Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Entrepôts de données – Services de santé'
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Griffier, Romain. "Intégration et utilisation secondaire des données de santé hospitalières hétérogènes : des usages locaux à l'analyse fédérée." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Bordeaux, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024BORD0479.
Full textHealthcare data can be used for purposes other than those for which it was initially collected: this is the secondary use of health data. In the hospital context, to overcome the obstacles to secondary use of healthcaree data (data and organizational barriers), a classic strategy is to set up Clinical Data Warehouses (CDWs). This thesis describes three contributions to the Bordeaux University Hospital’s CDW. Firstly, an instance-based, privacy-preserving, method for mapping numerical biology data elements is presented, with an F-measure of 0,850, making it possible to reduce the semantic heterogeneity of data. Next, an adaptation of the i2b2 clinical data integration model is proposed to enable CDW data persistence in a NoSQL database, Elasticsearch. This implementation has been evaluated on the Bordeaux University Hospital’s CDW, showing improved performance in terms of storage and query time, compared with a relational database. Finally, the Bordeaux University Hospital’s CDW environment is presented, with the description of a first CDW dedicated to local uses that can be used autonomously by end users (i2b2), and a second CDW dedicated to federated networks (OMOP) enabling participation in the DARWIN-EU federated network
Kempf, Emmanuelle. "Structuration, standardisation et enrichissement par traitement automatique du langage des données relatives au cancer au sein de l’entrepôt de données de santé de l’Assistance Publique – Hôpitaux de Paris." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023SORUS694.
Full textCancer is a public health issue for which the improvement of care relies, among other levers, on the use of clinical data warehouses (CDWs). Their use involves overcoming obstacles such as the quality, standardization and structuring of the care data stored there. The objective of this thesis was to demonstrate that it is possible to address the challenges of secondary use of data from the Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) CDW regarding cancer patients, and for various purposes such as monitoring the safety and quality of care, and performing observational and experimental clinical research. First, the identification of a minimal data set enabled to concentrate the effort of formalizing the items of interest specific to the discipline. From 15 identified items, 4 use cases from distinct medical perspectives were successfully developed: automation of calculations of safety and quality of care required for the international certification of health establishments , clinical epidemiology regarding the impact of public health measures during a pandemic on the delay in cancer diagnosis, decision support regarding the optimization of patient recruitment in clinical trials, development of neural networks regarding prognostication by computer vision. A second condition necessary for the CDW use in oncology is based on the optimal and interoperable formalization between several CDWs of this minimal data set. As part of the French PENELOPE initiative aiming at improving patient recruitment in clinical trials, the thesis assessed the added value of the oncology extension of the OMOP common data model. This version 5.4 of OMOP enabled to double the rate of formalization of prescreening criteria for phase I to IV clinical trials. Only 23% of these criteria could be automatically queried on the AP-HP CDW, and this, modulo a positive predictive value of less than 30%. This work suggested a novel methodology for evaluating the performance of a recruitment support system: based on the usual metrics (sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value), but also based on additional indicators characterizing the adequacy of the model chosen with the CDW related (rate of translation and execution of queries). Finally, the work showed how natural language processing related to the CDW data structuring could enrich the minimal data set, based on the baseline tumor dissemination assessment of a cancer diagnosis and on the histoprognostic characteristics of tumors. The comparison of textual extraction performance metrics and the human and technical resources necessary for the development of rules and machine learning systems made it possible to promote, for a certain number of situations, the first approach. The thesis identified that automatic rule-based preannotation before a manual annotation phase for training a machine learning model was an optimizable approach. The rules seemed to be sufficient for textual extraction tasks of a certain typology of entities that are well characterized on a lexical and semantic level. Anticipation and modeling of this typology could be possible upstream of the textual extraction phase, in order to differentiate, depending on each type of entity, to what extent machine learning should replace the rules. The thesis demonstrated that a close attention to a certain number of data science challenges allowed the efficient use of a CDW for various purposes in oncology
Declercq, Charlotte. "Conception et développement d'un service web de mise à jour incrémentielle pour les cubes de données spatiales." Thesis, Université Laval, 2008. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2008/25814/25814.pdf.
Full textBussière, Clémence. "Recours aux soins de santé primaires des personnes en situation de handicap : analyses économiques à partir des données de l’enquête Handicap-Santé." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016SACLS049/document.
