Academic literature on the topic 'Environmental analysi'
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Journal articles on the topic "Environmental analysi"
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Raganelli, Biancamaria, and Pierre de Gioia Carabellese. "From the pandemic to the recovery: a legal analysi." Estudios de Deusto 69, no. 2 (December 27, 2021): 185–227. http://dx.doi.org/10.18543/ed-69(2)-2021pp185-227.
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The Covid pandemic has raised various legal issues, fueling the scientific debate on the relationship between fundamental rights and freedoms in the global emergency context. Moreover, a case law has started developing within the different jurisdictions. Additionally, constitutional Courts, in different countries, have ruled over potential conflicts of interest among central powers and local ones, and even some decisa of the Court of Justice of the European Union have started “blossoming” in this area. Against the backdrop of this analysis, the paper discusses the main legal problems sparked off by the declaration of the state of emergency, with a focus on the main EU jurisdictions and with glimpses of non-EU countries. The aim of this is to discuss the balance between fundamental rights and liberties in decisa in different legal systems, as well as the interpretation given to principles of proportionality of the public health measures, adequacy, precaution and loyal collaboration and the relationship between freedom and limits to public power. Bearing this in mind, the purpose of the work is to demonstrate that, first and foremost, in Europe there is room for both a formal and a substantial recognition of common rights and liberties in terms of interpretation and application of constitutional traditions, shared by the different Member States. The relevant adherence to these principles is guaranteed by the European Court of Justice. Second, the recovery after the pandemic is an open challenge. An important opportunity for Europe and its Member States is materialising, and this is to take a step forward on the bumpy path toward a European Political Union capable of strengthening a structure weakened by several earthquakes. A path and a project still plenty of pitfalls that needs to regroup around a central core increasing unification among European peoples (art. 1 TEU), which has never meant to be an alternative to national identity.
Received: 24.11.2021Accepted: 13.12.2021
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Wiryana, Lina, and Yvonne Augustine. "PENGARUH KARAKTERISTIK INFORMASI SISTEM AKUNTANSI MANAJEMEN TERHADAP KINERJA MANAJERIAL DENGAN VARIABEL MODERASI STRATEGI BISNIS, PERCEIVED ENVIRONMENTAL UNCERTAINTY (PEU), KETIDAKPASTIAN TUGAS DAN DESENTRALISASI." Jurnal Magister Akuntansi Trisakti 1, no. 2 (September 17, 2014): 155. http://dx.doi.org/10.25105/jmat.v1i2.4936.
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<p><em>This study aimed to determine the effect of the characteristics of Information management accounting system on managerial performance with business strategy, Perceived Environmental Uncertainty (PEU), task uncertainty and decentralization as a moderating variable. Object of this study is the middle and top level managers of manufacturing companies in the Cikarang industrial area. The samples used in this study were 198. Data were analyzed using Multiple Regression Analysi.</em></p><p><em>The results of the analysis stated, there is a significant positive effect between the characteristics of Information management accounting system on managerial performance. There is a significant positive effect in the interaction characteristics of Information management accounting system with business strategy, Perceived Environmental Uncertainty (PEU), task uncertainty on managerial performance, there is no effect in the interaction characteristics of Information management accounting system with decentralization on managerial performance, also there is effect on simultant ways between business strategy, Perceived Environmental Uncertainty (PEU), task uncertainty and decentralization in the interaction characteristics of Information management and on managerial performance.</em></p>
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Pushparaj, T. Lurthu, and V. Alexander. "High rigid Gd (DO3VA) shows remarkable relaxivity: A novel class of MMI agent engineered for MR analysi." Applied Chemical Engineering 5, no. 1 (April 26, 2022): 51. http://dx.doi.org/10.24294/ace.v5i1.447.
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A novel dinuclear gadolinium(III) complex of an amide linked bispolyazatricarboxylate macrocycle (DO3VA) having 2-bromoisovaleric acid pendant arm is reported. The molecular longitudinal relaxivity of the dinuclear complex [Gd2{acamidoet(DO3VA)2}(H2O)2] is 13.23mM–1s–1 which corresponds to a “per Gd” relaxivity of 6.62 mM–1 s–1 (20 MHz, 37 ± 0.1 °C, pH 7). The “per Gd” r1p value is higher than the relaxivity of the clinically approved CAs. The transverse relaxivity (r2p) of [Gd2{acamidoet(DO3VA)2}(H2O)2] is 14.34 mM–1 s–1. The r2p/r1p values of 1.08 indicate that the complex is T1-weighted CAs. The 2-bromoisovaleric acid seems to be an excellent pendant arm for holding Gd(III) metal ion at any pH. The remarkable stability of the complex at various pH and in presence of protein shows that the ligand can be used as functionality in making new CAs for MRI and the amide core is a versatile core molecule for the creation of polynuclear gadolinium(III) chelates and dendrimeric CAs.
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Malnar, Dario, Tomislav Dokman, and Danijela Lucić. "Okoliš „u rukama“ terorista – analiza terorističkih aktivnosti s ozbiljnim posljedicama po okoliš." Socijalna ekologija 31, no. 1 (2022): 67–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.17234/socekol.31.1.4.
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Rad se fokusira na dva ključna pojma – sigurnost i okoliš – koje se dovodi u vezu s fenomenom terorizma. Analiziraju se terorističke aktivnosti koje ostavljaju ozbiljne posljedice po okoliš, s ciljem ugrožavanja zdravlja i egzistencije ljudi te destabilizacije političkih sustava. Pri tome, umjesto fokusa na konvencionalna sredstva (vatreno oružje, bombe, eksplozivi) i mete (ljudi i materijalna imovina), u radu se problematiziraju teroristički napadi koji ostavljaju velike i dugotrajnije posljedice na okoliš poput onih u kojima su korištena manje konvencionalna sredstva (biološko i kemijsko oružje, požari) kao i onih koji izravno ciljaju okolišne resurse (energiju i prirodne izvore). Empirijska analiza uključuje sve terorističke napade od 1970. do 2018. zabilježene u bazi Global Terrorism Database (GTD), a koji se odnose na biološko i kemijsko oružje, napade podmetanjem požara, ali i napade čije su mete bile mjesta za opskrbu vodom, hranom, plinom, naftom ili strujom. Empirijski dokazi sugeriraju da je od 1970. bilo mnogo terorističkih napada koji zadovoljavaju postavljene istraživačke kriterije. Najčešće su korišteni napadi podmetanjem požara s ukupno 4.200 takvih napada zabilježenih u posljednjih gotovo pedeset godina, a uočen je i značajan porast takvih napada u posljednjem desetljeću. U radu se ukazuje na to da dostupnost i učinkovitost taktika koje ciljaju okoliš, kao što je podmetanje požara ili uporaba kemijskog i biološkog oružja te zagađivanje zaliha vode, tla itd., iako manje konvencionalne, predstavljaju ogromnu prijetnju ljudskoj, nacionalnoj i globalnoj sigurnosti.
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Vorontsova, Anna, Oleksandra Rieznyk, Alla Treus, Zhanna Oleksich, and Nataliia Ovcharova. "Do environmental protection investments contribute to environmentally-oriented SDGS?" Environmental Economics 13, no. 1 (November 30, 2022): 141–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.21511/ee.13(1).2022.12.
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The most vital problems of humanity mentioned in SDGs are the consequences of climate change and biodiversity loss and problems with access to water and forest resources. Although there is a deep understanding of the problems, there are reasons that do not allow finding swift solutions, and the increasing funding gap for the relevant SDGs is one of them. This study aims to establish the connection between environmental protection investments and the achievement of environmentally oriented sustainable development goals across 31 European countries (26 EU Member States, 3 EFTA Countries, and Ukraine as a Candidate to EU). The paper employed the PLS-SEM approach. The obtained results proved that the accumulated amount of environmental protection investments does not have a statistically significant relationship with the integral indicators of SDG 6 “Clear water and sanitation,” SDG 13 “Climate action,” and SDG 15 “Life on land” (the coefficient of determination, the path coefficient, and the reliability coefficients were insignificant). The study of a similar relationship between the level and the directions of SDGs 6, 13, and 15 achievements also did not reveal any significant results. As the last step of the analysis, the hypothesis about a relationship between environmental protection investments and Environmental Performance Index components was also rejected. Therefore, the statistical significance and relevance of the analyzed indicators were not confirmed. Based on this, a conclusion was made about the insufficiency of investment resources for environmental protection to overcome the gap in achieving environmentally-oriented SDGs.
