Relevant bibliographies by topics / Environmental accountability

Academic literature on the topic 'Environmental accountability'

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Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 13 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Environmental accountability"

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Lehman, Glen. "Environmental accountability: Australia's experience." Social and Environmental Accountability Journal 14, no. 1 (April 1994): 11–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/0969160x.1994.9651488.

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Bouma, J. J., and D. Huisingh. "Business and environmental accountability." Journal of Cleaner Production 2, no. 2 (January 1994): 124. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0959-6526(94)90014-0.

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Melamed, Ann. "Environmental Accountability in Perioperative Settings." AORN Journal 77, no. 6 (June 2003): 1157–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0001-2092(06)60978-2.

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Buhr, Nola. "SOCIAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL ACCOUNTABILITY JOURNAL." Social and Environmental Accountability Journal 31, no. 1 (April 2011): 109. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/0969160x.2011.556438.

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Bebbington, Jan. "SOCIAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL ACCOUNTABILITY JOURNAL." Social and Environmental Accountability Journal 31, no. 1 (April 2011): 111. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/0969160x.2011.556440.

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Parker, Lee D. "Social and environmental accountability research." Accounting, Auditing & Accountability Journal 18, no. 6 (December 2005): 842–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/09513570510627739.

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Walton, Julia, Tony Alabaster, and Kathryn Jones. "Environmental Accountability: Who's Kidding Whom?" Environmental Management 26, no. 5 (November 2000): 515–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002670010109.

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O'Riordan, Timothy. "Electricity privatization and environmental accountability." Energy Policy 17, no. 2 (April 1989): 141–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0301-4215(89)90095-5.

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Milne, Christopher D. A. "Environmental accountability: New Zealand's experience." Social and Environmental Accountability Journal 13, no. 2 (September 1993): 9–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/0969160x.1993.9665792.

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Sofronova, Ekaterina, Cameron Holley, and Vijaya Nagarajan. "Environmental Non-Governmental Organizations and Russian Environmental Governance: Accountability, Participation and Collaboration." Transnational Environmental Law 3, no. 2 (May 19, 2014): 341–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s2047102514000090.

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AbstractThis article examines the role of environmental non-governmental organizations (ENGOs) in Russia and the impact of tightening governmental accountability measures. Drawing on 18 interviews conducted in 2012–13 with Russian and international ENGOs, the article examines three key governance issues, namely: the collaborative relationship between the state and ENGOs, the impact of accountability measures on ENGO activities, and the relationships between ENGOs themselves. The findings reveal that ENGOs maintain a legitimate and effective role within Russian environmental governance. However, their legitimacy and success is significantly limited and threatened by increasing accountability measures and state actions. The article accordingly identifies a number of recommendations for increasing the likelihood of successful ENGO action in Russian environmental governance, including improving ENGO collaboration with the state and resolving tensions between participation and accountability.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Environmental accountability"

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Lopez, Jaclyn Marie. "Environmental NGO Accountability: Project Management through Evaluation." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/190650.

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Amengual, Matthew. "Flexibility with accountability : an experiment in environmental governance." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/33015.

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Thesis (M.C.P.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Urban Studies and Planning, 2005.
Includes bibliographical references (leaves 174-177).
Command and control environmental regulation has been under attack from all sides for some time. In Wisconsin, the Department of Natural Resources is experimenting with an alternative form of environmental governance. This new program uses cooperative agreements to provide flexibility to firms in exchange for "superior environmental performance." The program attempts to change norms of adversarial and rule driven regulation, to norms of cooperative and flexible regulation. To maintain democratic accountability, firms that take part in the program are required to create a group of interested community participants. This thesis explores regulatory relationships within this program and under command and control through three case studies. These case studies reveal that flexibility can provide opportunity for greater environmental performance and that bottom up participation can provide a measure of democratic accountability. However, this democratic accountability was compromised by lack of access to expertise among participants, lack of clarity in roles, and difficulty handling conflict. The difficulties faced in this program highlight the need for the state to take a proactive role even when moving away from command and control. Nevertheless, these cases show potential for a shift towards cooperation in regulation through opening spaces for firms, regulators, and communities, to engage in deliberation.
by Matthew Amengual.
M.C.P.
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Dummett, Kel, and kel_123@yahoo com. "Corporate Environmental Responsibility." RMIT University. Architecture and Design, 2009. http://adt.lib.rmit.edu.au/adt/public/adt-VIT20090501.144600.

