Journal articles: 'Environment-friendly policy'

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Handayani, Tri, Lastuti Abubakar, and C. Sukmadilaga. "GREEN LOAN BANKS POLICY TO PROVIDE ENVIRONMENT FRIENDLY PROJECT." Diponegoro Law Review 5, no. 2 (October 30, 2020): 215–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/dilrev.5.2.2020.215-230.

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Banks have an important role in realizing SDGs, therefore the Bank must continue to develop its products and services to be directed towards sustainable economic activities and not too exploring resources. Based on The Appendix of the President Decree No. 59/2017 the Indonesian government directed the global target of economies inclusive regarding the participation of the financial services sector. The Banks will support the priority economic sectors development such as agriculture, processing industries, and infrastructure, Micro, Small, Medium Enterprises and Energy. Banks can participate by using a green loan policy. This research is a normative legal research, which focuses on examining the application of the rules or norms in positive law. The result is the Banks play a key role in society, banks have purpose to help develop sustainable economies and to empower people to build better futures. When banks will give a credit to those who have a business that has a direct impact to the environment, bank also can be offer a position as a manager of environmental recovery guarantee funds. In other side, Banks can provide green development, in a process of giving credit to the debtor; banks need to pay attention to the business legality of prospective debtors. Banks are required to ensure that prospective customers have a legal business and comply with all relevant laws and regulations.

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Sohn, Chan-Joon. "Promoting Environment-friendly Agriculture and Fisheries in Korea." Korean Journal of Policy Studies 10 (December 31, 1995): 233–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.52372/kjps10012.

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Agriculture has made a great contribution to solving food shortage in Korea. In recent years, however, the agriculture and fisheries is threatened by the increasing pollution. The examples are pollution by overused chemicals and pesticides, pollution from livestock manure, pollution in the intensive fishing farm. In this regard, food quality including food safety is a great concern to domestic consumers. Also, raising quality rather than lowering prices of the products is better strategy for Korean agriculture and fisheries facing globally open economy. Environment-friendly agriculture and fisheries(EFAF) is an alternative way to heighten the quality of the products, and hence to have competitiveness in the world market. In addition, agriculture has non-market benefits, i.e., environment conservation. Soil conservation, water resource development, flood control and air refreshment are good examples. The underlying issue is how to maximize the positive effects, minimizing the negative effects. As alternative ways to current production technologies, some suggestions are made. Organic farming/natural farming, reuse of animal manure, and hydroponic farming are some types of EFAF emerging in Korea. Policy change should be made and government support is needed to promote EFAF. Related institution and investment programs for EFAF should be carefully designed and carried out.

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Boehmer-Christiansen, S. A., D. Merten, J. Meissner, and D. Ufer. "Ecological restructuring or environment friendly deindustrialization." Energy Policy 21, no. 4 (April 1993): 355–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0301-4215(93)90276-l.

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Seo, Hwan-Seok, and Jae-Hyun Hwang. "Analyzing Policy Priorities for Environment-Friendly Agriculture using AHP and IPA." Korean Journal of Agricultural Management and Policy 46, no. 3 (September 30, 2019): 444–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.30805/kjamp.2019.46.3.444.

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김민규, 손정훈, and 장예빛. "The Policy implications on dementia care village as dementia-friendly environment." Korean Journal of Gerontological Social Welfare 73, no. 1 (March 2018): 315–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.21194/kjgsw.73.1.201803.315.

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Mwase, Ngila. "Developing an environment‐friendly transport system in Tanzania: some policy considerations." Transport Reviews 16, no. 2 (April 1996): 145–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01441649608716942.

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Khan, Muhammad Azeem, M. Iqbal, and Iftikhar Ahmad. "Environment-Friendly Cotton Production through Implementing Integrated Pest Management Approach." Pakistan Development Review 46, no. 4II (December 1, 2007): 1119–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.30541/v46i4iipp.1119-1135.

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Tremendous increases in pesticide use in cotton growing areas have severely affected the health of peoples and degraded environment [Poswal and Williamson (1998); Ahmad and Poswal (2000); Orphal 2001 and Khan (2000)]. Farmer Field School (FFS) based IPM implemented in the world to reduce dependence on pesticides and promote environmentally safe plant protection practices. An FFS-led Integrated Pest Management (IMP) model implemented in Pakistan during 1996—popularly known as “Vehari Model”, clearly demonstrated that IPM could be implemented on a large scale at the farm level. UNDP-FAO Policy Reform Project provided required policy level support to scale up the Farmer-led IPM in the country. Implementation of pesticide policy project in Pakistan highlighted that pesticide consumption increased from 665 metric tons in 1980 to 78,132 metric tons in 2003-4. The role of private sector in promoting the production and use of pesticides was found tremendously high. The private sector also took full advantage of government’s pesticide import liberalisation policies. One of the key components of dramatic increase in pesticide use in Pakistan is related to very soft import and registration at that time, which allowed the generic compounds registered elsewhere, to be imported without fieldtesting.

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Kadmayer, Yustin Olivia. "The Danish-Friendly Environment And Human Rights Business: A Human Rights-Based Perspective On Economic Development And Business Activities Address The Problem Of Climate Change." Kybernology : Journal of Government Studies 2, no. 2 (October 31, 2022): 96–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.26618/kjgs.v2i2.9580.

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This paper aims to find address the problem of climate change through the Danish-friendly environment and human rights business. The biggest causes for climate change derive from aggressive business and human being activities. The impacts of climate change are direct and indirect linked to human rights. Denmark is categorized as the most friendly environment country in 2022. This achievement is a reward for Denmark which has had a development climate policy since the 70s through the green energy transition. Denmark developed its climate policy into business. The business is a friendly-environment and human rights. The development theory is implemented in this paper to answer the development of the Danish climate policy.

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Zhang, Yuming, Chao Xing, and David Tripe. "Redistribution of China’s Green Credit Policy among Environment-Friendly Manufacturing Firms of Various Sizes: Do Banks Value Small and Medium-Sized Enterprises?" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 1 (December 23, 2020): 33. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18010033.

