Dissertations / Theses: 'Entrepreneurial activity'

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Minaev, Ilia. "Entrepreneurial activity in developing countries." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för organisation och entreprenörskap (OE), 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-56573.

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Modern literature has many research in the field of entrepreneurship, but most of them do not explain the characteristics of entrepreneurial activity in developing countries. Thus, this research uses regression analysis of panel data for the cross-country analysis of factors influence the level of entrepreneurial activity in 52 developing countries. The paper provides empirical information about the individual characteristics, regulatory standards countries, as well as some macroeconomic indicators. Individual factors (gender, age), indicators of respondents’ self-evaluation and assessment of the environment, in which they are located have a significant impact on entrepreneurial activity in developing economies. In terms of macroeconomic indicators, it was concluded on the positive effects of GDP growth and the lack of impact of unemployment on the level of entrepreneurial activity.

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Silvério, Ana Margarida Mendes. "Tax policy and entrepreneurial activity." Master's thesis, Instituto Superior de Economia e Gestão, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/12614.

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Mestrado em Finanças
Esta dissertação analisa o impacto da política dos benefícios fiscais para as regiões do interior em Portugal. Mais especificamente, avaliamos o efeito desta mudança de política na entrada de novas empresas e em duas características regionais sócio-demográficas: taxa de natalidade e taxa de divórcio. Estudos anteriores sugerem que a redução de impostos aumenta a rendibilidade das empresas e, portanto, a entrada de novas empresas. Também sugerem que em períodos de prosperidade económica, as condições de vida melhoram e a taxa de divórcio aumenta, enquanto que não há evidências conclusivas sobre a relação exata entre o rendimento e a natalidade. Para testar estas hipóteses, usámos uma base de dados empregador-empregado (QP - "Quadros de Pessoal") para avaliar as empresas estabelecidas entre o período de 1997 e 2007. Os dados regionais sócio-demográficos foram recolhidos do INE ("Instituto Nacional de Estatística"). Contrariamente ao esperado, a introdução da política reduz a entrada de novas empresas, assim como a taxa de natalidade e de divórcio. Obtemos resultados semelhantes usando uma variável instrumental. O efeito negativo na entrada de empresas persiste mesmo quando dividimos a nossa amostra nas diferentes fases da introdução da política. Estes resultados não são consistentes nas amostras restritas (concelhos vizinhos).
This study analyzes the impact of the tax benefits for inland regions in Portugal. More specifically, we evaluate the effect of this policy change on firm entry and on two regional socio-demographic characteristics: child birth and divorce rate. Previous studies suggest that reducing taxes increases the level of profit opportunities and, thus, the entry of new firms. They also find that in periods of economic prosperity, life conditions improve and the divorce rate increases, while there is no conclusive evidence about the exact relationship between income and child birth. To test these predictions, we use a matched employer-employee dataset (QP - "Quadros de Pessoal") to estimate firms entry between the period 1997 and 2007. Regional socio-demographic data come from Statistics Portugal (INE - "Instituto Nacional de Estatística"). Contrary to our expectations, we find that the introduction of the policy reduce firm entry, as well as the child birth and divorce rate. We obtain similar results using an instrumental variable. The negative effect on firm entry persists even when we divide our sample into the different stages of the policy introduction. These results are not consistent in restricted samples (nearby counties).

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Burak, A. "Startups in entrepreneurial activity: launching issues." Thesis, Київський національний університет технологій та дизайну, 2018. https://er.knutd.edu.ua/handle/123456789/10938.

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Zubatkina, Maria. "Minimum capital requirement policy and entrepreneurial activity." Master's thesis, Instituto Superior de Economia e Gestão, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/12710.

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Mestrado em Finanças
O presente estudo analisa o impacto da política de requisitos mínimos de capital na atividade empreendedora. Mais precisamente, investiga como uma redução dos requisitos mínimos de capital afeta a criação das empresas e a sua estrutura de capital inicial. Para a elaboração desta dissertação, utilizamos um conjunto de dados provenientes da base de dados portuguesa - SCIE, Sistema de Contas Integradas das Empresas. De forma a identificar o impacto da reforma, aplicamos o método de diferenças em diferenças usando um grupo tratado com Sociedades por Quotas e um grupo de controlo com Sociedades Anónimas. As nossas principais conclusões são que a redução dos requisitos mínimos de capital para iniciar uma start-up leva a um aumento na entrada das empresas e emprego em cerca de 15%. A reforma estimula principalmente a formação de empresas muito pequenas com um e dois funcionários. Adicionalmente, o valor do capital inicial, dívida e capital próprio para o primeiro ano de funcionamento das empresas diminui com a reforma. Contudo, a estrutura de capital inicial das novas empresas não é afetada. Não há impacto estatisticamente significativo da reforma no rácio da dívida/capital próprio das novas empresas.
This study analyzes the impact of the minimum capital requirement policy on entrepreneurial activity. More precisely, it investigates how a reduction of the minimum capital requirement affects firms' creation and their initial capital structure. Our data comes from a Portuguese database - Simplified Corporate Information (SCIE), Sistema de Contas Integradas das Empresas. We apply the difference-in-difference approach using a treated group with Sociedades por Quotas and control group of Sociedades Anonimas. We find that reducing the minimum capital required to start a business leads to an increase in firm's entry and job creation by about 15%. The reform mainly stimulates formation of very small firms with one and two employees. Also, the amounts of initial capital and first year debt and equity of start-ups decrease with the reform. However, the initial capital structure of new firms does not change. There is no statistically significant impact of the reform on the new firms? debt-to-equity ratio.
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Strauch, Kerry Elizabeth, and Ks_kes@ozemail com au. "Capturing innovation : entrepreneurial activity within an education organisation." RMIT University. Industry, Professional and Adult Training, 2005. http://adt.lib.rmit.edu.au/adt/public/adt-VIT20091028.095450.

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The 1990's in Victoria saw a political and economical shift away from the social justice themes of previous years to an economic rationalist approach to public sector services. Like other countries, educational reform initiatives focused on the introduction of market-oriented commercial practices. These were characterised by increased accountability for expenditure, pressure to supplement publicly funded income with commercial ventures, rationalisation of staff, privatisation of some services and a business-oriented approach to service provision. As part of this shift TAFE Institutes in Victoria were actively encouraged to embark on a business-based, entrepreneurial approach to training delivery in a competitive, user-choice market. This changing external environment is the context for this 'practitioner research' investigative project - the development of a motorsports program as a case study of innovation and entrepreneurship at Wodonga Institute of TAFE. A participant-observer research approach was applied to examine the perceptions of the stakeholders about the development of the program. Data was collected through semi-formal interviews with stakeholders, maintaining a reflective research journal and reviewing related literature. Analysis of the data identified emergent themes (enabling factors and barriers), reflecting at a micro level, similar themes and issues from current research and debate at national level. The themes are similarly reflected in literature on innovation, organisational change and entrepreneurship. The products generated from the investigative research project are:  Capturing Innovation: Entrepreneurial Activity Within a Publicly Funded Educational Organisation, an exegesis examining innovation and entrepreneurship at Wodonga Institute of TAFE through a case study (the motorsports program)  What a Great Idea! Where to From Here?, a set of guidelines for Wodonga Institute of TAFE practitioners about what is required in presenting their ideas to Senior Management (Appendix 1 and Appendix 2), and  a Professional development workshop agenda to support promotion of the guidelines (Appendix 2)  recommendations to Wodonga Institute of TAFE Directorate (Director/CEO and two Deputy Directors) for supporting the development of innovative ideas (Chapter 6). These outcomes aim to increase the success rate of innovative ideas being captured and developed into training programs and products at Wodonga Institute of TAFE.

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Freitas, Catarina Melo Sousa Jarnac de. "Entrepreneurial activity among dismissed individuals : evidence from Portugal." Master's thesis, Instituto Superior de Economia e Gestão, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/15165.

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Mestrado em Finanças
Face à actual situação económica e de desemprego vivida em Portugal é crucial entender se ser desempregado aumenta a intenção de criar uma empresa e se existe uma relação entre o capital humano dos desempregados empreendedores e o desempenho das suas empresas. As medidas utilizadas para avaliar o desempenho destas empresas são: A taxa de crescimento da dimensão da empresa e a sua sobrevivência no mercado. Este estudo é particularmente relevante em Portugal uma vez que o governo oferece incentivos para os indivíduos desempregados se tornarem empreendedores: Estes têm a possibilidade de receber antecipadamente o montante acumulado de todo o seu subsídio de desemprego para investir na nova empresa e têm acesso junto dos bancos a taxas de juros mais baixas para financiarem as novas firmas. Os resultados sugerem que a perda de emprego aumenta em 1% a probabilidade de criar uma nova empresa e que o capital humano destes fundadores tem um impacto positivo no desempenho destas novas empresas. Adicionalmente os nossos resultados sugerem que a faixa etária dos fundadores que cria mais oportunidades de emprego é a que inclui as idades entre 20 e 29 anos de idade.
Given the disastrous unemployment situation lived in Portugal, it is crucial to understand if dismissal events increase the entrepreneurial intent and whether there is a link between the human capital of the dismissed entrepreneurs and their firms' performance. The measures we use to evaluate the firms' performance are: the 0employment growth rate and the firm survival. Our research is particularly relevant in Portugal, where the Portuguese government provides incentives to unemployed individuals so that they can become entrepreneurs. They have the chance to receive upfront all the unemployment benefit to invest in a new venture and the banks give them access to lower interest rates. In the literature, there are many criticisms about this kind of entrepreneurship (called "necessity entrepreneurship") and about the measures promoted by the governments to push unemployed individuals to entrepreneurship. Previous literature suggests that this type of entrepreneurship does not contribute to economic growth. Our results suggest that dismissal events increase 1% the probability to establish a new firm and that the human capital of these founders positively affect firms' performance. We also conclude that the founders' age makes a difference: between the age group of 20 to 29 years their firms create more employment opportunities.
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Kravchenko, D. "Tax levers effects on the entrepreneurial activity development." Master's thesis, Sumy State University, 2020. https://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/81798.

