Relevant bibliographies by topics / Enteroviru

Academic literature on the topic 'Enteroviru'

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Published: 9 March 2023
Last updated: 10 March 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Enteroviru"

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Novikov, D. V., and D. A. Melentev. "Enteroviral (Picornaviridae: Enterovirus) (nonpolio) vaccines." Problems of Virology 67, no. 3 (July 13, 2022): 185–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.36233/0507-4088-111.

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Non-polio enteroviruses (NPEVs) are ubiquitous and are one of the main causative agents of viral infections in children. NPEVs most commonly infect newborns and young children, due to their lack of antibodies. In children, clinical manifestations can range from acute febrile illness to severe complications that require hospitalization and lead in some cases to disability or death. NPEV infections can have severe consequences, such as polio-like diseases, serous meningitis, meningoencephalitis, myocarditis, etc. The most promising strategy for preventing such diseases is vaccination. No less than 53 types of NPEVs have been found to circulate in Russia. However, of epidemic importance are the causative agents of exanthemic forms of the disease, aseptic meningitis and myocarditis. At the same time, the frequency of NPEV detection in the constituent entities of the Russian Federation is characterized by uneven distribution and seasonal upsurges. The review discusses the epidemic significance of different types of enteroviruses, including those relevant to the Russian Federation, as well as current technologies used to create enterovirus vaccines for the prevention of serious diseases.
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Kreuter, Justin D., Arti Barnes, James E. McCarthy, Joseph D. Schwartzman, M. Steven Oberste, C. Harker Rhodes, John F. Modlin, and Peter F. Wright. "A Fatal Central Nervous System Enterovirus 68 Infection." Archives of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine 135, no. 6 (June 1, 2011): 793–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.5858/2010-0174-cr.1.

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Abstract The anticipated eradication of poliovirus emphasizes the need to identify other enteroviral causes of severe central nervous system disease. Enterovirus 68 has been implicated only in cases of respiratory illness. We therefore report a case of fatal meningomyeloencephalitis caused by enterovirus 68 in a 5-year-old boy, which required neuropathology, microbiology, and molecular techniques to diagnose.
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Schlesinger, Yechiel, Mark H. Sawyer, and Gregory A. Storch. "Enteroviral Meningitis in Infancy: Potential Role for Polymerase Chain Reaction in Patient Management." Pediatrics 94, no. 2 (August 1, 1994): 157–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1542/peds.94.2.157.

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Study objective. To evaluate the performance characteristics and potential clinical utility of a polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay for enteroviral RNA in comparison to viral culture in infants under 3 months of age with meningitis. Specimens and testing. Specimens were obtained from a collection of cerebrospinal fluid specimens from infants under 3 months of age (excluding those in the neonatal intensive care unit) undergoing lumbar puncture at St. Louis Children's Hospital during a 12-month period. Those tested by PCR included all 27 with pleocytosis, 8 others from infants without pleocytosis but from whom an enterovirus was cultured, and 10 from infants who did not have pleocytosis and had a negative viral culture of cerebrospinal fluid. Viral cultures were performed at the discretion of physicians caring for individual patients. Results. PCR was positive for enteroviral RNA on cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) specimens from 11 of 12 patients with definite or probable enteroviral meningitis, as well as on 6 of 13 with possible enteroviral meningitis, and was negative on all 10 with absence of pleocytosis and negative enteroviral cultures. CSF viral cultures were negative in 6 of the patients in whom PCR was positive. Viral cultures had minimal impact on patient management. In contrast, under study assumptions, PCR could have saved an average of 1.2 days of hospitalization per patient in the 27 patients with CSF pleocytosis. Conclusions. Enterovirus PCR performed on CSF is a sensitive and specific method for the diagnosis of enteroviral meningitis. This method has the potential for improving the accuracy of diagnosis in young infants and for saving costs by allowing earlier diagnosis and discharge from the hospital when clinically appropriate.
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Huang, Ya-Ling, Sheng-Wen Huang, Chun-Yu Shen, Dayna Cheng, and Jen-Ren Wang. "Conserved Residues Adjacent to ß-Barrel and Loop Intersection among Enterovirus VP1 Affect Viral Replication: Potential Target for Anti-Enteroviral Development." Viruses 14, no. 2 (February 10, 2022): 364. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/v14020364.

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Enterovirus genus has over one hundred genotypes and could cause several kinds of severe animal and human diseases. Understanding the role of conserved residues in the VP1 capsid protein among the enterovirus genus may lead to anti-enteroviral drug development. The highly conserved residues were found to be located at the loop and ß-barrel intersections. To elucidate the role of these VP1 residues among the enterovirus genus, alanine substitution reverse genetics (rg) variants were generated, and virus properties were investigated for their impact. Six highly conserved residues were identified as located near the inside of the canyon, and four of them were close to the ß-barrel and loop intersection. The variants rgVP1-R86A, rgVP1-P193A, rgVP1-G231A, and rgVP1-K256A were unable to be obtained, which may be due to disruption in the virus replication process. In contrast, rgVP1-E134A and rgVP1-P157A replicated well and rgVP1-P157A showed smaller plaque size, lower viral growth kinetics, and thermal instability at 39.5°C when compared to the rg wild type virus. These findings showed that the conserved residues located at the ß-barrel and loop junction play roles in modulating viral replication, which may provide a pivotal role for pan-enteroviral inhibitor candidate.
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Ianevski, Aleksandr, Eva Zusinaite, Tanel Tenson, Valentyn Oksenych, Wei Wang, Jan Egil Afset, Magnar Bjørås, and Denis E. Kainov. "Novel Synergistic Anti-Enteroviral Drug Combinations." Viruses 14, no. 9 (August 25, 2022): 1866. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/v14091866.

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Background: Enterovirus infections affect people around the world, causing a range of illnesses, from mild fevers to severe, potentially fatal conditions. There are no approved treatments for enterovirus infections. Methods: We have tested our library of broad-spectrum antiviral agents (BSAs) against echovirus 1 (EV1) in human adenocarcinoma alveolar basal epithelial A549 cells. We also tested combinations of the most active compounds against EV1 in A549 and human immortalized retinal pigment epithelium RPE cells. Results: We confirmed anti-enteroviral activities of pleconaril, rupintrivir, cycloheximide, vemurafenib, remdesivir, emetine, and anisomycin and identified novel synergistic rupintrivir–vemurafenib, vemurafenib–pleconaril and rupintrivir–pleconaril combinations against EV1 infection. Conclusions: Because rupintrivir, vemurafenib, and pleconaril require lower concentrations to inhibit enterovirus replication in vitro when combined, their cocktails may have fewer side effects in vivo and, therefore, should be further explored in preclinical and clinical trials against EV1 and other enterovirus infections.
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Kanaeva, O. I. "ENTEROVIRUS INFECTION: VARIETY OF ETIOLOGICAL FACTORS AND CLINICAL MANIFESTATIONS." Russian Journal of Infection and Immunity 4, no. 1 (July 9, 2014): 27–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.15789/2220-7619-2014-1-.

