Relevant bibliographies by topics / Entropy decrease

Academic literature on the topic 'Entropy decrease'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 10 December 2022
Last updated: 28 January 2023

Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles

Select a source type:

Contents

Consult the lists of relevant articles, books, theses, conference reports, and other scholarly sources on the topic 'Entropy decrease.'

Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.

You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.

Journal articles on the topic "Entropy decrease"

1

YF, Chang. "Information, Entropy Decrease and Simulations of Astrophysical Evolutions." Physical Science & Biophysics Journal 5, no. 2 (2021): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.23880/psbj-16000181.

Full text
Abstract:
Entropy is a great development in science. We proposed that entropy decrease due to internal interactions in the isolated system is possible. We define the entangled scale, which mainly involves the number n and entangled degree. Since coherence, entanglement and correlation are all internal interactions in information systems, we discuss quantitatively entropy decrease along coherence, and entropy increase only for incoherence. From beginning quantum heat engine, we must systematically study quantum thermodynamics. Based on some astrophysical simulation models, they shown that the universe evolves from disorder to structures, which correspond to entropy decrease. This is consistence with theoretical result. The simulation must be an isolated system only using internal gravitational interactions.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
2

Walters, Doug. "Decrease your entropy!" Chemical Health and Safety 7, no. 1 (January 2000): 39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1074-9098(99)00078-7.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
3

Mukohyama, Shinji. "Can Ghost Condensate Decrease Entropy?" Open Astronomy Journal 3, no. 1 (2010): 30–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1874381101003010030.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
4

Gordon, Lyndsay. "The Decrease in Entropy via Fluctuations." Entropy 6, no. 1 (March 21, 2004): 38–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/e6010038.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
5

Chen, Jin-Duo, Ai-Ming Shi, and Tong Shen. "Study of entropy decrease phenomenon in shock layer." International Journal of Modern Physics B 34, no. 14n16 (June 3, 2020): 2040117. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217979220401177.

Full text
Abstract:
An entropy decrease phenomenon in the shock wave is studied. The statistical entropy of a unit mass system (UMS) is constructed based on statistical mechanics. Two terms in the microscopic statistical entropy are connected with the macroscopic entropy increment. In order to obtain the number density and velocity distribution function of argon gas, the direct simulation Monto Carlo method is adopted. The physical mechanism for entropy decrease phenomenon in the shock layer is revealed as compression work winning internal energy to produce the heat loss of a UMS.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
6

Page, Don N. "Will entropy decrease if the Universe recollapses?" Physical Review D 32, no. 10 (November 15, 1985): 2496–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/physrevd.32.2496.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
7

Engel-Herbert, H., and M. Schumann. "Entropy Decrease during Excitation of Sustained Oscillations." Annalen der Physik 499, no. 6 (1987): 393–402. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/andp.19874990602.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
8

Yun, Hye-Young. "Simulation of Entropy Decrease in Puzzle Game Play." Journal of Korea Game Society 13, no. 5 (October 20, 2013): 19–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.7583/jkgs.2013.13.5.19.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
9

Marín, Dolores, Mercedes Martín, and Bartolomé Sabater. "Entropy decrease associated to solute compartmentalization in the cell." Biosystems 98, no. 1 (October 2009): 31–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biosystems.2009.07.001.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
10

Johari, G. P. "Decrease in the configurational entropy during a melt’s polymerization." Chemical Physics 305, no. 1-3 (October 2004): 231–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.chemphys.2004.06.056.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
More sources

Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Entropy decrease"

1

Rinehart, Erica Marie. "Inhibition of Nectin-1 and Herpes Virus Entry Mediator (HVEM) Using Monoclonal Antibodies Decreases HSV-1 Entry into Neuro-2A Cells." Wright State University / OhioLINK, 2015. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=wright1438508507.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
2

Johnsen, Anke [Verfasser], and Andreas H. [Akademischer Betreuer] Guse. "2-Methoxyestradiol and its derivatives decrease Ca2+ entry in human (Homo sapiens) and rat (Rattus norvegicus) T lymphocytes by inhibiting Ca2+ release-activated Ca2+ channels / Anke Johnsen ; Betreuer: Andreas H. Guse." Hamburg : Staats- und Universitätsbibliothek Hamburg, 2018. http://d-nb.info/1173899294/34.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
3

Juránek, Oldřich. "Expanze ASIO, spol. s.r.o. na Kolumbijský trh." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta podnikatelská, 2011. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-223237.

Full text
Abstract:
Final thesis is focused on an entrance into an international market by company ASIO, Ltd. specialized on the field of water-management. The thesis is based on close analysis of Colombian market. The thesis is consisted of theoretical platform, analysis of macro- environments, segmentation of market, analysis of competitiveness, analysis of norms focused on water use and liquid waste and the proposed solution the company entered the Colombian market.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Books on the topic "Entropy decrease"

1

Clarke, Andrew. Energy and heat. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199551668.003.0002.

