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Egorova, Mariya V., Nadezhda V. Korshunova, and Elizaveta Yu Egorova. "Post-Soviet Historiography about the Relationship between Catherine II and the French Enlighteners." Общество: философия, история, культура, no. 9 (September 20, 2023): 81–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.24158/fik.2023.9.12.
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The study scrutinizes the views of post-Soviet historians on the relationship between Catherine II and the French enlighteners. The most characteristic and common views are identified. It is deemed that the research-es of the post-soviet period had confirmed the views of the pre-revolutionary and soviet historians on the moti-vation of these relationships. On the part of the Empress, this is the fear of nascent public opinion; revenge on the French court; hypocrisy, a game; illusions of Catherine II; the desire to communicate with intelligent people. On the part of the French enlighteners: political illusions; interest in Russia; fear of revolution “from below”. Nevertheless, the historians of the post-Soviet period, apart to the above, had tried to explain these relation-ships by the Empress’s desire to find equal interlocutors for herself, since it was difficult for her to do this among her entourage in Russia. In their opinion, the desire for simple human communication encouraged Catherine II to seek correspondence partners in the society of French enlighteners.
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Sidorenko, Maksim A. "LOUIS XIV AND THE BANKER BERNARD: A STORY OF A WALK." Tyumen State University Herald. Humanities Research. Humanitates 8, no. 1 (2022): 206–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.21684/2411-197x-2022-8-1-206-223.
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Due to the Memoirs of the Duke de Saint-Simon, the walk of Louis XIV in the company of the banker of the royal court, Bernard, in the gardens of Marly on 6 May 1708, has become one of the most popular historical anecdotes about the Great Age and the Sun King. Moreover, not only for the public, but also for many historians. Thus, this seemingly insignificant event during the War of the Spanish Succession frankly escaped the due attention of the scientific community. The purpose of the proposed study is to reconstruct the meeting of the monarch and the financier, to refer to the history of the domain of Marly, to the exclusive place of this royal residence in the court policy of Louis XIV in the second half of his reign. Unfortunately, the main source of such research, Marly Castle itself, has not been preserved. However, numerous written testimonies of contemporaries and a rich iconography of the domain have come down to us — the author relies on these sources in his work. The perspective chosen by the researcher for studying the domain of Marly and its role in the management of the court society by the monarch makes it possible to significantly enrich the historiography of the French royal court of the Old Order. For what purpose did the king, who already had the Palace of Versailles and the Grand Trianon at his disposal, build Marly? Who exactly from the monarch’s entourage had the right to visit this castle during the moments of the royal family’s stay there? In addition, the article touches upon another important and relevant topic — the strategies of the ruler’s behavior and their success in crisis situations, since the fate of France depended on the personal diplomacy of Louis XIV in 1708, a year of serious trials for the kingdom.
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Sdobnova, Yulia N., and Аlla О. Manuhina. "From the history of one quote… (The role of the French language in the international arena in the XVI century: diachronic aspect)." Philological Sciences. Scientific Essays of Higher Education, no. 5 (September 2020): 18–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.20339/phs.5-20.018.
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The article is devoted to analyzing the role of the French language in the European society of the XVI century, when la langue francoyse becomes the common language of the communication to both in the field of the official correspondence and in the literature. The research is conducted in the diachronic aspect, concerning different extralinguistic factors (political, ideological, historical and cultural). The origins of this phenomenon are considered: for example, since the XI century, French language was the official language of the court of England and the aristocracy, and then became the working language of the court (le français du loi) and Parliament (the so-called Norman French). Gradually, the tendency to use French as a means of communication between the king and his entourage became the norm of court etiquette in Europe. The XVI century is not only the period of active formation of the French language as the national literary language of France, but also the time of its distribution in Europe as the language of diplomacy, international business and cultural communication of the European elite. The work shows how, due to the compositions of encyclopedic scientists, the work of Francophone teachers outside of France, and the popularization of the French language by translators-humanists (who served at the court of the king François I and his descendants), la langue francoyse consolidated its position in the international arena in the XVI century. At the same time, with the spread of translations into French from the ancient languages (Latin, ancient Greek) the interest of the secular elite of France increases to the past of Europe. And the translations into French from the “living” languages (Italian and Spanish) contributed to the interest to the current problems of modern European literature, as well as history, politics and culture, which was typical for the Renaissance. The article deals with the special attitude of the Renaissance to the French language through the prism of the language worldview of that epoch.
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Badalian, D. A. "On the Road to the National Identity – from Tentative Steps to Achievements. Several Events from the History of Slavophilism." Orthodoxia, no. 3 (September 17, 2022): 73–115. http://dx.doi.org/10.53822/2712-9276-2021-3-73-115.
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The article researches a number of issues related to the Slavophile worldview in the 1840s–1880s and their work aimed at the development of the national consciousness in the Russian society: their attitude to Peter the Great’s reforms, to the Slavic world and to the revolution. The article also examines the role the Slavophiles had played in the development of the Orthodox outlook in the society and the foundations of the future Church structure, and their attitude to the slogan “Orthodoxy. Autocracy. Nationality”. It also considers the attitude to Slavophiles among the government circles and the so-called “German Party” at court. The article disputes the widespread opinion of the Slavophiles denying the existence of historical prerequisites that had caused the reforms of Peter the Great, and hankering after Russia’s return to pre-Petrine traditions. The desire of the “Moscow Party” for the development of the national culture and the formation of the national consciousness caused the constant opposition on the part of apologists of the European cosmopolitanism. The opposition was all the stronger because it formed a signifi cant part of the entourage of Nicholas I (and then Alexander II) and the St. Petersburg aristocracy. At the same time, Khomyakov and his associates tended to avoid alliances and patronage that could damage their independence. The so-called “German Party” at court did not limit its actions to vigorously defending the interests of the Baltic nobility, but actively struggled against any attempts to form the national consciousness. A consistent opponent of the Slavophiles, for decades it had enjoyed the constant support of the Third Department, as well as a number of ministers. And it was none other than the Third Department, that since the beginning of the 1840s had organized press campaigns to discredit the “Moscow Party” and general supporters of the development of inter-Slavic communication. To limit the infl uence of the Slavophiles, their opponents resorted to the active use of censorship, including its spiritual kind. With the Slavophiles being staunch opponents of the revolution, which they viewed as a distorted form of the religious consciousness, their enemies often sought to represent them as revolutionaries in the eyes of the supreme power and the society. The Slavophiles considered the establishment of an advisory Zemsky Sobor in Russia to be the only alternative to the future revolutionary catastrophe. This authority was meant to embody their ideas about the common people as a source of power.
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Burns, Robert. "Women in Crusader Valencia: A Five-Year Core Sample, 1265–1270." Medieval Encounters 12, no. 1 (2006): 37–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/157006706777502569.