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This thesis uses document analysis and semi-structured personal interviews to look at current strategies and policies of major companies to manage the life cycle environmental risks associated with their products and processes, which I refer to as corporate environmental responsibility (CER); The thesis also explores what some national governments are and could be doing to encourage greater environmental responsibility from companies. As environmentalists and climate scientists have been warning for decades, and now world leaders are coming to realise, the world faces serious environmental challenges, none more urgent than climate change. A failure to act to mitigate the risks associated with this one challenge, as Stern (2006, pii) asserts �could create risks of major disruptions to economic and social activity�. A major proportion of the world�s environmental problems can be attributed directly to production, use and disposal of products (Tukker & Jansen, 2006), and as this thesis will argue, national government policies to encourage or force greater environmental responsibility from producers are required to reduce risks and mitigate impacts. In recent decades national governments have been reluctant to intervene in the market place, preferring to rely on voluntary mechanisms, but as will be discussed in greater detail, there is now an increasingly critical voice (Zarsky, Roht-Ariaza & Brottem, 2002; Hirschland, 2003; Archer & Piper, 2003; Vogel 2005; Hay et al, 2005) that questions the effectiveness of voluntary corporate responsibility as it is currently practiced, which subsequently raises the question: what role national governments, and international governance should take? The primary data sources for this thesis are personal interviews with senior business leaders from 25 major companies, recorded public speeches, both web and non-web based corporate public relations material, and personal interviews with key academics in the field, environmentalists and corporate analysts, conducted mainly between 2002 and 2004. The analysis of this data has sought to investigate the attitudes of major companies to: - corporate environmental responsibility, though some interrelated aspects of social responsibility are also considered; - what drives them to take greater responsibility to reduce their environmental risks; - government policies, especially possible legislation to encourage and/or force CER. In addition through case studies of: - one industry sector - two major companies, and - one industry sector pilot study; as well as secondary research on several other companies, this thesis investigates what some companies are saying and doing about corporate environmental responsibility. This will lead to a short discussion of the degree to which these companies� rhetoric of responsibility matches their actions � that is how much they are �walking the talk�. The thesis also looks at the current potential of national governments in encouraging and/or forcing greater CER, then contrasts the development and implementation of national policies for CER in Australia with those in Europe, focussing on CER as it relates to products in the electrical and electronics industry. The thesis concludes with some observations and suggestions on policies of major companies and of national governments, as well as international governance, to encourage greater CER.
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Solomon, Jeremiah Mfon. "The role of accountability in enhancing environmental sustainability : evidence from Nigeria." Thesis, De Montfort University, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/2086/16342.

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The stakeholder perspectives on corporate social responsibility (CSR) approach that could boost firm’s environmental performance, particularly in developing countries, is scarce in literature. In addressing this gap, this research examines the perceptions of stakeholders on accountability perspectives on CSR (APCSR) contribution to environmental sustainability drawing evidence from three groups of environmental stakeholders in oil and gas (O&G) industry in Nigeria. A holistic approach was adopted by employing an extensive theoretical framework, which integrates Stakeholder, Social Contract, Accountability, and Reasoned Action theories. A programme of quantitative enquiry was employed in conducting the investigation and a total of 418 respondents from the three groups of participants included in the survey. Using multi-variate analytical technique, the thesis investigates the mediating role of accountability in the nexus of environmental sustainability factors. In evaluating the multi-variables understudy, the exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses were used along with structural equation modelling and multi-group invariance analysis. The findings suggest that stakeholders differ significantly on the role of accountability in enhancing CSR contribution to environmental sustainability. Whereas the external stakeholders perceive that APCSR has high tendency to boost corporate commitment to environmental sustainability, firms’ propensity to align CSR initiatives with real/potential pollution impacts, and corporate transparency on environmental impacts information, the internal stakeholders’ data only support transparency. The thesis contributes to environmental sustainability and CSR literature by offering a framework of CSR contribution to sustainability with a Four-Step Environmental Sustainability (FSES) model that positions accountability as a mediating factor that could boost corporate responsiveness. The key theoretical implication is that where a company breaks its social contract obligations of pollution prevention and environmental protection, the community stakeholders will perceive the environmental risk and threaten to withdraw the license to operate and demand for a strict system of environmental accountability. Depending on the robustness of the accountability system, the company will respond in by environmental performance that is compliant with stakeholder expectations of responsible and sustainable business operations. The policy implication is that oil MNCs could ease corporate-community tension by considering the perspectives of key constituents of stakeholders in their social/environmental responsibility programmes.
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Brown, Timothy G. "The News Media, Environmental Collaborations and Accountability: A survey of the EPA's Roster of Environmental Conflict Resolution and Consensus Building Professionals." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/73599.

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This study is exploratory research examining the relationship between the news media and environmental collaborations. It reports the results of a 2008 online survey of the 250 members of the EPA's National Roster of Environmental Conflict Resolution and Consensus Building Professionals. The study asked about the impact of the media on environmental collaborations, but the major finding actually concerned the significant impact that the process of collaboration has had on the press and its role in environmental problem-solving. Collaboration professionals in this study apparently no longer see the press as a major influence in environmental dispute resolution. The most common estimate of press impact was "slight". A large majority of respondents (71%) said the news media overall have a positive or neutral impact on environmental collaboration outcomes -- surprising numbers, considering the past negative history of the press and environmental issues. From the practitioner's perspective, the most important finding may concern Media Ground Rules (guidelines that govern how collaborations interact with the news media). With Media Ground Rules in place, 74% of collaborations reported the press had a positive impact. In contrast, a negative press impact was reported by 60% of collaborations without Media Ground Rules in place. Since 2008, we have seen growth in environmental collaboration, but at the same time, wholesale closures of American newspapers, along with a stunning decline in the number of environmental reporters and environmental coverage in local news. This study looks at the implications of these developments for accountability and environmental collaborations.
Ph. D.
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Barkhuizen, Madelein. "The contribution of Integrated Reporting to social and environmental accountability and sustainability." Diss., University of Pretoria, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/52270.

