Relevant bibliographies by topics / Envelope

Academic literature on the topic 'Envelope'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 14 March 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Envelope"

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Dai, Ming-Wu, and Kai-Jun Luo. "Envelope-Fusion-Syncytium Formation in Microplitis bicoloratus bracovirus Maturation." Viruses 14, no. 10 (October 2, 2022): 2183. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/v14102183.

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The viral envelope is essential for virus maturation. Virus-mediated syncytium formations are induced by viral envelope proteins that cause membrane fusion of the infected cells. Polydnaviridae (Polydnavirus) are enveloped viruses with multiple nucleocapsids, and virions mature in symbiotic parasitoid wasp ovaries. However, the mechanism governing the envelope packaging of multiple nucleocapsids remains unclear. In this study, we used transmission electron microscopy to examine the process whereby multiple nucleocapsids of Microplitis bicoloratus bracovirus are packaged into an envelope and observed envelope-fusion-syncytium formation in symbiotic wasp calyx cells during virus maturation. The virus maturation process in calyx cells comprised four stages: pre-virogenic stroma, virogenic stroma, assembly, and fusion. Each virus contained a single envelope with one nucleocapsid in the assembly stage; multiple envelopes then fused to form a viral envelope with multiple nucleocapsids (i.e., the envelope-fusion-syncytium) around the envelope fusion core in the fusion stage. The envelope-fusion-syncytium then stabilized the virions that were released into the lumen of the ovary across the calyx epithelial layer. The phagocytic calyx epithelial cells on the border of the calyx and ovary lumen cleared the majority of non-enveloped nucleocapsids. In contrast, non-phagocytic calyx epithelial cells with microvilli and a cuticular line between the ovary wall and the lumen remained intact in the ovary lumen. These results indicate that envelope-fusion-syncytium formation is important for packaging multiple nucleocapsids in bracovirus maturation.
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Jones, MK. "Formation of the Paruterine Capsules and Embryonic Envelopes in Cylindrotaenia-Hickmani (Jones, 1985) (Cestoda, Nematotaeniidae)." Australian Journal of Zoology 36, no. 5 (1988): 545. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/zo9880545.

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The development of embryonic envelopes and paruterine capsules in Cylindrotaenia hickmani (Jones 1985) Jones, 1987 were studied using transmission electron microscopy. The embryonic envelopes of C. hickmani form in a similar way to those of other cyclophyllideans. The extant embryonic envelopes in fully developed eggs are: the thin, featureless outer envelope; the inner envelope, which forms an oncospheral membrane; embryophore; and an electron-dense peripheral cytoplasmic layer that lies immediately internal to the external plasma membrane of the inner envelope. Processes of uterine epithelial cells envelop the outer capsule of early embryos. Both the uterine envelope and outer capsule are lost as eggs develop. Paruterine organs are complex, paired structures that form lipid and flattened cellular processes for inclusion within paruterine capsules. Paruterine capsules are complex parenchymal structures containing eggs and the products of the paruterine organs. The possession of such complex paruterine envelopes suggests that the life cycles of nematotaeniids are terrestrial. The sequence of events in paruterine capsule formation in nematotaeniids is unlike that seen in other cyclophyllidean groups with paruterine capsules and it is unlikely that nematotaeniids are closely related to such cestodes.
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Usui, Noriko, Atsuo Ogura, Yasuyuki Kimura, and Ryuzo Yanagimachi. "Sperm nuclear envelope: breakdown of intrinsic envelope and de novo formation in hamster oocytes or eggs." Zygote 5, no. 1 (February 1997): 35–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0967199400003543.

