Dissertations / Theses: 'Entreprenurship Empowerment and Development'

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Keleher, Loretta Wills. "Empowerment and development." College Park, Md.: University of Maryland, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1903/7584.

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Thesis (Ph. D.) -- University of Maryland, College Park, 2007.
Thesis research directed by: Dept. of Philosophy. Title from t.p. of PDF. Includes bibliographical references. Published by UMI Dissertation Services, Ann Arbor, Mich. Also available in paper.

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Leeson, Kate. "Women, development and empowerment /." Title page, contents and abstract only, 1995. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09AR/09arl4868.pdf.

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TerMaat, Richard J. "Community empowerment through economic development." Theological Research Exchange Network (TREN), 1995. http://www.tren.com.

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TURNER, YHANA JANENE. "CINCINNATI EMPOWERMENT ZONE: RECOMMENDATIONS FOR ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2002. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1022594616.

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Bundy, Robin. "Empowerment in the development of teaching competence." Thesis, University of Bath, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.299685.

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Subasat, Jasmine Yoko. "Salvadoran women's empowerment : adult literacy as development." Thesis, SOAS, University of London, 2007. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.443824.

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Grealish, Annmarie. "The development of the Youth Empowerment Scale." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2014. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/the-development-of-the-youth-empowerment-scale(89eacd8b-691f-4f28-aca8-068c5882595f).html.

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This study developed and validated the Youth Empowerment Scale (YES) for young people with psychosis. This PhD thesis consisted of four phases. Phase 1 conceptualised empowerment from the perspective of young people with psychosis. Phase 1 qualitative findings informed the development of the measurement of empowerment; the Youth empowerment Scale (YES). Phase 2 developed and validated the YES in a non-clinical population. Phase 3 explored the relationship between psychological processes (self-efficacy, control, coping, thinking style, and social support), empowerment, mental health wellbeing and recovery. The YES was then validated again in phase 4 on a clinical population, young people within Child and Adolescents Mental Health Services (CAMHS). This study confirmed that the YES is a valid and reliable measure of empowerment which can be used in future work identifying and supporting empowerment for young people with psychosis.

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Thorén, Kent. "Corporate Entrepreneurship as a Business Development Strategy." Doctoral thesis, KTH, Industriell ekonomi och organisation (Inst.), 2007. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-4536.

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Previous research has generated a substantial body of knowledge regarding the exploration and exploitation of opportunities, two of the main manifest activities of entrepreneurship. This thesis does not primarily examine any of these activities; instead it investigates an important question regarding what happens between them. It seeks to answer why some of the identified opportunities are selected for exploitation. It does so by building on, and contributing to, a research stream that struggles with the link between the entrepreneurial activity of firms and theory about strategy. One of the main contributions of this thesis is the identification of a number of strategic motive dimensions that are associated with the pursuit of corporate ventures. It also demonstrates how these motives are related to significant venture differences, thereby connecting corporate entrepreneurship to strategy in a means-ends relationship. In other words, it provides insight into how strategy is the why of entrepreneurship, and entrepreneurship is the how of strategies (that involve business development). The analysis was based on quantitative data from 274 venture attempts in 222 firms, belonging to a population of 1737 small- and medium-sized manufacturing firms in Sweden. Target respondents were the CEO:s. The findings indicate that venture selection can be influenced by both offensive and defensive strategic motives. In addition, it turned out that ventures can be of both proactive and reactive nature. Together, these two dimensions describe how the venture relates to the firm’s strategic circumstances. To better understand top managers’ intentions, the two dimensions were complimented with measurements of what the firm tries to affect with the venture, i.e. to which facet of business the venture efforts are directed (economy, competition, or competence development). The three dimensions, identified through factor analysis, were labeled “posture”, “adaptive style”, and “orientation”. Alternative non-strategic motives, as well as items for validity evaluation, were included in the survey for comparison. Combinations of the motive dimensions were then presented as “motive profiles”, for four types of ventures identified through clustering techniques. Furthermore, another important contribution is the examination of Roberts & Berry’s hypothesis: That the extent and direction of business development determine the amount of uncertainty faced during venture execution, which in turn is proposed to influence the probability of a positive outcome. Regarding these issues, the study was able to refine the mixed findings in previous research, through the investigation of larger firm- and venture-level samples. The obtained results imply that the distance between the venture and the current business of the firm, in terms of products and technologies, is unimportant for venture outcome. However, a small negative effect of market uncertainty, in turn related to market development distance, was confirmed.
QC 20100820

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Suadnya, I. Wayan. "Power in empowerment : who wields it ? : an analysis of empowerment programs in coastal Lombok, Indonesia / y I Wayan Suadnya." [St. Lucia, Qld.], 2006. http://www.library.uq.edu.au/pdfserve.php?image=thesisabs/absthe19455.pdf.

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Eldridge, Zulema. "The Empowerment of a Forgotten Population." Thesis, The George Washington University, 2018. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10283439.

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Maslow's hierarchy of needs identifies shelter (specifically safety and security) as a basic need that motivates people to continue through life. Many Americans are at risk of losing this basic need, yet we continue to stigmatize specific groups of people based on their inability to secure permanent housing. The integration of crisis intervention, resource networking, education, and empowerment into a supportive housing strategy in Washington, DC could reduce chronic homelessness.

Homelessness is a major issue that does not receive adequate attention in most cities. As gentrification continues, affordable housing is rapidly declining, placing longtime residents at risk of being displaced. An issue that can't be overlooked, homelessness contributes to social issues such as crime and violence. There are several stages of homelessness; therefore, multiple approaches must be developed to combat the issue at different points in the cycle. While an intervention may be successful in only one stage of the cycle, it could potentially provide the answers to questions surrounding other stages of homelessness.

This thesis will explore the causes of homelessness and only its associated problems. By identifying some of these problems and shedding light on some of the causes of homelessness (and realizing that those issues are present throughout society), this thesis will identify why it is important to create supportive housing and how this type of approach will help end chronic homelessness.

To develop a solution to this problem this thesis will use correlational research, observational research, qualitative data and quantitative data to identify the current homeless population, and the potential growth of the population within specific geographic areas. This information will help me identify a site and develop a replicable housing solution that will reduce the number of destitute residents, as well as potentially provide strategies for reducing the homeless population.

It has been determined that supportive housing, along with consideration for sustainability and several factors that affect the human psyche, will help end homelessness, which is costly in a small city such as Washington, DC. This thesis will explore supportive housing as one solution to chronic homelessness.

