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Zygmunt, Justyna. "The effect of changes in the economic structure on entrepreneurial activity in a transition economy: the case of Poland." Equilibrium 15, no. 1 (March 31, 2020): 49–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.24136/eq.2020.003.
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Research background: While entrepreneurship in transition economies is the subject of a growing body of literature, the debate on factors influencing entrepreneurial activity in such economies is still incomplete. This paper extends this de-bate by focusing on the effect of changes in the economy structure on entrepreneurship in Poland. The findings might be supportive for policymakers in pursuing policy aimed at boosting entrepreneurship in a transition economy.
Purpose of the article: The aim of the paper is to investigate the extent to which changes in the economic structure impact entrepreneurial activity in Poland. The paper contributes to the literature by providing empirical support to the pending research efforts to recognize entrepreneurship dimensions in a transition economy.
Methods: The hypothesis was tested with fixed effects panel regression with robust standard errors. Data were sourced from the Statistics Poland for all Polish NUTS-2 regions for the period 2003–2017. Panel data are balanced and include 3 600 observations.
Findings & Value added: This paper extends previous research on factors affect-ing entrepreneurial activity in a transition economy by focusing on the importance of changes in the economy structure for new firm creation. The findings provide evidence of the significant value of the service sector in boosting entrepreneurial activity in Poland. The findings might attract attention of policymakers. Fostering structural change towards smart specialization in services should be regarded when constituting programmes supporting entrepreneurship.
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Kenny, Breda. "Meeting the entrepreneurial learning needs of professional athletes in career transition." International Journal of Entrepreneurial Behavior & Research 21, no. 2 (April 13, 2015): 175–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijebr-07-2013-0113.
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Purpose – A career at the professional, elite level in sports does not last forever. One way or another, the day comes when players have to hang up their boots and move on, but to what? Some stay in the sport as managers or coaches, become broadcast announcers, or use their name recognition to pitch a product. However, for many their future opportunities lie in entrepreneurship. The purpose of this paper is to explore the concept of the entrepreneurial learning needs of professional rugby players preparing for a career transition and asks the following questions: What are the specific needs of professional athletes in relation to entrepreneurial learning?, and, what are the key elements of designing an entrepreneurship programme to meet these needs? Design/methodology/approach – The author adopted an interpretivist philosophical standpoint for this research, with an inductive research approach to explore various components of a tailored entrepreneurship training programme called the “Certificate in Enterprise Potential” (CEP) using the process of emergent inquiry. This programme was designed specifically for professional rugby athletes in Ireland. In gathering the data for the case study, the author pursued established principles of data collection, and used multiple sources of evidence. Findings – The findings provide evidence of the entrepreneurial learning needs of professional athletes in career transition and identifies the key elements to be considered when designing an entrepreneurship programme to meet these needs. The findings are presented under the headings context, objectives and outcomes, audience, content, pedagogy, assessment and evaluation. Research limitations/implications – There are multiple implications from this study. For entrepreneurship educators, the various components of designing a tailored entrepreneurship programme for professional athletes are identified and outlined. For researchers, it opens the door for research with other sports people from different contexts. For professional athletes and professionals working with athletes, it provides evidence of a non-athletic and an entrepreneurial career transition model that builds on the player’s social identity, social networks and taps into an existing HEI entrepreneurship ecosystem. The research was confined to a single case study for a specific target audience and needs replication with other cohorts in order to reduce the chance of these findings being unique to one single case. Originality/value – This paper focuses on the career transition and mid-career aspect of entrepreneurship education and in particular the career transition needs of the professional athletes. These findings provide a deeper understanding of mid-career entrepreneurship education, specifically in the contexts of professional athletes and HEI’s. Many athletes are forced to end their sporting careers early and with little hope of a meaningful or alternative long-term career options. This paper goes some way in addressing this concern.
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Garo, E., V. Kume, and S. Basho. "Determinants of Entrepreneurial Intention among University Students: Case of Albania." Multidisciplinary Journal for Education, Social and Technological Sciences 2, no. 2 (September 23, 2015): 176. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/muse.2015.3691.
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<p>In Albania, during the last decades entrepreneurship has been in focus. It is commonly agreed that developing entrepreneurship in the long term would be translated into sustainable economic development. Albanian economy, being an economy in transition greatly and urgently needs to invest into increasing the number of entrepreneurs in the country. Entrepreneurial intention is considered to be really important. Thus, the purpose of this paper is to observe the determinants of entrepreneurial intention in Albania. The target is university students. Many programs that foster entrepreneurship such as incubator centers, business plan competitions along with new educational practices have been developed. In addition, even though studies conducting in this field are few, Albanian education institutions have shown a willing to study the factors influencing entrepreneurship development. The reason is the belief that developing and supporting entrepreneurial activities among youth will positively influence the economy of the country in terms of economic growth.</p><p>This study widely represents the Albanian students and shows the deteminants of entrepreneurial intention they have. Hopefully the findings of this study would be useful to the policy makers and the Albanian government to undertake effective policies focused on entrepreneurial activity; targeting economic development of the country. </p>
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Di Toma, Paolo, and Stefano Montanari. "Family business exit and private equity investment decisions: Governance implications for value creation." Corporate Ownership and Control 10, no. 1 (2012): 464–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.22495/cocv10i1c4art7.
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This paper was motivated by the increasing interest in the current debate for the entrepreneurial process in family firms. Little research to date has investigated the family business exit and this topic is mainly considered as a failure for entrepreneurial families. However, when uncertainties arise concerning generational succession, the family business exit may enable ownership transitions facilitating survival and long term value creation strategies. Among the exit options, a private equity buyout may balance the family’s wealth protection and the firm’s future growth. However, which family specific characteristics and strategic needs may affect the exit option still remains a neglected topic. Based on recent research addressing entrepreneurship in family firms and corporate governance literature, this paper develops a case study for investigating the bridging role of private equity buyout for going through strategic transitions in family firms. Findings suggest that a private equity buyout is a governance mechanism which may sustain an entrepreneurial transition by realigning family interests and goals. It may also allow the family commitment for improving organizational capabilities required by an entrepreneurial transition.
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Gross, Nicole, and Susi Geiger. "Liminality and the entrepreneurial firm." International Journal of Entrepreneurial Behavior & Research 23, no. 2 (March 13, 2017): 185–209. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijebr-02-2016-0049.
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Purpose Focussing on the dynamic nature of entrepreneurship, the purpose of this paper is to advance an understanding of entrepreneurial practice in phases of radical change, which the authors conceptualize as periods of liminality. A particular focus on the management of tension is taken to investigate destabilization of practices, sources of resistance and enablers of change during shifts from a familiar past into an unfamiliar and uncertain future. Design/methodology/approach An exploratory longitudinal study of a single case firm was conducted to study the entrepreneurial change process during radical transition phases. To understand and theorize liminality and practice renewal in the entrepreneurial firm, the authors leveraged data collection tools from ethnography and engaged in data analysis inspired by grounded theory. Findings The authors build a process model of becoming that maps the following processes: destabilizing incumbent practices, sources of resistance and enablers of change, acceptance of upheaval and trying on a new state of being. A research agenda for future research in this area is also formulated. Originality/value The research contributes to contemporary entrepreneurship-as-practice research and to research considering the concept of liminality in entrepreneurship. Through processual theory building based on empirical research, the authors highlight that simultaneously handling the practices of the past whilst breeding new trajectories in an unknown future create tensions that can make or break the entrepreneurial firm.
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Hruška, Domagoj, Tihomir Luković, and Damir Piplica. "The Effects of Globalization on Entrepreneurial Revitalization of Main Urban Areas - Case of Croatia." SHS Web of Conferences 92 (2021): 08008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/shsconf/20219208008.
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Research background: The paper argues how the sustainable development of entrepreneurship in urban areas is based on four cornerstones: corruption, size of urban areas, industrial structure and cultural biases. Corruption is a significant social and economic issue that has crippling effect for entrepreneurship. Further on, the superiority of larger cities in generating advanced economies has been recognized since the time of the ancient Greek and medieval Italian city-states, however it is not clear if the same is applicable today as well. Third cornerstone of entrepreneurial development in main urban areas is the industrial structure of these areas. Lastly, the values that drive entrepreneurial action and form entrepreneurial environments are embedded in wider national culture. Purpose of the article: The aim of the paper is to investigate and describe pivotal influences on entrepreneurial activity as an impetus of sustainable economic development in globalized environment of transition economy urban areas. Methods: The four factors that influence the level of sustainable development of entrepreneurship in urban areas: level of perceived corruption, size of urban areas, industrial structure and cultural biases are described as well as the correlation between level of entrepreneurial activity and each of these crucial elements of urban revitalization. Findings & Value added: By examining antecedents and consequences of economic and social circumstances that define environment for fostering entrepreneurial activity in main urban areas in Croatia the paper provides comprehensive tool for strategy development that can be used by policy makers and entrepreneurs alike.
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Djip, Vernesa. "Entrepreneurship and SME development in post-conflict societies." Journal of Entrepreneurship and Public Policy 3, no. 2 (October 14, 2014): 254–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jepp-09-2012-0048.