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According to previous studies, China’s green credit policy, which was launched in 2012, increases environment-friendly manufacturing enterprises’ loan amounts. In this paper, we focus on a redistribution mechanism among environment-friendly manufacturing firms, namely, we determine whether the effects of the green credit policy differ between small and medium-sized environment-friendly manufacturing enterprises (SMEMEs) and large environment-friendly manufacturing enterprises (LEMEs). Using a difference in difference model (DID) and a difference in difference in difference model (DDD), we find that SMEMEs obtain more loans than LEMEs due to the green credit policy. We further analyze three potential foundations of this redistribution mechanism: information asymmetry, financial development, and government environmental investment. The results demonstrate that the redistribution effect occurs in both low and high information asymmetry conditions but only in regions with satisfactory financial development and with lower government environmental investment. Our findings enrich the literature on green credit, sustainable finance, and small finance, and they provide references for enterprises, banks, and governments.

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Dutt, Gautam S. "Energy-efficient and environment-friendly refrigerators." Energy for Sustainable Development 1, no. 5 (January 1995): 57–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0973-0826(08)60089-7.

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Dimény, Imre. "Technical Development and Agricultural Policy." Acta Agraria Debreceniensis, no. 9 (December 10, 2002): 136–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.34101/actaagrar/9/3574.

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Summarising a study work taken several decades four highly important fields are discussed in this essay:- theoretical and practical methods of technical development,- some special character of the technical development-friendly economic environment,- specialities of the present situation,- preliminary hopes for the future.

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Jeong, Eunmee. "The Development and Meaning of the Environment-friendly Agricultural Policy in Korea." Journal of Rural Problems 41, no. 2 (2005): 272–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.7310/arfe1965.41.272.

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Heo, Seung-Wook. "Analysis of the Policy Efficiency of the Environment-Friendly Farming Zone Program." Korean Journal of Organic Agricultue 22, no. 4 (December 30, 2014): 581–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.11625/kjoa.2014.22.4.581.

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Chen, Guang, Yue Deng, Apurbo Sarkar, and Zhengbing Wang. "An Integrated Assessment of Different Types of Environment-Friendly Technological Progress and Their Spatial Spillover Effects in the Chinese Agriculture Sector." Agriculture 12, no. 7 (July 18, 2022): 1043. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agriculture12071043.

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The progress of environment-friendly technology is an important means and fundamental way to achieve high-quality agricultural development. Based on the panel data of 30 provinces of China from 2000 to 2010, the study used the slack-based models (SBM) to measure the progress of China’s environment-based technology and its different types and discusses its dynamic evolution characteristics over time. First, the study adopted MATLAB software and used a slack-based models (SBM) method to split the environment-friendly technology progress (AGTP) into agricultural emission-reduction environment-friendly technology progress (AEGTP) and the agricultural re-source-saving environment-friendly technology progress (ARGTP). Then, global and local spatial autocorrelation analysis, spatial model testing, and Spatial Durbin Model (SDM) were performed on different types of environment-friendly technology progress using STATA15. Moreover, OpenGeoDa and ArcGIS software was used for visualization. The empirical results showed that: (i) from the perspective of time and space, the AGTP showed a slightly higher level in technological regression trend from 2000 to 2012, and rebounded rapidly from 2012 to 2019. In the spatial dimension, the spatial autocorrelation test results of environment-friendly technology progress at the global Moran I level showed a significant positive correlation; however, the phenomenon of the regional level showed a negative correlation. (ii) From the perspective of the type of heterogeneity, only the spatial distribution has a high degree of chance, and the aggregation area is more concentrated. Various influencing factors have a very significant impact on ACGTP but are less significant on agricultural resource-saving environment-friendly technology progress. However, various influencing factors have a more significant impact on the ACGTP than AEGTP. (iii) From the perspective of the spatial spillover effect, labor level, per capita agricultural gross product, and agricultural internal structure are positively and significantly related to environment-friendly technology progress and its different types. Agricultural price policy, financial support policy, economic environmental regulation, and administrative environmental regulation have significant negative effects on the progress of environment-friendly technology and its different types.

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Nurlila, Ratna Umi, and Jumarddin La Fua. "Implementation of School Policy in Maintaining Environmental Care in Indonesia." Al-TA'DIB: Jurnal Kajian Ilmu Kependidikan 15, no. 2 (December 17, 2022): 126. http://dx.doi.org/10.31332/atdbwv15i2.5227.

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This qualitative research aims to educate and provide information to the public about the role of educational institutions in environmental care. This can be achieved by influencing people’s behavior to engage in environmental management through education in the school environment. Schools can implement programs or rules that teach students about environmental management and ensure that each student carries out and obeys the rules positively and responsibly. This research was conducted in SMAN 4 Kendari, Southeast Sulawesi, Indonesia. This school is one of the schools with an environmental vision that has been established based on government decisions. Data collection is done through observation, interviews, and documentation. The results of the study indicate that school policy in maintaining the ethical values of environmental care is done through strengthening school rules to ensure that each student is involved in managing the school environment, managing school facilities and services oriented towards environmental management, and strengthening and assisting students’ extracurricular programs in environmental management. With the approach undertaken by the school, it is expected to realize a healthy and comfortable environment and become a model in creating an eco-friendly environment school. Keywords: Character; education; environment; management; eco-friendly

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Eastham, Amy Jayne, and Diane Cox. "Dementia-friendly wards." International Journal of Health Governance 22, no. 1 (March 6, 2017): 25–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijhg-05-2016-0027.

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Purpose The purpose of this paper, practice-based mixed methods small-scale study, is to explore the design features of a “dementia friendly” acute ward environment and, staff views on the implications of daily activity engagement for patients with dementia. Design/methodology/approach Eight staff members of the multidisciplinary team who work full time on an acute “dementia friendly” ward completed semi-structured questionnaires. Thematic analysis explored responses to the open-ended questions, and a further environmental assessment tool rated features of the “dementia friendly” ward design, on promoting aspects of well-being in patients with dementia. Findings Six overarching themes were found. These included: contrasting ward colours; clear ward signage; positive staff interaction; memorabilia, and activity rooms and items, had a positive influence on patient interaction, well-being and engagement in daily activities. The audit scores were rated highly for various aspects of the ward design. These included: the ward design promoting patient interaction, well-being, mobility, orientation, continence, eating and drinking and calm and security. Research limitations/implications This practice-based small-scale study highlights the importance that a “dementia friendly” ward environment may have on patient engagement and well-being, from a daily activity perspective. Further research into the key aspects of design that enable meaningful daily activity engagement is required. Practical implications This study supports staff perceived views of the positive influence that “dementia friendly” design may have for patients with dementia. Both the physical design modifications of the ward and staff interaction were highlighted as positively influencing patient well-being, and daily activity engagement. Staff members also felt that they needed to balance the clinical ward priorities, with the contextual requirements of patients with dementia, to establish an effective “dementia friendly” ward. Originality/value The value of this research is the combined consideration of an environmental assessment tool and qualitative interviews with members of the multidisciplinary team.