Full textDisability is multifactorial. All its components are potential sources of barriers and disadvantages. The originality of this thesis is to take into account the complexity of disability definition to analyze the use of primary health care. The ultimate goal of primary health care is better health for all, reducing exclusion and social inequalities in access to the health care system. We approach disability in different ways, ending with a model that includes the three dimensions of a “disability situation” (functional dimension, environmental dimension and social participation). First we analyze the functional dimension considering people with disabilities as physically limited. Then, we investigate the environmental dimension through analysis among adults living in institutions. Finally, we adopt a global vision of disability that integrates all the dimensions simultaneously through the measures of latent capabilities. The estimated model approximates a fundamental inter-individual comparability and reveals all things being equal, the levels on which to act to overcome inequalities. The analyses suggest that favorable environment, societal and/or socioeconomic could offset the negative impact of the limitations and cognitive and physical restrictions. We conclude on several possible waysto improve the use of primary care: acting on the environmental dimension and acting on social participation
Alili, Hiba. "Intégration de données basée sur la qualité pour l'enrichissement des sources de données locales dans le Service Lake." Thesis, Paris Sciences et Lettres (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019PSLED019.
Full textIn the Big Data era, companies are moving away from traditional data-warehouse solutions whereby expensive and timeconsumingETL (Extract, Transform, Load) processes are used, towards data lakes in order to manage their increasinglygrowing data. Yet the stored knowledge in companies’ databases, even though in the constructed data lakes, can never becomplete and up-to-date, because of the continuous production of data. Local data sources often need to be augmentedand enriched with information coming from external data sources. Unfortunately, the data enrichment process is one of themanual labors undertaken by experts who enrich data by adding information based on their expertise or select relevantdata sources to complete missing information. Such work can be tedious, expensive and time-consuming, making itvery promising for automation. We present in this work an active user-centric data integration approach to automaticallyenrich local data sources, in which the missing information is leveraged on the fly from web sources using data services.Accordingly, our approach enables users to query for information about concepts that are not defined in the data sourceschema. In doing so, we take into consideration a set of user preferences such as the cost threshold and the responsetime necessary to compute the desired answers, while ensuring a good quality of the obtained results
Samuel, John. "Feeding a data warehouse with data coming from web services. A mediation approach for the DaWeS prototype." Thesis, Clermont-Ferrand 2, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014CLF22493/document.
Full textThe role of data warehouse for business analytics cannot be undermined for any enterprise, irrespective of its size. But the growing dependence on web services has resulted in a situation where the enterprise data is managed by multiple autonomous and heterogeneous service providers. We present our approach and its associated prototype DaWeS [Samuel, 2014; Samuel and Rey, 2014; Samuel et al., 2014], a DAta warehouse fed with data coming from WEb Services to extract, transform and store enterprise data from web services and to build performance indicators from them (stored enterprise data) hiding from the end users the heterogeneity of the numerous underlying web services. Its ETL process is grounded on a mediation approach usually used in data integration. This enables DaWeS (i) to be fully configurable in a declarative manner only (XML, XSLT, SQL, datalog) and (ii) to make part of the warehouse schema dynamic so it can be easily updated. (i) and (ii) allow DaWeS managers to shift from development to administration when they want to connect to new web services or to update the APIs (Application programming interfaces) of already connected ones. The aim is to make DaWeS scalable and adaptable to smoothly face the ever-changing and growing web services offer. We point out the fact that this also enables DaWeS to be used with the vast majority of actual web service interfaces defined with basic technologies only (HTTP, REST, XML and JSON) and not with more advanced standards (WSDL, WADL, hRESTS or SAWSDL) since these more advanced standards are not widely used yet to describe real web services. In terms of applications, the aim is to allow a DaWeS administrator to provide to small and medium companies a service to store and query their business data coming from their usage of third-party services, without having to manage their own warehouse. In particular, DaWeS enables the easy design (as SQL Queries) of personalized performance indicators. We present in detail this mediation approach for ETL and the architecture of DaWeS. Besides its industrial purpose, working on building DaWeS brought forth further scientific challenges like the need for optimizing the number of web service API operation calls or handling incomplete information. We propose a bound on the number of calls to web services. This bound is a tool to compare future optimization techniques. We also present a heuristics to handle incomplete information
Salem, Rashed. "Active XML Data Warehouses for Intelligent, On-line Decision Support." Thesis, Lyon 2, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012LYO22002.