Full text
Abstract:
Energy is the capacity to do work and heat is the spontaneous flow of energy from one body or system to another through the random movement of atoms or molecules. The entropy of a system determines how much of its internal energy is unavailable for work under isothermal conditions, and the Gibbs energy is the energy available for work under isothermal conditions and constant pressure. The Second Law of Thermodynamics states that for any reaction to proceed spontaneously the total entropy (system plus surroundings) must increase, which is why metabolic processes release heat. All organisms are thermodynamically open systems, exchanging both energy and matter with their surroundings. They can decrease their entropy in growth and development by ensuring a greater increase in the entropy of the environment. For an ideal gas in thermal equilibrium the distribution of energy across the component atoms or molecules is described by the Maxwell-Boltzmann equation. This distribution is fixed by the temperature of the system.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
2

Clarke, Andrew. Temperature and reaction rate. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199551668.003.0007.

Full text
Abstract:
All other things being equal, physiological reaction rate increases roughly exponentially with temperature. Organisms that have adapted over evolutionary time to live at different temperatures can have enzyme variants that exhibit similar kinetics at the temperatures to which they have adapted to operate. Within species whose distribution covers a range of temperatures, there may be differential expression of enzyme variants with different kinetics across the distribution. Enzymes adapted to different optimum temperatures differ in their amino acid sequence and thermal stability. The Gibbs energy of activation tends to be slightly lower in enzyme variants adapted to lower temperatures, but the big change is a decrease in the enthalpy of activation, with a corresponding change in the entropy of activation, both associated with a more open, flexible structure. Despite evolutionary adjustments to individual enzymes involved in intermediary metabolism (ATP regeneration), many whole-organism processes operate faster in tropical ectotherms compared with temperate or polar ectotherms. Examples include locomotion (muscle power output), ATP regeneration (mitochondrial function), nervous conduction and growth.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
3

Houillier, Pascal. Magnesium homeostasis. Edited by Robert Unwin. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199592548.003.0027.

Full text
Abstract:
Magnesium is critically important in the process of energy release. Although most magnesium is stored outside the extracellular fluid compartment, the regulated concentration appears in blood. Urinary magnesium excretion can decrease rapidly to low values when magnesium entry rate into the extracellular fluid volume is low, which has several important implications: cell and bone magnesium do not play a major role in the defence of blood magnesium concentration; while a major role is played by the kidney and especially the renal tubule, which adapts to match the urinary magnesium excretion and net entry of magnesium into extracellular fluid. In the kidney, magnesium is reabsorbed in the proximal tubule, the thick ascending limb of the loop of Henle (TALH), and the distal convoluted tubule (DCT). Magnesium absorption is mainly paracellular in the proximal tubule and TALH, whereas it is transcellular in the DCT. The hormone(s) regulating renal magnesium transport and blood magnesium concentration are not fully understood. Renal tubular magnesium transport is altered by a number of hormones, mainly in the TALH and DCT. Parathyroid hormone, calcitonin, arginine vasopressin, ß-adrenergic agonists, and epidermal growth factor, all increase renal tubular magnesium reabsorption; in contrast, prostaglandin E2 decreases magnesium reabsorption. Non-hormonal factors also influence magnesium reabsorption: it is decreased by high blood concentrations of calcium and magnesium, probably via the action of divalent cations on the calcium-sensing receptor; metabolic acidosis decreases, and metabolic alkalosis increases, renal magnesium reabsorption.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
4

Aguilera-Cobos, Lorena, Rebeca Isabel-Gómez, and Juan Antonio Blasco-Amaro. Efectividad de la limitación de la movilidad en la evolución de la pandemia por Covid-19. AETSA Área de Evaluación de Tecnologías Sanitarias de Andalucía, Fundación Progreso y salud. Consejería de Salud y Familias. Junta de Andalucía, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.52766/pyui7071.

Full text
Abstract:
Introduction During the Covid-19 pandemic, non-pharmacological interventions (NPIs) aimed to minimise the spread of the virus as much as possible to avoid the most severe cases and the collapse of health systems. These measures included mobility restrictions in several countries, including Spain. Objective To assess the impact of mobility constraints on incidence, transmission, severe cases and mortality in the evolution of the Covid-19 pandemic. These constraints include: • Mandatory home confinement. • - Recommendation to stay at home. • - Perimeter closures for entry and/or exit from established areas. • - Restriction of night-time mobility (curfew). Methodology Systematic literature review, including documents from official bodies, systematic reviews and meta-analyses. The following reference databases were consulted until October 2021 (free and controlled language): Medline, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, TripDB, Epistemonikos, Royal college of London, COVID-end, COVID-19 Evidence Reviews, WHO, ECDC and CDC. Study selection and quality analysis were performed by two independent researchers. References were filtered firstly by title and abstract and secondly by full text in the Covidence tool using a priori inclusion and exclusion criteria. Synthesis of the results was done qualitatively. The quality of the included studies was assessed using the AMSTAR-II tool. Results The literature search identified 642 studies, of which 38 were excluded as duplicates. Of the 604 potentially relevant studies, 12 studies (10 systematic reviews and 2 official agency papers) were included in the analysis after filtering. One of the official agency papers was from the European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC) and the other paper was from the Ontario Agency for Health Promotion and Protection (OHP). The result of the quality assessment with the AMSTAR-II tool of the included systematic reviews was: 3 reviews of moderate quality, 6 reviews of low quality and 1 review of critically low quality. The interventions analysed in the included studies were divided into 2 categories: the first category comprised mandatory home confinement, recommendation to stay at home and curfew, and the second category comprised perimeter blocking of entry and/or exit (local, cross-community, national or international). This division is because the included reviews analysed the measures of mandatory home confinement, advice to stay at home and curfew together without being able to carry out a disaggregated analysis. The included systematic reviews for the evaluation of home confinement, stay-at-home advice and curfew express a decrease in incidence levels, transmission and severe cases following the implementation of mobility limitation interventions compared to the no measure comparator. These conclusions are supported by the quantitative or qualitative results of the studies they include. All reviews also emphasise that to increase the effectiveness of these restrictions it is necessary to combine them with other public health measures. In the systematic reviews included for the assessment of entry and/or exit perimeter closure, most of the studies included in the reviews were found to be modelling studies based on mathematical models. All systematic reviews report a decrease in incidence, transmission and severe case levels following the implementation of travel restriction interventions. The great heterogeneity of travel restrictions applied, such as travel bans, border closures, passenger testing or screening, mandatory quarantine of travellers or optional recommendations for travellers to stay at home, makes data analysis and evaluation of interventions difficult. Conclusions Mobility restrictions in the development of the Covid-19 pandemic were one of the main NPI measures implemented. It can be concluded from the review that there is evidence for a positive impact of NPIs on the development of the COVID-19 pandemic. The heterogeneity of the data from the included studies and their low quality make it difficult to assess the effectiveness of mobility limitations in a disaggregated manner. Despite this, all the included reviews show a decrease in incidence, transmission, hospitalisations and deaths following the application of the measures under study. These measures are more effective when the restrictions were implemented earlier in the pandemic, were applied for a longer period and were more rigorous in their application.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Book chapters on the topic "Entropy decrease"