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AbstractThis study surveys the presence of women in the crown registers of the medieval Realms of Arago-Catalonia for the period 1265-1270. Approximately five hundred charters pertaining to the crusader kingdom of Valencia cover both the apogee of the reign of Jaume the Conqueror and the scandal created when he aborted his Holy Land crusade, purportedly because of a woman. While women's history may not seem an apt subject in this period of conquest and crusade, in fact these charters offer a suggestive sample of women, especially as landowners, not only in the Christian cities and courts but also in the parallel Jewish and Muslim communities. Women played active roles in this frontier society, as the crown sought to encourage Christian settlement in conquered lands. The charters shed light on the life of Jaume's formally inducted concubine and other women in the royal entourage. At the other end of the spectrum, information emerges about prostitutes and women prisoners. Several documents pertain to the economic lives of nuns, while others concern the rights of widows: notably, one whose son has "become a Saracen." Women played roles as settlers along the frontier between Christian and Muslim realms, with Christian women assuming obligations to reside on lands for a period of years, while Muslim women's lands are confiscated. Among businesswomen, several own baths. One Jewish woman is exempted from certain sumptuary laws. Other documents reveal that Jewish women, like men, paid taxes. Several women receive royal pensions. Women dog handlers appear; one, with her dog, receives the same pay as a fighting man.
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Grakhotskiy, A. P. "Trials of Members of Einsatzkommando 8 in West Germany: Gaswagen and the Holocaust in Mogilev." Actual Problems of Russian Law 17, no. 1 (December 20, 2021): 11–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.17803/1994-1471.2022.134.1.011-030.
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In 1942, in order to execute the genocide of Jews in Belarus, along with carrying out mass executions, the Nazis began to use gaswagens. In June 1942, a «special vehicle» appeared at the disposal of Einsatzkommando 8 in Mogilev. Based on the trials’ recordings and protocols, it can be assumed that at least 2,500 Jews of the Mogilev region were poisoned in gas vans (gaswagens). Details of the crimes committed by the Nazis with the use of gas vans became known in the 1960s, when lawsuits were held in the Federative Republic of Germany against former members of Einsatzkommando 8: A. Garnishmacher, G. Richter, G. Haase, G. Schlechte, K. Strohammer. The paper sets the goal, using the example of trials against the members of Einsatzkommando 8, to determine what legal assessment West Germany justice gave to the Nazi atrocities associated with the extermination of Jews in gaswagens. On the one hand, the trials against former members of Einsatzkommando 8 testified to the desire of German justice to critically rethink Germany’s recent past, to ensure the principle of inevitability of criminal responsibility for Nazi criminals. On the other hand, the outcomes of the trials under consideration indicated that West German Themis, as well as the overwhelming majority of the citizens of the Federal Republic of Germany, refused to treat the former members of Einsatzkommando as criminals. In German society, the prevailing opinion was that the blame for the Holocaust and other crimes of National Socialism lay exclusively with A. Hitler and his entourage (G. Himmler, R. Heydrich, etc.). The rest of the Germans were only «hostages of the regime» who «due to special life circumstances» were forced to perform the criminal orders of the Fuehrer. In juridical practice, that approach took shape in the theory of complicity, based on which the German courts assigned minimal punishments to Nazi criminals, and often the courts completely exempted them from criminal liability.
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Jeż, Tomasz. "Michaela Žáčková Rossi, The musicians at the Court of Rudolf II. The musical entourage of Rudolf II (1576–1612) reconstructed from the Imperial Accounting Ledgers, Prague 2017." Muzyka 65, no. 1 (April 2, 2020): 131–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.36744/m.302.
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Dunbabin, Jean H. "The household and entourage of Charles I of Anjou, king of the Regno, 1266–85." Historical Research 77, no. 197 (July 1, 2004): 313–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-2281.2004.00212.x.
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Abstract This article attempts to reconstitute from the scrappy surviving records Charles I's household and court. For a conqueror, the choice of companions could have serious political implications. While Charles's immediate domestic circle was French in origin and organized on the example of Louis IX's household, he deliberately encouraged and paid for the attendance of men from Provence and the Regno, both in his travelling entourage and at his great court appearances at liturgical feasts. Beyond these intimates, he accepted into his fidelity, and therefore into his broader court circle, a wide range of talented individuals from all parts of his ‘empire’.
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Bergeron, Katherine. "The castrato as history." Cambridge Opera Journal 8, no. 2 (July 1996): 167–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0954586700004675.
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One of the final scenes of Farinelli, Il Castrato, dir. Gerard Corbiau (Sony Pictures Classics, 1994), shows a solar eclipse witnessed, eighteenth-century style, by members of the court of Philip V of Spain around 1740. Restless spectators squint through pieces of tinted glass prepared in the smoke of a small fire. It is a precious visual detail, a jot of history in this sumptuously though often inaccurately detailed film that offsets the melodrama to follow. Without warning, a wind, helped along by corny, time-lapse photography, ushers in a sea of Goya-like clouds. A murmur passes through the entourage; eerie blackness falls on the court.
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Ng, Jennifer S. "Breaking Bread with the Bedchamber." Explorations in Renaissance Culture 47, no. 2 (December 7, 2021): 250–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/23526963-04702005.
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Abstract This article examines the institution of the Bedchamber of James I of England (1603–1625) through the practice of feasting. Originally comprising James VI’s Scottish entourage, the Bedchamber was a novel introduction to the English royal household in the Jacobean period: as such, this group of attendants came to represent both a body with unparalleled royal access, and a Scottish barrier between James I and his English court. By approaching the Bedchamber through its social and cultural obligations, the institution emerges as a mediating, rather than restrictive, body, serving to enact reconciliation between the king, the Court, and foreign states. Moreover, the Bedchamber’s feasting calendar indicates a broad basis of reward, circulating around several Bedchamber Gentlemen rather than a single favorite. Patterns of Bedchamber feasting ultimately reflected a Court that was largely accessible, not significantly structured by ethnic divisions, and conducive to the proliferation of culture and favor.
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Gabriëls, Jos. "Vrienden van vroeger : De Franse invloed op de vorming van het vorstelijk hof van Lodewijk Napoleon, koning van Holland." Tijdschrift voor geschiedenis 132, no. 3 (November 1, 2019): 345–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.5117/tvgesch2019.3.002.gabr.