Full textA decision support system (DSS) is an information system that supports decisionmakers involved in complex decision-making processes. Modern DSSs needto exploit data that are not only numerical or symbolic, but also heterogeneouslystructured (e.g., text and multimedia data) and coming from various sources (e.g,the Web). We term such data complex data. Data warehouses are casually usedas the basis of such DSSs. They help integrate data from a variety of sourcesto support decision-making. However, the advent of complex data imposes anothervision of data warehousing including data integration, data storage and dataanalysis. Moreover, today's requirements impose integrating complex data in nearreal-time rather than with traditional snapshot and batch ETL (Extraction, Transformationand Loading). Real-time and near real-time processing requires a moreactive ETL process. Data integration tasks must react in an intelligent, i.e., activeand autonomous way, to encountered changes in the data integration environment,especially data sources.In this dissertation, we propose novel solutions for complex data integration innear real-time, actively and autonomously. We indeed provide a generic metadatabased,service-oriented and event-driven approach for integrating complex data.To address data complexity issues, our approach stores heterogeneous data into aunied format using a metadata-based approach and XML. We also tackle datadistribution and interoperability using a service-oriented approach. Moreover, toaddress near real-time requirements, our approach stores not only integrated datainto a unied repository, but also functions to integrate data on-the-y. We also apply a service-oriented approach to track relevant data changes in near real-time.Furthermore, the idea of integrating complex data actively and autonomously revolvesaround mining logged events of data integration environment. For this sake,we propose an incremental XML-based algorithm for mining association rules fromlogged events. Then, we de ne active rules upon mined data to reactivate integrationtasks.To validate our approach for managing complex data integration, we develop ahigh-level software framework, namely AX-InCoDa (Active XML-based frameworkfor Integrating Complex Data). AX-InCoDa is implemented as Web application usingopen-source tools. It exploits Web standards (e.g., XML and Web services) andActive XML to handle complexity issues and near real-time requirements. Besidewarehousing logged events into an event repository to be mined for self-managingpurposes, AX-InCoDa is enriched with active rules. AX-InCoDa's feasibility is illustratedby a healthcare case study. Finally, the performance of our incremental eventmining algorithm is experimentally demonstrated
Minsart, Anne-Frédérique. "Impact de la mise en place d'un Centre d'Epidémiologie Périnatale en Wallonie et à Bruxelles sur les données en santé périnatale et analyse des nouvelles données sur la santé périnatale des immigrants et sur l'impact de l'indice de masse corporelle maternel." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/209481.
Full textUn problème souvent rencontré dans l’analyse des certificats de naissance est la présence de données manquantes. Des informations manquaient sur 64.0% des certificats bruxellois de janvier 2008 (situation de base). Le renforcement de l’enregistrement par le CEpiP durant l’année 2008 est lié à une diminution des informations manquantes sur les certificats initiaux (à la sortie des maternités et services d’état civil) après la première et la deuxième année d’enregistrement :20,8% et 19,5% des naissances en décembre 2008 et 2009 respectivement. Le taux résiduel de données manquantes après correction grâce aux listes envoyées aux maternités et services d’Etat civil est faible. En particulier, la nationalité d’origine des parents était souvent manquante, jusqu’à 35% à Bruxelles (données non publiées), et ce taux est passé à 2.6% en 2008 et 0.1% en 2009. Certaines données manquantes ne sont pas distribuées de façon équivalente selon la nationalité de la mère, même après correction. Les mères d’origine sub-saharienne ont les taux de remplissage les moins élevés. Enfin, le taux de mort-nés a augmenté par rapport aux données de 2007, au profit des mort-nés avant l’âge de 28 semaines, et suggère une amélioration de l’enregistrement suite au renforcement de l’information.
Les données concernant l’indice de masse corporelle des patientes sont donc relevées depuis 2009 pour l’ensemble des mères qui accouchent en Belgique. L’obésité maternelle et l’immigration sont en augmentation en Belgique, et ont été rarement étudiées au travers d’études de population sur les certificats de naissance. Des études ont pourtant montré que ces mères étaient à risque de complications périnatales, comme la césarienne ou la mortalité périnatale. L’obésité et l’immigration ont en commun le fait qu’elles recouvrent des réalités médicales, sociales et relationnelles face au personnel soignant, qui les mettent à risque de complications périnatales.
Des différences en termes de complications obstétricales et néonatales entre populations immigrantes et autochtones ont été observées en Belgique et dans d’autres pays, mais elles sont encore mal comprises.
Dans un premier travail d’analyse, nous avons évalué les taux de mortalité périnatale chez les mères immigrantes, en fonction du fait qu’elles étaient naturalisées ou non.
Le taux de mortalité périnatale est globalement plus élevé chez les mères immigrantes (8.6‰) que non-immigrantes (6.4‰).
Le taux de mortalité périnatale est globalement plus élevé chez les mères non naturalisées (10.3‰) que chez les mères naturalisées (6.1‰).
Le taux de mortalité périnatale varie selon l’origine des mères, mais dans chaque sous-groupe étudié, les mères non naturalisées ont un taux plus élevé de mortalité périnatale.
Des études ont successivement montré davantage, ou moins de césariennes chez les mères immigrantes. Peu de facteurs confondants étaient généralement pris en compte. Dans un second travail d’analyse, nous avons comparé les taux de césarienne dans plusieurs sous-groupes de nationalités.