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Smith, Roger. "Human Development and Youth Empowerment in the Caribbean community." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2008. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.508916.

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Pacheco, Pedro. "Rinconada : a study of resident empowerment for community development." Virtual Press, 2003. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/1272426.

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The purpose of this study in 2002-2003 was to explore the relationships between individual and community empowerment and community development as reported by five government officials of the City of Oaxaca, Mexico, and by three community leaders, two NGO representatives, and three residents of Rinconada, an urban neighborhood on the outskirt of Oaxaca City. This study documents the dynamics of the Committee for Urban Life (COMVIVE), a community development program founded under the principle of resident participation. More specifically, this study describes the ways by which residents of the developing community of Rinconada were empowered by COMVIVE to participate substantially in community development initiatives.The Case Study research methodology was used to identify the setting, the unit of analysis, and the informants. Ethnographic procedures such as interviews, participant observation, and analysis of documents were used to collect, analyze, and report the evidence. Further analysis of the evidence was done with the help of ATLAS.ti, a computer program that allowed faster retrieval of interview information.The evidence presented suggests that the COMVIVE principles, structure, and process contributed to residents' empowerment to take action for community development. The COMVIVE program and its coordinators recognized and used the community organizational structure as the basis for resident participation, provided residents with a network of agencies and experts to access information and resources to undertake their projects, formed partnerships with residents and local NGOs, facilitated democratic decisions, provided tools to make development processes transparent and democratic, had a direct contact with residents, and facilitated residents participation in the decision-making process.The evidence also suggests that resident empowerment for community development is much more that involvement. It entails residents' control of their projects and responsibility to obtain appropriate information for decision making. In the context of low-income human settlements, having appropriate information is important for residents as they take actions to improve their living environments. Additional studies about empowerment for environmental improvement would add value to this study and inform practitioners to help plan and implement meaningful development programs.
Department of Educational Leadership

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Taghvatalab, Sara. "Essays on Women's Empowerment and Economic Development in Iran." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/82235.

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This dissertation consists of three essays on women empowerment in Iran. In the first two chapters, we examine the impact of the rapid expansion of electricity to rural areas of Iran after the 1979 revolution on two important determinants of women's empowerment, fertility and female literacy. We use the timing of provision of electricity to villages to identify its impact on the child-woman ratio and the literacy rate of adult women and men. We use difference-in-differences (DID) method as well as instrumental variables (IV) to account for the potential endogeneity of electrification. Our findings for the impact of electricity on fertility is highly sensitive to the method of identification. The DID results imply that electrification lowers fertility whereas the IV estimates suggest the opposite. The results on literacy are consistent across estimation methods, both showing that electrification increases female literacy. In the third chapter, we focus on the role of education in the empowerment of women. The positive effects of education on female empowerment through lower fertility and greater labor force participation are well known. Female empowerment is also closely identified with greater participation in market work and access to an independent source of income. In the past two decades Iranian women have increased their education, lowered their fertility, but their labor force participation remains low. In this chapter we examine the role of education in the empowerment of Iranian women through their allocation of time between domestic work, child education, and market work. We find evidence that more educated women spend more time in market related activities and child education, but less in domestic work. The behavior of women in time allocation to market work and childcare exhibits similar patterns and both are quite different from house or domestic work. These findings are consistent with the hypothesis that education empowers women by increasing their ability to earn more income as well as through their ability to invest in the education of their children.
Ph. D.

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Cox, Lillian Sharon. "Teacher empowerment change and Reading Recovery professional development training /." free to MU campus, to others for purchase, 2004. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/mo/fullcit?p3137691.

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Thesis (Ed. D.)--University of Missouri-Columbia, 2004.
Reading Recovery has registered trademark symbol after the "y" in Recovery in title. Typescript. Vita. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 131-144). Also available on the Internet.

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Singh, Swati. "Microcredit, Women, and Empowerment: Evidence From India." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2014. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc699847/.

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Microfinance programs, by providing financial services to economically disadvantaged individuals, generally women, are intended to help poor self-employ and become financially independent. Earlier research in India has documented both positive and negative consequences of microfinance programs on women, from financial independence to domestic abuse. However, most of the research has been geographically limited to the southern states of the country, with a matured microfinance industry, and has given little attention to how variations in cultural practices across different regions of the country may influence the impact of microfinance programs on its members. To fill the gap in the existing literature, three related studies of Indian women were conducted. The first study was a qualitative study of 35 women engaged in microfinance programs in the northern region of India. The study found that women engaged in microfinance programs reported having increased social networks, higher confidence and increased social awareness. The second and third studies used nationally representative data from the National Family Health Survey (NFHS-3) 2005-2006. Controlling for a variety of other individual-level and community-level characteristics, the second study examined if getting a microloan affected women’s access to public spaces, and the third examined if getting such a loan influenced married women’s participation in household decision-making. Both studies further investigated if the microloan effect on these dimensions of women’s empowerment varied by the normative context of woman’s respective communities. The results indicated that, all else equal, women who had ever taken a microloan were more likely to go alone to places outside their home such as market, health clinics and places outside the community compared to women who had never taken such a loan. Getting a microloan also had a positive effect on women’s participation in decisions about large household purchases and husband’s earnings. The hypothesized moderating effect of the normative context of women’s respective communities was found only for women’s participation in decisions about large household purchases. Getting a microloan had a stronger positive effect on women’s participation in these decisions if they lived in communities with restrictive gender norms.

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Simuyandi, Bertha Miyanda. "Youth access to empowerment funds for entrepreneurship in Zambia." Master's thesis, Faculty of Humanities, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/31259.