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This study was aimed at determining the contribution of integrated reporting to social and environmental accountability and sustainability. Current business and economic challenges include job-creation, addressing inequality and poverty and ensuring that future generations can prosper on earth. Businesses have to accept their responsibility of ensuring a sustainable future. Inasmuch as integrated reports are the visible part of an organisation s strategy, thinking and decision-making regarding various sustainability issues, it has become compulsory for companies listed on the Johannesburg Stock Exchange. These reports require significant effort in their preparation. This research study was exploratory in nature. Three research questions were addressed through content analysis. A coding framework was developed that included 14 variables relating to the research questions. A sample of five listed companies from three different industries was selected and three consecutive integrated reports (a total of 45 reports) were analysed against the 14 variables using the coding frame. The 45 integrated reports for Johannesburg Stock Exchange listed organisations were compared with reports by three organisations from Russia, India and China. The study found that companies do not invest sufficiently in social and environmental sustainability and have not evolved to a stage where integrated thinking precedes the publication of integrated reports. Companies report retrospectively on environmental and social issues and have not taken a long-term view on social and environmental performance. Finally the research found small improvements in the social and environmental performance of companies that followed the guidelines of The International Integrated Reporting Framework.
Mini Dissertation (MBA)--University of Pretoria, 2015.
zk2016
Gordon Institute of Business Science (GIBS)
MBA
Unrestricted
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Gowlland, Alix. "The environmental accountability of the World Bank to third party non-state actors." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.270697.

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Hassan, Aminu. "Corporate environmental accountability in the Nigerian oil and gas industry : the case of gas flaring." Thesis, University of Abertay Dundee, 2012. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.650276.

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Carbon dioxide emission due to associated natural gas flaring is among the major causes of climate change which affects the global environment adversely. Nigeria is rated as the country with second largest volume of associated natural gas being flared the world over. Dominant oil and gas companies being operated by foreign multinational oil companies have been responsible for over ninety percent of associated natural gas flaring in the Nigerian upstream sector. Aside from being waste of valuable energy resource, the damaging, environmental impact of gas flaring, along with the intense physical nature of the practice, is among the major causes of environmental-accountability-triggered conflict especially in the Niger Delta region of the country. With this in mind, this study aims at evaluating gas flaring-related environmental accountability of dominant companies operating in the upstream sector of the Nigerian oil and gas industry. This is carried out via the evaluation of gas flaring-related 'environmental performance' and 'environmental disclosure' individually and together within the same framework. Deductive research strategy underpinned by positivists' research philosophy is employed to facilitate the empirical conduct of the research. Consequently, five testable hypotheses were developed from three theories, namely, Environmental Kuznets Curve theory, Pollution Haven Hypothesis and Voluntary Disclosure Theory. Each of the five hypotheses is directly related to a specific objective, so that they can be the mechanisms for meeting the objectives. By virtue of its nature, objective six is the only objective that does not have a corresponding hypothesis. To test the five hypotheses and also explore objective six, a number of analytical tools were employed. They include DEA window analysis, content analysis, one sample hypothesis test for mean, correlated two sample Hest for means, Panel Corrected Standard Errors (PCSE) using Prais-Winsten regression and simple time-series Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) regression in the first difference. Results obtained enabled the documentation of important key findings. Thus, the study documents empirical evidence confirming that the elements of gas flaring-related environmental accountability, namely, 'environmental performance' and 'volumetric environmental disclosure' are adverse and inadequately low respectively; and that the relationship between them is significantly positive. The 'substance' of the disclosure is also found to be not superior. It is also found that dominant companies in the sector use 'specific' or 'hard' gas flaring-related information that gives positive reflection on their reputation to legitimise their associated gas flaring and production activities. All these support the evidence, provided in this study, that gas flaring-related environmental responsibility, reporting and, in general, accountability by dominant companies in the Nigerian upstream are poor. The significance of these major findings is evident in the empirical support they lend to Environmental Kuznets Curve theory, Pollution Haven theory and Voluntary Disclosure Theory in the context of a less developed country, and the confirmatory empirical evidence that 'consequentialism' is the dominant environmental moral philosophy in the Nigerian upstream sector. The significance of the findings is further indicated by providing evidence that change in gas flaring-related environmental performance is responsible for the undulating trends in the level of environmental disclosures by companies operating in less developed countries over time.
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Bezuidenhout, Lydia. "Evaluating political accountability in water projects with the aim of determining the impact of political accountability on project sustainability." Thesis, Stellenbosch : University of Stellenbosch, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/2449.