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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to examine the conditions of entrepreneurship in transition and post-conflict societies, using Bosnia and Herzegovina (B&H) as a case study. There are many features of this country which make it an interesting case such. It was once a part of Yugoslavia and had a socialist regime. Post-socialism, B&H turned to creating and maintaining a market-based economy, making it a transition country. Lastly, the transition process has been disturbed and delayed due to the war that began in 1992. Design/methodology/approach – The author chose a single case study research design to present a unique case and to give in-depth analysis. The author has used the method of data triangulation to increase reliability and credibility of the case study research. Findings – The case study's findings reveal that three types of conditions influence entrepreneurship in B&H: socio-political, economic and legal. The paper has several implications; more specifically, inter alia, it has helped understand complexity of transitional environments and the implications of the same on entrepreneurship development. Originality/value – The paper adds to the existing literature on factors affecting entrepreneurial activity within a post-conflict context by simplifying categorization into three broad categories. By doing so, the paper emphasizes particular areas obstructing the development of the enterprise sector in B&H.
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Głodowska, Agnieszka, and Krzysztof Wach. "Entrepreneurship research in Central and Eastern Europe: A systematic literature review and bibliometric analysis." JOURNAL OF INTERNATIONAL STUDIES 15, no. 3 (2022): 201–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.14254/2071-8330.2022/15-3/14.
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Entrepreneurship has a rich tradition in the history of economic thought, but Central and Eastern European (CEE) researchers are latecomers. The socialist or communist economic systems discriminated against the entrepreneurial activity. This article aims to supplement the knowledge about the state, intensity, and research trends on entrepreneurship in CEE countries. The systematic literature review covers over 30 years (1980-2021). The bibliometric analysis was conducted using the VOSviewer software. The regional output in quantitative terms is relatively smaller in comparison to the global academia, although it addresses basically the same topics as the world literature. CEE researchers undertake, in principle, the same research threads as the entire academic community worldwide. CEE researchers publish their work on Central Europe mainly in journals of regional publishers. The two currently leading regional scientific journals on entrepreneurship are Entrepreneurship and Sustainability Issues (Lithuania) and Entrepreneurial Business and Economics Review (Poland). Although, the history of entrepreneurship research in Central and Eastern Europe dates back to the beginning of the economic transition in the early 1990s, but the intensification of publications from this region in Web of Science has been observed since the mid-2000s.
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Mohammed, Rahmat Alì, Marcello De Rosa, and Maria Angela Perito. "Upward Transition of Indian Entrepreneurs: from Simple Working to Ethnic Entrepreneurship. A Case Study in an Italian Region." European Countryside 13, no. 3 (September 1, 2021): 536–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/euco-2021-0031.
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Abstract This paper explores the role of entrepreneurial orientation in addressing upward mechanisms of Indian immigrant workers in rural areas. To achieve this purpose, an empirical analysis was carried out to investigate how entrepreneurial orientation may affect mechanisms of professional transition. Precisely, we managed direct interviews among Indian workers (through the support of cultural mediators), local actors (like public and private advisors) and Italian entrepreneurs. Our funding suggests the presence of three Indian workers in Italy (simple workers, intrapreneurs, entrepreneurs), characterised by different entrepreneurial profile acting as engine or barrier to what we have labelled as “upward transition”. Immigrant entrepreneurs play a relevant role in Italy and in our point of view, it is of paramount importance to allow them to access to rural development policies, knowledge, training and education upgrading.
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Warren, Lorraine. "Negotiating Entrepreneurial Identity." International Journal of Entrepreneurship and Innovation 5, no. 1 (February 2004): 25–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.5367/000000004772913764.
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This paper focuses on the negotiation of identity in case studies of four women undergoing career change in the UK. The triple nexus between identity as a reflexive journey, entrepreneurship as a social process and communities of practice is established and provides a powerful means of exploring the dynamics of the entrepreneurial transition. The paper examines how identity is constructed and reconstructed during their trajectory from one mode of work to another, as they acknowledged, and were acknowledged by, shifting communities of practice. The central argument of the paper is that the women were at times constituted as entrepreneurs by a powerful discourse, but that their first priority was to be recognized and legitimized as professionals as they engaged with particular communities of practice. Further, they rework these discourses with an impact not just at the level of their own individual experience, but also at network level through interaction with their community of practice. The study uses narrative analysis to provide insights into the processes and practices that have constituted their experience. The purpose of the paper is to contribute to an understanding of the early stages of entrepreneurial activity; this may be of benefit to policy makers, support services and educators, as well as the academic community. Theoretically, it is demonstrated that the notion of the community of practice has value in developing a processual understanding of the entrepreneurial transition.
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Sekliuckiene, Jurgita. "Factors leading to early internationalization in emerging Central and Eastern European economies." European Business Review 29, no. 2 (March 13, 2017): 219–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ebr-12-2015-0158.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to explore factors leading to the early internationalization of international new ventures (INVs) in Lithuania – a transition economy in Central and Eastern Europe (CEE). The determinants of early internationalization were grouped into three categories: entrepreneurial, firm-related and contextual determinants, and their impact on high-tech INVs that operate in emerging economies was investigated. Design/methodology/approach The research design is a case study approach. Case studies are presented of six Lithuanian entrepreneurial firms that demonstrated successful internationalization and rapidly expanded into foreign markets during the preceding year. Findings Region-specific theoretical propositions are provided for new ventures in CEE emerging economies. The results reveal that essential factors leading to the early internationalization of INVs operating in Lithuania, a transition economy, are entrepreneurial factors. Internationalization of INVs from CEE emerging economies is driven by push factors related to domestic market specifics; however, institutional factors do not seem to have a significant impact on INVs’ internationalization. Research limitations/implications The results of the analysis of the case studies are not generalizable to the entire population of INVs in Lithuania. However, the results are substantial considering the success of high-tech Lithuanian firms that started their international activities shortly after their inception. Future research can contribute to the literature by seeking to apply international new venture theory in the context of emerging economies with larger samples and a focus on distinct patterns of internationalization. Originality/value The findings contribute to the literature on international entrepreneurship by exploring early internationalization of INVs in the context of transition economies in CEE. This study’s contribution is based on theory building, especially in understanding the driving factors related to the early internationalization of new ventures founded by Lithuanian entrepreneurs. International entrepreneurship studies in the CEE, as well as Baltic countries, are limited, and this research contributes to filling this gap.
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Reuther, Kevin, Yngve Dahle, Carolin Schmidt, and Franziska Schösser. "Motivational Facets of Sustainable Entrepreneurship: A Systematic Review and Future Research Agenda." Sustainability 15, no. 3 (January 26, 2023): 2272. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su15032272.
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Entrepreneurial activity and especially sustainable entrepreneurship (SE) significantly impact the achievement of the sustainability transition. While we have a decent understanding of the drivers of entrepreneurial activity, there is limited knowledge and no systematic consolidation of existing work examining what motivates entrepreneurs to engage in SE. To address this issue, we conducted a systematic literature review analyzing 50 papers derived from the Scopus database since 2017. We found that the specific construct discussed in this literature is the Motivation for Sustainable Entrepreneurship (MSE) and argue that it is a combined construct comprising the motivation to have an impact on sustainability and the motivation to become an entrepreneur. We conclude by suggesting three areas for future research: First, a clear definition of MSE is needed, distinguishing what constitutes motivation for impacting sustainable development and motivation for engaging in entrepreneurship. Second, despite having a good understanding of the factors influencing MSE, these are often based on specific case-studies and could benefit from larger and more diverse samples as well as research methods. Third, we have a very limited understanding of the effect of MSE on new venture creation, entrepreneurial practices, performance, and success.
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Santos, Roberto S., Sunny Li Sun, and Xiaoyi Luo. "invisaWear: evolving the entrepreneurial mind-set." CASE Journal 16, no. 4 (July 21, 2020): 393–414. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/tcj-12-2019-0126.
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Theoretical basis Why do some individuals become entrepreneurs while others do not? This fundamental question has vexed entrepreneurship scholars for some time, giving rise to various schools of thought. Traditional economic motivation theories, for example, suggest that entrepreneurial opportunities arise from changes in either supply (Shane, 2000) or demand (Dew et al., 2004) and emphasize personal economic gain as a motivator for pursuing entrepreneurship. Both neoclassical equilibrium and psychological theories take a person-centric perspective whereby stable, enduring differences among people’s characteristics, determines who becomes an entrepreneur. Opportunity recognition may be enhanced through perspective taking (i.e. putting oneself in the shoes of another person) (Prandelli et al., 2016). Research methodology The founders of the company provided us with access to the inner workings of the company, their mentors and advisors and themselves. This study used archival research and interviews when preparing this case. Interviews allow for the development of uncensored, real-life insights into the entrepreneur’s business experience. The authors first conducted a 90-min interview with Rajia and Ray at DifferenceMaker® Central on the UMass Lowell campus. DifferenceMaker® provided us with pictures and timelines from when Rajia and Ray participated in the various DifferenceMaker® activities and competitions. A follow-on 90-min interview was conducted with the founders four months later at the UMass Lowell Innovation Hub to delve deeper into their transition from engineers to entrepreneurs. Case overview/synopsis In the summer of 2016, the future of invisaWear suddenly became uncertain. Rajia Abdelaziz and Ray Hamilton had conceived an idea for smart jewelry that they felt solved a real problem. But it was one thing to have a great idea and quite another to turn that idea into a real business. As engineering students, they were accustomed to solving problems, but if they truly wanted to make an impact, they had to learn to solve problems as entrepreneurs. With the help of DifferenceMaker® and their mentors, they developed an entrepreneurial mind-set and decided to build invisaWear into a company. Complexity academic level This case is suitable for an undergraduate course in business or entrepreneurship. This case is intended to illustrate to both business and non-business students how individuals with different backgrounds can become entrepreneurs. Presented as a real-life example of how engineering students can make the transition to an entrepreneurial mind-set, the case can also be used to hone in on select topics including opportunity recognition, problem-solving, ideation and the business model canvas.