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Mohanraj, M., S. Jayaraj, and C. Muraleedharan. "Environment friendly alternatives to halogenated refrigerants—A review." International Journal of Greenhouse Gas Control 3, no. 1 (January 2009): 108–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijggc.2008.07.003.

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Mahendra, Zulfan Fakhri, and Surwandono Surwandono. "The Strategy of Taiwan Government to Build Muslim Friendly Environment." Politea 4, no. 2 (December 14, 2021): 208. http://dx.doi.org/10.21043/politea.v4i2.12467.

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<p class="06IsiAbstrak">Taiwan as a country which is nicknamed the country of Formosa or beauty has the potential to increase its capacity in tourism. Seeing the projection of the number of Muslims that has continued to increase. Taiwan developed its new south bound policy to attract Muslim people to travel and apply in Taiwan. Muslim Friendly Environment is a new breakthrough from Halal Tourism that many Muslim minority countries have conveyed. Through the Global Muslim Travel Index, Taiwan is in position 3 in the world as a Muslim Friendly region. Taiwanese strategies in their public diplomacy efforts in coordination with non-government actors such as the Muslim community. starting to continue to develop development to manage halal information that is able to bind more and more Muslims.</p>

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Chu, Yongqiang, and Huan Zhang. "Do Age-Friendly Community Policy Efforts Matter in China? An Analysis Based on Five-Year Developmental Plan for Population Aging." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 20 (October 19, 2022): 13551. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph192013551.

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(1) Background: The study will examine whether local governments’ policy efforts on age-friendly communities (AFC) promote older adults’ social participation in China. The extensive scope of AFC makes measuring policy efforts very challenging. The study attempts to introduce the developmental planning and goal-setting theory in public policy literature to answer this question. (2) Methods: We look at the Eleventh Five-Year Developmental Plan for Population Aging in subnational governments and CHARLS (the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study) baseline dataset from 2011, with data on policy strength and social participation of older adults. By using multilevel linear models, we regress social participation at the individual level on the policy strength of age-friendly communities at the provincial level. (3) Results: The results show that policy strength on AFC does vary substantially among provinces within China. And the interaction between policy strength of physical environment of local governments and community infrastructures is positively associated with social participation of rural older adults in China. (4) Conclusions: We conclude that policy efforts of local governments on the physical environment of age-friendly communities have effectively promoted the social participation of rural older adults in China. Policy makers could integrate physical infrastructures into their rural revitalization strategy to improve the wellbeing of Chinese older adults.

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Lu, Keyu, Yucheng Zhu, Zhaoling Li, Rajeev Kumar Singh, and Noriko Nozaki. "Dynamic Simulation Assessment of Environment Friendly Vehicles Introduction and Clean Energy Promotion Policy in China." Journal of Sustainable Development 9, no. 5 (September 27, 2016): 83. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/jsd.v9n5p83.

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A unique GHG emission decline target was released by the Chinese government to facilitate the decrease in GHG emission per unit of GDP in China. In other words, an increase in GHG is permitted under a GDP reflecting a better quality environment quality. Therefore, technology promotion and policy evolution are necessary to realize this within a limited period. This research considered a GHG emission tax and subsidy policy to achieve environmental targets via environment friendly vehicle introduction and clean energy promotion. An optimization simulation model based on extended input-output model was explored to compare with four policy scenarios. The simulation result shows that hybrid vehicle and electric vehicle introduction are powerless to meet environment targets unless more attention is paid to solar power and wind power along with thermal power. This research proposed an optimal GHG emission tax rate and subsidy rate for policy makers in China to reach their environment goal.

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Gao, Xiufang, Shuang Kang, Rongwei Xiong, and Ming Chen. "Environment-Friendly Removal Methods for Endocrine Disrupting Chemicals." Sustainability 12, no. 18 (September 16, 2020): 7615. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12187615.

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In the past few decades, many emerging pollutants have been detected and monitored in different water sources because of their universal consumption and improper disposal. Among these, endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs), a group of organic chemicals, have received global attention due to their estrogen effect, toxicity, persistence and bioaccumulation. For the removal of EDCs, conventional wastewater treatment methods include flocculation, precipitation, adsorption, etc. However, there are some limitations on these common methods. Herein, in order to enhance the public’s understanding of environmental EDCs, the definition of EDCs and the characteristics of several typical EDCs (physical and chemical properties, sources, usage, concentrations in the environment) are reviewed and summarized in this paper. In particular, the methods of EDC removal are reviewed, including the traditional methods of EDC removal, photocatalysis, biodegradation of EDCs and the latest research results of EDC removal. It is proposed that photocatalysis and biodegradation could be used as an environmentally friendly and efficient EDC removal technology. Photocatalytic technology could be one of the water treatment methods with the most potential, with great development prospects due to its high catalytic efficiency and low energy consumption. Biodegradation is expected to replace traditional water treatment methods and is also considered to be a highly promising method for efficient removal of EDCs. Besides, we summarize several photocatalysts with high catalytic activity and some fungi, bacteria and algae with strong biodegradability.

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Ambarsari, Luthfiana, and Harun Harun. "SEKOLAH RAMAH ANAK BERBASIS HAK ANAK DI SEKOLAH DASAR." Profesi Pendidikan Dasar 1, no. 1 (July 31, 2018): 10. http://dx.doi.org/10.23917/ppd.v1i1.6111.

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Abstrak: This research aimed to describe the child-friendly school policy in two child-friendly pilot primary schools. This research concern: “How does the implementation of child-friendly school policy based child rights at primary school?” The method that used in this research was a qualitative type of phenomenology. The data were collected by observation method, interview, and documentation. The data analysis technique that used was phenomenology research data analysis of Burke Johnson and Larry Christensen. The results showed that there were 3 discoveries related to child-friendly school policies in primary schools. First, the child-friendly school policies were designed and implemented to ensure children's rights were fulfilled. Second, the child-friendly school policies were implemented in learning area, the school social environments, the school’s physical environment, and infrastructure facilities. Third, the child-friendly school policies were applied to create condition conducive and fun in school.