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SummaryDuring fertilisation of a fully mature oocyte, the sperm intrinsic nuclear envelope (SINE) disappears soon after sperm-oocyte fusion. A new nuclear envelope appears around the decondensed sperm chromatin when the oocyte reaches telophase II. Whether the SINE persists or rapidly disappears after sperm entery into immature oocytes or fertilised eggs has been controversial. Nuclear envelopes have been demonstrated around the sperm chromatin, which cannot be decondensed within the ooplasm of these oocytes or eggs, but whether these envelopes are persisting SINEs or newly formed envelopes has been apoint of dispute. To resolve this issue, the fate of the germinal vesicle stage(GV oocytes) or fertilised eggs at the pronuclear stage(PN eggs). The SINEs disappeared quikly within these oocytes or eggs, like those within maturing or mature oocytes, suggesting that the envelops around the sperm chromatin must be newly formed after SINE breakdown. To obtain further evidence, a detergent-treated, SINE-free sperm nucleus was injected into a PN egg. A new envelope appeared around the still-condensed or partially decondensed sperm chromatin within 3h after injection. Thus, disassembly of the SINE within ooplasm, unlike that of nuclear envelopes of other cells at prophase, is independent of the cell cycle stage of the oocyte or egg, whereas the ability of the ooplasm to assemble the new envelope is restricted to certain periods of the cycle. i.e. early prophase and telophase during meiosis and interphase, periods when active M-phase Promoting factor (MPF) is absent from the ooplasm.
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Zhang, X., C. E. Lee, and X. Shao. "Envelopes in multivariate regression models with nonlinearity and heteroscedasticity." Biometrika 107, no. 4 (June 17, 2020): 965–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/biomet/asaa036.

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Summary Envelopes have been proposed in recent years as a nascent methodology for sufficient dimension reduction and efficient parameter estimation in multivariate linear models. We extend the classical definition of envelopes in Cook et al. (2010) to incorporate a nonlinear conditional mean function and a heteroscedastic error. Given any two random vectors ${X}\in\mathbb{R}^{p}$ and ${Y}\in\mathbb{R}^{r}$, we propose two new model-free envelopes, called the martingale difference divergence envelope and the central mean envelope, and study their relationships to the standard envelope in the context of response reduction in multivariate linear models. The martingale difference divergence envelope effectively captures the nonlinearity in the conditional mean without imposing any parametric structure or requiring any tuning in estimation. Heteroscedasticity, or nonconstant conditional covariance of ${Y}\mid{X}$, is further detected by the central mean envelope based on a slicing scheme for the data. We reveal the nested structure of different envelopes: (i) the central mean envelope contains the martingale difference divergence envelope, with equality when ${Y}\mid{X}$ has a constant conditional covariance; and (ii) the martingale difference divergence envelope contains the standard envelope, with equality when ${Y}\mid{X}$ has a linear conditional mean. We develop an estimation procedure that first obtains the martingale difference divergence envelope and then estimates the additional envelope components in the central mean envelope. We establish consistency in envelope estimation of the martingale difference divergence envelope and central mean envelope without stringent model assumptions. Simulations and real-data analysis demonstrate the advantages of the martingale difference divergence envelope and the central mean envelope over the standard envelope in dimension reduction.
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Pickl, Winfried F., Felipe X. Pimentel-Muiños, and Brian Seed. "Lipid Rafts and Pseudotyping." Journal of Virology 75, no. 15 (August 1, 2001): 7175–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jvi.75.15.7175-7183.2001.

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ABSTRACT Specific interactions between envelope and core proteins govern the membrane assembly of most enveloped viruses. Despite this, mixed infections lead to pseudotyping, the association of the viral cores of one virus with the envelopes of another. How does this occur? We show here that the detergent-insoluble lipid rafts of the plasma membrane function as a natural meeting point for the transmembrane and core components of a phylogenetically diverse collection of enveloped viruses. As a result, viral particles preferentially incorporate both the envelope components of other viruses as well as the extra- and intracellular constituents of host cell lipid rafts, including gangliosides, glycosyl phosphatidylinositol-anchored surface proteins, and intracellular signal transduction molecules. Pharmacological disruption of lipid rafts interferes with virus production.
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Sun, Xiangjie, and Gary R. Whittaker. "Role for Influenza Virus Envelope Cholesterol in Virus Entry and Infection." Journal of Virology 77, no. 23 (December 1, 2003): 12543–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jvi.77.23.12543-12551.2003.

