Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Entities on the Web'
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Iofciu, Tereza [Verfasser]. "Users and entities on the web / Tereza Iofciu." Hannover : Technische Informationsbibliothek und Universitätsbibliothek Hannover (TIB), 2013. http://d-nb.info/1035391759/34.
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Urbansky, David. "Automatic Extraction and Assessment of Entities from the Web." Doctoral thesis, Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2012. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:14-qucosa-97469.
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The search for information about entities, such as people or movies, plays an increasingly important role on the Web. This information is still scattered across many Web pages, making it more time consuming for a user to find all relevant information about an entity. This thesis describes techniques to extract entities and information about these entities from the Web, such as facts, opinions, questions and answers, interactive multimedia objects, and events. The findings of this thesis are that it is possible to create a large knowledge base automatically using a manually-crafted ontology. The precision of the extracted information was found to be between 75–90 % (facts and entities respectively) after using assessment algorithms. The algorithms from this thesis can be used to create such a knowledge base, which can be used in various research fields, such as question answering, named entity recognition, and information retrieval.
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Alsarem, Mazen. "Semantic snippets via query-biased ranking of linked data entities." Thesis, Lyon, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LYSEI044/document.
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Dans cette thèse, nous introduisons un nouvel artefact interactif pour le SERP: le "Snippet sémantique". Les snippets sémantiques s'appuient sur la coexistence des deux Webs pour faciliter le transfert des connaissances aux utilisateurs grâce a une contextualisation sémantique du besoin d'information de l'utilisateur. Ils font apparaître les relations entre le besoin d'information et les entités les plus pertinentes présentes dans la page WebIn this thesis, we introduce a new interactive artifact for the SERP: the "Semantic Snippet". Semantic Snippets rely on the coexistence of the two webs to facilitate the transfer of knowledge to the user thanks to a semantic contextualization of the user's information need. It makes apparent the relationships between the information need and the most relevant entities present in the web page
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Demartini, Gianluca [Verfasser]. "From people to entities : typed search in the enterprise and the web / Gianluca Demartini." Hannover : Technische Informationsbibliothek und Universitätsbibliothek Hannover (TIB), 2011. http://d-nb.info/1013472055/34.
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Gunaratna, Kalpa. "Semantics-based Summarization of Entities in Knowledge Graphs." Wright State University / OhioLINK, 2017. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=wright1496124815009777.
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Nakashole, Ndapandula T. [Verfasser], and Gerhard [Akademischer Betreuer] Weikum. "Automatic extraction of facts, relations, and entities for web-scale knowledge base population / Ndapandula T. Nakashole. Betreuer: Gerhard Weikum." Saarbrücken : Saarländische Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek, 2013. http://d-nb.info/1052779654/34.
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GUDIVADA, RANGA CHANDRA. "DISCOVERY AND PRIORITIZATION OF BIOLOGICAL ENTITIES UNDERLYING COMPLEX DISORDERS BY PHENOME-GENOME NETWORK INTEGRATION." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2007. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1195161740.
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Fotsoh, Tawaofaing Armel. "Recherche d’entités nommées complexes sur le web : propositions pour l’extraction et pour le calcul de similarité." Thesis, Pau, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PAUU3003/document.
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Les récents développements des nouvelles technologies de l’information et de la communication font du Web une véritable mine d’information. Cependant, les pages Web sont très peu structurées. Par conséquent, il est difficile pour une machine de les traiter automatiquement pour en extraire des informations pertinentes pour une tâche ciblée. C’est pourquoi les travaux de recherche s’inscrivant dans la thématique de l’Extraction d’Information dans les pages web sont en forte croissance. Aussi, l’interrogation de ces informations, généralement structurées et stockées dans des index pour répondre à des besoins d’information précis correspond à la Recherche d’Information (RI). Notre travail de thèse se situe à la croisée de ces deux thématiques. Notre objectif principal est de concevoir et de mettre en œuvre des stratégies permettant de scruter le web pour extraire des Entités Nommées (EN) complexes (EN composées de plusieurs propriétés pouvant être du texte ou d’autres EN) de type entreprise ou de type événement, par exemple. Nous proposons ensuite des services d’indexation et d’interrogation pour répondre à des besoins d’informations. Ces travaux ont été réalisés au sein de l’équipe T2I du LIUPPA, et font suite à une commande de l’entreprise Cogniteev, dont le cœur de métier est centré sur l’analyse du contenu du Web. Les problématiques visées sont, d’une part, l’extraction d’EN complexes sur le Web et, d’autre part, l’indexation et la recherche d’information intégrant ces EN complexes. Notre première contribution porte sur l’extraction d’EN complexes dans des textes. Pour cette contribution, nous prenons en compte plusieurs problèmes, notamment le contexte bruité caractérisant certaines propriétés (pour un événement par exemple, la page web correspondante peut contenir deux dates : la date de l’événement et celle de mise en vente des billets). Pour ce problème en particulier, nous introduisons un module de détection de blocs qui permet de focaliser l’extraction des propriétés sur des blocs de texte pertinents. Nos expérimentations montrent une nette amélioration des performances due à cette approche. Nous nous sommes également intéressés à l’extraction des adresses, où la principale difficulté découle du fait qu’aucun standard ne se soit réellement imposé comme modèle de référence. Nous proposons donc un modèle étendu et une approche d’extraction basée sur des patrons et des ressources libres.Notre deuxième contribution porte sur le calcul de similarité entre EN complexes. Dans l’état de l’art, ce calcul se fait généralement en deux étapes : (i) une première calcule les similarités entre propriétés et (ii) une deuxième agrège les scores obtenus pour le calcul de la similarité globale. En ce qui concerne cette première étape, nous proposons une fonction de calcul de similarité entre EN spatiale, l’une représentée par un point et l’autre par un polygone. Elle complète l’état de l’art. Notons que nos principales propositions se situent au niveau de la deuxième étape. Ainsi, nous proposons trois techniques pour l’agrégation des scores intermédiaires. Les deux premières sont basées sur la somme pondérée des scores intermédiaires (combinaison linéaire et régression logistique). La troisième exploite les arbres de décisions pour agréger les scores intermédiaires. Enfin, nous proposons une dernière approche basée sur le clustering et le modèle vectoriel de Salton pour le calcul de similarité entre EN complexes. Son originalité vient du fait qu’elle ne nécessite pas de passer par le calcul de scores de similarités intermédiairesRecent developments in information technologies have made the web an important data source. However, the web content is very unstructured. Therefore, it is a difficult task to automatically process this web content in order to extract relevant information. This is a reason why research work related to Information Extraction (IE) on the web are growing very quickly. Similarly, another very explored research area is the querying of information extracted on the web to answer an information need. This other research area is known as Information Retrieval (IR). Our research work is at the crossroads of both areas. The main goal of our work is to develop strategies and techniques for crawling the web in order to extract complex Named Entities (NEs) (NEs with several properties that may be text or other NEs). We then propose to index them and to query them in order to answer information needs. This work was carried out within the T2I team of the LIUPPA laboratory, in collaboration with Cogniteev, a company which core business is focused on the analysis of web content. The issues we had to deal with were the extraction of complex NEs on the web and the development of IR services supplied by the extracted data. Our first contribution is related to complex NEs extraction from text content. For this contribution, we take into consideration several problems, in particular the noisy context characterizing some properties (the web page describing an event for example, may contain more than one dates: the event’s date and the date of ticket’s sales opening). For this particular problem, we introduce a block detection module that focuses property's extraction on relevant text blocks. Our experiments show an improvement of system’s performances. We also focused on address extraction where the main issue arises from the fact that there is not a standard way for writing addresses in general and on the web in particular. We therefore propose a pattern-based approach which uses some lexicons for extracting addresses from text, regardless of proprietary resources.Our second contribution deals with similarity computation between complex NEs. In the state of the art, this similarity computation is generally performed in two steps: (i) first, similarities between properties are calculated; (ii) then the obtained similarities are aggregated to compute the overall similarity. Our main proposals focuses on the second step. We propose three techniques for aggregating property’s similarities. The first two are based on the weighted sum of these property’s similarities (simple linear combination and logistic regression). The third technique however, uses decision trees for the aggregation. Finally, we also propose a last approach based on clustering and Salton vector model. This last approach evaluates the similarity at the complex NE level without computing property’s similarities. We also propose a similarity computation function between spatial EN, one represented by a point and the other by a polygon. This completes those of the state of the art
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Urbansky, David [Verfasser], Alexander [Akademischer Betreuer] Schill, James [Akademischer Betreuer] Thom, and Michael [Akademischer Betreuer] Schroeder. "Automatic Extraction and Assessment of Entities from the Web / David Urbansky. Gutachter: Alexander Schill ; James Thom ; Michael Schroeder. Betreuer: Alexander Schill ; James Thom." Dresden : Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2012. http://d-nb.info/1068148233/34.