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Inamori, Yuhei, Kazuhito Murakami, Ruka Sato, Nobuyuki Tanaka, Ryuichi Sudo, and Yasushi Kurihara. "Interactions between gems and indigenous microorganisms in aquatic ecosystem." Water Science and Technology 34, no. 7-8 (October 1, 1996): 397–405. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1996.0647.
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This study was conducted to elucidate the interaction and biotic effect of indigenous microorganisms, especially micro animals and bacteria on prosperity and decay of GEMs (genetically engineered microorganisms). Bacterial interaction means competition for substrate to grow between GEMs and indigenous bacteria, and prey-predator interaction means effect of micro animals on survival of GEMs. So, it is considered that basic part of environmental effects of GEMs will be made clear with analysi of these phenomena. Escherichia coli HB101/pBR325 as GEM, its host strain E. coli HB101, and Bacillus cereus MC as one of dominant species of indigenous bacteria were supplied. As predator the micro animals,Tetrahymena thermophila (ciliata, filter feeder) and Aeolosoma hemprichi (oligochaeta, detritus feeder) were supplied. The results obtained from this study can be concluded as follows: 1) GEMs showed few potentials to beat their host strains in their growth competition; 2) predation of micro animals influenced equally GEMs and their host strains, and these microorganisms, such as bacteria, were expected to decrease in environment; 3) fluculation enabled GEMs to escape from predation of micro animals, but GEMs were not expected to survive long-term because various predator species of micro animals exist in environment; 4) effect of micro animals, especially their predation, on survival of GEMs was so important that more practical research should be conducted; 5) it suggests that the results obtained from this study can be used to establish regular guidelines for environmental release of GEMs such as bioremediation technologies.
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Rofiana, Vifin. "DAMPAK PEMUKIMAN KUMUH TERHADAP KELESTARIAN LINGKUNGAN KOTA MALANG (Studi Penelitian di Jalan Muharto Kel Jodipan Kec Blimbing, Kota Malang." Indonesian Journal of Public Administration (IJPA) 1, no. 1 (May 30, 2015): 40–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.52447/ijpa.v1i1.73.
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Pertumbuhan penduduk saat ini telah meningkat dan tidak sejalan dengan semakin meningkatnya kebutuhan hidup. Kondisi ekonomi yang mendesak dan kurangnya kesempatan kerja di pedesaan sehingga menyebabkan migrasi yang tinggi. Jumlah penduduk dan peningkatan migrasi dari daerah pedesaan tidak diimbangi dengan lahan yang tersedia di daerah perkotaan akhirnya memunculkan beberapa isu seperti munculnya kawasan kumuh. Selanjutnya, dampak dari kawasan kumuh terhadap kualitas lingkungan perlu intensif prihatin dengan pemerintah daerah, sektor swasta, LSM, dan masyarakat umum. Kata Kunci: Analisis Dampak Lingkungan, Area Kumuh, PendudukToday population growth has escalated and not balanced also with the increase of the necessities of life. The economy condition is urgent and lacking of job opportunities in rural area so that causes high flow migration. The number of inhabitants and the increase of migration from rural area not balance with the available land in urban areas then finally rise to varying issues such as the emergence of slum areas. Further, the impact of slum areas towards environmental quality needs to be intensively concerned by local government, private sectors, NGO, and general community. Keywords: Impact Analysi, Environment, Slum Areas, Population
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Mikielewicz, Renata. "Zmiana paradygmatu. Aspekty środowiskowe jako imperatyw zmiany w środowisku mieszkaniowym." Środowisko Mieszkaniowe, no. 39 (October 31, 2022): 88–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.4467/25438700sm.22.015.16593.
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Sacrum w przestrzeni zamieszkiwania przedstawia szacunek dla niewidzialnego. Ludzie, tworząc prywatne sanktuaria w domach, stawiając przydrożne krzyże i kapliczki, podkreślają swoją potrzebę bezpieczeństwa i ochrony w codziennym życiu. Ale dzisiejsze sanktuaria są inne; architektoniczne i urbanistyczne środki wyrazu różnią się od tych z poprzednich stuleci. Jednocześnie często odnoszą się lub wykorzystują ten sam język by wyrazić ideę sacrum. Pogłębiona analiza prac teoretycznych i przykładów realizacji oparta na wieloletnich badaniach naukowych i obserwacji realizowanych obiektów pozwala autorce na sformułowanie tezy o zmianie paradygmatu zjawiska, które można zdefiniować jako sacrum w środowisku mieszkaniowym. The Paradigm Change. Environmental Aspects as Transformative Imperative in the Housing Environment The sacred in the habitation space depicts respect for the unseen. The people underlined their fear and hope for safety, comfort, and well-being in the sanctuaries inside their homes or roadside crosses and chapels. But contemporary shrines are different; architectural and urban means and solutions differ from those from previous ages. At the same time, they refer to or even use the same elements to express the holy. An expanded analysis of theoretical works and design examples based on longtime research and observations of the described phenomenon allows the author to formulate a thesis about a strongly changing paradigm in what one can describe as the sacred in a housing environment.
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Mondal, Anindya. "Jhumur Song: A Geo – Environmental Analysis." Journal of Advances and Scholarly Researches in Allied Education 15, no. 6 (July 1, 2018): 35–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.29070/15/57671.
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Tomšík, P. "Environmental analysis in the winegrowing industry." Agricultural Economics (Zemědělská ekonomika) 48, No, 7 (March 1, 2012): 298–302. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/5324-agricecon.
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Environmental analysis in the winegrowing industry is necessary for strategic management of businesses in this industry. The paper is focused on PEST analysis and pays attention to individual factors. It emphasizes the necessity of adjustment of the Czech legislation to the EU conditions, fulfilment of its conditions, e.g. compulsory registration of vineyards. In the field of economics, it is necessary to pay attention to renovation of vineyards with the help of subsidies from the state budget because the industry contributes to keeping the cultural level of the region and the human resources on the territory. It can be also a source of the environmental pollution. The technology of vine processing follows the changes in viniculture, changes of growing-technology and of the structure of white and red varieties. In conditions of the Czech Republic, it means to gradually transfer to production of quality varieties of vines by gradual renovation, which has to be a priority. The winegrowing sector is the industry with the highest value added also in the Czech Republic, and its share in the total agricultural production in a region can reach a significant level.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Environmental analysi"
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BOLFI, BIANCA. "Target and non-target LC-MS/MS analysis of cosmetic, food and environmental samples." Doctoral thesis, Università del Piemonte Orientale, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/11579/97187.
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LAMONACA, EMILIA. "Analysis of Socio-Economic and Environmental Sustainability of Barley Supply Chain: a Healthy Crop for Human Nutrition." Doctoral thesis, Università di Foggia, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/11369/362032.
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La ricerca ha lo scopo di fornire evidenze sui benefici, in termini di salubrità, sostenibilità ambientale ed efficienza produttiva, dell’orzo (Hordeum vulgare L.), una coltura ampiamente diffusa in Puglia (Italia).
Al fine di perseguire questo obiettivo generale, lo scopo della ricerca è duplice: (i) studiare la percezione dei consumatori circa la qualità dei prodotti biologici, in termini di sostenibilità e salubrità, e analizzare come e in che misura la qualità percepita dei prodotti biologici è influenzata dalla presenza di informazioni in etichetta relative alla qualità e dal profilo socio-demografico dei consumatori; (ii) confrontare la coltivazione dell’orzo in regime biologico e convenzionale, in condizioni pedo-climatiche favorevoli, al fine di valutare i potenziali impatti ambientali ed individuare la migliore soluzione in termini di sostenibilità ambientale ed efficienza produttiva.
È stato usato un approccio basato su una Combinazione tra una variabile casuale Uniforme discreta e una variabile casuale Binomiale traslata, denominato modello CUB per analizzare le preferenze dei consumatori in termini di due componenti latenti, il livello di attrazione verso l’item considerato (feeling) e l’incertezza connessa alle modalità della raccolta delle risposte (uncertainty).