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Abstract Time-honoured friends. French influence on the formation of the princely court of Louis Bonaparte, king of HollandIn 1806, at Napoleon’s behest, Louis Bonaparte suddenly became the foreign king of a former republic. Confronted with the problem of finding competent and trustworthy senior court dignitaries in this alien environment, he initially resorted to appointing French friends and confidants. Louis’ choice was far from unique: his crowned relatives elsewhere, by necessity, opted for the same solution. This article reconstructs the early household composed by Louis and compares it to the households in the other satellite states. The juxtaposition not only highlights Napoleon’s constant interference in nominations, but also reveals some inconsistencies in the Emperor’s attitude. In addition, it emphasizes the marked impact of local conditions. Contrary to the situation in the other Napoleonic kingdoms, no Frenchmen entered the government posts in Holland, yet they dominated in senior court office. The comparison also helps to explain the remarkably rapid disappearance of French court dignitaries from Holland, prompting the ‘Dutchification’ of the king’s entourage familiar from earlier historiography.
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Shachar, Yoram. "The Use of Deadly Force in Enforcing the Law: Gold in the Light of History." Israel Law Review 26, no. 3 (1992): 319–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021223700011043.
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More than thirty-two years have passed since Supreme Court Justice Agranat's ruling that, even in the absence of alternative means to effect a lawful arrest, deadly force may be employed only where the arrest is pursuant to the commission of a felony. That ruling, in the case of Gold v. The Attorney General, stands unchallenged to this day. At the time that decision was handed down, Israeli case law provided a dearth of analytic tools for critical review. Thus, Gold was incorporated into Israeli law pristine and unencumbered by the entourage of learned comments that now regularly escorts Supreme Court decisions. It is not my intention to tarnish that purity of Gold by disclosing some undetected flaw in the ruling. Rather, I believe it is time that we take that ruling a step further on the course it set.
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Shishkin, Vladimir. "Marguerite de Valois on the move. Organization of the trip of the Queen of Navarre to Flanders in 1577." Adam & Eve. Gender History Review, no. 31 (2023): 168–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.32608/2307-8383-2023-31-168-185.
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The article is devoted to the study of organizational processes accompanying the travels of royal princesses of France, in particular, the sister of King Henry III, Queen of Navarre Marguerite de Valois. The author analyses the "Memoirs" of the Queen, as well as the staff list of her court (1578) and demonstrates that male courtiers made up the major part of Marguerite’s entourage during the Queen’s travels. The most important of these travels is her journey outside France, to Spanish Flanders in 1577, with a multi-purpose political mission designed to access the validity of the claims of Francois de Valois, the younger brother in the royal family, to the throne of Brabant. The article presents conclusions about the use of all types of vehicles — land and river — of the royal train by the court in the warm season, as well as the characteristics of the travel modes of different categories of courtiers and employees of the court, men and women. It is shown that the Queen was accompanied by high-status secular and ecclesiastical persons of the French court, who are often related to each other, as well as by a part of the military royal house, specially allocated to protect the daughter of France.
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Pelaz Flores, Diana. "The Households of the Princesses: Service and Representation through the first Household of <em>Infanta</em> Leonor of Aragon (1366-1375)." Royal Studies Journal 10, no. 1 (June 22, 2023): 44–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.21039/rsj.396.
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The court service of queens and infantas demonstrates the complexity and changing nature of its composition over time. These are not only changes brought about by the needs of the service itself, but also by political issues, family alliances, and questions of representation. The courtly customs of each kingdom generate a particular identity, while at the same time offering protection to their caregivers and safeguarding the interests of their kingdom of origin. This paper looks at the particular case of the entourage that accompanied Leonor of Aragon on her first trip to Castile (1366), to celebrate the entry into the kingdom of Enrique of Trastamara, and his subsequent coronation. This episode was selected because it combines the incorporation of the Infanta into the entourage of her future mother-in-law, Juana Manuel de Villena, long before her marriage, and also because it reveals the strength of the political and military interests of her father, King Pedro IV of Aragon. As the Infanta was an eight-year-old maid, the role of her officers and servants is key, due to the tasks they performed and the decisions they took to protect the Infanta and the image of the Crown of Aragon.
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Hernando, Sŕnchez Carlos Josč. "Cittŕ e cerimoniale: lo spazio urbano e la corte vicereale di Napoli nel XVII secolo." STORIA URBANA, no. 123 (October 2009): 55–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.3280/su2009-123003.
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- City and ceremonial: urban space and the vice-royal court during the 17th century in Naples The article intends to refute the historiographical tradition that, starting from the so-called Masaniello revolt, maintains the dramatically negative effects of the Spanish presence in Naples. Actually, the Spanish government was characterised for an high level of attention and for a constant effort of communication with Neapolitan community, both on popular and aristocratic level, although without giving up the basis of the royal power. The process of mediation was carried out through a series of complex ceremonials, also aimed to shape the urban space. The vice-royal court was the central point of this process, from which spread all over the city the courtesan etiquette, based on the personal honour. The religious devotions, of course, played an important role in the ceremonials, as they were necessary to reinforce the process of political legitimation of the Spanish power. Some particular cults, linked to specific areas in the town, were adopted by the vice-royal entourage as a complementary way to emphasize the Spanish presence in town.
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Quaranta, Alessandra. "Italian Physicians at the Habsburg Courts (1550–1620): Hiring Processes, Professional Networks and Integration into the Court Space." European History Quarterly 53, no. 4 (October 2023): 549–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/02656914231200432.
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In the second half of the sixteenth century, many Italian learned physicians moved to the Habsburg courts, entering the service of the imperial family. This paper traces their professional itineraries, identifying the decisive socio-cultural factors which influenced their hiring at court. Most of the Italian physicians achieved significant advancements, enhanced their social status, and obtained economic privileges. In this context, they proved their professional versatility, carrying out non-medical tasks as well as providing medical services. However, pursuing a long-term career depended not only on a large spectrum of unpredictable factors – the Emperor's will, the economic means at his disposal, and the need of the imperial family for health assistance – but also on the physicians’ ability to earn the Emperor's favour and that of his entourage. Based on a comparison between Italian and non-Italian court and imperial physicians in terms of recruitment, tasks, remuneration, privileges, and duration of career, this article also tries to understand to what extent Italian physicians integrated into the Habsburg courts and what legacy they left there.
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Langewiesche, Katrin. "Conversion as Negotiation. Converts as Actors of Civil Society." Religions 11, no. 7 (June 30, 2020): 322. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rel11070322.
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This article focuses on the religious movement of the Ahmadiyya and its civil society organization, Humanity First, in West-Africa and in Europe. Particular attention is paid to the place of converts within these two institutions. Conversions to an Islamic minority and the actions of this minority are studied through the prism of social commitment. I examine the intersections between religious values, the ideas of solidarity in the societies under scrutiny and, the kaleidoscopic range of Muslim charities. The paper investigates conversion as negotiation in regard to gender, social mobility, and power. Conversion is approached here as a matter of social relations and not personal belief. I argue that converts have to use various strategies of recognition, either as individuals or as a group, which places them in a permanent state of negotiation with their entourage.