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Cantino, Valter, Alain Devalle, Damiano Cortese, Francesca Ricciardi, and Mariangela Longo. "Place-based network organizations and embedded entrepreneurial learning." International Journal of Entrepreneurial Behavior & Research 23, no. 3 (May 2, 2017): 504–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijebr-12-2015-0303.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to develop an original six-phase model describing entrepreneurial learning in the transition of place-based enterprises toward a sustainable exploitation of natural common resources (commons). Design/methodology/approach The six-phase model proposed by this study explains the learning processes involving place-based enterprises through two important existing theories: adaptive co-management and Lachmann’s evolutionary, embedded theory of entrepreneurship. The proposed model integrates these two theories on the basis of a longitudinal case study on the fishing enterprises in an Italian marine protected area (MPA). Findings In the case study, the success factors identified by the adaptive co-management literature proved important in enabling an embedded entrepreneurial learning process consistent with Lachmann’s view. The case analysis allowed the authors to cluster these learning processes around six phases. Further, even if traditional fishing is not knowledge-intensive, this case shows the transition to a sustainable business model required intense efforts of educated institutional work and scientific research. Interestingly, the key learning processes were enabled by the emergence of a larger, networked social entity (a network form of organization) including the community of fishermen, the MPA management and a network of scientists studying the marine area ecosystem. Research limitations/implications This study is explorative and relies on a single case study. Despite this limitation, it opens up new research paths in the fields of entrepreneurship, institutional work, network organizations and adaptive management of the commons. Originality/value This study is strongly interdisciplinary; it proposes an original model based on a theoretical view that is highly innovative for organization and management studies; and addresses a relevant but overlooked issue with important societal implications.
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Kozlov, Mikhail. "Strategic entrepreneurship based model of latecomer university." International Journal of Innovation Science 10, no. 1 (March 5, 2018): 108–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijis-09-2017-0094.
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Purpose The purpose of the paper was to help resolve the problem if only the universities possessing strategic entrepreneurship manage to advance significantly in their global ranking positions, while most of their competitors fail. Design/methodology/approach Conceptual part of the study introduces a new strategic entrepreneurial latecomer university framework, based on the combination of the resource-based view, dynamic capabilities, strategic innovation, strategic entrepreneurship and latecomer organization concepts. For verification of the proposed conceptual framework, case study of the Lausanne Federal Polytechnic Institute is considered by structuring the materials of its well-documented success story of its advancing in global rankings in terms of the construct dimensions. Findings The case study findings were identification of entrepreneurial mindset, managing human resources strategically and strategic innovativeness. It confirms conceptual findings that the presence of strategic entrepreneurship construct dimensions in latecomer university is instrumental in sensing business opportunities at most lucrative market segments of scientific research, carrying out its strategic innovation responsible for university difference in strategic transformational development and exploiting the opportunities ahead of its competitors so as to become more competitive and overtake them. Research limitations/implications The main limitations of this study are that only one case of university transition to catch-up development is explored and not all strategic entrepreneurship construct distinctive dimensions are considered. The research will be further elaborated to incorporate all strategic entrepreneurship construct dimensions. Practical implications The approach introduced here has shown that to advance in global rankings, university should carry out its strategic innovation ahead of its competitors. Originality/value The study is supposed to be the first where university at the stage of its transition to catch-up development is considered using new framework based on strategic entrepreneurship construct dimensions.
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Boettke, Peter J., and Ennio Piano. "Baumol’s productive and unproductive entrepreneurship after 25 years." Journal of Entrepreneurship and Public Policy 5, no. 2 (August 15, 2016): 130–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jepp-12-2015-0041.
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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to consider the impact of Baumol’s work on entrepreneurship has had on framing the economic development puzzle. Design/methodology/approach – In many ways, the intuition behind the paper is straightforward. Entrepreneurs allocate their time and attention based on the relative payoffs they face in any given social setting. If the institutional environment rewards productive entrepreneurship, then the time and attention of entrepreneurial actors in the economy will be directed toward realizing the gains from trade and the gains from innovation. If, on the other hand, there are greater returns from the allocation of that time and attention toward rent-seeking and even criminal activity, alert individuals will respond to those incentives accordingly. The simplicity of the point being made is part of the brilliance in Baumol’s article. As with other classics in economics, once stated the proposition seems to be so basic it is amazing that others did not put it that way beforehand. Findings – It has been 25 years since Baumol published his paper in the Journal of Political Economy, and as pointed out, it has had a significant scientific impact. But to put things in perspective, James Buchanan’s “An economic theory of clubs” published in 1965 has accumulated roughly 3,500 citations, F.A. Hayek’s “The use of knowledge in society,” published in 1945 has over 12,000, and Ronald Coase’s “The problem of social cost” published in 1960 has over 28,000 citations. So Baumol’s paper would put him in rather elite company. The great strength of the paper is to focus the attention on the relative payoffs of productive, unproductive and destructive entrepreneurial activity. But one of the most significant disappointments of the subsequent history of this paper is a methodological one. The comparative case study approach that Baumol employed did not result in a renewed appreciation for narrative forms of empirical research in political economy. It could legitimately be argued that the sort of questions about the fundamental institutional causes of economic growth and development can only be captured with these more historical methods. Attempts to force fit this analysis into a set of methodological tools which have already revealed themselves to be inadequate to do justice of the role of institutions and disregard the underlying cultural norms and beliefs that characterize human sociability. Originality/value – In this paper, the authors will focus on the contribution made by Baumol’s 1990 paper on the field of comparative political economy, and in particular on the literature on transitional political economy. Section 2 places Baumol’s argument in the context of the failure of neoclassical growth theory. Section 3, the authors argue that although the Baumol framing was an improvement over the old comparative economic systems literature, contemporary transitional political economists have failed to fully realize the implications of the institutional revolution. They have therefore been unable to understand the causes of the heterogeneity of outcomes among those countries that transitioned from communism to the market economy in the 1990s. In Section 4, the authors argue that the political economy of transition will gain from a more sophisticated view of the economic process of the market economy, an appreciation of the entrepreneurial function, and a deeper understanding of the role of formal and informal institutions and their effect on entrepreneurship. The authors will illustrate the point with some examples from the recent history of the Russian political and economic transition. Credible commitment problems and the deficiencies of the institutional reforms of the early 1990s were responsible for the failure of reallocating the entrepreneurial talent that existed in the Soviet economy to productive economic activities. The framework can therefore be used to solve the puzzle of why the announced liberalization of Russian markets and privatization of previously state-owned resources led to economic stagnation, the growth of black markets, and the rise of organized crime, instead of economic development through the operations of smoothly operating markets. Section 5 briefly concludes.
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Marques, Ana Paula. "Higher Education and Assessment of Entrepreneurial Skills by Academic Stakeholders." European Journal of Education 2, no. 1 (April 30, 2019): 54. http://dx.doi.org/10.26417/ejed-2019.v2i1-54.
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This paper is based on a national study of entrepreneurship programmes and experiences related to non-formal and informal learning processes which have taken placed in higher education in order to promote entrepreneurial skills among (post) graduates. The notions of "Learning Society" and "Lifelong Education" are closely linked with the development of a new educational paradigm which aims to enhance learning opportunities and new applications of knowledge in "organizations of all types and in all spheres of life" (Gibb, 2005). Empirical findings are gathered from the research project called Link.EES (Learning, Innovation, Networks and Knowledge), focused on Entrepreneurship in Higher Education, and funded by the Operational Programme of technical Assistance (OPTA), by the European Social Fund (OPTA – ESF). The methodological design was divided into the following steps: application of an online survey on 57 academic stakeholders of the Portuguese public Higher Education Institutions (HEI); selection of 12 case studies of good practices in the institutions of higher education and subsequent analysis by conducting in‐depth interviews; and, finally, development of a repertoire of best practices in entrepreneurial skills and their validation by key actors and academic stakeholders. Three goals are pursued: i) a comprehensive meaning of “entrepreneurial learning”, taking into account the European concept of “entrepreneurial spirit”; ii) an increasing importance of programmes/experiences as well as infrastructures and services, related to entrepreneurial learning provided by the main academic stakeholders; iii) and finally, a crucial involvement of academic stakeholders in a collaborative effort to promote the entrepreneurship mindset in the academia. Our aim is to assess the collaborative work achieved through the direct participation of key stakeholders in entrepreneurial learning, by building a crucial repertoire of entrepreneurial skills linked to the formation, self-employment and labour market transition.
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Meyer, Natanya, and Jacques De Jongh. "The Importance of Entrepreneurship as a Contributing Factor to Economic Growth and Development: The Case of Selected European Countries." Journal of Economics and Behavioral Studies 10, no. 4(J) (September 14, 2018): 287–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.22610/jebs.v10i4(j).2428.