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Метою роботи є дослідження механізму податкового впливу на розвиток підприємництва в Україні. Об’єктом дослідження є процес застосування податкових важелів для регулювання підприємницької діяльності. Предметом дослідження є економічні відносини, що виникають у процесі податкового регулювання підприємництва. Перший розділ магістерської роботи досліджує теоретичні основи податкових важелів у розвитку бізнесу. Другий розділ аналізує вплив рівня податкового навантаження на економічну діяльність підприємств. У третьому розділі представлені шляхи підвищення ефективності податкових механізмів регулювання підприємницької діяльності. Нормативно-правова база включає нормативні акти, що регулюють розвиток підприємництва за допомогою податкових важелів. Інформаційною основою роботи є наукові праці, періодичні видання, Інтернет-ресурси.

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Bravo, Monge Cris. "Identifying Cross-Country Key Drivers of Social Entrepreneurial Activity." Thesis, University of San Diego, 2018. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10622707.

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Governmental and philanthropic efforts alone are not sufficient to eradicate poverty. The world needs new frameworks that enable sustainable development by integrating the economic, social and environmental dimensions, and social entrepreneurship is of great interest because it has the capacity for facilitating societal change by fostering innovative ways to address social inequality, unemployment, and climate change. Precisely because social entrepreneurship lays at the intersection of the business and nonprofit worlds, it is a complex phenomenon, and there are many unknowns regarding how the convergence of these dimensions can be understood and managed at cross-national levels.

To investigate this phenomenon, this study used a mixed-methods sequential explanatory design to investigate the correlates of social entrepreneurship among a sample of 55 countries for which sufficient data existed. Specifically, regression analysis was first used to identify the significant socioeconomic factors that explained variation in social entrepreneurial activities both broadly and narrowly defined; then, through in-depth individual interviews with government officials and focus groups composed of social entrepreneurs, the study explored how the quantitative findings manifested in the social entrepreneurial activities in Colombia and Mexico.

Results from the regression analysis revealed the existence of different correlates for the broad and narrow definitions of social entrepreneurial activity. For example, social entrepreneurial activity broadly defined was positively associated with a well-educated labor force and the stock of immigrants, and negatively associated with long-term unemployment and the growth of carbon dioxide emissions. Narrowly defined social entrepreneurial activity, however, was positively associated with taxes on income, profit and capital gains, and the perceived standard of living in a country, while negatively associated with the growth of carbon dioxide emissions. The cases of Colombia and Mexico added detail on how these factors manifest themselves through the characteristics of the entrepreneur, business, and ecosystem.

In addition to making practical and theoretical contributions to the field of social entrepreneurship by identifying and validating the socioeconomic factors that correlate with the social entrepreneurial activity in countries, the study may help governments manage social entrepreneurship more efficiently and effectively, improving the rate of return on the resources invested in this activity.

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Aljarodi, Abdullah. "Female Entrepreneurial Activity in Saudi Arabia: An Empirical Study." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/672054.

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Les investigacions centrades en l’emprenedoria femenina han crescut gradualment en les darreres dècades. No obstant això, la majoria d’aquests estudis s’han dut a terme en països desenvolupats i és urgent que es treballi més sobre l’emprenedoria femenina a la regió de l’Orient Mitjà i el nord d’Àfrica (MENA), i específicament a l’Aràbia Saudita. El present estudi té com a objectiu suplir aquest buit. El seu propòsit és explorar els reptes a què s’enfronten les dones emprenedores a l’Aràbia Saudita, la facilitació que se’ls proporciona i els actors implicats. Per tant, la tesi té com a objectiu desenvolupar una comprensió més completa de les circumstàncies de les dones empresàries saudites, els factors que hi influeixen, i com i per què es diferencien de les de les nacions occidentals, a fi d’explorar les implicacions de la política a l’Aràbia Saudita. La investigació és el primer intent empíric per proporcionar un relat exhaustiu dels factors que afecten l’actitud de les dones envers l’emprenedoria a l’Aràbia Saudita arran d’una sèrie de canvis en l’entorn institucional formal destinats a capitalitzar els joves i, en particular, les dones. També es van analitzar els factors únics a tenir en compte a l’Aràbia Saudita; particularment l’àmplia bretxa en els rols de gènere i les pràctiques culturals generalment diferents en comparació amb les nacions occidentals, i l’estatus del país com a destinació clau per als musulmans de tot el món, una font primària d’energia essencial i un far d’estabilitat econòmica i política al Mig Regió est. En aquest estudi s’utilitza un mètode quantitatiu. En primer lloc, es van identificar els factors mitjançant la revisió sistemàtica de la literatura i les dades secundàries de l’Enquesta de població adulta realitzada per Global Entrepreneurship Monitor (GEM) i es van utilitzar per desenvolupar una enquesta principal per generar més preguntes per assolir l’objectiu principal de l’estudi. Per tant, la investigació utilitza diferents tècniques per a la seva anàlisi: revisió sistèmica de la literatura, regressió logística binària, anàlisi de factors exploratoris i modelització d’equacions estructurals. El procés de recollida de dades primàries va emprar una mostra estratificada per garantir la cobertura d’emprenedors de diferents àrees, procedències educatives i sectors laborals dins del context saudita. Les principals conclusions d’aquesta tesi suggereixen que l’entorn institucional va jugar un paper essencial en el creixement de les dones emprenedores. En aquest sentit, aquesta tesi suggereix que els factors institucionals informals són més fiables a l’hora de conduir el comportament de les dones cap a l’emprenedoria que els formals. Mitjançant l’observació empírica, els factors institucionals formals no tenen cap efecte directe a l’hora d’influir en la percepció de les dones envers les emprenedores, però a través d’institucions informals hi ha una influència significativa en les dones en l’emprenedoria. Aquesta tesi té importants implicacions tant per a la teoria com per a la política. L’estudi contribueix al desenvolupament de la teoria, ja que és essencial entendre l’efecte de les institucions sobre l’activitat empresarial femenina en un context ambiental. Paral·lelament, l’estudi juga un paper important a l’hora d’oferir recomanacions exhaustives als responsables de la presa de decisions sobre el trasllat de la càrrega adequada sobre les polítiques i els procediments i el desenvolupament de polítiques per augmentar la proporció d’empresàries.
La investigación centrada en el emprendimiento femenino ha crecido gradualmente durante las últimas décadas. La mayoría de estos estudios, sin embargo, se han realizado en países desarrollados y existe una necesidad urgente de más trabajo sobre el emprendimiento femenino en la región de Medio Oriente y África del Norte (MENA), y específicamente en Arabia Saudita. El presente estudio tiene como objetivo llenar este vacío. Su propósito es explorar los desafíos que enfrentan las mujeres emprendedoras en Arabia Saudita, la facilitación que se les brinda y los actores involucrados. Por lo tanto, la tesis tiene como objetivo desarrollar una comprensión más completa de las circunstancias de las empresarias sauditas, los factores que las influyen y cómo y por qué difieren de las de las naciones occidentales, para, en última instancia, explorar las implicaciones para la política en Arabia Saudita. La investigación es el primer intento empírico de proporcionar una descripción completa de los factores que afectan la actitud de las mujeres hacia el emprendimiento femenino en Arabia Saudita a raíz de una serie de cambios en el entorno institucional formal destinados a capitalizar a los jóvenes y particularmente a las mujeres. También se analizaron factores únicos a considerar en Arabia Saudita; En particular, la amplia brecha en los roles de género y las prácticas culturales generalmente distintas en comparación con las naciones occidentales, y el estado del país como un destino clave para los musulmanes en todo el mundo, una fuente primaria de energía esencial y un faro de estabilidad económica y política en el Medio Región este. En este estudio se utiliza un método cuantitativo. En primer lugar, los factores se identificaron mediante una revisión sistemática de la literatura y datos secundarios de la Encuesta de población adulta realizada por Global Entrepreneurship Monitor (GEM) y estos se utilizaron para desarrollar una encuesta primaria para generar más preguntas para lograr el objetivo principal del estudio. Por lo tanto, la investigación utiliza diferentes técnicas para su análisis: revisión de la literatura sistémica, regresión logística binaria, análisis factorial exploratorio y modelado de ecuaciones estructurales. El proceso de recopilación de datos primarios empleó una muestra estratificada para garantizar la cobertura de empresarios de diferentes áreas, antecedentes educativos y sectores laborales dentro del contexto saudí. Los principales hallazgos de esta tesis sugieren que el entorno institucional jugó un papel fundamental en el crecimiento de las emprendedoras. En este sentido, esta tesis sugiere que los factores institucionales informales son más confiables para impulsar el comportamiento de las mujeres hacia el emprendimiento que los formales. A través de la observación empírica, los factores de las instituciones formales no tienen un efecto directo para influir en la percepción de las mujeres hacia los empresarios, pero a través de las instituciones informales, existe una influencia significativa sobre las mujeres en el emprendimiento femenino. Esta tesis tiene importantes implicaciones tanto para la teoría como para la política. El estudio contribuye al desarrollo de la teoría, ya que es fundamental para comprender el efecto de las instituciones sobre la actividad empresarial femenina en un contexto ambiental. Al mismo tiempo, el estudio juega un papel importante al ofrecer recomendaciones integrales para los legisladores con respecto a mover la carga correcta sobre las políticas y procedimientos, y desarrollar políticas para aumentar la proporción de mujeres emprendedoras.
Research focusing on female entrepreneurship has grown gradually over the last decades. Most of these studies, however, have been conducted in developed nations and there is an urgent need for more work on female entrepreneurship in the Middle East and North Africa Region (MENA), and specifically in Saudi Arabia. The present study aims to fill this gap. Its purpose is to explore the challenges that female entrepreneurs in Saudi Arabia face, the facilitation provided to them, and the actors involved. The thesis, therefore, aims to develop a fuller understanding of the circumstances of Saudi female entrepreneurs, the factors that influence them, and how and why these differ from those in Western nations, so as ultimately to explore the implications for policy in Saudi Arabia. The research is the first empirical attempt to provide a comprehensive account of the factors affecting women’s attitude towards entrepreneurship in Saudi Arabia in the wake of a series of changes in the formal institutional environment aimed at capitalizing on youth and particularly females. Unique factors for consideration in Saudi Arabia were also analyzed; particularly the wide gap in gender roles and the generally distinct cultural practices compared to Western nations, and the status of the country as a key destination for Muslims worldwide, an essential primary source of energy, and a beacon of economic and political stability in the Middle East region. A quantitative method is used in this study. First, factors were identified by means of systematic literature review and secondary data from the Adult Population Survey conducted by Global Entrepreneurship Monitor (GEM), and these were used to develop a primary survey to generate further questions to achieve the main objective of the study. The research, therefore, uses different techniques for its analysis: systemic literature review, binary logistic regression, exploratory factor analysis, and structural equation modelling. The process of collecting primary data employed a stratified sample to ensure coverage of entrepreneurs from different areas, educational backgrounds, and work sectors within the Saudi context. The main findings of this thesis suggest that the institutional environment played an essential role in the growth of female entrepreneurs. In this regard, this thesis suggests that informal institutional factors are more reliable in driving women’s behavior towards entrepreneurship than formal ones. Through empirical observation, formal institution factors have no direct effect in influencing the perception of females toward entrepreneurs, but through informal institutions, there is a significant influence on women in entrepreneurship. This thesis has important implications for both theory and policy. The study contributes to theory development as it is essential to understand the effect of institutions on female entrepreneurial activity within an environmental context. In tandem, the study plays an important role in offering comprehensive recommendations for policymakers in respect to moving the right burden over the policies and procedures, and developing policies to increase the proportion of female entrepreneurs.
Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona. Programa de Doctorat en Creació i Gestió d'Empreses

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Alfahaid, Turki. "The role of Saudi's institutional environment on entrepreneurial activity." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/672059.