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ABSTRACT Enveloped viruses are highly dependent on their lipid envelopes for entry into and infection of host cells. Here, we have examined the role of cholesterol in the virus envelope, using methyl-β-cyclodextrin depletion. Pretreatment of virions with methyl-β-cyclodextrin efficiently depleted envelope cholesterol from influenza virus and significantly reduced virus infectivity in a dose-dependent manner. A nonenveloped virus, simian virus 40, was not affected by methyl-β-cyclodextrin treatment. In the case of influenza virus, infectivity could be partially rescued by the addition of exogenous cholesterol. Influenza virus morphology, binding, and internalization were not affected by methyl-β-cyclodextrin depletion, whereas envelope cholesterol depletion markedly affected influenza virus fusion, as measured by a specific reduction in the infectivity of viruses induced to fuse at the cell surface and by fluorescence-dequenching assays. These data suggest that envelope cholesterol is a critical factor in the fusion process of influenza virus.
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Cross, N. L., T. C. Slezynger, and L. Z. Holland. "Isolation and partial characterization of Urechis caupo egg envelopes." Journal of Cell Science 74, no. 1 (March 1, 1985): 193–205. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/jcs.74.1.193.

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Eggs of Urechis caupo are surrounded by a congruent to 0.9 micrometer thick egg envelope and, attached to that, a peripheral jelly layer about 3 micrometers thick. Before fertilization, the sperm undergoes the acrosome reaction and binds to the egg envelope. As part of a study of the induction of the acrosome reaction and sperm binding in Urechis, we have developed a method to prepare an egg envelope fraction by differential centrifugation. The isolation procedure removes much of the jelly layer, but does not alter the fine structure of the envelope. When a sperm contacts an isolated envelope, it undergoes a normal acrosome reaction and binds to the envelope's outer face. Electrophoresis of the envelope fraction on sodium dodecyl sulphate (SDS)/polyacrylamide gels revealed six major components stained by Coomassie Blue, of which four are stained by the periodic acid-Schiff reagents (PAS). To measure the degree of enrichment of the envelope fraction, envelopes were isolated from eggs that had been externally radio-iodinated; the specific activity of the envelope fraction was 17 +/− 3 times greater than that of intact eggs. The amino acid composition of the envelope fraction is dominated by Gly (19 mole %), Asx (11%), Thr (11%), Ser (8%), Ala (8%) and Glx (8%). The sugars fucose, xylose, mannose, galactose, glucose, N-acetylglucosamine and N-acetylgalactosamine were detected by gas-liquid chromatography. We also investigated whether the egg envelope changes at fertilization. No change was detected in the electrophoretic 125I pattern of externally radio-iodinated eggs, and the envelope fractions prepared from unfertilized and fertilized eggs produced the same Coomassie Blue pattern on SDS/polyacrylamide gels.
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Meng, Xi, Xinyu Shi, Yanna Gao, and Tao Luo. "Composition of cooling load formed by non-transparent envelopes of a common office building under air-conditioning intermittent operation." Journal of Building Physics 43, no. 6 (July 1, 2019): 528–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1744259119857756.

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Under air-conditioning intermittent operation, interior envelopes become the quasi-exterior ones of a partial room and thereby may cause the specified heat loss. However, it is unknown for the heat transfer capacity rate of interior envelopes in the room heat loss, which is of vital significance on the optimization direction of envelopes. To analyze the cooling load composition formed by non-transparent envelopes, an office building was chosen and inner surface heat flows in the studied room were measured under the different intermittent groups of air-conditioning in the adjacent rooms, and combined with the envelop area and heat flow values, the heat transfer capacity through the different envelops could be gained. The results showed that the air-conditioning operation in the adjacent rooms had a large effect on the heat transfer capacities, and the higher the room area, the more remarkable the air-conditioning operation in the adjacent rooms. The average heat transfer capacity rate of the exterior envelope was 21%–35% for room with two exterior walls and only 7%–10% for room with one exterior wall, which were much lower than those of the interior envelopes. It showed that thermal performance of the interior envelopes should be paid more attention to under air-conditioning intermittent operation.
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Ahmed, S., K. Waterhouse, and A. Vitali. "P.084 Single-centre follow-up of TYRX Antibiotic Envelope for neuromodulation unit implantation." Canadian Journal of Neurological Sciences / Journal Canadien des Sciences Neurologiques 44, S2 (June 2017): S34—S35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/cjn.2017.168.

