Relevant bibliographies by topics / Environment violations

Academic literature on the topic 'Environment violations'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 27 July 2024
Last updated: 28 July 2024

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Journal articles on the topic "Environment violations"

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Li, Feng, Wenbing Xi, and Xin Dai. "3D Modeling Technology Based On Computer Aided Environment Design." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2146, no. 1 (January 1, 2022): 012031. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2146/1/012031.

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Abstract Voltage violation of the distribution network greatly affects the power supply quality and the use’s power consumption experience. To better improve the voltage quality of the power grid, real-time analysis of voltage violation can helps power grid personnel to handle voltage violation instantly and efficiently though analyzing the attribute indicators on dis-tribution network lines. However, many studies are concerned only with the single voltage violation cause, and ignore the more complicated phenomenon of voltage violations. In this paper, we proposed a joint attributes based neural network multi-classification (JANN) model that take mutual influence between attributes from different nodes in the distribution network into account when voltage violations are detected. Concretely, we construct the set of joint attributes from each node in the distribution network though real-time monitoring of the power grid. Then the joint attribute based neural network model is constructed to analyze the voltage violation phenomenon, and determine the cause multi-classification of voltage violations. Experimental results show that the proposed (JANN) method can reach 95.79% F1-score rate on multi-classification of voltage violation causes.
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Littvay, Levente. "Do Heritability Estimates of Political Phenotypes Suffer From an Equal Environment Assumption Violation? Evidence From an Empirical Study." Twin Research and Human Genetics 15, no. 1 (February 2012): 6–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1375/twin.15.1.6.

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Using data from the Minnesota Twins Political Survey, this paper tests for the presence of unequal environments (EEA) by zygosity in political attitudes. Equal environment measures used include shared bedroom, friends, classes, and dressing alike. Results show an EEA violation at p < .05 in 5% of the models tested. The violations' impact on heritability estimates and their confidence levels appear random in magnitude and direction. No reasonable post hoc explanation emerged for understanding the presence of the violation in some items but not others. This article establishes reasonable priors for the absence of EEA violations in political phenotypes based on the tested environmental components. The findings place the burden on critics to present theoretical work on the specific mechanisms of EEA violations based on which additional empirical assessments could (and should) be conducted.
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Xing, Jiping, Qi Zhang, Qixiu Cheng, and Zhenshan Zu. "A Geographical and Temporal Risk Evaluation Method for Red-Light Violations by Pedestrians at Signalized Intersections: Analysis and Results of Suzhou, China." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 21 (November 3, 2022): 14420. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph192114420.

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Red-light violations of pedestrians crossing at signal intersections is one of the key factors in pedestrian traffic accidents. Even though there are various studies on pedestrian behavior and pedestrian traffic conflicts, few focus on the risk of different crosswalks for the violating pedestrian group. Due to the spatio-temporal nature of violation risk, this study proposes a geographical and temporal risk evaluation method for pedestrian red-light violations, which combines actual survey and video acquisition. First, in the geographical-based risk evaluation, the pedestrian violation rate at signal intersections is investigated by Pearson correlation analysis to extract the significant influencing factors from traffic conditions, built environment, and crosswalk facilities. Second, in the temporal-based risk evaluation, the survival analysis method is developed to quantify the risk of pedestrian violation in different scenarios as time passes by. Finally, this study selects 16 typical signalized intersections in Suzhou, China, with 881 pedestrian crosswalk violations from a total size of 4586 pedestrians as survey cases. Results indicate that crossing distance, traffic volume on the crosswalk, red-light time, and crosswalk-type variables all contribute to the effect of pedestrian violation from a geographical perspective, and the installation of waiting refuge islands has the most significant impact. From the temporal perspective, the increases in red-light time, number of lanes, and traffic volume have a mitigating effect on the violations with pedestrian waiting time increases. This study aims to provide a development-oriented path by proposing an analytical framework that reconsiders geographical and temporal risk factors of violation. The findings could help transport planners understand the effect of pedestrian violation-related traffic risk and develop operational measures and crosswalk design schemes for controlling pedestrian violations occurring in local communities.
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Liu, Jianke, Nan Zheng, Xi Lu, and Yi Qu. "Corporate Charitable Donation Under the Theory of Organizational Legitimacy from the Perspective of Listed Companies' Violations in a Regional Institutional Environment." Asian Development Policy Review 10, no. 4 (September 1, 2022): 241–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.55493/5008.v10i4.4601.

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This paper studies the legitimacy of listed companies from the perspective of violation. We use the violation data of all A-share non-financial listed companies in Shanghai and Shenzhen from 2006 to 2019 and look at the relationship between corporate violation and charitable donation, and the possible influence of the regional institutional environment of enterprises and the degree of association between enterprises and government on the relationship between corporate violations and charitable donations. Compared with violations at the organizational level, enterprises with violations at the executive level are more active regarding charitable donations. The moderating effect indicates that the institutional environment level of the geographical region where the enterprise is located strengthens the negative relationship between the offending enterprise and charitable donation. After dividing into congenital and acquired government enterprise association, the congenital Government Enterprise Association has a strengthening effect on the charitable donation behavior of illegal enterprises.
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Wang, Jinlin, Haining Yu, Xing Wang, Hongli Zhang, Binxing Fang, Yuchen Yang, and Xiaozhou Zhu. "DRAV: Detection and repair of data availability violations in Internet of Things." International Journal of Distributed Sensor Networks 15, no. 11 (November 2019): 155014771988989. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1550147719889899.

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The application of the Internet of Things has produced large amounts of data in different scenarios, which are accompanied with problems, such as consistency and integrity violations. Existing research on dealing with data availability violations is insufficient. In this work, the detection and repair of data availability violations (DRAV) framework is proposed to detect and repair data violations in Internet of Things with a distributed parallel computing environment. DRAV uses algorithms in the MapReduce programming framework, and these include detection and repair algorithms based on enhanced conditional function dependency for data consistency violation, MapJoin, and ReduceJoin algorithms based on master data for k-nearest neighbor–based integrity violation detection, and repair algorithms. Experiments are conducted to determine the effect of the algorithms. Results show that DRAV improves data availability in Internet of Things compared with existing methods by detecting and repairing violations.
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Crifasi, Cassandra K., Molly Merrill-Francis, Daniel W. Webster, Garen J. Wintemute, and Jon S. Vernick. "Changes in the legal environment and enforcement of firearm transfer laws in Pennsylvania and Maryland." Injury Prevention 25, Suppl 1 (January 13, 2018): i2—i4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/injuryprev-2017-042582.