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L’evidència empírica al llarg dels anys ha demostrat que l’emprenedoria és una part essencial de qualsevol desenvolupament econòmic a causa de la seva part en la creació d’ocupació, la innovació i el benestar. No només té un paper important, sinó que també ajuda a l’economia a créixer i desenvolupar-se. Com a resultat d’això, els acadèmics i els responsables polítics han prestat més atenció a l’estudi del camp de l’emprenedoria. A més, els estudiosos han utilitzat diverses teories i mètodes per estudiar els fenòmens de l’emprenedoria, i la teoria institucional és una de les teories que s’han utilitzat i permet obtenir una millor comprensió de l’activitat emprenedora. Com a resultat, aquest estudi utilitza la teoria institucional per analitzar l’entorn emprenedor saudita i investiga com els factors institucionals influeixen en l’activitat emprenedora al país. A més, aquest estudi utilitza mètodes quantitatius per analitzar l’entorn institucional. Aquesta investigació va començar amb una revisió sistemàtica de la literatura sobre el terreny, que va identificar els factors institucionals més crítics que cal estudiar per entendre l’activitat emprenedora. Per mesurar i analitzar aquests factors, aquesta investigació utilitza dades primàries i secundàries. Les dades primàries es van recollir mitjançant una enquesta en tres etapes de l’estudi. D’altra banda, les dades secundàries que s’han utilitzat s’han obtingut del Global Entrepreneurship Monitor (GEM). Les principals conclusions d’aquesta investigació demostren que hi ha un impacte significatiu dels factors institucionals en l’activitat empresarial. L’estudi també suggereix que, si bé les institucions formals i informals tenen un impacte en l’activitat emprenedora, les institucions informals tenen un paper més important i més important. L’estudi també suggereix que les institucions informals no només afecten l’emprenedoria, sinó que també afecten la relació entre factors formals i activitat empresarial. La investigació contribueix a la literatura i la teoria aportant proves empíriques per entendre la naturalesa de l’activitat emprenedora als països en desenvolupament. No obstant això, l’estudi també ofereix als responsables de la formulació de polítiques algunes idees útils sobre com utilitzar els factors institucionals per fomentar un major creixement de l’activitat emprenedora.
La evidencia empírica a lo largo de los años ha demostrado que el emprendimiento es parte esencial de cualquier desarrollo económico por su papel en la creación de empleo, la innovación y el bienestar. No solo juega un papel importante, sino que también ayuda a que la economía crezca y se desarrolle. Como resultado de esto, académicos y políticos han prestado más atención al estudio del campo del espíritu empresarial. Además, los académicos han utilizado varias teorías y métodos para estudiar los fenómenos del emprendimiento, y la teoría institucional es una de las teorías que se han utilizado y arrojan una mejor comprensión de la actividad empresarial. Como resultado, este estudio utiliza la teoría institucional para analizar el entorno empresarial saudí e investiga cómo los factores institucionales influyen en la actividad empresarial en el país. Además, este estudio utiliza métodos cuantitativos para analizar el entorno institucional. Esta investigación se inició con una revisión sistemática de la literatura del campo, que identificó los factores institucionales más críticos que deben ser estudiados para comprender la actividad empresarial. Para medir y analizar esos factores, esta investigación utiliza datos primarios y secundarios. Los datos primarios se recopilaron mediante una encuesta en tres etapas del estudio. Por otro lado, los datos secundarios que se han utilizado se obtuvieron del Global Entrepreneurship Monitor (GEM). Los principales hallazgos de esta investigación demuestran que existe un impacto significativo de los factores institucionales en la actividad empresarial. El estudio también sugiere que, si bien las instituciones formales e informales tienen un impacto en la actividad empresarial, las instituciones informales juegan un papel más significativo e importante. El estudio también sugiere que las instituciones informales no solo impactan el espíritu empresarial, sino que también afectan la relación entre los factores formales y la actividad empresarial. La investigación contribuye a la literatura y la teoría al brindar evidencia empírica para comprender la naturaleza de la actividad empresarial en los países en desarrollo. No obstante, el estudio también ofrece a los responsables de la formulación de políticas algunas ideas útiles sobre cómo utilizar los factores institucionales para fomentar un mayor crecimiento de la actividad empresarial.
Empirical evidence throughout the years has proved that entrepreneurship is an essential part of any economic development due to its part in creating jobs, innovating and welfare. Not only does it play an important role, but it also helps the economy to grow and develop. As a result of this, scholars and policymakers have paid more attention to the study of the field of entrepreneurship. Moreover, scholars have used several theories and methods to study the phenomena of entrepreneurship, and institutional theory is one of the theories that have been used and yield a better understanding of the entrepreneurial activity. As a result, this study uses the institutional theory to analyze the Saudi entrepreneurial environment and investigates how institutional factors influence entrepreneurial activity in the country. Moreover, this study uses quantitative methods to analyze the institutional environment. This investigation started with a systematic literature review of the field, which identified the most critical institutional factors that need to be studied to understand the entrepreneurial activity. In order to measure and analyze those factors, this research uses primary and secondary data. The primary data was collected through a survey at three stages of the study. On the other hand, the secondary data that has been used was obtained from the Global Entrepreneurship Monitor (GEM). The main findings of this research prove that there is a significant impact of institutional factors on entrepreneurial activity. The study also suggests that while both formal and informal institutions impact entrepreneurial activity, informal institutions play a more significant and more important part. The study also suggests that informal institutions not only impact entrepreneurship but also impact the relationship between formal factors and entrepreneurial activity. The research contributes to the literature and theory by giving empirical evidence to understand the nature of entrepreneurial activity in developing countries. Nevertheless, the study also offers policymakers some useful insights about how to use institutional factors to encourage more growth in entrepreneurial activity.
Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona. Programa de Doctorat en Creació i Gestió d'Empreses

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Warm, Julie J. Day Nancy E. "From good to gold: predicting nonprofit engagement in entrepreneurial activity /." Diss., UMK access, 2004.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Henry W. Bloch School of Business and Public Administration. University of Missouri--Kansas City, 2004.
"A dissertation in public affairs and administration and education." Advisor: Nancy Day. Typescript. Vita. Title from "catalog record" of the print edition Description based on contents viewed Feb. 28, 2006. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 107-113). Online version of the print edition.

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Lopez-Garcia, Paloma. "Entrepreneurial activity and aggregate employment performance : theory and OECD evidence." Thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science (University of London), 2004. http://etheses.lse.ac.uk/2671/.

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Lukash, N. A. "Ways to develop startups as a form of entrepreneurial activity." Master's thesis, Сумський державний університет, 2020. https://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/81796.

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The first section explored the concept of a startup, the characteristics of a startup, and also considered the stages of the life cycle of a startup. The legal basis for regulating the activities of startups and investment activities in Ukraine was also studied. The second section studied the essence and concept of a business plan, its structure. A business plan for our own startup, an online studio “Beauty”, was also developed. The third section analyzes the work of various scientists on the advantages and disadvantages of starting startups during the economic crisis

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Casavant, Kayla Christine. "Economic development of Senegal: the impact of microfinance on entrepreneurial activity." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/192311.

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Poidi, Kanina Irène. "Processus d'innovation dans l'entrepreneuriat : la place des artefacts dans l'activité en équipe-projet." Thesis, Lyon, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LYSE2010/document.