Les taux de césarienne varient selon les sous-groupes de nationalités. Les mères originaires d’Afrique sub-saharienne ont un odds ratio ajusté pour la césarienne de 2.06 (1.62-2.63) en comparaison aux mères belges. L’odds ratio ajusté n’est plus statistiquement significatif après introduction des variables anthropométriques dans le modèle multivariable pour les mères d’Europe de l’Est, et après introduction des interventions médicales pour les mères du Maghreb.
Peu d’études ont analysé la relation entre l’obésité maternelle et les complications néonatales, et la plupart de ces études n’ont pas ajusté leurs résultats pour plusieurs variables confondantes. Nous avons eu pour but dans un troisième travail d’analyse d’étudier la relation entre l’obésité maternelle et les paramètres néonatals, en tenant compte du type de travail (induit ou spontané) et du type d’accouchement (césarienne ou voie basse). Les enfants de mères obèses ont un excès de 38% d’admission en centre néonatal après ajustement pour toutes les caractéristiques du modèle multivariable (intervalle de confiance à 95% :1.22-1.56) ;les enfants de mères obèses en travail spontané et induit ont également un excès de risque de 45% (1.21-1.73) et 34% (1.10-1.63) respectivement, alors qu’après une césarienne programmée l’excès de risque est de 18% (0.86-1.63) et non statistiquement significatif.
Les enfants de mères obèses ont un excès de 31% de taux d’Apgar à 1 minute inférieur à 7, après ajustement pour toutes les caractéristiques du modèle mutivariable (1.15-1.49) ;les enfants de mères obèses en travail spontané et induit ont également un excès de risque de 26% (1.04-1.52) et 38% (1.12-1.69) respectivement, alors qu’après une césarienne programmée l’excès de risque est de 50% (0.96-2.36) et non statistiquement significatif.
In 2008, a Centre for Perinatal Epidemiology was created inter alia to assist the Health Departments of Brussels-Capital City Region and the French Community to check birth certificates. A problem repeatedly reported in birth certificate data is the presence of missing data. The purpose of this study is to assess the changes brought by the Centre in terms of completeness of data registration for the entire population and according to immigration status. Reinforcement of data collection was associated with a decrease of missing information. The residual missing data rate was very low. Education level and employment status were missing more often in immigrant mothers compared to Belgian natives both in 2008 and 2009. Mothers from Sub-Saharan Africa had the highest missing rate of socio-economic data. The stillbirth rate increased from 4.6‰ in 2007 to 8.2‰ in 2009. All twin pairs were identified, but early loss of a co-twin before 22 weeks was rarely reported.
Differences in neonatal mortality among immigrants have been documented in Belgium and elsewhere, and these disparities are poorly understood. Our objective was to compare perinatal mortality rates in immigrant mothers according to citizenship status. Perinatal mortality rate varied according to the origin of the mother and her naturalization status: among immigrants, non-naturalized immigrants had a higher incidence of perinatal mortality (10.3‰) than their naturalized counterparts (6.1‰). In a country with a high frequency of naturalization, and universal access to health care, naturalized immigrant mothers experience less perinatal mortality than their not naturalized counterparts.
Our second objective was to provide insight into the differential effect of immigration on cesarean section rates, using Robson classification. Cesarean section rates currently vary between Robson categories in immigrant subgroups. Immigrant mothers from Sub-Saharan Africa with a term, singleton infant in cephalic position, without previous cesarean section, appear to carry the highest burden.
If it is well known that obesity increases morbidity for both mother and fetus and is associated with a variety of adverse reproductive outcomes, few studies have assessed the relation between obesity and neonatal outcomes. This is the aim of the last study, after taking into account type of labor and delivery, as well as social, medical and hospital characteristics in a population-based analysis. Neonatal admission to intensive care and low Apgar scores were more likely to occur in infants from obese mothers, both after spontaneous and
Doctorat en Sciences médicales
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
Imbaud, Claire. "Influence des technologies de santé dans les parcours de soins des personnes âgées : quel plateau médico-technique ? : éléments de réponse par l’analyse des données de santé." Thesis, Compiègne, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017COMP2380/document.