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Hauksson-Tresch, Nathalie. "De l’utilité des théories linguistiques et littéraires lors d’un procès d’écrivain : L’exemple du procès intenté à la romancière française Christine Angot." Bergen Language and Linguistics Studies 10, no. 1 (November 7, 2019): 11. http://dx.doi.org/10.15845/bells.v10i1.1445.
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Christine Angot claims the right to feed her novelistic universe mainly with facts from her real life. This radicalism earned her a conviction in court, on May 27, 2013, for violation of private life in the novel Les petits. She was convicted for turning a real recognizable person of her entourage, into an unflattering novel character. The Parisian Court found that Les petits, could not be described as a "novel", despite the assertions of the author and her publisher, and despite the fact that it is presented to the public with the qualification “novel” in the paratext. This position seems extreme in so far as the magistrates choose to ignore the notion of genre, a notion still fundamental today. One can, as a matter of fact, argue that the genre should be considered constitutive of the meaning, and accept that the interpretation depends on the genre, that it is genre-bound. To that extent, to simply discard the notion of genre seems unacceptable. To counter the reasoning of the Court, Angot develops a certain number of arguments that will be addressed using the theories of Genette, Searle and Cohn. We will come to the conclusion that by taking into account literary and linguistic theories, and therefore the manner in which an eventual breach in privacy occurred, the Court could have made a fairer and more readily accepted decision, or at least one more in accordance with the rule of proportionality expected in every democracy.
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Bárány, Attila. "“On Tour” from Aachen to Rome." East Central Europe 47, no. 1 (April 11, 2020): 107–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.30965/18763308-04701008.
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Sigismund of Luxemburg, King of Hungary spent much time journeying abroad. His “itinerant” court visited diverse places from Istria to Wallachia. The members of his entourage, mainly a new generation of homo novus lords, escorted him from the Aachen (1414) to the Rome (1433) coronations and were active in foreign service. This article reconstructs the itinerant entourage mostly during the Council of Constance (1414–18). It also aims to explore which “core” members of the retinue accompanied the king most of the time and show that there emerged an inner circle commissioned with special tasks. As an evidentiary control sample, the article uses Sigismund’s second period of journeys (1430–1434). There will be two further pieces of corresponding evidence examined, a list enumerated by Eberhard Windecke (1422) and a 1430 Nuremberg register. In order to give a descriptive list, the range of the available sources undergo a methodological analysis (direct and indirect evidence: royal letters and commissions; safe conducts; charters issued in personis and in praesentibus; armales and ius gladii donations; prorogatio and papal supplicatio documents; chancery writs signing someone’s relatio; narrative and iconographic sources). A possible reconstruction of Sigismund’s retinue is given in an appendix, on the grounds of which one may conclude that the king had a special company by his side. The presence of “a Constance group” was constant in the 1420s–30s. There are some “permanently” serving families. A nucleus was being formulated, remaining together from Aachen to Rome.
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Klinzing, Brian. "Medieval Society and the Manor Court." History: Reviews of New Books 26, no. 1 (October 1997): 22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03612759.1997.10525286.
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Dewindt, Edwin R., Zvi Razi, and Richard M. Smith. "Medieval Society and the Manor Court." American Journal of Legal History 42, no. 1 (January 1998): 90. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/846024.
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Elliott, John R., and John Buttrey. "The Royal Plays at Christ Church in 1636: A New Document." Theatre Research International 10, no. 2 (1985): 93–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0307883300010646.
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On 29 August 1636, King Charles I and his Queen, Henrietta Maria, paid a royal visit to the University of Oxford at the invitation of Archbishop Laud, Chancellor of the University. They lodged in Christ Church, a royal foundation and the largest of the Oxford colleges, which was to become the seat of their court during the Civil War. During the two days they spent in Oxford on this occasion, the King and Queen and their entourage were entertained with three plays: William Strode's The Floating Island, in Christ Church hall on the night of 29 August; George Wilde's Love's Hospital, in St. John's College hall on the afternoon of 30 August; and William Cartwright's The Royal Slave, again in Christ Church hall on the night of 30 August.
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Рогачев, Сергей Вячеславович. "The Heraldic “Theater” of Russian Cities." Городские исследования и практики 1, no. 4 (May 31, 2017): 47–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.17323/usp14201647-57.
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The usurpation of the right to unite the surrounding territories bestowed some exclusive rights upon Moscow. Which other coat of arms apart from that of Moscow could surround itself with such a suite, such an entourage, of serving shields of arms on its heraldic map? An almost ideal social and geographical model is drawn up around the capital by the coats of arms of Moscow’s retinue: all three principal forces of society are gathered in this national nucleus — those being craftsmen, parishioners and warriors — forming the trade, monastic and defense appendages to St. George’s robe.
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Zhuravleva, Marharyta. "The expediency of questioning of a child in court during the determination of place of residence." Slovo of the National School of Judges of Ukraine, no. 1(34) (July 5, 2021): 118–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.37566/2707-6849-2021-1(34)-10.
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The modern theory of psychology and the practice of forensic psychological expertise, in cases related to child upbringing and living arrangement disputes, allows to confidently claim that the questioning of a child under the age of 14 in court is always a stressful situation for him/her and an extremely inefficient procedure for obtaining information in order to establish an objective truth. Firstly, it is due to the age-based characteristics of children and their psyche development peculiarities, and secondly – to the external conditions, such as parents, pressure from the entourage, etc. Parents may knowingly or unknowingly involve a child in loyalty conflict, which negatively affects the child’s psychological state and prevents the court from drawing an objective conclusion on a true wish of a minor to reside with a particular parent. The aim of the article is the psychological substantiation of inexpediency of questioning of a child in court in order to determine his/her place of residence with father or mother after their divorce and during resolving the other controversial issues of child custody. When considering the issue of summoning a child, judges incessantly use the provision of article 171 of the Family Code of Ukraine – if a child is able to express his/her opinion, he/she must be heard. At the same time, judges often interpret this provision as a requirement to question a child directly during the court hearing. However, according to the author, this approach contradicts the European one and does not take into account that in order to prevent a negative impact on the child psychological state, obtaining his/her opinion should take place in the atmosphere of friendship, trust and understanding, by a person who was specially trained for this purpose. The article reveals the problem that it is difficult for the court to determine the authenticity of the child’s choice between parents, which is due to the lack of volitional regulation, the absence of developed ability to reflection and other age-based characteristics of a child. The author of the article reveals the concept of loyalty conflict (conflict of choice between parents) as the process of involvement of a child in parents’ conflicting relationship, and provides the examples of conscious or subconscious actions and statements of the child’s entourage that force him/her to make a choice between parents and to reject the «unwanted one» of them, which brings complicated psychological claims to a child, leads to his/her neuroticism and other psychological disorders. The possible reasons for the authentic («real») reluctance of a child to communicate with one of the parents had been outlined in the article. The necessity to involve a qualified specialist (expert-psychologist) in the process of obtaining the child’s opinion has been substantiated, in the form of questioning of a child in the «Green room» or ordering of a psychological expertise. Keywords:loyalty conflict, questioning of a child, parental alienation syndrome
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Cormoș, Viorica-Cristina. "Adolescents and Drug Use in Current Society. From Curiosity to Consumer Behavior." Anuarul Universitatii Petre Andrei din Iasi - Fascicula: Asistenta Sociala, Sociologie, Psihologie 27 (December 10, 2021): 35–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.18662/upasw/27/51.