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Youth unemployment in Zambia is high. According to the Zambia Country Report (2013) by the United Nations Population Fund (UNFPA), approximately 960,000 (16.7 %) of the almost 6 million youths in Zambia are unemployed. This has led to young people engaging in entrepreneurial activities as a means of survival. However, they are faced with difficulties in accessing empowerment funds for entrepreneurship. An exploratory study was conducted in the Lusaka Province of Zambia. The aim of the study was to explore successes and challenges faced by the youth in accessing empowerment funds for entrepreneurship in Zambia. Triangulation of quantitative and qualitative research methods was used for the study. Sampling was done to select the youths that would take part in the quantitative survey. Sixty youths who applied for the empowerment funds were selected to take part in the survey which was done by questionnaire. The software ‘Statistical Package for Social Sciences’ (SPSS) was used for the quantitative data analysis. A Purposive Sampling method was used because the selected youths and stakeholders were considered to be suitable to participate in the study. The sample size selected from the research population was 30. Twenty youths who applied for empowerment funds and 10 representatives of the stakeholders were interviewed. Semistructured interviews were used as data collection tools. For the qualitative data analysis, Tesch’s steps were used. The study found that several factors affect youth access to empowerment funds for entrepreneurship in Zambia. These factors could be divided into four groups: economic and financial, institutional, social and miscellaneous. The main economic and financial factors included unemployment and lack of income, lack of collateral, savings by the youth, bank charges and poor financial habits. The main institutional factors were found to be legal regulatory framework, poor policies and bureaucracy. The main social factors were lack of entrepreneurship education, skills training and non-existent youth services. Other factors were negative societal social and cultural perceptions, practices and attitudes, logistical issues and lack of information. The recommendations for access to empowerment funds for entrepreneurship by youth in Zambia can be divided into five main categories, namely alternative funding sources, communication, financial, institutional and miscellaneous. The youths should seek other sources of money, disbursing agencies should use different mediums for disseminating information about empowerment funds, the government should strengthen disbursing agencies for provision of empowerment funds equitably, and there is a need for appropriate financial practices to be adopted by the youth. The study is exploratory and identifies the factors that affect the youth’s access to empowerment funds for entrepreneurship in Zambia. Further research should be done to assess attitudes of funders towards youth entrepreneurs so as to gauge whether access to financial interventions are effective or not. Further research is also needed to understand why youth entrepreneurs tend to shun certain entrepreneurial activities such as farming.

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Rahman, Nur-E. "Achieving the millennium development goals aid effectiveness on female empowerment /." CONNECT TO ELECTRONIC THESIS, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/1961/3642.

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Horton, Harold Willard. "Project REACH : an innovative approach to empowerment through personal development." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/17240.

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Gihwala, Kiran. "Black economic empowerment funding structures of the Industrial Development Corporation." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/80486.

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Thesis (MDF)--Stellenbosch University, 2011.
This study considers the impact that the particular funding structure used in the financing of black economic empowerment (BEE) transactions has on the expected outcome. Various structures are evaluated, each with their particular advantages and disadvantages. The report details the history of South Africa, the Industrial Development Corporation (IDC), as well as the black economic empowerment phenomenon. An in-depth commentary on the financing structures used for BEE transactions within the IDC is presented together with a new, remodeled structure to be used in the analysis as part of a comparative study to determine whether the existing preferential Vanilla Special Purpose Vehicle (SPV) structure garners the most appropriate result for the BEE entrepreneur. The statistical study tests whether the Vanilla SPV structure, where the financier is reliant on dividends for the repayment of their preference shares, is a better structure than the reworked SPV structure, where the financier is reliant on free cash flow for repayment. The results infer that access to free cash flow is preferred by both the financier, as well as the BEE party, as vesting is higher and the bullet payment required to attain that vesting is significantly lower.

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Mbabane, Loyiso Mzisi. "Broad-based Black Economic Empowerment : a human capital development approach." Doctoral thesis, University of Cape Town, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/11612.

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Includes bibliographical references (leaves 177-187).
This study develops a theoretical framework for Broad-Based Black Economic Empowerment, using a Human Capital Development approach. This framework is then employed to evaluate the Codes of Good Practice on Broad Based Black Economic Empowerment (BBBEE) (Department of Trade and Industry, 2005; 2007). A 'mixed methods research approach' is utilized, in some kind of triangulation. Three research methods are used starting with focus groups; then content analysis and finally descriptive analysis. Phase one utilizes focus groups to construct the key elements of the Draft BBBEE Scorecard for Employment Equity; Skills Development and Organisational Transformation (2005). In phase two, content analysis (documentation analysis) is applied to compare and contrast the draft BBBEE Scorecard of 2005 with the final BBBEE Scorecard of 2007, using the human capital development framework for the propositions. The third phase is designed to test proposition three, which enquires into the actual implementation of BBBEE by employers. This phase utilizes secondary data from various official reports of the Commission for Employment Equity (2000-2007) to measure the nature and extent of progress on Employment Equity; Skills Development and Management Control by employers, in relation to the BBBEE policy and its targets. The BBBEE Scorecards for Employment Equity and Skills Development are found to be generally in line with human capital development principles. The Organisational Transformation Index that was in the 2005 Draft BBBEE Scorecard is found to be a useful mechanism for moving away from a transaction-based approach to BBBEE toward a transformation-based approach. To this effect, the absence of the Organisational Transformation Index in the final Codes and Scorecards of 2007 is lamented. A recommendation is made for more emphasis to be placed on the transformation of companies/ organisations. The leadership role of Chief Executive Officers and their top management in the BBBEE process is propagated. At the leadership level, the Transformational Leadership approach is posited as the one that holds a better chance of driving BBBEE successfully. Quo Vadis; the study recommends two different theoretical frameworks; a Human Capital Development framework for BBBEE at the macro-level (national policy and strategy) and the Transformational Leadership-Organisational Transformation one at the micro-level. BBBEE, it is held; ought to be integrated into the country's new National Industrial Policy Framework. Conversely, the BBBEE targets and goals should also be aligned to the country's long-term socio-economic growth strategies.

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Jolosheva, Aida A. 1984. "Entrepreneurship and Microfinance: Economic Development and Women's Empowerment in Kyrgyzstan." Thesis, University of Oregon, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/1794/10650.

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xi, 105 p. : ill., maps. A print copy of this thesis is available through the UO Libraries. Search the library catalog for the location and call number.
This thesis focuses on microfinance in Kyrgyzstan as a response to the initiation of economic, social and political reforms following Kyrgyzstan's independence in 1991. These reforms accelerated Kyrgyzstan's transition from a centrally-planned to a liberal market-based economy. Microfinance became a favored mechanism for encouraging individual entrepreneurship and thus economic development. Based on field research I conducted in Kyrgyzstan during the summer of 2009, this thesis examines the economic impact of these reforms on women entrepreneurs, as women were particularly vulnerable to the social fallout from such reforms. Through participatory observation, small focus groups and semi-structured interviews, I analyze myriad aspects of the lives of women entrepreneurs who have participated in a microfinance project. I argue that microfinance provides an empowering, sustainable path for them. However, the historical occupational divisions encouraged by the Soviet Union affect how people use microcredit. I conclude with suggestions on improving microfinance practices in Kyrgyzstan.
Committee in Charge: Dr. Anita M. Weiss, Chair; Dr. Laura Leete; Dr. Shankha Chakraborty

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Akerstedt, Ida. "Women of Hangberg: An Explorative Study of Empowerment and Agency." Master's thesis, Faculty of Humanities, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/32438.