È stata usata la metodologia della valutazione del ciclo di vita, Life Cycle Assessment (LCA), usando alternativamente come Unità Funzionali (FU) 1 ha di terra destinata alla coltivazione di orzo per testare la sostenibilità ambientale, e 1 kg di granella secca di orzo per testare l’efficienza produttiva.
I risultati del modello CUB evidenziano che la presenza di informazioni specifiche sull’etichetta dei prodotti (e.g. etichetta ambientale, certificazione biologica, indicazioni salutistiche) fanno percepire i prodotti biologici come prodotti di qualità superiore. I risultati sottolineano anche come il profilo socio-demografico dei consumatori svolge un ruolo fondamentale ne determinare il meccanismo di acquisto dei prodotti.
I risultati di LCA mostrano che la coltivazione di orzo biologico è più sostenibile da un punto di vista ambientale (ma non è produttivamente efficiente), viceversa la coltivazione di orzo convenzionale è più efficiente da un punto di vista produttivo (ma non è sostenibile per l’ambiente). I risultati relativi all’efficienza produttiva e alla sostenibilità ambientale dovrebbero essere bilanciate da assunzioni metodologiche (la scelta dell’unità funzionale, il procedimento di allocazione) e da elementi qualitativi (la qualità della coltura, l’adattabilità a specifiche condizioni pedo-climatiche). L’unità funzionale di superficie (1 ha) è preferibile per l’analisi delle fasi di coltivazione in campo, mentre l’unità funzionale di massa (1 kg) è consigliabile per la valutazione di un contesto più ampio, quale un’intera filiera.
La ricerca tenta di colmare la mancanza esistente nella letteratura economica relativa alla coltura dell’orzo, che rappresenta un punto di forza per le aziende agricole e di trasformazione pugliesi, grazie alle sue caratteristiche di sostenibilità e salubritàThe scope of the research is to provide evidences about the benefits, in terms of healthiness, environmental sustainability, and productive efficiency, related to barley (Hordeum vulgare L.), a widespread crop in the Apulia region (italy). Seeking to pursue this general goal, the aim of the research is twofold: (i) investigating consumers’ perception about quality of organic food, in terms of sustainability and healthiness, and analyzing how and to what extent perceived quality of organic food is influenced by the presence of information related to quality on food products’ label, and consumers’ socio-demographic profile; (ii) comparing organic and conventional cultivation of barley, under favorable pedo-climatic conditions, to evaluate the potential environmental impacts related to the cultivation of barley and to identify the most suitable solution in terms of environmental sustainability and productive efficiency. An approach based on Combination of Uniform and shifted Binomial random variables, named CUB model, was performed to analyze consumers’ preference in terms of two latent components, feeling and uncertainty. A Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) was performed alternatively using, as Functional Units (FUs), 1 ha of land involved in cultivation of barley to seek environmental sustainability and 1 kg of dry matter grains of produced barley to check productive efficiency. Findings from CUB models highlight that the presence of specific information on food’s label (e.g. environmental label, organic certification, healthy claims) contributes to perceive organic food as food of superior quality. Results also underline how consumers’ socio-demographic profile plays a significant role in driving food purchasing decision mechanism. Findings from comparative LCA show that organic barley cultivation is the most environmentally sustainable solution (but not efficient in production), vice versa conventional barley cultivation is the solution most efficient in production (but not environmentally sustainable). Efficiency in production and environmental sustainability may be balanced with methodological assumptions (choice of functional unit, allocation procedure) and qualitative elements (crop quality and adaptiveness to specific pedo-climatic conditions). A land-based FU is preferred in the analysis of the agricultural stage, while a mass-based FU is suitable for the assessment of a wider context, such as the entire supply chain. The research seeks to fill the lack, existing in economic literature, about barley crop, which is a potential strength for Apulian farms and firms, thanks to its sustainability and healthiness properties.
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LUZZI, MATTEO. "Small scale Cogenerative Energy Systems with low Environmental impact for Naval applications." Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Genova, 2022. http://hdl.handle.net/11567/1082823.
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Considering the recent introduction of restrictions on air pollutant onboard ships and the increasing interest towards more energy efficient naval transportation, an effort is made in the present thesis to assess the possible design of a novel engine unit. More specifically, in the current regulation context, Gas Turbines are a promising alternative to current diesel engines, thanks to lighter fuel requirements, low NOx pollutants and the potential to run in combined cycle architecture with cogeneration strategies. While their application has shown clear advantages and drawbacks on large ships, there seems to be little if no data concerning smaller units. The present work tries to assess the possible design of a radial turbine for an engine to be employed onboard ships as a Mini Gas Turbine, i.e. up to 5 MW output power, taking into account cycle, aerodynamic and structural design. To this purpose, a platform was built in Ansys Workbench to perform Computational Fluid Dynamics and thermo-mechanical Finite Element simulations aimed to design and optimize such a novel radial turbine.
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Cairo, V. "MOTIVAZIONI, VALUTAZIONE E PROSPETTIVE NELLA PARTECIPAZIONE DEGLI AGRICOLTORI ALLE MISURE AGRO-AMBIENTALI:ANALISI QUALI-QUANTITATIVA SU UN CAMPIONE DI AZIENDE LOMBARDE." Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Milano, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/2434/341976.
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Agro-environmental measures (AEMs) are policy instruments in the European Union that pay farmers for voluntary environmental commitments and protection of the European countryside.
The first AEMs were introduced by Reg. 2078/1992, thank to the MacSharry Reform. In this time they were “accompanying measures” and they were used to sustain rural income after decoupling and the abolishment of internal price support.
In the following programming period it became mandatory to every Member State to consider Agro-environmental measures part of their Rural Developing Programs and they became one of the most important instrument of the EU for rural areas.
Investigating literature about AEMs, we understand that the determinants of farmers’ participation were not only to be searched on farm structure and farmers’ characteristics, but also in personal attitudes using the Ajzen’s Theory of Planned Behavior (1991).
We collect 227 questionnaires of farmers participating in Agro-environmental measures in Lombardy during the last programming period in order to evaluate the perceptions of the respondents on the policy and explore motivations that drive farmers in the participation, evaluating both farm structural factors and their attitudes.
The study is composed by two main parts: one is focused on the construction of the identikit of the “standard participant” through a Likert scale survey and a qualitative analysis, and the other one is focused on modeling factors affecting the subscription of agro-environmental contracts.
In the first part, farmers answer questions concerning their perceptions about the role of conventional and environmental friendly agriculture, the impact of AEMs in their daily practices and economic aspects associated with them. They identify the reasons that push them to participate, the functions of the farm and the future they imagine for their business.
Through a classifications of farmers using personal and farm characteristics, we subdivides the sample and we try to understand how this parameters influence the answers and to typify the AEMs’ participant.
In the second part we implemented a logit model in order to answer the question “which are the determinants for the participation in agro-environmental measures in the next programming period?”, matching farm characteristics and farmers’ personal attitudes.
Farmers choose to participate in AEMs for environmental reasons and to value their own production on the market. Most of them are interested in increasing their income through the measures.
They are strongly aware of agriculture’s role of environmental manager and public goods producer but they aren’t satisfied with the recognition that is given by the decision-maker. In particular farmers criticize the Administration for procedures, bureaucracy and inspection but, finally, they want to continue to participate in AEMs.
Factors affecting the participation are linked to farm characteristics, such as its UAA or its membership to organic farms, and to the farmers perceptions on some issues, such as stiffness of control and satisfaction on the environmental performances of the measures.
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ROTA, GRAZIOSI ANDREA. "EVALUATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF DIETARY STRATEGIES ON ENVIRONMENTAL SUSTAINABILITY OF DAIRY COW MILK PRODUCTION." Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Milano, 2022. http://hdl.handle.net/2434/924352.