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The effectiveness of laws depends on circumstances affecting their enforcement. To assess such circumstances for comprehensive background check (CBC) and straw purchase laws for firearm sales, we examined prosecutions for CBC and straw purchase violations in Pennsylvania and CBC violations in Maryland. We generated pre-post variables and conducted t-tests to assess differences in the mean number of prosecutions filed following changes to the legal environments. The annual number of prosecutions for straw purchase violations increased significantly in Pennsylvania following the passage of a law that strengthened penalties for these violations (difference in means = +1310.86, P=0.003). The annual number of prosecutions for CBC violations decreased significantly in Maryland following a court decision that narrowed the definition of a firearm transfer making enforcement more difficult (difference in means = −20.52, P=0.026). Our findings suggest enforcement is likely influenced by the penalties associated with violating these laws and the interpretation of the language of the laws.
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Metzger, Michael, Dan R. Dalton, and John W. Hill. "The Organization of Ethics and the Ethics of Organizations: The Case for Expanded Organizational Ethics Audits." Business Ethics Quarterly 3, no. 1 (January 1993): 27–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3857380.

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The United States Sentencing Commission’s guidelines for the sentencing of organizations found guilty of violating federal laws recently became effective. Dramatically increased penalties are possible under these gudelines, but so too is a substantial reduction in the penalties imposed on organizations that have an effective program in place to prevent and detect violations. This provides corporations with a tremendous new incentive in inaugurate organizational ethics audits both to avoid violations in the first instance and to reduce the penalty imposed in the event that a violation occurs. We argue, however, that there have always been very good reasons for organizations to conduct such audits, which emphasize the identification of the organizational factors that create incentives for unethical behavior. Corporate ethics programs initiated without reference to such factors cannot reasonably be expected to be effective in improving a company’s internal ethical environment.
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Rochmani, Rochmani. "PERLINDUNGAN HAK ATAS LINGKUNGAN HIDUP YANG BAIK DAN SEHAT DI ERA GLOBALISASI." Masalah-Masalah Hukum 44, no. 1 (January 15, 2015): 18. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/mmh.44.1.2015.18-25.

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Environmental damage can result in the right to a good environment and healthy living in communities disrupted. Right to good living environment and healthy part of human rights. Violation of good environment and healthy is a violation of human rights. Right to environment is a human right that must be upheld and respected by the international community. Violations of the right to a good environment and healthy environment is a crime. However, that is still a lot of human rights violations occur. Right to a good and healthy environment is a fundamental human right. The rights attached to a construction that strengthen human life. In the globalization era human rights violations can be filed in an international judicial mechanisms, as a form of protection of the right to a good and healthyenvironment.Kerusakan lingkungan hidup dapat mengakibatkan hak atas lingkungan hidup yang baik dan sehat pada masyarakat terganggu. Hak atas lingkungan hidup yang baik dan sehat bagian dari HAM. Pelanggaran terhadap lingkungan hidup yang baik dan sehat merupakan pelanggaran HAM. Hak atas lingkungan hidup merupakan HAM yang harus dijunjung tinggi dan dihormati oleh masyarakat internasional. Pelangaran terhadap hak atas lingkungan hidup yang baik dan sehat merupakan kejahatan lingkungan. Namun demikian yang terjadi masih banyak pelanggaran HAM. Hak atas lingkungan yang baik dan sehat merupakan hak yang fundamental manusia. Hak itu melekat sebagai yang memperkuat konstruksi kehidupan manusia. Di era globalisasi pelanggaran HAM berat bisa diajukan dalam mekanisme peradilan internasional, sebagai wujud perlindungan terhadap Hak atas lingkungan yang baik dan sehat.
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Hastuti, Theresia Dwi, Stefani Lily Indarto, and Gita Claudia. "COULD PERSONALITY, CHARACTERISTICS OF VIOLATIONS, AND PERCEPTIONS OF THE ORGANIZATIONAL ENVIRONMENT BE A FACTOR DRIVING THE WHISTLEBLOWING INTENTION?" Business: Theory and Practice 24, no. 2 (August 21, 2023): 360–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/btp.2023.17371.

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The objective of this paper is to examine the effect of personality, perceptions of the organizational environment, and characteristics of violations on the whistleblowing intention in educational institutions. This study is expected to contribute to the management of higher education to protect their organization from fraud. Personality variable has three proxies, namely perceptions of reporting costs, locus of control, and organizational commitment. The organizational environment perception has 3 proxies, namely the perception of the internal control system, organizational climate and organizational support, while the characteristics of fraud are proxied by the status of the violation and the seriousness of the violation. The participants of this study were lecturers in universities in Semarang. The data were collected from the surveys using random sampling method. Questionnaires on whistleblowing were distributed to lecturers and we get 100 participants. The data was processed use a multiple linear regression with SPSS software. The result of this study showed that the organizational climate and the seriousness of the violation positively affected the whistleblowing intention. Meanwhile, the organizational commitment, perception of the cost of violations, internal locus of control, organizational support, the internal control system and the status of the violation did not significantly affect the whistleblowing intention.
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Koushki, P. A., S. Y. Ali, and O. Al-Saleh. "Road Traffic Violations and Seat Belt Use in Kuwait: Study of Driver Behavior in Motion." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 1640, no. 1 (January 1998): 17–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/1640-03.

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Despite heavy investments in the transportation infrastructure and the existence of a young vehicle fleet, road safety in the affluent State of Kuwait continues to decline. Poor driver behavior and lack of enforcement of traffic regulations are believed to be the main causes of the unsafe driving environment. The findings of a research project designed to examine the relationship between seat belt use and road traffic violations in Kuwait are reported. The traffic violation behavior of 821 randomly selected drivers was recorded while the drivers were followed to their destinations. Factors of nationality, age range, gender, roadway type, vehicle type, time of day, trip time, and trip distance were also monitored. The average sample nonuser of seat belts made more than twice as many violations both per kilometer of travel and per minute of trip time than did seat belt users. Seat belt nonusers and young drivers (especially Kuwaitis) were found to be overrepresented in the violating groups, and discriminant analysis successfully discriminated between the high and low violators of traffic rules.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Environment violations"

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Ojogbo, Samuel E. "Corporate violations of human rights and the environment in developing markets : exploring the role of corporate law." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2018. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/51824/.