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Abstract. Enteroviruses are widely distributed human infectious pathogens. In spite of infection a disease does not manifest in majority number of cases. However, in some infected persons the different kind of symptoms can be observed; from common cold signs up to aseptic (serous) meningitis and myocarditis. Severe enteroviral cases with lethal outcomes are rarely reported. Ability of enteroviruses to cause large outbreaks and even epidemic distribution is very significant for health care systems. Taking in account a high genetic diversity of enteroviruses it is possible appearance of new highly pathogenic strains in the future. In some countries including the Russian Federation the permanent surveillance for enteroviral infections is provided besides of WHO polio elimination program. The laboratory diagnostics of enterovirus infections is complicated by numerous of pathogen serotypes. Thus, classical virological methods should be supported by molecular-biological tools to sequence pathogen genome and to define phylogenetic relations between different enterovirus strains.
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van Vliet, K. E., M. Glimåker, P. Lebon, P. E. Klapper, C. E. Taylor, M. Ciardi, H. G. A. M. van der Avoort, et al. "Multicenter Evaluation of the Amplicor Enterovirus PCR Test with Cerebrospinal Fluid from Patients with Aseptic Meningitis." Journal of Clinical Microbiology 36, no. 9 (1998): 2652–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jcm.36.9.2652-2657.1998.

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The Amplicor Enterovirus PCR test was compared with viral culture for the detection of enteroviruses in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) specimens. In a multicenter study in which nine laboratories participated, a total of 476 CSF specimens were collected from patients with suspected aseptic meningitis. Sixty-eight samples were positive by PCR (14.4%), whereas 49 samples were positive by culture (10.4%), demonstrating that the Amplicor Enterovirus PCR test was significantly more sensitive than culture (P < 0.001). After discrepancy analysis the sensitivity and specificity of the Amplicor Enterovirus PCR test obtained by using viral culture as the “gold standard” were 85.7 and 93.9%, respectively. Our results with the CSF specimens collected in different countries demonstrate that the Amplicor test is capable of detecting a large variety of enterovirus serotypes and epidemiologically unrelated isolates in CSF specimens from patients with aseptic meningitis. The Amplicor Enterovirus PCR test is a rapid assay which can be routinely performed with CSF samples and is an important improvement for the rapid diagnosis of enteroviral meningitis.
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Gregory, Jason B., R. Wayne Litaker, and Rachel T. Noble. "Rapid One-Step Quantitative Reverse Transcriptase PCR Assay with Competitive Internal Positive Control for Detection of Enteroviruses in Environmental Samples." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 72, no. 6 (June 2006): 3960–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.02291-05.

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ABSTRACT Human enteroviruses can serve as a more accurate indicator of human fecal contamination than conventional bacteriological fecal indicators. We describe here a quantitative reverse transcriptase PCR (qRT-PCR) assay specifically tailored to detect these viruses in environmental waters. The assay included a competitive internal positive control (CIPC) that allowed the inhibition of qRT-PCRs to be quantitatively assessed. Coamplification of the CIPC with enteroviral genetic material did not affect the sensitivity, specificity, or reproducibility of the enteroviral qRT-PCR assay. The assay is rapid (less than 5 h from sample to result), has a wide dynamic range (>3 logs), and is capable of detecting as few as 25 enteroviral genomes with an average amplification efficiency of 0.91. In samples with low or moderate inhibition, the delay in CIPC amplification was used to adjust enterovirus qRT-PCR concentrations to account for losses due to inhibition. Samples exhibiting significant inhibition were not corrected but instead diluted twofold and immediately assayed again. Using significantly inhibited samples, it was found that dilution relieved inhibition in 93% (25 of 27) of the samples. In addition, 15% (4 of 27) of these previously negative samples contained enteroviral genomes. The high-throughput format of the assay compared to conventional culture-based methods offers a fast, reliable, and specific method for detecting enteroviruses in environmental water samples. The ability of the assay to identify false negatives and provide improved quantitative assessments of enterovirus concentrations will facilitate the tracking of human fecal contamination and the assessment of potential public health risk due to enteroviruses in recreational and shellfish harvesting waters.
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McArdle, A., F. McArdle, M. J. Jackson, S. F. Page, I. Fahal, and R. H. T. Edwards. "Investigation by Polymerase Chain Reaction of Enteroviral Infection in Patients with Chronic Fatigue Syndrome." Clinical Science 90, no. 4 (April 1, 1996): 295–300. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/cs0900295.

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1. Chronic fatigue syndrome is characterized by muscle fatigue and pain at rest, symptoms which are usually exacerbated with exercise. Although various studies have shown minor, non-specific morphological and biochemical changes in muscle of patients with chronic fatigue syndrome, no consistent defect has been identified. Some have suggested that an enteroviral infection in muscle may cause the chronic muscle fatigue seen in patients with chronic fatigue syndrome, with acute infection directly and irreversibly impairing mitochondrial function, and persistent infection depressing muscle protein synthesis and metabolism. 2. To clarify the involvement of enterovirus infection in chronic fatigue syndrome, muscle biopsies from a group of patients with chronic fatigue syndrome were examined for the presence of enteroviral RNA by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction techniques in relation to functional studies of muscle mitochondria and the muscle RNA/DNA ratio. 3. Fifty-eight percent of patients reported an uncharacterized ‘viral infection’ before the onset of their illness, but none of the muscle samples from 34 patients contained detectable amounts of enteroviral RNA. Muscle tissue had a general reduction in the RNA/DNA ratio and mitochondrial enzyme activities with no specific abnormality in the activity of enzymes encoded partially on the mitochondrial genome (cytochrome-c oxidase) or nuclear genome (citrate synthase, succinate reductase). 4. These data provide no evidence of an enteroviral infection in muscle of patients with chronic fatigue syndrome, although this does not exclude a role of enterovirus in initiating the disease process. The general reduction in RNA/DNA ratio and mitochondrial enzyme activities is consistent with a general reduction in habitual activity.
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Alimov, A. V., E. P. Igonina, I. V. Feldblyum, V. I. Chalapa, and Yu A. Zakharova. "Current status of healthcare-associated enteroviral (non-polio) infections." Russian Journal of Infection and Immunity 10, no. 3 (August 7, 2020): 486–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.15789/10.15789/2220-7619-csf-1161.