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Cette thèse défend un modèle de l’entrepreneuriat en équipe en tant que processus dynamique, en évolution au niveau global et systémique, médiatisé par les TIC. Nous présentons l’entrepreneuriat en équipe comme une activité en contexte, qui s’incarne dans une culture, une histoire, un environnement, et qui se développe au travers même des moments d’interaction qu’elle génère. Ces moments de coopération et de coordination en équipes localisées, ou multi-localisées (Vacherand-Revel, 2017) constituent des espaces d’intersubjectivité (Zarifian 1996) dans lesquels différents artefacts entrent en jeu. Nous émettons l’hypothèse que ces artefacts dans l’activité vont participer activement au développement de l’activité entrepreneuriale innovante en servant de support à la formation des équipes, à l’élaboration des idées, et à la conception. Basées sur un protocole méthodologique qualitatif et développemental, nos analyses mettent en évidence plusieurs facteurs et ressources de l’activité, notamment le dispositif de formation entrepreneuriale, et les artefacts mobilisés par les acteurs. Ces artefacts dans l’activité (Adé, 2000), sont transformés en artefacts de l’activité au cours de processus de genèse instrumentale (Rabardel, 1995). Ils peuvent alors prendre un statut d’objets intermédiaires (Vinck, 1999, 2009) ou d’objets-frontières (Star, 2010, Vinck, 2009) au sein de l’activité. Les analyses montrent le rôle prépondérant de l’objet d’innovation, qui est l’œuvre commune de l’équipe. Il est à la fois un aboutissement et un point de départ permettant le développement des intentions de l’équipe et de la trajectoire du projet. L’objet d’innovation nait d’un processus de conception et de création (Almudever, 2012). Ces analyses montrent l’interdépendance des situations de coopération et de conception collective dans la formalisation de l’objet d’innovation. La nature du projet entrepreneurial, objet construit et en construction, souligne l’intérêt d’un dialogue entre théories de l’activité et théories de l’action
This thesis defends a model of entrepreneurship as a dynamic, global and systemic process, mediated by technologies. We present entrepreneurship as an activity in context, embodied in a culture, a story, an environment, and which develops itself through interactions. The moments of cooperation and coordination in localized teams, or multi-localized teams (Vacherand-Revel, 2017) constitute spaces of intersubjectivity (Zarifian 1996) in which different artefacts are used. We hypothesize that these artifacts in the activity will actively participate in the development of innovative entrepreneurial activity by providing support for team training, idea development, and design. Based on a qualitative and developmental methodological protocol, the analysis highlights several factors and resources of the activity, in particular the entrepreneurial training device, and the artefacts mobilized by the actors. These artifacts in the activity (Adé, 2000) are transformed into artifacts of the activity during instrumental genesis processes (Rabardel, 1995). They can then take a status of intermediate objects (Vinck, 1999, 2009) or boundary objects (Star, 2010, Vinck, 2009) within the activity. The analysis shows the predominant role of the innovation object, which is a common production of the team. It is both an outcome and a starting point for the development of intentions and the trajectory of the project. The innovation object arises from a process of design and creation (Almudever, 2012). This research shows the interdependence of the situations of cooperation and collective design in the formalization of the innovation object. The nature of the entrepreneurial project – an object built and under construction - highlights the interest of a dialogue between Activity theory and Action theories

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Meintjes, Albertus Jakobus. "The determinants of total entrepreneurial activity : a spatial approach / by Albertus Jacobus Meintjes." Thesis, North-West University, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10394/1362.

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Al, Saad Suha Hussain. "The development of tourism sector in Bahrain : entrepreneurial activity in the hotel sector." Thesis, University of Exeter, 2003. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.429634.

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Dvouletý, Ondřej. "The Determinants of Entrepreneurial Activity in the Nordic Countries During Years 2004-2013." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för organisation och entreprenörskap (OE), 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-53521.

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The positive contributions of entrepreneurship towards the economic development were already proved by the previous researchers. The main aim of this study was to analyse the determinants of entrepreneurial activity in the Nordic countries over the period of years 2004‑2013 to provide the supportive empirical analysis for the Nordic entrepreneurial policy makers. Data were obtained from the various databases and were formed into the panel dataset. Entrepreneurial activity was quantified by the two variables, rate of registered business activity and established business ownership rate. For each entrepreneurial activity, acting as the dependent variable, was estimated the set of econometric models following the econometric approach with the Fixed Effects Estimator. The results obtained for the both dependent variables did not substantially differ from each other and were generally in agreement with the results obtained by the previous scholars. The hypothesis stating the positive relationship between unemployment rate, GDP per capita and entrepreneurial activity, during the analysed period, were accepted. Also the negative impact of administrative barriers on entrepreneurial activity was confirmed. However, no statistically significant empirical support was obtained for the hypothesis assuming the positive relationship between R&D sector and entrepreneurial activity.

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Shkarupa, I. S. "Factors and instruments of managing the efficiency of entrepreneurial activity in modern transforming conditions." Thesis, Sumy State University, 2020. https://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/81026.

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Досліджуються Фактори та інструменти управління ефективністю підприємницької діяльності в сучасних умовах трансформації ринку.
Исследуются факторы и инструменты управления эффективностью предпринимательской деятельности в современных условиях трансформации рынка.
Factors and instruments for managing the effectiveness of entrepreneurial activity in modern conditions of market transformation are studied.

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Beyer, Alexander, and Blake Morgan. "Motivations for Engaging in Entrepreneurial Activity in the Informal Sector in Sub Saharan Africa." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Företagsekonomiska institutionen, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-355384.

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In this paper we investigate entrepreneurship in the informal sector in Sub-Saharan Africa. Using data from the World Bank we examine the motivational antecedents for why individuals become self-employed within the informal sector. We build on research focusing primarily on data from the formal sector to generate a number of testable hypotheses regarding individual-level predictors of opportunity status. We test our hypotheses using multiple probit model regression analyses. Our results indicate that opportunity-driven entrepreneurs comprise a large portion ofinformal sector in Sub-Saharan Africa and suggest that there are important differences between the antecedents of entrepreneurship in the informal sector in the region and the findings of research focused on the formal sectors of developed countries. Despite a number of limitations, our paper sheds important light on an interesting and comparatively understudied topic but leaves much room for future development.

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Mekanic, Sedin, and Rodriguez John Roche. "The effect of a progressive income tax system on entrepreneurial activity: Evidence from Ireland." Thesis, Internationella Handelshögskolan, Högskolan i Jönköping, JIBS Entrepreneurship Centre, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-41172.

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This paper portrays the effect of the Irish income tax system on entrepreneurial activity in the country. The purpose of the report was to determine whether tax progressivity has a negative effect on entrepreneurial activity. In addition, the paper aims to determine whether the elevated progressivity of the Irish tax system is hampering the performance of start-up companies. In order to do this, an extensive literature review led to arguing for the over-progressivity of the Irish income tax system, which allowed to develop a hypothesis. This hypothesis was then tested through a quantitative study which aimed to analyse the influence of income tax progressivity on entrepreneurial activity. The study was based on data from fifteen European countries, and the findings displayed a negative relationship between tax progressivity and entrepreneurial activity. Finally, the study addresses the common concern of excessive taxation among Irish entrepreneurs.

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Kgoroeadira, Reabetswe. "Promoting entrepreneurship as a means to foster economic development :|ba review of market failure and public policy." Thesis, Cranfield University, 2010. http://dspace.lib.cranfield.ac.uk/handle/1826/6901.

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Background and Purpose: Governments and policy makers continue to look to entrepreneurship as a vehicle to economic development. This is informed by the perception shared by governments and policy makers that entrepreneurship is a good thing and we ought to have more of it. Thus a wave of policies has emerged in the UK and elsewhere which advocates for an increase in the level of enterprise activity. Our understanding of how and when governments intervene to assist entrepreneurs, and indeed which, if any, specific entrepreneurs should receive assistance in some shape or form, still has substantial knowledge gaps. The review aims to contribute to the building of this knowledge. Methodology: The systematic review methodology was followed to examine the entrepreneurship literature. Quantitatively, the data was examined using basic descriptive statistics and content analysis. Qualitatively, the data was analyzed based on an inductive approach in order to identify emerging, frequent, dominant or significant themes that dominate in understanding entrepreneurship. Findings: This review has identified factors which affect entrepreneurial performance, the market failure that result as well as the policy instruments defined in literature that aim to rectify the perceived market failure. Different typologies were identified which illustrate how the different policy instruments are categorised. Further, this review highlights the complex nature of public policy and entrepreneurship and raises the importance of adopting a more coherent “holistic” approach when advocating for intervention in entrepreneurship and public policy.

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Kronholm, Thomas. "Entrepreneurial activity under market regulations : A qualitative study about entrepreneurship in the Swedish brewery industry." Thesis, Umeå University, Umeå School of Business, 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-23998.

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Sweden has a long tradition of strict alcohol policies and market regulations have been used in order to keep down the consumption among the population. The state has controlled the market through monopolies and high alcohol taxes. When Sweden entered the European Union four of the five monopolies were abandoned. At the same time entrepreneurial micro-breweries started to enter the market. The market is regulated by a retail monopoly (Systembolaget) and regulation considering marketing and production of alcohol products. The aim of the study was to investigate how the regulations have affected the entrepreneurs in the industry and which strategies they are using in order to compete with the big breweries which are dominating the market. Further, because it is an industry still under development, the issue of legitimacy for new industries is also included in the study.

In order to develop the understanding of how the entrepreneurial process might look like and which strategies that are available at an early stage in the process a theoretical framework was constructed. This includes theories about opportunity discovery and creation, market driven or market driving entrepreneurship, branding, and industry legitimacy.

The study has been done through a qualitative method based on interviews with three entrepreneurs who are founders of micro-breweries. The results of this study shows that the market regulations act both as a support and as a hinder for the entrepreneurial activity in the industry. Due to Systembolaget's formal procedures for selecting products to their assortment, the small companies are able to compete at same condition as the bigger players in the process. However, there are regulations which hinder an effective marketing of the companies, especially when potential customers are visiting the breweries and do not have the possibility to buy the product on site.

The lack of understanding among politicians for the values which guide the micro-breweries work is one reason to why the industry still struggles to gain legitimacy. A micro-brewers association has recently been founded in order to organize the entrepreneurs in a better way. This might lead to increased knowledge about their work in the future.

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Watkins, Andrew. "Collaborative venture capital activity in the London metropolitan region : entrepreneurial capacity building through corporate partnering?" Thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science (University of London), 2013. http://etheses.lse.ac.uk/763/.

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Venture capital firms are collaborative and location specific actors. A significant source of specialised factor inputs (knowledge, expertise, resources, and finance) for investing in new high tech companies are large corporations, making them potentially complementary partners for independent venture capital firms in collaborations from which considerable value adding capacity might be derived. Employing a qualitative approach based on in-depth interviews with 30 London based technology oriented venture capital firm, this study (1) captures and explains the how, why, and under what circumstances do venture capital firms collaborate with large corporations and their corporate venturing divisions, and (2) the role that geographic proximity plays in facilitating this collaboration. Using a cross sector comparison, the core of the research inquires as to the structures employed, and the motivations and conditions for which this collaborative activity is pursued. In addition, it assesses the facilitating role that geographic proximity, and the opportunities and capacities of the London metropolitan region might play. The findings demonstrate that collaboration between venture capital firms and large corporations is increasingly common, but more formal collaborative structures are the exception. Driving this collaboration is the exchange of complementary knowledge for purposes of better investment selection and for improving options for investment exit. Geographic proximity plays a facilitating role and is particularly important during the investment selection phase. While the significance of co-location is somewhat downplayed, collaboration is indirectly facilitated through the innovation capacities and the opportunities for network interaction and international knowledge exchange which the London metropolitan region offers.