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Watanabe, Willian Massami. "Auxílio à leitura de textos em português facilitado: questões de acessibilidade." Universidade de São Paulo, 2010. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/55/55134/tde-22092010-164526/.
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A grande capacidade de disponibilização de informações que a Web possibilita se traduz em múltiplas possibilidades e oportunidades para seus usuários. Essas pessoas são capazes de acessar conteúdos provenientes de todas as partes do planeta, independentemente de onde elas estejam. Mas essas possibilidades não são estendidas a todos, sendo necessário mais que o acesso a um computador e a Internet para que sejam realizadas. Indivíduos que apresentem necessidades especiais (deficiência visual, cognitiva, dificuldade de locomoção, entre outras) são privados do acesso a sites e aplicações web que façam mal emprego de tecnologias web ou possuam o conteúdo sem os devidos cuidados para com a acessibilidade. Um dos grupos que é privado do acesso a esse ambiente é o de pessoas com dificuldade de leitura (analfabetos funcionais). A ampla utilização de recursos textuais nas aplicações pode tornar difícil ou mesmo impedir as interações desses indivíduos com os sistemas computacionais. Nesse contexto, este trabalho tem por finalidade o desenvolvimento de tecnologias assistivas que atuem como facilitadoras de leitura e compreensão de sites e aplicações web a esses indivíduos (analfabetos funcionais). Essas tecnologias assistivas utilizam recursos de processamento de língua natural visando maximizar a compreensão do conteúdo pelos usuários. Dentre as técnicas utilizadas são destacadas: simplificação sintática, sumarização automática, elaboração léxica e reconhecimento das entidades nomeadas. Essas técnicas são utilizadas com a finalidade de promover a adaptação automática de conteúdos disponíveis na Web para usuários com baixo nível de alfabetização. São descritas características referentes à acessibilidade de aplicações web e princípios de design para usuários com baixo nível de alfabetização, para garantir a identificação e entendimento das funcionalidades que são implementadas nas duas tecnologias assistivas resultado deste trabalho (Facilita e Facilita Educacional). Este trabalho contribuiu com a identificação de requisitos de acessibilidade para usuários com baixo nível de alfabetização, modelo de acessibilidade para automatizar a conformidade com a WCAG e desenvolvimento de soluções de acessibilidade na camada de agentes de usuáriosThe large capacity of Web for providing information leads to multiple possibilities and opportunities for users. The development of high performance networks and ubiquitous devices allow users to retrieve content from any location and in different scenarios or situations they might face in their lives. Unfortunately the possibilities offered by the Web are not necessarily currently available to all. Individuals who do not have completely compliant software or hardware that are able to deal with the latest technologies, or have some kind of physical or cognitive disability, find it difficult to interact with web pages, depending on the page structure and the ways in which the content is made available. When specifically considering the cognitive disabilities, users classified as functionally illiterate face severe difficulties accessing web content. The heavy use of texts on interfaces design creates an accessibility barrier to those who cannot read fluently in their mother tongue due to both text length and linguistic complexity. In this context, this work aims at developing an assistive technologies that assists functionally illiterate users during their reading and understanding of websites textual content. These assistive technologies make use of natural language processing (NLP) techniques that maximize reading comprehension for users. The natural language techniques that this work uses are: syntactic simplification, automatic summarization, lexical elaboration and named entities recognition. The techniques are used with the goal of automatically adapting textual content available on the Web for users with low literacy levels. This work describes the accessibility characteristics incorporated into both resultant applications (Facilita and Educational Facilita) that focus on low literacy users limitations towards computer usage and experience. This work contributed with the identification of accessibility requirements for low-literacy users, elaboration of an accessibility model for automatizing WCAG conformance and development of accessible solutions in the user agents layer of web applications
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Govind. "Entity-level Event Impact Analytics." Thesis, Normandie, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018NORMC260/document.
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Notre société est de plus en plus présente sur le Web. En conséquence, une grande partie des événements quotidiens a vocation à être numérisée. Dans ce cadre, le Web contient des descriptions de divers événements du monde réel et provenant du monde entier. L'ampleur de ces événements peut varier, allant de ceux pertinents uniquement localement à ceux qui retiennent l'attention du monde entier. La presse et les médias sociaux permettent d’atteindre une diffusion presque mondiale. L’ensemble de toutes ces données décrivant des événements sociétaux potentiellement complexes ouvre la porte à de nombreuses possibilités de recherche pour analyser et mieux comprendre l'état de notre société.Dans cette thèse, nous étudions diverses tâches d’analyse de l’impact des événements sociétaux. Plus précisément, nous abordons trois facettes dans le contexte des événements et du Web, à savoir la diffusion d’événements dans des communautés de langues étrangères, la classification automatisée des contenus Web et l’évaluation et la visualisation de la viralité de l’actualité. Nous émettons l'hypothèse que les entités nommées associées à un événement ou à un contenu Web contiennent des informations sémantiques précieuses, qui peuvent être exploitées pour créer des modèles de prédiction précis. À l'aide de nombreuses études, nous avons montré que l'élévation du contenu Web au niveau des entités saisissait leur essence essentielle et offrait ainsi une variété d'avantages pour obtenir de meilleures performances dans diverses tâches. Nous exposons de nouvelles découvertes sur des tâches disparates afin de réaliser notre objectif global en matière d'analyse de l’impact des événements sociétauxOur society has been rapidly growing its presence on the Web, as a consequence we are digitizing a large collection of our daily happenings. In this scenario, the Web receives virtual occurrences of various events corresponding to their real world occurrences from all around the world. Scale of these events can vary from locally relevant ones up to those that receive global attention. News and social media of current times provide all essential means to reach almost a global diffusion. This big data of complex societal events provide a platform to many research opportunities for analyzing and gaining insights into the state of our society.In this thesis, we investigate a variety of social event impact analytics tasks. Specifically, we address three facets in the context of events and the Web, namely, diffusion of events in foreign languages communities, automated classification of Web contents, and news virality assessment and visualization. We hypothesize that the named entities associated with an event or a Web content carry valuable semantic information, which can be exploited to build accurate prediction models. We have shown with the help of multiple studies that raising Web contents to the entity-level captures their core essence, and thus, provides a variety of benefits in achieving better performance in diverse tasks. We report novel findings over disparate tasks in an attempt to fulfill our overall goal on societal event impact analytics
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Torbjörn, Holgersson, and Svärd Tommi. "Att odla fram ny teknik : Web of Things och tillsammansodling i friska vindar." Thesis, Blekinge Tekniska Högskola, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:bth-16403.