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Background: Studies have placed the rate of infection associated with neuromodulation units to be up to 20%. We present our experience with the TYRX absorbable antibiotic envelope. Our length of follow-up adds to the body of evidence around the use of antibiotic envelops. Methods: We conducted a retrospective chart review of patients referred to our center for either new implantation or revision of neuromodulation units between July 2014 and September 2016. Consecutive cases were included for analysis. We included a control group of consecutive patients with neuromodulation units placed immediately prior to our experience with the TYRX envelopes for comparison Results: Between July 2014 and September 2016, 76 patients had 81 instances of neuromodulation unit insertion. All patients received the TYRX antibiotic envelope. There were no incidences of infection involving antibiotic envelope-containing implants over an average follow-up period of 11 months. In 77 consecutive cases of neuromodulation unit implantation prior to usage of the antibiotic pouch, there were 4 instances of infection (5.2%). Conclusions: Our single center experience demonstrates a significant drop in the rate of infections with the use of an antibiotic envelope for neuromodulation unit implantation. We consider the routine use of the envelope to be a cost-effective method of infection avoidance.
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Buchmann, Jan P., and Edward C. Holmes. "Cell Walls and the Convergent Evolution of the Viral Envelope." Microbiology and Molecular Biology Reviews 79, no. 4 (September 16, 2015): 403–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/mmbr.00017-15.

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SUMMARYWhy some viruses are enveloped while others lack an outer lipid bilayer is a major question in viral evolution but one that has received relatively little attention. The viral envelope serves several functions, including protecting the RNA or DNA molecule(s), evading recognition by the immune system, and facilitating virus entry. Despite these commonalities, viral envelopes come in a wide variety of shapes and configurations. The evolution of the viral envelope is made more puzzling by the fact that nonenveloped viruses are able to infect a diverse range of hosts across the tree of life. We reviewed the entry, transmission, and exit pathways of all (101) viral families on the 2013 International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV) list. By doing this, we revealed a strong association between the lack of a viral envelope and the presence of a cell wall in the hosts these viruses infect. We were able to propose a new hypothesis for the existence of enveloped and nonenveloped viruses, in which the latter represent an adaptation to cells surrounded by a cell wall, while the former are an adaptation to animal cells where cell walls are absent. In particular, cell walls inhibit viral entry and exit, as well as viral transport within an organism, all of which are critical waypoints for successful infection and spread. Finally, we discuss how this new model for the origin of the viral envelope impacts our overall understanding of virus evolution.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Envelope"

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張麗霞 and Lai-ha Freda Cheung. "On envelopes and envelope theorem." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1991. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31976505.

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Cheung, Lai-ha Freda. "On envelopes and envelope theorem." Hong Kong : [University of Hong Kong], 1991. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B1300573X.

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Parkinson, Jane E. "A novel component of the envelope of extracellular enveloped vaccinia virus." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1995. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.260015.

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Klingen, Yvonne. "Rhabdovirus Envelope-Switching." Diss., lmu, 2008. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:19-95283.

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Herrada, Isaline. "Etude des interactions protéine-protéine à l'enveloppe nucléaire." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015SACLS278/document.