1

Dietz, H. G., and T. I. Mattox. "Compiler Optimizations Using Data Compression to Decrease Address Reference Entropy." In Languages and Compilers for Parallel Computing, 126–41. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/11596110_9.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
2

Maher, Timothy J., and Paul J. Kiritsy. "Aspartame Administration Decreases the Entry of α-Methyldopa into the Brain of Rats." In Dietary Phenylalanine and Brain Function, 122–26. Boston, MA: Birkhäuser Boston, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-9821-3_13.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
3

Cioffi, Antonietta, Fedele Cuculo, Lucia Di Nucci, and Gianmarco Orlando. "The economic-environmental impact analysis in the choice of the management of the dredging materials od a port basin in relation to the classification and the quality of the same: the experience of the port of Termoli (2018)." In Proceedings e report, 656–65. Florence: Firenze University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.36253/978-88-5518-147-1.65.

Full text
Abstract:
The work to be illustrated shows the comparison of the economic and environmental impact analysis in astudy case: "Dredging work on the seabed of the port of Termoli 2018". The entry into force of Ministerial Decree 173/2016 (ecotoxicological characterization of the sediments of the dredging area and of the diving area led). The new assessment required the search for solutions that summarized the economic aspects, linked to the financing available, and the adoption of a new technology that would allow a system process aimed at a better environmental protection.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
4

Gianinetti, Alberto. "More a Matter of Lost Work Than of Waste Heat." In An Account of Thermodynamic Entropy, 31–40. BENTHAM SCIENCE PUBLISHERS, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/9781681083933117010007.

Full text
Abstract:
It is further highlighted that the concept of work represents a more general way to see what entropy is. That is, the idea of work offers a better framework to understand entropy. A fundamental observation in classical mechanics is that a system is at equilibrium when no work can be done by it. The capability of a system to do work is inversely linked to its stability, which then can be considered to be equivalent to the inertness of the system. Thus, equilibration, stability and inertness are all aspects of the same feature of a system, and such feature is measured in terms of entropy. An equilibrated, stable, and inert system has the highest value of entropy it can reach, and any departure from these conditions results in a decrease of entropy. Therefore, work availability and entropy are inversely linked: the maximal entropy is attained when no work can be done.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
5

Yang, Chen Ning, and Chen Ping Yang. "DOES VIOLATION OF MICROSCOPIC TIME-REVERSAL INVARIANCE LEAD TO THE POSSIBILITY OF ENTROPY DECREASE?" In Selected Papers of Chen Ning Yang II, 36–42. WORLD SCIENTIFIC, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/9789814449021_0007.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
6

Marzougui, Souad, and Mourad Magherbi. "Irreversibility and Heat Transfer in Darcy-Forchheimer Magnetized Flow in a Porous Double Lid-Driven Cavity Filled With Copper-Water Nanofluid." In Advances in the Modelling of Thermodynamic Systems, 134–53. IGI Global, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-8801-7.ch008.

Full text
Abstract:
The present work reports a numerical simulation of entropy generation and heat transfer in a lid-driven porous cavity filled with a nanofluid using Darcy-Forchheimer model. Given the large number of dimensionless parameters related to this problem, some of them are kept constant and therefore the other governing dimensionless number such as number, the Hartman number, and the nanoparticles volume fraction, 0£Ha£50, 2%£φ£8%, respectively. The effects of the nanoparticles volume fraction and Hartman number on the different irreversibilities are studied. Results show that the entropy generation is strongly affected by the increase of Hartmann number and the volume fraction. Results reveal that the irreversibility in the nanofluid decrease with the nanoparticle volume fraction for different Hartmann numbers.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
7

Duncan, Anthony, and Michel Janssen. "Planck, the Second Law of Thermodynamics, and Black‐body Radiation." In Constructing Quantum Mechanics, 45–83. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198845478.003.0002.