Full textThis work questions the answer to be given in terms of organization of the health technical offer and its fair distribution in the territories especially for the elderly patients with multimorbidities. It is based on the assumption that there is space for a concept of small multi-disciplinary outpatient health facilities, with a small health-technical platform, which would help to streamline and optimize care pathways. The method consisted on the one hand to study in Germany smaller community interdisciplinary health care center (the MVZ) in operation for a longer time than the the French multidisciplinary médical care centers. And on the other hand it analyzed the national heath data to reveal both the existence of comorbidités related groups and homogeneous care pathways related groups. The results are positive, both in network science analysis and in the automation of representations of complex care pathways. They made it possible to create representative patterns of groups, to characterize the consumption of care, in terms of medical devices and human resources, to quantify the cumulative distances traveled and the costs accumulated by patients according to their place of residence and the health institutions to which they are sent. We get addition elements for the definition and labeling of small community health centers, satellite of larger hospitals. This work represents a particularly useful step, both conceptual and practical, for complex health data studies of elderly
Bottani, Simona. "Machine learning for neuroimaging using a very large scale clinical datawarehouse." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022SORUS110.
Full textMachine learning (ML) and deep learning (DL) have been widely used for the computer-aided diagnosis (CAD) of neurodegenerative diseases The main limitation of these tools is that they have been mostly validated using research data sets that are very different from clinical routine ones. Clinical data warehouses (CDW) allow access to such clinical data.This PhD work consisted in applying ML/DL algorithms to data originating from the CDW of the Greater Paris area to validate CAD of neurodegenerative diseases.We developed, thanks to the manual annotation of 5500 images, an automatic approach for the quality control (QC) of T1-weighted (T1w) brain magnetic resonance images (MRI) from a clinical data set. QC is fundamental as insufficient image quality can prevent CAD systems from working properly. In the second work, we focused on the homogenization of T1w brain MRIs from a CDW. We proposed to homogenize such large clinical data set by converting images acquired after the injection of gadolinium into non-contrast-enhanced images. Lastly, we assessed whether ML/DL algorithms could detect dementia in a CDW using T1w brain MRI. We identified the population of interest using ICD-10 codes. We studied how the imbalance of the training sets may bias the results and we proposed strategies to attenuate these biases
Loizillon, Sophie. "Deep learning for automatic quality control and computer-aided diagnosis in neuroimaging using a large-scale clinical data warehouse." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2024. https://accesdistant.sorbonne-universite.fr/login?url=https://theses-intra.sorbonne-universite.fr/2024SORUS258.pdf.
Full textPatient's hospitalisation generates data about their health, which is essential to ensure that they receive the best possible care. Over the last decade, clinical data warehouses (CDWs) have been created to exploit this vast amount of clinical information for research purposes. CDWs offer remarkable potential for research by bringing together a huge amount of real-world data of diverse nature (electronic health records, imaging data, pathology and laboratory tests...) from up to millions of patients. Access to such large clinical routine datasets, which are an excellent representation of what is acquired daily in clinical practice, is a major advantage in the development and deployment of powerful artificial intelligence models in clinical routine. Currently, most computer-aided diagnosis models are limited by a training performed only on research datasets with patients meeting strict inclusion criteria and data acquired under highly standardised research protocols, which differ considerably from the realities of clinical practice. This gap between research and clinical data is leading to the failure of AI systems to be well generalised in clinical practice.This thesis examined how to leverage clinical data warehouse brain MRI data for research purposes.Because images gathered in CDW are highly heterogeneous, especially regarding their quality, we first focused on developing an automated solution capable of effectively identifying corrupted images in CDWs. We improved the initial automated 3D T1 weighted brain MRI quality control developed by (Bottani et al. 2021) by proposing an innovative transfer learning method, leveraging artefact simulation.In the second work, we extended our automatic quality control for T1-weighted MRI to another common anatomical sequence: 3D FLAIR. As machine learning models are sensitive to distribution shifts, we proposed a semi-supervised domain adaptation framework. Our automatic quality control tool was able to identify images that are not proper 3D FLAIR brain MRIs and assess the overall image quality with a limited number of new manual annotation of FLAIR images. Lastly, we conducted a feasibility study to assess the potential of variational autoencoders for unsupervised anomaly detection. We obtained promising results showing a correlation between Fazekas scores and volumes of lesions segmented by our model, as well as the robustness of the method to image quality. Nevertheless, we still observed failure cases where no lesion is detected at all in lesional cases, which prevents this type of model to be used in clinical routine for now.Although clinical data warehouses are an incredible research ecosystem, to enable a better understanding of the health of the general population and, in the long term, contributing to the development of predictive and preventive medicine, their use for research purposes is not without its difficulties
Ndour, Cheikh. "Modélisation statistique de la mortalité maternelle et néonatale pour l'aide à la planification et à la gestion des services de santé en Afrique Sub-Saharienne." Phd thesis, Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour, 2014. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00996996.
Full textAngoulvant, François. "Evaluation et amélioration de l'usage des antibiotiques aux urgences pédiatriques." Paris 7, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA077212.