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Women's empowerment is considered a key driver for social change and an important development objective. Empowerment describes as a process in which women gain the ability to redefine gender roles and the ability to extend possibilities for being and doing. This includes resources and active agency. Despite this, research is limited in scope and geography. Measures to assess empowerment in the development sector often focus on evident forms of agency that do not reflect local meanings of the concept. In South Africa, studies of empowerment are primarily limited to women's decision-making within the household or in their reproductive roles. While many scholarly texts showcase the importance of women practicing their agency for the survival of their households and local communities, few investigate women's own experiences. As such, this thesis aims to raise the importance of women's empowerment in the field of development and to add to understanding of gender in South Africa through ethnographic research methods. Ethnographic research focus on describing and understanding, rather than explaining phenomena. Through semi-structured interviews and participant observations, I explore the ways in which seven women in their local community of Hangberg exercise their agency to develop the community, and the empowerment outcomes of such work. I find that engaging in development activities has realised a proliferation of outcomes relevant to empowerment among the women participants. This includes better intra-household relations, cooperation, wellbeing, and sense of purpose. The women participants see themselves as empowered women who attribute their own personal growth to participating in the development of their community. Furthermore, I find that women actively exercise their agency in response to social, economic and political change. In this, the women participants are exemplars of an alternative ‘solution' to overcoming social and economic despair in their community. At the same time, their empowerment and agency remain limited in terms of levels and reach. The women participants are not able to overcome the broader economic, social and political structures that shape their lives. They remain poised precariously between economic uncertainty and responsibilities of care.

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Tanghöj, Erike. "Social empowerment for and by Aymara women : A study of social empowerment processes in relation to local development programmes." Thesis, Jönköping University, JIBS, Political Science, 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-1218.

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The vulnerable social situation of the indigenous women in Bolivia is often on the agenda

of many organisations (CSOs and NGOs). Especially, the deep rooted socio-political

discrimination of this group has been addressed in several researches and during various

international development forums. However, few of these investigations have tried to

understand in what ways the Aymara women themselves want to be supported by

organisations in order to become socially empowered. In regard to this, the contemplation

of this Master Thesis has been to, in an inductive manner, increase the understanding of

the concept of social empowerment from the perspectives of Aymara women and

NGOs/CSOs. To do so a qualitative field based study, aimed at letting Aymara women

themselves explain the social situation, was conducted in Bolivia during the spring 2007.

The outcome of this research has also served as a foundation to a discussion, with special

references to the Swedish aid-agency Svalorna Latinamerika, concerning what NGOs and

CSOs ought to consider when working with social empowerment of Aymara women.

The overarching methodological approach of the study has been that of a bottom-up

implementation analysis. In order to retrieve information from the field techniques such as

socio-anthropological studies, observations, interactions and interviews have been applied.

Several interesting insights and conclusions have been retrieved from the investigation. The

primarily conclusion drawn is that empowerment can neither be received nor given as it has

the features of a learning process. Accordingly, in regard to this organisations must adopt

the role of 'supporters' rather than 'suppliers'. Secondly, it has been reasoned that any

undertaking aimed at supporting social empowerment for and of Aymara women must be

synchronised with the progression of the women's learning processes. This specifically

suggests that organisations must adopt long-run as well as holistic programmes rather than

ad hoc activities. The overall conclusion drawn is that if the social empowerment for and of

Aymara women is to benefit from the undertakings of organisations the planning,

implementation and evaluation of the activities must primarily be based on terms given by

the women.

4

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Stutsky, Brenda Jane. "Empowerment and Leadership Development in an Online Story-Based Learning Community." NSUWorks, 2009. http://nsuworks.nova.edu/gscis_etd/318.

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The problem was that there is a shortage of nurses who possess the leadership practices required to fill current and impending nursing leadership vacancies. Hospital-based nurse educators are in a prime position to foster a leadership mindset within nurses, and seek out potential nurse leaders; however, nurse educators first need to develop their own leadership practices and feel empowered to take on the role of mentoring future nurse leaders. The goal was to develop an online learning community where hospital-based nurse educators could develop their own nursing leadership practices through storytelling within an environment that included the elements of teaching presence, cognitive presence, and social presence. The online learning community would be considered an empowering environment, and nurse educators would improve their own feelings of empowerment. A wiki was used as the computer-user interface for the online learning community, and was designed based on the principles of human-computer interaction, learning theory, and instructional design. The wiki was separated into two learning communities, namely, the facilitated community and the self-organizing community. Some of the wiki pages were viewable by both communities, some were community specific, and other pages were private and viewable only to the nurse educator and the facilitator. The researcher/facilitator was the leader of the facilitated community, while self-organizing community members were responsible for leading their own community. The facilitator intervened in the self-organizing community when necessary, mostly to address technical issues. Through direct instruction via narrated presentations available to both communities, and leadership stories written and posted by the community members themselves, nurse educators learned about exemplary practices of leadership. Nurse educators in both communities significantly increased their own perceived leadership practices and perceived levels of empowerment. Educators in both learning communities identified that their communities included the elements of teaching, cognitive, and social presence. There were no differences between the communities, except on the teaching presence subscale of direct instruction, where the facilitated community was rated significantly higher. Given increases in empowerment levels, it was determined that both online learning communities could be considered empowering environments.

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Hoague, Sarah. "Student Voices: New Experiences, Empowerment, & Moral Development in Physical Education." Antioch University / OhioLINK, 2018. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=antioch1532537250017522.

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Black, Janice Adele. "The relationship of human resource development manager empowerment to organizational conditions." Diss., This resource online, 1993. http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-10022007-145213/.

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Mosedale, Sarah Louise. "Women's Empowerment in Development Theory and Practice : A Case Study of an International Development Agency." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2008. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.508506.

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Thim, Annelise. "Women's Economic Empowerment| An Analysis of Development Discourse and Its Impact on Gender Development programs." Thesis, The American University of Paris (France), 2019. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=13871610.

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Dobricic, Kristina. "Empowerment and Sustainable Agriculture in Loma Linda, Guatemala : A qualitative study on contributions for empowerment by the local association in Loma Linda." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för samhällsvetenskaper, SV, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-14321.