Full text
Abstract:
Planck’s work on black‐body radiation grew out of a failed attempt to use electrodynamics to show that entropy can never decrease, i.e., that the second law of thermodynamics is not just a statistical but a strict law of nature. This original interest is reflected in his approach to the problem of black‐body radiation. Planck derived the formula for the spectral distribution of black‐body radiation from the formula for the entropy of a resonator interacting with the radiation at its resonance frequency. He initially chose an entropy formula that gave him a black‐body radiation formula proposed by Wien. Deviations from this Wien law at low frequencies led him to adopt a new entropy formula, which gives a law that reduces to the Wien law at high frequencies and to (what is now known as) the Rayleigh‐Jeans law at low frequencies. This new Planck law agreed remarkably well with all experimental data. Planck thus set out to find a derivation of the entropy formula leading to it. Although he continued to resist Boltzmann’s statistical interpretation of the second law for another decade, Planck borrowed some of Boltzmann’s techniques for this derivation. The derivation critically depends on energy elements with sizes proportional to the frequency of the radiation and Planck’s constant as the proportionality constant. Planck’s papers of 1900–01, however, leave open the question of how these energy elements are to be interpreted.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
8

Jemmali, Mosbah, and Lotfi Bessais. "Effect of M Substitution on Structural, Magnetic and Magnetocaloric Properties of R2Fe17-x Mx (R = Gd, Nd; M = Co, Cu) Solid Solutions." In Magnetic Skyrmions. IntechOpen, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.96299.

Full text
Abstract:
The structure, magnetic and magnetocaloric properties of Nd2Fe17−xCox (x = 0; 1; 2; 3, 4) and Gd2Fe17-xCux (x = 0, 0.5, 1 and 1.5) solid solutions have been studied. For this purpose, these samples were prepared by arc melting and subsequent annealing at 1073 K for a 7 days. Structural analysis by Rietveld method on X-ray diffraction (XRD) have determined that these alloys crystallize in the rhombohedral Th2Zn17-type structure (Space group R¯3 m) and the substitution of iron by nickel and copper leads to a decrease in the unit cell volume. The Curie temperature (TC) of the prepared samples depends on the nickel and copper content. Based on the Arrott plot, these analyses show that Nd2Fe17-xCox exhibits a second-order ferromagnetic to paramagnetic phase transition around the Curie temperature. These curves were also used to determine the magnetic entropy change ∆SMax and the relative cooling power. For an applied field of 1.5 T, ∆SMax increase from 3.35 J/kg. K for x = 0 to 5.83 J/kg. K for x = 2. In addition the RCP increases monotonously. This is due to an important temperature range for the magnetic phase transition, contributing to a large ∆SMax shape. Gd2Fe17-xCux solid solution has a reduction of the ferromagnetic phase transition temperature from 475 K (for x = 0) to 460 K (for x = 1.5) is due to the substitution of the magnetic element (Fe) by non-magnetic atoms (Cu). The magnetocaloric effect was determined in the vicinity of the Curie temperature TC. By increasing the Cu content, an increase in the values of magnetic entropy (∆SMax) in a low applied field is observed.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
9

Silva, Jerson L., and Andrea T. Da Poian. "Pressure and Cold Denaturation of Proteins, Protein-DNA Complexes, and Viruses." In High Pressure Effects in Molecular Biophysics and Enzymology. Oxford University Press, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195097221.003.0013.

Full text
Abstract:
The application of hydrostatic pressure provides a means of appraising interprotein and intraprotein interactions isothermally and makes it possible to sample partially folded conformations. A number of proteins exhibit cold denaturation and cold dissociation. We have used the combined effects of pressure and low temperature to promote dissociation or denaturation of single-chain proteins, oligomers, protein-DNA complexes, and viruses. In this article, we summarize results that have biological relevance. The dissociation and denaturation of the hexameric protein, allophycocyanin, are accomplished only when the temperature is decreased to —10 °C, indicating the entropic character of the folding and association reaction. The folding and dimerization of Arc repressor in the temperature range of 0—20 °C is also favored by a large positive entropy that counteracts an unfavorable positive enthalpy. On binding operator DNA, Arc repressor becomes extremely stable against denaturation. However, the Arc repressor-operator DNA complex is cold denatured at subzero temperatures under pressure. The entropy increases greatly when Arc repressor binds tightly to its operator sequence but not to a nonspecific sequence. The dissociation and denaturation of icosahedral viruses by pressure and low temperature also have been studied. The procapsid shells of bacteriophage P22 only dissociate by pressure at temperatures below 0 °C. On the other hand, the monomeric coat protein is very unstable toward pressure. Cowpea mosaic virus (CPMV) dissociates only in the presence of 1.0 M urea, at 2.5 kbar when the temperature is decreased to — 15°C. At temperatures close to — 20 °C, partial denaturation is obtained even in the absence of urea. The assembly of CPMV is related to large and positive variations or enthalpy and entropy, making the assembly of ribonucleoprotein components an entropy-driven process. We conclude that protein folding, protein association, and protein-DNA recognition seem to need positive entropy to occur. We are facing a puzzle in which a final, apparently more ordered state is achieved, a state that paradoxically has more entropy. In the last 20 years, several studies have described the cold denaturation of proteins (Brandts, 1964; Sturtevant, 1977; Privalov et al., 1986; Griko et al., 1988; Chen & Schellman, 1989, and as reviewed in Privalov, 1990). However, unlike thermal denaturation, cold denaturation is not well understood.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
10

Coustasse, Alberto, Joseph Shaffer, David Conley, Julia Coliflower, Stacie Deslich, and Andrew Sikula Sr. "Computer Physician Order Entry (CPOE)." In Healthcare Administration, 726–42. IGI Global, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-4666-6339-8.ch036.