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Here we present the data on foreign research publications describing healthcare-associated enteroviral (nonpolio) infections (HAI) sought in the Worldwide Database for Nosocomial Outbreaks (Institut für Hygiene und Umweltmedizin, Universitȁtmedizincomplex “Charite”, Germany) as well as PubMed search engine (The United States National Library), covering 1936–2017 timeframe. The publications retrieved contained the data on 28 nosocomial outbreaks caused by Enterovirus A (EV-A71), В (Echoviruses 11, 17, 18, 30, 31, 33, Coxsackie viruses А9, В2, В5) and D (EV-D68). It was discovered that the majority of the nosocomial enteroviral (non-polio) outbreaks occurred in obstetric hospitals and neonatal units so that children were mainly maternally infected. In addition, a case associated with intrauterine infection was described. It was shown that outbreaks might be started by an infected child at the incubation period. Single publications reported nosocomial outbreaks in geriatric hospitals. Generally, nosocomial enteroviral (non-polio) outbreaks were characterized by polymorphic clinical picture caused by any certain pathogen serotype and within a single site of the infection. Few lethal outcomes were recorded. Enterovirus B species dominated among identified etiological agents. Violated hospital hygiene and infection control contributing to spread of infection were among those found in neonatal units: putting used diapers out on baby bed prior disposal, sharing bathtub, toys and household objects as well as poor hand hygiene in medical workers. One of the measures recommended to improve diagnostics of enteroviral (non-polio) infections was virology screening of children with suspected sepsis in case of unidentified etiology. It was established that etiological decoding of nosocomial outbreaks was impossible without applying pathogen-specific diagnostic tools, mainly nested RT-PCR and direct sequencing of followed by subsequent phylogenetic analysis.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Enteroviru"

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Reetoo, Kumari Nundita. "Enterovirus persistence : a study of enteroviral RNA kinetics in the murine heart." Thesis, King's College London (University of London), 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.271339.

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Phuektes, Patchara. "Development of a reverse genetic system for human enterovirus 71 (HEV71) and the molecular basis of its growth phenotype and adaptation to mice." Thesis, Phuektes, Patchara (2009) Development of a reverse genetic system for human enterovirus 71 (HEV71) and the molecular basis of its growth phenotype and adaptation to mice. PhD thesis, Murdoch University, 2009. https://researchrepository.murdoch.edu.au/id/eprint/1306/.

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Human enterovirus 71 (HEV71) is a member of the Human Enterovirus A species within the Family Picornaviridae. Since 1997, HEV71 has emerged as a major cause of epidemics of hand, foot and mouth disease (HFMD) associated with severe neurological disease in the Asia-Pacific region. At the present time, little is known about the pathogenesis of acute neurological disease caused by HEV71. The major aim of this study was to generate infectious cDNA clones of HEV71 and use them as tools for investigating the biology of HEV71 and molecular genetics of HEV71 virulence and pathogenesis. Two infectious cDNA clones of HEV71 clinical isolates, 26M (genotype B3) and 6F (genotype C2) were successfully constructed using a low copy number plasmid vector and an appropriate bacterial host. Transfection of cDNA clones or RNA transcripts derived from these clones produced infectious viruses. Phenotypic characterisation of clone-derived viruses (CDV-26M and CDV-6F) was performed, and CDV-26M and CDV-6F were found to have indistinguishable phenotypes compared to their wild type viruses. Strains HEV71-26M and HEV71-6F were found to have distinct cell culture growth phenotypes. To identify the genome regions responsible for the growth phenotypes of the two strains a series of chimeric viruses were constructed by exchanging the 5„S untranslated region (5„S UTR), structural protein (P1), and nonstructural protein (P2 and P3) gene regions using infectious cDNA clones of both virus strains. Analysis of reciprocal virus chimeras revealed that the 5„S UTR of both strains were compatible but not responsible for the observed phenotypes. Both the P1 and P2-P3 genome regions influence the HEV71 growth phenotype in cell culture, phenotype expression is dependent on specific P1/P2-P3 combinations and is not reciprocal. In the previous study, in order to investigate the pathogenesis of HEV71 infection, a mouse HEV71 model was developed using a mouse-adapted variant of HEV71-26M. Mouse-adapted strain MP-26M caused fore- and/or hindlimb paralysis in mice, whereas HEV71-26M-infected mice did not develop clinical signs of infection at any virus dose or route of inoculation tested. In this study, the molecular basis of mouse adaptation by HEV71 was identified. Nucleotide sequence analysis of HEV71-26M and MP-26M revealed three point mutations in the open reading frame, each resulting in an amino acid substitution in the VP1, VP2 and 2C proteins; no mutations were identified in the untranslated regions of the genome. To determine which of the three amino acid mutations were responsible for the adaptation and virulence of HEV71-26M in mice, recombinant cDNA clones containing one, or a combination of two or three mutations, were constructed. Mouse virulence assays of the mutated viruses clearly demonstrated that a non-conservative amino acid substitution (G710„_E) in the capsid protein VP1 alone was sufficient to confer the mouse virulence phenotype on HEV71. In addition, a mouse oral infection model was established in this study. Oral inoculation with the mouse-adapted HEV71 virus, MP-26M, induced fore-or hindlimb paralysis in newborn mice in an age- and dose-dependent manner. As oral transmission is the natural route of HEV71 infection, this murine HEV71 oral infection model will provide a suitable tool for studying HEV71 pathogenesis, for defining neurological determinants, and for testing vaccine efficacy and immunogenicity in the future.
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Phuektes, Patchara. "Development of a reverse genetic system for human enterovirus 71 (HEV71) and the molecular basis of its growth phenotype and adaptation to mice." Phuektes, Patchara (2009) Development of a reverse genetic system for human enterovirus 71 (HEV71) and the molecular basis of its growth phenotype and adaptation to mice. PhD thesis, Murdoch University, 2009. http://researchrepository.murdoch.edu.au/1306/.