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Entrepreneurship has been pointed out as a key contributor to sustained economic growth and development as it not only creates employment, but increased spending in markets, knowledge transfers, employment and innovation. However, very few studies exist that empirically measures the relationship between the three variables; economic growth, economic development and entrepreneurship. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to determine and highlight the importance of entrepreneurship as a contributing factor to economic growth and development. Traditionally, economic growth is measured by the gross domestic product (GDP) of a country. As no formal measurement of economic development exists, an index was created taking into consideration the Human Development Index (HDI), percentage population above the poverty line and employment rate. The entrepreneurship development variable is measured by the Total Early-Stage Entrepreneurial Activity (TEA). The study followed a quantitative research design and made use of secondary time series data with the sample period ranging from 2005 to 2016. The study area comprised five selected member states of the European Union (EU) which included Germany, the Netherlands, Hungary, Belgium and Poland. Findings suggest that economic growth, development and entrepreneurship seem to be inexplicably connected. As several other factors may also contribute to the fluctuations of economic growth and development results differed from one country to another. However, the analyses from the Dutch, Hungarian and Polish economies for the period under consideration reveal correspondingly healthy economic and social environments where entrepreneurial climates are flourishing. The analysis from Germany and Belgium, however reveal subdued entrepreneurial development. Based on these findings, it is recommended that the development of SME sectors especially in transition economies be centralised as important focus areas towards improving economic and social growth outlooks. In turn, policy stakeholders should ensure the creation of enabling environments structured around responsive micro and macro decision-making.
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Pozzi, Daniele. "Entrepreneurship and Capabilities in a “Beginner” Oil Multinational: The Case of ENI." Business History Review 84, no. 2 (2010): 253–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0007680500002609.
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The entrepreneurial activity of Enrico Mattei, who headed the Italian state oil company AGIP (later ENI) from 1945 to 1962, laid the groundwork for the company's growth during the 1950s and 1960s. Mattei relied on a group of knowledgeable specialists, who were equipped with a complex set of capabilities that enabled them to oversee and perform operational tasks. The task of adapting that set of capabilities began in the latter half of the 1950s, when the firm underwent a transition from its main business of producing natural gas, which it had developed immediately after World War II, to prospecting for oil abroad.
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Ahadi, Sahar, and Sara Kasraie. "Contextual factors of entrepreneurship intention in manufacturing SMEs: the case study of Iran." Journal of Small Business and Enterprise Development 27, no. 4 (July 27, 2020): 633–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jsbed-02-2019-0074.
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PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to establish the contextual factors that influence entrepreneurial intention to start the small and medium enterprises (SMEs) in Iran and to investigate why some manufacturing sector entrepreneurs achieve growth objectives while others do not.Design/methodology/approachIn-depth semistructured interviews of 25 participants were used to investigate the contextual factors of entrepreneurship intention. On the basis of the data collected, a thematic content analysis has been carried out.FindingsA set of contextual and cultural factors has been highlighted by the analysis. Data analysis led to the extraction of three main themes: external, internal and personal factors that were found to be significant determinants of entrepreneurship intention. In relation to the effect of these factors on their entrepreneurial behaviors, it emerged that there were the major barriers to entrepreneurial intentions including lack of resources, financial challenges and economic situation, which affected how they made strategic decisions about their plans. Moreover, the findings show that the key dimensions of organizational structure, public policies, social media, education and soft skills development are vital features and being influential in entrepreneurship.Research limitations/implicationsThe study has industry-specific, size-specific and region-specific limitations. The qualitative research approach affects the generalizable character of the results.Practical implicationsThe research findings have important implications for practicing entrepreneurs, start-ups and policymakers. The manuscript suggests a transition to a more collaborative approach from experts and practitioners in the field through policymakers to tackling the underlying determinants of entrepreneurship intention in Iran as a motive to economic growth. This research is significant since its findings should help regulators and investors better understand the opportunities and threats among manufacturing SMEs. This study implies a step forward in research into the entrepreneurship intention and SMEs literature, since the results differ from the evidence found for large companies in developing countries such as Iran. There is also a great contribution toward the debate regarding the need to consider the context and the type of firm in enterprise development studies.Originality/valueThis is the first empirical study conducted in Iran that explores three key elements of entrepreneurship intention interactively in Iran through qualitative research analysis. The research study fills a literature gap on the determinants of manufacturing SMEs’ functions. This manuscript explores the contextual factors that influence on entrepreneurial behavior in a conflict country context, using a thematic analysis for in-depth results. A new approach to evaluating entrepreneurial opportunities was used. The advantage of this empirical strategy is that it takes into account in more detail the content observations and experiences with the industry-specific insights. It also gives more description about the contingent nature of practice. Moreover, this qualitative research acknowledged the areas of conflict and contradiction around entrepreneurship phenomena among SMEs.
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Payne, James E., and Andrea Mervar. "The entrepreneurship-unemployment nexus in Croatia." Journal of Entrepreneurship and Public Policy 6, no. 3 (November 6, 2017): 375–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jepp-d-17-00013.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to extend the literature on the entrepreneurship-unemployment nexus to the case of Croatia. Design/methodology/approach The study uses the Toda-Yamamoto causality test within a vector autoregressive model to determine the causal dynamics between the self-employment rate (SER), unemployment rate (UR), industrial production, and credit in the case of Croatia from March 1998 to December 2016. Findings The results reveal support for the recession-push hypothesis. Specifically, the authors find that an increase in the UR Granger causes an increase in the SER. Research limitations/implications Due to data availability, a more detailed analysis of self-employment by industry was prohibitive. Practical implications The results emphasize the importance of recognizing business cycle dynamics and the availability of credit when evaluating the causal relationship between entrepreneurship and unemployment. Social implications As policy makers view entrepreneurship as a potential remedy for unemployment, particular attention needs to be given to both the phases of the business cycle and credit availability to support entrepreneurial ventures in the design of policy. Originality/value Previous studies on the causal dynamics between entrepreneurship and unemployment pertain to OECD countries. This is the first study to examine a transition economy recently admitted to the European Union.
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Kekkonen, Aleksandra, Renee Pesor, and Marge Täks. "Stepping towards the Green Transition: Challenges and Opportunities of Estonian Companies." Sustainability 15, no. 5 (February 25, 2023): 4172. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su15054172.
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Addressing the sustainability crisis requires innovative approaches such as sustainable technological entrepreneurship. The case of Estonia, as an example of a twin (digital and green) transition, is examined. We explored Estonian entrepreneurs’ perceptions of challenges and opportunities related to the green transition. The data were collected via an online survey from 532 Estonian companies, focus groups, and individual semi-structured interviews with 42 experts. Survey data were analyzed using proportional odds logistic regression, and interview data were examined using thematic analysis. Based on the interview findings, the main perceived entrepreneurial opportunities related to green transitions were increasing production efficiency and favoring taxation for green products and services. The main challenges included losing competitive advantage, coping with crises, and the need for long-term planning and significant investments. Survey findings revealed that too much pressure only from politicians and a lack of innovation might increase the likelihood of perceived company cost increases. More pressure from other stakeholders and increased innovation were associated with higher odds of viewing the green transition as an opportunity. This study provides valuable insights into the perceptions of Estonian entrepreneurs regarding the challenges and opportunities of the green transition and contributes to their categorization.
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Mrshikj, Jadranka, and Jaka Vadnjal. "Strategies for growth of a family business operating in the Macedonian wine industry." Emerald Emerging Markets Case Studies 6, no. 4 (November 28, 2016): 1–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/eemcs-06-2015-0142.
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Subject area Entrepreneurial management. Study level/applicability The case is intended to be used by graduate students of Management and Entrepreneurship in the courses of Strategic Management and Entrepreneurial Management. Case overview One of the first private wineries in Republic of Macedonia, a developing country which entered market economy in the end of 1990s, has successfully been using the advantages of good soil and weather conditions to provide opportunity for excellent wine making. After almost 20 years of blazing a successful entrepreneurial trail built on innovation, strict quality control, brand building and close family hands-on management, the market soon became too small; thus, internationalization was the next logical step. This case provides local and global data on the wine industry, the Mac Wine facts and figures and financial data to help answer the questions about its future management and marketing strategies and the ownership transition. Expected learning outcomes This case has been documented to help students to understand the concept and applicability of the growth strategy of a new venture in the developing country. The students will understand how this growth was realized by answering the following questions: What are the factors that contributed to the growth of this venture? Evaluate the Mac Wine decision to build a brand based on production of high-quality wines. Is Mac Wine’s marketing strategy adequate? Is the family-owned business more of a strength or a weakness at the time being? And in the future? Supplementary materials Teaching notes are available for educators only. Please contact your library to gain login details or email support@emeraldinsight.com to request teaching notes. Subject code CSS 3: Entrepreneurship.
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Bozkurt, Ödül, Mirela Xheneti, and Vicky. "On the Front Line of the Circular Economy: The Entrepreneurial, Identity and Institutional Work of a Female Entrepreneur towards the Circular Transition." Work, Employment and Society 36, no. 1 (December 30, 2021): 156–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/09500170211043005.
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This article traces the experiences of Vicky, a female entrepreneur who runs a circular business that produces swim and activewear from regenerated fishing nets. The idea of a circular economy, which moves away from the linear economic model based on a make-use-dispose logic towards the elimination of waste and a sustainable use of the world’s resources, has rapidly gained popularity. Vicky’s story highlights the often overlooked but critical role of small businesses and their owners in this systemic change. Vicky performs three intertwined but distinct forms of work – entrepreneurial work on the business, identity work on the self and institutional work on the wider world – that all contribute to the circular transition. At the same time, Vicky exemplifies an alternative approach to entrepreneurship through a relational interpretation of circularity. Her case draws attention to how the labour of actors in the grassroots propels large-scale transitions.