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Ross, Andrew Grant. "Entrepreneurship and the spatial context : evidence on the location of continuing entrepreneurial activity in Scotland." Thesis, Edinburgh Napier University, 2013. http://researchrepository.napier.ac.uk/Output/6607.

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Small growing firms are widely recognised to be a key determinant of economic growth, regional prosperity and sustainable development. This thesis investigates the role of continuing entrepreneurial activity, defined by the annual rate of new VAT registered businesses within Scotland in an attempt to identify the key determinants that underpin its development and hence the contribution of small growing firms to the Scottish economy. A review of the theoretical and empirical literature reveals that the role of continuing entrepreneurship within Scotland is imperfectly understood, particularly at sub-regional level, and the empirical analysis undertaken in this thesis represents a step towards greater understanding in this area. The role of the regional environment is investigated by testing a number of hypotheses reflecting the local socio-economic characteristics of a region and the extent to which these factors are able to explain variation in rates of continuing entrepreneurial activity. Panel data models are constructed for 32 regions over a 10 year period from which a variety of hypotheses are tested and conclusions drawn. On the basis of the quantitative results and supporting qualitative interviews the research findings show that differences in rates of continuing entrepreneurial activity can most significantly be explained by population growth an indicator of local demand conditions and by the number of existing small businesses an indicator of attitudes and culture towards entrepreneurship. Human capital, access to finance and the presence of urbanisation economies were also found to significantly explain rates of continuing entrepreneurship across Scottish regions. On the basis of the results reported in this study, enterprise policy should attempt to address the entrepreneurial deficit that exists between regions and be focussed on the creation of a positive culture towards entrepreneurship in Scotland. This should involve the continued development of institutions and levers that are capable of providing an environment which encourages and actively supports an entrepreneurial culture in order to promote economic growth, job creation and higher levels of investment.

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Carvalho, João André da Silva Pereira de. "O estudo da relação entre o nível tecnológico dos países e o seu grau de atividade empreendedora." Master's thesis, Instituto Superior de Economia e Gestão, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/14750.

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Mestrado em Ciências Empresariais
Se pensarmos em toda a complexidade que existe à volta do processo de começar um negócio, percebemos que já existem muitos estudos que apontam as dificuldades, facilidades, as vantagens e desvantagens. O empreendedorismo, enquanto disciplina, tem suscitado cada vez mais atenção na comunidade académica, e isso acaba por se refletir no aumento exponencial de artigos sobre o tema. Este artigo surge na sequência do interesse no empreendedorismo, articulado com o interesse tecnológico, e visa responder à questão: existirá uma relação entre o nível tecnológico dos países, e o seu grau de atividade empreendedora? Assumindo a influência da tecnologia no quotidiano dos indivíduos, quer a um nível pessoal quer, essencialmente, a um nível profissional, seria expectável que o índice de preparação tecnológica dos países influenciasse o nível de Atividade Empreendedora (AE). Desta forma, o objetivo deste estudo passou por analisar as variáveis que compõem o índice de preparação tecnológica (NRI), e perceber se essas mesmas variáveis poderiam prever ou explicar as diferenças de AE nos vários países. Usando como base os relatórios do WEF e do GEM, foi-nos possível confirmar, neste estudo, uma relação significativa entre a AE e o índice de preparação tecnológica.
If we think about all the complexity around the process of starting a business, we can realize that there are many studies that point out the struggles, the easiness, the advantages and disadvantages. Entrepreneurship, as a discipline, has aroused more and more attention in the scholar community, and that ends up reflecting in the exponential raise of articles about this subject. This article comes up in the sequence of this interest about entrepreneurship, articulated with the technological interest, and aims to answer the question: is there a relation between the technological level of the countries, and their degree of entrepreneurial activity? Assuming the influence of technology in the everyday life of the individuals, on a personal level and, essentially, on a professional level, it would be expectable that the networked readiness index (NRI) of the countries would influence the level of entrepreneurial activity. This way, the goal of this study has passed by the analysis of the variables that compose the NRI, and understand if those same variables could predict or explain the differences of the entrepreneurial activity between countries. Using as a base the reports from WEF and GEM, it was possible to confirm, in this study, a significant relation between the entrepreneurial activity and the Networked Readiness Index.
info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion

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Lechat, Thomas. "Les événements stressants et satisfaisants de l’activité entrepreneuriale et leur impact sur la santé du dirigeant de PME." Thesis, Montpellier 1, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014MON10056/document.

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L'activité entrepreneuriale génère des séries d'événements qui sont susceptibles d'impacter à la fois l'équilibre de l'entreprise et celui de son propriétaire-dirigeant. Alors que la santé de ce dernier constitue un actif immatériel clé pour une petite organisation, les caractéristiques des événements vécus et la réaction psychologique du chef d'entreprise demeurent peu étudiées. Le but de ce travail doctoral est de combler ces lacunes communes à la santé au travail et à l'entrepreneuriat, deux champs rarement croisés. En partant d'une vision pluridisciplinaire et d'une posture épistémologique de type pragmatique, nous avons mené une recherche mixte auprès d'un panel de 357 dirigeants de PME. Une étude longitudinale qualitative fut d'abord conduite pour catégoriser sémantiquement les événements les plus marquants. Puis une étude transversale quantitative a permis la pondération des événements codés via deux construits médiateurs : le stress (réponse négative à un événement) ou la satisfaction (réponse positive). Enfin, l'influence des événements vécus sur la santé physique et mentale a été testée par des régressions linéaires multiples. Au niveau conceptuel, les résultats de cette thèse étendent la théorie des événements affectifs au champ de l'entrepreneuriat. Sur le plan méthodologique, deux inventaires d'événements sont proposés : ils capturent le stress et la satisfaction générés par l'activité entrepreneuriale. De manière pratique, des actions préventives de professionnels médicaux peuvent s'appuyer sur les qualités prédictives de la santé de ces inventaires. Présentés comme un « stressomètre » et un « satisfactomètre », ils sont aussi des outils de repérage accessibles aux travailleurs non salariés
Entrepreneurial activity generates series of events which may impact both the equilibrium of the business and the one of its owner-manager. While the health of this latter represents a key intangible asset for a small organisation, the features of the experienced events and the psychological reaction of the small business owner remain little explored. The aim of this doctoral work is to make up for these common lacks to occupational health and entrepreneurship, two fields scarcely crossed. Based on a multidisciplinary approach and an epistemological positioning of the pragmatic type, we led a mixed methods research on a panel of 357 small business owners. First, a qualitative longitudinal survey was conducted to place the most notable events experienced by the owners into semantic categories. Second, a quantitative cross-sectional questionnaire intended to weight the coded events through two mediating constructs: stress (negative response to an event) and satisfaction (positive response). Third, the influence of the events experienced on physical and mental health variance was tested through multiple linear regressions. Conceptually speaking, the results of this thesis extend the affective events theory to the field of entrepreneurship. Methodologically speaking, two checklists of events are proposed: they capture the stress and the satisfaction generated by the entrepreneurial activity. Practically speaking, some preventive actions from medical professionals can build upon the predictive qualities regarding health of these checklists. Introduced as a “stressometer” and a “satisfactometer”, they are also benchmarking tools available for the self-employed

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Kim, Jung Hoon. "The Effect of Institutional Dimensions and Cultural Dimensions on the Level of Entrepreneurial Activity Across Countries." FIU Digital Commons, 2018. https://digitalcommons.fiu.edu/etd/3820.

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Entrepreneurship research is becoming more critical to policymakers and scholars around the world. However, few scholars have explored the effect of national culture or institutions on the entrepreneurial activity using cross-national data. Furthermore, most previous scholars have been limited to formal institutions as a theoretical structure to explore the entrepreneurial activity across countries. It is crucial to include formal, informal institutions and culture to better understand about how much or why entrepreneurial activity differs across countries. To fill this gap, this study investigates how national culture and institutions impact the level of entrepreneurial activity across 30 countries using cross-national dataset from the World Bank Dataset, the GEM report, and Hofstede’s cultural dimensions during the 5-year period from 2009 to 2013. Moreover, this study used two distinct measures of the level of entrepreneurial activity as dependent variables (i.e., the rate of new start-up companies and Total Entrepreneurial Activity). The results showed that individualism, uncertainty avoidance, power distance, and long-term orientation are essential for explaining the level of entrepreneurial activity across countries. However, the results indicated that only one of the regulative dimensions (i.e., the number of start-up procedures) was significantly related to the level of entrepreneurial activity. Therefore, the finding of this study concludes that national culture may play more important roles than institutions regarding the level of entrepreneurial activity across countries.

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Wu, Amy. "The Cultural Legacy of Communism in Entrepreneurship: Entrepreneurial Perceptions and Activity in Central and Eastern Europe." Scholarship @ Claremont, 2018. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/cmc_theses/1752.

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Using data from the Global Entrepreneurship Monitor, this paper examines differences in entrepreneurial perceptions (fear of failure, opportunity perception, self-efficacy, public opinion) between CEE and non-CEE countries, before and after the 2008 recession, as well as the effects of these perceptions on entrepreneurial motivation and overall levels of activity. The results suggest that CEE countries have systematically more pessimistic outlooks in terms of fear of failure and opportunity perception, but no difference from non-CEE countries in self-efficacy and public opinion. Additionally, most of the difference in fear of failure and opportunity perception, along with an increase in necessity-motivated entrepreneurship, comes after the recession, suggesting less durability and resilience of optimistic entrepreneurial perceptions in CEE countries. Finally, there is evidence of a higher threshold for a perceived opportunity to become a business reality in these post-socialist CEE countries.

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Gajón, Gómez Eduardo. "Antecedents and consequences of entrepreneurial universities: an eclectic model for emerging economies." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/384723.