Full text
Abstract:
In an effort to reduce Adverse Drug Events (ADEs) and to improve patient safety, funding has been earmarked to improve the rate of adoption of Computerized Physician Order Entry (CPOE) among healthcare providers. It has been shown that the ordering stage of medications is where most medication errors and preventable ADEs occur. The purpose of this study was to examine the implementation CPOE systems in hospitals to determine benefits and concerns of this technology in the United States healthcare system. A review of the literature published in the last 13 years (since 2000) in the English language was performed to complete this investigation. CPOE has emerged as a valuable tool to improve medical efficiency and to decrease medication errors and ADEs. Efficiencies were found to reduce the overall workload of nurses, clerical workers and pharmacists. CPOE has proven to be a secure way of transferring physician orders electronically thus helping hospitals and physicians practice a more effective and better quality of care with less medical errors which has led to decreased operating expenses. While barriers such as lack of professional buy in, and cost of implementation have hindered the widespread use and growth of CPOE systems, these barriers are being overcome with the financial incentives from the HITECH Act, and with the increased savings of CPOE implementation, which may motivate more healthcare systems to adopt CPOE.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Conference papers on the topic "Entropy decrease"

1

Vallve, Joan, and Juan Andrade-Cetto. "Dense entropy decrease estimation for mobile robot exploration." In 2014 IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation (ICRA). IEEE, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icra.2014.6907755.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
2

An, Dawn, Nam Ho Kim, and Jooh Choi. "Bearing Prognostics Method Based on Entropy Decrease at Specific Frequency." In 18th AIAA Non-Deterministic Approaches Conference. Reston, Virginia: American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/6.2016-1678.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
3

Whaley, P. W. "Critical Entropy Threshold: An Irreversible Thermodynamic Theory of Fatigue." In ASME 2012 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2012-85435.

Full text
Abstract:
A theoretical model for material fatigue is described using irreversible thermodynamics to quantify fatigue damage by the generation of microplastic entropy. The microplastic entropy generated quantifies the microplastic deformation, commonly accepted as the mechanism of fatigue damage in polycrystalline materials. A stochastic model for microplastic deformation is utilized to calculate the expected values of tensile stress–strain, cyclic stress–strain, microplastic strain energy density and the microplastic entropy generated. When the cumulative microplastic entropy generated in cyclic loading exceeds the critical microplastic entropy threshold calculated from tensile tests, failure occurs. Calculated fatigue life with 99% tolerance limits (99% confidence) compares favorably to data for 6061-T6 aluminum rod and sheet specimens. Model parameters are determined from tensile tests and simple cyclic tests, decreasing the high cost of fatigue testing for parameter identification. This new theory has the potential to significantly decrease the cost of characterizing the fatigue properties of new materials.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
4

Sadeghi, Arman, Mostafa Baghani, and Mohammad Hassan Saidi. "Entropy Generation in Thermally Developing Laminar Forced Convection Through a Slit Microchannel." In ASME 2010 8th International Conference on Nanochannels, Microchannels, and Minichannels collocated with 3rd Joint US-European Fluids Engineering Summer Meeting. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/fedsm-icnmm2010-31070.

Full text
Abstract:
The issue of entropy generation in laminar forced convection of a Newtonian fluid through a slit microchannel is analytically investigated by taking the viscous dissipation effect, the slip velocity and the temperature jump at the wall into account. Flow is considered to be hydrodynamically fully developed but thermally developing. The energy equation is solved by means of integral transform. The results demonstrate that to increase Knudsen number is to decrease entropy generation, while the effect of increasing values of Brinkman number and the group parameter is to increase entropy generation. Also it is disclosed that in the thermal entrance region the average entropy generation number over the cross section of channel is an increasing function of axial coordinate.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
5

Wang, Peng, Robert X. Gao, Huaqing Wang, and Hongfang Yuan. "Defect Growth Prediction in Rolling Bearings Based on Approximate Entropy." In ASME 2013 Dynamic Systems and Control Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/dscc2013-3907.

Full text
Abstract:
By quantifying the regularity vibration signals measured on rolling bearings, Approximate Entropy (ApEn) provides an effective measure for characterizing the structural degradation of bearings, and the severity of the defect. This paper investigates the relationship between ApEn and different failure modes of bearings. It is shown that. ApEn values decrease with the degradation of bearing defects. After introducing the theoretical background, experimental analysis are presented to quantify variation of ApEn values as a measure for defect mode and severity. A life cycle experiment is introduced to evaluate a defect growth precondition model based on regression analysis and Genetic Algorithm. Results show that ApEn is effective for bearing defect diagnosis and remaining service life prognosis.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
6

Nechipurenko, Y. D., A. S. Buchelnikov, and I. A. Lavrinenko. "COOPERATIVE EFFECTS IN BINDING OF LIGANDS TO BIOPOLYMERS." In NOVEL TECHNOLOGIES IN MEDICINE, BIOLOGY, PHARMACOLOGY AND ECOLOGY. Institute of information technology, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.47501/978-5-6044060-2-1.257-261.