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This thesis addresses the problem of environmental degradation and human rights abuses by Multinational Corporations (MNCs) operating in developing markets, which has been attributed to the difficulty in regulating modern MNCs. Three main factors that create the environment for corporate impunity for human rights and environmental abuse in developing markets as identified by current scholarship are the mismatch between the modern corporate structure and the rules of corporate law, the insensitivity of the governments of developing markets to the plight of human rights victims, and the general lack of access to judicial and administrative remedies. However, even though the current corporate legal architecture is one of the factors that contribute to corporate human rights and environmental regulatory challenge, emerging regulatory initiatives that seek to address the problem do not consider corporate law reform as one of the options that could resolve the challenge. This thesis challenges the current scholarship and regulatory focus on remedial solution to the problem and investigates existing regimes. This investigation focuses on two areas. First, it focuses on international human rights law and international environmental law, and, secondly, on the legal and regulatory regimes concerned with the corporation, human rights and the environment in Nigeria and selected major developed market jurisdictions. The thesis identifies the current procedures for applying international norms to MNCs as the major problem with the international regimes, and the weak and inefficient enforcement infrastructure in Nigeria and other developing markets as the major problem with holding MNCs accountable for human rights and environmental abuses in developing markets. As a result, the thesis argues that the regulatory challenge could be addressed by focusing on MNC activities at the national level, and suggests a shift from the remedial focus of the current regimes to a preventative approach. The thesis proposes a review of the corporate legal architecture to incorporate the group that is most affected by corporate externalities into corporate boards because that is where the decisions that generate the abuses are made. The thesis concludes with a blueprint for the proposed structure which is aimed at promoting responsible human rights and environmental friendly decision-making as a means of injecting human rights responsibility into corporate decision making, and addressing the problem of corporate human rights and environmental abuses, especially in developing markets.
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Newby, Vanessa Frances. "Walk the Line: Examining the Factors that Enable Peacemakers to Influence Their Local Security Environment." Thesis, Griffith University, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10072/367977.

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This thesis uses an ethnographic approach to investigate the microprocesses of a peace operation to understand whether peacekeepers on the ground can make a difference to their security environment. I examine the work of UNIFIL in South Lebanon since the implementation of Resolution 1701 in 2006 and describe the work of local actors in the UNIFIL mission and their engagement at three levels: the local, the national and the international. This thesis asked the following research questions: (1) How do peace operations influence their security environment? and; (2) What factors effect UNIFIL local engagement? This research has found that at the subnational or local level, UNIFIL is able to influence its security environment and thus contribute to the maintenance of international peace and security. It does this by sustaining local connections that serve to alert the mission to small incidents that it prevents from developing into bigger conflicts. The area of operations has experienced peace for almost eight years and this would suggest that these activities at the micro level have helped to provide an environment conducive to peace. On a practical level, the UNIFIL mission has achieved this in three main ways: first by monitoring, reporting and intervening in Blue Line violations as part of a response mechanism, to avoid escalation. Second, through the preventative mechanisms of liaising between the IDF and the LAF to encourage local level cooperation and produce micro security agreements to prevent misunderstandings. Third, UNIFIL has a very comprehensive local engagement mechanism that enables the mission to maintain local consent and avoid being affected by intrastate conflict.
Thesis (PhD Doctorate)
Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)
Griffith Business School
Griffith Business School
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Hudson, Julie. "Maternal Gene-Environment Effects: An Evaluation of Statistical Approaches to Detect Effects and an Investigation of the Effect of Violations of Model Assumptions." Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/39637.

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Discovering the associations between genetic variables and disease status can help reduce the burden of disease on society. This thesis focuses on the methods required to detect maternal genetic effects (an effect where the genes of the mother affect the disease risk of the child) and interaction effects between these maternal genes and environmental variables in trio data consisting of parents and an affected child. A simulation study was conducted to determine the extent to which testing for these effects is affected by violations to the mating symmetry assumption required for two current methods when control parents are not available.. This study showed that methods for maternal effect estimation are not robust to these violations; however, the interaction test is robust to the violation. Finally, a candidate gene study on orofacial clefts was conducted to evaluate maternal gene-environment interactions in international consortium data. Significant effects were found but the large magnitude of the effect estimates raises concerns about the validity of the results. This thesis tries also discusses the lack of methods and software available to estimate maternal gene environment interactions.
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Koechlin, Karen Koechlin M. "Does Educational Intervention Reduce the Number of Food Violations." Digital Archive @ GSU, 2009. http://digitalarchive.gsu.edu/iph_theses/69.

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The objective of this study was to examine the educational intervention that restaurant employees received to see if it reduced the number of food violations in Orange County, California, U.S.. The class, which began in 2007, is known as the Food Employee Education and Sanitation Training (FEEST). This study revealed that the post-test results from FEEST demonstrated a significant improvement in food safety knowledge, and almost all of the participants showed a significant improvement in food safety knowledge. A comparison of inspection reports immediately before and after participation in FEEST showed that food establishments greatly reduced the number of major violations, but the reduction in minor violations was minimal. Further results showed that overall, post-class inspections were not helpful in reducing the number of violations. Moreover, results showed that out of the participating restaurants, those that received a fee and formal letter requiring correction of the violations, known as a Notice of Violation (NOV) or Notice of Decision (NOD), do well on inspection reports in reducing major violations than those who did not receive one, but both types of restaurants were not able to significantly reduce the number of minor violations. These results might be associated with the knowledge and commitment of the restaurant employees. Restaurant employees are not using the food safety knowledge they gained during the educational intervention. Therefore, further training is required to educate restaurant employees, and more should be done to encourage the practice of safe food handling and sanitation.
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Rodgers, Charner Lynn. "High occupancy toll lanes ignoring the potential for a environmental justice violation." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/39615.

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In the US transportation system, environmental justice (EJ) issues are regulated by a variety of laws to ensure that all have fair treatment with respect to implementation of policies. If State Departments of Transportation adhere to all regulations properly but unconsciously, then an underlying negative impact on a community may still exist as a result of a newly implemented project. Since the implementation of High Occupancy Toll (HOT) lanes are fairly new, and since there have been numerous concerns from the public about their discriminatory nature, a decision support system is needed to identify potential EJ violations and issues when implementing a new or converted HOT lane. No prior model exists. The goal of this research is to assist state's Department of Transportation (DOT) in the early stages of the development of an HOT lane by developing a Potential Environmental Justice Violation Model that will help state agencies predict potential EJ violations before additional resources are invested into a project. By developing a model, this study identifies and classifies characteristic drivers of potential EJ violations related to communities' economic, social, or health and safety status. The Potential Environmental Justice Violation Model (PEJVM) allows state DOTs employees to define and evaluate the distribution of impacts in the relevant categories. The model provides a method for transforming complex qualitative and quantitative data about a project into a user-friendly format where the results can then be visualized using a spider radar diagram to determine the level of impact of each identified variable. The PEJVM was validated using two previous anonymous HOT case studies and demonstrated using the Interstate 85 Case Study in Atlanta, Georgia. This model offers a uniform method of identifying potential environmental justice violations when implementing a HOT lane. The model will also help inform state agencies of potential violations early in the planning stages of HOT lane projects so that the agency can solve any potential EJ issues before additional resources are invested.
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Brady, Jacob. "Investor Assessment of Reputational Penalties for Environmental Violations: A Replication and Extension Study of U.S. Firms from 1980-2016." Scholarship @ Claremont, 2018. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/cmc_theses/1758.

