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1
Koops, Wierd. Response methods applicable to substances classified as gases and fast evaporators when released into the aquatic environment. The Hague: SDU Publishers, 1988.
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2
Walker, Caryn Faure. Elsewhere...: An exhibition exploring change in open spaces brought about by art, technology and the need for a sustainable environment. Southampton: John Hansard Gallery, 1996.
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United States. Congress. House. Committee on Government Operations. Environment, Energy, and Natural Resources Subcommittee. Problems in the Nuclear Regulatory Commission's personnel security clearance program: Hearing before the Environment, Energy, and Natural Resources Subcommittee of the Committee on Government Operations, House of Representatives, One Hundred First Congress, first session, March 15, 1989. Washington: U.S. G.P.O., 1989.
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United States. Congress. House. Committee on Government Operations. Environment, Energy, and Natural Resources Subcommittee. Problems in the Nuclear Regulatory Commission's personnel security clearance program: Hearing before the Environment, Energy, and Natural Resources Subcommittee of the Committee on Government Operations, House of Representatives, One Hundred First Congress, first session, March 15, 1989. Washington: U.S. G.P.O., 1989.
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5
United States. Congress. House. Committee on Government Operations. Environment, Energy, and Natural Resources Subcommittee. Problems in the Nuclear Regulatory Commission's personnel security clearance program: Hearing before the Environment, Energy, and Natural Resources Subcommittee of the Committee on Government Operations, House of Representatives, One Hundred First Congress, first session, March 15, 1989. Washington: U.S. G.P.O., 1989.
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6
Britain, Great. Miscellaneous Manufacturing Not Elsewhere Classified. Stationery Office Books, 1996.
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Britain, Great. Manufacture of Electrical Equipment Not Elsewhere Classified. Stationery Office Books, 1996.
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Office, Central Statistical. Manufacture of Domestic Appliances Not Elsewhere Classified. Stationery Office Books, 1996.
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Britain, Great. Manufacture of Other Transport Equipment Not Elsewhere Classified. Stationery Office Books, 1996.
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10
Grant, Jon E., and Marc N. Potenza. Overview of the Impulse Control Disorders Not Elsewhere Classified and Limitations of Knowledge. Edited by Jon E. Grant and Marc N. Potenza. Oxford University Press, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780195389715.013.0012.
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Several disorders have been classified together in the American Psychiatric Association’s Diagnostic and Statistical Manual (4th ed.; DSM-IV) as impulse control disorders not elsewhere classified. These impulse control disorders have been grouped together based on perceived similarities in clinical presentation and hypothesized similarities in pathophysiologies. The question exists whether these disorders belong together or whether they should be categorized elsewhere. Examination of the family of impulse control disorders generates questions regarding the distinct nature of each disorder: whether each is unique or whether they represent variations of each other or other psychiatric disorders. Neurobiology may cut across disorders, and identifying important intermediary phenotypes will be important in understanding impulse control disorders and related entities. The distress of patients with impulse control disorders highlights the importance of examining these disorders. More comprehensive information has significant potential for advancing prevention and treatment strategies for those who suffer from disorders characterized by impaired impulse control.
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Group, Research, and The Agricultural Chemicals Not Elsewhere Classified Research Group. The 2000-2005 World Outlook for Agricultural Chemicals Not Elsewhere Classified (Strategic Planning Series). 2nd ed. Icon Group International, 2000.
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Group, Research, and The Space Vehicle Equipment Not Elsewhere Classified Research Group. The 2000-2005 World Outlook for Space Vehicle Equipment Not Elsewhere Classified (Strategic Planning Series). 2nd ed. Icon Group International, 2000.
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Wuschke, Kathryn, and J. Bryan Kinney. Built Environment, Land Use, and Crime. Edited by Gerben J. N. Bruinsma and Shane D. Johnson. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190279707.013.14.
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Grounded within environmental criminology, several theoretical frameworks have emphasized the important connection between land use and concentrations of urban crime. Guided by these approaches, this chapter provides an overview of existing research, exploring the varied connections between urban land use and crime. These concepts are illustrated through the use of a multiscale research example centered on Coquitlam, British Columbia, Canada. The results highlight the importance of locally based studies, and emphasize that the relationship between land use and crime varies according to both crime type and scale of analysis. Among the findings is that both property crimes and crimes against persons occur in highest numbers on residential properties; but in disproportionately highest rates on addresses classified as commercial and civic, institutional, and recreational.
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Canada. Occupational Analysis and Classification Systems Division., ed. Canadian classification and dictionary of occupations, occupations in major groups: 91, transport equipment operating, 93, material handling, 95, other crafts and equipment operating, 99, occupations not elsewhere classified. [Ottawa]: Employment and Immigration Canada, 1986.
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15
Mataix-Cols, David, and Odile A. van den Heuvel. Neuroanatomy of Obsessive Compulsive and Related Disorders. Edited by Gail Steketee. Oxford University Press, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780195376210.013.0027.
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Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) shares features and often co-occurs with other anxiety disorders, as well as with other psychiatric conditions classified elsewhere in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual (DSM-IV), the so-called “OCD spectrum disorders.” Neurobiologically, it is unclear how all these disorders relate to one another. The picture is further complicated by the clinical heterogeneity of OCD. This chapter will review the literature on the common and distinct neural correlates of OCD vis-à-vis other anxiety and “OCD spectrum” disorders. Furthermore, the question of whether partially distinct neural systems subserve the different symptom dimensions of OCD will be examined. Particular attention will be paid to hoarding, which is emerging as a distinct entity from OCD. Finally, new insights from cognitive and affective neuroscience will be reviewed before concluding with a summary and recommendations for future research.