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This study is focused in a Guatemalan small village, Loma Linda, and on the local association ASODILL that is working for sustainable agriculture and alternative employment possibilities. Many rural areas throughout the world, including Guatemala, have been exposed to neglect by the government, political exclusion, and socioeconomic inequalities. The civil war that roared in Guatemala from 1960 to 1996 left behind psychological suffering, mistrust for the government, socioeconomic weakening and infrastructural destruction. Currently Guatemala suffers from rural poverty, environmental destruction and from an unaccountable state prioritizing economic before an environmentally sound alternative development. Presently, pesticides are encouraged by the Guatemalan government and sold below the market price. The pesticides are, however, destroying the soil and decreasing soil fertility to the point that it turns unusable for agriculture. There have been records of farmers protesting demanding change: requiring the government to halt environmental damaging actions and financial assistance for sustainable agriculture. I am examining if the local association, ASODILL, has contributed to a social, political and economic empowerment through their main objectives of sustainable agriculture and increasing employment alternatives Loma Linda. John Friedmanns Empowerment theory is the main helping device for understanding the empowerment effects of ASODILL in the village better. Ethnography as interpersonal method enabled me to construct a view on how the village has generally changed through the association, by participatory observation and interviews. The conclusion suggests that the association, through its work for sustainable development, has contributed to a social empowerment. This is mainly because Loma Linda already has the necessary prerequisites. With a stable social infrastructure ASODILLs external networking and expansion made the association grow which included them in a wider political community that aims for similar objective and thereby are politically empowered. The association has not yet achieved any economic empowerment. If a long-term empowerment is to be achieved the Guatemalan government must start to take the farmers political demand seriously or there is a risk that the local prosperity will not be long lasted.

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Kope, Jared. "Empowerment and Unlearning: A Departure Towards Inter-Cultural Understanding." Thèse, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/31140.

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This thesis includes two stand-alone articles with the overall purpose of critically exploring experiences related to sport-for-development from the program participants’ perspective on the one hand, and from the practitioners’ perspective on the other. After outlining the research objectives and present a review of literature, theoretical framework, epistemology, methodology, methods, and analysis, the first article focuses on the YLP participants’ experiences with a particular interest on empowerment processes. Specifically, I employed a Critical Youth Empowerment (CYE) framework in relation to youth experiences and larger community involvement with youth programming (Jennings et al., 2006). Photovoice was conducted and supplemented with eleven semi-structured interviews, one focus group and a month-long participant observation. The above-mentioned research was juxtaposed with a second article presenting an autoethnographic account of my own experiences as a practitioner and researcher. My autoethnography mixes theory, methodology, and methods throughout the narrative. My hope was to produce a theoretically rich and reflexive account of the experiences that led me to conceptualize sport-for-development differently. This self-critical piece aims at providing an opportunity for readers to reflect upon and hopefully challenge their own practices, knowledge production, and research orthodoxy.

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Zhang, Huiyi. "Economic Development and Women Empowerment in China: Is There a Regional Pattern?" Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för samhällsstudier (SS), 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-38458.

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The rapid economic development in China has successfully drawn a worldwide attention and benefit its population, with a average 8 percentage GDP growth rate every year and 500 million people out of poverty. While a large number of people are seeking for the reason why economic achievement in China has been so dramatic and unprecedented, less people show solicitude for Chinese women`s condition and empowerment. Women as a worldwide vulnerable group, their well-being need to be taken into consideration during the process of developing economy. In China, female population accounts for 48.47 percentage (633.2 million) of entire population. Under the big picture of economic prosperity, the author found that Chinese people`s living condition has advanced largely, the popularization of basic education and medical service has benefit the vast majority people, meanwhile, people can be more involved in political process to express their opinions. However, women are benefited disproportionately but still less empowered than men are. Moreover, since China is a geographically large country, the economic development has shown some regional characteristic, that means, in southeastern China, due to the convenient traffic condition, such as harbors, economic development process is faster than in northwestern China, where traffic and natural conditions are both weak. Would that cause a unequal empowered situation between women from different economic developed regions? Women has been paid less attention through the history of China, let alone different conditions of women in different regions. In this thesis, the author will describe women`s different empowered situation in rural and urban regions of China, via a capability approach viewpoint, and discussion of whether there is a regional pattern will be based on (Dis) Empowerment model.

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Mahlaba, Siphelele Nadia, and K. D. Ige. "Economic development and women empowerment in Zamimpilo art and craft co-operative." Thesis, University of Zululand, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10530/1849.

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Theses Submitted to the Department of Sociology in fulfilment of the requirements for the Master’s Degree in Sociology in the Faculty of Arts at the University of Zululand, 2018.
Development agencies, non-government Organizations (NGOs) and government organizations around the world aim for the betterment of women in all spheres of their lives. Empowerment has been considered the main focal point towards the achievement of the wellbeing of women. The study was about cooperatives and women empowerment. It investigated the extent to which participation, empowerment, capacitation and benefits of membership contribute in enabling cooperatives to empower women. This study applied the Capability Approach (CA) in an attempt to understand the need and importance of capabilities to women in a cooperative. The quality of life of an individual is analysed in terms of the core concepts of functionings and capability, thus the CA focuses directly on the quality of life that individuals are actually able to achieve. The Capability Approach proposed that the most vital thing to deliberate when valuing well-being is what people are actually able to do. Capacitation to disadvantaged people is very important in that it ensures services and assistants directly meet their needs. Participatory planning can be regarded as an instrument for identifying the needs of all persons within a community, a way of constructing harmony, and means of empowering deprived or marginalised groups. Participatory development has created the need that there should be inclusion of everyone concerned in the decision making that enables the utilization of all ideas and experiences especially of the poor in rural communities and that they should have influence in the decision making process. The study hypothesized that the perceived level of participation; empowerment and capacitation will determine the benefit of membership in a cooperative. The survey was conducted using a Five-Level Likert scale to decipher respondents’ perceptions of level of participation, empowerment, capacitation, and perceived benefits. In the beginning of analysis, responses (N=110) were reduced using Principal Components Analysis (PCA) to determine how questionnaire items contributed to variables under consideration, variables extracted were correlated and regressed. A linear regression analysis was used to describe how a benefit of membership mediates the relationship between participation, empowerment and capacitation. iii The results showed that members’ perceived levels of empowerment mediate their Perceived Benefits of membership (PERBEME). This shows how benefits of membership in a cooperative are determined and empowerment experienced. Cooperatives have a potential of empowering women and that is achieved through democratic operation, where members equally participate in the daily business. The findings showed a correlation between independent and dependent variables. The findings further demonstrated that capacitation, empowerment and participation, influence change on the benefits of membership in a co-operative.
National Research Foundation (NRF)

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Li, Man-kit, and 李文杰. "Community planning : as an empowerment process? : case in Hong Kong." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10722/206577.