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Do firms face reputational penalties for committing environmental violations? This paper replicates the work of a previous empirical study to confirm the relationship between abnormal returns and legal penalties following the announcement of a violation. It then goes on to extend the study using more recent data to assess how reputational costs change over time. Across both sets of data, firms suffer abnormal stock price decreases following the announcement of an environmental crime. The size of prospective legal penalties is on average larger than the decrease in market value, indicating that investors base their reaction to violations off the present value of legal costs faced by the firm. Average abnormal returns decreased in size between the two studies, indicating that over time as investors started paying more attention to environmental responsibility, they became less surprised by new violations. The results of the studies taken together have public policy implications, indicating that at present investors face immediate penalties following a violation in the form of regulatory costs, but in the long term may also face reputational penalties due to increased investor attention to environmental performance.
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Aurin, Shaila Nusrat. "Shareholder Values and a Story of Corporate Social and Environmental Negative Events." Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/42598.

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This dissertation considers the entire process originated by corporate events that impact the environment and the society (ES events). Using a rich hand-collected dataset with 1139 chronological incidents originating from negative corporate social responsibility (CSR)-related events, it explores stock market reactions to each stage within a chain of successive events triggered by negative ES events, including the recurrent, follow-up (either favorable or unfavorable), as well as companies’ response events. We find that the investors respond strongly negatively to negative events (origin, negative subsequent, and negative responses) and strongly positively to positive events (positive subsequent and positive responses). We also find that investors react more negatively to the negative subsequent and recurrent events, as well as company negative responses when they occur sooner after the origin events, whereas promptness of positive subsequent events and positive responses heighten the favorable market reaction. The study also reveals the presence of expectancy violation as investors of high-CSR firm react more negatively to the negative events. In addition, it provides observations suggesting that: (1) investors do not regard positive responses as agency-motivated events, instead they are more concerned about the availability of financial resources when a firm makes remedial responses to a negative ES event; and (2) the market cares about CSR events not solely due to their financial implications, but also because it considers socially responsible operations as a value-enhancing corporate duty.
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Vang, Mao H. "The Effect of Avatar Behaviors in Health Interventions: Examining Immediacy and Communicator Reward Value Through Expectancy Violations Theory in Virtual Environments." The Ohio State University, 2012. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1337884820.

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Quinteiro, Tamara [UNESP]. "Investigação sobre as concepções de infrações ambientais no contexto da educação ambiental." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/149999.

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O presente trabalho apresenta uma pesquisa realizada com os acadêmicos do curso de Ciências Biológicas – Licenciatura durante a disciplina de Educação Ambiental sobre suas concepções a respeito do ambiente e das infrações ambientais. A pesquisa procurou trazer dados de uma realidade para investigar essas concepções ambientais de forma sistêmica, além de analisar a metodologia dos projetos didáticos e sua relação com os problemas ambientais. O processo de investigação foi dividido em três etapas. Na primeira etapa, foi realizado um levantamento das infrações ambientais ocorridas na região de Bauru/SP, durante um período de cinco anos. Segundo o levantamento, foram encontrados 22 tipos de infrações com alto índice de ocorrência: animais silvestres em cativeiro (26,75%), pesca irregular (17,72%), intervenções em área de floresta (13,37%) e intervenções em área de preservação permanente (11,74%). Essas infrações ambientais foram analisadas segundo a metodologia da Análise de Conteúdo de Bardin (1977) e agrupadas em seis temáticas para elaboração de projetos didáticos pelos acadêmicos da graduação em Biologia: 1) causar danos a qualquer tipo de animal; 2) causar prejuízos ecológicos devido à retirada de animais silvestres da natureza; 3) atividade poluidora; 4) pesca irregular; 5) intervenção em Área de Preservação Permanente (APP); e 6) intervenção em árvores isoladas e área florestal. Na segunda etapa, os acadêmicos se dividiram em seis grupos e cada grupo apresentou um seminário e na terceira etapa, eles elaboraram um projeto ambiental e desenvolveram material didático que pudesse ser utilizado por professores de Ciências/Biologia na Educação Básica. Segundo a análise dos seminários, os acadêmicos apresentaram dificuldade em buscar novos conhecimentos. Apenas um grupo sugeriu novas fontes de informação para ampliar o artigo estudado para a apresentação do seminário. Apesar de a maioria dos acadêmicos terem se posicionado quanto ao assunto abordado e proposto formas pautáveis para a melhoria da qualidade ambiental, esse comportamento somente ocorreu após serem estimulados pela professora da disciplina. Os projetos desenvolvidos pelos acadêmicos constituíram ferramentas eficazes no processo de aprendizagem. Os acadêmicos partiram de um problema real, pois utilizaram dados de infrações ambientais da Secretaria Estadual do Meio Ambiente, e construíram um saber ambiental, envolvendo as questões ecológicas, sociais e éticas. Todas as equipes realizaram entrevistas com grupos sociais específicos, o que auxiliou na reflexão sobre o assunto. Durante a análise dos projetos, concluiu-se que apenas os grupos 4 e 5 não aprofundaram o conteúdo da pesquisa, ao passo que o grupo 2 não elaborou um material didático eficiente para ser utilizado pelos professores da Educação Básica.
The purpose of this work is to present a research conducted with students taking a licentiate course in Biological Sciences. The meetings were held in the Environmental Education classes. The objective was to investigate the students’ conceptions of the environment and the environmental violations. The research aimed at collecting actual data to investigate these environmental conceptions on a systemic basis, in addition to reviewing the methodology of educational projects and their relationship with the environmental problems. The investigational process was divided into three phases. First, the information on environmental violations occurring in the region of Bauru/SP, within five years, was gathered. According with the information collected, 22 types of violations happening very often were found, namely: wild animals in captivity (26.75%), irregular fishing (17.72%), intervention in forest areas (13.37%) and intervention in permanent preservation area (11.74%). Secondly, these environmental violations were reviewed following Bardin Content Analysis methodology (1977) and grouped into six theme areas, so the undergraduate Biology students could propose their educational projects: 1) causing damages to any kind of animals; 2) causing ecological losses for removing the wild animals from nature; 3) polluting activity; 4) irregular fishing; 5) intervention in Permanent Preservation Area (PPA); and 6) intervention in isolate trees and forest area. In the second phase, the students were divided into six groups and each group made a presentation and in the third phase, they designed an environmental project and developed a teaching material to be used by Sciences/Biology teachers in Elementary Schools. By reviewing the presentations given, the students had difficulties to look for new knowledge sources. Only one group suggested new information sources to complement the article studied for the presentation. Although most of them have made their position on the matter discussed and proposed feasible ways to improve the environmental quality, they only had this behavior after being encouraged by their professor. Projects developed by the students became efficient tools in the learning process. The students started from an actual problem, as they used data on environmental violations provided by the State Secretariat for the Environment, and built an environmental knowledge, involving ecological, social and ethical issues. All the teams interviewed specific social groups, which helped thinking on the matter. While reviewing the projects, it was concluded that only groups 4 and 5 could not deepen the research content, while group 2 did not create an efficient teaching material to be used by the Elementary School teachers.
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Becka, Charlene Marie. "A case study of sulfur dioxide concentrations in Muscatine, Iowa and the ability for AERMOD to predict NAAQS violations." Thesis, University of Iowa, 2014. https://ir.uiowa.edu/etd/1429.