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Petrariu, Radu, Marius Constantin, Mihai Dinu, Simona Roxana Pătărlăgeanu, and Mădălina Elena Deaconu. "Water, Energy, Food, Waste Nexus: Between Synergy and Trade-Offs in Romania Based on Entrepreneurship and Economic Performance." Energies 14, no. 16 (August 21, 2021): 5172. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14165172.
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Boosting the externalities across the water, energy, food, and waste (WEFW) sectors is challenging, especially considering tightening constraints such as population growth, climate change, resource-intensive lifestyles, increased waste production, sanitary crises and many others. The nexus approach supports the transition to a more sustainable future because intersectoral trade-offs can be reduced and externalities exploited, making imperative for decision makers, entrepreneurs, and civil society to simultaneously engage, with respect to all the components of the nexus. This research addressed intersectoral synergies and trade-offs in the case of the WEFW nexus in Romania, judging from the perspectives of entrepreneurial activity and economic results. The objective of this research was to explore the nexus in-depth by statistically analyzing the financial and economic indicators reported by active enterprises at county-level, based on the Romanian Ministry of Public Finance data. Research results describe the effects of the policies implemented in the fields of WEFW sectors. At the same time, attention was paid to the quality of the entrepreneurial activity, analyzed from the perspective of economic performance. This paper fills a research gap regarding the WEFW nexus by resorting to an economic and entrepreneurial performance assessment in order to find sectoral pathways toward policy cohesion in Romania. Findings suggested the existence of major trade-offs among sectors, owing to the fact that each county has a different development degree.
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Afandi, Masitah, and Mohd Rafi Yaacob. "A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW ON CROSS BORDER ENTREPRENEURSHIP - GEOGRAPHICAL, THEORETICAL AND METHODOLOGICAL GAPS." International Journal of Entrepreneurship and Management Practices 4, no. 16 (December 1, 2021): 13–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.35631/ijemp.416002.
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Cross Border Entrepreneurship (CBE) contributes to regional economic development through international opportunities recognition and exploitation. This study tends to explore and review the CBE literature to find the gaps by systematically investigating the existing literature guide by PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis) statement. This study emphasis on the country’s classification, perspective area, methods of study, as well as underpinning theories. It reveals 32 relevant research topics of the literature of CBE and highlights four main gaps. First, previous studies of CBE are yet to explore extensively in transition and developing countries. Second, areas of study lack focus on the process of identifying critical issues of CBE. Third, qualitative strategies which enable the specification of new output findings of the CBE are yet explored. Lastly, experiential learning theory, agency theory, financial theory, cash flow theory, locational condition theory, behavioural internationalization process theory, entrepreneurial opportunities theory, and human capital theory yet be utilized and diversified to develop a new understanding of a variety of challenging phenomena in the CBE studies.
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Thephavanh, Manithaythip, Joshua Neil Monty Philp, Ian Nuberg, Matthew Denton, and Kim Alexander. "Narrative Insights Reveal the Motivations of Young Agricultural Entrepreneurs in Laos." Sustainability 14, no. 20 (October 13, 2022): 13113. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su142013113.
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The participation of youth in agricultural entrepreneurship (agripreneurship) is beneficial for the sustainable development of agrarian societies that are transitioning towards the commercialization of agriculture. Accordingly, we investigated the phenomena that motivate practicing young, small- and medium-scale agripreneurs to pursue their careers, using the Lao People’s Democratic Republic (Laos) as a case study. To achieve this, we applied narrative inquiry techniques to the accounts of 74 young Laotian agripreneurs regarding their entry into agripreneurship. This enabled us to identify and describe common and influential paradigms that were subsequently interpreted from the perspective of entrepreneurship and behavioral studies of career decision making to explain the influence of motivations on the young agripreneurs. Our study has shown that despite the characteristics that set agripreneurship in Laos apart from entrepreneurship in general, commonly identified typologies of entrepreneurial motivation, particularly income, extrinsic benefits and emotional paradigms also motivate Lao youth to become agripreneurs. The application of narrative inquiry has revealed the emphasis some practicing agripreneurs in Laos place on the attainability of their career, which resulted in its practice by both opportunity-driven and necessity-driven entrepreneurs, with implications for the sustainable development of other countries in transition to commercial agriculture.
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Noble, E. J. "Entrepreneurship and Nineteenth Century Urban Growth: A Case Study of Orillia, Ontario, 1867-1898." Urban History Review 9, no. 1 (November 8, 2013): 64–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/1019350ar.
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This article examines the role local decision-makers played in the development of Orillia. This small Ontario community exhibited as high a degree of boosterism as that found in much larger centres, and the economic growth of the town was primarily the result of growth strategies pursued by Orillia's entrepreneurial decision-makers. Although this group implemented a variety of successful growth strategies, this study concentrates on two of the most important. First, the businessmen supported a progressive railway policy which brought two competing lines to the community. This action enlarged the town's hinterland and enabled local businessmen to utilize a diverse pattern of buying and selling. Second, the entrepreneurs used the municipal corporation to finance the construction of North America's first municipally owned hydro-electric power system. This development enabled the town to successfully make the transition from a declining commercial centre to a small manufacturing town.
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Guo, Grace Chun, Crystal X. Jiang, and Qin Yang. "The Effect of Government Involvement on Chinese Firms' Corporate Entrepreneurial Activities: The Case of Chinese Automobile Industry." New England Journal of Entrepreneurship 20, no. 1 (March 1, 2017): 06–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/neje-20-01-2017-b001.
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In recent decades many emerging markets (EMFs) have undertaken entrepreneurial transformations to adapt to institutional transition and industrial change. Corporate entrepreneurship (CE) provided EMFs viable ways to revitalize, reconfigure, and transform successfully with the dynamic environment. Although previous research examined government roles on EMFs' CE activities, little is known about the mechanisms of how government exerts influence on CE activities. To fully understand CE of EMFs, we propose a stage model to explore specific roles governments play that affect CE activities over time. In particular, we investigate how governments' grabbing hand, helping hand, and invisible hand roles affected Chinese auto firms' CE activities at different stages from 1980 to 2016. Government involvement is summarized and the advantages and disadvantages of these roles are analyzed.
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Calvo, Jorge. "High-Tech Start-Ups in Japan: Cogent Labs, AI-OCR Solutions for Automated Business Process Outsourcing." International Journal of Entrepreneurial Knowledge 6, no. 2 (December 1, 2018): 12–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/ijek-2018-0011.
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Abstract This business research case introduces Cogent Labs, a Japanese high-tech start-up that provides AI-driven technologies, is making the critical transition from an entrepreneur-driven to a mature management-run organization, the company’s business context and technology development. That requires to harmonize the entrepreneurial and managerial capacity, by a collaborative approach integrating cross-functional product teams. The high-tech start-up has demonstrated ability to overcome the transitional stage of the first entrepreneurship to stability and sustainability through the management, while at the same time keeping innovation by adding Natural Language Processing and Times-Series developments, and creativity; rapidly developing new products. The business case demonstrates that in the start-up to managerial transition of a high-tech start-up the key success factor lies in the motivation and coordination of the different professional cultures -scientific and engineering- that should collaborate in the AI research and fast development of viable products. The method is based on interviews conducted with key executives and a strategic analysis of the firm and its rapidly evolving context in terms of artificial intelligence (AI) and deep learning. The start-up company develops AI-based applications like Tegaki AI, supporting their initial clients from the financial sector in the incremental automation of business processes, based on AI-and Internet of Things (IoT)-driven business processes. Tegaki AI triggers non-strategic business decisions through optical character recognition (OCR) and optical handwriting recognition (OHR) algorithms that show 99.2% accuracy. This business case describes the context of entrepreneurship ecosystems in Japan and the economic emergence of business smartization solutions through the new AI paradigm and OHR.
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Yoshioka-Kobayashi, Tohru. "Institutional Factors for Academic Entrepreneurship in Publicly owned Universities in Japan: Transition from a Conservative Anti-industry University Collaboration Culture to a Leading Entrepreneurial University." Science, Technology and Society 24, no. 3 (October 15, 2019): 423–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0971721819873180.
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The establishment of university spin-offs differs across schools as a result of the interactions among different intuitional settings. This study examines the role of institutional factors in the context of state-controlled universities, which are the majority in East Asia, but have not been the focus of the existing literature. The University of Tokyo experienced a significant shift from an anti-industry university collaboration culture to a leading entrepreneurial university in the mid-2000s. This study proposes a chronological investigation of the policies and culture of this state-owned top research university and addresses its significant efforts to create an entrepreneurial environment. First, despite the regulatory constraints, the university has established an incubator and early-stage investment resource, benefiting from prior experimental experiences in an independent research centre. Second, it opened a special non-degree entrepreneurship education programme for students and postdoctoral researchers. These facts show the importance of an organisational initiative even in a state-controlled context. Regarding the reasons why such changes did not cause internal cultural conflict, our case studies suggest that the academic and commercial bicultural system introduced by the University of Tokyo balanced the fulfilment of traditional academic roles with the drive for innovation.
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Sili, Marcelo, and Jochen Dürr. "Bioeconomic Entrepreneurship and Key Factors of Development: Lessons from Argentina." Sustainability 14, no. 4 (February 21, 2022): 2447. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su14042447.