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Human enterovirus 71 (HEV71) is a member of the Human Enterovirus A species within the Family Picornaviridae. Since 1997, HEV71 has emerged as a major cause of epidemics of hand, foot and mouth disease (HFMD) associated with severe neurological disease in the Asia-Pacific region. At the present time, little is known about the pathogenesis of acute neurological disease caused by HEV71. The major aim of this study was to generate infectious cDNA clones of HEV71 and use them as tools for investigating the biology of HEV71 and molecular genetics of HEV71 virulence and pathogenesis. Two infectious cDNA clones of HEV71 clinical isolates, 26M (genotype B3) and 6F (genotype C2) were successfully constructed using a low copy number plasmid vector and an appropriate bacterial host. Transfection of cDNA clones or RNA transcripts derived from these clones produced infectious viruses. Phenotypic characterisation of clone-derived viruses (CDV-26M and CDV-6F) was performed, and CDV-26M and CDV-6F were found to have indistinguishable phenotypes compared to their wild type viruses. Strains HEV71-26M and HEV71-6F were found to have distinct cell culture growth phenotypes. To identify the genome regions responsible for the growth phenotypes of the two strains a series of chimeric viruses were constructed by exchanging the 5„S untranslated region (5„S UTR), structural protein (P1), and nonstructural protein (P2 and P3) gene regions using infectious cDNA clones of both virus strains. Analysis of reciprocal virus chimeras revealed that the 5„S UTR of both strains were compatible but not responsible for the observed phenotypes. Both the P1 and P2-P3 genome regions influence the HEV71 growth phenotype in cell culture, phenotype expression is dependent on specific P1/P2-P3 combinations and is not reciprocal. In the previous study, in order to investigate the pathogenesis of HEV71 infection, a mouse HEV71 model was developed using a mouse-adapted variant of HEV71-26M. Mouse-adapted strain MP-26M caused fore- and/or hindlimb paralysis in mice, whereas HEV71-26M-infected mice did not develop clinical signs of infection at any virus dose or route of inoculation tested. In this study, the molecular basis of mouse adaptation by HEV71 was identified. Nucleotide sequence analysis of HEV71-26M and MP-26M revealed three point mutations in the open reading frame, each resulting in an amino acid substitution in the VP1, VP2 and 2C proteins; no mutations were identified in the untranslated regions of the genome. To determine which of the three amino acid mutations were responsible for the adaptation and virulence of HEV71-26M in mice, recombinant cDNA clones containing one, or a combination of two or three mutations, were constructed. Mouse virulence assays of the mutated viruses clearly demonstrated that a non-conservative amino acid substitution (G710„_E) in the capsid protein VP1 alone was sufficient to confer the mouse virulence phenotype on HEV71. In addition, a mouse oral infection model was established in this study. Oral inoculation with the mouse-adapted HEV71 virus, MP-26M, induced fore-or hindlimb paralysis in newborn mice in an age- and dose-dependent manner. As oral transmission is the natural route of HEV71 infection, this murine HEV71 oral infection model will provide a suitable tool for studying HEV71 pathogenesis, for defining neurological determinants, and for testing vaccine efficacy and immunogenicity in the future.
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Bero, Diocreciano Matias. "Identificação de enterovírus humanos a partir de amostras fecais de crianças menores de 15 anos, atendidas no Hospital Geral de Mavalane na cidade de Maputo, Moçambique." Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, 2012. https://www.arca.fiocruz.br/handle/icict/6976.

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Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Oswaldo Cruz. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
Os enterovírus humanos (HEV) são espécies do gênero Enterovirus, família Picornaviridae. Existem cerca de 120 sorotipos de HEV que são divididos em quatro espécies, designadas de HEV-A a D. Estes agentes infectam anualmente, milhões de pessoas no mundo, resultando em uma grande variedade de quadros clínicos que vão desde infecções inaparentes à febres inespecíficas, resfriado comum, à doenças graves, tais como meningite e poliomielite paralítica. As crianças são mais susceptiveis à infecção. A transmissão ocorre tanto pela via entérica e por via respiratória. O vírus pode ser excretado nas fezes por várias semanas. Este estudo teve como objectivo isolar e identificar os sorotipos de HEVs circulantes, a partir de amostras de fezes de crianças menores de 15 anos de idade, com quadros compatíveis a infecção por esses agentes, no Hospital Geral de Mavalane na Cidade de Maputo, em Moçambique. Neste trabalho, foram utilizadas 178 amostras de fezes obtidas entre novembro de 2011 a fevereiro de 2012. As amostras foram inoculadas em culturas de células e os enterovírus isolados foram identificados através de metódos moleculares, nas amostras negativas foi pesquisado o adenovírus. Das 45 amostras positivas em cultivos celulares, os enterovírus foram isolados e identificados em 26 (14,6 %). A proporção sexo masculino e feminino foi de 1,8: 1. O isolamento dos enterovírus diminuiu à medida que a idade aumentou. O sequenciamento gênomico revelou uma grande diversidade de enterovírus humanos. Entre os 26 enterovírus isolados, o Echovírus 29 foi o agente mais identificado com 19,2 %, seguido pelo Enterovírus 99 (11,5%). Foram identificados também Coxsackievírus A5, Echovírus sorotipos 11, 13 e Enterovírus C com 7,7 % de cada ; Coxsackievírus sorotipos A10, A13, A20, B4 e B6 com 3,85 % cada; Echovírus sorotipos 7, 21 e 25, com 3,85 % cada um, e Poliovírus sorotipos 2 e 3 com 3,85 %, respectivamente. Adenovírus foram isolados em 20 amostras, representando 11,2 % do total (20/178). Duas amostras apresentaram co-infecção enterovírus/adenovírus. Os resultados deste trabalho evidenciam a circulação de uma grande diversidade enterovírus humanos na cidade de Maputo, sendo os echovírus mais frequentes, mas também mostra a circulação de adenovírus humanos. Outros testes laboratoriais seriam necessários, para se relacionar inequivocamente a participação desses agentes virais na etiologia dos quadros clínicos observados.
The human enteroviruses (HEV) are species of the genus Enterovirus, family Picornaviridae. There are about 120 serotypes of HEV divided into four species, designated HEV- A to D. These agents infect millions of people worldwide each year, resulting in a wide variety of clinical conditions ranging from unapparent infection, undifferentiated fevers, and common cold to serious diseases such as meningitis and paralytic poliomyelitis. Children are more susceptible to infection. Transmission occurs by the fecal-oral and respiratory tract. The virus can be excreted in the feces for several weeks. The aim of this study was to isolate and identify human enteroviruses from stool samples of children less than 15 years of age presenting enterovirus compatible symptoms in Mavalane General Hospital in Maputo City, Mozambique. In this study, we used 178 stool samples from children under 15 years of age, obtained from November, 2011 to February, 2012. Samples were inoculated onto cell culture and the enterovirus isolates were identified by molecular methods, the negative samples was screened adenovirus. Twenty-six out of the 45 cell-culture positive samples were constituted by enteroviruses (14.6 %). The ratio between male and female was 1.8:1. Isolation of enterovirus decreases as the age increased. The genomic sequencing showed a diversity of human entrovirus. Among the 26 isolates, Echovirus serotype 29 was the most identified with 19.2 %; Coxsackievirus 99 was identified in 11.5 %, while Coxsackievirus A5, Echovirus serotypes 11, 13 and Enterovirus C, were identified in 7.7 % each. Coxsackievirus serotypes A10, A13, A20, B4 and B6 were present in 3.85 % each; Echovirus serotypes 7, 21 and 25, at 3.85 %, and poliovirus serotypes 2 and 3 in 3.85 %, respectively. Adenoviruses were isolated from 20 samples, 11.2 % (20/178). Two samples showed were co-infected with both enterovirus and adenoviruses. The results of this study showed a great diversity of enterovirus serotypes in the city of Maputo and echovirus was the most prevalent enterovirus found. We also showed the circulation of adenoviruses. However other laboratorial tests would be necessary in order to unequivocally correlate the participation of these viral agents in the etiology of the observed clinical findings.
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Pelliccia, M. "STRATEGIES FOR ENHANCING VIRAL GENE TRANSFER AND THE THERMOSTABILITY OF VIRAL VECTORS IN VACCINE APPLICATIONS." Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Milano, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/2434/265518.