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En el contexto de la nueva economía emprendedora, el factor predominante de producción y fuente principal de competitividad es el capital del conocimiento que junto el capital emprendedor, representan la capacidad fundamental para identificar oportunidades y generar valor añadido a través de la actividad emprendedora y de la innovación. Dado que el conocimiento se crea y se transfiere básicamente en las universidades, tanto los gobiernos como la sociedad en general viene proponiendo en los últimos años modelos alternativos donde dichas universidades contribuyan en mayor medida al desarrollo regional a través del capital emprendedor y la promoción de actividades emprendedoras. La presente investigación avanza en la comprensión de los antecedentes (factores internos y del entorno) y de las consecuencias (decisión de crear una empresa por parte de los estudiantes y graduados) en el contexto de las universidades emprendedoras en economías emergentes. El estudio se fundamenta en una extensa revisión de la literatura que propone un modelo ecléctico integrando los aspectos básicos de la teoría económica institucional, la teoría de recursos y capacidades, la teoría del comportamiento planificado, la teoría social cognitiva, la teoría del crecimiento endógeno y la teoría de la difusión de conocimientos (Capítulo 2). En referencia a los antecedentes, a la luz de la teoría institucional y la teoría de recursos y capacidades, en los capítulos 3 y 4 se analizan los factores internos y externos que condicionan la creación y desarrollo de las universidades emprendedoras. En cuanto a las consecuencias, el capítulo 5 se centra en el estudio de los factores que condicionan el comportamiento emprendedor de los estudiantes, según la teoría del comportamiento planificado y la teoría social cognitiva. Como resultado y adoptando la teoría del crecimiento endógeno y la teoría de la difusión del conocimiento, en el capítulo 6 se estudia el impacto socio-económico de las decisiones emprendedoras por parte de los estudiantes universitarios. Debido a la dificultad en la obtención de datos, el modelo ecléctico considerado en la presente tesis doctoral se contrastó en tres universidades (multi-campus) emprendedoras latinoamericanas, ubicadas en México. Los resultados del estudio confirman la relevancia, directa de los factores internos y del entorno en las decisiones emprendedoras de los estudiantes y graduados universitarios. En base a los mismos, varias implicaciones se desprenden, tanto para la comunidad universitaria, como para los gestores universitarios y sociedad en general.
In the new entrepreneurial economy model, the dominant production factor and prime source of competitive advantage is knowledge capital that complemented by entrepreneurship capital represent the capacity to identify opportunities and create value through innovation and entrepreneurship. As knowledge is generated and transferred by universities, both governments and communities are demanding new models where universities contribute to regional development through the generation of entrepreneurial capital and the facilitation of entrepreneurial activities. This research provides a better understanding about the antecedents (internal and environmental factors) and consequences (students’ start-ups creation and graduates’ career decisions) of entrepreneurial universities’ activities in emerging economies. To achieve this aim, based on an extended literature review, an eclectic model was proposed integrating the main fundaments of Institutional Economics, Resource-Based View, Theory of Planned Behavior, Social Cognitive Theory, Endogenous Growth Theory, and Knowledge Spillover Theory (Chapter 2). Regarding the antecedents, based on the Institutional Economics and Resource-Based View, Chapter 3 and Chapter 4 analyze environmental and internal factors that could condition the development of entrepreneurial universities’ activities. Concerning the consequences, Chapter 5 focuses on how those factors influence the entrepreneurial behaviors or actions of their students (outcomes) in light of Theory of Planned Behavior and Social Cognitive Theory. As a result, adopting the Endogenous Growth Theory and Knowledge Spillover Theory, Chapter 6 also considers the socioeconomic impacts of those outcomes on graduates’ career decisions. Given the difficulties to obtain relevant data, the eclectic model was tested in three Latin American entrepreneurial universities, and the majority of the analysis was particularly based on information from a multi-campus, entrepreneurial university located in Mexico. Our findings confirm the relevant, direct and indirect, influence of certain internal and environmental factors on students’ start-ups and graduates’ career decisions. From these results, several implications emerged for university stakeholders (policy makers, university managers, society).

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Makhoba, Xolani Simphiwe. "A study of informal sector entrepreneurial activity within the townships in Emfuleni Local Municipality / by Xolani Simphiwe Makhoba." Thesis, North-West University, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10394/4579.

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Past research has established that South Africa has a problem of high unemployment rate. This is accompanied by a low entrepreneurship activity that tends to lag far behind that of other developing countries as measured over the years by the Global Entrepreneurship Monitor (GEM) research. Entrepreneurship and small business are well recognised for their role in both economic growth and job creation. This study set out to investigate the informal sector entrepreneurial activity in Emfuleni Local Municipality which has experienced large scale retrenchments over the past decade. A literature survey was conducted to understand the characteristics, successful practices and weaknesses that distinguish the informal sector from the formal sector. The empirical study which was conducted by means of survey questionnaire among the informal sector entrepreneurs indicated that entrepreneurship in the informal sector can provide a form of income for some people that cannot be absorbed in the formal labour market. The findings of the study was that this area of entrepreneurship is dominated by the youth as more than half of the respondents were below the age of 35 years. It was also found that most of the entrepreneurs have never been formally employed which may be problematic when it comes to skills. While most of them recognised the importance of training and skills, they were also positive that they can benefit from training especially in the area of marketing and promoting their product and services. These entrepreneurs however do not seem to be benefiting from government initiatives such as the workshops offered by the local municipality and other assistance offered by the government agencies. The low skills level of most of these entrepreneurs may also hinder their ability to grow their businesses beyond the one–man operations. It is recommended therefore that the organisations such as the National Youth Development Agency double their efforts in helping the youth to become successful small business owners. The government agencies, particularly those targeting the youth should make a conceited effort to provide training in particular to these people if they are to make a lasting impact on job creation.
Thesis (M.B.A.)--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2011.

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Stone, Kim, and n/a. "A qualitative assessment of small business establishment." University of Canberra. Administrative Studies, 1988. http://erl.canberra.edu.au./public/adt-AUC20061109.094228.

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A study of the nature of entrepreneurial activity and its use in furthering our understanding of small business establishment. An ethnographic study is presented of the business perspectives of a group of business entrepreneurs in the Riverina region of N.S.W. and a conceptual framework is developed for consideration of various qualitative issues involved in establishing a small business.

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Bryant, Charles E. Jr. "Economic Globalization: The Role of Corruption, Entrepreneurship, Economic Freedom, and Human Capital." Cleveland State University / OhioLINK, 2015. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=csu1432048276.

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Ткаченко, І. В. "Структура соціального прошарку непманської буржуазії в роки нової економічної політики." Thesis, ІнтерГрафіка, 2009. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/59844.

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У тезах окреслено проблему становлення прошарку буржуазії періоду нової економічної політики, зазначені категорії населення, які стали джерелом її поповнення, вказана роль цієї категорії суспільства у відродженні різних галузей економіки.
In the abstract the problem of formation of a layer of bourgeoisie in the period of new economic policy is outlined, the categories of population, which became the source of its replenishment are indicated, the role of this category of society in the revival of various sectors of economy is given.

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35

Salimath, Manjula S. "Social institutions and culture as drivers of cross-national entrepreneurial activity application and extensions of Institutional Anomie Theory of Entrepreneurship /." Online access for everyone, 2006. http://www.dissertations.wsu.edu/Dissertations/Spring2006/m%5Fsalimath%5F122605.pdf.

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Khoza, Dumisani. "The role of push and pull motivation factors on total early-stage entrepreneurial activity (TEA) in the Built Environment sector." Diss., University of Pretoria, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/64860.

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The study investigates the prevalence of Push motivation factors and Pull motivation factors on Total Early-Stage Entrepreneurial Activity (TEA) in the Built Environment sector. The study also seeks to establish if AjzenÕs Theory of Planned Behaviour is a suitable model for predicting Entrepreneurial Intentions (EI) within the Built Environment sector as well as measures Entrepreneurial Intentions amongst the respondents. The research design employed for this study was quantitative, exploratory and deductive. Structured and validated questionnaires were created and distributed from the survey monkey e-platform, to entrepreneurs providing professional services within the Built Environment sector. The study targeted a total of 130 responses. Feedback was received from a total of 80 respondents, with a total of 63 usable responses. Existing research argues that push motivation factors are significant drivers of TEA in developing countries. The study has determined the following in regard to the Built Environment sector. AjzenÕs Theory of Planned Behaviour (TBP) can be utilised to predict Entrepreneurial Intention (EI); Entrepreneurial Intention (EI) can be considered a precursor for choosing selfemployment for Built Environment professionals; and Pull motivation factors, measured in the form of job-satisfaction, are more prevalent than Push motivation factors, measured in the form of pre-entrepreneurial jobdissatisfaction. Outcomes from this study are fundamental in addressing the challenge of limited TEA within the professional services sector. The limitations of the study presented in section 7.4, in particular, not being able to generalize the findings into the greater population, present an opportunity for future research. This study presents an opportunity to reconstitute the research to focus on Entrepreneurial Intention (EI) and its antecedents.
Mini Dissertation (MBA)--University of Pretoria, 2017.
za2018
Gordon Institute of Business Science (GIBS)
MBA
Unrestricted

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Pavlova, Natalia, and Ruslan Sagov. "Entrepreneurship in times of an economic crisis : An explanatory research on the impact of the economic crisis on entrepreneurial activity." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för organisation och entreprenörskap (OE), 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-96029.

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Representatives of entrepreneurship always appear as one of the most vulnerable economic agents during a global crisis, especially if this crisis is of an unpredictable external nature. The purpose of this degree project is to determine the impact of an economic crisis on the development of forced and opportunity-based entrepreneurship, as well as how the context of an economic downturn affects creativity, which is a key compound of the entrepreneurial process. In order to accomplish this task, the researchers apply iterative induction strategy, resorting mainly to quantitative analysis method and ensuring that the study is credible, reliable and follows the core principles of business ethics. Within the course of the following degree project, the researchers conduct interviews with business representatives from various fields and countries, as well as analyze secondary statistics available for external crises of 20th and 21st centuries. The outcome of the research suggests that in times of a recession entrepreneurial activity based on intrinsic motivation and the use of market opportunities is suppressed due to such obstacles as unfavorable credit and uncertain economic environment, while generally compelled entrepreneurship usually develops, since it becomes one of the most effective methods to combat rising unemployment. The study also proves that government support is an important impetus for the recovery of SMEs during the post-crisis period. Last, but not least, is that the results of the interviewing and statistical data confirm that the state of an economic downturn has a positive effect on the development of creativity.

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Fine, Gregory. "Social structure and tertius iungens across the phases of entrepreneurial activity : a social network analysis of the Johannesburg Jewish community." Diss., University of Pretoria, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/59825.