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Lalchandani, Neha K., Shona Crabb, Caroline Miller, and Clare Hume. "Content analysis of school websites: policies and programs to support healthy eating and the environment." Health Education Research 37, no. 1 (December 15, 2021): 48–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/her/cyab040.

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Abstract Preschools and primary schools are important settings for the development of healthy eating habits and awareness of environmentally friendly practices. This study explored South Australian government schools’ policies and programs in relation to healthy eating and environmentally friendly aspects of food choice (such as packaging), and whether any schools approached these issues in combination. Websites of 18 government preschools and primary schools in the Greater Adelaide region, stratified by low, medium and high socioeconomic status were reviewed for publicly available policies and other relevant content. A content analysis was undertaken, with policies and programs analysed deductively and thematically. Healthy eating (n = 8) and environment (n = 3) related policies were found on preschool websites only. The main themes observed across the three categories of interest (healthy eating, environmentally friendly practices and low-waste healthy foods) included the presence/absence of formal policy, promotional strategies and implementation. Expectations of children bringing healthy ‘nude’ foods that were environmentally friendly were mentioned informally on the websites but were not part of policy documents. Policies and programs around healthy eating and environmentally friendly practices (in combination) were lacking. There is scope to address this gap to improve health and sustainable outcomes within the school environment context.

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Sun, Zhenglin, and Jinyue Zhang. "Impact of Resource-Saving and Environment-Friendly Society Construction on Sustainability." Sustainability 14, no. 18 (September 6, 2022): 11139. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su141811139.

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Promoting coordinated and environmentally sustainable development of the Chinese economy is one of the primary tasks at the moment, as well as one of the sustainable development goals of the United Nations. The Resource-saving and Environment-friendly Society (RES) has created a pilot promotion policy aimed at China, with the goal of supporting the sustainable development of economic production activities while preserving natural ecosystems. In this investigation, we used the global Malmquist–Luenberger index with a slack-based measure of the directional distance function to calculate the industrial green total factor productivity (IGTFP) of 105 prefecture-level cities along the Yangtze River from 2004 to 2019; IGTFP was used as a proxy for sustainable development. Then, by considering the RES construction as a quasi-natural experiment, we used propensity score matching difference-in-differences (PSM-DID) to determine the effect of RES construction on sustainable development of the Yangtze River economic belt. We also employed the mediating effect model and triple difference (DDD) model to further analyze the mechanisms underlying the heterogeneous impacts of different urban characteristics. The results revealed three key findings. (1) According to the IGTFP calculation results, RES construction can effectively promote green technological progress while inhibiting green technological efficiency. (2) After carrying out a series of robustness tests, we found that RES construction increased the IGTFP of pilot cities by 4%, indicating that RES construction can significantly promote the sustainable development of pilot cities along the Yangtze River. (3) The results of the mechanism analysis showed that RES construction had a significantly positive impact on sustainable development through technological innovation, human capital, energy conservation, and emission control. In terms of different urban characteristics, the RES construction promoted sustainable development in first-tier cities, second-tier cities, and resource-based cities. We summarized the practical experience of the RES construction as a typical pilot promotion policy. It provides an empirical basis for planning the construction of eco-friendly urban areas in the 21st century and responding to the international community’s sustainable development goals from a Chinese perspective.

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Sunarti, Sunarti. "MENGENAL DAN MENGEMBANGKAN SEKOLAH RAMAH ANA." Al-Misbah (Jurnal Islamic Studies) 5, no. 2 (October 17, 2019): 201–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.26555/almisbah.v5i2.175.

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Child-friendly schools are the schools coveted by every parent and government. The child-friendly school policy begins with the desire of the community to allow schools to fully grant children's rights in their schools. Child-friendly schools can be implemented in everyday life if they receive the attention and support of all parties. A child-friendly school can become a reality if supported by at least three aspects, including: appropriate school programs; a supportive school environment; and aspects of adequate facilities

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Mahmud, Amir, and Suandi Suandi. "IMPLEMENTASI KEBIJAKAN PENGEMBANGAN KABUPATEN/KOTA LAYAK ANAK (KLA) DI KOTA PALEMBANG." Journal PPS UNISTI 2, no. 2 (March 17, 2020): 36–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.48093/jiask.v2i2.23.

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Implementation of Child Friendly Cities Development Policy is one way to create an environment that can guarantee fulfillment of children's rights carried out by the government together with the community and the business world. In Indonesia, cases of violations of children's rights are increasingly prevalent, especially cases of violence against children. The purpose of this research is to determine Implementation of Child Friendly Cities Development Policy in Palembang City. This research use methode is qualitative methode. This research used policy implementation theory by Van Metter and Van Horn in Agustino (2008). Data collection techniques which used are interview, observation and documentation. Data analysis which used is data reduction, display data, and conclusion. The triangulation technique used to check the validity of the data in this research is the source and method triangulation. The result shows that the implementation of Child Friendly Cities Development Policy in Palembang is generally good, seen from the achievement of the objectives policy with the fulfillment of the majority of children's rights under the Convention on the Rights of the Child (KHA), although there are some things still need to be improved, namely the characteristics of implementing agencies, inter-organizational communication and implementing activities, as well as the economic, social and political environment.

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Shi Ying, Lein, Lai Ming Ming, and Lau Siok Hwa. "Modelling age-friendly environment for social connectedness: a cross-sectional study." F1000Research 10 (September 22, 2021): 955. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.73032.1.