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Thesis (MA (Political Science))--University of Stellenbosch, 2009.
The study investigated what the degree of political accountability is in water projects as practiced by project implementers. The evaluation was also aimed at determining the impact of political accountability on project sustainability. In order to evaluate the question, field research was conducted. Field research was of a quantitative nature, using a questionnaire. This involved (a) selecting two systems (project implementers, a municipality and a non-governmental organisation) where the systems’ political accountability within water projects could be compared, and (b) interviewing community respondents from a set questionnaire in four villages. The main findings are that (i) the level of political accountability in water projects depends on the system implementing a water project, (ii) three elements of political accountability (responsibility, information, and inclusion) differ significantly between the two systems, and (iii) political accountability has a significant impact on project sustainability. It is recommended that project implementers take into consideration the identified three elements of political accountability in order to improve project sustainability.
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Egbon, Osamuyimen. "An exploration of accountability : evidence from the Nigerian oil and gas industry." Thesis, University of St Andrews, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10023/6537.

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The economic activities of multinational corporations (MNCs) in the extractive industries of developing countries produce a myriad of immediate negative social, economic and environmental impacts on communities hosting their operations. Consequently, stakeholders have increasingly called for (greater) accountability of these corporations for the impacts of their operations on stakeholders and the wider society. The extent to which these MNCs are accountable for their operations' negative environmental impacts in the developing countries is underexplored as prior studies have primarily focused on corporate social responsibility rather than accountability of these corporations. However, accountability apparently means different things to different parties, and especially in a non-Western context. This thesis primarily seeks to explore the concept of accountability in a developing country context and how it is understood and practised within the Nigerian oil industry. More specifically, it seeks to understand the extent to which oil MNCs in Nigeria discharge accountability in the context of gas flaring and oil spills environmental pollution emanating from their operations. The study utilises a mixed methods approach to generate data to provide understanding on stakeholders' conceptions of accountability, the nature of accounts constructed by the MNCs on gas flaring and oil spills environmental incidents, and the plausible corporate sense-making embedded within those accounts. The empirical data produce both general and nuanced conceptions of accountability between the MNCs and stakeholders. An account-giving heuristic highlights four broad and further nuanced accounts the corporations provide on these negative environmental incidents which are largely in conflict with stakeholders' narratives. Moreover, the sense-making analysis of the MNCs' accounts suggests that those accounts apparently serve corporate self-interest rather than the discharge of accountability. However, organisational, institutional, relational, and national contextual factors apparently encourage the un-accountability of the MNCs. Accountability in the Nigerian oil industry will remain elusive without critical institutional and regulatory reforms.
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Books on the topic "Environmental accountability"

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Corporate accountability in international environmental law. New York: Oxford University Press, 2008.

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Domeny, Katherine. Opportunity, responsibility, accountability. Sacramento, Calif: Nonpoint Pollution Control Program, State Water Resources Control Board, California Environmental Protection Agency, 2001.

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Michael, Mason. The new accountability: Environmental responsibility across borders. London: EARTHSCAN, 2005.

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Andrews, W. A. Accountability in outdoor education. Toronto, ON: Andrews Education Services, 2003.

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Canada, Canada Environment. Management framework for planning, reporting and accountability. [Ottawa]: Environment Canada, 1999.

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Governance, accountability and sustainable development. Newcastle upon Tyne, UK: Cambridge Scholars Publishing, 2015.

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America's nuclear wastelands: Politics, accountability, and cleanup. Pullman, Wash: Washington State University Press, 2008.

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Grayson, Lesley. Business and environmental accountability: An overview and guide to the literature. Cheltenham: S.Thornes, 1994.

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Grayson, Lesley. Business and environmental accountability: An overview and guide to the literature. Cheltenham, Glos: S. Thornes, 1993.

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The sustainability generation: The politics of change & why personal accountability is essential now! New York: SelectBooks, Inc., 2012.

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Book chapters on the topic "Environmental accountability"

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Dwivedi, O. P. "Improving Organisational Effectiveness and Accountability for Environmental Protection." In India’s Environmental Policies, Programmes and Stewardship, 197–211. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-25859-8_9.

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Oude Groote Beverborg, Arnoud, Maarten Wijnants, Peter J. C. Sleegers, and Tobias Feldhoff. "Recurrence Quantification Analysis as a Methodological Innovation for School Improvement Research." In Accountability and Educational Improvement, 219–55. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-69345-9_11.

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AbstractSchool improvement and educational change can be facilitated by learning through reflection, as this allows teachers to discover ways to develop and adapt to change. Higher levels of engagement in reflection have been found to be beneficial, but it is unclear from which everyday routine in engagement in reflection higher levels arise, and thus whether occasions to make knowledge explicit should be organized with a certain constancy. In this study, we therefore used a conceptualization of teacher learning through reflection as a situated and dynamic process in which available environmental information, learning activities, and professional practices are interconnected, and co-develop. Seventeen Dutch Vocational Education and Training teachers participated over a period of 5 months. We explored the use of daily and monthly logs as measurement instruments and Recurrence Quantification Analysis (RQA) as the analysis technique applied to the time-series generated from the daily logs. The findings indicated that teachers who make information from their working environment explicit more are also able to make new insights explicit more. The routine with which teachers make information explicit was found to be mostly unrelated to making new insights explicit. To reach their levels of engagement in reflection, some teachers organized opportunities to reflect with determined intervals, others seemed to recognize those opportunities as the working environment provided them, and some used a combination thereof. Moreover, the use of daily and monthly logs seemed to fit better to some participants than others. Only sometimes does organizing constancy in engagement in reflection seem to relate to the levels thereof. This study provides an example of how logs and RQA can be adopted to tap into professional learning as a dynamic and situated process in support of school improvement and educational change.
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Shume, Teresa. "Put Away Your No. 2 Pencils—Reconceptualizing School Accountability Through EcoJustice." In Environmental Discourses in Science Education, 19–38. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-11608-2_3.