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Abstrakt Nyckelord: Web of Things, Tillsammansodling, Ting, Entitet, Kultur I undersökningen går vi igenom hur ting kan existera inom olika plan av vårt medvetande och även hur teknologin inom Web of Things (WoT*) kan agera som en entitet inom ett fenomen såsom tillsammansodling. De metoder som valts för att undersöka fenomenet är Brainstorm, Att flytta gränser och De sex tänkarmössorna. Dessa tre metoder är våra huvudmetoder som ansågs vara bästa valen för ändamålet medan alternativa metoder som Kanban*, funktionsanalys och ett agilt tänkande var för att kunna ge vår design det extra stöd som behövdes för att utvecklas. Metoderna för att kunna undersöka detta fenomen har utgjorts av olika delar från boken Design av informationsteknik av Jonas Löwgren och Erik Stolterman där vi utgått från att skapa en design med hjälp av de tre delarna vision, den operativa bilden och specifikationen (Löwgren & Stolterman, 2004). Dessa tre delar har använts i fem olika iterationer för att kunna använda metoderna i olika plan av designen. Resultatet påvisas genom att gå igenom designprocessens fem iterationer och med stöd från tidigare och aktuell forskning medan diskussionen presenteras genom att gå igenom de fyra hypoteser vi själva arbetade fram genom att undersöka tidigare och aktuella forskningstexter, de fyra hypoteser är som följer. Hypotes ett: Fenomenet tillsammansodling i stadsmiljöer med kopplingar till Web of Things (WoT) skapar ett ting som består av både fysiska och psykiska relationer till de som befinner sig i det. Hypotes två: Tillsammansodlingar är till förmån för hållbarhet och sociala möten. Hypotes tre: WoT är inte bara ett fysiskt ting utan även psykiskt och kan beblanda sig med både människa och maskin på olika plan. Hypotes fyra: WoT som sociala medier kan få människan att vilja börja ta del av tillsammansodlingar i stadsmiljöer och påtrycka ändringar hos maskiner och hur människor arbetar tillsammans med dem.Abstract Keywords: Web of Things, Community gardening, Things, Entity, Culture In this Bachelor thesis we go through how things can exist within different planes of our mind and further how technology within Web Of Things (WoT) can act as an entity within a phenomenon like Community gardening. The methods that was chosen for the survey of the phenomenon are Brainstorm, To move the border and The six thinkingcaps. This three methods are our main methods that was considered to be the best choice for our purpose while alternative methods like Kanban, Function analyses and an agile thinking was considered to be the extra structure our design needed to evolve. The methods to maintain this survey of the phenomenon has been consisted of different parts from the book Thoughtful interaction design written by Jonas Löwgren and Erik Stolterman where we extracted three parts from it where the parts was vision, operative image and specification in order to create our design (Löwgren & Stolterman, 2004). This three parts has been integrated in five different iterations in order to use the methods of choosing in different parts of the design. The result is manifested from the design processes five iterations and the support from earlier and current researches while the discussion is presented through four hypotheses we manifested from the work from earlier and current research papers, the four hypotheses are as followed. Hypothesis s one: The phenomenon Community gardening in urban environments with relations to Web of Things creates a thing that coexist within both the physical and psychological in the relationships of what is inside of the phenomenon. Hypothesis two: Community gardening is beneficial for sustainability and social encounters. Hypothesis three: Web Of Things is not just a physical thing but also a psychical and can exist in different planes of both mankind and machines. Hypothesis four: Web Of Things as social media can make the mankind want to integrate with Community gardening in urban environments and push changes in how humans and machine works together.
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Morón, Urbina Juan Carlos. "Proyects by direct management and custom proyects: solution or problem? Should we restrict them?" IUS ET VERITAS, 2017. http://repositorio.pucp.edu.pe/index/handle/123456789/123196.
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The author performs an analysis of the power that public entities have, under certain assumptions, to attend their own needs for goods, services and proyects without the need of contracting with private individuals, but using self-provision. The study covers the conditions under which entities can opt for this alternative, the limits that exist for it and the consequences they bring to the effectiveness of the entity’s management. In addition, the author proposes considerations that should be adopted by legislation in the field for greater control and verification of the conditions of effectiveness.El autor realiza un análisis de la facultad que tienen, bajo ciertos supuestos, las entidades públicas para atender sus propias necesidades de bienes, servicios y obras sin necesidad de contratar con privados, sino recurriendo a la autoprovisión. El estudio realizado abarca las condiciones en las cuales las entidades pueden optar por esta alternativa, los límites que existen para ello y las consecuencias que traen para la eficacia de la gestión de la entidad. Además, el autor propone consideraciones que debería adoptar la legislación en la materia para un mayor control y verificación de las condiciones de eficacia.
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Walker, Daniël Andreas. "Finansiële jaarstate van 'n universiteit ingevolge die Wet op Hoër Onderwys : 'n gevallestudie / Daniël Andreas Walker." Thesis, North-West University, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10394/1660.
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Albertini, Margery Evelyn. "Entities." The Ohio State University, 1991. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1371222174.
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Er, Ngurah Agus Sanjaya. "Techniques avancées pour l'extraction d'information par l'exemple." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris, ENST, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018ENST0060.
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La recherche d’information sur le Web requiert généralement la création d’une requête à partir d’un ensemble de mots-clés et de la soumettre à un moteur de recherche. Le résultat de la recherche, qui est une liste de pages Web, est trié en fonction de la pertinence de chaque page par rapport aux mots clés donnés. Cette méthode classique nécessite de l’utilisateur une connaissance relativement bonne du domaine de l’information ciblée afin de trouver les bons mots-clés. Étant donné une même requête, i.e. liste de mots-clés, les pages renvoyées par le moteur de recherche seraient classées différemment selon l’utilisateur. Sous un autre angle, la recherche d’informations trés précises telles qu’un pays et sa capitale obligerait, sans doute, l’utilisateur à parcourir tous les documents retournées et à lire chaque contenu manuellement. Cela prend non seulement du temps, mais exige également beaucoup d’efforts. Nous abordons dans cette thèse une méthode alternative de recherche d’informations, c’est-à-dire en donnant des exemples parmi les informations recherchées. Tout d’abord, nous essayons d’améliorer la précision de la recherche des méthodes existantes en étendant syntaxiquement les exemples donnés. Ensuite, nous utilisons le paradigme de découverte de la vérité pour classer les résultats renvoyés. Enfin, nous étudions la possibilité d’élargir les exemples sémantiquement en annotant (ou étiquetant) chaque groupe d’éléments des exemplesSearching for information on the Web is generally achieved by constructing a query from a set of keywords and firing it to a search engine. This traditional method requires the user to have a relatively good knowledge of the domain of the targeted information to come up with the correct keywords. The search results, in the form of Web pages, are ranked based on the relevancy of each Web page to the given keywords. For the same set of keywords, the Web pages returned by the search engine would be ranked differently depending on the user. Moreover, finding specific information such as a country and its capital city would require the user to browse through all the documents and reading its content manually. This is not only time consuming but also requires a great deal of effort. We address in this thesis an alternative method of searching for information, i.e. by giving examples of the information in question. First, we try to improve the accuracy of the search by example systems by expanding the given examples syntactically. Next, we use truth discovery paradigm to rank the returned query results. Finally, we investigate the possibility of expanding the examples semantically through labelling each group of elements of the examples
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Ben, Abacha Asma. "Recherche de réponses précises à des questions médicales : le système de questions-réponses MEANS." Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00735612.
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La recherche de réponses précises à des questions formulées en langue naturelle renouvelle le champ de la recherche d'information. De nombreux travaux ont eu lieu sur la recherche de réponses à des questions factuelles en domaine ouvert. Moins de travaux ont porté sur la recherche de réponses en domaine de spécialité, en particulier dans le domaine médical ou biomédical. Plusieurs conditions différentes sont rencontrées en domaine de spécialité comme les lexiques et terminologies spécialisés, les types particuliers de questions, entités et relations du domaine ou les caractéristiques des documents ciblés. Dans une première partie, nous étudions les méthodes permettant d'analyser sémantiquement les questions posées par l'utilisateur ainsi que les textes utilisés pour trouver les réponses. Pour ce faire nous utilisons des méthodes hybrides pour deux tâches principales : (i) la reconnaissance des entités médicales et (ii) l'extraction de relations sémantiques. Ces méthodes combinent des règles et patrons construits manuellement, des connaissances du domaine et des techniques d'apprentissage statistique utilisant différents classifieurs. Ces méthodes hybrides, expérimentées sur différents corpus, permettent de pallier les inconvénients des deux types de méthodes d'extraction d'information, à savoir le manque de couverture potentiel des méthodes à base de règles et la dépendance aux données annotées des méthodes statistiques. Dans une seconde partie, nous étudions l'apport des technologies du web sémantique pour la portabilité et l'expressivité des systèmes de questions-réponses. Dans le cadre de notre approche, nous exploitons les technologies du web sémantique pour annoter les informations extraites en premier lieu et pour interroger sémantiquement ces annotations en second lieu. Enfin, nous présentons notre système de questions-réponses, appelé MEANS, qui utilise à la fois des techniques de TAL, des connaissances du domaine et les technologies du web sémantique pour répondre automatiquement aux questions médicales.