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Background: The increase in aged populations in Malaysia has brought unprecedented challenges to families, policy makers, scholars, and business organisations. This paper adapted the WHO 2007 framework of features of age-friendly cities to examine age-friendly environment constructs and their linkages with social connectedness from the perspective of Malaysian middle-aged and older adults caring for themselves. Methods: A face-to-face cross-sectional survey was conducted on 402 middle-aged and older adults caring for themselves across selected states in west Malaysia, selected via purposive sampling. Firstly, features of age-friendly cities were explored through exploratory factor analysis involving 82 respondents. Subsequently, structural equation modelling was performed, involving 320 respondents. Results: The results indicated that the constructs of an age-friendly environment were built environment, community support and health services, civic participation, and employment as well as communication and information. The structural model provided evidence that implementing age-friendly initiatives relating to built environment, community support and health services, civic participation and employment as well as communication and information enables the ageing population to improve their connectedness with society. These findings supported the ecological theories, agreeing that age-friendly environments help middle-aged and older adults caring for themselves to increase their adaptability and reduce perceived pressure from the environment. This result was in line with the current literature in which an age-friendly environment is a form of support and an enabling environment to cultivate positive social relationships and connectivity. Conclusions: Creating an age-friendly environment that supports active and healthy living for middle-aged and older adults caring for themselves allows them to continue to share their experiences, knowledge, and wisdom. This is helpful and beneficial for societal well-being and economic development as well as for the future generations.

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Thomopoulos, Rallou, Bernard Moulin, and Laurent Bedoussac. "Supporting Decision for Environment-Friendly Practices in the Agri-Food Sector." International Journal of Agricultural and Environmental Information Systems 9, no. 3 (July 2018): 1–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijaeis.2018070101.

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High-level decision-making, such as policy making, needs to take into account the often-conflicting interests of different stakeholders with the goal of finding solutions to provide trade-offs and build consensus towards the adoption of so-called win-win solutions. In this article, the authors suggest that using a modeling and simulation approach would greatly enrich the deliberation process. The authors propose a systematic method to assess possible options, based on the complementarity of argumentation modeling and system dynamics (SD) simulation, in conjunction with field experimentation. As a practical application, the authors assess various options available to agri-food chain stakeholders when considering the adoption of cereal-legume intercrops as an alternative to sole crops. Taking advantage of the argument analysis, SD simulations are used to: 1) compare different cultural strategies available to farmers in current operating, market and regulatory conditions; 2) propose plausible what-if scenarios anticipating technological progress, and exploring the impact of adopting potential incentives and dissuasive regulatory measures.

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Sunarti, Lusiana Sri, Isjoni Isjoni, and Zulkarnaini Zulkarnaini. "Pengaruh Implementasi Program Adiwiyata Terhadap Perilaku Warga Sekolah Pada SekolahAdiwiyata Mandiri Di Kota Pekanbaru." Dinamika Lingkungan Indonesia 4, no. 2 (July 24, 2017): 139. http://dx.doi.org/10.31258/dli.4.2.p.139-146.

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This research was conducted from February to April 2017 and took place in SMAN 1 and SMAN 8 Kota Pekanbaru to analyzing the influence simultaneously and partially, directly and indirectly between environmentally sound policy variables, environment based curriculum, participatory environment based activities and management of environmentally friendly support facilities On the behavior of school residents, the influence of school residents' behavior on environmental awareness, the availability of oxygen for school residents by conducting observations, surveys, interviews and documentation. Based on the results of the study, simultaneously affect 36.5%. Partially there is no influence between environmentally sound policy, and environment-based curriculum on the behavior of school citizens. Meanwhile, participatory environment based activities and management of environmentally friendly supporting facilities have a significant, direct and indirect effect on the behavior of school residents. The behavior of school residents has no significant effect on environmental awareness. The availability of oxygen based on the number of trees has been met for all school residents.

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Black, Kathy. "PROMOTING AGING IN PLACE VIA RESEARCH, POLICY, AND PRACTICE IN AGE-FRIENDLY COMMUNITIES." Innovation in Aging 3, Supplement_1 (November 2019): S26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igz038.098.

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Abstract The majority of Americans overwhelmingly prefer to age in place and in the communities in which they reside. Age-friendly communities support aging in place by focusing attention on features both inside and outside of the home. The global age-friendly community model provides a framework that requires assessing community-based older adults’ needs and preferences about, and developing subsequent action towards, features of the social, service and built environment including housing and transportation which are considered essential to aging successfully at home. This presentation discusses the intersect between research, policy and practice in an age-friendly community which utilized micro-level findings from older adults (n = 1, 172) to enact macro-level collaborations across local and statewide government and professional groups to facilitate aging in place across the domains of housing and transportation.

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Li, Hao, Huina Liu, Wei-Yew Chang, and Chun Wang. "Factors Affecting Farmers’ Environment-Friendly Fertilization Behavior in China: Synthesizing the Evidence Using Meta-Analysis." Agriculture 13, no. 1 (January 6, 2023): 150. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agriculture13010150.

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Excess fertilization is a major cause of agricultural environmental pollution. However, different studies attribute farmers’ fertilization behavior to different factors, hindering theoretical and empirical development. Using a meta-analysis of 64 empirical studies on Chinese farmers’ fertilization behavior, this study first systematically collects, combines, and analyzes the existing studies to identify the key influencing factors that may affect farmers’ environment-friendly fertilization behavior (FEFB) in China. A meta-regression analysis is further applied to explore how the effects of the factors identified have changed over time. The results showed that the key factors include gender, health status, risk attitude, family size, farm size, environmental concern, social norms, cadre status, and policy propaganda. Over time, the influence of family size, environmental concern, cadre status, and policy propaganda is stable; the influence of social norms gradually strengthens; and the influence of risk attitude weakens. Although household income and the proportion of agricultural income have no significant effect, their influence gradually increases and changes positively and significantly over time; hence, they may become important factors in the future. Our results provide important policy implications for policymakers and agricultural managers to develop appropriate strategies to reduce the usage of chemical fertilizers in China.

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Gojkovic-Bukvic, Natasa, and Nenad Bukvic. "Wider Action Plan and Multidisciplinar Approach Could Be a Wining Idea in Creation of Friendly Environment." Journal of Environmental and Public Health 2012 (2012): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/473427.

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Herein, we proposed planning of wide transdisciplinary actions, which bring a solution for economic activity such as transportation, strongly related to pollution output with possible repercussions on climate change and public health. To solve logistics problem by introduction of common intermodal policy, and creation of more friendly transport solution, it is possible to obtain sustainable development, climate change prevention, government policy, and regulation which are all related to human health and creation of health-supportive environment. This approach permits environmental and biological monitoring same as economic results measurement by key performance indicators. This approach implementing emerging scientific knowledge in environmental health science such as genetic epidemiology aimed at understanding how genomic variation impacts phenotypic expression and how genes interact with the environment at the population level with subsequent translation into practical information for clinicians as well as for public health policy creation.