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Watson, Francis. A Gospel of the Eleven. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198814801.003.0010.
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A perceived inadequacy in existing post-resurrection narratives seems to have inspired the second-century author of the Epistula Apostolorum to compose a comprehensive post-resurrection dialogue. In this—after securing with some difficulty their acceptance that he is truly alive—Jesus answers his disciples’ wide-ranging questions mainly about issues of eschatology and mission. Also present in this text are retrospective summaries of his descent from the heavenly world and his earthly career. While this important though neglected text may usefully be classified with works in a similar format, from Nag Hammadi and elsewhere, its primary affinities are with the traditions of Jesus’ earthly career reflected in Matthew, Luke, and especially John. In particular, the Johannine account of Easter Day and its aftermath provides the author not so much with a normative exemplar as with a source that he exploits freely and critically to develop his proto-orthodox theological agenda.
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Lejoyeux, Michel, and Candice Germain. Pyromania: Phenomenology and Epidemiology. Edited by Jon E. Grant and Marc N. Potenza. Oxford University Press, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780195389715.013.0049.
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Pyromania corresponds to fire setting not done for criminal reasons, for profit or sabotage, for monetary gain, as an expression of sociopolitical ideology (an act of terrorism or protest) or anger, or for revenge. Pyromania, in the sense of arson without a separate motive, is a rare phenomenon.In the DSM-IV-TR, pyromania is classified as an impulse control disorder (ICD) not elsewhere classified. It is characterized by a failure to resist impulsive, repetitive, deliberate fire-setting urges that are unrelated to external reward.The only study of the prevalence of fire setting derived from the National Epidemiological Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions found a lifetime prevalence of 1% for fire setting in the U.S. population. The prevalence of pyromania in adult psychiatric inpatients was 3.4% (n = 7), and the lifetime prevalence was 5.9%.Fire setting is significantly associated with a wide range of antisocial behaviors. Multivariate logistic regression analyses identified strong associations between lifetime alcohol and marijuana use disorders, conduct disorder, antisocial and obsessive-compulsive personality disorders, and a family history of antisocial behavior. Intentional illicit fire-setting behavior is associated with a broad array of antisocial behaviors and psychiatric comorbidities. The most prevalent psychiatric disorders among persons with a history of fire setting are any lifetime alcohol use disorder (71.7%), antisocial personality disorder (51.46%), marijuana use disorder (43.17%), and nicotine dependence (42.95%). A family history of antisocial behavior is also frequent (60%).
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Bolt, Paul J., and Sharyl N. Cross. The Sino–Russian Military–Security Relationship. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198719519.003.0003.
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China and Russia see numerous external and internal challenges that threaten their security, including Russia’s standoff with NATO over Ukraine and China’s territorial disputes in the South China Sea, and both states are increasing the capabilities of their military forces. In this environment, China and Russia have established a secure border that enables them to focus elsewhere. Russian arms sales to China are important, and the two sides engage in joint military exercises, both bilaterally and in conjunction with the Shanghai Cooperation Organization. They further cooperate on regional issues and space. However, China and Russia have not formed a military alliance, and the memory of past conflicts and the growing power of the People’s Liberation Army (PLA) vis-à-vis the Russian military place limits on security cooperation.
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Williams, Paul D. Stabilization. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198724544.003.0013.
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Particularly after expelling al-Shabaab’s main forces from Mogadishu in August 2011, AMISOM began to pursue stabilization programmes. But it struggled in large part because Somalia’s asymmetric threat environment made any stabilization initiatives extremely difficult, AMISOM was never designed or equipped to be a force that operated in this type of situation, and its local partners proved rather ineffective. Hence, while AMISOM achieved some notable military successes including recovering dozens of settlements from al-Shabaab, it was unable to consistently deliver on the governance dimension of its stabilization agenda. This chapter analyses these issues by first summarizing the evolution of AMISOM’s stabilization agenda and then identifying ten challenges that bedevilled its efforts in this area. The concluding section identifies nine lessons from AMISOM’s experience in Somalia that might help in designing more effective stabilization operations elsewhere.
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Tan, E. K. From Exile to Queer Homecoming. Edited by Carlos Rojas and Andrea Bachner. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199383313.013.40.
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While tropes of exile and transgressive aesthetics have been prominent characteristics of queer-themed literature in Taiwan, this chapter focuses on queer homecoming as a literary and political imaginary. Rather than echoing or contesting critiques leveled at the domestication of queerness, for instance in the debates about same-sex marriage in Taiwan and elsewhere, to analyze representations of queer kinship provides insights about the displaced connection and meaning of home for queer subjects. Taking Chen Xue’s diary novelA Wife’s Diaryas an example, this chapter treats queer homecoming as an intervention into a seemingly stable heteronormative structure. Such an intervention urges both queer subjects and their families to simultaneously navigate and negotiate a new type of kinship that is more inclusive than the traditional one. Queer homecoming allows us to rearrange and rethink the notion of home and thus creates a more welcoming familial environment.
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Sager, Jalel. National Energy Signatures. Edited by Debra J. Davidson and Matthias Gross. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190633851.013.4.
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Fossil fuels and their high yield of available energy regulate the global economy and structure its hierarchy of nations. When a “pulse” of energy—over months, years, decades, or centuries—enters the global industrial system, overshoot dynamics are often observed. The system enters a new mode of production, with new technical combinations. Once it does, it is extremely difficult to return to the old infrastructure, even though the energy resource that provided the pulse likely will yield less over the years (the US and its highway system provide one example of an infrastructural system conceived in a higher-yielding environment, the US oil boom of the early twentieth century). As the energy surplus, or marginal resource return, begins to diminish, output declines, slowing the rise of powerful nations, and transferring growth elsewhere. The effects of declining returns often show up in the monetary system.