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The livestock sector is facing different challenges, and the demand for higher sustainability seems to be one of the most urgent. This PhD project debated, in particular, the environmental impacts related to ruminant nutrition, focusing on dairy cows, since nutrition is bound tightly to two of the most important sources of impact: enteric CH4 emission and land use change (LUC). Enteric CH4 emission from ruminants represents 29-38% of the total (anthropic + natural) emission of this powerful (21 CO2 equivalent) greenhouse gas. The production of CH4 is a physiological process used by ruminants to discharge the [H] resulting from rumen fermentation. Different strategies can be implemented to mitigate this impact, and they can be roughly grouped into three main categories: animal and feed management, diet formulation, and rumen manipulation. The second issue investigated in the project is the high reliance of European livestock on soybean meal as a protein source for diet formulation. A total of 30 million tonnes of this feedstuff was imported into Europe in 2020. The main countries of origin are in South America (65% of total import), where 20% of soybean meal production was linked with deforestation (and consequently LUC) in the last decades. Clearing these areas means loss of carbon sink and emission of CO2 in the atmosphere. Other feedstuffs, like grain legumes, oilseed meals alternative to soybean, and high quality forages could be considered to provide protein feed with a lower environmental cost.
In this context, the PhD project was developed as follows:
To address the problem of CH4 emission, plant essential oils, as modulators of rumen fermentation, were evaluated (Experiment 1). Furthermore, the effect on CH4 emission of different forages in the diet of dairy cows was investigated (Experiment 2). For validation of mitigation strategies and inventory computation of emissions at a national scale, country-specific equations to quantify CH4 emission were evaluated (Experiment 3).
To address the problem of soybean meal environmental impact, soybean silage and responsible soybean meal (not connected with land use change) were evaluated as protein source alternatives to soybean meal in the diet of lactating cows (Experiments 4 and 5).
Enteric methane direct emission
In the first experiment, Achille moschata essential oil and its main pure components, namely bornyl acetate, camphor, and eucalyptol, were evaluated in an in vitro experiment. The trial comprehended a short-term in vitro incubation (48 h), with 200 mg of compound per L of inoculum, and a long-term one by continuous fermenter (9 d), with 100 mg/L for each compound. In the first incubation, no differences due to the treatments were found for in vitro gas production (on average, 30.4 mL/200 mg DM, P = 0.772 at 24 h and 45.2 mL/200 mg DM, P = 0.545 at 48 h). Camphor and eucalyptol reduced CH4 production when expressed as % of gas production at 48 h (P < 0.05): -7.4% and -7% compared to control. In the second incubation, CH4 was reduced by eucalyptol (-18%, P < 0.05). Regarding volatile fatty acids, the main effects were a decrease of total production for camphor (-19.5%, P < 0.05) and an increase in acetate production at 9 d with bornyl acetate and camphor (+13% and 7.6%, respectively, P < 0.05) compared to control. Total protozoa count was increased compared to the control (on average: +37%, P = 0.006, at 48 h and +48%, P < 0.001, at 9 d) with all the pure compounds tested. In the short-term incubation, all the treatments reduced Bacteroidetes (30.3%, on average, vs. 37.1% of control, P = 0.014) and Firmicutes (26.3%, on average, vs. 30.7% of control, P = 0.031) abundances but increased Proteobacteria (36.0%, on average, vs. 22.5% of control, P = 0.014). In the long-term incubation, eucalyptol increased the genus Ruminococcus abundance (2.60% vs. 1.18% of control, P = 0.011). An adaptation at long time incubation was observed. In particular, considering eucalyptol addition at 9 d incubation, VFA production was reduced (26.8 vs. 33.3 mmol of control, P < 0.05) contrary to the 48 h incubation (P = 0.189). Furthermore, the treatments affected protozoa genera relative abundances at 24 h (increased abundance for Entodinium with all the treatments, P < 0.001, and reduced for Diplodinium, P = 0.001); at 9 d, instead, protozoa genera relative abundances were not affected by the treatment. The additives tested showed potential in reducing CH4 production without compromising the overall fermentation efficiency.
A meta-analysis (Experiment 2) investigated the effects on lactation performance and enteric CH4 of the main forage included in the diet. In the dataset, composed of in vivo experiments, four main forage bases were evaluated: corn silage, alfalfa silage, grass silage, and green forage. Cows fed corn, and alfalfa silages had the highest DMI (21.9 and 22.0 kg/d, P < 0.05) and milk yield (29.7 and 30.4 kg/d, P < 0.05). On the opposite, NDF digestibility was highest for grass silage and green forage (67.6% and 73.1%, P < 0.05) than corn and alfalfa silages (51.8% on average). CH4 production was lower (P < 0.05) for green forage (332 g/d) than the silage diets (on average 438 g/d). Instead, corn silage and alfalfa silage gave the lowest CH4 per kg of milk yield (14.2 g/kg and 14.9 g/kg, P < 0.05). Considering CH4 per kg of DMI, the only difference was between corn silage and grass silage (19.7 g/kg vs. 21.3 g/kg respectively for corn and grass silage, P < 0.05). Finally, prediction models for CH4 production were obtained through a step-wise multi regression. In particular, the models for the prediction of:
CH4 in g/d (CH4 = - 65.3(±63.7) + 11.6(±1.67) × DMI - 4.47(±1.09) × CP - 0.86(±0.33) × Starch + 2.62(±0.78) × OM digestibility + 30.8(±9.45) × Milk fat)
and for
CH4 in g/kg of milk yield (CH4/milk yield = - 55.5(±20.1) - 0.37(±0.13) × DMI + 0.18(±0.05) × Total forage inclusion on diet DM - 0.10(±0.04) × Inclusion of the main forage on diet DM + 0.48(±0.21) × OM + 0.14(±0.06) × NDF + 1.98(±0.86) × Milk fat +4.34(±1.66) × Milk protein)
showed high precision (R2 = 95.4% and 88.6%, respectively), but the best AIC value (320) was found for the model predicting CH4 in g/kg DMI:
CH4/kg DMI = 6.16(±3.89) - 0.36(±0.03) × CP + 0.12(±0.05) ×OM digestibility + 3.77(±0.56) × Milk fat - 3.94(±1.07) × Milk fat yield.
A dataset (66 observations in total) of three in vivo experiments conducted in Italy on lactating cows in respiration chambers was built to evaluate IPCC Tier 2 equations to estimate enteric CH4 production (Experiment 3). In the dataset, the CH4 conversion factor (conversion of gross energy intake into enteric CH4 energy) was lowest for a diet based on grass and alfalfa silages (5.05%, P < 0.05), while the others values ranged between 5.41 and 5.92%. On average, energy digestibility was 69.0% across the dataset, but the diet based on hays had a lower value (64.8%, P < 0.05). The IPCC (2019) Tier 2 (conversion factor = 5.7% or 6.1% for diet with NDF concentration < 35% or >35%, respectively; digestible energy = 70%) gave, on average, a value of CH4 production not statistically different from the ones measured in vivo (382 vs. 388 g/d in vivo, P > 0.05). The IPCC (2006) Tier 2 (conversion factor = 6.5%, digestible energy = 70%) over-predicted CH4 emission (428 vs. 388 g/d in vivo, P < 0.05; μ = -1.05). The most precise models were the two considering digestible energy equal to 70% and average values of conversion factor for IPCC (2006) and IPCC (2019) (R = 0.630); the most accurate models was the one considering a conversion factor equal to 5.7% and energy digestibility measured in vivo (Cb = 0.995). Overall, the best performance among the predicting models tested was for the one based on a conversion factor equal to 5.7% and energy digestibility of 70% (CCC = 0.579 and RMPSE = 9.10%).
Use of alternative protein source to conventional soybean meal
The dietary inclusion of soybean silage in partial replacement of soybean meal for dairy cows was evaluated in vivo in lactating cow diets (Experiment 4). Cows were fed two diets, one with 12.4% of DM from soybean silage in substitution of 35% of the soybean meal of the control diet. The treatment did not affect DMI and milk yield (on average, 23.7 kg/d, P = 0.659, and 33.0 kg/d, P = 0.377, respectively). Cows fed the soybean silage diet had lower milk protein concentration (3.43% vs. 3.55% of the control, P < 0.001) and higher milk urea (30.5 vs. 28.7 mg/dL, P = 0.002). The soybean silage had lower nutrient digestibility than the control: DMD 65.2% vs. 68.6%, OMD 66.4% vs. 69.8%, NDFD 31.5% vs. 38.8% (respectively for soybean silage and control diet; P < 0.001 for all of them). Regarding N balance, cows fed soybean silage excreted more nitrogen in the urines (32.3 % of N intake vs. 28.9%, P = 0.005) and less in the milk (31.3% vs. 32.7%, P =0.003) than the control. When used as a protein source alternative to soybean meal, soybean silage sustained comparable milk production, but NDF digestibility and N use efficiency should be improved.