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Chaw, Jung Eon, and Tae-Won Park. "Urban Policy Criteria for Environment Friendly Eco-City Focused on Jeju Special Self-Governing Province." Korean Association of Urban Policies 9, no. 3 (December 31, 2018): 183–206. http://dx.doi.org/10.21447/jup.2018.9.3.183.

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Cheyney, Melissa, Margaret Henning, Holly Horan, Marit L. Bovbjerg, and Maryanne Ferguson. "From Policy to Practice: Women's Experiences of Breastfeeding-Friendly Worksites, Part 2." Clinical Lactation 10, no. 3 (August 1, 2019): 113–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1891/2158-0782.10.3.113.

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IntroductionMaintaining lactation after returning to work is imperative for overall breastfeeding success, yet mothers who return to full-time employment outside the home are unlikely to meet their breastfeeding goals. Breastfeeding-friendly worksites are one potential solution.MethodUsing semi-structured interviews with employees in one rural New England town (N = 18), we aimed to better understand the barriers and supports to continued lactation at “breastfeeding-friendly” worksites.ResultsFive key themes emerged from participants' narratives; two built environment-focused themes are discussed here.DiscussionFindings expose the disproportionate burden placed on women when care- and wage-work are combined, even in worksites at least theoretically committed to supporting lactation following a return to work.

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Hernández-Cordero, Sonia, Mireya Vilar-Compte, Kathrin Litwan, Vania Lara-Mejía, Natalia Rovelo-Velázquez, Mónica Ancira-Moreno, Matthias Sachse-Aguilera, and Fernanda Cobo-Armijo. "Implementation of Breastfeeding Policies at Workplace in Mexico: Analysis of Context Using a Realist Approach." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 4 (February 17, 2022): 2315. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19042315.

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Return to work is one of the most significant barriers to breastfeeding (BF). Family-friendly policies are critical to ensure that BF and maternal work are not mutually exclusive. This study aims to determine contextual factors and underlying mechanisms influencing the implementation of workplace policies in Mexico. Following a qualitative approach, the study was conducted in the following four cities in Mexico: Mérida, Chihuahua, Guadalajara, and Monterrey. Interviews were conducted in 14 workplaces, and included 49 (potential) beneficiaries, 41 male employees, and 21 managers and human resources personnel. The information collected was analyzed through a deductive thematic analysis and mapped against the Context-Mechanism-Outcome framework of Breastfeeding Interventions at the Workplace. Contextual factors influencing a BF-friendly environment in the workplace were as follows: work-schedule flexibility, provision of lactation services (i.e., BF counseling) other than a lactation room, women’s previous experience with BF and family-friendly environments in the workplace. The underlying mechanisms enabling/impeding a BF-friendly environment at the workplace were as follows: awareness of Mexican maternity protection legislation, usage of BF interventions in the workplace, culture, supervisor/co-worker support and BF-friendly physical space. To achieve a BF-friendly environment in the workplace, actions at the level of public policy and workplaces must accompany adherence to Mexican legislation.

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Mekhum, Witthaya, Nutsinee Songchan, and Sunisa Pensap. "Public Policy of Green Practices by Restaurants and Hotels: Case of Ecotourism in Ranong Province, Thailand." Research in World Economy 11, no. 6 (October 8, 2020): 119. http://dx.doi.org/10.5430/rwe.v11n6p119.

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The objective of this study is to highlight the public policy of green practices for hotels and restaurants in Ranong city of Thailand. Along with the public policy of green practices, this study also discussed the green product promotion and green innovation. A questionnaire was used for data collection. Total 420 valid responses were used for data analysis. Results of the study shows the public policy green practices such as environment friendly products, adjustable temperature control in restaurants and hotels, electrical vehicle charging stations and waste management has positive effect on environmental safety. These practices increase the environmental safety in Ranong city of Thailand. Moreover, environment friendly products, adjustable temperature control in restaurants and hotels, electrical vehicle charging stations and waste management has positive role to enhance green product promotion and green innovation. Increase in the green practices increases the green product promotion and green innovation. Finally, green product promotion and green innovation shows positive influence to enhance environmental safety.

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Mekhum, Witthaya, Nutsinee Songchan, and Sunisa Pensap. "Public Policy of Green Practices by Restaurants and Hotels: Case of Ecotourism in Ranong Province, Thailand." Research in World Economy 11, no. 6 (September 23, 2020): 75. http://dx.doi.org/10.5430/rwe.v11n6p75.

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The objective of this study is to highlight the public policy of green practices for hotels and restaurants in Ranong city of Thailand. Along with the public policy of green practices, this study also discussed the green product promotion and green innovation. A questionnaire was used for data collection. Total 420 valid responses were used for data analysis. Results of the study shows the public policy green practices such as environment friendly products, adjustable temperature control in restaurants and hotels, electrical vehicle charging stations and waste management has positive effect on environmental safety. These practices increase the environmental safety in Ranong city of Thailand. Moreover, environment friendly products, adjustable temperature control in restaurants and hotels, electrical vehicle charging stations and waste management has positive role to enhance green product promotion and green innovation. Increase in the green practices increases the green product promotion and green innovation. Finally, green product promotion and green innovation shows positive influence to enhance environmental safety.

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Gleason, Shayna, Caitlin Coyle, and Jan Mutchler. "Spillover Benefits and Achieving Sustainability of Age-Friendly Communities." Innovation in Aging 5, Supplement_1 (December 1, 2021): 489. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igab046.1888.

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Abstract As the age-friendly movement grows in its second decade, urgent questions of initiative sustainability have taken hold in the academic literature and among advocates implementing age-friendly changes. The creation of authentically age-inclusive environments requires not just the continuation of the initiative itself, but that its principles become embedded in formal and informal organizational processes, across sectors and beyond familiar networks focused on older populations. This paper argues that sustainability of age-friendly initiatives is enhanced by “spillover” effects, in which a behavioral or policy change in one environment spurs change in another environment. Evidence for such spillover and an understanding of how and when it occurs is currently limited in the context of age-friendly environments. This paper draws on the experiences of Age-Friendly Boston, which has been working towards age-friendly goals for more than five years. Based on Boston’s experience, we identify, describe, and exemplify three pathways to positive spillover across environments: 1) branding positively; 2) publicizing successes; and 3) embarking on new relationships, while strengthening existing ones, in pursuit of shared goals. We also draw conclusions about what positive spillover means for the sustainability of age-friendly environments.