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Eamus, Derek, Tom Hatton, Peter Cook, and Christine Colvin. Ecohydrology. CSIRO Publishing, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/9780643094093.
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Ecohydrology: Vegetation Function, Water and Resource Management describes and provides a synthesis of the different disciplines required to understand the sustainable management of water in the environment in order to tackle issues such as dryland salinity and environmental water allocation. It provides in the one volume the fundamentals of plant ecophysiology, hydrology and ecohydrology as they relate to this topic.
Both conceptual foundations and field methods for the study of ecohydrology are provided, including chapters on groundwater dependent ecosystems, salinity and practical case studies of ecohydrology. The importance of ecologically sustainable development and environmental allocations of water are explained in a chapter devoted to policy and principles underpinning water resource management and their application to water and vegetation management. A chapter on modelling brings together the ecophysiological and hydrological domains and compares a number of models that are used in ecohydrology.
For the sustainable management of water in Australia and elsewhere, this important reference work will assist land managers, industry, policy makers, students and scientists achieve the required understanding of water in landscapes.
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Weiner, Marli F., and Mazie Hough. Placed Bodies. University of Illinois Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5406/illinois/9780252036996.003.0004.
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This chapter examines how physicians developed the concept of place to reconcile the complexities of race and sex when defining bodies and their health and sicknesses. In the increasingly contested political arena of the antebellum years, southern physicians knew that their work would most likely be received favorably if it reinforced the region's distinctiveness. Awareness that some places were inherently unhealthy and that some people were more likely to get sick in them was part of the anecdotal medical lore that informed physicians' thinking about bodies as placed. Doctors were well aware that southerners fell victim to different diseases and had to be treated differently from people elsewhere in the nation. Thus, doctors argued that a specifically southern medical theory and practice was necessary. This chapter explores how nineteenth-century physicians seeking to understand the consequences of placed bodies invoked the South's climate and the concept of acclimation to explain disease. It shows that laypeople shared physicians' convictions that medicine was specific to place and that bodies were shaped by their environment.
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Klestinec, Cynthia. Touch, Trust and Compliance in Early Modern Medical Practice. Edinburgh University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/edinburgh/9781474400046.003.0011.
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There are references to poxes and bloodletting elsewhere in The Alchemist, but Jonson uses the ordinary experience of barbering, and the familiar relationship between barber and patient, to ponder the dangers of the razor. By way of that razor, the scene highlights the problem of trust between these tricksters. Note that Face needs a shave but that he acknowledges the potential dangers of his cohort’s touch. Can he trust Subtle? Specifically, can he trust Subtle’s touch and his use of the blade? Or, in Face’s words, ‘And not cut my throat, but trim me?’ Although the play conducts us through urban marketplaces, alchemical fantasies, the laboratory and vice, Jonson evokes a medical setting and the familiar encounter between barber and patient (client) to present a highly charged moment of estrangement and negotiation. Barbering was ordinary, a part of hygiene and a means for securing health.2 But in this newly competitive environment of the marketplace, both the relation between barber and patient and the activities of the barber are potentially transformed.
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Hassenteufel, Patrick, and Bruno Palier. The French Welfare System. Edited by Robert Elgie, Emiliano Grossman, and Amy G. Mazur. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199669691.013.4.
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The French welfare system is usually classified as a case of a corporatist–conservative welfare regime because its main components clearly reflect the Bismarckian tradition of social insurance. The economic, social, and political functions of the French welfare system developed after 1945 explain the subsequent difficulties in transforming it following the economic crisis of the 1970s. We show that until the 1990s the main goal of welfare policies was the rescue of the French model based on financial measures. It is only since the end of the twentieth century that French social programs and institutions have been progressively (and partly) reformed to adapt to the new economic and social environment. This reform trajectory has been changed only slightly since the 2008 crisis, despite growing European intrusiveness.
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Nambiar, Sadanandan, and Ian Ferguson. New Forests. CSIRO Publishing, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/9780643093089.
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There is no question that the timber industry needs to adopt sustainable practices that ensure a future for the industry. This book goes well beyond simply growing commercial tree plantations for wood production. It explores new forests that can supply environmental services such as salinity mitigation and carbon sequestration together with commercial wood production in an environment beyond the boundaries of traditional forestry.
New Forests targets agricultural landscapes affected by salinity and which generally have rainfall less than 650 mm per year. The book addresses vital issues such as where tree planting might best be pursued, what species and technologies should be used for establishment and later management, how productivity can be improved, what mix of environmental services and commercial goods is optimum, and whether the likely net benefits justify the change in land use and requisite investment.
While the book is focussed on the low-rainfall, agricultural, inland zone of the Murray-Darling Basin wherever possible the scope of most chapters has been expanded to synthesise generic information applicable to other regions in Australia and elsewhere.
The authors provide a comprehensive account of all the issues relevant to the development of these new forests, covering soils, the bio-physical environment, water use and irrigation strategies - including the use of wastewater, silviculture, pests and diseases, wood quality and products, and economics and policy implications.
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van Eeten, Michel J. G., and Emery Roe. Ecology, Engineering, and Management. Oxford University Press, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195139686.001.0001.