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At the most basic level viruses are biological nano-containers constituted by genetic material enclosed in a protein shell, capsid. A peculiar feature of viruses, both bacterial and some eukaryotic viruses, lies in the high packaging density of the genome in order to fit itself in the small capsid and hence the high internal osmotic pressure. Virus is a relatively stable particle equipped with fascinating mechanical properties of the capsid that are crucial for the virus lifecycle. Viruses have only one purpose: infect a host cell for reproducing themselves in order to generate new viral progeny (Roos et al. 2007). Therefore, the first and foremost consideration arising from the concept of virus reflects its pathogenesis and virulence that can ultimately result in many important infectious diseases such as common cold, influenza, hepatitis, rabies, measles, cancer and AIDS. As a consequence, pathogenic viruses represent a heavy hurdle for the global health and there is a strong need for developing robust strategies such as vaccines or antiviral drugs against virus infections (Baram- Pinto et al. 2010). On the other hand, viruses in the course of evolution have become efficient specialized gene delivery agents. Therefore they represent powerful tools in biomedicine for gene therapy and vaccine purposes (Schaffer et al. 2008). For successful gene therapy and immunization programs, the efficiency and stability of viral vectors are fundamental aspects (Jorio et al. 2006). To address this challenge, in the present research project we have investigated the interaction between viruses and nanomaterials. In the last years materials on the nanoscale for their unique properties have provided a broad range of potential biomedical uses (Verma et al. 2008) and for that reason we decided to explore their application with viruses. More specifically, we have examined three types of sulfonate- functionalized gold nanoparticles (AuNPs), namely, MUS:OT, MUS and MUS:brOT NPs, which are less than 5 nm in size, negatively charged and poorly cytotoxic (Verma et al. 2008). The NPs are coated with self-assembled monolayer (SAM) of thiolated organic molecules and one of the ligand is a sulfonated molecule, MUS (Verma et al. 2008). The MUS ligand itself was tested in our experiments as well. As virus models we focused on human recombinant adenovirus type 5 (Ad), one of the most promising viral vector as vaccine and gene therapy carrier and two picornaviruses of the genus enterovirus, namely, EV1 and CVB3, important human pathogens associated with several infectious diseases (e.g. myocarditis, aseptic meningitis, encephalitis, paralysis)(Kossila et al. 2002)(Marjomäki et al. 2014a). In spite of their medical impact, there are no therapeutic treatments available against picornavirus infections and the only vaccine products are against three types of poliovirus and hepatitis A virus (Merilahti et al. 2012). Two sets of experiments were carried out: (1) Short-term incubation of Ad with nanomaterials for 1 h at 37°C prior transducing HeLa cells or before in vivo administration in zebrafish and mice. The results demonstrated that Ad shortly pre-treated with nanomaterials showed a significant increase in the gene expression in vitro and in vivo The NPs’enhanced adenovirus transduction aims to reduce Ad vector doses in vivo thereby minimizing the adverse reactions of the immune response due to high vector dosage; (2) Long-term thermostabilization studies of Ad, EV1 and CVB3 in vitro in the presence and in the absence of our nanomaterials and other substances such as sugars (sucrose, glucose, glycerol) and Polyethylene glycol (PEG) molecules at 37°C or room temperature for extensive periods of time. Our results showed the capability of the nanomaterials and sucrose to increase substantially the heat stability of the viruses. In order to elucidate the thermal inactivation mechanism of viral particles and the stabilizing effect provided by some compounds on viruses we set out to formulate an analytical theory. This line of research fits in the context of developing more thermo-stable viral vector preparations for vaccine purposes that do not require the maintenance of the challenging cold chain system in order to preserve the effectiveness of viral vaccines during the storage, shipment and administration to the patients and hence to ensure the success of global immunization programs (Alcock et al. 2010).
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Hindersson, Maria. "Coxsackie B virus pathogenesis in mice /." Stockholm : Karolinska institutet, 2006. http://diss.kib.ki.se/2006/20060608hind/.

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Tate, John Graham. "Structural studies on bovine enterovirus." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1995. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.318546.

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Clarkson, Neil Adrian. "Decay accelerating factor is a cellular receptor for echovirus 7." Thesis, University of Reading, 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.320059.

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Germini, Marcela Cristina Braga Yassaka. "Pesquisa de bactérias e vírus intestinais em uma população infantil do noroeste paulista." Faculdade de Medicina de São José do Rio Preto, 2012. http://bdtd.famerp.br/handle/tede/157.