Full textAntibiotics are frequently prescribed in pediatric emergencies department, most often for acute respiratory infections. Faced with the growing problem of resistance to antibiotics, the evaluation and improvement of the antibiotic prescriptions is crucial. Indicators of antibiotic consumption in hospital and in in ambulatory settings existed for a long time. However, despite the weight of antibiotics' prescriptions in pediatric emergencies department, few studies were conducted in these settings. This Doctoral work was designed to evaluate and improve the use of antibiotics in pediatric emergency department. Our first objective was to develop indicators and tools relevant to assess qualitatively and quantitatively antibiotics' prescriptions in pediatric emergencies department. We have shown that simple indicators, such as the percentage of patients with acute respiratory infection treated by antibiotics, were useful to monitor the evolution of the antibiotic prescriptions during interventions to improve them. The methodology is based on the automated extraction of data from the medical record to collect hundreds of thousands cases in several sites. The second issue was the education of patients and familles to the proper use of antibiotics in pediatric emergencies department. We performed a randomized, controlled blind trial in which 300 children have been included. We have showri an improvement in satisfaction and knowledge about the proper use of antibiotics after a therapeutic education on this topic versus a control intervention
Lamer, Antoine. "Contribution à la prévention des risques liés à l’anesthésie par la valorisation des informations hospitalières au sein d’un entrepôt de données." Thesis, Lille 2, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LIL2S021/document.
Full textIntroduction Hospital Information Systems (HIS) manage and register every day millions of data related to patient care: biological results, vital signs, drugs administrations, care process... These data are stored by operational applications provide remote access and a comprehensive picture of Electronic Health Record. These data may also be used to answer to others purposes as clinical research or public health, particularly when integrated in a data warehouse. Some studies highlighted a statistical link between the compliance of quality indicators related to anesthesia procedure and patient outcome during the hospital stay. In the University Hospital of Lille, the quality indicators, as well as the patient comorbidities during the post-operative period could be assessed with data collected by applications of the HIS. The main objective of the work is to integrate data collected by operational applications in order to realize clinical research studies.Methods First, the data quality of information registered by the operational applications is evaluated with methods … by the literature or developed in this work. Then, data quality problems highlighted by the evaluation are managed during the integration step of the ETL process. New data are computed and aggregated in order to dispose of indicators of quality of care. Finally, two studies bring out the usability of the system.Results Pertinent data from the HIS have been integrated in an anesthesia data warehouse. This system stores data about the hospital stay and interventions (drug administrations, vital signs …) since 2010. Aggregated data have been developed and used in two clinical research studies. The first study highlighted statistical link between the induction and patient outcome. The second study evaluated the compliance of quality indicators of ventilation and the impact on comorbity.Discussion The data warehouse and the cleaning and integration methods developed as part of this work allow performing statistical analysis on more than 200 000 interventions. This system can be implemented with other applications used in the CHRU of Lille but also with Anesthesia Information Management Systems used by other hospitals
Azzi, Rita. "Blockchain Adoption in Healthcare : Toward a Patient Centric Ecosystem." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Institut polytechnique de Paris, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023IPPAT053.
Full textThe healthcare sector evolves constantly, driven by technological advancement and innovative solutions. From remote patient monitoring to the Internet of Things (IoT), Artificial Intelligence (AI), personalized medicine, mobile health, and electronic records systems, technology has improved patient outcomes and enhanced care delivery. These technologies have shifted the healthcare ecosystem to be more patient-centered, focusing on meeting the patient's needs rather than the needs of the individual organizations within it. However, this transformative shift experienced by the healthcare industry is associated with multiple challenges due to the inherent complexity and fragmentation of the healthcare ecosystem. This dissertation addresses three healthcare ecosystem challenges that significantly impact patients. The first challenge addressed is the problem of counterfeit or falsified drugs that represent a threat to public health, resulting from the vulnerabilities in the pharmaceutical supply chain, notably centralized data management and the lack of transparency. The second challenge addressed is the problem of healthcare data fragmentation that thwarts care coordination and impacts clinical efficiency. This problem results from the dynamic and complex patients' journey in the healthcare system, shaped by their unique health needs and preferences. Patient data are scattered across multiple healthcare organizations within centralized databases and are ruled by policies that hinder data sharing and patients' empowerment over their data. The third challenge addressed is the confidentiality and privacy of healthcare data that, if compromised, shatter the trust relationship between patients and healthcare stakeholders. This challenge results from the healthcare organizations' poor data governance that increases the risk of data breaches and unauthorized access to patient information.The blockchain has emerged as a promising solution to address these critical challenges. It was introduced into the healthcare ecosystem with the promise of enforcing transparency, authentication, security, and trustworthiness. Through comprehensive analysis and case studies, this dissertation assesses the opportunities and addresses the challenges of adopting the blockchain in the healthcare industry. We start with a thorough review of the state of the art covering the blockchain's role in improving supply chain management and enhancing the healthcare delivery chain. Second, we combine theoretical and real-world application studies to develop a guideline that outlines the requirements for building a blockchain-based supply chain. Third, we propose a patient-centric framework that combines blockchain technology with Semantic technologies to help patients manage their health data. Our fourth contribution presents a novel approach to data governance by developing a blockchain-based framework that improves data security and empowers patients to participate actively in their healthcare decisions. In this final contribution, we widen the scope of the proposed framework to include a roadmap for its adoption across diverse domains (banking, education, transportation, and logistics, etc.)