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Adolescents in the current society have temptations of all kinds, including drug use. An even minimal drug use, considered social consumption, can have serious consequences at physical, psychic and social level. Because adolescence is a period of fluctuations, it is important to have a permanent problem in the educational environment, the media, etc. of this social consumption and associated risks. Adolescents need to be properly informed about the consequences of the drug use and guided to specialist services where appropriate. The purpose of this article is to analyze the problem of drug use in adolescents. In this respect, a research was conducted in Suceava County in three high schools. The analyzed aspects are: the level of adolescents for drugs; the existence of a consumer entourage; perception of illegal drug use among adolescents; the causes of drug use among adolescents; perception of adolescents on the effects of drug use.
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Vagnoni, Mirko. "Robert of Anjou (1309–1343)." Encyclopedia 1, no. 3 (August 16, 2021): 812–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/encyclopedia1030062.
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Robert of Anjou King of Sicily (1309–1343). Robert of Anjou was the third king of the Angevin dynasty on the throne of Sicily. He ruled from 1309 to 1343, but, in these years, Sicily was under the domain of the Aragonese dynasty and, hence, his authority was limited to the continental land of the Kingdom and his court was mainly focused in the city of Naples. From an iconographic point of view, he is particularly interesting because, between his official representations (namely, commissioned directly by him or his entourage), he was the first king of Sicily who made use not only of stereotyped images of himself, but also of physiognomic portraits. In particular, this entry focuses on these latter items, comprising the following four artworks: Simone Martini’s altarpiece, the Master of Giovanni Barrile’s panel, the Master of the Franciscan tempera’s canvas, and the so-called Lello da Orvieto’s fresco.
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Van Der Vyver, Johan D. "Civil society and the International Criminal Court." Journal of Human Rights 2, no. 3 (September 2003): 425–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/1475483032000133060.
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Barzilai, Gad. "Analysis of Israelis [Jews and Arab–Palestinians]: exploring law in society and society in law." International Journal of Law in Context 11, no. 3 (August 6, 2015): 361–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1744552315000191.
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AbstractAttributing a great deal of attention to global and local knowledge, this paper is focused on law and society scholarship that has been published by Israelis, both Jewish and Arab-Palestinians. It attempts to unveil and to map some of the major issues that have characterised the scholarly debates and intellectual discourse, primarily critical questions on law and political power, the nation-state, legal rights discourse and equality. More specifically, the paper analyses socio-legal research on various local issues, such as multiculturalism and national rifts on the backdrop of the 1967 military occupation alongside the emergence of a neoliberal capitalist economy. The protracted Arab-Palestinian–Israeli conflict and the fragmentation of the political partisan map in Israel have incited more emphasis on the place of the Israeli Supreme Court, primarily sitting as a High Court of Justice, in public life as an important regulatory institution. This focus on the judicial power of the Court has resulted in an even more frantic controversy on whether the Court has become too engaged in political affairs. In all the law and society debates, local concepts and global knowledge have been intertwined. Hence, the paper enables scholars around the world to closely examine law and society scholarship on the convergence of local and global knowledge.
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Holm, Bent. "Harlequin, Holberg and the (In)visible Masks: Commedia dell'arte in Eighteenth-Century Denmark." Theatre Research International 23, no. 2 (1998): 159–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0307883300018502.
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The profound influence of the commedia dell'arte on European theatre is commonly acknowledged, although it has not yet been extensively analysed. In Northern Europe some of its first traces are iconographic. There are masked Venetian characters among the paintings collected by the Danish king Christian IV. The first such masks to appear in a Danish context are three Pantaloons acting as stage hands in a court ballet which was part of Det store Bilager (‘The Great Wedding Feast’), the grandiose festivities celebrating the Crown Prince's wedding in 1634. Later, German troupes may have presented harlequinades. The first reliable accounts of Italian actors playing in Denmark feature a certain Venetian comedian-charlatan: Sebastiano di Scio, known as Harlekino, who travelled the country with a twenty-four strong entourage, at the turn of the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries. He was employed as a royal comedian and physician, and furnished the Royal household with obscure medicines for obscure diseases. The combination of comedian and charlatan is, of course, typical.
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González-Cuerva, Rubén. "The Cloistered Ambassador: non-European Agents in the Convents of Madrid (1585-1701)." Culture & History Digital Journal 11, no. 1 (June 21, 2022): e007. http://dx.doi.org/10.3989/chdj.2022.007.
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In line with its medieval predecessors, the Habsburg court had no particular problem in receiving representatives from outside the Christendom’s framework. Until 1580 these usually included Maghrebi envoys with an ambiguous status and without a notable diplomatic presence. Subsequently, the aggregation of the crown of Portugal to the Spanish Monarchy and the ceremonial standardization that gradually took place led, on the one hand, to the arrival of African and Asian agents of a different profile, with whom there was less familiarity, and on the other, to an attempt to assign them to the existing diplomatic categories. Among the numerous problems of Madrid as a reception centre for “exotic embassies,” we will look at the use of the city’s monasteries as accommodation for some of these agents and their entourage. Instead of being offered houses, these individuals were left in a provisional situation in accordance with their dubious diplomatic status, a policy that triggered problems of public order and decorum because of their difficult coexistence with the monastic communities. These and other monasteries played a further role as places of sociability and exchange for people who were not accustomed to such institutions. This will provide a glimpse into the complementarity between palaces and monasteries in a strongly confessionalised court and, paradoxically, into a kind of ceremonial flexibility that bordered on tolerance.
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Muchtar, Henni. "PARADIGMA HUKUM RESPONSIF (Suatu kajian tentang Makamah Konstitusi sebagai Lembaga Penegak Hukum)." Humanus 12, no. 2 (December 1, 2012): 160. http://dx.doi.org/10.24036/jh.v11i2.2165.