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For Argentina, a country with large biomass availability, scientific-technological capacities and a strong agro-industrial sector, bioeconomy comes with an opportunity for sustainable local and national development. As key actors in bioeconomic transition processes, entrepreneurs become an important source of information for the design and implementation of bioeconomic strategies and policies. However, bioeconomic activity cannot guarantee sustainable development outcomes. Here, we examine factors that influenced bioeconomic entrepreneurship and related sustainability outcomes. Our case study involved interviews with 23 enterprises of varying size and technological level, covering the main sectors and regions of the Argentine bioeconomy. We identify five bioeconomic pathways with distinct characteristics. Among the main factors driving development in these pathways of the Argentinian bioeconomy, entrepreneurs emphasized the rich endowment with natural resources and the high level of scientific, technological and entrepreneurial capacities. Public policies, economic stability and regulatory frameworks were considered as the most critical barriers to bioeconomic development. Entrepreneurs saw their contribution to sustainable development primarily in the generation of new knowledge and employment. Ecological or social motives were less frequently reported. Despite agricultural commodity production being the mainstay of the Argentinian bioeconomy, small-scale local initiatives, which also include socio-institutional and agro-ecological innovations, are coming up. Recommendations to improve the competitiveness of the Argentinean bioeconomy include the elaboration of a national bioeconomic development policy with the participation of private actors and their organizations, and the scientific and technological complex. Moreover, regulatory and normative frameworks have to be adapted and bureaucratic obstacles be reduced. Finally, a national strategy for the bioeconomy in Argentina should pay more attention to entrepreneurship as a driver of transformation.
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Bresler, M. G., A. R. Suleymanov, A. A. Rabogoshvili, and A. V. Serdyuk. "ВЫЗОВЫ ЦИФРОВОГО БУДУЩЕГО: ТВОРЧЕСКИЙ, ИННОВАЦИОННЫЙ И ПРЕДПРИНИМАТЕЛЬСКИЙ ПОТЕНЦИАЛ ПОКОЛЕНИЯ Z." Bulletin USPTU Science education economy Series economy 2, no. 40 (2022): 53–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.17122/2541-8904-2022-2-40-53-64.
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Gen Z has reached the age of 18-24 and will exert an essential impact on the social, economic and political processes in information/digital society. This society attaches great significance to such qualities as Sustainability-Oriented Creativity, Innovation, and Entrepreneurship (CIE), which expand opportunities for networking and creation of communications, give a competitive advantage and contribute to the development of an individual and the society. The purpose of the study is to reveal the possession of generation Z representatives of creative, innovative and entrepreneurial potential, and the presence of a propensity for creative labor. Using the information and communication method we have carried out an analysis based on literature data and our own research such as a Gen Z questionnaire survey and interview data from representatives of the older generation who communicate with young people (Gen Y&X). The completed research shows an aspiration of most of the Centennials for creative labor, proficient use of digital technologies and their desire to work in modern industries, in particular, IT-sphere. The authors of the paper concluded that the formation of the future entrepreneurship activities would be impacted by CIE factors based on horizontal ties and network interaction. It predicts the decreasing role of bureaucracy and the transition of management from organization towards coordination and facilitation of work for professionals, which allows us to assume the possibility of an optimistic forecast for the social development in the medium term. The authors believe that predictions of replacing humans with Artificial Intelligence (AI) in the industrial sector are unlikely. The high potential of the CIE will allow Generation Z to work successfully using all the achievements of digital technologies for the development of the society. This is changing the common perception of the future as a world dominated by robots, god-like elites and marginalized masses.
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Rodrigues, Margarida, Mário Franco, Rui Silva, and Cidália Oliveira. "Success Factors of SMEs: Empirical Study Guided by Dynamic Capabilities and Resources-Based View." Sustainability 13, no. 21 (November 8, 2021): 12301. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su132112301.
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This study aims to identify and analyse the success factors of small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) following the lines of dynamic capabilities and resources-based views. To achieve this objective, the multiple case study method was followed, where 10 SMEs/cases in Portugal were selected. From a content analysis of the interviews conducted to the owner-managers of these SMEs, the most important success factors identified were: (1) strategic planning, (2) manager/management capacity, (3) entrepreneurship and innovation, (4) human resources, (5) networks/partnerships, and (6) financing. These factors are considered as drivers of sustained growth and creation of competitive advantage for SMEs in their regions. The results also show that SMEs are oriented towards success, although some evolution is still needed in the way they are managed, where the transition from a “domestic/entrepreneurial” management to a “professional” management and a greater focus on the rarity of their resources and on the dynamic capabilities of their human capital stand out. Conclusions, implications and a future research agenda are also outlined.
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Kume, Vasilika. "Vasili." Emerald Emerging Markets Case Studies 1, no. 3 (July 1, 2011): 1–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/20450621111172386.
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Subject area Entrepreneurship, organizational behaviour, managerial decision making, strategic management, leadership and managing change. Study level/applicability Undergraduate business and management and MBA/Master's level management courses. Case overview The case, “Vasili” examines the life, career, and leadership style of a successful entrepreneur like Mr Vasili Naci.The case illustrates the management challenges faced in moving from a very centralized economy to a free market one. It also raises issues having to do with the management of changes that are viewed as radical by those being affected. There were significant changes taking place in early years of the twenty-first century in Albania. Vasili was determined to make the necessary changes to confront and respond better the challenges opposed to him by the new environment. In addition this case examines the importance of a right balance between education and experience in successful leadership. Expected learning outcomes The case is written to serve a number of purposes: Understanding the entrepreneurial mindset and what it takes to start an enterprise (especially in a post communist emerging economy like Albania). The transition/changes that all entrepreneurs have to go through as they grow and develop their business. Examining ways to foster leadership skills through organization and training the next generation of leaders. Supplementary materials Teaching note.
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Gashi, Rrezarta, Hana Gashi Ahmeti, and Elhame Baliu. "Challenges of women entrepreneurs in the developing economy." Corporate Governance and Organizational Behavior Review 6, no. 2 (2022): 134–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.22495/cgobrv6i2p13.
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Entrepreneurship takes a very important role in employment, improving economic and social indicators. The importance of enterprises is great for both developed and developing countries, so they are known as the key to the economic development of a country (Sharma & Gaur, 2020). Entrepreneurial women and their importance is a topic of discussion in itself in all countries of the world for the sake of gender equality in every economic and social aspect. This research aims to analyze the challenges of women entrepreneurs in the case of Kosovo. The research paper uses extensive literature and is based on secondary data provided by the Kosovo Agency of Statistics and various official reports and primary data provided by the survey, also, this work is realized based on the primary data. The purpose of this paper is to highlight the challenges faced by women entrepreneurs in transition countries, specifically in the state of Kosovo. The sample included 87 women entrepreneurs. The findings of the research paper show that childcare, care for the elderly, and access to finance remain challenges for women entrepreneurs in the case of Kosovo. The research paper further recommends increasing government support and government programs to support women entrepreneurs in all types of businesses and economic activities.
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Ahmad, Muhamad Fazil. "A Case of Noor Arfa: The Corporate Social Entrepreneurship." Al-i’lam - Journal of Contemporary Islamic Communication and Media 1, no. 1 (June 2, 2021): 94–113. http://dx.doi.org/10.33102/jcicom.vol1no1.7.
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The pressures between the economy and community development increase corporate social responsibility activities, which are more than a strategy to improve a company's corporate image and reputation. Therefore, organizations must provide different options and approaches to increase their contribution to community engagement program. This study has investigated the societal contributions made by organization undertaking entrepreneurial activities. More specifically, this study examines how Corporate Social Entrepreneurship (CSE) can provide long-term societal contributions. The study consists of an intensive case study on Noor Arfa, a Corporate Social Entrepreneurial firm started by Terengganu Batik Industry, to address the social issue of youth unemployment in Terengganu. Noor Arfa hires unemployed young adults to provide them with work experience and training. The study conducted qualitative interviews with CEOs, supervisors and trainees at Noor Arfa and performed observations during one day at Noor Arfa. The study resulted in a proposed model for CSE derived from the empirical findings and entrepreneurship literature. Significant contributions are the critical presence of a business and a social dimension required to be aligned for CSE to provide long-term societal contribution successfully. The underlying factors that affect these dimensions are also presented as well as the values generated through CSE. Additionally, new insights are presented in terms of challenges and opportunities that face a Corporate Social Entrepreneurial organization.
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Agrawal, Anirudh, and Sreevas Sahasranamam. "Corporate social entrepreneurship in India." South Asian Journal of Global Business Research 5, no. 2 (June 16, 2016): 214–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/sajgbr-12-2014-0098.
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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to analyze how corporations create social and economic value through corporate social entrepreneurial activities. Design/methodology/approach – This paper employs a multiple case study approach. The selected cases cover companies that have a clear corporate social enterprise model in operation and address different prevailing social problems. Findings – This study reveals that corporate social entrepreneurship (CSE) is driven by the environmental dynamics, organizational antecedents, and organizational outcomes. In addition, the authors found that CSE provides companies with both implicit and explicit strategic benefits. Based on the findings the authors propose an integrated model of CSE. Research limitations/implications – As all cases originate from India the authors cannot rule out the possibility that the conclusions are only valid for a certain institutional and socio-economical context. Practical implications – The developed model is useful for companies operating in complex environments in developing markets as it provides recommendations on how to strengthen social and public legitimacy and earn returns on their business investments. Moreover, the developed model helps companies operating in antagonistic environments with prevailing social problems to position themselves favorably. Social implications – The study attempts to legitimize the practice of CSE by highlighting the positive financial, social, and political outcomes. Originality/value – This study presents an integrated model of CSE in the Indian context and outlines how corporations can draw implicit and explicit benefits.