The environmental impact of the use of soybean silage in comparison to a control diet with soybean meal as the main protein source was evaluated through an LCA approach (Experiment 5). In addition, two scenarios were included in the study, considering the two diets mentioned before, but with soybean meal not connected to LUC (responsible soybean meal). Regarding the single forages, soybean silage had higher global warming potential than alfalfa hay (477 vs. 201 kg CO2eq/ton DM), also when this was expressed per tonnes of protein production (2439 and 1034 kg CO2eq/ton CP, respectively), probably due to the lower contribution of the cultivation phase for alfalfa, being a multi-year crop. The scenario with soybean silage reduced the global warming potential per kg of fat and protein corrected milk (1.17 kg CO2eq) compared to the control (1.38 kg CO2eq). Responsible soybean meal reduced the global warming potential per kg of fat and protein corrected milk (1.13 kg CO2eq/kg vs. 1.38 of the scenario with the control diet). Overall, the best result per kg of fat and protein corrected milk was obtained when responsible soybean meal and soybean silage were used in combination (1.01 kg CO2eq). Also, when global warming potential was evaluated per daily fed TMR, the impact was lowest for the scenario with responsible soybean meal (13.4 kg CO2eq/d) due to the lower contribution of soybean meal to the total impact (11% vs. 43% of the control). Therefore, the two alternative protein sources tested should be preferred when considering environmental impact compared to conventional soybean meals.
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Feldman, Alicia. "Environmental equifinality: (Re)Examining predictors of specific responsible environmental behaviours in Australian recreational fishing environments." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2021. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/208423/1/Alicia_Feldman_Thesis.pdf.
Full textAbstract:
Environmental stewardship is essential to conserving recreational fishing areas. This thesis explores the characteristics of Australians engaged in such stewardship. A novel theoretical perspective (complexity theory) and methodology (fuzzy-set qualitative comparative analysis) uncovers complex configurational mechanisms, with multiple equifinal solutions identified as sufficient for performance of stewardship behaviours. Configurations predictive of stewardship differ between environmental organisation members and non-members. While there are numerous, varied configurations sufficient for performance among environmental organisation members, there are fewer among non-members, indicating only a specific subset of non-members perform these behaviours. These findings can inform targeted recruitment and engagement strategies for environmental stewardship participation.
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Wall, Tamara. "A content analysis : health and environmental risk factors of children in methamphetamine living environments /." Available to subscribers only, 2008. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1559858731&sid=1&Fmt=2&clientId=1509&RQT=309&VName=PQD.
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Palmieri, Roberto Hoffmann. "Impactos socioambientais da certificação Rainforest Alliance em fazendas produtoras de café no Brasil." Universidade de São Paulo, 2008. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/91/91131/tde-01102008-143502/.
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O impacto da certificação foi o tema central desse projeto de pesquisa que consistiu em identificar o seu efeito sobre variáveis de interesse, isolado de outras fontes de variação. Para isso, uma metodologia de avaliação de impacto foi adaptada e testada para analisar a Certificação Socioambiental Rainforest Alliance da Rede de Agricultura Sustentável RAS na cafeicultura em Minas Gerais. A Certificação Socioambiental cresceu significativamente em fazendas produtoras de café no Brasil e no mundo desde sua criação em 1998 até o ano 2007. Os produtos vendidos com essa certificação carregam consigo a mensagem que vêm de sistemas de produção que promovem mais desenvolvimento humano e mais conservação da biodiversidade quando comparados aos sistemas convencionais. Contudo, o processo de Certificação Socioambiental não mede diretamente essas diferenças. Na rotina da certificação, o auditor avalia a conformidade dos sistemas de produção a padrões pré-estabelecidos. A ausência de avaliações de impactos pode acarretar questionamentos referentes às reais transformações decorrentes da certificação. Outro questionamento refere-se à elaboração das normas, as quais foram formuladas em processos de consulta pública com as partes interessadas, as quais estabelecem uma referência do que é desejável segundo a percepção de cada participante. Esses atores, num determinado momento ou contexto, podem ter dado maior ênfase a alguns aspectos que outros e não explicitam quais os problemas dos sistemas de produção conve ncional que pretendiam superar. Além disso, podem ocorrer mudanças de conduta e paradigmas nos sistemas convencionais que podem afetar no tempo as decisões das consultas públicas. Como parte do objetivo desse projeto pretendeu-se obter uma referência de sistemas de produção com e sem certificação como subsídio para elaboração das normas de certificação e para orientação dos trabalhos dos auditores. O método de avaliação de impacto utilizado foi comparar os empreendimentos agrícolas certificadas com os nãocertificados de forma a obter o cenário contrafactual, isto é, qual seria a situação dos empreendimentos certificados se, hipoteticamente, não tivessem passado pelo processo de certificação. A amostra foi de seis empreendimentos agrícolas do Sul de Minas e dez do Cerrado Mineiro, um total de 444 trabalhadores entrevistados. Os resultados foram gerados por meio da análise quantitativa dos dados primários obtidos por meio de entrevistas com os trabalhadores e com a administração da fazenda, análise de imagens de satélite e observações de campo. Os três temas selecionados para testar a metodologia foram bem estar dos trabalhadores, preservação da biodiversidade e conservação dos recursos hídricos e redução da poluição. Os resultados afirmaram a importância da Certificação Socioambiental para promoção da conservação da biodiversidade e do desenvolvimento humano no curto e longo prazo. Porém, não foram identificados impactos em alguns aspectos analisados, bem como uma manifestação distinta dos impactos nas regiões. A metodologia mostrou-se apropriada para identificar os impactos da certificação e para definir uma referência que contribua substancialmente para construção das normas e para orientar o trabalho de auditoria de forma a acentuar a contribuição da Certificação Socioambiental para promover a conservação da biodiversidade e o desenvolvimento humano.The impact of certification was this research project´s major focus, which consisted of the identification of the effect of certification over interest variables, isolated from other sources of variation. Specifically in this dissertation, an impact assessment methodology was adapted and tested to analyze the impact of Rainforest Alliance socioenvironmental certification scheme, utilized by the Sustainable Agriculture Network - SAN (in Portuguese, RAS), in coffee plantations located in Minas Gerais State, Brazil. Socio-environmental certification has increased significantly in coffee-producing farms in Brazil, as well as worldwide, since its creation in 1998 up to 2007. Commercialized products with this type of certification carry a message that they are rooted in production systems which promote greater human development and biodiversity conservation values when compared to conventional systems. However, the socio-environmental certification process does not currently measure these differences in a direct way. During certification procedures, an auditor assesses whether production systems are accomplishing pre-established standards. The absence of impact assessments might raise doubts regarding real transformations provoked by certification. Another doubt relates to the establishment of such standards, which were elaborated in public meetings among interested parties that established a reference about what is desirable according to each participants perception. These stakeholders, in a given moment or context, may have emphasized some particular aspects without clarifying which of the problems of the conventional systems they intended to solve. Moreover, changes might occur in the conduct or paradigms of conventional systems which can affect decisions made in public meetings. As part of this projects objective, it was intended to obtain a reference for production systems with and without certification, to subsidize the establishment of standards and to guide auditing procedures. The impact assessment method utilized was based on comparing certified and non-certified agricultural enterprises in such a way as to obtain a non-factual scenario, in other words, what would occur in the certified enterprises if, hypothetically, they had not been targeted by certification. The sample consisted of sixteen agricultural enterprises in Brazil. Results were generated through quantitative analyses of primary data gathered through interviews with farm workers and managers, satellite image analyses, and field observations. There technical issues selected to test the methodology were worker welfare, biodiversity preservation and water resource conservation, and pollution impact. Results indicate an important role of Socio-environmental Certification in promoting conservation of biodiversity and human development in the short and long run. Some analyzed aspects did not present impacts, however, and some impacts presented a differentiated response in different regions. The methodology used was concluded to be suitable for identifying certification impacts and for defining a reference to substantially contribute to building standards, as well as guide auditors´ work in such a way as to increase the contribution of socio-environmental certification to biodiversity conservation and human development.