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It is really ironic that an institution of law enforcer like constitutional court whose objectives are to to defend the rights, create substantive justice and prosperity for the society, is apparently extending its authority—including constitutional complain toward the static Supreme Court’s decision—which causes concern among the society. People are worried about the lack of control of the extension on authority, indicating it will become the highest institution with no check and balances as well as the fear of increasing debates and problems among the society. This article suggests that constitutional court can explain the consideration of extending the authority to the public, in order to counter the public’s anxiousness that the institution is becoming the highest authority without check and balances.Key words: extension of authority, constitutional court, constitutional complain, society rights, Supreme Court
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Fajfrić, Željko. "Court as 'total institution'." Glasnik Advokatske komore Vojvodine 68, no. 9 (1996): 214–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/gakv9606214f.
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Author thinks that the administration of justice crisis is not only connected with the administration of justice but with the whole society which is approaching "total institution". He pleas for an independent judicary which will be free from any existence problems, political and provincial pressures and bureaucracy ideology.
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Abdurrauf, Nurrohim Yunus, and Muhammad Ali Hanafiah Selian. "RELIGIOUS COURT INSTITUTIONS AND ITS COMPETENCE IN SHARIA DISPUTE RESOLUTION." EL-SIYASA: JOURNAL OF CONSTITUTIONAL LAW 1, no. 1 (November 14, 2023): 22–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.61341/elsiyasa/v1i1.003.
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This article examines the authority of religious court institutions to resolve sharia conflicts. The primary function of religious court institutions is to resolve sharia disputes, provide legal protection, guide society, and oversee the implementation of Islamic law in society. However, religious court institutions still have limitations, such as a lack of expert staff, adequate facilities, and infrastructure, as well as a lack of public comprehension of the procedures for resolving disputes in religious court institutions. This study employs qualitative research methods with a focus on the literature and statutory regulations. According to the research findings, several alternative solutions can be proposed, such as increasing the quality and quantity of human resources, utilizing information technology, and cooperating with other institutions more closely. To increase the competence of religious court institutions, the government and society must improve the quality of human resources, provide adequate facilities and infrastructure, and raise public awareness of the procedures for resolving disputes in religious court institutions.
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Belov, Nikita V. "Fragments of a Chronicle Written at the Metropolitan’s Court on the Eve of the Oprichnina." Texts and History: Journal of Philological, Historical and Cultural Texts and History Studies 1 (2021): 62–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.31860/2712-7591-2021-1-62-88.
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The article presents a study of five entries for the year 7070/71 (1562), placed in the continuation of the ”Abbreviated Russian Chronicle”, which is found in a manuscript miscellany of historical and ecclesiastical texts from the late 16th — early 17th century. Although A. N. Nasonov and A. A. Zimin brought this chronicle to the attention of scholars in the middle of the 20th century, the text remains poorly studied and unpublished. The entries are devoted to major events that occurred in 1562: the beginning of the MuscoviteLithuanian War, the departure of Ivan IV to Mozhaisk, the death of Bishop Guriy of Ryazan, the arrest of the Vorotynsky princes, the visit of Archbishop Pimen of Novgorod to Moscow, and the fire in Pskov. Of the greatest value is the Chronicle’s information about the previously unknown ”Serpukhov treason case” that took place in the summer and fall of 1562, which led to the arrest and exile of Princes Mikhail Ivanovich and Aleksandr Ivanovich Vorotynsky, the dismissal of several other military commanders (voevody) from governmental service, and the aggravation of relations between Tsar Ivan and Prince Vladimir Andreyevich Staritsky. Most likely, this selection of chronicle entries was produced by someone in Metropolitan Makarii’s entourage between the years 1563 and 1565. The selection reflected the range of problems and essential issues that Makarii faced in his later years. The article is accompanied by the publication of the Chronicle
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Clark, Hunter R. "Shaping America: The Supreme Court and American Society." American Journal of Legal History 52, no. 3 (July 2012): 413–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ajlh/52.3.413.
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Chekalov, Kirill A. "New Book on the Author of a Poem Monrepos. Baron Nicholay and his Entourage." Studia Litterarum 7, no. 4 (2022): 356–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.22455/2500-4247-2022-7-4-356-369.
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On October 17, 2017 the conference “An Alsatian Intellectual in Enlightenment Russia: L.G. Nikolay, Strasbourg President of the Russian Academy of Sciences” happened. Materials of the conference, with the addition of other essays and documents, formed the basis of the book under review (published under the editorship of Sorbonne Professor Rodolphe Baudin and Senior Researcher of IWL RAS Alexandra Veselova). The book’s authors are well-known scientists from France, Russia, Germany and Switzerland. Baron Ludwig Heinrich von Nikolay (1737–1820; in Russia he was called Andrey Lvovich) played a prominent role in Russian social and cultural life at the end of the 18th century. Nicolay came from the intellectual milieu of Strasbourg, which became a subject of research in the essays included the book by R. Baudin, D. Ryusk and V. Berelovich. From 1769 he was in Russia, where he was entrusted with the position of mentor to the heir to the throne, Pavel Petrovich. In 1798, Nikolay was appointed president of the Russian Academy of Sciences; N. Prokhorenko’s essay is devoted to his productive activity in this post. Thanks to his personal qualities, Nicholas managed to stay at court after the coup on March 12, 1801 and ingratiate himself with Alexander I; in 1803 he left the service. A number of materials of the reviewed work are devoted to the literary work of Nikolay, a prolific and versatile poet (articles by M. Arens and A. Ananyeva). For posterity, the name Nikolay is associated primarily with the famous estate of Mon Repos in Vyborg, which he acquired in 1788, to which he dedicated a poem in 1804, probably his best work (article by Yu. Moshnik and M. Efimov). The book also pays attention to Nikolay as a character in historiographical essays and fiction (articles by A. Veselova and M. Efimov). Attached are five unpublished letters from Nicolai; their addressees are the diplomat and lawyer F.A. Annenberg and the poet and scientist K. Pfeffel. The book is provided with a chronology of Nicolai’s life and work and brief annotations of articles (in French and Russian).
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Grachyov, Maxim V. "Palace Banquet in the Heian Japan. The Origins. Part 1." Oriental Courier, no. 3-4 (2021): 166. http://dx.doi.org/10.18254/s268684310018004-2.
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The process of meal consumption was one of the key elements in the life of early medieval Japanese society as it included special rituals. Thus, food had an enormous symbolic purpose among the utilitarian ones. Court banquets were held to enhance the prestige of the host or strengthen social ties between the participants. The educational potential of the court feast was no less important. This practice was well-grounded in the early Japanese court religious and ceremonial tradition and partially continued its ideals. Court regulations preserved and furthered such traditions, for example, the Bokuzansho (Notes of the Northern Hills) is the best known among them. It is possible that the strict regulation of food amount and type not only enlarged the sphere of the sacred but also made court life more disciplined. The common meal strengthened the ideals of the court environment: the emperor and his inner circle were distinguished from the general community. To sum up, the description of the court allows us to better understand the life in the imperial palace, the provisions and ideals in dignitaries’ minds, and the various social norms and problems that existed in the court society. In the article, the author describes the phenomenon of Japanese palace meals in the 9th to 12th centuries. Therefore, based on this analysis, he presents a reconstruction of the lifestyle of Japanese court society.