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Ecology, Engineering, and the Paradox of Management is the first book that addresses and reconciles what many take to be the core paradox facing environmental decision-makers and stakeholders: How do they restore the environment while at the same time provide ever more services reliably from that environment, including clean air, water and energy for more and more people? The book provides a conceptual framework, empirical case analyses, and organizational proposals to resolve the paradox, be it in the US, Europe, or elsewhere. Thus, Ecology, Engineering, and the Paradox of Management has multiple audiences. First are the key professions involved in the protection and improvement of ecosystems and in the provision and delivery of services from those ecosystems. These include ecologists (and other natural scientists such as conservation biologists, climatologists, forest scientists, and toxicologists), engineers (as well as hydrologists, environmental engineers, civil engineers, and line operators), modeling and gaming experts, managers, planners, and power, agriculture, and recreation communities. Another audience includes university researchers in ecology, conservation biology, engineering, the policy sciences, and resource management. Those interested in interdisciplinary approaches in these fields will also find the book especially helpful. Finally, those interested in the Everglades, the Columbia River Basin, San Francisco Bay-Delta, and the Green Heart of western Netherlands will find new insights here, as the book provides a detailed examination of the paradox in each of these cases.
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Deamer, David W. Assembling Life. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190646387.001.0001.
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In Assembling Life, David Deamer addresses questions that are the cutting edge of research on the origin of life. For instance, how did non-living organic compounds assemble into the first forms of primitive cellular life? What was the source of those compounds and the energy that produced the first nucleic acids? Did life begin in the ocean or in fresh water on terrestrial land masses? Could life have begun on Mars? The book provides an overview of conditions on the early Earth four billion years ago and explains why fresh water hot springs are a plausible alternative to salty seawater as a site where life can begin. Deamer describes his studies of organic compounds that were likely to be available in the prebiotic environment and the volcanic conditions that can drive chemical evolution toward the origin of life. The book is not exclusively Earth-centric, but instead considers whether life could begin elsewhere in our solar system. Deamer does not propose how life did begin, because we can never know that with certainty. Instead, his goal is to understand how life can begin on any habitable planet, with Earth so far being the only known example.
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Keown, Damien. Buddhist Ethics: A Very Short Introduction. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/actrade/9780198850052.001.0001.
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Buddhist Ethics: A Very Short Introduction brings together two largely independent fields of knowledge: Buddhism and ethics. It begins by explaining Buddhist ethical teachings and then asking how these teachings might be classified in terms of more familiar Western theories of ethics. Following this overview, the remainder of the book considers how Buddhism might respond to six specific issues of contemporary concern that have proved controversial in the West. A separate chapter is devoted to each of the following topics: animals and the environment; sexuality and gender; war, violence, and terrorism; abortion; suicide and euthanasia; and biomedical technologies and Transhumanism. While Buddhism shares many moral values with other religions like Christianity, some aspects of its moral teachings—like karma and rebirth—are less familiar and result in positions that are more nuanced than might at first be imagined.
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Mitchell, Olivia, and Annamaria Lusardi, eds. Remaking Retirement. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198867524.001.0001.
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Around the world, people nearing and entering retirement are holding ever-greater levels of debt than in the past. This is not a benign situation, as many pre-retirees and retirees are stressed about their indebtedness. Moreover, this growth in debt among the older population may render retirees vulnerable to financial shocks, medical care bills, and changes in interest rates. Contributors to this volume explore key aspects of the rise in debt across older cohorts, drill down into the types of debt and reasons for debt incurred by the older population, and review policies to remedy some of the financial problems facing older persons, in the United States and elsewhere. The authors explore which groups are most affected by debt, and they also identify the factors causing this important increase in leverage at older ages. It is clear that the economic and market environments are influential when it comes to saving and debt. Access to easy borrowing, low interest rates, and the rising cost of education have had important impacts on how much people borrow, and how much debt they carry at older ages. In this environment, the capacity to manage debt is ever more important as older workers lack the opportunity to recover for mistakes.
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Scholar, Richard, ed. Divided Cities. Oxford University Press, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780192807083.001.0001.
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Cities, at their best, are cradles of diversity, opportunity, and citizenship. Why, then, do so many cities today seem scarred by divisions separating the powerful and privileged from the victims of deprivation and injustice? What is it like to live on the wrong side of the divide in Paris, London, New York, Sao Paolo, and other cities all over the world? In this book, based on the internationally renowned Oxford Amnesty Lectures, eight leading urban thinkers argue about why divisions arise in cities and about what could and should be done to bring those divisions to an end. The book features essays by Patrick Declerck, Stuart Hall, David Harvey, Richard Rogers, Patricia Williams, and James Wolfensohn, with commentaries from Peter Hall, Michael Likosky, and others. The many contemporary issues that the book addresses include the impact of globalization and migration on the urban environment, the consequences of the 'war on terror' for those living in cities, the new development paradigm being adopted by international institutions in the developing world, the need for a genuine urban renaissance in Britain and elsewhere, and the suffering of the homeless. These controversial and sometimes conflicting essays, linked by Richard Scholar's incisive introduction, aim to encourage and inform debate about the challenges to human rights in our increasingly urban world.
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Paquin, Jonathan, and Stephen M. Saideman. Foreign Intervention in Ethnic Conflicts. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acrefore/9780190846626.013.183.
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Foreign intervention in ethnic conflicts has received significant attention in the last 20 years. Scholars have initially considered the sources for these interventions through instrumental and affective factors, though a better classification involves grouping these motives between domestic and international factors. The former category assumes that a third state’s internal politics best explain motives of intervention, and that domestic groups within the state have the greatest impact on foreign policy decision making. Theories based on domestic explanations assume that domestic politics greatly matter in the formulation of states’ decisions to intervene or not in ethnic conflicts elsewhere. As for the external explanations, scholars share a common assertion that the international environment is the central determinant explaining third state intervention. These explanations focus on the impact of institutions and international norms on the international relations of ethnic conflicts. In addition to these approaches, this area of research still contains many issues left unaddressed, such as how interference from outside might affect an ethnic conflict, and what forms of analysis might be used to study foreign interventions. Scholars have applied both quantitative and qualitative techniques, and the diaspora literature stands out for relying almost exclusively on case studies and on very notable cases. Otherwise, the rest of the work in this field follows the current standards by using a mixture of case studies and quantitative analyses depending on the questions in play.