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Sulfur dioxide is a primary pollutant and a known respiratory irritant. While there is a small level of background SO2, elevated concentrations are caused by industrial emissions. Muscatine, IA was designated as an area of nonattainment due to the persistent elevated levels of SO2 in the area. There are currently no available methods for predicting potential SO2 violations in Muscatine, and very little research was found investigating predictive modeling efforts. This thesis examines atmospheric conditions in Muscatine caused by SO2 emissions from facilities near the city. The main goals were to examine the plume dispersion model AERMOD for its ability to accurately map pollution levels, and to determine whether AERMOD could be used to predict SO2 concentrations when using meteorological forecast models as weather inputs. An historical analysis was performed using meteorological records from 2007 and AERMOD. The maximum emission limit was used in AERMOD. The resulting predicted concentrations were compared with concentrations reported at a monitoring site within the city. A forecasting analysis was also completed using two weather model forecasts (WRF and NAM) from March 2012 as meteorological input for AERMOD. Accurate daily SO2 emissions were obtained from each facility, and the corresponding rates were used in AERMOD. The resulting predicted concentrations were compared with monitored concentrations during the same time period. Overall, the historical analysis showed AERMOD's tendency to overestimate SO2 concentrations, particularly on days that also resulted in high monitored levels. The forecasting analysis resulted in favorable results with respect to the WRF weather forecast, but the NAM forecast created concentrations in AERMOD that were poorly correlated with monitored values. AERMOD still was likely to overestimate concentrations, but these overestimations were lessened due to more accurate emission information. Further research will be needed to further advance the prediction of pollution levels.
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Books on the topic "Environment violations"

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Jacob, Friedlander, Burt Terry M, and Practising Law Institute, eds. Personal liability for environmental violations: Avoiding and defending civil suits and criminal prosecutions. New York, N.Y. (810 7th Ave., New York 10019): Practising Law Institute, 1991.

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Economic criteria for criminalization: Optimizing enforcement in case of environmental violations. Cambridge, U.K: Intersentia, 2012.

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Mamingi, Nlandu, and World Bank, eds. Disclosure of environmental violations and the stock market in the Republic of Korea. [Washington, D.C: World Bank, 2004.

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Lukʹi︠a︡nov, V. V. Tekhnicheskiĭ progress. Pravo. Obshchestvennai︠a︡ bezopasnostʹ. Moskva: "Soi︠u︡z", 2001.

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Upolnomochennyĭ po pravam cheloveka v Rossiĭskoĭ Federat︠s︡ii, ed. The environment and the violations of human rights: Special report of the Commissioner on Human Rights in the Russian Federation. Sofia: Pensoft, 2004.

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Blagov, E. V. Prestuplenii︠a︡ protiv obshchestvennoĭ bezopasnosti i obshchestvennogo pori︠a︡dka: Lekt︠s︡ii. Moskva: I︠U︡rlitinform, 2011.

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Office, General Accounting. Mining violations: Interior needs management control over automation effort : report to the chairman, Subcommittee on Environment, Energy, and Natural Resources, Committee on Government Operations, House of Representatives. Washington, D.C: The Office, 1986.

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Office, General Accounting. Drinking water: Consumers often not well-informed of potentially serious violations : report to the chairman, Subcommittee on Superfund, Ocean, and Water Protection, Committee on Environment and Public Works, U.S. Senate. Washington, D.C: GAO, 1992.

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Office, General Accounting. Occupational safety and health: Violations of safety and health regulations by federal contractors : report to Congressional requesters. Washington, D.C: The Office, 1996.

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Laplante, Benoît. Public disclosure of environmental violations in the Republic of Korea. Washington, D.C: World Bank, 2003.

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Book chapters on the topic "Environment violations"

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Wang, Yuning, and He Zhu. "Safe Exploration in Reinforcement Learning by Reachability Analysis over Learned Models." In Computer Aided Verification, 232–55. Cham: Springer Nature Switzerland, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-65633-0_11.

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AbstractWe introduce VELM, a reinforcement learning (RL) framework grounded in verification principles for safe exploration in unknown environments. VELM ensures that an RL agent systematically explores its environment, adhering to safety properties throughout the learning process. VELM learns environment models as symbolic formulas and conducts formal reachability analysis over the learned models for safety verification. An online shielding layer is then constructed to confine the RL agent’s exploration solely within a state space verified as safe in the learned model, thereby bolstering the overall safety profile of the RL system. Our experimental results demonstrate the efficacy of VELM across diverse RL environments, highlighting its capacity to significantly reduce safety violations in comparison to existing safe learning techniques, all without compromising the RL agent’s reward performance.
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Shivani, Ajmer Singh, Anita Singhrova, and Jitender Kumar. "A Makespan Based Framework for Detection of SLA Violations in Cloud Computing Environment." In Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing, 503–12. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-0751-9_47.

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Meira-Góes, Rômulo, Ian Dardik, Eunsuk Kang, Stéphane Lafortune, and Stavros Tripakis. "Safe Environmental Envelopes of Discrete Systems." In Computer Aided Verification, 326–50. Cham: Springer Nature Switzerland, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-37706-8_17.