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Chang, Huei-Chun, and Craig Deegan. "Environmental Management Accounting and Environmental Accountability Within Universities: Current Practice and Future Potential." In Environmental Management Accounting for Cleaner Production, 301–20. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4020-8913-8_16.

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Millstone, Erik. "The Globalisation of Environmental and Consumer Protection Regulation: Resources and Accountability." In The Regulation of Science and Technology, 179–200. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9780230554528_10.

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Vialle, Anne-Cecile, Carl Bruch, Reinhold Gallmetzer, and Akiva Fishman. "Peace through justice: International tribunals and accountability for wartime environmental damage." In Governance, Natural Resources, and Post-Conflict Peacebuilding, 665–718. Abingdon, Oxon ; New York, NY: Earthscan, 2015. | Series: Post-conflict peacebuilding and natural resource management: Routledge, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780203109793-32.

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Corrado, Miriam, and Paola Demartini. "Searching for Social and Environmental Accountability in Integrated Reporting: A Stewardship Approach." In CSR, Sustainability, Ethics & Governance, 129–49. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-41142-8_7.

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Van Den Meerssche, Dimitri. "Accountability in International Organisations: Reviewing the World Bank’s Environmental and Social Framework." In Accountability, Transparency and Democracy in the Functioning of Bretton Woods Institutions, 157–87. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-57855-2_10.

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Maldonado, Ángela María, and Thomas Lafon. "Biomedical Research vs. Biodiversity Conservation in the Colombian-Peruvian Amazon: Searching for Law Enforcement Where There is Lack of Accountability." In Environmental Crime in Latin America, 261–94. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/978-1-137-55705-6_12.

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"Environmental accountability." In Energy Law and the Sustainable Company, 48–66. Routledge, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315765785-8.

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Conference papers on the topic "Environmental accountability"

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Davidson, Michael W., Laurence Slivon, Linda Sheldon, and Mary Traweek. "Space Station Freedom Water Recovery Test Total Organic Carbon Accountability." In International Conference On Environmental Systems. 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA, United States: SAE International, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/911380.

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"Managing Social and Environmental Accountability: An Impression Management Perspective." In 15th European Conference on Management, Leadership and Governance. ACPI, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.34190/mlg.19.069.

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Latif, Syahrul Akmal, and Abdul Munir. "Smog and Environmental Crime (Reflected From Cases in Riau)." In International Conference on Democracy, Accountability and Governance (ICODAG 2017). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/icodag-17.2017.52.

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Hui-jun, Liu, Chen Chun-shuo, and Liu Ling-jun. "The Impact of Environmental Self-accountability on Green Consumption Behavior." In International Conference on Economics and Management Innovations (ICEMI). Volkson Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.26480/icemi.01.2017.229.230.

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Benami, Elinor, Reid Whitaker, Vincent La, Hongjin Lin, Brandon R. Anderson, and Daniel E. Ho. "The Distributive Effects of Risk Prediction in Environmental Compliance." In FAccT '21: 2021 ACM Conference on Fairness, Accountability, and Transparency. New York, NY, USA: ACM, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3442188.3445873.

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Guan, Yamei, and Yuan Rong. "Leading Cadres' Resources and Environmental Responsibility Audit: Key Analysis and Accountability Path." In 2018 2nd International Conference on Education Science and Economic Management (ICESEM 2018). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/icesem-18.2018.198.

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Cadigan, Michael Fancis, and Joe Stough. "Implementation of a Management System Execution Framework To Establish a Culture of Accountability and Improved Safety Performance." In E&P Environmental and Safety Conference. Society of Petroleum Engineers, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/106825-ms.

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Prasetio, Januar, Iwan Triyuwono, Eko Sukoharsono, and Lilik Purwanti. "Gus Miek’s Suluk Jalan Terabas: An Approach on the Accountability of Islamic Organisation." In International Conference on Environmental Awareness for Sustainable Development in conjunction with International Conference on Challenge and Opportunities Sustainable Environmental Development, ICEASD & ICCOSED 2019, 1-2 April 2019, Kendari, Indonesia. EAI, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4108/eai.1-4-2019.2287282.

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Carter, Donald Layne, Harold Cole, Mark Habercom, and Guy Griffith. "Determination of Organic Carbon and Ionic Accountability of Various Waste and Product Waters Derived from ECLSS Water Recovery Tests and Spacelab Humidity Condensate." In International Conference On Environmental Systems. 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA, United States: SAE International, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/921313.