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Teichmann, Roger. "Abstract entities." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1988. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.315954.
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Rebollo, Puig Manuel. "Disciplinary Liability of legal entities, entities without personality and administrators." IUS ET VERITAS, 2017. http://repositorio.pucp.edu.pe/index/handle/123456789/122924.
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The disciplinary liability of legal entities, which the regulation normally accepts, is not an exception to the principles of existing guilty and of personalizing the sanction: it is a liability for action and fault of the legal entity. In particular, it analyzes the liability of legal entities by the actions of their administrators. And, also, it studies the cases in which the Law provides certain complements or qualifications to that liability. Above all, the cases in which the disciplinary liability of the administrators is evident. It also addresses the liability of entities without personality and it highlights the advantages and difficulties that their application entails.La responsabilidad sancionadora de las personas jurídicas, que acepta con normalidad el ordenamiento, no es una excepción a los principios de culpabilidad y de personalidad de las sanciones: se trata de una responsabilidad por acción y culpa propias de la persona jurídica. En especial, se analiza la responsabilidad de las personas jurídicas por la actuación de sus administradores. Y, asimismo, se estudian los supuestos en que el Derecho prevé ciertos complementos o matizaciones a esa responsabilidad. Sobre todo, los casos en los que se consagra laresponsabilidad sancionadora de los propios administradores. Se aborda también la responsabilidad de entes sin personalidad y se ponen de relieve las ventajas y dificultades que su aplicación entraña.
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Rajadurai, Chandrasekar. "High Spin Entities." Phd thesis, [S.l. : s.n.], 2004. http://tuprints.ulb.tu-darmstadt.de/432/1/CHANDRU-THESIS.pdf.
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The main aim of the work is the synthesis of new radicals and their organization into supramolecular architectures via H-bonding, Pi-stacking and metal coordination. Therefore within this thesis two new high spin ligands (1 and 2) carrying nitronylnitroxides, monoradicals 3-5, and a symmetrical triradical were synthesized and extensively characterized. The study of the absorption spectra of the radicals established that a pyridine component compared to benzene reduces the extinction coefficients in the visible region, and that the vibronic coupling is lost when the radicals are connected directly to the pyridine. From the ESR-spectra of the mono-, bi-, and triradicals in liquid solution a strong exchange coupling between the radical sites in the bi- and triradicals could be concluded (J >> An). Biradicals gave zerofield splitting value of D/hc ~ 0.24 ?10-4 cm-1, accounting for an averaged dipolar distance of r ~ 1.02 nm. This distance is much smaller than the one determined from X-ray structural analysis (r ~ 1.5 nm) demonstrating the spin delocalization into the conjugated systems. The helium temperature ESR measurements showed that the intensity of the Delta ms = 2 transition follow Curie?s law with positive exchange coupling value of about J ~ 10 ?15 K. Semi-empirical calculation supported the triplet ground state. In Chapter 4. are described the coordination chemistry of the radicals with metals. A centrosymmetric linear trinuclear copper complex 22 was crystallized with three Cu(hfac)2 and two radicals forming a S = 5/2 system. Linear coordination polymers were prepared by combining monoradical 4 with Cu(hfac)2 and Mn(hfac)2, for the alternative copper radical chain ferromagnetic coupling (J = 6 cm-1) was observed and the ferrimagnetic manganese-radical chain show antiferromagnetic coupling with interchain dipole exchange interaction (zJ? = -0.33 cm-1). Complexation of biradical 1 with Cu(hfac)2 gave a complex network structure upon crystallization, with seven copper centres for two biradical units. Magnetic susceptibility measurement show antiferromagnetic interaction from 300 K to 14 K and an increase of the susceptibility below 14 K, indicating a possible ferromagnetic interaction. The pure organic approaches towards supramoelcular organizations are described in Chapter 5. Here two H-bonding synthons based on radicals 26 and 27 were crystallized whose X-ray structure define H-bonding between the acetylene hydrogen and the radical oxygen. At temperatures below 30 K the interactions turn into antiferromagnetic behaviour. Finally also the stacking of the Pi- systems was studied. As first example was used monoradical 22 which led to a stacking distance of 3.7 ? with additional H-bonding of the water molecules. Although the angle between the molecules in the stack is 60 deg, which is good for ferromagnetic ordering, the magnetic measurement show strong decline of the susceptibility below 50 K and only an increase below 3 K. Finally an attempt was made to stack a Pi-structure using a symmetrical triradical on the basis of previous literature report of such moieties without radical sites. The overall yield, however, was too small for full elucidation of the solid state properties. Nevertheless, this triradical will definitely serve its purpose, if the reaction is well optimized for high yield.
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Liu, Kuo-Kang. "Deformation of cellular entities." Thesis, Imperial College London, 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/8167.
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Hou, Jean Fen-ju. "Clustering with obstacle entities." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape7/PQDD_0023/MQ51360.pdf.
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Garip-Kuebler, Aylin. "Rare anterior uveitis entities." Diss., Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, 2014. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:19-167080.
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Hadjiprocopis, Andreas. "Feed forward neural network entities." Thesis, City University London, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.340374.
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Brandao, Wladmir Cardoso. "Exploiting entities for query expansion." Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1843/ESBF-9GMJW2.
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A substantial fraction of web search queries contain references to entities, such as persons, organizations, and locations. In this work, we propose entity-oriented query expansion approaches that exploit semantic sources of evidence devising discriminative term features and machine learning techniques that effectively combines these features to rank candidate expansion terms. Particularly, our unsupervised approach (UQEE) uses taxonomic features devised by the semantic structure implicitly provided by infobox templates, while our learning to rank approach (L2EE) considers semantic evidence encoded in the content of Wikipedia article fields to automatically labels training examples proportionally to their observed retrieval effectiveness. Lastly, we propose a self-supervised approach to autonomously generate infoboxes for Wikipedia articles (WAVE). Experiments attest the effectiveness of our approaches, with significantly gains compared to state-of-the-art PRF and ePRF approaches.Uma fração substancial de consultas submetidas às máquinas de busca na web fazem referência a entidades, como pessoas, organizações e locais. No presente trabalho, nós propomos abordagens orientadas a entidade para expansão de consulta que exploram aspectos semânticos em bases de conhecimento para derivar evidências discriminativas de termos e técnicas de aprendizagem de máquina, com o intuito de combinar de maneira efetiva as evidências a fim de se obter um ranking de termos candidatos para expansão. Particularmente, nossa abordagem supervisionada (UQEE) utiliza-se de evidências derivadas da estrutura semântica implícita em templates de infoboxes em artigos da Wikipedia, enquanto nossa abordagem de aprendizagem para ranking (L2EE) considera evidências semânticas derivadas do conteúdo de campos de artigos da Wikipedia para automaticamente rotular exemplos de treino proporcionalmente à efetividade observada na recuperação. Além disso, nós propomos uma abordagem auto-supervisionada para geração automática de infoboxes para artigos da Wikipedia (WAVE). Experimentos comprovam a efetividade de nossas abordagens, com ganhos significativos comparados às abordagens estado-da-arte em pseudo-relevance feedback (PRF) e PRF baseados em entidades.
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Stewart, Bryan Christopher. "Mounting human entities to control and interact with networked ship entities in a virtual environment." Thesis, Monterey, Calif. : Springfield, Va. : Naval Postgraduate School ; Available from National Technical Information Service, 1996. http://handle.dtic.mil/100.2/ADA308280.
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Schöps, Franziska, and Elin Persson. "Determinants of Voluntary Audit in Micro-Entities : A qualitative study of micro-entities in Skellefteå." Thesis, Umeå universitet, Handelshögskolan vid Umeå universitet, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-57791.