Gaignard, Alban. "Distributed knowledge sharing and production through collaborative e-Science platforms." Phd thesis, Université Nice Sophia Antipolis, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00838796.
Full textLaanani, Moussa. "Étude des relations entre l’état de santé, sa prise en charge et le décès par suicide à partir du Système national des données de santé Contacts with Health Services During the Year Prior to Suicide Death andPrevalent Conditions A Nationwide Study Collider and Reporting Biases Involved in the Analyses of Cause of Death Associations in Death Certificates: an Illustration with Cancer and Suicide." Thesis, université Paris-Saclay, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020UPASR016.
Full textSuicide is a major public health problem in France, with nearly 10,000 premature deaths each year. Studying the determinants of suicide is complex. It is a multi-factorial phenomenon, which can be influenced by personal and/or environmental, biomedical and/or socio-economic factors. The presence of diseases (psychiatric or physical) in the individual plays an important role. Psychiatric pathologies can be complicated by suicidal processes (suicidal ideation, which may be followed by suicidal behaviour and then death by suicide). For physical diseases, the disease can have a significant impact on the quality of life of the individual, favouring suicidal processes, and thus death by suicide. Psychiatric disorders can thus worsen physical illnesses and be a step towards the occurrence of suicidal processes. Physical diseases can also occur in individuals suffering from psychiatric disorders, and can trigger suicidal processes. For both psychiatric and physical diseases, suicidal processes can also be the consequence of adverse effects of drug treatments. In such cases, it is often difficult to disentangle the role of the treatment and that of the pathology being treated. The aim of this thesis was to study the complex relationships between diseases and suicide death, using data from the French National Health Data System (SNDS)
Retornaz, Frédérique. "Evaluation gériatrique et dépistage de la vulnérabilité chez les patients âgés atteints de cancer : limites et enjeux." Aix-Marseille 2, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008AIX20667.
Full textGaignard, Alban. "Partage et production de connaissances distribuées dans des plateformes scientifiques collaboratives." Phd thesis, Université de Nice Sophia-Antipolis, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00827926.
Full textBerger, Ludovic. "Modélisation de l'activité en chirurgie vasculaire." Thesis, Aix-Marseille 2, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011AIX20729/document.
Full textThe question of replacement of vascular surgeons for the future is of concern because of a large number of retirements. But the question of replacement only is not sufficient for a specialty that is primarily for older patients in the current context of increasing and aging of the French population.In order to meet the need for vascular surgery in the coming years, we initially performed an overview of the demographics of practitioners of the specialty and estimated the retirements. To take into account the evolution of the future activity, we have established a predictive model for the acts of carotid surgery, surgery of infrarenal abdominal aortic aneurysms and surgery of peripheral arterial disease, according to the aging population. This model applies the methods of the INSEE for acts collected in the Medicalised Information System Program database.We then refined it by including other parameters modifying workload evolution. We have calculated and applied a weighting factor obtained during the period of activity from 2000 to 2008. According to the model, the activity between 2008 and 2030 will increase by 38% in the studied procedures.The weighted projections predict an acts’ increase 30% between 2011 and 2025.From a purely mathematical point of view, the training needs of 120 surgeons would be to replace retirements, and 59 more surgeons because of the increased workload
Jaffré, Marc-Olivier. "Connaissance et optimisation de la prise en charge des patients : la science des réseaux appliquée aux parcours de soins." Thesis, Compiègne, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018COMP2445/document.