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Reddy, Shaada. "Adult conceptions of the environment: an analysis of a formal curriculum in Environmental Education." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/18323.
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This research reports on an evaluation of conceptions of the environment held by a group of students at the University of Cape Town. This group of students were all registered for the degree of Bachelor of Education, and included in their curricula the elective in Environmental Education. The research attempts to describe the constructivist approach as implemented in the course in Environmental Education over a prescribed period, and to explore the impact of such an approach on student conceptions. The research was conducted primarily through the use of two questionnaires together with unstructured interviews. The results of the questionnaires and interviews were used to assess both qualitatively and quantitatively the development of student conceptions of the environment. The first questionnaire was administered early on in the course, while the second was administered towards the end of the course. In this way it was possible to make a comparative study of the responses. The results indicate that the course contributed to some shift in student conceptions of the environment, and that it contributed also towards the development of environmental attitudes, values and behaviour. The work concludes with suggestions for developing aspects of the course design, in the light of insights gained by this research.
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Arndt, Stephanie, Gunnar Gaitzsch, Carsten Gnauck, Christoph Höhne, Anne-Karen Hüske, Thomas Kretzschmar, Ulrike Lange, Katrin Lehmann, and André Süss. "The Relation between Corporate Economic and Corporate Environmental Performance." Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2011. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:14-qucosa-38454.
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For almost 40 years researchers have been trying to identify the relationship between corporate environmental and corporate economic performance. Neither theoretical debate nor empirical studies investigating the relationship show conclusive results. Within a field research seminar at Technische Universität Dresden, nine students conducted a meta-analysis of 124 studies to assess different aspects of the relationship between corporate economic and corporate environmental performance. In the first part of our paper, we analyze and present the theoretical background based on a review of literature. In the second part, we test for empirical evidence. At first, the conceptual frameworks and measurement methods for corporate economic and corporate environmental performance are discussed. We also look at the impact of environmental performance on shareholder value. Thereafter, we examine the influence of time, industries and publication bias. In conclusion, our research indicates that the quality of journals merits further examination to improve results.
Books on the topic "Environmental analysi"
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Strel'nikov, Viktor, and Natal'ya Chernysheva. Analysis and forecast of environmental pollution. ru: INFRA-M Academic Publishing LLC., 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/1030338.
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The proposed textbook deals with various aspects of the analysis, prediction and evaluation of various types of impacts on the environment. It is intended to provide future ecologists with an idea of the main types of habitats of living organisms, the main types of impacts on environmental components, methods of sampling in different environments, as well as their analysis. The basic concepts of environmental impact assessment on environmental components, environmental forecasting and modeling are analyzed.
For undergraduate students of higher educational institutions in the field of "Ecology and nature Management". It may be of some interest to specialists of related specialties.
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Wolfgang, Kleiböhmer, ed. Environmental analysis. New York: Elsevier, 2001.
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Canada. Canadian Environmental Assessment Agency. Canadian Environmental Assessment Agency working for Canada's environment. Ottawa: Canadian Environmental Assessment Agency, 2000.
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H, Klehr Edwin, ed. Nuclear environmental chemical analysis. Chichester, West Sussex, England: E. Horwood, 1987.
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Khoshoo, T. N. Mahatma Gandhi and the environment: Analysis Gandhian environmental thought. New Delhi: TERI Press, 2009.
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Khoshoo, T. N. Mahatma Gandhi and the environment: Analysis Gandhian environmental thought. New Delhi: TERI Press, 2009.
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Khoshoo, T. N. Mahatma Gandhi and the environment: Analysis Gandhian environmental thought. New Delhi: TERI Press, 2009.
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S, John M., and Energy and Resources Institute, eds. Mahatma Gandhi and the environment: Analysis Gandhian environmental thought. New Delhi: TERI Press, 2009.
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Khoshoo, T. N. Mahatma Gandhi and the environment: Analysis Gandhian environmental thought. New Delhi: TERI Press, 2009.
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Reeve, Roger N. Environmental analysis. Edited by Barnes John D. Chichester: Published on behalf of ACOL (University of Greenwich) by J. Wiley, 1994.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Environmental analysi"
1
Baker, Michael J. "Environmental analysis." In Marketing, 22–36. London: Macmillan Education UK, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-21395-5_2.
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Baker, Michael J. "Environmental Analysis." In Marketing: An Introductory Text, 34–49. London: Macmillan Education UK, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-25139-1_2.
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Rennie, P. J. "Environmental analysis." In High Performance Liquid Chromatography, 234–47. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-0597-2_11.
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Lindholm, Roy C. "Environmental Analysis." In A Practical Approach to Sedimentology, 235–59. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-7683-5_11.
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Santelli, Ricardo Erthal, Marcos Almeida Bezerra, Julio Carlos Afonso, Maria de Fátima Batista de Carvalho, Eliane Padua Oliveira, and Aline Soares Freire. "Environmental Analysis." In Handbook of Green Analytical Chemistry, 475–503. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781119940722.ch22.
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Li, Yanmei, and Sumei Zhang. "Environmental Analysis." In Applied Research Methods in Urban and Regional Planning, 311–30. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-93574-0_14.
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Mitra, Somenath, Pradyot Patnaik, and Barbara B. Kebbekus. "Environmental Sampling." In Environmental Chemical Analysis, 37–58. Second edition. | Boca Raton : CRC Press, [2018] | Previous edition by B.B. Kebbekus and S. Mitra.: CRC Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9780429458200-2.
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Radojevic, Miroslav, and Vladimir N. Bashkin. "Environmental Standards." In Practical Environmental Analysis, 431–44. Cambridge: Royal Society of Chemistry, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/9781847552662-00431.
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Vinson, James E., Joseph C. Bernier, Gregg D. Croft, and Juin J. Liou. "Environmental Protection." In ESD Design and Analysis Handbook, 85–109. Boston, MA: Springer US, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-0321-7_3.
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Rodi, Michael. "Environmental Economics." In Economic Analysis of Public Law, 273–338. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-66089-8_7.
Full textConference papers on the topic "Environmental analysi"
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Bullard, Kalesha, Yannick Schroecker, and Sonia Chernova. "Active Learning within Constrained Environments through Imitation of an Expert Questioner." In Twenty-Eighth International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence {IJCAI-19}. California: International Joint Conferences on Artificial Intelligence Organization, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.24963/ijcai.2019/283.
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Active learning agents typically employ a query selection algorithm which solely considers the agent's learning objectives. However, this may be insufficient in more realistic human domains. This work uses imitation learning to enable an agent in a constrained environment to concurrently reason about both its internal learning goals and environmental constraints externally imposed, all within its objective function. Experiments are conducted on a concept learning task to test generalization of the proposed algorithm to different environmental conditions and analyze how time and resource constraints impact efficacy of solving the learning problem. Our findings show the environmentally-aware learning agent is able to statistically outperform all other active learners explored under most of the constrained conditions. A key implication is adaptation for active learning agents to more realistic human environments, where constraints are often externally imposed on the learner.
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Lee, Bonghee, Ilkwun Nam, Wooseok Yang, Chankyo Lee, and Dongjae Lee. "ASME Sec. III NB-3200-Based Environmental Fatigue Analysis of Safety Injection Piping for Determining Postulated Rupture Locations." In ASME 2022 Pressure Vessels & Piping Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2022-81565.
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Abstract Branch Technical Position (BTP) 3-4 provides a guideline to determine postulated rupture locations for ASME Class 1 piping. This guideline contains criteria related to the maximum cyclic stress ranges and cumulative usage factor (CUF) by using only NB-3600-based procedure which may have conservative analysis results for determining postulated rupture locations. Recently issued BTP 3-4 Rev.3 provides two different CUF limits of 0.1 for air environments and 0.4 for Light Water Reactor (LWR) environments, respectively, for determining postulated rupture locations. To calculate CUFen considering the effects of the LWR environments, the fatigue usage factor determined in the air environments based on NB-3200 or NB-3600 of ASME B&PV Sec. III is multiplied by the environmental fatigue correction factor (Fen) based on Regulatory Guide 1.207 (RG 1.207). The Fen values may vary depending on the LWR environment conditions and the maximum Fen can be determined as a factor of approximately 14 for stainless steels. Also, RG 1.207 requires to use the new design fatigue curves (DFC), which have been developed recently by Argonne National Laboratory, to perform the environmental fatigue analysis. Since the new DFC predicts much shorter fatigue lives than the current DFC given in ASME B&PV Sec. III for stainless steels, the CUFen in the LWR environments could be significantly increased. For these reasons, many points in piping systems could be determined to be postulated rupture locations due to exceeding the CUFen limit of 0.4 in the LWR environments. In this paper, NB-3200- and NB-3600-based stress analyses and fatigue analyses considering both the air environments and the LWR environments for the safety injection (SI) piping have been performed to evaluate the conservatism of NB-3600-based stress analysis results and to review the effects of the LWR environments for determining postulated rupture locations.