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Abstract Smaller companies have less manpower then larger companies to manage administrative tasks. EU has made it possible for member states to reduce the accounting and audit requirements for small companies and Sweden introduced the option of voluntary audit from the fiscal year of 2011 for micro-entities that do not exceed the threshold values of 3 employees, 3 MSEK turnover and 1.5 MSEK balance sheet total. The values are lower than in other countries with voluntary audit. Due to this, previous research on voluntary audit was conducted on larger companies than Swedish micro-entities. The determinant factors for voluntary audit are therefore different in these micro-entities than in SMEs. The purpose of our study is to find what the decision-makers in micro-entities perceive as their reason to retain or dismiss their auditor as it became voluntary.As a starting point, we theorize that some of the relevant factors in previous studies on voluntary audit in SMEs can also have significance for micro-entities. Furthermore, that the relationships between the auditor and client can affect the decision whether to keep the auditor or not, especially as the companies are small enough for the decision-maker to have regular contact with the auditor and the small size of Skellefteå where we conduct the interview study. Our sample is eleven micro-entities in Skellefteå, out of which three have retained their auditor and intend to keep them in the company, four who are registered with an auditor but will not have an auditor next year, three who dismissed their auditor as soon as possible and one who was started after the law came into action and had never had auditor nor accountant. The determining factor for voluntary audit is in all but one case the advice of the auditor or accountant. No other factor was found to have any effect of magnitude.Previous research in the area have found connections between factors such as debt level, firm size, separation of ownership and management, non-audit services, external demand for audited financial statements and net benefits of audit. As the micro-entities in our sample have little or no debt and no separation of ownership and management we found that these factors are irrelevant to the choice of voluntary audit in our sample. Most of the companies perceive these as factors that would be relevant in a larger company, however. It is the largest firms (by turnover) that have kept their auditor, but do not mention this as a determining factor. Almost all companies have non-audit services from the audit firm, which do not seem to affect the voluntary audit decision. Those who had or will dismiss their auditor see no additional benefits by having an auditor than by having an accountant, which is also supported by the fact that only two companies could mention any benefit with audit aside from external demands from the government or tax authority. All companies believe that there are external demands for audited financial statements, but this was not found to be a determining factor.Relationship factors such as trust, interdependence and service quality do not determine the choice for voluntary audit, but do determine if the companies asked the auditor or accountant for advice on retaining or dismissing their auditor. We found that the decision-makers in the micro-entities all asked the professional they have the best and closest relationship with if they should have voluntary audits, and as all auditors replied to continue with the audit whereas all accountants did not consider it as necessary, relationships can definitely be seen as a contributing, but not determining, factor for voluntary audit.
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Bohlin, Therese. "Regular Inference for Communication Protocol Entities." Doctoral thesis, Uppsala universitet, Avdelningen för datorteknik, 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-9559.
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A way to create well-functioning computer systems is to automate error detection in the systems. Automated techniques for finding errors, such as testing and formal verification, requires a model of the system. The technique for constructing deterministic finite automata (DFA) models, without access to the source code, is called regular inference. The technique provides sequences of input, so called membership queries, to a system, observes the responses, and infers a model from the input and responses. This thesis presents work to adapt regular inference to a certain kind of systems: communication protocol entities. Such entities interact by sending and receiving messages consisting of a message type and a number of parameters, each of which potentially can take on a large number of values. This may cause a model of a communication protocol entity inferred by regular inference, to be very large and take a long time to infer. Since regular inference creates a model from the observed behavior of a communication protocol entity, the model may be very different from a designer's model of the system's source code. This thesis presents adaptations of regular inference to infer more compact models and use less membership queries. The first contribution is a survey over three algorithms for regular inference. We present their similarities and their differences in terms of the required number of membership queries. The second contribution is an investigation on how many membership queries a common regular inference algorithm, the L* algorithm by Angluin, requires for randomly generated DFAs and randomly generated DFAs with a structure common for communication protocol entities. In comparison, the DFAs with a structure common for communication protocol entities require more membership queries. The third contribution is an adaptation of regular inference to communication protocol entities which behavior foremost are affected by the message types. The adapted algorithm avoids asking membership queries containing messages with parameter values that results in already observed responses. The fourth contribution is an approach for regular inference of communication protocol entities which communicate with messages containing parameter values from very large ranges. The approach infers compact models, and uses parameter values taken from a small portion of their ranges in membership queries. The fifth contribution is an approach to infer compact models of communication protocol entities which have a similar partitioning of an entity's behavior into control states as in a designer's model of the protocol.
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Schindler, Samuel Karl. "The imaginary entities that make science." Thesis, University of Leeds, 2008. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.491819.
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In this thesis, I investigate the role unobservables play in scientific explanations, the naturalness of explanations, and the fertility (or developmental potential) of theories. Realist accounts (in particular, the causal-mechanistic account) require unobservables to be real for them to fulfil an explanatory function in theories. Antirealist counts do not assign any particular role to unobservables and marginalise the explanatory power of theories, their naturalness, and their developmental potential as merely of pragmatic interest.
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Gatt, Albert. "Generating coherent references to multiple entities." Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 2007. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.445144.
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Despite intensive research on the Generation of Referring Expressions (GRE), many GRE algorithms either lack empirical backing, or are motivated by concerns which arguably shift their focus away from the crucial problem, which is to generate natural descriptions, much as a person would generate them in a comparable situation. This problem becomes more acute in the case of plural reference. This thesis focuses on the generation of plurals, with particular attention to the semantic heart of the problem, that is, content determination. The first part presents an in-depth theoretical and empirical evaluation of the state of the art of GRE, and makes three main contributions. The main contributions are: a) The construction of a semantically transparent corpus of singular and plural descriptions; b) An empirical investigation into reference by human authors in this corpus; and c) An evaluation study on various existing algorithms, the first to explicitly address plurals. The second part of the thesis focuses directly on plurals. It begins with a test of the similarity hypothesis on corpus data, leading to the development of a new algorithm which addresses the issues of similarity and conceptual categorisation. This work is generalised to pluralities in discourse, starting from the hypothesis that pluralities should be conceptually coherent, that is, should conceptualise entities from the same perspective. The investigation of this hypothesis, through five psycholinguistic experiments leads to an integrated framework for content determination in GRE. Among the contributions of this second part of the thesis are: a) The use of an experimental psycholinguistic methodology to test hypothesis that are relevant to generation; b) The development of a novel approach to content determination that seeks to satisfy conceptual coherence through the use of corpus-derived similarity metrics.
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Tomlinson, William Michael 1972. "Synthetic social relationships for computational entities." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/8531.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, School of Architecture and Planning, Program in Media Arts and Sciences, 2002.Includes bibliographical references (p. 179-189).
Humans and many other animals form long term social relationships with each other. These relationships confer a variety of benefits upon us, both as individuals and as groups. Computational systems that can form social relationships like those formed by animals could reap many of the benefits of sociality, both within their own groups and in their interactions with people. This dissertation explores two main questions: *What kinds of internal and external representations are necessary for computational entities to form social relationships like those formed by animals? *How can people participate in and direct the relationships of these entities? To explore these questions, I designed and implemented a system by which computational entities may form simple social relationships. In particular, these synthetic social relationships are modeled after the social behavior of the gray wolf (Canis lupus). The system comprises a novel combination of simple models of emotion, perception and learning in an emotional memory-based mechanism for social relationship formation. The system also includes supporting technologies through which people may participate in and direct the relationships. The system was presented as an interactive installation entitled AlphaWolf in the Emerging Technologies program at SIGGRAPH 2001. This installation featured a pack of six virtual wolves - three fully autonomous adults and three semi-autonomous pups whom people could direct by howling, growling, whining or barking into microphones.