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BRAND, BENJAMIN. "The vigils of medieval Tuscany." Plainsong and Medieval Music 17, no. 1 (April 2008): 23–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0961137108000764.
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AbstractOf the liturgical ceremonies enacted by the papal court in the Middle Ages, few were as distinctive as the ‘double offices’ that occurred on nights before high feasts of the Sanctorale. These consisted of two night offices, a private ‘vigil’ enacted by the pope and his entourage at dusk and a public office at the normal hour of Matins. Even as this custom flourished in Rome through the twelfth century, it concomitantly migrated north to cathedrals throughout Tuscany. Typically comprising only one nocturn, the Tuscan vigils shed their once private character, presenting a selection of the plainsong and lessons of the night office at a convenient hour for the laity. They likewise acquired distinctively civic overtones as cathedral clerics employed them in honour of local patron saints. Nowhere was this transformation more evident than in Florence and Lucca, where the vigils of Sts Zenobius and Reparata, Regulus and Martin emerged as eminently public spectacles. In this way, Tuscan clerics transformed a venerable Roman tradition into an emblem of civic as well as ecclesiastical prestige.
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Brouwer, C. G. "Under the Watchful Eye of Mimī Bin cAbd Allāh: The Voyage of the Dutch Merchant Pieter Van den Broecke to the Court of Djacfar Bāshā in Sana'a, 1616." Itinerario 9, no. 2 (July 1985): 42–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0165115300016107.
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When on the morning of 4 May 1616, after having been received in state by cavalry, noblemen and citizens, Pieter van den Broecke descends from the splendidly caparisoned mount with which he has been presented; when his feet sink into the carpets of the audience-hall of the Castle of Sana's, then he realizes, striding along between two rows of dignitaries standing with crossed arms, that a crucial moment in his voyage to the court of the “Governor-General” of the Ottoman province of Yemen has come. Djacfar Bāshā is sitting enthroned on a platform, dressed as if he were “the monarch of the entire world”. The Dutch opperkoopman (”upper-merchant”), in his black suit, greets him with reverence, whereupon the beglerbegi commands him to sit down. What! Sit down, on the carpet, on the floor, he, Captain of the Dutch? What else could that mean, in this formal entourage, but his submitting to the wālī? Then his interpreter retrieves the situation: “Sir, may Allāh bless You! The Dutch captain cannot sit in the way we are accustomed to do …”
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Rouget, François. "Les orateurs de «La Pléiade» à l'Académie du Palais (1576): étude d'un album manuscrit ayant appartenu à Marguerite de Valois." Renaissance and Reformation 31, no. 4 (January 1, 2008): 19–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.33137/rr.v31i4.9148.
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According to contemporary observers, in the years from 1576 to 1579 Henry III brought together groups of orators-men and women, poets and courtiers-to discuss questions of moral philosophy. This happened both in Paris, and in provincial towns such as Blois and Ollainville. Several of the speeches given by these diverse orators remain extant. Among the spectators was Marguerite de Valois, who ordered the transcription of thirteen speeches that were pronounced during the January-February period of 1576. This album, preserved in a beautifully-bound manuscript, provides an interesting testimony to the intellectual curiosity of Marguerite and to the abiding interest of the king and his court in the domain of eloquence. The present article describes the context in which Marguerite de Valois participated in the first sessions of the Palace Academy, and presents the manuscript volume containing several, palpable traces of her reading of the texts. It also evaluates the contribution of some poets from Marguerite's entourage, such as Ronsard, Desportes, Baïf and Jamyn, and examines aspects of their philosophical debates as well as their oratorical skills.
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Prahassacitta, Vidya, and Anastasia Monica. "Between Fair and Speedy Trial: E-Court During Pandemic and A Challenge in Society 5.0." E3S Web of Conferences 426 (2023): 02109. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202342602109.
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Indonesian authorities impose restrictions on community activities to control the spread of Covid-19 infection. It impacts the court activities, including the criminal trial process. Therefore, the Indonesia Supreme Court issued a regulation that imposed the electronic court process on a criminal trial to solve this situation. The research aims to analyze the implementation of electronic courts, especially in the criminal trial during the pandemic Covid-19 in Depok District Court. The research is qualitative with a socio-legal approach. Data collection is obtained through in-depth interviews and observation. The result shows that the court focused on a speedy trial. However, there is a lack of quality of a fair trial, and, subsequently, it harms the defendant’s rights. The electronic court will be widely used in society 5.0, where technology is highly used to integrate cyberspace and physical space. It requires a shifting paradigm from face-to-face contact to virtual contact. It becomes a challenge and may impact the decision-making process. Therefore, in the post-pandemic Covid-19 era, the court requires reviewing and improving the electronic court process, which provides the advanced technology to support the electronic trial and is more critical to guarantee access to a fair trial in the electronic court process.
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MCASEY, BRIDGET. "A CRITICAL EVALUATION OF THE KOORI COURT DIVISION OF THE VICTORIAN MAGISTRATES’ COURT." Deakin Law Review 10, no. 2 (July 1, 2005): 654. http://dx.doi.org/10.21153/dlr2005vol10no2art298.
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<div class="page" title="Page 1"><div class="layoutArea"><div class="column"><p><span>[</span><span>The Koori Court Division of the Magistrates’ Court in Victoria has been in operation since 2002. This article seeks to assess its development and operation, with the perspective that the Division has the potential to ad- dress problems Aboriginal people face in the criminal justice system and society generally. The author takes the view, however, that to fulfil this po- tential, the Division’s development and operation must function in a way that makes some effort to adjust the power imbalance between the Abo- riginal and non-Aboriginal community, The author sees a critical ap- proach to an evaluation of the Division as crucial, considering the background of treatment Aboriginal people have received at the hands of the criminal justice system and Australian society as a whole, and the negative impact of previous government policies.</span><span>] </span></p></div></div></div>
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Ralph, Jason. "International society, the International Criminal Court and American foreign policy." Review of International Studies 31, no. 1 (January 2005): 27–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0260210505006285.