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Plusieurs publications, parues lors de ma thèse, ont révélé que les protéines de la membrane nucléaireinterne (INM) et plus particulièrement l’émerine, la lamine A, SUN1, l’actine et BAF, jouaient un rôleessentiel dans les propriétés mécaniques du noyau et de la cellule. L’assemblage de l’enveloppenucléaire et les interactions de ces protéines entre-elles sont régulées par des évènements dephosphorylation et d’oligomérisation. Mon objectif était de décrire les évènements moléculairesessentiels à l’assemblage de l’enveloppe nucléaire interne, afin de pouvoir par la suite comprendrecomment l’enveloppe nucléaire répond à un stress mécanique.J’ai dans un premier temps caractérisé les évènements d’oligomérisation et de phosphorylation de laprotéine émerine. J’ai montré que cette protéine était capable de former, in vitro et en cellules, de grosoligomères indispensables à son interaction avec la lamine A. J’ai également observé que desmutations dans l’émerine, aboutissant à la dystrophie musculaire d’Emery-Dreifuss, affectaient lespropriétés d’auto-association de cette protéine.En parallèle, j’ai étudié les interactions entre émerine, lamine, SUN1, actine et BAF in vitro. J’ai pumontrer des interactions directes entre le domaine C-terminal de la lamine A et les protéines émerine,actine et SUN1. Ces trois protéines lient la lamine A sur des surfaces différentes suggérant l’existencede complexes à 3 ou 4 protéines dans la cellule. L’analyse des modes de régulation des interactionsentre ces protéines doit être poursuivie afin de comprendre quels sont les évènements moléculairesessentiels au maintien de l'intégrité nucléaire et à la transmission d’un signal mécanique entre lecytosquelette et le nucléosquelette
During my PhD, several papers revealed that the inner nuclear membrane (INM) proteins, andespecially emerin, lamin A, SUN1, actin and BAF, played an essential role in the mechanicalproperties of the nucleus and the cell. The nuclear envelope assembly and the interactions betweenthese proteins are regulated by phosphorylation and oligomerization events. My aim was to describemolecular events essential for inner nuclear envelope assembly as a first step to understand how thenuclear envelope responds to a mechanical stress.I first characterized the oligomerization and phosphorylation states of the protein emerin. I showedthat this protein is capable of forming, in vitro and in cells, large oligomers essential to its interactionwith lamin A. I also observed that several emerin mutations leading to Emery-Dreifuss musculardystrophy impaired the self-association properties of this protein.In parallel, I studied the interactions between emerin, lamin, SUN1, actin and BAF in vitro. I was ableto demonstrate direct interactions between the C-terminal domain of lamin A and the proteins emerin,actin and SUN1. These three proteins bind lamin A on different surfaces suggesting the existence ofcomplexes of 3 or 4 proteins in the cell. Analysis of the mechanisms regulating interactions betweenthese proteins should be pursued in order to understand what are the molecular events responsible forthe maintenance of nuclear integrity and the transmission of a mechanical signal between thecytoskeleton and the nucleoskeleton
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Redwood-Sawyerr, J. A. S. "Constant envelope modulation coding." Thesis, University of Essex, 1985. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.356049.

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JUNIOR, ADY CAMBRAIA. "ENVELOPE OF MID-PLANES." PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO, 2015. http://www.maxwell.vrac.puc-rio.br/Busca_etds.php?strSecao=resultado&nrSeq=25484@1.