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Made available in DSpace on 2016-01-26T12:51:40Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 marcelacristinabygermini_dissert.pdf: 1767156 bytes, checksum: 3ac31a5282ff9f5d13908111e0e281cb (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-07-31
Introduction Childhood acute infectious diarrhea is one of the biggest health problems faced by developing countries and its incidence has been increased in children who attend daycare. Objective To evaluate the possible relation between bacterial and viral enteropathogens with diarrhea in a children population of a public daycare in São José do Rio Preto city São Paulo state. Material and methods The group of Microorganisms Investigation Center (CIM) of the Medicine College of São José do Rio Preto (FAMERP) collected and processed 100 fecal samples of 50 healthy children (control group) and other 50 children who presented fecal material with compatible aspect to diarrheic clinic. Stool samples were transported in Cary Blair transport media for bacterial analysis. All specimens were examined on the day of collection according to standard bacteriologic procedures. Briefly, suggestive bacterial colonies were isolated from McConkey, Salmonella Shigella, brilliant green (after enrichment in tetrathionate broth), and Columbia agar. Isolates identified by biochemical tests were serotyped by standard techniques (EPM-Milli and Oxidase stripes plus commercially available antisera; PROBAC, Brazil). For a viral analysis, an aliquot of the obtained fecal material was frozen under -70 degrees Celsius and, afterwards, conducted to the Virology Section of the Institute Evandro Chagas, Ananindeua, Pará state. The identification of the astrovirus and calicivirus was done by RT-PCR (Polymerase chain reaction, through reverse transcriptase). Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE) was carried out in Tris glycine buffer and rotavirus genome profile was defined following electrophoresis of extracted dsRNA through vertical 5% acrylamide bisacrylamide gels. Results and discussion There was no difference concerning the gender between the two groups, with a slight higher representation of female 52 (52,0%). The age group ranged from 6 months to 7 years old (an average of 1,6 years). The most frequent bacteria in the population was 38 strains of E.coli (38%), distributed like this: EPEC (12%), EIEC (3%), Pseudomonas spp. (2%) and E.coli O157 (1%). Fourteen children presented mixed colonization of Enterobacter and E.coli (14,1%). The circulating of enteric viruses in the children population are the Norovirus (2%) and Astrovirus (1%). The presence of Norovirus and Astrovirus is traditionally associated with the urban area inhabitants. The food intake out of the daycare and home indicated the presence of enteropathogens. The bacterial and viral agents detected are not associated with the diarrhea occurrence in the studied population. Conclusion: The results obtained in this study demonstrated that the children who attend daycare are asymptomatic carriers of potential pathologic agents, this fact deserves further investigation in this area, as well as in other country areas. This study will be useful for creating effective strategies of prevention, control and treatment, in order to improve the life condition of the group in this work.
Introdução: A diarreéia infecciosa aguda infantil é um dos maiores problemas de saúde enfrentado pelos países em desenvolvimento e tem sua incidência aumentada em crianças que frequentam creches. Objetivo: Avaliar a possível associação de enteropatógenos bacterianos e virais com a diarreéia em uma população infantil de uma creche pública do município São José do Rio Preto SP. , pela equipe do Centro de Investigação de Microrganismos (CIM) da Faculdade de Medicina de São José do Rio Preto (FAMERP). Material e Método: A equipe do Centro de Investigação de Microrganismos (CIM) da Faculdade de Medicina de São José do Rio Preto (FAMERP) efetuou a coleta e o processamento de Foram analisadas 100 amostras fecais, provenientes de sendo 50 crianças sadias no (grupo controle) e de outras 50 crianças que apresentaram material fecal com aspecto compatível à clínica diarreéica. Para análise bacteriológica, parte do material fecal foi utilizado meio detransportadoenviado em meio de transporte Cary Blair, com imediata semeadura as amostras foram semeadas em meio Ágar MacConkey (DIFCO), Ágar SS (DIFCO), em caldo Tetrationato, anterior à semeadura em em Ágar Verde Brilhante (DIFCO) e em Àgar Columbia (DIFCO) com carvão ativado. A técnica de aglutinação a partir de uma suspensão bacteriana foi utilizada para a identificação tipagem sorológica das enterobactérias. Para análise viral, uma alíquota do material fecal obtido foi congelada a -70 graus Ccelsius e, posteriormente, encaminhada ao Setor de Virologia do Instituto Evandro Chagas, Ananindeua, Estado do Pará. APara detecção dos Astrovírus e Calicivírus foram foi realizadas por RT-PCR (Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase via transcriptase reversa). Já Aa detecção dos rotavírus foi realizada efetuada por meio de eletroforese em gel de poliacrilamida (PAGE) em tampão Tris-glicina, e oseu perfil do genômico do rotavírus foi definido após eletroforese do RNA fita dupla (dsRNA) extraído em géis verticais de bisacrilamida-acrilamida a 5%. Resultados e Discussão?: Não houve diferença quanto ao gênero entre os dois grupos, com ligeira maior representação maior frequencia do sexo feminino 52 (52,0%). A faixa etária variou de seis meses a sete anos de idade (média de 1,6 anos). As bactérias mais frequentes na população são foram 38 cepascasos de E. coli (38%), assim distribuídas: sendo EPEC (- 12%), EIEC - (3%), Pseudomonas spp. - (2%) e E. coli O157 (- 1%). Houve tambémCatorze 14 crianças apresentaram casos de colonizaçãoção mista por mista de Enterobacter e E. coli (14,1%). Os vírus entéricos circulantes nessas população infantil crianças são o Norovírus (2%) e o Astrovírus (1%). A presença de Norovírus e Astrovírus está tradicionalmente associada com àa população residente em área urbana. O consumo de alimentos fora da creche e do domicílio foi indicativo dae presença de enteropatógenos. Os agentes bacterianos e virais detectados não estão associados aos casos de diarréeia na população estudada. Conclusão: Os dados obtidos neste estudo demostram que as crianças que frequentam creches são portadores assintomáticas de potenciais agentes patogênicos, fato este merece investigação adicional nesta região área, bem como em outras regiõesdo país. Este estudo contribuirá para a criação de estratégias efetivas de prevenção, controle e tratamento, melhorando assim a condição de vida do grupo em estudo.
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Hodik, Monika. "Enterovirus Implications in Type 1 Diabetes." Doctoral thesis, Uppsala universitet, Klinisk immunologi, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-204378.