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In the arena of planning in Hong Kong, the doctrine of community planning is still an abstract idea and has not been formally adopted by the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region Government. Be that as it may, the word “community planning” or “community participation” was always mentioned in strategic dimensions of planning in Hong Kong in recent years. On the other hand, the discussion among community planning around the global asked for a higher and higher participation level in community planning process, shifting from participation to empowerment. Thus, this dissertation attempts to fill this research gap, analyzing the degree of empowerment under the planning frameworks and institutions in Hong Kong and how effective is community planning to empower citizens in Hong Kong. The community engagement elements within the planning related institutional frameworks in Hong Kong were reviewed and analyzed, in order to figure out the extent of empowerment of the community engagement elements in these frame works. On the other hand, a local planning concern group, which adopts community planning based approach, was used as a contextual study of analyzing the effectiveness of community planning based practices to empower citizens in Hong Kong. It was found that the extent of empowerment of the community engagement elements in planning frameworks of Hong Kong is limited, and community planning based practices is effective in empowering citizens. Thus, if planning in Hong Kong is to empower, but not disempower citizens, community planning approaches should be adopted. A series of empowering community planning process was recommended in this final part of this study.
published_or_final_version
Urban Planning and Design
Master
Master of Science in Urban Planning

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Wigen, Tiffany A. "The development of empowerment and leadership among youth involved in asset mapping." Online access for everyone, 2006. http://www.dissertations.wsu.edu/Thesis/Fall2006/T_Wigen_112906.pdf.

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Cook, Taylor Michelle. "UNTAPPED RESOURCES HOW UNDERDEVELOPED GENDER EMPOWERMENT CONSTRAINS THE DEVELOPMENT POTENTIAL IN BANGLADESH." The University of Montana, 2008. http://etd.lib.umt.edu/theses/available/etd-09042008-185041/.

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Gender empowerment is an oft-cited result of microfinance participation. However, research to verify this outcome continues to produce ambivalent results implying that microfinance programs are not maximizing their potential impact. While gender empowerment may be a desirable end to development, it is less often used as a means to achieve development goals. This paper tests the hypothesis that gender empowerment improves microfinance program performance using data from the Bangladesh Rural Advancement Committee (BRAC) and a theoretical framework based on prevalent institutional ideologies. The results show that empowered clients have a higher likelihood of attaining desirable program outcomes. These results can be taken as evidence that microfinance organizations should consider investments in support programs to directly address social impediments to gender empowerment as a way to increase their overall effectiveness.

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Hagley, Paige E. "Empowerment, Uncertainty, and Perceived Impacts of Shale Energy Development in Eastern Ohio." The Ohio State University, 2017. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1511873619234342.

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Cauble, Elizabeth Marie 1973. "Promising Empowerment: How Tostan Engages Communities in Participatory Development in Rural Senegal." Thesis, University of Oregon, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1794/9978.

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xi, 105 p. : map. A print copy of this thesis is available through the UO Libraries. Search the library catalog for the location and call number.
This thesis explores the empowerment effects of informal education programs run by the highly acclaimed non-governmental organization (NGO) Tostan in Senegal, West Africa. My interviews with 25 women in six rural communities in Senegal reveal that participants in Tostan training programs experience multiple forms and degrees of empowerment. The respondents in this study report sometimes feeling empowered in terms of education, access to resources, individualization and participation. In light of the literature on empowerment, my respondents remain only partially empowered, constrained by existing sociopolitical relations and economic dependency. My research also considers whether there are structural limits to empowerment when an outside NGO comes into a community for a relatively short time to promote change better produced indigenously.
Committee in Charge: Dr. Dennis Galvan, Chair; Dr. Stephen Wooten; Dr. Anne Williams

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Wifvesson, Anna. "The Legal Empowerment Paradoxy? : A Critical Exploration of Power Imbalances in the Legal Empowerment Discourse from a Global North/South Perspective." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Statsvetenskapliga institutionen, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-403135.

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Legal empowerment as a theoretical and practical concept has gained increasing attention in international development. Due to the shifting aid paradigm, caused by the rising of South-South cooperation, legal empowerment’s proposed bottom-up character has challenged the larger conventional top-down approaches to development that traditionally have dominated the development agenda. Nevertheless, studies examining legal empowerment have failed to analyse whether the concept is produced in a top-down setting and hence omitted possible power imbalances that the discourse might be hiding. By conducting a critical discourse analysis through applying postcolonial theory, the dissertation critically explores the concept on a sample of public policy documents by two of the largest legal empowerment donors, the World Bank and the Asian Development Bank. The thesis analyses both how the donors approach the concept and how the discourse may distinguish in their approaches. Furthermore, it examines how power imbalances in the legal empowerment discourse might emerge from a Global North/South perspective. The study finds that the policies from both development banks do not discursively produce legal empowerment in significantly different ways, which moreover forswears the premise that the South-South development cooperation is to be essentially distinctive from the North-South cooperation. Furthermore, the both discourses were found to (re)produce postcolonial narratives that reduce the ‘subjects’ in the discourse into homogenous groups which could somewhat dispute the essence of the concept.

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Bamuturaki, Keneth. "Theatre for development as a participatory development process in Uganda : a critical analysis of contemporary practices." Thesis, University of Exeter, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10871/25454.