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Hopkins, Graeme, and Christine Goodwin. Living Architecture. CSIRO Publishing, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/9780643103078.
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Extensively illustrated with photographs and drawings, Living Architecture highlights the most exciting green roof and living wall projects in Australia and New Zealand within an international context.
Cities around the world are becoming denser, with greater built form resulting in more hard surfaces and less green space, leaving little room for vegetation or habitat. One way of creating more natural environments within cities is to incorporate green roofs and walls in new buildings or to retrofit them in existing structures. This practice has long been established in Europe and elsewhere, and now Australia and New Zealand have begun to embrace it.
The installation of green roofs and walls has many benefits, including the management of stormwater and improved water quality by retaining and filtering rainwater through the plants’ soil and root uptake zone; reducing the ‘urban heat island effect’ in cities; increasing real estate values around green roofs and reducing energy consumption within the interior space by shading, insulation and reducing noise level from outside; and providing biodiversity opportunities via a vertical link between the roof and the ground.
This book will appeal to a wide range of readers, from students and practitioners of architecture, landscape architecture, urban planning and ecology, through to members of the community interested in how they can more effectively use the rooftops and walls of their homes or workplaces to increase green open space in the urban environment.
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Friesen, Max, and Owen Mason, eds. The Oxford Handbook of the Prehistoric Arctic. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199766956.001.0001.
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The North American Arctic was one of the last regions on Earth to be settled by humans, due to its extreme climate, limited range of resources, and remoteness from populated areas. Despite these factors, it holds a rich and complex history relating to Inuit, Iñupiat, Inuvialuit, Yupik, and Aleut peoples and their ancestors. The artifacts, dwellings, and food remains of these ancient peoples are remarkably well preserved due to cold temperatures and permafrost, allowing archaeologists to reconstruct their lifeways with great accuracy. Furthermore, the combination of modern Elders’ traditional knowledge with the region’s high-resolution ethnographic record allows past peoples’ lives to be reconstructed to a level simply not possible elsewhere. Combined, these factors yield an archaeological record of global significance—the Arctic provides ideal case studies relating to issues as diverse as the impacts of climate change on human societies, the complex process of interaction between indigenous peoples and Europeans, and the dynamic relationships between environment, economy, social organization, and ideology in hunter-gatherer societies. In this book, each Arctic cultural tradition is described in detail, with up-to-date coverage of recent interpretations of all aspects of their lifeways. Additional chapters cover broad themes applicable to the full range of arctic cultures, such as trade, stone tool technology, ancient DNA research, and the relationship between archaeology and modern arctic communities. The resulting volume, written by the region’s leading researchers, is by far the most comprehensive coverage of North American arctic archaeology ever assembled.
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Morgan, Philip J., John R. McNeill, Matthew Mulcahy, and Stuart B. Schwartz. Sea and Land. Oxford University PressNew York, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780197555446.001.0001.
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Abstract Sea and Land provides an in-depth environmental history of the Caribbean to ca. 1850, comprising a close examination of some of the central forces and characteristics that defined the region, with a coda that takes the story into the modern era. It explores the mixing, movement, and displacement of peoples and the parallel ecological mixing of animals, plants, microbes from Africa, Europe, elsewhere in the Americas, and indeed Asia. It examines first the arrival of Native American to the region and the environmental transformations that followed. It then turns to the even more dramatic changes that accompanied the arrival of Europeans and Africans in the fifteenth century. Throughout it argues that the constant arrival, dispersal, and mingling of new plants and animals gave rise to a creole ecology. Particular attention is given to the emergence of black slavery, sugarcane, and the plantation system, an unholy trinity that thoroughly transformed the region’s demographic and physical landscapes and made the Caribbean a vital site in the creation of the modern western world. This volume integrates research concerning natural resources, conservation, epidemiology, and climate in a new general environmental history of the region. It makes environmental perspectives more accessible and more indispensable, to scholars and students alike, to foster both a fuller appreciation of the extent to which environmental factors shaped historical developments in the Caribbean and the extent to which human actions have transformed the biophysical environment of the region over time.
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Australian Soil Fertility Manual. CSIRO Publishing, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/9780643100725.
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The Australian Soil Fertility Manual is a trusted guide to the safe use and handling of fertilizers. It describes the types of agricultural soils, how they are classified and the interaction of soil, water and nutrients. It also provides an insight into how plants utilise nutrients and the role that individual nutrients play in the process of plant growth.
This edition has been revised to reflect an increased emphasis on the environmental fate of nutrients and appropriate management strategies. It also has additional information on soil physical, chemical, and biological properties and discussions on the use of lime, dolomite and gypsum.
New content covers liming effectiveness, nitrogen water use efficiency, regulations for handling and using fertilizers, storage and transport of security sensitive ammonium nitrate, budgeting for profitable nitrogen use and best management practice for nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizers. The chapters on potassium; calcium, magnesium and sulfur; plant nutrients and the environment; and heavy metal in fertilizers and agriculture have all been extensively revised and rewritten.
This important work will be an essential text for fertilizer dealers, extension workers, consultants, teachers, farmers, horticulturists, graziers and others concerned with the profitable and environmentally safe use of plant nutrients.
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Robbins, Keith, ed. History of Oxford University Press: Volume IV. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199574797.001.0001.