Full text
Abstract:
Models and methods of statistical thermodynamics and physical adsorption theory allow us to quantitate cooperative interactions between ligand molecules adsorbed on a macromol-ecule, in particular allosteric effects described in detail in oxygen binding to hemoglobin. We show how the Hill equation can be modified and how the Hill coefficient can be interpreted. On the other hand, the entropy of the adsorption system allows us to visualize cooperative binding processes. Cooperative interactions lead to a decrease in the entropy of the system and an increase in the information it contains.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
7

ShangGuan, Danhua, Weihua Yan, Junxia Wei, Zhiming Gao, Yibing Chen, and Zhicheng Ji. "Efficient Dynamic Monte Carlo Simulation in Multi-Physics Coupling Calculation." In 2022 29th International Conference on Nuclear Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icone29-93460.

Full text
Abstract:
Abstract If particle transport is included in some multi-physics calculation, Monte Carlo method is often used to simulate it and occupies the largest amount of calculation time. So, efficient dynamic Monte Carlo simulation for time-dependent particle transport problem is important, which is inevitably relied on large-scale parallel calculation. Two methods are proposed in this paper. The one is a tally-reduce algorithm which is used in the coupling of transport simulation and burn-up calculation. By reduces the amount of data which should be reduced necessary, this method can decrease the tally-reduce time largely. It can be seen as a new coupling mode for these two processes in MPI environment and will has larger value in cases when model scale is larger relatively compared to sample size. The other method is an adaptive method for setting the sample size of Monte Carlo simulation. Relying on the generalization of the Shannon entropy concept and an on-the-fly diagnosis rule for a entropy value sequence, the adaptive method proposed in this paper can decrease the original huge sample scale to a reasonable level. By numerical test for some non-trivial examples, both algorithms can decrease the calculation time largely while make the results almost unchanged.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
8

Nielsen, S. M., H. A. Hougaard, and O. Balling. "Uncertainty Quantification With Maximum Entropy Method for Fatigue Life Estimation." In ASME 2020 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2020-22728.

Full text
Abstract:
Abstract Use of high-fidelity fatigue models that incorporate not only material uncertainty but also part variability and operational uncertainties can improve the accuracy of predictive maintenance and thus decrease operational cost. However, due to the large number of computationally expensive cost function evaluations necessary, little work has been done to explore this field. In this research, the expected life probability distributions with low computational cost is estimated through a general statistical framework that applies Maximum Entropy Method (MEM), fractional statistical moments and Multiplicative Dimensional Reduction (M-DRM). The framework is tested on advanced models of a 6204 SKF ball bearing. The influence of critical part tolerances and load conditions on fatigue life with a probability density function with only 80 function evaluations is quantified in both a finite element analysis and a non-linear analytical model. The number of function evaluations is one order of magnitude lower than necessary for a comparable accuracy achieved by Monte Carlo simulation.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
9

Mortazavi, Vahid, Pradeep L. Menezes, and Michael Nosonovsky. "Studies of Shannon Entropy Evolution due to Self-Organization During the Running-In." In ASME/STLE 2011 International Joint Tribology Conference. ASMEDC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ijtc2011-61231.

Full text
Abstract:
When frictional sliding is initiated, the coefficient of friction is often high during the initial transient running-in process. After that, the coefficient of friction reaches its stationary value. Running-in is interpreted as friction-induced self-organization stage in that two sliding surfaces adjust to each other due to surface roughness evolution. Shannon entropy was proposed as a surface roughness parameter, and its decrease can be used as a simple test for self-organization. Sliding experiments were conducted on the hard steel plate using a soft Al-Mg alloy pin under both dry and lubricated conditions. Based on the results of the surface profile evolution, obtained by an optical profilometer, during running-in, we discuss change of Shannon entropy for various surface textures. Various textures which are characterized in terms of roughness parameters were produced on the steel plates. We compare how self-organization occurs for different textures during running-in stage.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
10

Lyubimov, D. N., V. L. Patsekha, and A. V. Patsekha. "QUANTUM MECHANISMS OF TRIBOSYSTEMS THERMODYNAMIC EVOLUTION." In BALTTRIB. Aleksandras Stulginskis University, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.15544/balttrib.2017.33.

Full text
Abstract:
It is noted that while analyzing the tribosystems evolution it is potentially productive to use the methods of modern thermodynamics, nonlinear mechanics and quantum theory. Using the understandings of nonlinear dynamics and quantum-exchange interaction of solids surfaces an analytical expression is obtained for calculating the magnitude change of the tribosystems entropy. The expression for estimating the change in the tribosystems entropy is explicitly contained the tribotechnical parameter that is reciprocal to the wear. The case of relation between the tribosystems entropy change (decrease) and its wear resistance is analytically confirmed. The analytical expression for estimating the entropy change contains only those mechanical and physical parameters that can be measured by using modern physical methods. This allows to do not only an experimental verification of the obtained analytical dependence but also numerically evaluate the influence of the parameters of the tribosystems basic elements and its operating modes on the entropy values. In addition, it is possible to evaluate the tribosystems evolution itself and its constituent elements in the direction of their development or degradation. The obtained in this case data will allow proposing corrective structural and technological measures aimed to extend operational life of degrading elements and the tribosystem as a whole.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Reports on the topic "Entropy decrease"

1

Talamas Marcos, Miguel Ángel. Preliminary Evidence of Surviving Competition: Neighborhood Shops vs. Convenience Chains. Inter-American Development Bank, September 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0004453.

