables and associated transit ridership. By tracking media influence, we illustrated how media coverage and attention to an issue over time may impact public opinion and ridership outcomes, especially at the local level where the issues are most salient. The relationship between air quality and transit ridership shown can be generally explained through a combination of infrastructure and human behavior. The media key terms examined in this analysis show that ridership is associated with favorable weather conditions and air quality, suggesting that ridership volume may be influenced by an overall sense of comfort and safety. Based on this analysis, we illustrated the role of media attention in both increased and decreased transit ridership and how such effects are compounded by air quality conditions (e.g., green, yellow, orange, and red air quality days).
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Gul, Gulsah, Ramazan Yildirim, and Nazar Ileri-Ercan. "Cytotoxicity analysis of nanoparticles by association rule mining." Environmental Science: Nano 8, no. 4 (2021): 937–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d0en01240h.
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Zou, Yunchun, Sekar Ulaganathan, Scott A. Read, Brett A. Davis, and Michael J. Collins. "The Association between Childhood Myopia Prevalence and Environmental Factors in China: A Metaregression Analysis." Journal of Ophthalmology 2020 (October 1, 2020): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/8736314.
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Background. Myopia prevalence varies across the country among schoolchildren in China. Recently, environmental factors have been shown to be important in myopia development and progression. Given China’s geographical diversity with variable environmental factors, we investigated whether environmental factors could explain the regional variations in myopia in mainland China. Methods. We searched PubMed, Web of Science, and Chinese Science Periodical Databases for studies with reports of myopia prevalence in schoolchildren in mainland China from the years 1979 to 2019. Data on environmental factors (annual sunshine hours, temperature, and population density) were obtained from past records. A random-effect univariate metaregression analysis was used to investigate the association between the environmental factors and myopia prevalence and to determine the proportion of variation in regional myopia prevalence that can be attributed to each factor. Results. Forty-nine eligible studies were identified that included 666,864 schoolchildren aged 6 to 20 years. The pooled estimate of myopia prevalence was 32.88% (95% confidence interval: 26.69–39.08%). Univariate metaregression analysis indicated that annual sunshine hours (27.97% of variance), annual temperature (24.66%), and population density (7.06%) significantly contributed to regional myopia prevalence variation (each p < 0.05 ), while seasonal variation in sunshine hours (1.54%, p = 0.604 ) was not a significant predictor of myopia prevalence. However, only annual sunshine hours was significantly associated with myopia prevalence in the multivariate metaregression model. Conclusion. Myopia prevalence in children was higher in regions with low sunshine hours, and annual sunshine hours was significantly associated with regional variation in myopia prevalence in mainland China.
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van Daalen, Kim Robin, Jeenan Kaiser, Samuel Kebede, Gabriela Cipriano, Hassan Maimouni, Ekiomoado Olumese, Anthea Chui, Isla Kuhn, and Clare Oliver-Williams. "Racial discrimination and adverse pregnancy outcomes: a systematic review and meta-analysis." BMJ Global Health 7, no. 8 (August 2022): e009227. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjgh-2022-009227.
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IntroductionRacial discrimination has been consistently linked to various health outcomes and health disparities, including studies associating racial discrimination with patterns of racial disparities in adverse pregnancy outcomes. To expand our knowledge, this systematic review and meta-analysis assesses all available evidence on the association between self-reported racial discrimination and adverse pregnancy outcomes.MethodsEight electronic databases were searched without language or time restrictions, through January 2022. Data were extracted using a pre-piloted extraction tool. Quality assessment was conducted using the Newcastle–Ottawa Scale (NOS), and across all included studies using the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) approach. Random effects meta-analyses were performed on preterm birth and small for gestational age. Heterogenicity was assessed using Cochran’s χ2 test and I2 statistic.ResultsOf 13 597 retrieved records, 24 articles were included. Studies included cohort, case–control and cross-sectional designs and were predominantly conducted in the USA (n=20). Across all outcomes, significant positive associations (between experiencing racial discrimination and an adverse pregnancy event) and non-significant associations (trending towards positive) were reported, with no studies reporting significant negative associations. The overall pooled odds ratio (OR) for preterm birth was 1.40 (95% CI 1.17 to 1.68; 13 studies) and for small for gestational age it was 1.23 (95% CI 0.76 to 1.99; 3 studies). When excluding low-quality studies, the preterm birth OR attenuated to 1.31 (95% CI 1.08 to 1.59; 10 studies). Similar results were obtained across sensitivity and subgroup analyses, indicating a significant positive association.ConclusionThese results suggest that racial discrimination has adverse impacts on pregnancy outcomes. This is supported by the broader literature on racial discrimination as a risk factor for adverse health outcomes. To further explore this association and underlying mechanisms, including mediating and moderating factors, higher quality evidence from large ethnographically diverse cohorts is needed.