(cont.) In addition to observing the interactions of several hundred SIGGRAPH participants, I performed two main evaluations of the AlphaWolf system - a 32-subject human user study and a set of simulations of resource exploitation among the virtual wolves. Results from these evaluations support the hypothesis that the AlphaWolf system enables the formation of social relationships among groups of computational entities and people, and that these relationships are beneficial to both the inter-machine interactions and the human-machine interactions in a variety of ways. This research represents one of many possible steps towards synthetic social relationships with the complexity of the relationships found in real wolves, let alone in humans. Much further work will be necessary to create entities who can fully engage us in our own social terms. The system presented here provides a basic scaffolding on which such entities may be built, including an implemented, real-time example; new ideas in directable characters and character-based interactive installations; a simple, ethologically plausible model of computational social relationships; and statistically significant support for these claims.
by William Michael Tomlinson, Jr.
Ph.D.
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Marton, Gregory A. (Gregory Adam) 1977. "Sepia : semantic parsing for named entities." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/28336.
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Thesis (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, February 2004.Includes bibliographical references (p. 123-129).
People's names, dates, locations, organizations, and various numeric expressions, collectively called Named Entities, are used to convey specific meanings to humans in the same way that identifiers and constants convey meaning to a computer language interpreter. Natural Language Question Answering can benefit from understanding the meaning of these expressions because answers in a text are often phrased differently from questions and from each other. For example, "9/11" might mean the same as "September 11th" and "Mayor Rudy Giuliani" might be the same person as "Rudolph Giuliani". Sepia, the system presented here, uses a lexicon of lambda expressions and a mildly context-sensitive parser to create a data structure for each named entity. The parser and grammar design are inspired by Combinatory Categorial Grammar. The data structures are designed to capture semantic dependencies using common syntactic forms. Sepia differs from other natural language parsers in that it does not use a pipeline architecture. As yet there is no statistical component in the architecture. To evaluate Sepia, I use examples tp illustrate its qualitative differences from other named entity systems, I measure component performance on Automatic Content Extraction (ACE) competition held-out training data. and I assess end-to-end performance in the Infolab's TREC-12 Question Answering competition entry. Sepia will compete in the ACE Entity Detection and Tracking track at the end of September.
by Gregory A. Marton.
S.M.
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Durrett, Gregory Christopher. "Identifying and Resolving Entities in Text." Thesis, University of California, Berkeley, 2017. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10192292.
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When automated systems attempt to deal with unstructured text, a key subproblem is identifying the relevant actors in that text---answering the "who" of the narrative being presented. This thesis is concerned with developing tools to solve this NLP subproblem, which we call entity analysis. We focus on two tasks in particular: first, coreference resolution, which consists of within-document identification of entities, and second, entity linking, which involves identifying each of those entities with an entry in a knowledge base like Wikipedia. One of the challenges of coreference is that it requires dealing with many different linguistic phenomenon: constraints in reference resolution arise from syntax, semantics, discourse, and pragmatics. This diversity of effects to handle makes it difficult to build effective learning-based coreference resolution systems rather than relying on handcrafted features. We show that a set of simple features inspecting surface lexical properties of a document is sufficient to capture a range of these effects, and that these can power an efficient, high-performing coreference system. Our analysis of our base coreference system shows that some examples can only be resolved successfully by exploiting world knowledge or deeper knowledge of semantics. Therefore, we turn to the task of entity linking and tackle it not in isolation, but instead jointly with coreference. By doing so, our coreference module can draw upon knowledge from a resource like Wikipedia, and our entity linking module can draw on information from multiple mentions of the entity we are attempting to resolve. Our joint model of these tasks, which additionally models semantic types of entities, gives strong performance across the board and shows that effectively exploiting these interactions is a natural way to build better NLP systems. Having developed these tools, we show that they can be useful for a downstream NLP task, namely automatic summarization. We develop an extractive and compressive automatic summarization system, and argue that one deficiency it has is its inability to use pronouns coherently in generated summaries, as we may have deleted content that contained a pronoun's antecedent. Our entity analysis machinery allows us to place constraints on summarization that guarantee pronoun interpretability: each pronoun must have a valid antecedent included in the summary or it must be expanded into a reference that makes sense in isolation. We see improvements in our system's ability to produce summaries with coherent pronouns, which suggests that deeper integration of various parts of the NLP stack promises to yield better systems for text understanding.
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Li, Tianqi. "Efficient Algorithms to Compute Topological Entities." The Ohio State University, 2021. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1608256383277208.
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Tran, Hung Viet. "Discovering entities' behavior through mining Twitter." Diss., University of Iowa, 2012. https://ir.uiowa.edu/etd/3545.
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The unprecedented amount of user generated content from emerging social media platforms like Facebook and Twitter make them invaluable sources of information for research. Twitter in particular has about 500 million registered accounts globally who are generating approximately 340 million messages daily containing personal updates, general life observations, opinions, moods, etc. Twitter's vast amount of data, which is generally available, offers an ideal source for mining entities' behaviors. This thesis explores two research streams involving mining Twitter data. In the first work, we seek to understand the Twitter-based stakeholder communication strategies of firms. We analyze tweets posted by firms to build a system that can automatically predict target stakeholder groups of a given tweet. We also examine and incorporate firm characteristics into the system for performance improvement. The result will potentially provide valuable business intelligence to market analysts who would like to discover social media strategies and behaviors of firms. In the second work, we investigate how readers from different parts of the world react to news headlines through their Twitter messages. We design a framework for data collection, statistical analysis, sentiment analysis, and language model comparison to understand the interests and reactions of Twitter users towards news headlines. The results from this work can possibly help news organizations have better understanding of their audience for better services. Though the two research directions may seem distinct, there are points of connection. In both cases, we are interested in the impact of companies (firms and news organizations). Moreover the methods used are similar. Our results illustrate that just by gathering Twitter data stream and developing a framework to examine them, we are able to discover many interesting insights about news readers and firms.
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Dijxhoorn, Ernst. "International criminal justice, quasi-state entities and legitimacy : the impact of international criminal justice on quasi-state entities." Thesis, King's College London (University of London), 2014. https://kclpure.kcl.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/international-criminal-justice-quasistate-entities-and-legitimacy(64a3160c-8c50-4f1f-a691-1cccc68ae56d).html.
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International criminal justice can have intended and unintended impact on the legitimacy of quasi-state entities (QSEs). ‘Quasi-state entity’ is a novel concept introduced to distinguish actors in statehood conflicts that aspire to statehood, fulfil statehood functions to a greater or lesser degree, including, notably, the capacity and willingness to employ organised, restrained coercive violence, but which lack the status of sovereign statehood. QSEs overlap with, but are importantly and conceptually distinct from, nationalist movements, de facto states and rebels or insurgents. Legitimacy is a prerequisite for success, both for QSEs and for state entities. The legitimacy of an entity, its institutions and actions, in a certain constituency, at a certain moment, is difficult to ascertain, in its positive form. Legitimacy is best gauged by its actual or potential absence, at moments where an entity faces legitimacy crises, and where impact can be gauged through empirical observation of behaviour and in changing narratives and counter-narratives of legitimacy. International criminal procedures present direct legitimacy challenges for QSEs and (or) their adversaries. Legitimacy crises reveal both intended and unintended effects of international criminal justice on the legitimacy – and, so, the success, of QSEs.
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Dijxhoorn, Ernst Edward Alexander. "International criminal justice, quasi-state entities and legitimacy : the impact of international criminal justice on quasi-state entities." Thesis, King's College London (University of London), 2014. http://kclpure.kcl.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/international-criminal-justice-quasistate-entities-and-legitimacy(90132a7c-2fcb-4f16-a863-db536c6efe42).html.
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International criminal justice can have intended and unintended impact on the legitimacy of quasi-state entities (QSEs). ‘Quasi-state entity’ is a novel concept introduced to distinguish actors in statehood conflicts that aspire to statehood, fulfil statehood functions to a greater or lesser degree, including, notably, the capacity and willingness to employ organised, restrained coercive violence, but which lack the status of sovereign statehood. QSEs overlap with, but are importantly and conceptually distinct from, nationalist movements, de facto states and rebels or insurgents. Legitimacy is a prerequisite for success, both for QSEs and for state entities. The legitimacy of an entity, its institutions and actions, in a certain constituency, at a certain moment, is difficult to ascertain, in its positive form. Legitimacy is best gauged by its actual or potential absence, at moments where an entity faces legitimacy crises, and where impact can be gauged through empirical observation of behaviour and in changing narratives and counter-narratives of legitimacy. International criminal procedures present direct legitimacy challenges for QSEs and (or) their adversaries. Legitimacy crises reveal both intended and unintended effects of international criminal justice on the legitimacy – and, so, the success, of QSEs.