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Qiao-Ying Ho, Elaine, Song-Iee Hong, Leng Leng Thang, Peck Hoon Ong, and Gerald Choon-Huat Koh. "Falls among older adults living in age-friendly environment in Singapore." International Journal of Integrated Care 19, no. 4 (August 8, 2019): 385. http://dx.doi.org/10.5334/ijic.s3385.

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Mughni, Wali. "PAKISTAN'S NATIONAL AVIATION POLICY (2015) FLIGHT PATH, CROSS WINDS & OFF-COURSE." Journal of Air Transport Studies 8, no. 1 (January 1, 2017): 92–107. http://dx.doi.org/10.38008/jats.v8i1.42.

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Pakistan is an emerging economy where the aviation policy, promulgated in April 2015, was designed to dramatically boost aviation activities, which in turn was expected to enhance the country’s economy. Ownership and market access liberalization, stringent adherence to international standards, subsidies, taxes and duty exemptions/reduction, emphasis on education, investor friendly environment, greater safety and security assurance, and above all, travel and business friendly culture was the strategic direction that Pakistan’s forward looking National Aviation Policy anticipated to achieve. Well after a year of promulgation, poor internal and external stakeholder buy-in of the policy continues to mar expectations of the industry’s stability, growth and prosperity. This paper critically looks at stakeholder apprehensions and suggests possible remedial measures that may be adopted for a course correction.

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Li, Chuang, Qingqing Liu, Qing Li, and Hailing Wang. "Does Innovative Industrial Agglomeration Promote Environmentally-Friendly Development? Evidence from Chinese Prefecture-Level Cities." Sustainability 14, no. 20 (October 20, 2022): 13571. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su142013571.

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China has promised to meet the “carbon peaking and carbon neutrality” goals. Exploring the relationship between innovative industrial agglomeration and environmental pollution plays an important role in the realization of these goals and sustainable development. Based on the panel data of 277 prefecture-level cities in China from 2007 to 2019, this paper uses the multi-period difference-in-difference (DID) model to examine the impact and mechanism of the innovative industrial agglomeration pilot (IIAP) policy on the environment. Furthermore, we explore the spatial spillover effect of the IIAP using spatial DID. The findings show that, firstly, the IIAP policy significantly contributes to environmentally-friendly development in terms of enhancing carbon emission efficiency (CEE) and reducing environmental pollution index (EPI). Secondly, the IIAP policy promotes environmentally-friendly development mainly by improving the technological innovation level. Additionally, the heterogeneity analysis shows that the environmentally-friendly effect of the IIAP policy is primarily in the eastern region, large cities, and non-resource-based cities. Finally, there is a significant spatial effect of the IIAP policy on environmentally-friendly development, mainly reflected in the weak siphon effect between treatment group cities and neighboring regions. We suggest that the government should continue to maintain the steady growth of the IIAP cities and improve the energy utilization efficiency through a policy of green technology innovation. The government should also optimize the spatial layout of the pilot cities and make full use of the energy advantages of each region to better promote environmentally-friendly development.

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Khanal, Dr Uttam. "Child Friendly Environment of Classroom on Basic Level in Nepal: Education Achievement of Community School." International Education Studies and Sustainability 1, no. 1 (June 18, 2021): p78. http://dx.doi.org/10.22158/iess.v1n1p78.

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This study focuses on child-friendly classroom environments and basic level academic achievement and analyzes the role that teachers, parents, students, and school management committees play in school work. Nepal’s disadvantaged schools are concentrated in rural areas, but those schools are also trying to make themselves child-friendly schools. The objective was to analyze the problems seen in the construction of child-friendly schools by analyzing the classroom environment, the current condition of the school, the impact of the child-friendly classroom environment on the level of educational achievement. The school management committee, teachers, the interaction between the parents and the stakeholders on various issues has helped in the construction of the child-friendly school and the community has expressed its readiness to help as the school is their own. According to the parents, the school has been punishing the children for one reason or another and the school should be reformed as there are protests from all quarters. In order to achieve the set targets as per the educational policy of the state and for the all-round development of the children-It has become necessary for everyone to pay attention to remove the small weaknesses and analyze the results and engage in classroom management including child-friendly schools.

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Lefebvre, Marianne, Estelle Midler, and Philippe Bontems. "Adoption of Environment-Friendly Agricultural Practices with Background Risk: Experimental Evidence." Environmental and Resource Economics 76, no. 2-3 (May 21, 2020): 405–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10640-020-00431-2.

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Fathatul Jannah, Fillah Babul, and Dian Hidayati. "IMPLEMENTATION OF CHILD-FRIENDLY SCHOOL POLICIES TOWARDS BUILDING THE CHARACTER OF STUDENTS IN SD BANTUL DISTRICT." International Journal of Education Humanities and Social Science 05, no. 05 (2022): 105–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.54922/ijehss.2022.0443.

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This child-friendly school program provides an openness for children to participate in every social activity so that children grow up and get their welfare as children. To promote this child-friendly school, the school or madrasah must have a safe, clean, comfortable, inclusive environment so that children can develop properly, especially children who need special services. The pnting elements that can encourage the implementation of child-friendly school programs are families, schools and communities. The research method used is a qualitative method, by conducting interviews and observations with the results of the research as follows, elementary schools in Bantul Regency have implemented a child-friendly school policy. The implementation of child-friendly schools in elementary schools is supported by school residents and also the surrounding community. Teachers in bantul district elementary schools have implemented education with a child-friendly environment. This is evidenced by, several habituation activities carried out by teachers and students. Habituations in this school can indirectly shape the character of students. The obstacle experienced by several elementary schools in Bantul Regency is the lack of adequate facilities and infrastructure, especially facilities and infrastructure to support an inclusive environment, so as to create comfort for students, especially students with special needs. To meet the needs of these facilities and infrastructure, it can be handled by cooperating with outside institutions.

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Rudnicki, Roman, Łukasz Wiśniewski, and Mirosław Biczkowski. "A Spatial Typography of Environmentally Friendly Common Agricultural Policy Support Relevant to European Green Deal Objectives." Land 10, no. 10 (October 15, 2021): 1092. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/land10101092.