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Human enteroviruses (HEVs), particularly Coxsackie B viruses (CVBs), might trigger the onset of type 1 diabetes (T1D), either by direct infection of the insulin-producing beta-cells or by an indirect inflammatory response. The overall aim of this thesis was to study the tropism of HEVs in isolated human pancreatic cell clusters in vitro including virus effects on islet function, gene-expression and ultrastructure. Furthermore, the expression of the major CVB-receptor, CAR, was investigated in pancreatic tissue from T1D-related subjects and CVB-infected islets. Also, tissues and isolated islets from two adult organ-donors who died close to disease onset were studied.The results showed that beta-cells were destroyed through lytic infections with different strains of CVBs and that islets function did not depend on replication per se but on the degree of islet destruction. Virus particles were observed in beta-cells in association with insulin granules, however no virus replication or particles could be observed in the exocrine cell clusters, as opposed to in mice models. The virus-infected islets had a decreased expression of insulin mRNA and CAR mRNA/protein, possibly reflecting virus-killed beta-cells. Infected beta-cells contained a high number of insulin granules, which might indicate an impaired function.The in vivo studies showed presence of virus proteins in the islets of both donors who died close to onset of T1D and elevated expression of innate immunity genes, potentially indicating viral infection, but direct evidence is lacking. Both donors were immune-reactive for insulin but the isolated islets had an impaired or completely lacking glucose response. Ultrastructural analysis showed both damaged beta-cells and normal-looking beta-cells, indicating that the latter might still have the potential to function but were blocked. CAR-expression was significantly increased in T1D-related subjects which might indicate tissue damage and/or inflammation in these subjects.To conclude, these results showed that CVBs could infect human primary beta-cells, likely by binding to CAR and lead to functional abnormalities, indicating that they could cause T1D in vivo. Exocrine cells were not permissive to CVB, which raises the question if mice-models should be used to study human pancreatitis. Also, unique materials from two T1D organ-donors were described.
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Books on the topic "Enteroviru"

1

Rotbart, Harley A., ed. Human Enterovirus Infections. Washington, DC, USA: ASM Press, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/9781555818326.

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A, Rotbart Harley, ed. Human enterovirus infections. Washington, D.C: ASM Press, 1995.

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Spynu, K. I. Ėnterovirusy v okruzhai͡u︡shcheĭ srede i ikh ėpidemicheskai͡a︡ znachimostʹ. Kishinev: "Shtiint͡s︡a", 1991.

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Spynu, K. I. Ėkologii͡a︡ ėnterovirusov v Moldavii. Kishinev: "Shtiint͡s︡a", 1989.

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Group B coxsackieviruses. Berlin: Springer, 2008.

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Fiore, Stefano, Lucia Fiore, and Gabriele Buttinelli. Sorveglianza delle paralisi flaccide acute e della circolazione ambientale di poliovirus e altri enterovirus in Italia. Roma: Istituto superiore di sanità, 2013.

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Jin, Ou. Molecular studies on the detection of enteroviral RNA genome in cultured cells and endomyocardial biopsies from patients with myocarditis and dilated cardiomyopathy. Ottawa: National Library of Canada, 1990.

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G, Farthing M. J., and Keusch Gerald, eds. Enteric infection: Mechanisms, manifestations, and management. New York, N.Y: Raven Press, 1989.

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Messacar, Kevin, and Mark J. Abzug. Enterovirus and Parechovirus. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190604813.003.0003.

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Enteroviruses (EVs) comprise a genus in the Picornaviridae family. They are single-stranded RNA viruses and are common causes of human infection. Polioviruses, the prototypic EVs, were historically responsible for widespread outbreaks of paralytic poliomyelitis; now they are on the verge of global elimination through vaccination. More than 100 serotypes of nonpoliovirus EVs are described and are associated with a wide variety of diseases, ranging from respiratory infections, nonspecific febrile illnesses, herpangina, and hand-foot-and-mouth disease to meningitis, encephalitis, paralytic disease, myocarditis, chronic or disseminated infection in immunocompromised hosts (particularly those with defects in the humoral immune response), and severe disease in neonates. This chapter reviews disease manifestations during pregnancy and in neonates, with an emphasis on clinical presentation, diagnosis, and management. The newly emerging parechoviruses, important causes of central nervous system (CNS) disease, are also reviewed.
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Rotbart, Harley A. Human Enterovirus Infections. Wiley & Sons, Limited, John, 2014.

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Book chapters on the topic "Enteroviru"

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Summers, Paul R., and Howard T. Sharp. "Enterovirus." In Clinical Perspectives in Obstetrics and Gynecology, 224–35. New York, NY: Springer New York, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4612-2640-6_13.

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Roberts, Jason A., and Bruce R. Thorley. "Enterovirus." In PCR for Clinical Microbiology, 229–33. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-90-481-9039-3_32.

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Liu, Dongyou. "Enterovirus." In Handbook of Foodborne Diseases, 43–50. Boca Raton : Taylor & Francis, [2019] | Series: Food microbiology series | “A CRC title, part of the Taylor & Francis imprint, a member of the Taylor & Francis Group, the academic division of T&F Informa plc.”: CRC Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/b22030-5.

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Gooch, Jan W. "Enterovirus." In Encyclopedic Dictionary of Polymers, 890. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-6247-8_13669.

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Chapman, Nora M., and Steven M. Tracy. "Enterovirus‡." In The Springer Index of Viruses, 1293–300. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-95919-1_212.

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Morens, David M., and Mark A. Pallansch. "Epidemiology." In Human Enterovirus Infections, 1–23. Washington, DC, USA: ASM Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/9781555818326.ch1.

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Abzug, Mark J. "Perinatal Enterovirus Infections." In Human Enterovirus Infections, 221–38. Washington, DC, USA: ASM Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/9781555818326.ch10.

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Dagan, Ron, and Marilyn A. Menegus. "Nonpolio Enteroviruses and the Febrile Infant." In Human Enterovirus Infections, 239–54. Washington, DC, USA: ASM Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/9781555818326.ch11.

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Chonmaitree, Tasnee, and Linda Mann. "Respiratory Infections." In Human Enterovirus Infections, 255–70. Washington, DC, USA: ASM Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/9781555818326.ch12.

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Rotbart, Harley A. "Meningitis and Encephalitis." In Human Enterovirus Infections, 271–89. Washington, DC, USA: ASM Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/9781555818326.ch13.