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Morris, Harold Campbell. "Typogenetics : a logic of artificial propagating entities." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/41447.
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This thesis deals with abstract models of propagation
(especially, self—replication). As some of these reflector
borrow from nature, a summary of biology's current
understanding of natural reproduction (mitosis) is provided
for background. However, the predominant concern is with
entities realized in uninterpreted symbolic systems, and
associated philosophical and design problems. Thus the
comparison that is made between artificial and natural modes
of propagation is intended primarily to enhance conception
of the former.
Automata constitute one type of formal model. With a
simple Turing Table the concept of a self-replicating string
is illustrated. The idea of a logical universe in which
propagating "virtual" entities emerge and interact is
explored with reference to cellular automata.
A formal system called Typogenetics provides the
centerpiece of this thesis. The system, first presented in an
incomplete form in Hofstadter (1979), is here fully
developed (augmented with a useful program for personal
computers). A Typogenetics string ("strand," in
analogy to a DNA strand) codes for operations that act to transform that very strand into descendant strands.
Typogenetics strands exhibited include, among others, a
pallindromc self-replicator coding for operations sufficient
to replicate itself; a "self-perpetuator" deforming and then
reforming itself through fully compensatory operations; and
an "infinitely fertile" strand bearing an infinitude of
unique descendants.
Meta-logical proofs establish certain general
propositions about the Typogenetics system, e.g. that for
every strand there is a mother strand. Redactio reasoning, of
potential general is ability beyond Typogenetics, shows how a
hypothetical strand can be ruled out by establishing the
incommensurability of its two identities qua packet of
operations and qua operand.
A Russellian—type paradoxical strand that has all and
only the non—self-replicating strands for offspring is
considered (is it a self—replicator?), spurring discussion of
the Theory of Types and Hofstadter's "strange loops."Arts, Faculty of
Philosophy, Department of
Graduate
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Giliana, Tefo Godfrey. "The profitability of commercial state-owned entities." Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/15633.
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The importance of State-owned entities (SOEs) in a developing State has been argued for centuries. SOEs are perceived as the tool that the State can successfully use to implement its developmental agenda. In the Republic of South Africa, SOEs have been used to ensure universal access to electricity, water and logistical infrastructure to support industrial development, as well as basic service delivery. These entities have been expected to fund these initiatives from their own funds, which alleviated the need for commercial SOEs (also known as State-owned companies) to be profitable without continuous financial injections from the RSA government. Generally, commercial SOEs have been performing poorly financially. This research study aims to determine whether political influence might affect the profitability of these commercial SOEs. The poor financial performance plaguing the commercial SOEs hinders their ability to effectively contribute as a collective to the developmental agenda of the State, as espoused in the current strategic plan of the RSA in the form of the National Development Plan (NDP). Due to the poor financial performance and subsequent diversion of financial resources from other national priorities for their bail-out, commercial SOEs have been considered a liability rather than an asset to the RSA. To satisfy the primary and associated research objectives, qualitative primary and secondary research data have been collected. The primary data have been collected by using the semi-structured interview from the CFOs of commercial SOEs from various government departments – given their proximity to the financial performance and the drivers of this performance in commercial SOEs. CFOs are also part of the commercial SOEs senior-executive management of these entities. The general opinion of the participants and the literature review of the research study is that, indeed, political influence has had an adverse effect on the profitability of commercial SOEs, among others, as a consequence of the positioning of SOEs within the governance system of the RSA, the impact of the recruitment process for senior executives and the implications of an unfunded mandate. It is clear that in the RSA, commercial SOEs, and SOEs in general, will continue to play a pivotal role in the implementation of the developmental agendas of the State, as expressed in the NDP. With the RSA government expecting commercial SOEs to fund these activities from their own funds, it is critical that the State should be an enabler rather than a hindrance for commercial SOEs‟ profitability.
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Svirydzenka, Nadzeya. "Perceiving Groups as Entities : A Developmental Perspective." Thesis, University of Dundee, 2009. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.521671.
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Barnett, Sylvia. "What sorts of entities does grounding relate?" Thesis, University of Manchester, 2018. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/what-sorts-of-entities-does-grounding-relate(32136295-522d-440f-84f0-3322a78e446b).html.
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The topics of Grounding and Metaphysical Explanation have been at the forefront of research and debate within metaphysics for the last decade. Grounding is commonly taken to be a relation of non-causal dependence. In this thesis I address the pertinent question as to what sorts of entities are related in instances of grounding. There has so far been little enquiry into this issue, and it therefore requires urgent attention. I argue here that the entities involved in grounding are facts, where facts are true Fregean propositions. True Fregean propositions are abstract entities composed of senses, and are individuated according the senses which they involve. I proceed by setting out some desiderata which the entities involved in grounding will fulfil. Firstly, they will be individuated sufficiently finely as to provide instances of grounding to back all putative cases of non-causal explanation. Secondly, they will ensure that there is unity between instances of grounding and instances of causation. Finally, they will be mind- independent. I survey different types of entity and show that true Fregean propositions are best-equipped to fulfil these desiderata. We therefore have reason to believe that grounding relates facts, so understood. The conclusion of this thesis therefore makes it incumbent upon us to extend our ontology to include true Fregean propositions.
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Lin, Justin 1979. "Personal Location Agents for Communicating Entities (PLACE)." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/87268.
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Alet, Ferran (Alet I. Puig). "Finding important entities in continuous streaming data." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/118027.
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Thesis: S.M., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, 2018.Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 65-67).
In many applications that involve processing high-dimensional data, it is important to identify a small set of entities that account for a significant fraction of detections. Rather than formalize this as a clustering problem, in which all detections must be grouped into hard or soft categories, we formalize it as an instance of the frequent items or heavy hitters problem, which finds groups of tightly clustered objects that have a high density in the feature space. We show that the heavy hitters formulation generates solutions that are more accurate and effective than the clustering formulation. In addition, we present a novel online algorithm for heavy hitters, called HAC, which addresses problems in continuous space, and demonstrate its effectiveness on real video and household domains.
by Ferran Alet.
S.M.
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Paverd, Andrew James. "Enhancing communication privacy using trustworthy remote entities." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2015. https://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:66ce7364-9562-4441-957a-a940e4a50784.
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Communication privacy is the property of a communication system that enables two or more distrusting participants to exchange information without compromising their privacy, with respect to internal and external adversaries. It encompasses aspects of anonymous communication as well as data privacy. A real-world example of the need for communication privacy is the smart energy grid, in which networked smart meters frequently measure energy consumption and communicate with grid operators. Privacy concerns arise from the possible inference of sensitive information from these measurements. Using smart grid communication privacy as a case study, this thesis introduces the concept of the Trustworthy Remote Entity (TRE). The TRE is an intermediary between distrusting participants that performs privacy-enhancing computations on the exchanged information. Unlike cryptographic secure multiparty computation protocols, this approach does not increase participants' computational or communication complexity. In contrast to a trusted third party, this trustworthy entity uses trusted computing and remote attestation to establish attestation-based trust relationships. As a single-function system, the TRE requires only a minimal software Trusted Computing Base, thus minimizing its attack surface and making it an ideal candidate for security audits. Two research hypotheses are investigated: firstly that the TRE can be realized and used to enhance consumers' privacy in the smart grid, and secondly that the TRE concept can be formalized and used in other application domains. This thesis confirms both hypotheses and, in doing so, presents five main contributions. Firstly, it proposes a new methodology for modelling and analysing communication privacy terms of unlinkability and undetectability, which is implemented in the CSP process algebra and used to enhance the Casper/FDR analysis tool. Secondly, it presents and analyses a new TRE-based smart grid communication architecture. Thirdly, it compares different TRE system architectures and evaluates a fully functional TRE prototype. Fourthly, it defines a new highly-scalable remote attestation protocol for establishing the TRE's trustworthiness. Finally, it formalizes the fundamental characteristics of the TRE concept and demonstrates how the TRE can be used to enhance communication privacy in location-based services and wireless network roaming.