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PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO
COORDENAÇÃO DE APERFEIÇOAMENTO DO PESSOAL DE ENSINO SUPERIOR
PROGRAMA DE SUPORTE À PÓS-GRADUAÇÃO DE INSTS. DE ENSINO
O Envelope de Retas Médias - ERM consiste da união de três conjuntos invariantes afins: o Affine Envelope Symmetry Set - AESS; o Mid-Parallel Tangents Locus - MPTL; e a Evoluta Afim - EA. O ERM de curvas planas convexas é um assunto que tem sido muito explorado. Porém, não existe na literatura nenhum estudo do ERM para superfícies. Por isso, o objetivo principal desta tese é generalizar o ERM de curvas convexas para superfícies convexas. Para tanto, dividimos a tese em duas partes. A primeira consiste de uma revisão sobre a geometria afim de curvas planas e do estudo do ERM com uma nova abordagem. Na segunda parte realizamos uma breve introdução da geometria afim de hipersuperfícies e a generalização do ERM. Na generalização do ERM, trabalhamos com superfícies, definimos os planos médios e estudamos o que denominamos Envelope de Planos Médios -EPM. Provamos que, o EPM assim como o ERM, é formado por três conjuntos invariantes afins: a Superfície de Centros de 3 mais 3-Cônicas - SC3C; o Mid-Parallel Tangents Surface -MPTS; e a Evoluta de Curvas Médias - ECM.
The Envelope of Mid-Lines - EML consists of the union of three affine invariant sets: the Affine Envelope Symmetry Set - AESS; the Mid-Parallel Tangents Locus - MPTL; and the Affine Evolute. The EML of convex planar curves is a subject that has been very explored. However, there is no study in the literature of the EML for surfaces. Therefore, the main objective of this thesis is to generalize the EML of convex curves to convex surfaces. We divide the writing into two parts. The first part consists of a study of the EML with a new approach. In the second part we consider the EML for surfaces, that we call Envelope of Mid-Planes - EMP. We prove that, the EMP, like the EML, is formed by three affine invariant sets: the Centers of 3 plus 3-Conics Surface - C3CS; the Mid-Parallel Tangents Surface -MPTS; and the Medial Curves Evolute - MCE.
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Hernandez, Gardiol Natalia 1977. "Relational envelope-based planning." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/43028.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, 2008.
Includes bibliographical references (leaves 138-143).
This thesis proposes a synthesis of logic and probability for solving stochastic sequential decision-making problems. We address two main questions: How can we take advantage of logical structure to speed up planning in a principled way? And, how can probability inform the production of a more robust, yet still compact, policy? We can take as inspiration a mobile robot acting in the world: it is faced with a varied amount of sensory data and uncertainty in its action outcomes. Or, consider a logistics planning system: it must deliver a large number of objects to the right place at the right time. Many interesting sequential decision-making domains involve large state spaces, large stochastic action sets, and time pressure to act. In this work, we show how structured representations of the environment's dynamics can constrain and speed up the planning process. We start with a problem domain described in a probabilistic logical description language. Our technique is based on, first, identifying the most parsimonious representation that permits solution of the described problem. Next, we take advantage of the structured problem description to dynamically partition the action space into a set of equivalence classes with respect to this minimal representation. The partitioned action space results in fewer distinct actions. This technique can yield significant gains in planning efficiency. Next, we develop an anytime technique to elaborate on this initial plan. Our approach uses the envelope MDP framework, which creates a Markov decision process out of a subset of the possible state space. This strategy lets an agent begin acting quickly within a restricted part of the full state space, as informed by the original plan, and to judiciously expand its envelope as resources permit. Finally, we show how the representation space itself can be elaborated within the anytime framework.
(cont) This approach balances the need to respond to time-pressure and to produce the most robust policies possible. We present experimental results in some synthetic planning domains and in a simulated military logistics domain.
by Natalia Hernandez Gardiol.
Ph.D.
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Thompson, Steve C. "Constant envelope OFDM phase modulation /." Diss., Connect to a 24 p. preview or request complete full text in PDF format. Access restricted to UC campuses, 2005. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/ucsd/fullcit?p3208635.

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Macaulay, Gavin John. "Wave envelope elements for acoustics." Thesis, University of Canterbury. Mechanical Engineering, 1994. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/5574.

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This thesis develops and extends a method for modelling acoustical propagation in unbounded domains. This wave envelope method is ideally suited for inclusion into existing acoustic finite element formulations. Results are presented for test cases which show close agreement between the wave envelope results and analytical results. Basis function interpolation in the wave envelope elements can be varied from order 2 to order 10, allowing for modelling of complicated pressure fields solely with wave envelope elements. The system to be solved consists of three frequency independent matrices, allowing easy generation of frequency response data. For large systems a frequency response calculation can consume considerable CPU time and a modal decomposition procedure using Ritz vectors is presented that can significantly reduce computation times, with minimal loss in accuracy. The use of Ritz vectors was also found to give better results than the full solution from some situations.
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Books on the topic "Envelope"

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Bookwalter, Denise. Envelope. Tallahassee, Florida: Small Craft Advisory Press, 2017.