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Shafie, Farah Ayuni, Dasimah Omar, and Subramaniam Karuppanan. "Environmental Risk Evaluation of a Sanitary Landfill using Life Cycle Analysis Approach." Asian Journal of Environment-Behaviour Studies 3, no. 8 (May 22, 2018): 89–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.21834/aje-bs.v3i8.282.
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An Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) auditing was carried out at a sanitary landfill in Kuala Langat, Selangor, Malaysia. It was conducted to assess the environmental and health impact of the landfill. The study also includes an environmental risk index and life cycle analysis (LCA) approach to evaluate the facility. The auditing arrives with a conclusion that this facility might pose a hazard to the environment and health if no adequate control measures are taken consistently. Environmental auditing and LCA simulation could become an essential tool in the monitoring of urban planning and development.
Keywords: urban planning, environmental health impacts, environmental management
eISSN 2514-751X © 2018. The Authors. Published for AMER ABRA cE-Bs by e-International Publishing House, Ltd., UK. This is an open-access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/). Peer–review under responsibility of AMER (Association of Malaysian Environment-Behaviour Researchers), ABRA (Association of Behavioural Researchers on Asians) and cE-Bs (Centre for Environment-Behaviour Studies), Faculty of Architecture, Planning & Surveying, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia.
https://doi.org/10.21834/aje-bs.v3i8.282
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Shapiro, Joseph S., and Reed Walker. "Where Is Pollution Moving? Environmental Markets and Environmental Justice." AEA Papers and Proceedings 111 (May 1, 2021): 410–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/pandp.20211004.
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Do US air pollution offset markets disproportionately relocate pollution to or from low-income or minority communities? Concerns about an equal distribution of environmental quality across communities--environmental justice--have growing policy influence. We relate prices and quantities of offset transactions to the demographics of the communities surrounding polluting plants. We find little association of offset prices or offset-induced movements in pollution with the share of a community that is Black or Hispanic or with mean household income. This analysis of 12 prominent offset markets suggests that they do not substantially increase or decrease the equity of environmental outcomes.
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Goksu, Suleyman Yasin, Jude Khatib, Sarah Reddy, Muhammet Ozer, Mary Claire Maxwell, Leticia Khosama, Radhika Kainthla, et al. "Association between environmental quality index and young onset colorectal cancer." Journal of Clinical Oncology 40, no. 4_suppl (February 1, 2022): 75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2022.40.4_suppl.075.
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75 Background: The factors associated with the rise of young-onset colorectal cancer (YOCRC) remain unclear. In addition to hereditary factors, environmental exposures are believed to be associated with YOCRC. Therefore, we aimed to study the association between the national level Environmental Quality Index (EQI) and YOCRC in the US. Methods: We used the SEER database to select the CRC patients diagnosed between 2010-2016. YOCRC was defined based on age at diagnosis < 50 years. EQI (2005-2010) is a measure of county-level cumulative environmental exposures that includes 5 domains: sociodemographic, built, air, land, and water. A higher value represents a lower environmental quality. We distributed the total EQI and each EQI domain into five quintiles. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was used to assess the relationship between YOCRC and quintiles (upper-most vs. lowest) of EQI after adjusting by race (White, Black, and Others), gender, and stage at diagnosis. The age-adjusted incidence rate was also calculated using the SEER*Stat, and correlation efficiency was estimated between EQI domains and incidence rate. Results: A total of 261,417 CRC patients were included; 11% were YOCRC. In the adjusted multivariable analysis, poor built EQI (OR 1.15 [1.11-1.20]) and water EQI (OR 1.08 [1.03-1.12]) were more likely to be associated with YOCRC. Poor built EQI was more strongly associated with Black YOCRC (OR 1.21 [1.09-1.35]) as compared to White YOCRC (OR 1.14 [1.09-1.19]). Poor sociodemographic EQI was more strongly associated with Others (OR 1.47 [1.25-1.72]) compared to Black YOCRC (OR 1.14 [1.03-1.25]). In addition, poor built EQI (OR 1.19 [1.12-1.27]) and water EQI (OR 1.12 [1.05-1.19]) were more strongly associated with the metastatic disease among YOCRC patients. However, the total poor EQI was not associated with YOCRC (OR 0.99 [0.95-1.03]). On incidence analysis, there was a positive correlation between the incidence rate of YOCRC and sociodemographic EQI (rho=0.49, p<0.001), air EQI (rho=0.30, p<0.001), and land EQI (rho=0.18, p<0.001). Conclusions: This study evaluated a population-based ecological approach and showed that YOCRC was associated with lower environmental quality, including built and water domains. EQI domains were also associated with different racial groups among YOCRC. [Table: see text]
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Vicario, A., L. I. Mazón, A. Aguirre, A. Estomba, and C. Lostao. "Relationships between environmental factors and morph polymorphism in Cepaea nemoralis, using canonical correlation analysis." Genome 32, no. 5 (October 1, 1989): 908–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/g89-528.