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In Uganda, relative to its neighbouring countries such as Kenya and Tanzania, the practice of Theatre for Development (henceforth TfD) has been considered quite problematic. Within the arts fraternity in Uganda, there have been critics who hold that TfD exists and is practiced in Uganda on one hand, while on the other there are those who argue that TfD does not exist as a distinct form of practice in Uganda. Those who dispute the existence of TfD in Uganda say that TfD is just a commercial label coined by people who want to take advantage of the large amounts of money from donors. These rivalling critical positions compelled me to postulate that TfD practice in Uganda could be embroiled in neoliberal tendencies where the funding factor shapes the nature of practice. Consequently, this thesis sets out to examine the nature of TfD practice in Uganda keeping in focus the basic principles that underpin its practice such as participation, giving voice, community ownership, dialogue, time and sustainability as the critical framework. Alongside these principles, the thesis kept in view the forces or processes which influence the TfD process such as postcolonialism/, power related dynamics, the politics of funding and global capitalism among others. The thesis focused on analysing how the above principles and forces have played out in projects by local and international practitioners in Uganda. It also made an effort to reflect on the nature of TfD practice in Uganda by drawing from my own practical experiences in a child rights TfD project. Looking at the work by local practitioners such as IATM, and Rafiki Theatre Company, this thesis discovered that TfD practice in Uganda has been hindered by the high-handed role of international development funders who determine the issues which the projects address. Through the work of international practitioners such as Jane Plastow and Katie McQuaid, it was however, discovered that implementing the ideal TfD process espousing the empowerment participation or the bottom up model in Uganda is not completely difficult to achieve. Their work offered a fundamental challenge to local practices in that the facilitators made a good effort to observe closely the core principles of effective practice such as participation, giving voice, balancing the dynamics of power and sustainability, something local practitioners need to emulate. However, the discussion in the thesis indicates that the work by international practitioners was not devoid of the influence of the forces that normally threaten effective practice such as the facilitator-participant power dynamics, issues related to project funding and postcolonial and neo-colonial inclinations.

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Leyds, Jaqueline Sue-Anne Acquila. "The effect of black economic empowerment on employees." Diss., University of Pretoria, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/23042.

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This study is aimed at determining the effect of Black Economic Empowerment on employees. The objectives of this study were:

To conceptualize theoretically what Black Economic Empowerment entails and to identify the causes of the Broad Based Black Economic Empowerment Act.
To determine the physical, emotional, psychological and social effect of BEE on employees and to elaborate on employees’ experiences
To make recommendations regarding the implementation of BEE based on employees experiences.

This qualitative study endeavoured to answer the following research question: “What effect does BEE have on employees?” By answering this question, the researcher aimed to document experiences to understand the effect of this phenomenon on employees and to make recommendations regarding its implementation in the workplace. Probability sampling methods were used to select the respondents and data was gathered by using semi-structured interview schedules. These interviews were taped-recorded, transcribed and analysed by extracting themes and subthemes. The study was feasible as it was within the financial and practical means of the researcher. Permission was obtained from BOSASA to conduct the study, and use their resources, staff and data. The main themes that emerged from the data analysis are as follows:

Support for BEE
Criticism of BEE
The role of communication
Change leads to mental shifts
Changes in the working environment affects employees
Attitude towards change impacts on physical effects
The importance of development in the implementation of BEE.

From the research findings, the following conclusions and recommendations were made: It can be concluded that there are different opinions regarding the implementation of BEE and we have to acknowledge that there are positive and negative effects thereof. BEE can hold mutual benefits for both employees and the organization, but it is important for open and reciprocal communication channels to be present whilst BEE is being implemented. It was also concluded that although BEE is a legislative process the individuals within the organization definitely experience the ripple effect of the changes that are implemented. On micro-level, it is recommended that all organizations where BEE is being implemented should have open communication channels between themselves and their employees. Opportunities for questions regarding clarity of processes being implemented should be part of the process and communication of information should be reciprocal and not just from a top down approach. On meso-level, it is recommended that different levels of management should receive training regarding BEE, what it entails and how it will be implemented. The reasons for its implementation and the benefits it holds for the organization and employees should be explored during these sessions. On macro-level, it is recommended that the marketing of BEE should become more prominent in the media in South Africa, including newspapers, television and billboards. The emphasis should shift from only reporting on the “large” BEE deals that are done, to the untold stories of the masses that daily experience the positive effects that BEE has had on them as “smaller” organizations and individuals. Organizations should assist in rectifying the harms of the past. It should not only be about implementing BEE for the purpose of getting business deals from government, but also about realizing its significance for the economic growth of our country. This will assist in eradicating fronting and create a culture that is open to change. Copyright
Dissertation (MSW)--University of Pretoria, 2008.
Social Work and Criminology
unrestricted

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Mamburu, David Nyadzani. "The evaluarion of the impact of a community empowerment programme on rural communities." Pretoria : [s.n.], 2000. http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-03122007-133235.

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Emley, Elizabeth A. "Empowerment Education to Promote Youth and Community Health." Bowling Green State University / OhioLINK, 2021. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=bgsu1598277140759782.

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Siddique, Abu Bakar. "Exploring the possibility of a people centred development (PCD) process in Rajoir Thana in Bangladesh." Thesis, University of Reading, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.314250.

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Blackmore, Sansia. "Reversing Poverty : The Role of Institutions, State Capacity and Human Empowerment." Thesis, University of Pretoria, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/75486.

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The study explores the fundamental causes of poverty persistence, which remains a central challenge of the modern world. In theory, rising political participation operationalises checks on state predation and cultivates development-enabling state capacity. This did not materialise in post-colonial sub-Saharan Africa. The theoretical foundation of this premise is further brought into question by the development achievements of strong, capable non-democracies. The study uses a dynamic, panel-data model to explore a probabilistic development hypothesis that fuses broad institutionalism with modernisation and human empowerment. The model relies on regime-independent state capacity to trigger the transformational impetus of rising existential security, autonomy and individual agency. Ensuing shifts in societal value orientations towards emancipative mindsets then drive the progression towards prosperity. The results show that the poor-country deficit in human empowerment, represented by mind-broadening education and emancipative values, dwarfs the shortfalls in all other drivers of prosperity, including exports and investment. The findings rule against geography and democracy as direct drivers of prosperity.
Thesis (PhD)--University of Pretoria, 2020.
National Research Foundation (NRF)
Economics
PhD
Unrestricted

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Wong, Chau Ying. "Participation and empowerment : an ethnography of Miao women in rural China /." View Abstract or Full-Text, 2003. http://library.ust.hk/cgi/db/thesis.pl?SOSC%202003%20WONG.

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Thesis (M. Phil.)--Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, 2003.
Includes bibliographical references (leaves 130-134). Also available in electronic version. Access restricted to campus users.

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Treasure, Karen. "The power of empowerment : recognising power relations within 'development' for communities in Zambia." Thesis, University of Plymouth, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10026.1/1144.