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AbstractA safety verification task involves verifying a system against a desired safety property under certain assumptions about the environment. However, these environmental assumptions may occasionally be violated due to modeling errors or faults. Ideally, the system guarantees its critical properties even under some of these violations, i.e., the system is robust against environmental deviations. This paper proposes a notion of robustness as an explicit, first-class property of a transition system that captures how robust it is against possible deviations in the environment. We modeled deviations as a set of transitions that may be added to the original environment. Our robustness notion then describes the safety envelope of this system, i.e., it captures all sets of extra environment transitions for which the system still guarantees a desired property. We show that being able to explicitly reason about robustness enables new types of system analysis and design tasks beyond the common verification problem stated above. We demonstrate the application of our framework on case studies involving a radiation therapy interface, an electronic voting machine, a fare collection protocol, and a medical pump device.
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Pintado, Manuela, and Alexandra Aragão. "Pollution and Law." In Sustainable Development Goals Series, 85–97. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-24888-7_7.

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AbstractPollution law is the result of decades of legislative evolution in environmental law. The inherent complexity of pollution has legal consequences. Pollution norms are not compiled into one single harmonised pollution law and much less a “pollution code”. This makes it much harder to know, interpret, apply, monitor and implement pollution laws, and to apply sanctions to the violations of those laws. The final reason that explains and justifies efforts to regulate, tax, charge for, clean up, supervise and sanction pollution is protection of the victims of pollution. Intensive linear economic activity, which ignores the limits of the environment and the resulting long-term damage, is depleting the planet’s resources. It is therefore crucial to implement strategies and solutions that enable pollution prevention and that maximise the value of resources. Pollution prevention must be proactive and needs a pre-planned strategy. Current and future generations deserve a pollution-free world. Pollution is a battle that can be won.
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Pereira, Daniel Neves, and Stella Emery Santana. "Environmental hazards and human rights violations." In Globalization, Environmental Law, and Sustainable Development in the Global South, 276–304. London: Routledge, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003160236-15.

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Ndoinyo, Yannick. "Human rights violations in the name of conservation." In Environmental Defenders, 30–36. Abingdon, Oxon ; New York, NY : Routledge, 2021. | Series: Routledge explorations in environmental studies: Routledge, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003127222-5.

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Linneweber, Volker. "Norm Violations in Person X Place Transactions." In Environmental Social Psychology, 116–27. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-2802-2_11.

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König, Lukas, Christian Heinzemann, Alberto Griggio, Michaela Klauck, Alessandro Cimatti, Franziska Henze, Stefano Tonetta, Stefan Küperkoch, Dennis Fassbender, and Michael Hanselmann. "Towards Safe Autonomous Driving: Model Checking a Behavior Planner during Development." In Tools and Algorithms for the Construction and Analysis of Systems, 44–65. Cham: Springer Nature Switzerland, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-57249-4_3.

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AbstractAutomated driving functions are among the most critical software components to develop. Before deployment in series vehicles, it has to be shown that the functions drive safely and in compliance with traffic rules. Despite the coverage that can be reached with very large amounts of test drives, corner cases remain possible. Furthermore, the development is subject to time-to-delivery constraints due to the highly competitive market, and potential logical errors must be found as early as possible. We describe an approach to improve the development of an actual industrial behavior planner for the Automated Driving Alliance between Bosch and Cariad. The original process landscape for verification and validation is extended with model checking techniques. The idea is to integrate automated extraction mechanisms that, starting from the C++ code of the planner, generate a higher-level model of the underlying logic. This model, composed in closed loop with expressive environment descriptions, can be exhaustively analyzed with model checking. This results, in case of violations, in traces that can be re-executed in system simulators to guide the search for errors. The approach was exemplarily deployed in series development, and successfully found relevant issues in intermediate versions of the planner at development time.
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Lear-Nordby, Kelly. "Predicting Environmental Violations: An Empirical Examination of Illegal Corporate Behavior." In Empirical Studies of Environmental Policies in Europe, 117–46. Boston, MA: Springer US, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-4453-1_6.

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Wagner, Gerhard. "Tort Law and Human Rights." In Interdisciplinary Studies in Human Rights, 209–33. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-73835-8_12.

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AbstractThe article explores the relationship between tort law and human rights. It explains the potential inherent in holding corporations liable in tort for human rights violations along the supply chain, such as the 2013 Rana Plaza collapse in Bangladesh. On a theoretical level, it devises a legal framework of tort liability that is optimal from the standpoint of social welfare. Such an optimal liability system would make manufacturers internalise the full cost of production, including harm caused to workers, third parties and the environment. In contrast, the present global liability situation is characterised by legal fragmentation and enforcement deficits. These factors provide the explanation for the large-scale externalisation of production risks we witness today, leading to an inflated global demand. In principle, tort law is well suited to offer a remedy, as the interests protected by human rights and national tort law broadly overlap. Furthermore, the duty of care which is the core requirement for shifting losses to others via tort law is a flexible concept that may even be stretched to accommodate cross-border human rights policies. The new French “devoir de vigilance,” or human rights due diligence, as well the UK Supreme Court’s recent jurisprudence, aim to tap this potential. On the other hand, the article raises doubt in relation to the adverse economic incentives and market shifts if such duties are imposed selectively, i.e. only in some jurisdictions, but not in others. After all, private international law often stands in the way of a global application of national tort law. Finally, alternative mechanisms of enforcement are assessed and examined with a view to their comparative effectiveness. This analysis casts doubt on the usefulness of tort law as a means to further the human rights cause.
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Conference papers on the topic "Environment violations"

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Sakakibara, Ken, and Kunihiko Higa. "Privacy Violations of Video Communications in a Ubiquitous Environment." In 2009 Third International Conference on Multimedia and Ubiquitous Engineering (MUE). IEEE, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/mue.2009.45.

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Aldrawiesh, K., F. Siewe, and H. Zedan. "An observation model to detect security violations in web services environment." In the 2011 International Conference. New York, New York, USA: ACM Press, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/1980822.1980838.

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Tabibi, Zahra, and Hoda Hashemi Chahnoeei. "Driving behavior: traffic risk perception and intentions to commit driving violations in Iran." In 9th Asia Pacific Conference on Transportation & the Environment. Department of Civil Engineering, University of Moratuwa, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.31705/apte.2014.19.