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Volume Abstract: In 2004 as in 1970 the Oxford University Press occupied a leading position among national and international publishers. Despite this seeming constancy the Press underwent significant changes, prompted by technological, economic, educational, and political developments in Britain and elsewhere. Part I considers the Press as a whole, beginning by examining the response to the 1970 Waldock Report, the business history of the Press—its structure, leadership, and finances, and its relationship with the University of Oxford. Case studies explore in detail the removal of the London Business to Oxford, the relocation of distribution facilities to Corby, and the closure of the Printing House. Subsequent chapters trace broader developments including OUP’s approach to sales and marketing, changes in book design, the impact of technological change, and the Press’s relationship with its staff and with the built environment in Oxford and around the world. Part II looks at the Press through its publications. These seven chapters each consider a part of the OUP list: academic titles, textbooks, and monographs; trade titles, including children’s books; schoolbooks; dictionaries and reference titles; journals; music, hymnals, and bibles; and poetry. Part III assesses the global outreach of the Press, examining OUP’s English-language teaching division and detail the operations and publications of its international branches. The volume describes the evolution of OUP—sometimes gradual, sometimes controversial—into a more streamlined and financially minded organization that nevertheless remained dedicated to its scholarly mission to provide excellent academic and educational resources for readers of all ages, nationalities, and interests.
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Falk, Oren. Violence and Risk in Medieval Iceland. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198866046.001.0001.
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This interdisciplinary study of violence in medieval Iceland pursues three intertwined goals. First, it proposes a new cultural history model for understanding violence. The model has three axes: power, signification, and risk. Analysis in instrumental terms, as an attempt to coerce others, focuses on power. Analysis in symbolic terms, as an attempt to manipulate meanings, focuses on signification. Analysis in cognitive terms, as an attempt to exercise agency over imperfectly controlled circumstances, focuses on risk. The axis of risk is the model’s major innovation and is laid out in detail, using insights from prospect theory, edgework, and the calculus of jeopardy. It is shown that violence, which itself generates risks, at the same time also serves to control uncertainties. Second, the book tests this model on a series of case studies from the history of medieval Iceland. It examines how violence shapes present circumstances, future status, and past memories, and how it transforms uncertain reality into socially useful narrative, showing how Icelanders’ feud paradigm blocked the prospects of warfare and state formation, while their idiom of human violence domesticated the natural environment. Third, the book develops the concept of uchronia, the hegemonic ideology of the past, to explain how texts modulate history. Uchronia is a motivated cultural memory which vouches for historical authenticity (regardless of factual reliability), maintains textual autonomy from authorial intent, and secures a fit between present society and its own past. In medieval Iceland, as often elsewhere, violence played a key role in the making of uchronia
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Seo, Hyunjin. Networked Collective Actions. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780197538883.001.0001.
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Massive and sustained candlelight vigils in 2016–2017, the most significant citizen-led protests in the history of democratic South Korea, led to the impeachment and removal of then President Park Geun-hye. These protests took place in a South Korean media environment characterized by polarization and low public trust, and where conspiracy theories and false claims by those opposing impeachment were frequently amplified by extreme right-wing media outlets. How then was it possible for pro-impeachment protests seeking major social change to succeed? And why did pro-Park protesters and government efforts to defend Park ultimately fail? An agent-affordance framework is introduced to explain how key participants (agents), including journalists, citizens, social media influencers, bots, and civic organizations, together produced a broad citizen consensus that Park should be removed from office. This was accomplished by creatively employing affordances made available by South Korea’s history, legal system, and technologies. New empirical evidence illustrates the ongoing significant roles of both traditional and nontraditional agents as they continue to co-adapt to affordances provided by changing information environments. Interviews with key players yield firsthand descriptions of events. The interviews, original content analyses of media reports, and examination of social media posts combine to provide strong empirical support for the agent-affordance framework. Lessons drawn from citizen-led protests surrounding Park Geun-hye’s removal from office in South Korea are used to offer suggestions for how technology-enabled affordances may support and constrain movements for social change elsewhere in the world.
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Marine, Susan, and Ruth Lewis, eds. Collaborating for Change. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190071820.001.0001.
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In the midst of unprecedented attention to gender-based violence (GBV) globally, prompted in part by the #MeToo movement, this book provides a new analysis of how higher education cultures can be transformed. It offers reflections from faculty, staff, and students about how change has happened and could happen on their campuses in ways that go beyond implementation of programs and policies. Building on what is already known from decades of scholarship and practice in the United States, and more recent attention elsewhere, this book provides an interdisciplinary, international overview of attempts to transform higher education cultures to eradicate GBV. Change happens because people act, usually with others. At the heart of transformative efforts lie collaborations between faculty, staff, students, activists, and community organizations. The contributors to the book reflect on what makes for constructive, effective collaborations and how to avoid the common mistakes in working with others to end GBV. They consider what has worked to challenge the reluctance—or outright hostility—they have encountered in their work against GBV and how their collaborations have succeeded in transforming the ways GBV is considered and dealt with. The chapters focus on experiences in Canada, the United States, England, Scotland, France, and India to examine different approaches to tackling GBV in higher education. They reveal the cultural variations in which GBV occurs as well as the similarities across cultures. Together, they demonstrate that, to make higher education a safe environment for all, nothing short of a transformation is required.
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Brown, Katherine E. Gender, Religion, Extremism. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190075699.001.0001.