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The discipline of International Relations has been slow to assess the ICC and American opposition to it. This article uses the English School approach to assess the impact of the ICC on international society. The Rome Statute's definition of core crimes and its provision of an independent prosecutor help to legally constitute world society which transcends the society of states. The US opposes this development by arguing that international criminal justice should remain within the framework of international society. This is because the society of states accommodates a strong exceptionalist discourse and furthers America's particular interests in a way world society does not.
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Moon, Jaewan. "Abortion Law Debate in America- How Did Conservative Lawyers Overturn Roe v. Wade?" Korean Association of International Association of Constitutional Law 28, no. 2 (August 31, 2022): 1–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.24324/kiacl.2022.28.2.1.
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On June 24, 2022, the U.S. Supreme Court decided in Dobbs v. Jackson Women’s Health Organization that the Constitution does not confer a right to abortion, which had been upheld since Roe v. Wade in 1973. Roe, overruled by Dobbs, had represented constitutional revolution led by liberal Justices starting from the Warren Court.
Conservative lawyers have tried to put an end to judicial activism since early 1980s.
This paper reviews the conservative judicial movement in terms of constitutional interpretation as well as social movement.
Originalism, conservative theory of constitutional interpretation based upon the text of the Constitutional and original meaning of the text, has been developed to criticize the Warren and Burger Court’s decisions of making constitutional rights based upon a theory of living constitutionalism. Originalists argue that incorporation of current values is the obligation of the representative, not the job of the court. In Dobbs the Supreme Court delivered an opinion that Roe was egregiously wrong and on a collision course with the Constitution.
Six Justices in majority opinion in Dobbs are members of, or otherwise affiliated with the Federalist Society. The Society, which was founded to promote conservative and libertarian beliefs such as limited government and judicial restraint in 1982, has grown to be the most influential legal network. Though the Society is accused of making the Court politicized, what we as foreign scholars should learn from the Society is the intellectual culture that the Society is focusing on. The Society has accumulated intellectual capital by way of reasoned debate and robust discussion.
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Ristawati, Rosa, and Radian Salman. "The Role of The Indonesian Constitutional Court in Preventing Social Conflict in A Diverse Society." Constitutional Review 9, no. 2 (December 31, 2023): 332. http://dx.doi.org/10.31078/consrev925.
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In the diverse society of Indonesia, the Constitutional Court plays a vital role in maintaining social harmony and preventing social conflict. Although this contribution is largely indirect, the Court exerts significant influence through its decisions. Since its establishment in 2003, the Court has rendered over 1,000 decisions, many of which carry profound implications for Indonesian society. This article addresses how the Constitutional Court, through its decisions, has contributed to mitigating social conflicts and fostering equilibrium within the nation’s diversity. To analyze this main issue, a normative approach grounded in the nation’s laws and the Constitutional Court’s decisions will be employed. Several decisions, especially on judicial reviews and election disputes, will be examined to illustrate the Court’s role in minimizing social conflict. From a social theory perspective, the study of social conflict has relevance in the context of law and society, given the potential for various types of conflicts in Indonesia’s diverse society. The legal basis for addressing social conflicts in Indonesia is the 2007 Law on Social Conflict Management. According to this law, social conflicts may arise from various factors, including political issues, economic disparities, socio-cultural differences, inter-religious or inter-ethnic tensions, disputes over boundaries at the village, regency/municipal, or provincial levels, conflicts related to natural resources, and disparities in the distribution of these resources within society. The Constitutional Court indirectly plays a role in preventing social conflicts. Nevertheless, the Court faces challenges in fulfilling this role. Pressures from various parties and interests may hinder its ability to ensure constitutional justice, potentially compromising its principles of independence and impartiality in fulfilling its mandate.
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Halbertal, M. "Israel's Supreme Court and the transformation of Israeli society." International Journal of Constitutional Law 11, no. 4 (October 1, 2013): 1111–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/icon/mot060.
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Mussi, Francesca. "From the Campbell Case to a Recent Ruling of the Constitutional Court of South Africa: Is There Any Hope to Revive the Tribunal of the Southern African Development Community?" African Journal of International and Comparative Law 28, Supplement (November 2020): 110–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/ajicl.2020.0334.
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This article provides a critical analysis of the judgments delivered by the Regional High Court of Pretoria in the case Law Society of South Africa et al. v. President of the Republic of South Africa, the Minister of Justice and Constitutional Development, the Minister of International Relations and Co-operation and the Constitutional Court of South Africa in Law Society of South Africa and Others v. President of the Republic of South Africa and Others in order to investigate to what extent they can contribute to discuss the revival of the SADC Tribunal with all its original powers. After providing an overview of the SADC Tribunal's legal structure and the judgment delivered in 2008 in the Mike Campbell v. Zimbabwe case, the present contribution will consider the legal reasoning of the Regional High Court of Pretoria and the Constitutional Court of South Africa respectively. It will also develop some considerations of the role played by civil society groups in other SADC member states.
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McNeill, G., P. Jenkins, MJR Simmonds, T. Bewick, M. Chikhani, Joel Meyer, and A. Hutchinson. "Abstracts from the Society for Acute Medicine Spring Meeting." Acute Medicine Journal 6, no. 1 (January 1, 2007): 37–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.52964/amja.0154.
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Cooke, Robin. "The Judge in an Evolving Society." Victoria University of Wellington Law Review 28, no. 3 (June 1, 1998): 467. http://dx.doi.org/10.26686/vuwlr.v28i3.6068.
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In this address, given to Judges and Judicial Officers of the High Court of Hong Kong on 17 December 1997, Lord Cooke speaks of the development of a common law of the world with particular reference to the Basic Law of Hong Kong.
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Geng, Zhimin. "An exploration of selective justice in the International Criminal Court." SHS Web of Conferences 178 (2023): 02019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/shsconf/202317802019.
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With the development of history, human society has experienced the development stage from disorder to law, from domestic law to international law. International law came into being and developed in the context of increasing exchanges between states. International criminal law has emerged and developed in modern times on the basis of the continuous development of international law. The International Criminal Court is also a form of international legal system that has emerged when human society has developed to a certain stage.To punish international criminal criminals more effectively through the trial of the International Criminal Court, to stop, prevent or deter the occurrence of international criminal crimes and potential international criminal criminals is an inevitable historical product of the development of human society to a certain stage, and it is a milestone progress. The International Criminal Court has played a positive role in the protection of human rights in all countries, especially in developing countries. Based on the principle of complementary jurisdiction, the jurisdiction of the International Criminal Court encompasses a set of jurisdictional principles, conditions and procedures to ensure the legality and impartiality of its exercise. These principles, conditions and procedures of jurisdiction have certain particularity. Since the establishment of the International Criminal Court, there has been a problem of selective justice, so this paper tries to discuss the meaning of selective justice in the International Criminal Court, the development of selective justice in the International Criminal Court and the influencing factors of selective justice in the International Criminal Court.