Full text
Abstract:
Hundreds of millions of microenterprises in emerging economies face increased competition from the entry and expansion of large firms that offer similar products. This paper studies how one of the worlds most prevalent microenterprises, neighborhood shops, confront competition from convenience chains (e.g., 7-Eleven) in Mexico. To address the endogeneity in time and location of chains store openings, I pair two-way fixed effects with a novel instrument that, at the neighborhood level, shifts the profitability of chains but not of shops. An expansion from zero to the average number of chain stores in a neighborhood reduces the number of shops by 16%. Consistent with the theoretical framework, this reduction is not driven by an increase in shop exit but by a decrease in shop entry. Shops retain their sales of fresh products and 96% of their customers, but customers visit shops less often and spend less on non-fresh and packed goods. I present evidence consistent with shops surviving by exploiting comparative advantages stemming from being small and owner-operated, such as lower agency costs, building relationships with the community, and offering informal credit.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
2

Rokhideh, Maryam. Leveraging the Peacebuilding Potential of Cross-border Trader Networks in Sub-Saharan Africa. RESOLVE Network, July 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.37805/pn2021.17.lpbi.

Full text
Abstract:
Cross-border trade plays a prominent role in economic, social, and political life in Sub-Saharan Africa, contributing significantly to development, poverty reduction, and job creation. Across the continent, cross-border trade accounts for 43 percent of the entire population’s income. As actors embedded in licit and illicit networks at local and regional levels, cross-border traders have the potential to fuel conflict or mitigate it. They can act as spoilers, supporting armed groups and war economies, or as peace intermediaries, negotiating peace deals and bridging conflict divides across communities. Given that most armed conflicts in Sub-Saharan Africa are shaped by cross-border dynamics, cross-border traders present an underexamined yet critical point of entry for analyzing and addressing conflicts and should be included in new and ongoing peacebuilding programming. This policy note provides recommendations on how policymakers can leverage the untapped peacebuilding potential of cross-border traders and decrease their spoiling power.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
3

Murguia, Juan M., Pablo Ordoñez, Leonardo Corral, and Gilmar Navarrete-Chacón. Payment for Ecosystem Services in Costa Rica: Evaluation of a Country-wide Program. Inter-American Development Bank, May 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0004259.

Full text
Abstract:
Several countries have implemented payment-for-ecosystem-services (PES) programs, buoyed by the promise of these programs as a win-win strategy that would allow both the conservation of natural resources, and the reduction of poverty for rural households and communities. Our study evaluates the effect on deforestation of Costa Rica's PES program, one of the oldest country-wide programs in the world. Costa Rica approved the 1996 Forest Law (Law No. 7575), creating a PES program that compensates landowners for forest conservation. We estimate these effects using an event study design with staggered entry into treatment. Our results show a statistically significant effect for the first year with a decrease in deforestation of 0.21 ha, but not for the following years. Given that the baseline level of deforestation in our sample is low, the magnitude of the effect is large. When compared to the pre-2016 average level of within farm deforestation, our estimated effect would imply a 100% reduction in deforestation for the first year after enrollment. Given the program pays the participants for a 5-year period, and that the effect is significant only during the first year, it may be beneficial for the program to reduce its length and implement required simplified annual contract renewals or other behavioral interventions to reduce noncompliance in subsequent years.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
4

Elroy-Stein, Orna, and Dmitry Belostotsky. Mechanism of Internal Initiation of Translation in Plants. United States Department of Agriculture, December 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2010.7696518.bard.

Full text
Abstract:
Original objectives Elucidation of PABP's role in crTMV148 IRES function in-vitro using wheat germ extract and krebs-2 cells extract. Fully achieved. Elucidation of PABP's role in crTMV148 IRES function in-vivo in Arabidopsis. Characterization of the physical interactions of PABP and other potential ITAFs with crTMV148 IRES. Partly achieved. To conduct search for additional ITAFs using different approaches and evaluate the candidates. Partly achieved. Background of the topic The power of internal translation via the activity of internal ribosomal entry site (IRES) elements allow coordinated synthesis of multiple gene products from a single transcription unit, and thereby enables to bypass the need for sequential transformation with multiple independent transgenes. The key goal of this project was to identify and analyze the IRES-trans-acting factors (ITAFs) that mediate the activity of a crucifer-infecting tobamovirus (crTMV148) IRES. The remarkable conservation of the IRES activity across the phylogenetic spectrum (yeast, plants and animals) strongly suggests that key ITAFs that mediate its activity are themselves highly conserved. Thus, crTMV148 IRES offers opportunity for elucidation of the fundamental mechanisms underlying internal translation in higher plants in order to enable its rational manipulation for the purpose of agricultural biotechnology. Major conclusions and achievements. - CrTMV IRES requires PABP for maximal activity. This conclusion was achieved by PABP depletion and reconstitution of wheat germ- and Krebs2-derived in-vitro translation assays using Arabidopsis-derived PABP2, 3, 5, 8 and yeast Pab1p. - Mutations in the internal polypurine tract of the IRES decrease the high-affinity binding of all phylogenetically divergent PABPs derived from Arabidopsis and yeast in electro mobility gel shift assays. - Mutations in the internal polypurine tract decrease IRES activity in-vivo. - The 3'-poly(A) tail enhances crTMV148 IRES activity more efficiently in the absence of 5'-methylated cap. - In-vivo assembled RNPs containing proteins specifically associated with the IRES were purified from HEK293 cells using the RNA Affinity in Tandem (RAT) approach followed by their identification by mass spectroscopy. - This study yielded a list of potential protein candidates that may serve as ITAFs of crTMV148 IRES activity, among them are a/b tubulin, a/g actin, GAPDH, enolase 1, ribonuclease/angiogenin inhibitor 1, 26S proteasome subunit p45, rpSA, eEF1Bδ, and proteasome b5 subunit. Implications, both scientific and agriculture. The fact that the 3'-poly(A) tail enhances crTMV148 IRES activity more efficiently in the absence of 5'-methylated cap suggests a potential joint interaction between PABP, the IRES sequence and the 3'-poly(A). This has an important scientific implication related to IRES function in general.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
5