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Lund Flogard, Eirik, Ole Jakob Mengshoel, and Kerstin Bach. "Creating Dynamic Checklists via Bayesian Case-Based Reasoning: Towards Decent Working Conditions for All." In Thirty-First International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence {IJCAI-22}. California: International Joint Conferences on Artificial Intelligence Organization, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.24963/ijcai.2022/709.

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Every year there are 1.9 million deaths world-wide attributed to occupational health and safety risk factors. To address poor working conditions and fulfill UN's SDG 8, "protect labour rights and promote safe working environments for all workers", governmental agencies conduct labour inspections, using checklists to survey individual organisations for working environment violations. Recent research highlights the benefits of using machine learning for creating checklists. However, the current methods only create static checklists and do not adapt them to new information that surfaces during use. In contrast, we propose a new method called Context-aware Bayesian Case-Based Reasoning (CBCBR) that creates dynamic checklists. These checklists are continuously adapted as the inspections progress, based on how they are answered. Our evaluations show that CBCBR's dynamic checklists outperform static checklists created via the current state-of-the-art methods, increasing the expected number of working environment violations found in the labour inspections.
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Sheikhani, Louai, HaiFeng Lu, and Chunhua Gu. "Priority-Based Scheduling Approach to Minimize the SLA Violations in Cloud Environment." In 2021 7th International Conference on Computer and Communications (ICCC). IEEE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iccc54389.2021.9674264.

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Alhajyaseen, Wael, Chantal Timmermans, Abdrabo Soliman, Tom Brijs, Khaled Bedair, Veerle Ross, and Wondwesen Girma Mamo. "Impact of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder on Driving among Drivers in Qatar." In Qatar University Annual Research Forum & Exhibition. Qatar University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.29117/quarfe.2021.0090.

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This study aims to investigate the impact of ADHD traits on young drivers’ deviant driving behaviors that may contribute to their involvement in traffic crashes. Methods: A sample of 450 young drivers from the State of Qatar were asked to fill the Adult ADHD Self-Report Scale and the Driver Behaviour Questionnaire, in order to examine the impact of self-reported ADHD traits on ordinary violations, driving errors, lapses and aggressive violations. A path analysis model was developed to test the predictability of these ADHD traits on deviant driving behaviours. Results: Male drivers with hyperactivity-impulsivity traits are significantly more likely to report deviant driving behaviors. In contrast, female drivers with inattention traits are more likely to report deviant driving behaviors. The inattention trait has a minor predictive role for young male drivers and is not significantly related to aggressive violations. Female drivers’ aggressive violations are not predicted by the hyperactivity-impulsivity trait, but the inattention traits among those drivers are the strongest predictor of aggressive violations. Conclusion: Theses results have practical implication regarding creating inclusion environment to trainee drivers with ADHD in driving school. This can be achieved by developing special driving training and education programs.
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Titarev, Dmitriy, Dmitriy Korostelyov, Valentin Titarev, and Dmitriy Kopeliovich. "Intelligent Image Labeling System for Recognizing Traffic Violations." In 31th International Conference on Computer Graphics and Vision. Keldysh Institute of Applied Mathematics, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.20948/graphicon-2021-3027-994-1004.

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The article examines the problems of traffic violations and possible changes in the city, including in the road infrastructure, based on their analysis. A conclusion is made about the applicability of machine learning methods for preparing and marking images for solving the problem. The article describes in detail the algorithms for automatic marking of images for recognizing traffic violations in order to create a comfortable urban environment. The existing information systems that solve this problem are analyzed, with an indication of their strengths and weaknesses. The description of an intelligent system developed by the authors and combining manual and automatic object recognition is given. The system development tools are described, including the libraries used. The experimental part contains the results of testing the system, incl. neural network training. Information on the number of images and objects on them is given, as well as information on the percentage of correctly detected objects for the automatic image labeling.
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Voloshkina, O., V. Efimenko, R. Sipakov, I. Sviatohorov, N. Nehoda, and O. Shcherbakova. "Geodetic Monitoring of the Pit Enclosure Soil Violations During the Office Center Construction in Kyiv." In 17th International Conference Monitoring of Geological Processes and Ecological Condition of the Environment. European Association of Geoscientists & Engineers, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.3997/2214-4609.2023520057.

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Gao, Shiqing, Jiaxin Ding, Luoyi Fu, Xinbing Wang, and Chenghu Zhou. "Exterior Penalty Policy Optimization with Penalty Metric Network under Constraints." In Thirty-Third International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence {IJCAI-24}. California: International Joint Conferences on Artificial Intelligence Organization, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.24963/ijcai.2024/443.

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In Constrained Reinforcement Learning (CRL), agents explore the environment to learn the optimal policy while satisfying constraints. The penalty function method has recently been studied as an effective approach for handling constraints, which imposes constraints penalties on the objective to transform the constrained problem into an unconstrained one. However, it is challenging to choose appropriate penalties that balance policy performance and constraint satisfaction efficiently. In this paper, we propose a theoretically guaranteed penalty function method, Exterior Penalty Policy Optimization (EPO), with adaptive penalties generated by a Penalty Metric Network (PMN). PMN responds appropriately to varying degrees of constraint violations, enabling efficient constraint satisfaction and safe exploration. We theoretically prove that EPO consistently improves constraint satisfaction with a convergence guarantee. We propose a new surrogate function and provide worst-case constraint violation and approximation error. In practice, we propose an effective smooth penalty function, which can be easily implemented with a first-order optimizer. Extensive experiments are conducted, showing that EPO outperforms the baselines in terms of policy performance and constraint satisfaction with a stable training process, particularly on complex tasks.
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Shifrin, V. G., N. V. Limarenko, D. V. Trinz, D. S. Inozemtsev, and A. I. Savchenko. "ANALYSIS OF ECONOMIC AND ENVIRONMENTAL LOSSES CAUSED BY ELECTROMAGNETIC COMPATIBILITY ISSUES." In STATE AND DEVELOPMENT PROSPECTS OF AGRIBUSINESS Volume 2. DSTU-Print, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.23947/interagro.2020.2.280-283.

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This article discusses the problems of the influence of electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) violations of electrical and electronic devices on the surrounding ecosystems. The analysis is carried out and the classification of EMC violations is given, the causes of the compatibility violation are examined, and the economic losses and the negative environmental impact, as a consequence of the considered violations, are analyzed. A classification and generalization of methods to minimize the negative consequences of EMC violations was carried out, criteria for reducing economic losses were considered, methods for preventing and preventing EMC violations of various power and electronic devices were classified. The methods of monitoring the compatibility of devices are considered and recommendations are given for observing the necessary safety and control requirements.
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Reports on the topic "Environment violations"

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Delgado, María. Political Advocacy in Colombia: Impact Evaluation of the “Building peace by securing rights for victims of conflict and violence in Colombia” project. Oxfam GB, October 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21201/2021.8120.