Full textIn France, the streamlining of means assigned hospitals result in concentration of resources ana growing complexily of heallhcare facilities. Piloting and planning (them turn out to be all the more difficult, thus leading of optimjzation problems. The use of massive data produced by these systems in association with network science an alternative approach for analyzing and improving decision-making support jn healthcare. Method : Various preexisting optimisation are first highblighted based on observations in operating theaters chosen as experirnentai sites. An analysis of merger of two hospitlas also follows as an example of an optimization method by massification. These two steps make it possible to defend an alternative approach that combines the use of big data science of networks data visualization techniques. Two sets of patient data in orthopedic surgery in the ex-Midi-Pyrénées region in France are used to create a network of all sequences of care. The whole is displayed in a visual environment developed in JavaScript allowing a dynamic mining of the graph. Results: Visualizing healthcare sequences in the form of nodes and links graphs has been sel out. The graphs provide an additional perception of' the redundancies of he healthcare pathways. The dynamic character of the graphs also allows their direct rnining. The initial visual approach is supplernented by a series of objcctive measures from the science of networks. Conciusion: Healthcare facilities produce massive data valuable for their analysis and optimization. Data visualizalion together with a framework such as network science gives prelimiaary encouraging indicators uncovering redondant healthcare pathway patterns. Furthev experimentations with various and larger sets of data is required to validate and strengthen these observations and methods
Bacelar-Nicolau, Leonor. "Health Impact Assessment : Quantifying and Modeling to Better Decide." Thesis, Paris, CNAM, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017CNAM1151/document.
Full textHealth Impact Assessment (HIA) is a decision-making support tool to judge a policy as to its potential effects and its distribution on a population’s health (equity). It’s still very often a qualitative approach.The main aim here is to show the usefulness of applying quantified multivariate statistical methodologies to enrich HIA practice, while making the decision-making process easier, by issuing understandable outputs even for non-statisticians.The future of healthcare reforms shifts the center of evaluation of health systems from providers to people’s individual needs and preferences, reducing health inequities in access and health outcomes, using big data linking information from providers to social and economic health determinants. Innovative statistical and assessment methodologies are needed to make this transformation.Data mining and data science methods, however complex, may lead to graphical outputs simple to understand by decision makers. HIA is thus a valuable tool to assure public policies are indeed evaluated while considering health determinants and equity and bringing citizens to the center of the decision-making process
A Avaliação de Impacte na Saúde (AIS) é um instrumento de suporte à decisão para julgar política quanto aos seus efeitos potenciais e à sua distribuição na saúde de uma população (equidade). É geralmente ainda uma abordagem qualitativa.O principal objetivo é mostrar a utilidade das metodologias estatísticas quantitativas e multivariadas para enriquecer a prática de AIS, melhorando a compreensão dos resultados por profissionais não-estatísticos.As futuras reformas dos sistemas de saúde deslocam o centro da avaliação dos serviços de saúde dos prestadores para as necessidades e preferências dos cidadãos, reduzindo iniquidades no acesso à saúde e ganhos em saúde, usando big data que associam informação de prestadores a dados sociais e económicos de determinantes de saúde. São necessárias metodologias estatísticas e de avaliação inovadoras para esta transformação.Métodos de data mining e data science, mesmo complexos, podem gerar resultados gráficos compreensíveis para os decisores. A AIS é assim uma ferramenta valiosa para avaliar políticas públicas considerando determinantes de saúde, equidade e trazendo os cidadãos para o centro da tomada de decisão
Partlová, Hana. "Conformité du traitement pharmacologique de la dépression aux guides de pratique clinique et impact sur les coûts des services de soins de santé." Thèse, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/17695.
Full textPoitras, Stéphane. "Pratiques cliniques des physiothérapeutes dans le traitement de travailleurs souffrant de maux de dos aigus ou subaigus." Thèse, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/17754.
Full textDufour, Émilie. "Mesure et validation d'indicateurs de performance des services infirmiers en première ligne : utilisation d'un cas traceur en soins de plaies." Thèse, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/19450.
Full textBetter use of nursing resources is a promising avenue for improving the performance of primary care services. Measuring the performance of nursing services is a central component in improving their organization and the quality of care delivered in this sector. The aim of this study was to measure and validate primary care nursing performance indicators from a tracer case in wound care and to assess the reliability of clinical-administrative data used to measure indicators from clinical records. This study adopted a correlational longitudinal design. Data were collected over a one-year period in a Local community services centre (CLSC) using clinical-administrative data contained in the I-CLSC electronic database. The episode of care was the unit of analysis. Eight indicators were measured, including five process indicators: 1) nursing follow-up; 2) relational continuity; 3) teaching; 4) initial assessment; and 5) consultation with a specialized nurse, and three outcome indicators: 1) frequency; 2) duration; and 3) intensity. Measurement and validation objectives were performed using a sample of 482 episodes of wound care lasting more than seven days. The reliability study was based on a sub-sample of 107 episodes. Descriptive and correlational analyzes were performed. Validation results demonstrated very strong associations between nursing follow-up and continuity indicators and the three outcome indicators. Reliability results demonstrated a high concordance between clinical records and clinical-administrative data for six of the eight indicators. In conclusion, valid and relevant process indicators in primary care nursing can be measured on a regular basis by managers using reliable and easily accessible clinical-administrative data.