Dubcovsky, Jorge, Tzion Fahima, and Ann Blechl. Molecular characterization and deployment of the high-temperature adult plant stripe rust resistance gene Yr36 from wheat. United States Department of Agriculture, November 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2013.7699860.bard.

Full text
Abstract:
Stripe rust, caused by Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici is one of the most destructive fungal diseases of wheat. Virulent races that appeared within the last decade caused drastic cuts in yields. The incorporation of genetic resistance against this pathogen is the most cost-effective and environmentally friendly solution to this problem. However, race specific seedling resistance genes provide only a temporary solution because fungal populations rapidly evolve to overcome this type of resistance. In contrast, high temperature adult plant (HTAP) resistance genes provide a broad spectrum resistance that is partial and more durable. The cloning of the first wheat HTAP stripe rust resistance gene Yr36 (Science 2009, 323:1357), funded by our previous (2007-2010) BARD grant, provided us for the first time with an entry point for understanding the mechanism of broad spectrum resistance. Two paralogous copies of this gene are tightly linked at the Yr36 locus (WKS1 and WKS2). The main objectives of the current study were to characterize the Yr36 (WKS) resistance mechanism and to identify and characterize alternative WKSgenes in wheat and wild relatives. We report here that the protein coded by Yr36, designated WKS1, that has a novel architecture with a functional kinase and a lipid binding START domain, is localized to chloroplast. Our results suggest that the presence of the START domain may affect the kinase activity. We have found that the WKS1 was over-expressed on leaf necrosis in wheat transgenic plants. When the isolated WKS1.1 splice variant transcript was transformed into susceptible wheat it conferred resistance to stripe rust, but the truncated variant WKS1.2 did not confer resistance. WKS1.1 and WKS1.2 showed different lipid binding profiling. WKS1.1 enters the chloroplast membrane, while WKS1.2 is only attached outside of the chloroplast membrane. The ascorbate peroxidase (APX) activity of the recombinant protein of TmtAPXwas found to be reduced by WKS1.1 protein in vitro. The WKS1.1 mature protein in the chloroplast is able to phosphorylate TmtAPXprotein in vivo. WKS1.1 induced cell death by suppressing APX activity and reducing the ability of the cell to detoxify reactive oxygen. The decrease of APX activity reduces the ability of the plant to detoxify the reactive H2O2 and is the possible mechanism underlying the accelerated cell death observed in the transgenic plants overexpressing WKS1.1 and in the regions surrounding a stripe rust infection in the wheat plants carrying the natural WKS1.1 gene. WKS2 is a nonfunctional paralog of WKS1 in wild emmer wheat, probably due to a retrotransposon insertion close to the alternative splicing site. In some other wild relatives of wheat, such as Aegilops comosa, there is only one copy of this gene, highly similar to WKS2, which is lucking the retrotransposon insertion. WKS2 gene present in wheat and WKS2-Ae from A. showed a different pattern of alternative splice variants, regardless of the presence of the retrotransposon insertion. Susceptible Bobwhite transformed with WKS2-Ae (without retrotansposon insertion in intron10), which derived from Aegilops comosaconferred resistance to stripe rust in wheat. The expression of WKS2-Ae in transgenic plants is up-regulated by temperature and pathogen infection. Combination of WKS1 and WKS2-Ae shows improved stripe rust resistance in WKS1×WKS2-Ae F1 hybrid plants. The obtained results show that WKS1 protein is accelerating programmed cell death observed in the regions surrounding a stripe rust infection in the wheat plants carrying the natural or transgenic WKS1 gene. Furthermore, characterization of the epistatic interactions of Yr36 and Yr18 demonstrated that these two genes have additive effects and can therefore be combined to increase partial resistance to this devastating pathogen of wheat. These achievements may have a broad impact on wheat breeding efforts attempting to protect wheat yields against one of the most devastating wheat pathogen.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
You might also be interested in the extended bibliographies on the topic 'Entropy decrease' for particular source types:
Journal articles
We offer discounts on all premium plans for authors whose works are included in thematic literature selections. Contact us to get a unique promo code!

To the bibliography