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Shahib, Habib Muhammad, Eko Ganis Sukoharsono, M. Achsin, and Yeney Widya Prihatiningtias. "Assessing Government’s Social-Environmental Accountability in Industrial Revolution 4.0 Era: A Review of Indonesian Setting." In 1st Annual Management, Business and Economic Conference (AMBEC 2019). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/aebmr.k.200415.020.

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Reports on the topic "Environmental accountability"

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J.W., van Gelder, and Kouwenhoven D. Enhancing financiers’ accountability for the social and environmental impacts of biofuels. Center for International Forestry Research (CIFOR), 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.17528/cifor/003444.

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Esparza, V., and C. Casey. Product assurance planning in an environment of increased need for accountability. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), October 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/10134673.

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Esparza, V., and C. Casey. Product assurance planning in an environment of increased need for accountability. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), October 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/5718563.

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Selby, Sarah. Climate & environment assessment. Support to the Transparency and Accountability Initiative, 2013-16. Evidence on Demand, September 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.12774/eod_hd.sep2013.selby.

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van den Boogaard, Vanessa, Wilson Prichard, Rachel Beach, and Fariya Mohiuddin. Strengthening Tax-Accountability Links: Fiscal Transparency and Taxpayer Engagement in Ghana and Sierra Leone. Institute of Development Studies, November 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/ictd.2020.002.

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There is increasingly strong evidence that taxation can contribute to expanded government responsiveness and accountability. However, such positive connections are not guaranteed. Rather, they are shaped by the political and economic context and specific policies adopted by governments and civil society actors. Without an environment that enables tax bargaining, there is a risk that taxation will amount to little more than forceful extraction. We consider how such enabling environments may be fostered through two mixed methods case studies of tax transparency and taxpayer engagement in Sierra Leone and Ghana. We highlight two key sets of findings. First, tax transparency is only meaningful if it is accessible and easily understood by taxpayers and relates to their everyday experiences and priorities. In particular, we find that taxpayers do not just want basic information about tax obligations or aggregate revenue collected, but information about how much revenue should have been collected and how revenues were spent. At the same time, taxpayers do not want information to be shared with them through a one-way form of communication, but rather want to have spaces for dialogue and interaction with tax and government officials, including through public meetings and radio call-in programmes. Second, strategies to encourage taxpayer engagement are more likely to be effective where forums for engagement are perceived by taxpayers to be safe, secure, and sincere means through which to engage with government officials. This has been most successful where governments have visibly demonstrated responsiveness to citizen concerns, even on a small scale, while partnering with civil society to foster trust, dialogue and expanded knowledge. These findings have significant implications for how governments design taxpayer education and engagement programmes and how civil society actors and development partners can support more equitable and accountable tax systems. Our findings provide concrete lessons for how governments can ensure that information shared with taxpayers is meaningful and accessible. Moreover, we show that civil society actors can play important roles as translators of tax information, enablers of public forums and dialogues around tax issues, and trainers of taxpayers, supporting greater tax literacy and sustained citizen engagement.
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Coulson, Saskia, Melanie Woods, Drew Hemment, and Michelle Scott. Report and Assessment of Impact and Policy Outcomes Using Community Level Indicators: H2020 Making Sense Report. University of Dundee, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.20933/100001192.

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Making Sense is a European Commission H2020 funded project which aims at supporting participatory sensing initiatives that address environmental challenges in areas such as noise and air pollution. The development of Making Sense was informed by previous research on a crowdfunded open source platform for environmental sensing, SmartCitizen.me, developed at the Fab Lab Barcelona. Insights from this research identified several deterrents for a wider uptake of participatory sensing initiatives due to social and technical matters. For example, the participants struggled with the lack of social interactions, a lack of consensus and shared purpose amongst the group, and a limited understanding of the relevance the data had in their daily lives (Balestrini et al., 2014; Balestrini et al., 2015). As such, Making Sense seeks to explore if open source hardware, open source software and and open design can be used to enhance data literacy and maker practices in participatory sensing. Further to this, Making Sense tests methodologies aimed at empowering individuals and communities through developing a greater understanding of their environments and by supporting a culture of grassroot initiatives for action and change. To do this, Making Sense identified a need to underpin sensing with community building activities and develop strategies to inform and enable those participating in data collection with appropriate tools and skills. As Fetterman, Kaftarian and Wanderman (1996) state, citizens are empowered when they understand evaluation and connect it in a way that it has relevance to their lives. Therefore, this report examines the role that these activities have in participatory sensing. Specifically, we discuss the opportunities and challenges in using the concept of Community Level Indicators (CLIs), which are measurable and objective sources of information gathered to complement sensor data. We describe how CLIs are used to develop a more indepth understanding of the environmental problem at hand, and to record, monitor and evaluate the progress of change during initiatives. We propose that CLIs provide one way to move participatory sensing beyond a primarily technological practice and towards a social and environmental practice. This is achieved through an increased focus in the participants’ interests and concerns, and with an emphasis on collective problem solving and action. We position our claims against the following four challenge areas in participatory sensing: 1) generating and communicating information and understanding (c.f. Loreto, 2017), 2) analysing and finding relevance in data (c.f. Becker et al., 2013), 3) building community around participatory sensing (c.f. Fraser et al., 2005), and 4) achieving or monitoring change and impact (c.f. Cheadle et al., 2000). We discuss how the use of CLIs can tend to these challenges. Furthermore, we report and assess six ways in which CLIs can address these challenges and thereby support participatory sensing initiatives: i. Accountability ii. Community assessment iii. Short-term evaluation iv. Long-term evaluation v. Policy change vi. Capability The report then returns to the challenge areas and reflects on the learnings and recommendations that are gleaned from three Making Sense case studies. Afterwhich, there is an exposition of approaches and tools developed by Making Sense for the purposes of advancing participatory sensing in this way. Lastly, the authors speak to some of the policy outcomes that have been realised as a result of this research.
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London, Jonathan. Outlier Vietnam and the Problem of Embeddedness: Contributions to the Political Economy of Learning. Research on Improving Systems of Education (RISE), February 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.35489/bsg-rise-wp_2021/062.