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The Jewish community in South Africa is considered to be highly entrepreneurial and has positively impacted national economic growth and employment. Currently, the South African economy is faced with unemployment and low economic growth and requires positive change. The Jewish community is an example of an ethnic group rich in social capital with a well-established social network. Bearing this in mind, it is important to map the social network, understand its structural and behavioural characteristics and learn from it, in order to improve the general South African economy. Social network data within the Johannesburg Jewish community was collected with an electronic survey instrument and analysed in both a social network analysis (SNA) tool and a statistical package. The data contained 107 unique responses, which ultimately led to the development of a network which contained 871 meaningful ties. The network's structural characteristics (degree and betweenness centrality) were computed using the SNA tool and augmented with both the respondent's network orientation and entrepreneurial activity. The study demonstrated that members of the Jewish ethnic network, entrepreneurs and non-entrepreneurs equally, are likely to connect unconnected people (tertius iungens orientation) as opposed to exploiting their separation for entrepreneurial benefits (tertius gaudens orientation). Moreover, the ability of "central" members to control information flow, by virtue of their position within the network (betweenness centrality), does not differ between entrepreneurs and non-entrepreneurs. Lastly, entrepreneurs who are motivated to start or who are planning to start a venture, tend to have a greater number of connections or a higher degree centrality when compared to non-entrepreneurs and established entrepreneurs.
Mini Dissertation (MBA)--University of Pretoria, 2017.
nk2017
Gordon Institute of Business Science (GIBS)
MBA
Unrestricted

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Ogbebor, Owen Osahon. "The Sustainability of Agriculture in Nigeria Using Rubber as a Case Study." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2013. https://dc.etsu.edu/etd/2312.

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The study is an investigation of the sustainability of agriculture in Nigeria using Rubber as case study. Edo and Abia states were sampled for the study with 300 questionnaires administered in 10 communities among rubber farmers. The study is an investigation of the socio-demographic distribution of the rubber farmers, perception of rubber farmers, and influence of government activities. Sources of information and the data were cumulated for Nigeria as a whole. The data were analyzed using statistical analysis. Findings indicated the distribution of rubber farmers on socio-demographic distribution, sources of funds, and the effects on agricultural sustainability in Nigeria. Farmers’ reaction to government activities and recommendations were stated alongside the challenges encountered by the farmers and were analyzed. concluded that provision of funds, basic infrastructural facilities, government increased participation, restructuring laws and policies relating to agriculture and provision of information on improved agricultural technology are needed for agricultural sustainability in Nigeria.

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Залізький, А. А., A. Zalizsky, Р. В. Яковенко, and R. Yakovenko. "Передумови правового регулювання підприємницької діяльності." Thesis, Кіровоград : КНТУ, 2015. http://dspace.kntu.kr.ua/jspui/handle/123456789/7648.

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У статті визначено фундаментальні завдання держави у сфері правового регулювання економіки та їх наслідки, а також форми регулювання міжнародних економічних відносин. The article defines the fundamental tasks of the state in the field of legal regulation of the economy and its consequences, as well as forms of regulation of international economic relations.

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Жаренко, В. Ф. "Вдосконалення правового регулювання банкрутства суб’єктів підприємницької діяльності як ефективний засіб сприяння розвитку ринкових відносин." Thesis, Українська академія банківської справи Національного банку України, 2013. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/59054.

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Автор розглядає банкрутство суб’єктів підприємницької діяльності як ефективний засіб сприяння розвитку ринкових відносин. Пропонує напрями вдосконалення банкрутства суб’єктів підприємницької діяльності.
The author discusses the bankruptcy of businesses as an effective means of promoting the development of market relations. The author suggests areas of improvement bankrupt businesses.

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Öhrnell, Gunnar, and Yunchen Sun. "Attitude, Activity and Destination Brand Identity among Swedish Entrepreneurs in Heritage Tourism : a case study of the UNESCO site of Decorated Farmhouses in Hälsingland." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Företagsekonomiska institutionen, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-325237.

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Being one of the fastest growing industries, tourism has a trend to offer more innovative products and services. New opportunities and challenges have come for entrepreneurs and SMEs. Heritage tourism is one type of experience-based tourism where people can get historical or cultural experience. The potential of heritage tourism has attracted many entrepreneurs. It has been recognised activities are motivated by attitude within an entrepreneurial setting, however how the destination brand identity impacts the relationship from a supplier’s perspective is not clear. This thesis investigates the influence of destination brand on the entrepreneurs in a heritage tourism. A qualitative research design was constructed and the research strategy of a case study of the Swedish World Heritage site of Decorated Farmhouses of Hälsingland (Hälsingegårdar) was chosen. There are only seven farmhouses to represent the UNESCO site and also 34 non-listed farmhouses open to the public. After examining both groups, it could be concluded that the destination brand of a World Heritage Site will motivate the entrepreneurs to look for opportunities, which will strengthen their attitudes. However, the relationship between attitude and activity is weak due to the effect of other external factors.

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Fiala, Jakub. "Podnikatelský plán na rozšíření podnikatelské činnosti." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta podnikatelská, 2009. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-222331.

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The theme of this diploma thesis is the business plan for the extension of entrepreneurial activity of the firm, which is concern in a stone processing. The thesis is aimed on the analysis of the current situation of the firm and on the basis of concrete facts prepare the business plan for the extension of entrepreneurial activity.

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Pica, Karen Anne. "Achieving Enhanced Levels of Human Development Without Waiting on Advances in Economic Development." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/37633.

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World leaders, policy makers, and scholars are engaged in efforts to improve human development (HD), which, for the United Nations (UN) Development Program, is about allowing people choices in their lives and providing tools with which to make those choices. Success in increasing human development will impact the daily lives of a nationâ s citizens as well as contribute to success in meeting the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs): eight shared UN goals to improve living conditions of people around the world. The information currently available to those seeking to enhance human development measures focuses on a macro-level approach that advocates first advancing national economic development. Recent research on meeting the MDGs focuses on micro-level individual or community activities. Entrepreneurial and microfinance activity are two such micro-level activities that have been associated in research with advances in national economic development. Microfinance, particularly microcredit, activities have been associated in research with advances in some human development measures. Similar research concerning how entrepreneurial activity may relate directly to human development is lacking. This research project was designed to examine the relationships of these individual activities with human development independent of economic development. Two questions guided this study: (a) Does individual activity (either entrepreneurial or microfinance) have a direct effect on human development, separate from any effect through economic development and (b) If so, do certain types of individual activity (either entrepreneurial or microfinance) have a stronger relationship with some human development measures more than others? Due to data challenges, the scope of this research was restricted to a retrospective study examining measures of entrepreneurial activity with measures of human development. A similar exploration involving microfinance activity is planned for the future. A literature search and content analysis were conducted to determine definitions and measures. Data on nine measures were collected from 44 nations. Analyses indicated that one measure of entrepreneurial activity (own account workers-individuals owning or operating an enterprise, but hiring no employees) does have a statistically significant relationship with one measure of human development (literacy). Guidelines are also offered from lessons learned in navigating the disparate maze of conceptual and measurement issues when researching this territory. With several years remaining in the UN Millennium Development Challenge and the UN Decade of Literacy, this research may have implications for policy makers and world leaders as they seek ways to improve both economic and human development simultaneously.
Ph. D.

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Sipola, S. (Sakari). "Understanding growth and non-growth in entrepreneurial economies:analysis of startup industries and experimental winner generation in Finland, Israel and Silicon Valley." Doctoral thesis, Oulun yliopisto, 2015. http://urn.fi/urn:isbn:9789526208138.

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Abstract The importance of high-growth firms for job creation is widely acknowledged and the promotion of such firms is a key area of industry policy in developed countries. However, despite the substantial development of firm growth research and the significant public investments, in many geographies the assumed good preconditions for high-growth entrepreneurship are not producing the desired results. The purpose of this study is to increase understanding of the emergence of high-growth startups by taking a systemic view of firm growth. Instead of examining individual firms, a high-growth startup focused systemic economic actor, defined as the startup industry, is taken as the research object. The startup industry is given a certain function in economic development and resource allocation, and its processual activity in particular contexts is examined under the experimental winner generation process. Critical realism is used for systemic reasoning of firm growth. The empirical study focuses on case startup industries of Finland, Israel and Silicon Valley. The emergence of startup-related actor structures and institutions, and their functioning is analyzed first from a cultural-historical and processual perspective. Second, the organization of the experimental winner generation process and its outcomes for each case are analyzed over a period of several decades, and a cross-case comparison is conducted between the cases. The results of the study propose that each startup industry develops in time a particular target for its activities. This target, defined as the perceived winner, is the key for alignment and functioning of the startup industry as a whole. Examination of this concept enables us to understand the logics of the firm growth at the wider system level and on that basis to suggest some key determinants of the performance of startup industries in the long run. The discussion of policy maker implications concludes the study
Tiivistelmä Kasvuyritykset ovat tärkeitä uusien työpaikkojen synnyttäjiä, ja teollistuneissa maissa niiden tukeminen on teollisuuspolitiikan keskiössä. Huolimatta laajasta yritysten kasvun tutkimustiedosta, merkittävistä julkisista investoinneista ja oletetuista hyvistä lähtökohdista kasvuyrittäjyydelle ei monella maantieteellisellä alueella kuitenkaan synny panostukseen verrattuna tarpeeksi kasvuyrityksiä. Tämä väitöskirja tutkii nopeasti kasvavien startup-yritysten syntymistä systeemisestä näkökulmasta. Yksittäisten yritysten sijaan tutkimuksessa määritellään tutkimuskohteeksi startup-teollisuus, kasvuhakuisiin startup-yrityksiin keskittyvä systeeminen talouden toimija, jolle annetaan tietty tehtävä talouden kehityksessä ja resurssiallokaatiossa. Startup-teollisuuden toimintaa eri konteksteissa tarkastellaan kokeellisen voittajayritysten rakentamisen prosessin avulla. Yritysten kasvua lähestytään lisäksi kriittisen realismin mukaisen kausaliteetin pohjalta. Tutkimuksen empiirinen osuus on toteutettu tapaustutkimuksena, jossa analysoidaan Suomen, Israelin ja Piilaakson startup-teollisuutta. Tutkimuskohteiden startup-yrityksiin liittyvien toimijarakenteiden ja instituutioiden kehitystä ja toimintaa analysoidaan kulttuuri-historiallisesta ja prosessuaalisesta näkökulmasta. Lisäksi kokeellisen voittajayritysten rakentamisen prosessin organisointia ja lopputuloksia analysoidaan usean vuosikymmenen ajalta sekä tapauskohtaisesti että niiden välillä. Tutkimustulokset esittävät kunkin startup-teollisuuden kehittävän ajan myötä tietyn kohteen omalle toiminnalleen. Tämä kohde, näkemys voittavasta startup-yrityksestä, linjaa koko startup-teollisuuden toimintaa. Tutkimalla tätä näkemystä voimme ymmärtää yritysten kasvun logiikoita systeemisellä tasolla, mikä mahdollistaa startup-teollisuuksien välisten rakenteellisten- ja suorituskykyerojen ymmärtämisen pitkällä aikavälillä. Tutkimuksen lopussa esitetään johtopäätöksiä poliittisen päätöksenteon kannalta

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Abrantes, Miguel João Alves. "Relação entre os componentes de liberdade económica e a actividade empreendedora de orientação internacional dos países." Master's thesis, Instituto Superior de Economia e Gestão, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/12406.