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The relationship between phenotype distribution of Cepaea nemoralis and environmental factors was investigated at 105 sites in northern Spain, using canonical correlation analysis. Two interpretable canonical correlations were identified between the phenotype and environmental variable groups at the 0.05 level of significance, and canonical loadings were determined for each set of variables. The first canonical correlation represents the association of unbanded phenotypes with rainy and cloudy sites and of the more banded phenotypes (five banded and fused bands) with high degrees of insolation and solar radiation. The second canonical correlation separates yellow from pink phenotypes, associating the former with warm places and the latter with sunny or rainy places. These results indicate that the darkening of the shell observed may be related with climatic selective forces acting in the passage from Green to Brown Iberia climatic regions.Key words: Cepaea nemoralis, polymorphism, climatic selection.
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Jia, Fanli, Kendall Soucie, Kyle Matsuba, and Michael W. Pratt. "Meaning in Life Mediates the Association between Environmental Engagement and Loneliness." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 6 (March 12, 2021): 2897. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18062897.
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Although the positive outcomes of human–environment interactions have been established, research examining the motivation between engagement in pro-environmental activities and psychological well-being is limited. In this mixed-methods study, the relationship between pro-environmental engagement, meaning in life, and well-being, including loneliness and depression, were investigated in a sample of 112 young adults in Canada. It was found that engaging in pro-environmental activities was negatively associated with loneliness. This association was mediated by meaning in life (e.g., an intrinsic motive of caring for future generations). In addition, qualitative analyses explored how engaging in pro-environmental activities has a meaningful impact on meaning in life, and on well-being. A thematic analysis generated three unique themes: (1) responsibility to teach the next generation about the environment, (2) deep appreciation for and connection to nature, and (3) renewed agency through self-directed learning. Overall, findings suggest that meaning in life is a core motive that underlies the association between environmental engagement and loneliness. The present study enriched the relationship between pro-environmentalism and well-being with a mixed-methods perspective.
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Quiros-Gomez, Oscar, Ángela Segura-Cardona, Piedad Agudelo Flórez, Néstor Pinto, Manuel Medina, Andrés F. Henao-Martínez, Mario J. Olivera, and Gabriel Parra-Henao. "Risk factors and spatial analysis for domiciliary infestation with the Chagas disease vector Triatoma venosa in Colombia." Therapeutic Advances in Infectious Disease 9 (January 2022): 204993612210841. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/20499361221084164.
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Background: In Colombia, communities living in the Andean region are the most affected by Chagas disease due to the presence of the main vectors, the environmental and risk factors associated with house infestation. Triatoma venosa is classified as a secondary vector that is frequently found in the departments of Boyaca and Cundinamarca, but epidemiological information and its association with risk factors in domestic and peridomestic areas is unknown. The study aimed to evaluate housing and environmental characteristics associated with domestic and peridomestic infestation by T. venosa and a risk map was estimated. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in municipalities of Boyaca and Cundinamarca, Colombia. From March to July 2015, triatomine infestation screening surveys were conducted in 155 households. Multivariate analysis was performed to evaluate associations with the infestation and ecological niche modeling was estimated using environmental variables. Results: No statistical association was found with any of the housing variables in the adjusted multivariate analysis. However, in raw relationship infestation was associated with bushes < 10 m (OR = 3; 95% CI: 1.3–7.3) and higher temperature p value < 0.05. The developed final risk map pointed to 12 municipalities with no previous report of the disease, which should be sampled for the presence of T. venosa. Conclusion: This study highlights the relationship between environmental factors and T. venosa in Colombia and the importance of modeling tools to improve mapping efforts. Additional studies are needed to verify the association with bushes and higher temperatures and to verify infestation in predicted risk area with no previous report of the species
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Zhang, Yinbing. "Research on Health Effects of Environmental Chemicals Based on Structure and Gene Association Analysis." Materials Physics and Chemistry 1, no. 4 (December 31, 2019): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.18282/mpc.v1i4.791.