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Recent literature on the political economy of education highlights the role of political settlements, political commitments, and features of public governance in shaping education systems’ development and performance around learning. Vietnam’s experiences provide fertile ground for the critique and further development of this literature including, especially, its efforts to understand how features of accountability relations shape education systems’ performance across time and place. Globally, Vietnam is a contemporary outlier in education, having achieved rapid gains in enrolment and strong learning outcomes at relatively low levels of income. This paper proposes that beyond such felicitous conditions as economic growth and social historical and cultural elements that valorize education, Vietnam’s distinctive combination of Leninist political commitments to education and high levels of societal engagement in the education system often works to enhance accountability within the system in ways that contribute to the system’s coherence around learning; reflecting the sense and reality that Vietnam is a country in which education is a first national priority. Importantly, these alleged elements exist alongside other features that significantly undermine the system’s coherence and performance around learning. These include, among others, the system’s incoherent patterns of decentralization, the commercialization and commodification of schooling and learning, and corresponding patterns of systemic inequality. Taken together, these features of education in Vietnam underscore how the coherence of accountability relations that shape learning outcomes are contingent on the manner in which national and local systems are embedded within their broader social environments while also raising intriguing ideas for efforts to understand the conditions under which education systems’ performance with respect to learning can be promoted, supported, and sustained.
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African Open Science Platform Part 1: Landscape Study. Academy of Science of South Africa (ASSAf), 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.17159/assaf.2019/0047.