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The European Union (EU), through its implementation of the Common Agricultural Policy (CAP), is increasingly emphasising the development of environmentally friendly forms of agriculture. This is confirmed by, for example, the new European Green Deal (EGD). In Poland, the most important forms of CAP support for the environmentally friendly management of agricultural land were the following measures: agri-environment-climate measures (AECM) and organic farming (OF). These aid instruments facilitated the use of a range of packages and variants, which resulted in the pro-environmental forms of support offered by the CAP support having a very diverse internal structure. This study therefore attempts to synthesise the diversity of CAP financial support using spatial typology methods. The researched support measures were divided into three basic directions for developing agriculture: ecology, environment and habitat. The research procedure involved the D’Hondt method, the normalisation method, standardisation and correlation. The study was conducted on the example of Poland, and the basic territorial unit of analysis was the commune. It was shown that support for environmentally friendly activities in Poland related to almost 10% of the total farm area. The utilised agricultural area (UAA) covered by subsidies can be broken down as follows: organic farming—32.7%, environmental farming—31.8%, habitat farming—35.5%. The detailed results of the typology indicate the complexity of the spatial distribution of environmentally friendly CAP funds, which is defined by environmental determinants and the characteristics of the farms themselves. Farm-specific, non-environmental determinants were found to be the most significant, including farm size and managerial expertise.

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Tripathi, Krishna Prasad. "Child-Friendly School Environment: A Case of Community Schools of Pokhara." Prithvi Journal of Research and Innovation 2 (December 16, 2020): 9–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/pjri.v2i0.33428.

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The study is carried out to investigate the status of child-friendly school environment, and identify school’s policy towards it. It was delimited to Pokhara Metropolitan of Kaski District. To accomplish the objectives, the explanatory sequential research design was used. The survey technique was used for quantitative and observation was used to qualitative study. There were 128 basic community schools. Eleven schools were selected randomly. The interview schedule and observation checklist were the major tools of data collection. Collected data and information were analyzed both quantitatively as well as qualitatively as per their nature in the table. The findings of the study demonstrated that physical facilities in community schools in Pokhara Metropolitan City seem satisfactory. The researcher asked and observed the school sites. More than one quarter schools (27.3%) had peace and quiet place to teach. More than one-third school (36.4%) had satisfactory and the same (36.4%) had no open and enough space. The study also found that all schools had little raised and dry land and not to risk of sinking during the monsoon. More than half of the schools (54.5%) had the satisfactory situation on sufficient space and on adequate water and facility of waste disposal. From the observation, it was found that nearly two third schools had poor situation of restrooms without water and latches. It is concluded that the community schools tried their best to make child-friendly school environment, but those attempts were found to be insufficient. The study recommended that communication, cooperation, and coordination are needed among the stakeholders to plan for the quality education in schools.

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Davern, Melanie, Rachel Winterton, Kathleen Brasher, and Geoff Woolcock. "How Can the Lived Environment Support Healthy Ageing? A Spatial Indicators Framework for the Assessment of Age-Friendly Communities." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 20 (October 21, 2020): 7685. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17207685.

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The Age-Friendly Cities and Communities Guide was released by the World Health Organization over a decade ago with the aim of creating environments that support healthy ageing. The comprehensive framework includes the domains of outdoor spaces and buildings, transportation, housing, social participation, respect and inclusion, civic participation and employment, communication and information, and community and health services. A major critique of the age-friendly community movement has argued for a more clearly defined scope of actions, the need to measure or quantify results and increase the connections to policy and funding levers. This paper provides a quantifiable spatial indicators framework to assess local lived environments according to each Age-Friendly Cities and Communities (AFC) domain. The selection of these AFC spatial indicators can be applied within local neighbourhoods, census tracts, suburbs, municipalities, or cities with minimal resource requirements other than applied spatial analysis, which addresses past critiques of the Age-Friendly Community movement. The framework has great potential for applications within local, national, and international policy and planning contexts in the future.

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Hu, Jin-Li, Jui-Chu Lin, Tzu-Cheng Yang, and Meng-Chi Chi. "The Subsidy-Based Solar Energy Policy in Taiwan." Open Environmental Sciences 4, no. 1 (July 8, 2010): 8–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1876325101004010008.

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There are five major factors affecting the adoption of renewable energy for the households in Taiwan: price, environmental consciousness, education, geography, and building density. However, although people usually tend to be environment-friendly, the price is still the major concern for households in considering the adoption of renewable energy equipments. Therefore, subsidies have become the major policy instrument to promote household installation of renewable energy devices. This study takes the case of the solar water heaters (SWHs) as an example of how Taiwan subsidizes households to adopt renewable energy equipments.

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Jeong, Hak-Kyun, and Jae-Hwan Han. "An Analysis of Preference for Policy to Expand the Consumption of Environment-friendly Agricultural Processed Foods." Journal of Agriculture & Life Science 53, no. 5 (October 31, 2019): 145–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.14397/jals.2019.53.5.145.

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Kang, HaeLi, Dong Ha Kim, and Seunghyun Yoo. "Attributes of Perceived Bikeability in a Compact Urban Neighborhood Based on Qualitative Multi-Methods." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 16, no. 19 (October 4, 2019): 3738. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16193738.

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Cycling provides opportunities to promote healthy and sustainable cities. However, few studies examine cyclists’ perceived attributes of a bicycle-friendly environment in relation to compact urban contexts. This study explored the attributes of perceived bikeability and urban context related to the cycling experience in Seoul, Korea. Purposive sampling with public recruitment and a snowball technique was used to recruit twenty-two cyclists and three bicycle-related community service providers from a bikeable environment. Qualitative multi-methods, including semi-structured interviews and bicycle tours with a GPS device, were adopted. The main themes of perceived bikeability were derived through thematic analysis. Cyclists perceived the attributes of a bicycle-friendly physical environment as essential components of bikeability. In urban environments where cycling is not yet recognized as the main transportation mode, internal conflict among cyclists and external conflicts between cyclists and other transportation users were evident. A supportive community system included developing an appropriate environment, providing information, and expanding riding opportunities. A bicycle-friendly culture accumulated over a long period influenced the initiation and maintenance of cycling and contributed to a more bikeable community environment. Cyclists’ attitude, behaviors, and perceived environment differed according to purpose. Policy, system, and environmental changes are required to promote cycling in compact urban contexts.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Environment-friendly policy'

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