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Academic literature on the topic 'Enveloppe cellulaire bactérienne'
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Journal articles on the topic "Enveloppe cellulaire bactérienne"
NICOLAS, J. L., F. J. GATESOUPE, S. FROUEL, E. BACHERE, and Y. GUEGUEN. "Quelles stratégies alternatives aux antibiotiques en aquaculture ?" INRAE Productions Animales 20, no. 3 (September 7, 2007): 253–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.20870/productions-animales.2007.20.3.3465.
Full textDissertations / Theses on the topic "Enveloppe cellulaire bactérienne"
Cordier, Baptiste. "Compréhension des processus cellulaires associés à l' enveloppe de Bacillus subtilis : GluP, une protéase intramembranaire impliquée dans la dégradation des protéines membranaires & CmmB, un cofacteur de la synthèse de la paroi bactérienne." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015AIXM4006.
Full textThe bacterial cell envelope is an obligatory barrier. It is a fundamental component in essential cellular processes such as morphogenesis and cell division. It hosts about a quarter of the proteins encoded in the genome. My work was aimed at understanding the function of two membrane proteins in the building and the dynamics of the cell envelope in the model bacterium Bacillus subtilis.GluP is a rhomboid intramembrane protease. Usually, rhomboids cleave transmembrane segments within the membrane to modulate protein functions. In eukaryotes, they participate in many cellular processes and their dysfunction lead to several pathologies. However, prokaryotic rhomboid functions remain almost totally unknown. Our results suggest that GluP is involved in bacterial membrane protein quality control, in a process akin to pseudo-rhomboid dependent endoplasmic reticulum associated protein degradation in eukaryotes. GluP forms a complex with FtsH, a major protease in protein quality control. That complex is not involved in the cleavage of a membrane substrate but in its degradation. We propose that GluP is required for the dislocation of the transmembrane segment, thus facilitating full-length substrate degradation by FtsH in the cytoplasm. My thesis second objective was to understand the role of the CmmB protein in morphogenesis. The absence of CmmB leads to slightly enlarged cells. CmmB seems to belong to the peptidoglycan synthesis machinery for cell-wall elongation. Our data support the idea that it is required for the proper activity of one or several penicillin-binding proteins (PBPs). In particular, we propose that CmmB is a cofactor of the PBP2a transpeptidase
Megrian, Nuñez Daniela. "Phylogenomic approaches to uncover the diversity and evolution of the bacterial cell envelope." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020SORUS349.
Full textThe bacterial envelope is one of the oldest and most fundamental cellular structures. Yet, many aspects of its diversity and evolutionary history are unknown. In this thesis I have taken advantage of the large available genomic data to investigate the issue through a large-scale phylogenomic and comparative genomic analyses at the level of Bacteria. The two goals of this doctoral work were (i) to identify putative new diderm lineages in the Firmicutes to illuminate the monoderm/diderm transition, and (ii) to elucidate the evolutionary history of the cell envelope in Bacteria and infer its nature in the LBCA. To sum up, the results I obtained during this thesis provide a timely and significant advancement to our understanding of the diversity and evolution of the cell envelope, and on one of the major transitions in the history of Bacteria, that between monoderms and diderms
Nicoud, Quentin. "Study of terminal bacteroid differentiation features during the legume-rhizobium symbiosis Bradyrhizobium diazoefficiens USDA110 nodulation of Aeschynomene afraspera is associated with atypical terminal bacteroid differentiation and suboptimal symbiotic efficiency Sinorhizobium meliloti functions required for resistance to the antimicrobial NCR peptides and bacteroid differentiation." Thesis, université Paris-Saclay, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021UPASB007.
Full textThe legume-rhizobia symbiosis is a close interaction between a plant and bacteria. During this symbiosis, bacteria are hosted by the plants in symbiotic organs called nodules and in which the symbionts fix atmospheric nitrogen for the plants. Legume species from IRLC and Dalbergioid can control symbiotic rhizobia and mediate a particular differentiation process through the massive production of nodule-specific cysteine-rich (NCR) peptides. In vitro, cationic NCR peptides have membrane-permeabilizing activities on many bacteria. How rhizobia adapt to resist this intense stress remains poorly understood. Two main research axes were driven during this thesis, both linked to the understanding of how bacteria react to terminal differentiation imposed by NCR peptides. On one side, we tried to functionally analyze bacterial functions for their role in NCR resistance during the model interaction between Medicago truncatula and Sinorhizobium meliloti. In this work, we mainly assessed membrane functions such as LPS synthesis, Envelope Stress Response, and import functions. We found novel functions that could be involved in NCR resistance and terminal bacteroid differentiation.On the other side, we conducted a multi-omics approach coupled with cell-biology techniques to characterize the ill-adapted interaction between Bradyrhizobium diazoefficiens USDA110 and Aeschynomene afraspera. We discovered new features in this interaction with an unusual differentiation
Dam, Sushovan. "Post-transcriptional regulation of porin expression in Escherichia coli and its impact on antibiotic resistance." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018AIXM0641/document.
Full textA major factor contributing to antimicrobial resistance is the inability of antibiotics to penetrate the bacterial outer membrane to reach their target. In Escherichia coli, the two abundantly expressed porins OmpF and OmpC form channels for diffusion of small hydrophilic molecules including antibiotics. The expression of porins is under complex regulation and the small regulatory RNAs (sRNAs) fine tune the porin expression level at post-transcriptional level. MicF and MicC are the two major sRNAs that negatively regulate expression of OmpF and OmpC, respectively. Interestingly, these two sRNAs are encoded next to porin gene, i.e. micF-ompC and micC-ompN, suggesting a dual regulation. Our goals in this work were: (1) to characterize the regulation of the sRNA MicC and the putative co-regulation of the quiescent porin OmpN in E. coli; (2) to examine the global effect of MicC on the E. coli transcriptome; (3) to analyze the impact of MicC expression on antibiotic susceptibility. Our work shows that the expression of micC was increased in the presence of carbapenems and cephalosporins and in an rpoE depleted mutant. The same conditions enhanced the expression of OmpN, suggesting a dual regulation of micC and ompN. We also performed RNA sequencing to determine the impact of MicC overexpression on E. coli transcriptome. This identified 60 mRNA targets negatively regulated by MicC apart from its original target. Identification of the global target spectra of MicC is of importance to understand its importance on the overall bacterial physiology, and more specifically on AMR