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This report maps the African landscape of Open Science – with a focus on Open Data as a sub-set of Open Science. Data to inform the landscape study were collected through a variety of methods, including surveys, desk research, engagement with a community of practice, networking with stakeholders, participation in conferences, case study presentations, and workshops hosted. Although the majority of African countries (35 of 54) demonstrates commitment to science through its investment in research and development (R&D), academies of science, ministries of science and technology, policies, recognition of research, and participation in the Science Granting Councils Initiative (SGCI), the following countries demonstrate the highest commitment and political willingness to invest in science: Botswana, Ethiopia, Kenya, Senegal, South Africa, Tanzania, and Uganda. In addition to existing policies in Science, Technology and Innovation (STI), the following countries have made progress towards Open Data policies: Botswana, Kenya, Madagascar, Mauritius, South Africa and Uganda. Only two African countries (Kenya and South Africa) at this stage contribute 0.8% of its GDP (Gross Domestic Product) to R&D (Research and Development), which is the closest to the AU’s (African Union’s) suggested 1%. Countries such as Lesotho and Madagascar ranked as 0%, while the R&D expenditure for 24 African countries is unknown. In addition to this, science globally has become fully dependent on stable ICT (Information and Communication Technologies) infrastructure, which includes connectivity/bandwidth, high performance computing facilities and data services. This is especially applicable since countries globally are finding themselves in the midst of the 4th Industrial Revolution (4IR), which is not only “about” data, but which “is” data. According to an article1 by Alan Marcus (2015) (Senior Director, Head of Information Technology and Telecommunications Industries, World Economic Forum), “At its core, data represents a post-industrial opportunity. Its uses have unprecedented complexity, velocity and global reach. As digital communications become ubiquitous, data will rule in a world where nearly everyone and everything is connected in real time. That will require a highly reliable, secure and available infrastructure at its core, and innovation at the edge.” Every industry is affected as part of this revolution – also science. An important component of the digital transformation is “trust” – people must be able to trust that governments and all other industries (including the science sector), adequately handle and protect their data. This requires accountability on a global level, and digital industries must embrace the change and go for a higher standard of protection. “This will reassure consumers and citizens, benefitting the whole digital economy”, says Marcus. A stable and secure information and communication technologies (ICT) infrastructure – currently provided by the National Research and Education Networks (NRENs) – is key to advance collaboration in science. The AfricaConnect2 project (AfricaConnect (2012–2014) and AfricaConnect2 (2016–2018)) through establishing connectivity between National Research and Education Networks (NRENs), is planning to roll out AfricaConnect3 by the end of 2019. The concern however is that selected African governments (with the exception of a few countries such as South Africa, Mozambique, Ethiopia and others) have low awareness of the impact the Internet has today on all societal levels, how much ICT (and the 4th Industrial Revolution) have affected research, and the added value an NREN can bring to higher education and research in addressing the respective needs, which is far more complex than simply providing connectivity. Apart from more commitment and investment in R&D, African governments – to become and remain part of the 4th Industrial Revolution – have no option other than to acknowledge and commit to the role NRENs play in advancing science towards addressing the SDG (Sustainable Development Goals). For successful collaboration and direction, it is fundamental that policies within one country are aligned with one another. Alignment on continental level is crucial for the future Pan-African African Open Science Platform to be successful. Both the HIPSSA ((Harmonization of ICT Policies in Sub-Saharan Africa)3 project and WATRA (the West Africa Telecommunications Regulators Assembly)4, have made progress towards the regulation of the telecom sector, and in particular of bottlenecks which curb the development of competition among ISPs. A study under HIPSSA identified potential bottlenecks in access at an affordable price to the international capacity of submarine cables and suggested means and tools used by regulators to remedy them. Work on the recommended measures and making them operational continues in collaboration with WATRA. In addition to sufficient bandwidth and connectivity, high-performance computing facilities and services in support of data sharing are also required. The South African National Integrated Cyberinfrastructure System5 (NICIS) has made great progress in planning and setting up a cyberinfrastructure ecosystem in support of collaborative science and data sharing. The regional Southern African Development Community6 (SADC) Cyber-infrastructure Framework provides a valuable roadmap towards high-speed Internet, developing human capacity and skills in ICT technologies, high- performance computing and more. The following countries have been identified as having high-performance computing facilities, some as a result of the Square Kilometre Array7 (SKA) partnership: Botswana, Ghana, Kenya, Madagascar, Mozambique, Mauritius, Namibia, South Africa, Tunisia, and Zambia. More and more NRENs – especially the Level 6 NRENs 8 (Algeria, Egypt, Kenya, South Africa, and recently Zambia) – are exploring offering additional services; also in support of data sharing and transfer. The following NRENs already allow for running data-intensive applications and sharing of high-end computing assets, bio-modelling and computation on high-performance/ supercomputers: KENET (Kenya), TENET (South Africa), RENU (Uganda), ZAMREN (Zambia), EUN (Egypt) and ARN (Algeria). Fifteen higher education training institutions from eight African countries (Botswana, Benin, Kenya, Nigeria, Rwanda, South Africa, Sudan, and Tanzania) have been identified as offering formal courses on data science. In addition to formal degrees, a number of international short courses have been developed and free international online courses are also available as an option to build capacity and integrate as part of curricula. The small number of higher education or research intensive institutions offering data science is however insufficient, and there is a desperate need for more training in data science. The CODATA-RDA Schools of Research Data Science aim at addressing the continental need for foundational data skills across all disciplines, along with training conducted by The Carpentries 9 programme (specifically Data Carpentry 10 ). Thus far, CODATA-RDA schools in collaboration with AOSP, integrating content from Data Carpentry, were presented in Rwanda (in 2018), and during17-29 June 2019, in Ethiopia. Awareness regarding Open Science (including Open Data) is evident through the 12 Open Science-related Open Access/Open Data/Open Science declarations and agreements endorsed or signed by African governments; 200 Open Access journals from Africa registered on the Directory of Open Access Journals (DOAJ); 174 Open Access institutional research repositories registered on openDOAR (Directory of Open Access Repositories); 33 Open Access/Open Science policies registered on ROARMAP (Registry of Open Access Repository Mandates and Policies); 24 data repositories registered with the Registry of Data Repositories (re3data.org) (although the pilot project identified 66 research data repositories); and one data repository assigned the CoreTrustSeal. Although this is a start, far more needs to be done to align African data curation and research practices with global standards. Funding to conduct research remains a challenge. African researchers mostly fund their own research, and there are little incentives for them to make their research and accompanying data sets openly accessible. Funding and peer recognition, along with an enabling research environment conducive for research, are regarded as major incentives. The landscape report concludes with a number of concerns towards sharing research data openly, as well as challenges in terms of Open Data policy, ICT infrastructure supportive of data sharing, capacity building, lack of skills, and the need for incentives. Although great progress has been made in terms of Open Science and Open Data practices, more awareness needs to be created and further advocacy efforts are required for buy-in from African governments. A federated African Open Science Platform (AOSP) will not only encourage more collaboration among researchers in addressing the SDGs, but it will also benefit the many stakeholders identified as part of the pilot phase. The time is now, for governments in Africa, to acknowledge the important role of science in general, but specifically Open Science and Open Data, through developing and aligning the relevant policies, investing in an ICT infrastructure conducive for data sharing through committing funding to making NRENs financially sustainable, incentivising open research practices by scientists, and creating opportunities for more scientists and stakeholders across all disciplines to be trained in data management.
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