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SWARTZ, ETHNÉ M., FRANCES M. AMATUCCI, and JONATHAN T. MARKS. "CONTEXTUAL EMBEDDEDNESS AS A FRAMEWORK: THE CASE OF ENTREPRENEURSHIP IN SOUTH AFRICA." Journal of Developmental Entrepreneurship 24, no. 03 (September 2019): 1950018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1084946719500183.
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Why does South Africa underperform on benchmarks for nascent entrepreneurship? We use a contextualization framework to evaluate articles on entrepreneurship in South Africa, which appear in seven leading global entrepreneurship journals for the period 1986–2017. The literature is then discussed using a six-dimension contextualization framework. The historical and institutional dimensions of the contextualization framework unveil the path-dependent nature of entrepreneurial choice for Black South Africans. Understanding entrepreneurship in South Africa requires research designs that focus on where and when entrepreneurship developed in the country to render meaningful the why of entrepreneurial choices made by Black South Africans. This study illustrates the idiosyncratic nature of South Africa and its social, political and economic transitions, and how these have affected entrepreneurship development, particularly among previously disadvantaged Black South Africans. The nature of the South African case has broader impact and importance for developing and transitional economies.
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Miķelsone, Ilze. "CUSTOM-MADE PATCHWORK LANDSCAPE: ENTREPRENEURIAL AND PRIVATE REGIONALISM / PAGAL UŽSAKYMĄ PAGAMINTA MOZAIKA: VERSLO IR PRIVATUS REGIONALIZMAS." Mokslas – Lietuvos ateitis 6, no. 3 (May 22, 2014): 290–302. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/mla.2014.41.
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Regional identity as a subject of invented tradition is continuously updated in whole Europe; this process is especially regular in cultures of small populations, such as Latvia. It is a multilayered term, which involves a continuously changing main value-focus and numerous disciplines, including architecture. One of the ways to look at it realistically is to analyze the visually represented main hegemonic values and processes in society. Appropriate platform for this is provided by agglomeration expansion – fusion spots of the urban and the rural, thus creating a characteristic local landscape. The aim of this article is to clarify core impacts on the regional identity formation of the landscape of Riga region as observed today. Methodology is based on the case study of Mārupe County, using RES (residential) landscape inventory, urban-morphology, photo-analytical and rhetoric problem-definition methodology. Major findings lead to a conclusion of unbalanced role between the state intervention and free trade system, based on the neoliberal ideology intensified in the transition – economy zone. Thus regional spatial identity has mostly failed following any professional standards, but has rather developed as clusters with residential function, mostly under the strong impact of the market economy and entrepreneurship. Regioninis identitetas kaip naujai išrastos tradicijos samprata yra nuolatos atnaujinama visoje Europoje; šis procesas yra ypač dėsningas tokių nedidelių šalių, kaip Latvija, kultūrose. Tai daugiasluoksnis reiškinys, apimantis besikeičiančias, į vertybes orientuotas disciplinas, taip pat ir architektūrą. Vienas iš būdų į tai žiūrėti realistiškai – analizuoti vizualiai reprezentuotas pagrindines hegemonines vertybes ir procesus visuomenėje. Tam tikrą platformą šiam reiškiniui teikia aglomeracijos plėtra – miestietiškumo ir kaimiškumo sintezė, kurianti charakteringą vietinį kraštovaizdį. Šio straipsnio tikslas – išsiaiškinti nūdienos Rygos regiono kraštovaizdžio esminį poveikį regioninio identiteto formavimui. Metodologija yra pagrįsta Mārupe apygardos tyrimu, kuriam naudotas RES (gyvenamojo) kraštovaizdžio aprašo, miestų morfologijos, fotoanalitinis ir retorinis problemos įvardijimo metodai. Tyrimo rezultatai veda prie išvados, kad valstybės įsikišimo vaidmuo ir laisvoji prekybos sistema, pagrįsta neoliberalia ideologija, nėra subalansuoti ir tai sustiprėja pereinamosios ekonomikos zonoje. Taigi regioninis erdvinis identitetas ne tikslingai grindžiamas profesionaliais standartais, o vystosi daugiau kaip gyvenamosios paskirties zonos, stipriai veikiamos rinkos ekonomikos ir verslo.
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Tan, Jacob Donald, Hendrawan Supratikno, Rudy Pramono, John Tampil Purba, and Innocentius Bernarto. "Nurturing transgenerational entrepreneurship in ethnic Chinese family SMEs: exploring Indonesia." Journal of Asia Business Studies 13, no. 2 (March 21, 2019): 294–325. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jabs-04-2018-0132.
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Purpose This paper aims to explore and explain how predecessors (incumbents) of ethnic Chinese family small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) in Indonesia or appropriately called Chinese-Indonesian family SMEs nurture their successors in procuring transgenerational entrepreneurship. Design/methodology/approach A total of 25 participants were involved in this qualitative study which employed a multi-method triangulation design with the following research instruments: semi-structured in-depth interviews with experts, incumbents and successors of Chinese-Indonesian family SMEs, field notes from conversations and observations during engagement with participants affiliated to the family SMEs, a focus group discussion with academicians and literature reviews. Another key approach is source triangulation, where different participants – e.g. from among the experts, from among the incumbents, successors and family members in each family business case were interviewed and engaged outside the interview sessions. Findings The proposed theoretical framework depicts comprehensive attributes of nurturing Chinese-Indonesian successors to continue enterprising at the helm of family SMEs. Propositions are used to explain the impacts these attributes have on transgenerational entrepreneurship specifically. At the personal level, incumbents have to focus on discovering the successors’ passions and nurture them in formal education, childhood involvement, as well as bridging them in entrepreneurial knowledge through cultural values, mentorship, autonomy and role modelling. Incumbents also had to plan for their retirements to provide autonomy for successors. At the firm/family level, incumbents must be able to set a foothold on family governance, firm governance and ownership distribution to reduce conflicts in their family businesses. Furthermore, as a minority group with past traumatic experiences, Chinese-Indonesian family SMEs usually equip themselves with contingency plans to protect their assets for the long-term future. Research limitations/implications This study was conducted in Indonesia amongst Chinese-Indonesian family SMEs and thus it is not generalisable in other settings. Literature reviews on family SMEs succession are still scant, especially on the Chinese-Indonesian. Practical implications Predecessors/incumbents of Chinese-Indonesian family SMEs could consider implementing the proposed nurturing strategies to their successors to sustain the longevity of the business based on trust, stewardship and harmony. The theoretical research framework resulted from this study offers general suggestions on how to nurture the next generation specifically from personal/interpersonal perspectives, which must be accompanied by specific scopes of family and firm aspects. This study extends beyond indicating the factors (ingredients) by explaining how to nurture transgenerational entrepreneurship (cook the ingredients) in SMEs for a tactful transition. Hence, the incumbents play vital roles and must be poised to adjust their mindsets to certain aspects indicated in this study. Social implications Most overseas Chinese businesses are family-owned, and besides Indonesia constituting the largest Chinese population outside the Republic of China, this 3 per cent of Indonesia’s people are known for controlling about 70 per cent of the economy. Furthermore, SMEs play a significant role in the Indonesian economy, as they provide about 97 per cent off the country’s employment and 57.8 per cent of the gross domestic product. Hence, the longevity of Chinese-Indonesian family SMEs must be well managed to bolster the economy and social welfare of the country. Originality/value A transgenerational entrepreneurship model in the context of Chinese-Indonesian family SMEs which incorporates the nurturing process of the successor to step up the helm of the business is proposed in the study.
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Mamytbek uulu, Talgar, and Muratbek Aibashev. "Labor migration and development of human resources of the Kyrgyz Republic." Population 24, no. 2 (June 29, 2021): 154–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.19181/population.2021.24.2.14.
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The purpose of the presented research was to study the impact of labor migration on the development of human resources in Kyrgyzstan. Before collecting the data, several theoretical assumptions were identified, ranging from personal experiences of migrant workers to their remittances and new skills acquired during the migration process. A common finding of the literature on migration is that migrants are more likely to choose self-employment upon return to their origin countries. This has led to the belief that return migration stimulates entrepreneurship in source countries and hence support economic development. In this paper we test these assertions, drawing on the study of life in Kyrgyzstan, a rich longitudinal data set from transition economies with high levels of international temporary migration. We find that for return migrants, self-employment is often a temporary occupational choice, suggesting that self-employment serves as a 'parking lot'. This research used case studies with quantitative and qualitative data, as well as the authors' sociological studies. Analysis of interviews with 25 current labor migrants in Russia and 25 repatriates in Kyrgyzstan concerned the following aspects: problems and benefits of migration; development of new skills; use of money transfers; reasons to return; employment or self-employment; remittances as investments and governments assistance in entrepreneurial activities of returnees. According to the research results, it was concluded that labor migration has an impact on development, which falls within the framework of the development of human resources. This is especially noticeable with regard to remittances and new skills brought by labor migrants to the Kyrgyz Republic.
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Hu, Jianhai. "Innovation Clustering Analysis of Accurate Support Path for CSE under the Environment of Big Data." Journal of Environmental and Public Health 2022 (September 29, 2022): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/9706200.