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Tom, Eugene, Milton Dong, and Hong Ming Lee. "Study of the Effects of Environment in the Fatigue Analysis on Existing LWR as Proposed in USNRC RG 1.207." In ASME 2009 Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference. ASMEDC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2009-77915.
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US NRC Regulatory Guide 1.207 Rev. 0 provides guidance for use in determining the acceptable fatigue life of ASME pressure boundary components, with consideration of the light-water reactor (LWR) environment. Because of significant conservatism in quantifying other plant-related variables (such as cyclic behavior, including stress and loading rates) involved in cumulative fatigue life calculations, the design of the current fleet of reactors is satisfactory. For new plants under design and current operating plants considering applying for License Renewal, the environment effects may need to be considered in the design. RG 1.207 proposes using an environmental correction factor (Fen) to account for LWR environments by correcting the fatigue usage calculated with the ASME “air” curves. The Fen method is presented in NUREG/CR-6909, “Effect of LWR Coolant Environments on the Fatigue Life of Reactor Materials”. By definition, Fen is the ratio of fatigue life of the component material at room temperature air environments to its fatigue life in LWR coolant at operating temperature. To incorporate environmental effects into the fatigue evaluation, the fatigue usage is calculated using provisions set forth in Section III of the ASME Code, and is adjusted by multiplying a correction factor. The calculated Fen values are then used to incorporate environmental effects into ASME fatigue usage factor evaluation. Once the environmental correction factors have been determined, the previously calculated allowable number of cycles for each load set pair based on the current Code fatigue design curve can be adjusted to determine the new fatigue usage factors for environmental effects. This paper presents a study of the effect of the Regulatory Guide if it is to be implemented on the current fleet of LWR. A quick assessment of the sensitivity of the various environmental parameters is also included in this paper. The comparison of environmental effects between the simplified approach in this paper and the results with detailed computer analyses, such as Unisont’s propriety computer code UPIPENB (Ref. 4), will be our next research project to be presented in the future conference.
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Ludwig, M., and S. A. Asher. "UV Resonance Raman Studies of Aromatic Amino Acids and Proteins." In Laser Applications to Chemical Analysis. Washington, D.C.: Optica Publishing Group, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/laca.1987.pdp3.
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The ultraviolet resonance Raman (UVRR) excitation profiles have been measured for the aromatic amino acids phenylalanine, tryptophan, tyrosine and tyrosinate. Resonance excitation enhances Raman scattering from vibrational modes that distort the ground state configuration towards the configuration of the excited state. The excitation profile maxima are red-shifted with respect to the absorption spectral maxima for each aromatic amino acid. These excitation profiles indicate the excitation required to maximally enhance a particular aromatic amino acid residue in a protein. Individual aromatic amino acids in environmentally distinguishable positions in a protein may have slightly different transition energies, and could therefore be identified and distinguished by proper tuning of the excitation frequency. For example, surface tyrosyl residues in hydrophilic environments will have lower lying excited states due to extensive hydrogen bonding. These residues will be maximally enhanced with longer wavelength excitation than residues buried in hydrophobic pockets within a protein. The frequency of certain vibrational bands, particularly those known to be influenced by substituents on the aromatic ring may also be indicative of the local environment. The relative intensities of other enhanced bands may also contain information concerning specific local environment. For example, the relative intensity of the peaks of the 830/850 cm-1 Fermi resonance doublet of tyrosine are known from normal Raman studies to be sensitive to hydgrogen bonding. Vibrational substructure is not observed in absorption spectral measurements due to the breadth of the absorption spectral features. The vibrational substructure is amplified in the resonance Raman excitation profiles.
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Cuvilliez, Sam, Alec McLennan, Kevin Mottershead, Jonathan Mann, and Matthias Bruchhausen. "INCEFA-PLUS Project: Lessons Learned From the Project Data and Impact on Existing Fatigue Assessment Procedures." In ASME 2020 Pressure Vessels & Piping Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2020-21106.
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Abstract The INCEFA+ project (INcreasing Safety in nuclear power plants by Covering gaps in Environmental Fatigue Assessment) is a five year project supported by the European Commission HORIZON2020 programme, which will conclude in June 2020. This project aims to generate and analyse Environmental Assisted Fatigue (EAF) experimental data (approximately 230 fatigue data points generated on austenitic stainless steel), and focuses on the effect of several key parameters such as mean strain, hold times and surface finish, and how they interact with environmental effects (air or PWR environment). This work focuses on the analysis of the data obtained during the INCEFA+ project. More specifically, this paper discusses how the outcome of this analysis can be used to evaluate existing fatigue assessment procedures that incorporate environmental effects in a similar way to NUREG/CR-6909. A key difference between these approaches and the NUREG/CR-6909 is the reduction of conservatisms resulting from the joint implementation of the adjustment sub-factor related to surface finish effect (as quantified in the design air curve derivation) and a Fen penalization factor for fatigue assessment of a location subjected to a PWR primary environment. The analysis presented in this paper indicates that the adjustment (sub-)factor on life associated with the effect of surface finish in air (as described in the derivation of the design air curve in NUREG/CR-6909) leads to substantial conservatisms when it is used to predict fatigue lifetimes in PWR environments for rough specimens. The corresponding margins can be explicitly quantified against the design air curve used for EAF assessment, but may also depend on the environmental correction Fen factor expression that is used to take environmental effects into account.
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David H. Fleisher. "Preliminary Analysis of Plant Response to Environmental Disturbances in Controlled Environments." In 2002 Chicago, IL July 28-31, 2002. St. Joseph, MI: American Society of Agricultural and Biological Engineers, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.13031/2013.9536.
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Diaz, Nancy, Moneer Helu, Stephen Jayanathan, Yifen Chen, Arpad Horvath, and David Dornfeld. "Environmental analysis of milling machine tool use in various manufacturing environments." In 2010 IEEE International Symposium on Sustainable Systems and Technology (ISSST). IEEE, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/issst.2010.5507763.
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Kawamoto, Mitsuru, and Akio Sashima. "Method for Analyzing Interactions in Pedagogical Environments using Environmental Sound Analysis." In 2021 Second International Conference on Intelligent Data Science Technologies and Applications (IDSTA). IEEE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/idsta53674.2021.9660815.
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Mierauskas, Pranas. "An Overview of Development of Sustainable Agriculture in Lithuania." In 11th International Conference “Environmental Engineering”. VGTU Technika, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/enviro.2020.757.
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The purpose of this review paper is to analyse and evaluate the development of sustainable agriculture in Lithuania from 1990 to the present and to evaluate possibilities, willingness and motivation of farmers to participate in sustainable agriculture. It was established that sustainable agriculture developed from environmentally friendly agriculture and later from organic agriculture. Initially, organic agriculture prevailed and included compliance with environmental requirements; however, later it incorporated social and economic approaches as well. This paper analyses the organic farming practices that stimulated the development of sustainable agriculture. Agri-environmental agriculture has been found to be more popular with farmers as it provides compensatory payments and requires basic environmental knowledge. This work compares farmers’ motivation to participate not only in agri-environmental measures, but also in sustainable agriculture. Noteworthy, agri-environmental measures also have elements of sustainable development. The work compares the results of previous research on farmers’ motivation and willingness to participate in environmentally friendly farming measures. The research reveals that participation in voluntary programmes has to be economically encouraged. The main findings are as follows: sustainable agriculture developed from organic agriculture gradually by integrating principles of sustainable development; the results of comparative analysis discovered that farmers with deeper understanding of environmental protection are more motivated to implement farming that relies on sustainable agriculture approaches. The research is based on analysis and evaluation through such methods as descriptive and comparative data analysis in previous and recent periods and questionnaire based data collection in order to evaluate new types of farming.