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Wills, Maurice. The envelope. Beaufort, Vic: Beaufort Pub. Co., 1990.

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Fenton, James. Manila envelope. West Triangle Homes, Quezon City [Philippines]: J. Fenton, 1989.

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Horn, Erica Van. Envelope interiors. [Docking, Norfolk: Coracle], 1994.

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Oleson, R. Sue. The envelope. Avon, Massachusetts: Crimson Romance, 2012.

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Horn, Erica Van. Envelope interiors. [U.K.]: Erica Van Horn, 1996.

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Stout, Randall. Building envelope. Washington, DC: National Council of Architectural Registration Boards, 2004.

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Nandī, Mati. The white envelope. New Delhi: Sahitya Akademi, 1997.

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Shackleton, Sue, Philippe Collas, and Eric C. Schirmer, eds. The Nuclear Envelope. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-3530-7.

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Horn, Erica Van. Airmail envelope interiors. Tipperary: Coracle, 2002.

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Book chapters on the topic "Envelope"

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Dunford, James C., Louis A. Somma, David Serrano, C. Roxanne Rutledge, John L. Capinera, Guy Smagghe, Eli Shaaya, et al. "Envelope." In Encyclopedia of Entomology, 1347. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4020-6359-6_3610.

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Gooch, Jan W. "Envelope." In Encyclopedic Dictionary of Polymers, 890. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-6247-8_13672.

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Weik, Martin H. "envelope." In Computer Science and Communications Dictionary, 528. Boston, MA: Springer US, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/1-4020-0613-6_6315.

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Stahler, Steven. "Protostellar Envelope." In Encyclopedia of Astrobiology, 1385. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-11274-4_1305.

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Hasegawa, Akira. "Envelope Solitons." In Optical Solitons in Fibers, 31–34. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-09113-5_4.

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Hasegawa, A. "Envelope solitons." In Springer Tracts in Modern Physics, 31–34. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bfb0108681.

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Lima-de-Faria, A. "Nuclear envelope." In One Hundred Years of Chromosome Research and What Remains to be Learned, 93–94. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-0167-9_21.

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Stahler, Steven W. "Protostellar Envelope." In Encyclopedia of Astrobiology, 2085. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-44185-5_1305.

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Piraccini, Stefano. "Building Envelope." In Building a Passive House, 87–127. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-69938-7_5.

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Weik, Martin H. "locked envelope." In Computer Science and Communications Dictionary, 919. Boston, MA: Springer US, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/1-4020-0613-6_10510.

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Conference papers on the topic "Envelope"

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Montoro, Gabriel, Pere L. Gilabert, Pedro Vizarreta, and Eduard Bertran. "Slew-rate limited envelopes for driving envelope tracking amplifiers." In 2011 IEEE Topical Conference on Power Amplifiers for Wireless and Radio Applications (PAWR). IEEE, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/pawr.2011.5725386.

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Kruithof, Nico, and Gert Vegter. "Envelope surfaces." In the twenty-second annual symposium. New York, New York, USA: ACM Press, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/1137856.1137916.

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Zhang, Zhao, Daniel S. Katz, Michael Wilde, Justin M. Wozniak, and Ian Foster. "MTC envelope." In HPDC'13: The 22nd International Symposium on High-Performance Parallel and Distributed Computing. New York, NY, USA: ACM, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/2462902.2462913.

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Anwar, Yunita Septriana, and Indah Emilia Wijayanti. "Injective Envelope." In The International Conference on Algebra 2010 - Advances in Algebraic Structures. WORLD SCIENTIFIC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/9789814366311_0002.