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Empowerment has emerged as a key focus of development policy and practices in the contemporary era, where simultaneously a need for 'development' is ascribed due to historically determined power relations imposed through discourse and intervention. This research enquires into the contradiction inherent in assuming an intemational agenda to empower those who are continually disempowered. Through analysis of a series of case studies of development projects in Zambia, this research argues that the potential of the empowerment agenda is inherently limited by the ongoing structural conditions of development. In the cases studied, community members successfiilly achieve a form of 'subjective empowerment' which enables them to assume a more powerful role within the boundaries of action determined by their possible frameworks of opportunity. But these forms of power do not hold the potential to create communities which are relatively more powerful on the global stage. Progression to a form of 'objective empowerment' is constrained by the boundaries to power which are imposed through historically set and continually recreated power relations within the global political economy.

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Agupusi, Patricia C. "Small business development as a strategy for empowerment in post-apartheid South Africa." Thesis, University of East Anglia, 2010. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.522250.

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Black Economic Empowerment (BEE) is one of the most contested transformation programmes of post-apartheid South Africa. The empowerment process was the result of centuries of disempowerment of the majority of the population, a process intensified and institutionalised when the National Party came to power in 1948. Due to the bargained transition, however, the first phase of BEE was driven by the private sector with minimal government intervention. At this point it was primarily focused on equity transfer, ownership and the promotion of blacks into management positions. As a result of heavy criticism and the collapse of a number of BEE companies during the 1997-8 economic crisis, there were strong demands to redefine the programme to achieve genuinely broad-based empowerment, and for government intervention to support it. This resulted in the Broad-based Black Economic Empowerment Act of 2003. Based on the understanding that the political and economic system has shaped various policies in post-apartheid South Africa, this study takes a political economy approach to examine the development of black-owned small business as a strategy for the empowerment of the majority. It is structured into three interlinking parts. The first provides the historical context, examining the foundations of the present empowerment process. The second explores the trajectories of power that led to the policies of small business development and broad-based economic empowerment. The third considers the implementation process through the investigation of national and provincial empowerment institutions, private sector participation and the extent to which an entrepreneurial culture exists in South Africa. Taken together these seek to answer the primary question of how the political and economic system is affecting the development of black-owned enterprises for broad-based empowerment. Methodologically this research adopts a critical realist approach, and utilises triangulation techniques to analyse multiple sources of evidence, such as the critical deconstruction of various written sources including legal, archival, media and policy documents. Primary data was acquired through a qualitative approach combining observation, informal interactions; formal in-depth interviews with key informants, and seminars and conference notes. A case study approach has been used to give detailed explanations of some of the complex causal relations in real-life and empowerment interventions. This approach helps link theoretical discourses on empowerment, policy and entrepreneurship in the study framework with the realities of the political and economic interactions in the empowerment process. The findings of this study show that contrary to general assumption, ideology and economic interest rather than race shaped the two policies. Even though the BBEE policy process was completely carried out by blacks, it has still retained its minimalist approach. The policy document portrays two ambiguous approaches: a broad-based strategy that targets a few and a broad-based strategy that targets the majority. However, the mechanism for implementing the programme favours the former. The implication is that rather than an integrated approach to developing black-owned businesses that recognises the diversity of the disempowered group, the process takes a macro and market-oriented approach to empowerment that is focused on promoting small, medium and large enterprises, and is therefore not yielding a genuine empowerment dividend for the majority of the targeted group. Although there is an indication that empowerment could reach the majority at the grass-roots level through micro enterprises and the cooperative movement, insufficient resources are being invested in this sector. Finally, the limited political engagement of civil society organisations is contributing to the continued neglect of the majority of disempowered blacks in the empowerment process.

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Davila, Aguirre Mario Cesar. "Development through empowerment| Integration of the low income sector in the value chain." Thesis, Instituto Tecnologico y de Estudios Superiores de Monterrey (Mexico), 2014. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=3585552.

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Several researchers have said that the real solution to alleviating, or at least reducing, the level of poverty is not to view poor people as customers; instead it is important to integrate these people into the value chain of Multi-national Corporations (Karnani, 2007; London, 2004; SEKN, 2001). The objective of this research work is to analyze how companies with sustainability initiatives can generate better individual performance through the creation of empowerment in the LIS. First I developed a theoretical framework after conducting 47 in-depth interviews with key participants of one sustainable initiative in Mexico. I found, initially, that other variables like trust, coping strategy and risk aversion can moderate the direct and positive relationship between psychological empowerment and individual performance. Then I applied the surveys to 204 participants of this sustainability initiative. To test the hypotheses, I used PLS-SEM and analyzed the surveys in two groups (Belong, N=85) and (Belonged, N=119). In both groups, I confirmed the positive relationship between psychological empowerment and individual performance, I found also that coping strategy moderates in both conditions of this relationship; however, I cannot demonstrate that risk aversion moderates in any condition. Finally, I demonstrate that trust moderates the relationship, also. Theoretical and managerial implications as well limitations and future research avenues are discussed.

Keywords: low-income sector, empowerment, performance, trust, coping strategy, risk aversion, social entrepreneurship, inclusive business, base of the pyramid.

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Brennan, Deirdre Ailbhe. "The role of physical activity in the development of female agency and empowerment." Thesis, University of Ulster, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.314030.

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Pflaeger, Zoe Alexandra. "Decaf empowerment? : post-Washington consensus development policy, fair trade and Kenya's coffee industry." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2011. http://etheses.bham.ac.uk//id/eprint/1669/.

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This thesis seeks to make a contribution to the debate concerning the adoption of the language of empowerment and participation into Post-Washington Consensus development policy. Whilst it is acknowledged that the de-politicisation approach makes some valid contributions, it is argued that it suffers from a tendency to focus on the construction of development discourse. This has rather one-sidely led to the conclusion that the concept of empowerment has been used as an instrument of subjection. It is argued that the transformation approach offers a more nuanced analysis of participatory development practices that seeks to identify the opportunities that exist for their re-politicisation. Accordingly, the concept of empowerment should instead be examined as part of an ongoing political struggle to construct meaning and to harness action towards progressive political goals. This thesis makes a theoretical contribution to this debate by extending and consolidating the transformation approach through neo-Gramscian theory. Through its analysis of Fair Trade in the Kenyan coffee industry, it provides further empirical substantiation for the transformation approach. Whilst acknowledging the limitations of the World Bank’s approach to empowerment, this research identifies the opportunities and possibilities that exist for reasserting an alternative approach to producer empowerment based on the more radical notions of critical consciousness and collective social action. Given the highly unequal power relations that characterise the global coffee industry, this supports the argument put forward by the transformation approach that participatory development needs to explicitly engage with the wider power structures and institutions that perpetuate exclusion and inequality.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Entreprenurship Empowerment and Development'

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