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Bagdžiūnaitė-Litvinaitienė, Lina, Andrius Litvinaitis, and Laurynas Šaučiūnas. "Influence of Anykščiai City on Šventoji River Water Quality." In Environmental Engineering. VGTU Technika, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/enviro.2017.068.
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Increasing migration of nutrients in the river water is a major factor in determining the quality of river water due to anthropogenic activities. In order to preserve the good water quality in rivers and other surface water bodies, it is necessary to take preventive measures that can be scientific water quality research and analysis. According to research carried out in kind, the article analyses the Anykščiai city as point source pollution, and the influence of it to the water quality of Šventoji river. Also, based on the statistical information a nutrient concentrations trend analysis of the meteorological and hydrological con-ditions influence was carried out. Investigations were carried out in July-September of 2016. Concentrations of ammonium (NH4-N), nitrite (NO2-N), nitrate (NO3-N), phosphate (PO4-P) and dissolved oxygen (O2) was analysed. In order to determine the impact of point source pollution on river water quality, the changes in concentration before and beyond Anykščiai city were evaluated, according to the meteorological and hydrological conditions. It was found that total nitrogen (Nb) and total phos-phorus (Pb) concentrations during the investigation period respectively, increases in 6% and 8%.
Reports on the topic "Environmental analysi"
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Morkun, Volodymyr, Sergey Semerikov, Svitlana Hryshchenko, Snizhana Zelinska, and Serhii Zelinskyi. Environmental Competence of the Future Mining Engineer in the Process of the Training. Medwell Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.31812/0564/1523.
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A holistic solution to the problem of formation of ecological competence of the future engineer requires the definition of its content, structure, place in the system of professional competences, levels of forming and criteria of measurement the rationale for the select on and development of a technique of use of information, communication and learning technologies that promote formation of ecological competence. The study is of interest to environmental competence of future mining engineer as personal education, characterized by acquired in the process of professional preparation professionally oriented environmental knowledge (cognitive criterion), learned the ways of securing environmentally safe mining works (praxiological criterion) in the interests of sustainable development (axiological criterion) and is formed by the qualities of socially responsible environmental behavior (social-behavioral criterion) and consists of the following components: understanding and perception of ethical norms of behaviour towards other people and towards nature (the principles of bioethics); ecological literacy; possession of basic information on the ecology necessary for usage in professional activity the ability to use scientific laws and methods in evaluating the environment to participate in environmental works to cany out ecological analysis of activities in the area industrial activities to develop action plans for the reduction of the anthropogenic impact on the environment; ability to ensure environmentally balanced activities, possession of methods of rational and integrated development georesource potential of the subsoil.
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Miller, R. L. Environmental analysis support. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), June 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/450773.
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Black, Richard, Joshua Busby, Geoffrey D. Dabelko, Cedric de Coning, Hafsa Maalim, Claire McAllister, Melvis Ndiloseh, et al. Environment of Peace: Security in a New Era of Risk. Stockholm International Peace Research Institute, May 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.55163/lcls7037.
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The environmental crisis is increasing risks to security and peace worldwide, notably in countries that are already fragile. Indicators of insecurity such as the number of conflicts, the number of hungry people and military expenditure are rising; so are indicators of environmental decline, in climate change, biodiversity, pollution and other areas. In combination, the security and environmental crises are creating compound, cascading, emergent, systemic and existential risks. Without profound changes of approach by institutions of authority, risks will inevitably proliferate quickly. Environment of Peace surveys the evolving risk landscape and documents a number of developments that indicate a pathway to solutions––in international law and policy, in peacekeeping operations and among non-governmental organizations. It finds that two principal avenues need to be developed: (a) combining peace-building and environmental restoration, and (b) effectively addressing the underlying environmental issues. It also analyses the potential of existing and emerging pro-environment measures for exacerbating risks to peace and security. The findings demonstrate that only just and peaceful transitions to more sustainable practices can be effective––and show that these transitions also need to be rapid.
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Blyde, Juan S., and Mayra A. Ramírez. Exporting and environmental performance: where you export matters. Inter-American Development Bank, January 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0003922.
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Empirical analyses that rely on micro-level panel data have found that exporters are generally less pollutant than non-exporters. While alternative explanations have been proposed, firm level data has not been used to examine the role of destination markets behind the relationship between exports and pollution. In this paper we argue that because consumers in high-income countries have higher valuations for clean environments than consumers in developing countries, exporters targeting high-income countries are more likely to improve their environmental outcomes than exporters targeting destinations where valuations for the environment are not high. Using a panel of firm-level data from Chile we find support to this hypothesis. A 10 percentage point increase in the share of exports to high-income countries is associated with a reduction in CO2 pollution intensity of about 16%. The results have important implications for firms in developing countries aiming to target high-income markets.
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Jones, Robert, Molly Creagar, Michael Musty, Randall Reynolds, Scott Slone, and Robyn Barbato. A 𝘬-means analysis of the voltage response of a soil-based microbial fuel cell to an injected military-relevant compound (urea). Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), November 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/45940.
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Biotechnology offers new ways to use biological processes as environmental sensors. For example, in soil microbial fuel cells (MFCs), soil electro-genic microorganisms are recruited to electrodes embedded in soil and produce electricity (measured by voltage) through the breakdown of substrate. Because the voltage produced by the electrogenic microbes is a function of their environment, we hypothesize that the voltage may change in a characteristic manner given environmental disturbances, such as the contamination by exogenous material, in a way that can be modelled and serve as a diagnostic. In this study, we aimed to statistically analyze voltage from soil MFCs injected with urea as a proxy for gross contamination. Specifically, we used 𝘬-means clustering to discern between voltage output before and after the injection of urea. Our results showed that the 𝘬-means algorithm recognized 4–6 distinctive voltage regions, defining unique periods of the MFC voltage that clearly identify pre- and postinjection and other phases of the MFC lifecycle. This demonstrates that 𝘬-means can identify voltage patterns temporally, which could be further improve the sensing capabilities of MFCs by identifying specific regions of dissimilarity in voltage, indicating changes in the environment.
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Shapovalov, Yevhenii B., Viktor B. Shapovalov, Fabian Andruszkiewicz, and Nataliia P. Volkova. Analyzing of main trends of STEM education in Ukraine using stemua.science statistics. [б. в.], July 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.31812/123456789/3883.
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STEM-education is a modern effective approach that nowadays can be interpreted in very different ways and it even has some modification (STEM/STEAM/STREAM). Anyway, the “New Ukrainian school” concept includes approaches similar to STEM-education. However, there wasn’t analyzed the current state of STEM-education in Ukraine. We propose to analyses it by using SEO analysis of one of the most popular STEM-oriented cloud environment in Ukraine stemua.science. It is proposed to use the cycle for cloud-based educational environments (publishing/SEO analysis/team’s brainstorm/prediction/creation of further plan) to improve their efficiency. It is found, that STEM-based and traditional publications are characterized by similar demand of educational process stakeholders. However, the way how teachers and students found the publication proves that traditional keywords (47.99 %) used significantly more common than STEM keywords (2.67 %). Therefore, it is proved that STEM-methods are less in demand than traditional ones. However, considering the huge positive effect of the STEM method, stemua.science cloud educational environment provides a positive effect on the educational process by including the STEM-aspects during finding traditional approaches of education by stakeholders of the educational process.
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DEPARTMENT OF THE AIR FORCE WASHINGTON DC. Environmental Impact Analysis Process. Environment Assessment. U.S. Air Force, Space Division Advanced Launch System (ALS) Concept Selection. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, August 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada268551.
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Sylvia, J. M., J. W. Haas, K. M. Spencer, M. M. Carrabba, R. D. Rauh, R. W. Forney, and T. M. Johnston. Field Raman Spectrograph for Environmental Analysis. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), July 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/3969.
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Skinner, F. D. Environmental engineering and analysis: Final report. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), March 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/6162959.
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Corbus, D., and V. Putsche. Environmental analysis of biomass-ethanol facilities. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), December 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/179175.
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