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Mestrado em Ciências Empresariais
O empreendedorismo é reconhecido como um processo dinâmico e complexo, que resulta da combinação de um conjunto de fatores. Vários estudos sugerem que a Liberdade Económica (LE) representa um dos fatores que explicam os níveis de Atividade Empreendedora (AE) dos diferentes países. Assim sendo, o objetivo do presente trabalho passa por avaliar em que medida a LE afeta ou estimula a AE nacional e internacional de cada país. Tendo como referência o Index of Economic Freedom (IEF), que mede o grau de LE presente em cada país do mundo, com base em 10 componentes, e utilizando os dados relacionados com o indicador Total early-stage Entrepreneurial Activity (TEA), do Global Entrepreneurship Monitor (GEM), neste estudo foi identificada uma relação significativa entre alguns dos componentes de LE e a AE. Países caracterizados por: elevada LE (no global), Liberdade Financeira, com elevados Gastos do Governo e fracas Liberdade Fiscal, Empresarial e de Comércio favorecem o aumento da AE. Outro dos objetivos passa por perceber se esta relação se mantém, quando a motivação para empreender é internacional (International Orientation early-stage Entrepreneurial Activity). Os resultados demonstram que os países que impulsionam a AE de orientação internacional são caracterizados por uma forte proteção dos Direitos de Propriedade, Gastos do Governo baixos e uma elevada Liberdade Empresarial, do Comércio, e do Investimento.
Entrepreneurship is recognized as a dynamic and complex process that is influenced by several factors. Many studies suggest that Economic Freedom (EF) represents one of the factors that explain the Entrepreneurial Activity levels (EA) of different countries. So, the purpose of this study is to assess in what dimension the EF affects or stimulates national and international EA of each country. Based on the Index of Economic Freedom (IEF), which measures the degree of EF in the world?s nations through 10 components, and using the data related to the Total early-stage Entrepreneurial Activity (TEA) of Global Entrepreneurship Monitor (GEM), it was identified in this study a meaningful relationship between some of the EF components and EA. Countries characterized by: high EF (in general), Financial Freedom, with high Government Spending and a weak Fiscal Freedom, Business Freedom and Trade Freedom enhance the growth of EA. This study also aims to realize if this meaningful relationship is confirmed when entrepreneurship motivation is internationally oriented (International Orientation early-stage Entrepreneurial Activity). The results show that countries that increase the International Orientation EA are characterized by a high protection of Property Rights, low Government Spending and high Business Freedom, Trade Freedom, and Investment Freedom.

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Almeida, Cátia Filipa Roque de. "Relação entre as dimensões culturais e a atividade empreendedora dos Países : evidência dos dados do Global Entrepreneurship Monitor (GEM)." Master's thesis, Instituto Superior de Economia e Gestão, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/8053.

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Mestrado em Ciências Empresariais
Devido à elevada complexidade reconhecida no processo de criação e desenvolvimento de um negócio empreendedor, são já muitos os estudos que procuram responder à grande questão: o que potencia ou estimula verdadeiramente a ação empreendedora? Sabendo que os comportamentos adotados pelo indivíduo são influenciados ou condicionados pela Cultura Nacional do seu país, seria de antecipar que esta poderá representar um significativo preditor da Atividade Empreendedora (AE). Assim, o objetivo deste trabalho foi analisar e aferir em que medida ou em que condições a Cultura Nacional influencia os níveis de AE de cada país. Tendo como base o trabalho científico Global Leadership and Organizational Behavior Effectiveness (GLOBE) que caracteriza as sociedades tendo em conta 9 Dimensões Culturais, e utilizando os dados relativos à Total early-stage Entrepreneurial Activity (TEA) do Global Entrepreneurship Monitor (GEM), confirmou-se neste estudo uma relação significativa entre a Cultura Nacional e a AE. Culturas caracterizadas por: elevada Uncertainty Avoidance (Aversão à Incerteza) e Power Distance (Distância ao Poder), fraco In-group Collectivism (Coletivismo de Grupo) e elevada Performance Orientation (Orientação para a Desempenho) e Humane Orientation (Orientação Humana), potenciam o crescimento da AE. Pretendeu-se também analisar se esta relação significativa se verifica quando a motivação para empreender é justificada pela Necessidade (Necessity-Driven Entrepreneurial Activity). Neste caso, os resultados demonstram que a relação entre as Dimensões Culturais são ainda mais significativas, agregando a relação significativa com mais duas dimensões, elevada Institutional Collectivism (Coletivismo Institucional) e fraca Future Orientation (Orientação para o Futuro).
Due to the high recognized complexity in the process of creation and development of an entrepreneurial business, there are many studies seeking to answer the big question: what truly potentiates or stimulates the entrepreneurial action' Knowing that the behaviors adopted by the individual are influenced or conditioned by its country National Culture, it would be predictable that it can represent a significant predictor of the Entrepreneurial Activity (EA). So, the purpose of this study was to analyze and check in what dimension or in what conditions, the National Culture influences the levels of EA from each country. Based on the scientific work Global Leadership and Organizational Behavior Effectiveness (GLOBE), which characterizes societies base on 9 Cultural Dimensions, and using the data related to the Total early-stage Entrepreneurial Activity (TEA) of Global Entrepreneurship Monitor (GEM), it was confirmed on this study a meaningful relationship between the National Culture and the EA. Cultures characterized by: high Uncertainty Avoidance and Power Distance, weak In-group Collectivism and high Performance Orientation and Humane Orientation, enhance the growth of EA. It was also intended to analyze if this meaningful relationship was confirmed, when the entrepreneurship motivation is justified by the Need (Necessity-Driven Entrepreneurial Activity). In this case, the results show that the relationship between the Cultural Dimensions are even more significant, adding a meaningful relationship with two more cultural dimensions, high Institutional Collectivism and weak Future Orientation.

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Manly, Tongila M. "Exporting After Trade Missions: A Qualitative Analysis of Small and Medium Enterprises." ScholarWorks, 2016. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/1973.

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Some U.S. small and medium enterprises (SMEs) participate in trade missions but return with no results. Accordingly, some researchers question the effectiveness of these export promotion programs. The purpose of this qualitative descriptive study was to explore the experiences of SME representatives who had attended a trade mission to South Africa. The research question explored the strategies that SME leaders required to successfully export their goods and services after a trade mission using the conceptual framework of resource-based theory. Snowball sampling was used to recruit and gather interview data from 22 SMEs. Thematic analysis of interview data and document sources, inductively and deductively coded, identified themes of strategic planning processes, country briefings, reasons for being in the country, resources, barriers, positive outcomes, and export commitments. Associated with these themes, 5 stages of the trade mission process and a model of the dynamic relationships in a trade mission emerged, which include recommendations of how to effect change in the process. The results from this study are expected to inform new interventions for export promotion programs for SME exporters. This study promotes social change by preparing SMEs to export, thus building more sustainable U.S. businesses. Applying these findings can support the development of SMEs to export and become long-term exporters benefiting the businesses, employees, and their communities through improved wages and increased tax revenues.

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Котенко, Олександр Іванович, Александр Иванович Котенко, Oleksandr Ivanovych Kotenko, Олександр Олександрович Котенко, Александр Александрович Котенко, and Oleksandr Oleksandrovych Kotenko. "Creative management as a modern tool for improving the competitiveness of Ukrainian enterprises in international area." Thesis, Sumy State University, 2017. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/64750.

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One of the most important task for modern Ukrainian science is finding the levers to speed up the entrepreneurial activity in our country. Complicated economic situation, hard consequences after the last world financial crisis, activation the competitiveness in interstate markets of goods and services and other not less important factors caused to decreasing the temps of economic development.

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Adolfsson, Johan. "Venture Capitalists on the Seed Stage Arena : A Fit or Misfit." Thesis, Linköping University, Department of Management and Economics, 2003. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-1877.

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Background: Growth oriented entrepreneurial businesses need funding for the development of their idea, technology, product etc. However, for the businesses in the very earliest stages of development, access to funding is very limited. Growing young ventures are important job creators and positively affect growth in an economy. Bridging the gap of funding to these companies is therefore on the agenda of governments around the world.

Purpose: To describe the situation facing seed stage investing venture capitalists. I will emphasize difficulties and evaluate venture capitalists ability in addressing them. Effects of the difficulties in form of access to financing for entrepreneurs and a possible need for government intervention will be examined.

Method: Empirical information from seed stage investing venture capital organizations have been collected in the form of face-to-face interviews, email- questionnaires and a telephone interview. Organizations from Sweden, Denmark and Germany are included in the study.

Result: Several factors make seed stage investing unattractive compared to later stages. Important difficulties are higher risks, high costs for fund management, goal incongruence in the investor – venture capitalist relation and lack of bargaining power for seed venture capitalists. Environmental factorsthat have an impact on seed investing are the deal flow, the investment climate and access to soft funding. Seed stage investing is a very challenging business and the difficulties are to a large extent hard to overcome. The investors more likely have to accept them and I conclude that long term profitability of seed funds is unlikely, at least in absence of government support in form of soft funding towards the entrepreneurial businesses.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Entrepreneurial activity'

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