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Facing the severe employment situation and social environment, the employment of college students has become a very important issue. The big data analysis plays a positive role in entrepreneurship, which can not only improve the success rate of entrepreneurial path selection, but also accumulate a lot of innovative practical experience for college students. Based on the importance of big data technology for entrepreneurial path, this paper proposes an innovative model of accurate support path for college students’ entrepreneurship (CSE), in which the K -means algorithm is applied to the analysis of entrepreneurial support path. Finally, this paper makes an experimental analysis on the model, and the results show that K -means can greatly reduce the computational complexity of the algorithm, and the precision, recall, and F parameter of the model can be effectively improved. The model is of great significance in improving the feasibility of college students’ entrepreneurial support policies.
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Heebøll, John. "Can Entrepreneurship Be Taught?" Industry and Higher Education 11, no. 3 (June 1997): 171–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/095042229701100309.
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Recognizing the importance of a vibrant entrepreneurial culture in the transition from an industrial to an information society, this paper addresses the question of whether entrepreneurship can be taught. A Japanese analysis, which links the ‘near-entrepreneurial experience’ – carefully targeted practical experience for students – to business birth rate, is presented as a positive indicator: by including the near-entrepreneurial experience in entrepreneurial training programmes, the business birth rate can be increased. This points towards the potential for well designed entrepreneurial education and training to achieve a higher impact than has often been assumed. As a specific example, Danish entrepreneurial culture, currently in a state of crisis, is discussed in the context of a particular approach adopted in North Zealand to revitalize the entrepreneurial spirit and direct it towards business start-up.
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Nadirov, Orkhan, and Bruce Dehning. "Tax Progressivity and Entrepreneurial Dynamics." Sustainability 12, no. 9 (April 28, 2020): 3584. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12093584.
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This study examines how tax progressivity affects entrepreneurial dynamics in 18 countries. The results show that increased downside progressivity has a positive influence on the transition rate from nascent entrepreneurship to established business ownership. In addition, only downside progressivity calculated using marginal tax rates is related to the transition ratio, implying that it is marginal tax rates, and not average tax rates, that are used in the entrepreneurial decision-making process. This paper contributes to our understanding of entrepreneurial dynamics and the effect of tax progressivity on the transition from nascent entrepreneurship to established business ownership.
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Mohamad, Armanurah. "Developing Entrepreneurial Skills Among University Students: a Case of Student Entrepreneurial Attachment Project." International Journal of Professional Business Review 8, no. 1 (January 31, 2023): e01088. http://dx.doi.org/10.26668/businessreview/2023.v8i1.1088.
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Purpose: This study aimed to explore entrepreneurial skills possess among university students after taking entrepreneurship subject, namely, Entrepreneurial Networking Management, where students have to run business under the Student Entrepreneurial. Theoretical framework: This study focused on three groups of SEAP students consisting of five to six members for each group who were attached with Campus Student Enterprise (CSE) which is the SINTOKYO business for a period of one semester. Design/methodology/approach: The study used a qualitative approch where document analysis were use to collect the data from the three group project reports and the students individual evaluation of SEAP at the end of semester. Findings: The study found that students undergone the hands-on business experience through SEAP have acquire entrepreneurial skills of know-who, namely entrepreneurial networking skills. In addition, students also acquired entrepreneurial skills of know-how, which is teamwork skills, communication skills, marketing skills, customer service skills, problem solving skills and time management skills. All these entrepreneurial skills are related to entrepreneurial networking skills in managing Sintoko business. Research, Practical & Social implications: The implication of this study showed that SEAP can be used as transformative teaching for Entrepreneurial Networking Management subject and other entrepreneurship subjects in developing entrepreneurial skills of know-who and know-how among university students. Originality/value: By exposing university students with real business experience, SEAP have potential to groom university students to be entrepreneurs during their study, thus helping university in producing graduate entrepreneurs and reducing unemployed graduates for the country.
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Rider, Christopher I., Peter Thompson, Aleksandra Kacperczyk, and Joacim Tåg. "Experience and Entrepreneurship: A Career Transition Perspective." ILR Review 72, no. 5 (June 10, 2019): 1149–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0019793919852919.
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The authors cast entrepreneurship as one of three career choices—remaining with one’s employer, changing employers, or engaging in entrepreneurship—and theorize how the likelihood of entrepreneurship evolves over one’s career. They empirically demonstrate an inverted U-shaped relationship between accumulated experience and entrepreneurship across various industries and jobs. The authors highlight the difficulty of inferring the mechanism underlying the observed relationship, despite detailed career history data and job displacement shocks that eliminate the current employer choice. These analyses motivate a formal career transitions model in which employer-specific and general skills accumulate with experience but potential employers observe only total skill. Results from the model presented here are that entrepreneurial career transitions vary with two relative costs: 1) the cost to an individual to form a business and 2) the cost to a potential employer to utilize the individual’s employer-specific skills. The authors discuss how this model contributes new insights into an entrepreneurial career.
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Daskalopoulou, Athanasia, and Alexandros Skandalis. "Consumption field driven entrepreneurship (CFDE)." European Journal of Marketing 53, no. 1 (January 7, 2019): 63–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ejm-06-2017-0424.
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PurposeThis study aims to explore how membership (initially as a consumer) in a given field shapes individuals’ entrepreneurial journey.Design/methodology/approachThe research context is cultural and creative industries and, in particular, the independent (indie) music field in which unstructured interviews were conducted with nascent and established cultural entrepreneurs.FindingsThe authors introduce and justify their theoretical framework of consumption field driven entrepreneurship (CFDE) that captures the tripartite process via which the informants make the transition from indie music consumers to entrepreneurs by developing field-specific illusio, enacting entrepreneurial habitus and acquiring legitimacy via symbolic capital accumulation within the indie music field. The authors further illustrate how these entrepreneurs adopt paradoxical logics, aesthetics and ethos of the indie music field by moving in-between its authentic and commercial discourses to orchestrate their entrepreneurial journey.Research limitations/implicationsThis study holds several theoretical implications for entrepreneurship-oriented research. First is highlighted the importance of non-financial resources (i.e. cultural and social capital) in individuals’ entrepreneurial journey. Second, this study illustrates the importance of consumption activities in the process of gaining entrepreneurial legitimation within a specific field. Finally, this study contributes to consumption-driven entrepreneurship research by offering a detailed description of individuals’ consumption-driven entrepreneurial journey.Practical implicationsThis study provides some initial practical implications for entrepreneurs within the cultural and creative industries. The authors illustrate how membership in a field (initially as a consumer) might turn into a source of skills, competences and community for entrepreneurs by mobilising and converting different forms of non-material and material field-specific capital. To acquire entrepreneurial legitimation, nascent entrepreneurs should gain symbolic capital through approval, recognition and credit from members of the indie music field. Also, entrepreneurs can acquire symbolic capital and gain entrepreneurial legitimation by either “fitting in” or “standing out” from the existing logics of the field.Originality/valueThis study contributes to the growing body of literature that examines entrepreneurship fuelled by consumption practices and passions with our theoretical framework of CFDE which outlines the transition from indie music consumers to indie music entrepreneurs.
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Tasavori, Misagh, Pervez N. Ghauri, and Reza Zaefarian. "Entering the base of the pyramid market in India." International Marketing Review 33, no. 4 (July 11, 2016): 555–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/imr-03-2014-0085.
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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to shed light on the international market expansion of multinational corporations (MNCs) to the base of the pyramid (BoP). The authors employ the corporate social entrepreneurship (CSE) perspective to reveal how MNCs can enter this market, the key enabling factors and the benefits they can gain. CSE is related to entrepreneurial and marketing strategies that are inspired by social responsibility. Design/methodology/approach – An exploratory, qualitative multiple-case study has been employed. In-depth interviews were conducted with managers from three MNCs that have entered the BoP market in India. Findings – The findings of this research confirm that successful entry into the BoP requires the pursuit of social responsibility and the adaptation of marketing strategies. In addition, MNCs should identify the key environmental factors (demand conditions and socio-political actors’ expectations) and develop organisational characteristics (management support, network orientation towards non-governmental organisations and availability of financial resources) to match. The findings of this research show that engagement in CSE in countries with considerable BoP populations can bring firms legitimacy and sustainable profitability. Research limitations/implications – This research is based on interviews with a limited number of MNCs in India. Future studies could generalise the findings of this research to a larger number of corporations in other countries. Originality/value – This research brings new insights to the field of international marketing by integrating the corporate social responsibility, marketing and entrepreneurship disciplines. The findings of this research offer empirical support for CSE and its role in international marketing strategies.
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DROEGE, SCOTT B., and MATTHEW R. MARVEL. "PROCESS MECHANISMS OF INSTITUTIONAL ENTREPRENEURSHIP." Journal of Developmental Entrepreneurship 15, no. 02 (June 2010): 205–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1084946710001518.
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Field and historical data from China delineate two specific process mechanisms that facilitate institutional change: diminished utility of regulatory controls and negotiated boundaries of institutional space. These mechanisms tend to have entrepreneurial origins and, together, create new institutions when in the context of other factors that may be present in emerging economy institutional transition. These mechanisms link praxis, or experiential participation, with institutional change, thus enhancing our understanding of the drivers of entrepreneur-initiated institutional transition. Specifically, the effectiveness of regulatory controls decreases in the presence of collective entrepreneurial action and mobilization. In addition, negotiated boundaries of institutional space increase in the presence of reflective shifts in consciousness and increased activity of potential institutional entrepreneurship.