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Baghdasaryan, Mikayel. "External Relations of Entities with Limited Recognition." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2014. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-194681.
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Numerous renowned scholars have researched the problem of state recognition. Moreover, the importance of this issue does not need a particular presentation. This paper, will attempt to take yet another look on the subject of state recognition. It will define a state as an actor of international relations. It also will present a theoretical background to the issue of recognition of the states, as it has evolved from the beginning of the past century. By maintaining a descriptive type of qualitative research strategy, followed by normative approach the paper will give a complete overview in terms of theory, but also the practical challenges of obtaining recognition and conducting external relations as an unrecognized state. As a case study, the work will discuss the external relations of Republic of China, Republic of Kosovo and Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus. The main purpose of this work is to discuss the challenges for unrecognized states and the impact of recognition status on the populations of unrecognized states. The work finds that lack of state recognition makes it almost impossible, for the respective actors, the participation in intergovernmental organizations, which is likely to have a direct impact on the people of the de facto states.
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Armour, Quintin. "The role of named entities in text classification." Thesis, University of Ottawa (Canada), 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/26840.
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Named entities, typically associated with names of people, places and organizations, constitute a group of textual elements present in almost any type of document. The general techniques used to extract them and their variable-length property also makes them an attractive type of attribute to study in text classification. In this thesis, several datasets are characterized as being either dependent or independent of named entities with a Naive Bayes based ranking technique. Using this characterization, results are presented which find named entities to be in fact useful in classification tasks, and that accuracy can be improved by considering them as a special type of attribute. Namely, the inclusion of regular terms, named entity representation and the frequency with which a classifier is retrained all have an impact on the classification of documents where named entities are important.
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Park, Man-Woo. "Automated 3D vision-based tracking of construction entities." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/45782.
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In construction sites, tracking project-related entities such as construction equipment, materials, and personnel provides useful information for productivity measurement, progress monitoring, on-site safety enhancement, and activity sequence analysis. Radio frequency technologies such as Global Positioning Systems (GPS), Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) and Ultra Wide Band (UWB) are commonly used for this purpose. However, on large-scale congested sites, deploying, maintaining and removing such systems can be costly and time-consuming because radio frequency technologies require tagging each entity to track. In addition, privacy issues can arise from tagging construction workers, which often limits the usability of these technologies on construction sites. A vision-based approach that can track moving objects in camera views can resolve these problems.
The purpose of this research is to investigate the vision-based tracking system that holds promise to overcome the limitations of existing radio frequency technologies for large-scale, congested sites. The proposed method use videos from static cameras. Stereo camera system is employed for tracking of construction entities in 3D. Once the cameras are fixed on the site, intrinsic and extrinsic camera parameters are discovered through camera calibration. The method automatically detects and tracks interested objects such as workers and equipment in each camera view, which generates 2D pixel coordinates of tracked objects. The 2D pixel coordinates are converted to 3D real-world coordinates based on calibration. The method proposed in this research was implemented in .NET Framework 4.0 environment, and tested on the real videos of construction sites. The test results indicated that the methods could locate construction entities with accuracy comparable to GPS.
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Pappas, Vangelis. "Aristotle on the metaphysical status of mathematical entities." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2019. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/290080.
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The purpose of this dissertation is to provide an account of the metaphysical status of mathematical entities in Aristotle. Aristotle endorses a form of realism about mathematical entities: for him as well as for Platonists, anti-realism, the view that mathematical objects do not exist, is not a viable option. The thesis consists of two main parts: a part dedicated to the objects of geometry, and a part dedicated to numbers. Furthermore, I have included an introductory chapter about a passage in the second chapter of Book B of the Physics (193b31- 194a7) where Aristotle endorses a form of naïve realism with regard to mathematical entities. Many of the passages that give us an insight into Aristotle's philosophy of mathematics are to be found in the third chapter of Book M of the Metaphysics. Aristotle's primary concern there, however, is not so much to present his own positive account as to provide answers to a series of (not so obvious) Platonic arguments. In the second chapter of my thesis, I discuss some of those arguments and highlight their role in Aristotle's own position about the metaphysical status of geometrical entities. In a passage that is of crucial importance to understand Aristotle's views regarding the mode of existence of the objects of mathematics (Meta. M.3, 1078a25-31), Aristotle allows for the potential existence of them. I argue that Aristotle's sketchy remarks in Meta. M.3 point towards a geometry based on the commonsensical notion of the solid. This account can be further developed if we take into consideration the purpose of the preceding chapter M.2: to refute Platonic arguments that attribute greater metaphysical status to 'limit entities' (entities bounding and within a physical body), that is, to points, lines, and surfaces. According to Aristotle, such 'limit entities' have only a potential existence-what does this claim amount to? To answer this question, I will explore a more traditional reading of this claim and I will also put forward a more radical one: from a contemporary perspective, this reading makes Aristotelian geometry a distant cousin of modern Whiteheadian or Tarskian geometries. Providing an account of the metaphysical status of number in Aristotle poses quite a few challenges. On the one hand, the scarcity of the evidence forces commentators to rely on a few scattered remarks (primarily from the Physics) and to extract Aristotle's own views from heavily polemical contexts (such as the convoluted arguments that occupy much of books M and N of the Metaphysics). On the other hand, the Fregean tradition casts a great shadow upon the majority of the interpretations; indeed, a great amount of the relevant scholarship is dominated by Fregean tendencies: it is, for example, widely held that numbers for Aristotle are not supposed to be properties of objects, much like colour, say, or shape, but second-order properties (properties-of-properties) of objects. The scope of the third chapter is to critically examine some of the Fregean-inspired arguments that have led to a thoroughly Fregean depiction of Aristotle, and to lay the foundations for an alternative reading of the crucial texts.
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Serra, Simone. "Background annotation of entities in Linked Data vocabularies." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2012. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-162758.
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One the key feature behind Linked Data is the use of vocabularies that allow datasets to share a common language to describe similar concepts and relationships and resolve ambiguities between them. The development of vocabularies is often driven by a consensus process among datasets implementers, in which the criterion of interoperability is considered to be sufficient. This can lead to misrepresentation of real-world entities in Linked Data vocabularies entities. Such drawbacks can be fixed by the use of a formal methodology for modelling Linked Data vocabularies entities and identifying ontological distinctions. One proven example is the OntoClean methodology for curing taxonomies. In this work, it is presented a software tool that implements the PURO approach to ontological distinction modelling. PURO models vocabularies as Ontological Foreground Models (OFM), and the structure of ontological distinctions as Ontological Background Models (OBM), constructed using meta-properties attached to vocabulary entities, in a process known as vocabulary annotation. The software tool, named Background Annotation plugin, written in Java and integrated in the Protégé ontology editor, enables a user to graphically annotate vocabulary entities through an annotation workflow, that implements, among other things, persistency of annotations and their retrieval. Two kinds of workflows are supported: generic and dataset-specific, in order to differentiate a vocabulary usage, in terms of a PURO OBM, with respect to a given Linked Data dataset. The workflow is enhanced by the use of dataset statistical indicators retrieved through the Sindice service, for a sample of chosen datasets, such as the number of entities present in a dataset, and the relative frequency of vocabulary entities in that dataset. A further enhancement is provided by dataset summaries that offer an overview of the most common entity-property paths found in a dataset. Foreseen utilisation of the Background Annotation plugin include: 1) the checking of mapping agreement between different datasets, as produced by the R2R framework and 2) annotation of dependent resources in Concise Boundaries Descriptions of entities, used in data sampling from Linked Data datasets for data mining purposes.
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Pongsajapan, Robert. "Liminal entities identity, governance, and organizations in Twitter /." Connect to Electronic Thesis (CONTENTdm), 2009. http://worldcat.org/oclc/457179054/viewonline.
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