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Zhang, Zhao, Daniel S. Katz, Michael Wilde, Justin M. Wozniak, and Ian Foster. "MTC envelope." In the 22nd international symposium. New York, New York, USA: ACM Press, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/2493123.2462913.

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Han, Jiang, Dazhu Li, Lian Xia, and Xiaoqing Tian. "Analytical Study on Tooth Profile of Non-Circular Gear Based on Hobbing Process Simulation." In ASME 2019 14th International Manufacturing Science and Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/msec2019-2729.

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Abstract Based on the hobbing process simulation of non-circular gears, a method for obtaining the precise tooth profile and evaluating the undercutting characteristics according to the profile generated after the finite number of envelop is proposed. The profile points formed by different hobbing strategies are compared, then the envelope method with uniform accuracy for all teeth is selected. The formation rule of tooth profile morphology is analyzed, and the pickup method with high convergence rate is proposed. The influences of the envelope number and gear parameters on the tooth profile accuracy are analyzed inductively, and the reasonable number of envelopes for expected accuracy is given. The results show that the tooth profile analysis method based on the hobbing process simulation can accurately acquire all feature points of the tooth profile and analysis the undercutting phenomenon.
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Hietakangas, S., M. Hietanen, and T. Rahkonen. "1.8 W, 19 MHz envelope amplifier for envelope tracking and envelope elimination and restoration." In 2013 NORCHIP. IEEE, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/norchip.2013.6702003.

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Vizarreta, Pedro P., Gabriel Montoro, and Pere L. Gilabert. "Hybrid Envelope Amplifier for envelope tracking power amplifier transmitters." In 2012 42nd European Microwave Conference (EuMC 2012). IEEE, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.23919/eumc.2012.6459324.

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Luo, J. R., R. S. Wu, B. L. Hua, and F. C. Gao. "3D Envelope Inversion." In 77th EAGE Conference and Exhibition 2015. Netherlands: EAGE Publications BV, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.3997/2214-4609.201412765.

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Bigelow, Edward L. "The Carbonate Envelope." In SPE Production Operations Symposium. Society of Petroleum Engineers, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/29515-ms.

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Reports on the topic "Envelope"

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Faakye, O., and D. Griffiths. Multifamily Envelope Leakage Model. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), May 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1220450.

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Faakye, Omari, and Dianne Griffiths. Multifamily Envelope Leakage Model. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), May 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1215013.

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HERTING DL. FRACTIONAL CRYSTALLIZATION FEED ENVELOPE. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), March 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/926177.

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Scarlett, Harry. Nuclear Enterprise Operating Envelope. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), November 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1617340.

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Richard Metcalf. Safeguards Envelope Progress FY10. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), October 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1004253.

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Richard Metcalf and Robert Bean. Safeguards Envelope Progress FY09. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), September 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/968565.

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Robert Bean, Richard Metcalf, and Aaron Bevill. Safeguards Envelope Progress FY08. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), September 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/944213.

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Ciardullo D. J. A FAST ENVELOPE DETECTOR. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), December 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1151293.

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Baader, Franz, Sebastian Brandt, and Carsten Lutz. Pushing the EL Envelope. Technische Universität Dresden, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.25368/2022.144.

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Recently, it has been shown that the small DL EL, which allows for conjunction and existential restrictions, has better algorithmic properties than its counterpart FL₀, which allows for conjunction and value restrictions. Whereas the subsumption problem in FL₀ becomes already intractable in the presence of aclyc TBoxes, it remains tractable in EL even w.r.t. general concept inclusion axioms (GCIs). On the one hand, we will extend the positive result for EL by identifying a set of expressive means that can be added to EL without sacrificing tractability. On the other hand, we will show that basically all other additions of typical DL constructors to EL with GCIs make subsumption intractable, and in most cases even EXPTIME-complete. In addition, we will show that subsumption in FL₀ with GCIs is EXPTIME-complete.
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A.D. Kruz. Turnout Drift Operating Envelope Calculation. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), August 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/899460.

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