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<p>China is a major producer and consumer of chemicals. The production and use of chemicals play a role in the development of the entire national economy. Therefore, effective chemical management has a huge impact on the development of the national economy. At present, chemical management guidelines have achieved a lot in chemical operations, but there are still many shortcomings. Relevant institutions should further improve the standard system, strengthen the coordination of subjective institutions, the supervision and management, establish information standards, complete information sharing, build a feedback system, strengthen the transformation of experimental results and trust training.</p>
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Chen, Xuwei. "A temporal analysis of the association between breast cancer and socioeconomic and environmental factors." GeoJournal 83, no. 6 (November 16, 2017): 1239–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10708-017-9824-5.
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Peng, Hui, Yifan Wang, Yisha Hu, and Hong Shen. "Agglomeration Production, Industry Association and Carbon Emission Performance: Based on Spatial Analysis." Sustainability 12, no. 18 (September 4, 2020): 7234. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12187234.
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Current emission reduction policies have struggled to adapt to the reality of industrial spatial agglomeration and increasing industrial linkages. In response, this paper incorporates new economic geography factors such as agglomeration production and industrial (trade) association into the analysis framework of carbon emission performance factors through China’s provincial panel data and conducts empirical research. It has been found that large-scale industrial production under economic agglomeration is conducive to improving carbon emission performance and that different forms of agglomeration at different degrees of agglomeration correspond to different carbon emission performances. As the degree of agglomeration increases, the effect of reducing emissions by specialized agglomeration decreases while the effect of reducing emissions by diversified agglomeration increases. Specialized agglomeration externalities and diversified agglomeration externalities can coexist at the same time, depending on the appropriate degree of agglomeration. There is a strong negative environmental efficiency effect in the provinces with close commodity trade links, which has triggered environmental dumping and pollution transfer between provinces. In the work of energy conservation and emission reduction, we must attach great importance to the hidden carbon in domestic merchandise trade and the resulting intergovernmental environmental game, and furthermore, give full play to the “self-purification” effect of aggregate production on energy conservation and emission reduction.
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Luo, Yu L. L., Claire M. A. Haworth, and Robert Plomin. "A Novel Approach to Genetic and Environmental Analysis of Cross-Lagged Associations Over Time: The Cross-Lagged Relationship Between Self-Perceived Abilities and School Achievement is Mediated by Genes as Well as the Environment." Twin Research and Human Genetics 13, no. 5 (October 1, 2010): 426–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1375/twin.13.5.426.
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Using longitudinal cross-lagged analysis to infer causal directions of reciprocal effects is one of the most important tools in the developmental armamentarium. The strength of these analyses can be enhanced by analyzing the genetic and environmental aetiology underlying cross-lagged relationships, for which we present a novel approach here. Our approach is based on standard Cholesky decomposition. Standardized path coefficients are employed to assess genetic and environmental contributions to cross-lagged associations. We indicate how our model differs importantly from another approach that does not in fact analyze genetic and environmental contributions to cross-lagged associations. As an illustration, we apply our approach to the analysis of the cross-lagged relationships between self-perceived abilities and school achievement from age 9 to age 12. Self-perceived abilities of 3852 pairs of twins from the UK Twins Early Development Study were assessed using a self-report scale. School achievement was assessed by teachers based on UK National Curriculum criteria. The key cross-lagged association between self-perceived abilities at age 9 and school achievement at age 12 was mediated by genetic influences (28%) as well as shared (55%) and non-shared (16%) environment. The reverse cross-lagged association from school achievement at 9 to self-perceived abilities at 12 was primarily genetically mediated (73%). Unlike the approach to cross-lagged genetic analysis used in recent research, our approach assesses genetic and environmental contributions to cross-lagged associations per se. We discuss implications of finding that genetic factors contribute to the cross-lag between self-perceived abilities at age 9 and school achievement at age 12.
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Gujer, W. "Systems analysis in environmental engineering: how far should we go?" Water Science and Technology 49, no. 8 (April 1, 2004): 37–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2004.0482.
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Systems analysis is identified as a unifying topic of environmental engineering. Based on a questionnaire sent out to peers and based on the experience with an advanced systems analysis course the possible content and association of the content with bachelor and master's programs is discussed. At the bachelor's level it is concluded that an array of topics should be introduced more in an inductive way, going along with the discussion of examples. At the master's level it is suggested that a substantial course, which systematically introduces a broad variety of systems analysis tools, is provided. Such a course should go along with the introduction of a simulation tool, which supports application of systems analysis methods.