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This volume offers a feminist critique of counter- and deradicalization programs, including those under the umbrella of “preventing and countering violent extremism.” Based on insights from five countries and examples from elsewhere, the book shows how, collectively, efforts rely on particular narratives of agency, security, and human rights. Putting gender at the center of the analysis reveals significant limitations in antiradicalization work—in construction, operation, and evaluation. First, these programs fail to explore or engage with how masculinity and femininity inform the radicalization process. As a result, they cannot successfully understand the personal drivers or the sociopolitical environment of these programs. Second, within the operations of these programs male radicalization is clearly and unreflectively linked to an excessive but flawed masculinity, while ideas about women’s radicalization depend on orientalist stereotypes about passivity and subjugation. Solutions for male deradicalization therefore hinge on particular ideals of masculinity that few men can obtain, and deradicalizing women is seen as a rescue mission. Third, the impact of these programs derives from a racialized paternalist logic that justifies intervention in “ordinary lives” in the name of security, yet fails to deliver. There is a gendered differential in the impact of counter-radicalization measures. Although the rhetoric of countering terrorism is often couched in a narrative of “women’s rights” and “liberal values,” the book demonstrates that the consequences are often detrimental to these precepts. The book concludes by offering an alternative way of thinking about and implementing antiradicalization efforts, rooted in a feminist peace.
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Oakley, David P. Subordinating Intelligence. University Press of Kentucky, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.5810/kentucky/9780813176703.001.0001.
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Since September 11, 2001 (9/11), the US Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) and Department of Defense (DoD) have operated together in Afghanistan, Iraq, and elsewhere during counterterrorism operations. Although the global war on terrorism provided a common purpose, it was actions taken in the late 1980s and 1990s that set the foundation for their current relationship. Driven by the post–Cold War environment and lessons learned, policy makers made military support the Intelligence Community’s top priority. In response, the CIA and DoD instituted changes that altered their relationship. While congressional debates over the Intelligence Community’s future were occurring, the CIA and DoD were expanding their relationship during operations. By the late 1990s, some policy makers and national security professionals became concerned that intelligence support to military operations had gone too far, weakening long-term analysis. Despite concerns, no major changes to intelligence organization or priorities were implemented. These concerns were forgotten after 9/11, as the United States fought two wars and policy makers fixated on terrorism. The DoD/CIA operational relationship has led to successes, but the CIA’s counterterrorism and military support requirements place a significant burden on the organization. As the sole independent US intelligence organization, the CIA was conceived to separate intelligence collection from the institutions that develop and execute policy. Its increased focus on support to military operations weakens this separation, reduces its focus on strategic issues, and risks subordination to the DoD. The CIA and DoD are the ones affected by this evolving relationship, but policy makers’ preference for military force and the militarization of foreign policy has led both organizations down this path.
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Mitchell, Graham. How Giraffes Work. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780197571194.001.0001.
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There are few creatures more beautiful, more aloof, and more fascinating than giraffes. Once they were plentiful and filled African landscapes, but in 2016 they were re-classified from “least concern” to “vulnerable” by the International Union for Conservation of Nature. Their survival in the wild is not assured. Much has been written about their private lives, about their behavior, social biology, and ecology, and their history in art and diplomacy. But so far no book has been written about their private lives, their physiology, and their anatomy and biochemistry—in short, the normal functions of a free-living animal in its natural environment—and it is these aspects of their lives that are the focus of this book. The study of a single species could be concise and relatively simply told. In reality it is not. A species never evolves in isolation from the general biological milieu in which it finds itself. Tectonics, astronomical physics, climate, and purely biological factors affecting food and water resources all shape the path of their evolution and all interact with its morphology, its internal physiological and biochemical systems, and the behavior patterns that regulate its daily life. Giraffes are no exception, as is revealed as the story told here unfolds. How do giraffes work? The answers lie in a story filled not only with the internal workings of a unique creature, but with geography, climate changes of great magnitude, and the labors of extraordinary people who put many pieces of the puzzle together.
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Humphreys, John, and Alice E. Hall, eds. Harbour Ecology. Pelagic Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.53061/lgug2858.
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Poole Harbour is protected and recognised, both nationally and internationally, for its ecological importance. However, it has also been classified as polluted and ‘eutrophic’. These twin designations – protected yet polluted – exemplify the condition of many English estuaries, making Poole Harbour a useful case study for elucidating the circumstances behind this apparent paradox. The outcome of a conference entitled ‘Spotlight on Poole Harbour: Environment & Economics’ organised by the Poole Harbour Study Group, this book consists of four main parts. After a short preamble, Part I, ‘Background’, provides a broad introduction to the harbour in terms of its pre-historical and historical significance for human communities and a conceptual overview of its modern character and uses. Part II, ‘Ecology’, contains chapters on subjects ranging from plankton to mammals. Insofar as they also consider anthropogenic aspects of the ecology, these contributions anticipate the remaining sections of the book, which deal specifically with aspects of the ecological service industries supported by Poole Harbour. Part III, ‘Fisheries’, covers recreational and commercial fishing and aquaculture, examining economic value and key shellfish species. Part IV, ‘Water Quality’, addresses those industries for which the harbour’s chemical and biological processes remediate various effluents, as well as some of the environmental consequences and noteworthy efforts to reduce such impacts. Part V, ‘Conclusion’, by the editors looks at certain general shortcomings of environmental legislation and regulation in the case of Poole Harbour. A central concern throughout is the question of sustainable development in coastal estuarine and marine contexts, making this far-reaching study relevant well beyond the bounds of its primary geographical focus.
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Mignon, B., and M. Monod. Zoonotic infections with dermatophyte fungi. Oxford University Press, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198570028.003.0077.