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The “Building peace by securing rights for victims of conflict and violence in Colombia” project was implemented by Oxfam in Colombia and a network of partners from 2015-2019. It focused on helping victims and Colombian human rights and peace organisations to strengthen their capacities to demand justice for rights violations and to advocate for a more favourable environment to the recognition of victim's rights. The assessment focused on the effectiveness of the project in relation to outcomes extracted from the Theory of Change. It used a combination of participatory methods and tools, the main method being process tracing, a qualitative research method that is useful for inferring causal relationships as well as contribution analysis. The report provides evidence of strengthened capacities at different levels and concludes that the advocacy work carried out as part of the project has demonstrated high levels of effectiveness. Read the full report to find out more.
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Tauli-Corpuz, Victoria, Janis Alcorn, and Augusta Molnar. Cornered by Protected Areas: Replacing ‘Fortress’ Conservation with Rights-based Approaches Helps Bring Justice for Indigenous Peoples and Local Communities, Reduces Conflict, and Enables Cost-effective Conservation and Climate Action. Rights and Resources Initiative, June 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.53892/exqc6889.

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Faced with growing environmental threats, governments and the international community have sought ways to halt biodiversity loss and ecosystem degradation and realize global climate and development priorities. Today, expanding the global network of protected areas is a key approach for achieving the goals of the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD), the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development, and the Paris Agreement on climate change. But human pressure is increasing in and around protected areas, and far from improving the lives of those affected by the growing number of conservation initiatives, land and forest sequestration through “fortress” conservation approaches is creating chronic patterns of abuse and human-rights violations. In a context where many protected areas are underfunded and therefore limited in their capacity to deliver climate or biodiversity outcomes, the push for still more and even larger parks and conservation areas only stands to exacerbate the existing funding gap and the potential for injustice. Yet, despite widespread poverty and insecure resource rights, evidence shows that Indigenous Peoples and local communities are nevertheless spending their limited resources on conservation efforts and achieving outcomes that are at least equivalent to those of government-funded protected areas. As this brief shows, there is an urgent need to replace the fortress-conservation model with rights-based approaches to both improve conservation outcomes and end human-rights abuses committed in the name of conservation.
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Kwon, Heeseo Rain, HeeAh Cho, Jongbok Kim, Sang Keon Lee, and Donju Lee. International Case Studies of Smart Cities: Orlando, United States of America. Inter-American Development Bank, June 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0007015.

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This case study is one of ten international studies developed by the Korea Research Institute for Human Settlements (KRIHS), in association with the Inter-American Development Bank (IDB), for the cities of Anyang, Medellin, Namyangju, Orlando, Pangyo, Rio de Janeiro, Santander, Singapore, Songdo, and Tel Aviv. At the IDB, the Competitiveness and Innovation Division (CTI), the Fiscal and Municipal Management Division (FMM), and the Emerging and Sustainable Cities Initiative (ESCI) coordinated the study. This project was part of technical cooperation ME-T1254, financed by the Knowledge Partnership Korean Fund for Technology and Innovation of the Republic of Korea. At KRIHS, the National Infrastructure Research Division coordinated the project and the Global Development Partnership Center provided the funding. As an international destination for theme parks, sporting events and conventions, Orlando approaches the smart city operation through Orlando Operations Center (OOC), an integrated facility established in 2001 by the Mayor after the 1997 hurricane. The major features of the integrated operation include the sharing of fiber optic networks and CCTV cameras, and close cooperation between transport, police and fire departments for road, criminal and disaster incident, and the emergency operation center within the OOC taking the lead in case of special event management and large-scale natural disasters. Along with the OOC, the city hall also utilizes smart city functions such as red light violation enforcement through detectors, bus management through AVL technology, GPS garbage truck tracking, and GIS water management. Orlando has experienced significant benefits in terms of shortened decision-making and response time, reduced operation cost, and improved environmental impacts, as well as enhanced service quality and communication with citizen.
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4

Weissinger, Rebecca, and Carolyn Hackbarth. Water quality in the Northern Colorado Plateau Network: Water years 2019?2022. National Park Service, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.36967/2304433.

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Water quality monitoring in National Park Service units of the Northern Colorado Plateau Network (NCPN) is made possible through partnerships between the National Park Service Inventory & Monitoring Division, individual park units, the U.S. Geological Survey, and the Utah Department of Environmental Quality. This report evaluates water quality data from site visits at 42 different locations within and around eight park units in Utah and Colorado from October 1, 2018 through September 30, 2022. Data are compared to state water quality standards for the purpose of providing information to park managers about potential water quality problems. Parks included for evaluation are Arches National Park (NP), Bryce Canyon NP, Canyonlands NP, Capitol Reef NP, Dinosaur National Monument (NM), Hovenweep NM, Timpanogos Cave NM, and Zion NP. Evaluation of water quality parameters relative to state water quality standards indicated that 21,644 (96.8%) of the 22,356 total designated beneficial-use evaluations completed for the period covered in this report met state water quality standards. The most common parameters that did not meet a standard include fecal indicator bacteria (Escherichia coli), water temperature, and total dissolved solids (TDS). While TDS can be an indicator of pollution, in NCPN parks, it mostly occurs downstream of rock outcrops that naturally increase TDS in streams. Phosphorus concentrations were often greater than acceptable thresholds but were rarely associated with indicators of impairment such as algal blooms, fish kills, or low dissolved oxygen. Sites monitored in Arches NP, Bryce Canyon NP, Capitol Reef NP, Dinosaur NM, Hovenweep NM, and Zion NP all had occurrences when fecal indicator bacteria concentrations were greater than associated state standards. State-coordinated plans to reduce waste contamination are in place for the North Fork Virgin River (Zion NP) and the Fremont River (Capitol Reef NP). The plans have resulted in a decrease in the number of chronic and acute standard violations at Zion. Elevated water temperatures occurred at sites in Canyonlands NP, Capitol Reef NP, and Zion NP. Water temperature is strongly correlated with air temperature in surface waters across the Colorado Plateau. Additional issues of management concern include low dissolved oxygen in Salt Wash at Wolfe Ranch (Arches NP) and Square Tower Spring (Hovenweep NM), as well as selenium in the Colorado River (Arches NP and Canyonlands NP). State-coordinated plans to reduce selenium concentrations in the Upper Colorado River basin are in place.
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