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Dermatophytes are highly specialized pathogenic fungi which are the most common agents of superficial mycoses. These fungi grow exclusively in the stratum corneum, nails or hair utilising them as sole nitrogen and carbon sources. Dermatophyte species are recognized and classified as antropophilic, zoophilic, or geophilic, depending on their major reservoir in nature (humans, animals, and soil, respectively). Zoophilic dermatophytes may result in zoonoses when humans are exposed to these organisms and dermatophytosis is considered to be one of the most common zoonotic diseases. The majority of zoonotic dermatophytoses are caused by four species: Microsporum canis (usually derived from pet animals, particularly cats and dogs), Trichophyton verrucosum (usually derived from cattle), Arthroderma vanbreuseghemii (usually derived from cats and dogs) and Arthroderma benhamiae (usually derived from guinea-pigs). Infection results most often from direct contact with an infected animal, but may be also acquired indirectly through contact with a contaminated environment. While clinical disease is rarely serious, the lesions can result in disfigurement and pain. Diagnosis is based on history, clinical appearance and diagnostic procedures, e.g. direct microscopic examination of scales, hair or nail and fungal culture. Specific treatment is generally required to resolve lesions, and this may be prolonged depending on the fungal species and the host status. Identifying animals as the source of infection for people can help in the prevention of recurrence or new infections, especially in children, by adequately treating affected pets and their environments. Immunoprophylaxis is an attractive means of controlling infection in animals, and the development and widespread use of efficacious T. verrucosum vaccines in certain countries has already proved valuable in the management of cattle ringworm.
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Hook, Sharon, Graeme Batley, Michael Holloway, Paul Irving, and Andrew Ross, eds. Oil Spill Monitoring Handbook. CSIRO Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/9781486306350.
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Oil spills can be difficult to manage, with reporting frequently delayed. Too often, by the time responders arrive at the scene, the slick has moved, dissolved, dispersed or sunk. This Oil Spill Monitoring Handbook provides practical advice on what information is likely required following the accidental release of oil or other petroleum-based products into the marine environment.
The book focuses on response phase monitoring for maritime spills, otherwise known as Type I or operational monitoring. Response phase monitoring tries to address the questions – what? where? when? how? how much? – that assist responders to find, track, predict and clean up spills, and to assess their efforts. Oil spills often occur in remote, sensitive and logistically difficult locations, often in adverse weather, and the oil can change character and location over time. An effective response requires robust information provided by monitoring, observation, sampling and science.
The Oil Spill Monitoring Handbook completely updates the Australian Maritime Safety Authority’s 2003 edition of the same name, taking into account the latest scientific advances in physical, chemical and biological monitoring, many of which have evolved as a consequence of major oil spill disasters in the last decade. It includes sections on the chemical properties of oil, the toxicological impacts of oil exposure, and the impacts of oil exposure on different marine habitats with relevance to Australia and elsewhere. An overview is provided on how monitoring integrates with the oil spill response process, the response organisation, the use of decision-support tools such as net environmental benefit analysis, and some of the most commonly used response technologies. Throughout the text, examples are given of lessons learned from previous oil spill incidents and responses, both local and international.
General guidance of spill monitoring approaches and technologies is augmented with in-depth discussion on both response phase and post-response phase monitoring design and delivery. Finally, a set of appendices delivers detailed standard operating procedures for practical observation, sample and data collection.
The Oil Spill Monitoring Handbook is essential reading for scientists within the oil industry and environmental and government agencies; individuals with responder roles in industry and government; environmental and ecological monitoring agencies and consultants; and members of the maritime sector in Australia and abroad, including officers in ports, shipping and terminals.
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Kelly, Phil. Defending Classical Geopolitics. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acrefore/9780190228637.013.279.
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Three successive parts are presented within this article, all intended to raise the visibility and show the utility of classical geopolitics as a deserving and separate international-relations model: (a) a common traditional definition, (b) relevant theories that correspond to that definition, and (c) applications of certain theories that will delve at some depth into three case studies (the Ukrainian shatterbelt, contemporary Turkish geopolitics, and a North American heartland).The placement of states, regions, and resources, as affecting international relations and foreign policies, defines classical geopolitics. This definition emphasizes the application of spatially composed unbiased theories that should bring insight into foreign-affairs events and policies. Specifically, a “model” contains theories that correspond to its description. A “theory” is a simple sentence of probability, with “A” happening to likely affect “B.” Importantly, models are passive; they merely hold theories. In contrast, theories possess their own titles and perform actively when taken from such models.Various methodological challenges are presented: (a) combining concepts with theories, (b) estimating probability for testing theories, (c) claiming the “scientific,” (d) accounting for determinism, (e) revealing a dynamic environment for geopolitics, (f) separating realism from geopolitics, and (g) drawing classical geopolitics away from the critical. Certain theories that are placed within the geopolitical model are examined next: (a) heartlands and rimlands, (b) land and sea power, (c) choke points and maritime lines of communication, (d) offshore balancing, (e) the Monroe doctrine, (f) balances of power, (g) checkerboards, (h) shatterbelts, (i) pan-regions, (j) influence spheres, (k) dependency, (l) buffer states, (m) organic borders, (n) imperial thesis, (o) borders/wars, (p) contagion, (q) irredentism, (r) demography, (s) fluvial laws, (t) petro-politics, and (u) catastrophic events in nature. Additional theories apply elsewhere in the article as well.Of the three case studies, the Ukrainian shatterbelt represents the sole contemporary geopolitical configuration of this type, a regional conflict coupling with a strategic rivalry. Here, partisans of the civil war between the eastern and the western sectors of the country have joined with the Russians against the Europeans and Americans, respectively. Next, Turkey’s pivotal location has afforded it both advantages and disadvantages, a topic discussed at some length earlier in the article. Its “zero-problems” strategy of seeking positive relations with neighbors has now been forced to change tactics, reflective of new forces within and beyond the country. Finally, a North American heartland compares nicely to Halford Mackinder’s earlier Eurasia heartland thesis, with the American perhaps proving more stable, wealthy, and enduring, based in large part on its stronger geopolitical features.