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Conference papers on the topic "Enteroviru"

1

Lukashev, Alexander. "ENTEROVIRUS GENOME IN SPACE AND TIME." In Viruses: Discovering Big in Small. TORUS PRESS, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.30826/viruses-2019-02.

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Chen, Guang-Wu, Yu-Nong Gong, and Wei-Chung Chen. "Font Size: Exploring Enterovirus Recombination using Machine Learning." In International Conference on Industrial Application Engineering 2020. The Institute of Industrial Applications Engineers, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.12792/iciae2020.030.

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Rodman, Jasna, Tita Butenko, Ana Kotnik Pirš, Dušanka Lepej, Marina Praprotnik, Tina Uršic, Miroslav Petrovec, and Uroš Krivec. "How dangerous are respiratory tract infections with enterovirus D68?" In Annual Congress 2015. European Respiratory Society, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1183/13993003.congress-2015.pa3621.

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Lin, Shih-Yeh, Cheng-Yu Chung, Yao-Chi Chung, Hsin-Yi Chiu, and Yu-Chen Hu. "Development of Enterovirus 71 Vaccine based on Virus-like Particles." In 14th Asia Pacific Confederation of Chemical Engineering Congress. Singapore: Research Publishing Services, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.3850/978-981-07-1445-1_411.

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Holmes, Lucy C., Kirsten St. George, Howard Faden, Marissa Burg, Rebekah Berti, Daryl Lamson, and Heather Lehman. "Retrospective Study on Patients Presenting with Wheezing and Enterovirus D68 Infection." In Selection of Abstracts From NCE 2015. American Academy of Pediatrics, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1542/peds.140.1_meetingabstract.29.

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Keeren, Kathrin, Sindy Böttcher, and Sabine Diedrich. "Acute Flaccid Paralysis/Myelitis (AFM/AFP) - Results from National Enterovirus Surveillance." In Abstracts of the 45th Annual Meeting of the Society for Neuropediatrics. Georg Thieme Verlag KG, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0039-1698184.

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Rupp, N., A. Kratschmar, M. Gal, T. Lindemann, T. Krauß, and V. Beck. "Perinatale Enteroviren-Infektion des Neugeborenen mit schwerer Hirnschädigung." In 94. Kongress der Bayerischen Gesellschaft für Geburtshilfe und Frauenheilkunde e. V. (BGGF). Georg Thieme Verlag KG, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0040-1714001.

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Butenko, Tita, Jasna Rodman, Ana Kotnik Pirs, Dusanka Lepej, Marina Praprotnik, Tina Ursic, Miroslav Petrovec, and Uros Krivec. "Respiratory and non-respiratory manifestations of enterovirus D68 infection outbreak in children." In Annual Congress 2015. European Respiratory Society, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1183/13993003.congress-2015.pa1326.

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Cinteza, Eliza, Cristina Filip, Georgiana Nicolae, Gabriela Duica, Cosmin Grigore, Mihaela Balgradean, and Alin Nicolescu. "OC-17 Enteroviral neonatal myocarditis – question or answer? case series." In 8th Europaediatrics Congress jointly held with, The 13th National Congress of Romanian Pediatrics Society, 7–10 June 2017, Palace of Parliament, Romania, Paediatrics building bridges across Europe. BMJ Publishing Group Ltd and Royal College of Paediatrics and Child Health, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/archdischild-2017-313273.17.

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Tseng, Shin-Hua, Dion T. Tseng, Tzu-Cheng Lee, Tsai-Mu Cheng, Jyh-Yuan Yang, Ruo-Yu Hsieh, Chuan-Mei Tsai, and Chia-Ching Chang. "Ultra Sensitive Detection of Eneterovirus 71 by Modified Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy." In ASME 2010 First Global Congress on NanoEngineering for Medicine and Biology. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/nemb2010-13143.

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The enterovirus 71 (EV71) has threatened Taiwan for more than ten years. Since traditional diagnostic methods are complicated, time consuming, and high-qualified personnel required. Therefore, a new detection process is highly desired. In this study, a high sensitive PC-based electrochemical analyzing system with a functionalized nano-gold modified immunological electrode are developed to detect EV71. Immobilizing specific EV71 polyclone antibodies, which is developed by center for disease control (CDC) Taiwan, onto nano gold of sensing electrode, the affinity interaction of the immobilized antibody with the specific antigen is identified quickly by electrochemical impedance spectrum (EIS) within 20 minutes. The detection limit of this EIS analysis was as low as 50 copy per ml (∼sub-atto molar). In summary, a biosensor and analyzing system based on EIS has been developed to identify EV71 with efficiency, high sensitivity and specificity.
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Reports on the topic "Enteroviru"

1

Bear, Douglas A., Yong-Il Cho, James R. Russell, Steve M. Ensley, and Kyoung-Jin Yoon. Incidence of Bovine Enterovirus, Coronavirus, and Group A Rotavirus, and Concentration of Total Coliforms in Midwestern Pasture Streams. Ames (Iowa): Iowa State University, January 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.31274/ans_air-180814-617.

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Bear, Douglas A., Yong-Il Cho, James R. Russell, Steven M. Ensley, and Kyoungjin J. Yoon. Incidence of Bovine Enterovirus, Coronavirus, and Group A Rotavirus, and Concentration of Fecal Coliforms in Midwestern Pasture Streams. Ames (Iowa): Iowa State University, January 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.31274/ans_air-180814-697.

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Bear, Douglas A., Yong-Il Cho, James R. Russell, Steven M. Ensley, and Kyoung-Jin Yoon. Incidence of Bovine Enterovirus, Coronavirus, and Group A Rotavirus, and Concentration of Fecal Coliforms in Midwestern Pasture Streams. Ames: Iowa State University, Digital Repository, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.31274/farmprogressreports-180814-909.

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Bear, Douglas Allen, James R. Russell, Yong Il Cho, Steven M. Ensley, and Kyoung-Jin Yoon. Incidence of Bovine Enterovirus, Coronavirus, and Group A Rotavirus, and Concentration of Total Coliforms in Midwestern Pasture Streams (Three-year Progress Report). Ames: Iowa State University, Digital Repository, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.31274/farmprogressreports-180814-2507.

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Gillor, Osnat, Stefan Wuertz, Karen Shapiro, Nirit Bernstein, Woutrina Miller, Patricia Conrad, and Moshe Herzberg. Science-Based Monitoring for Produce Safety: Comparing Indicators and Pathogens in Water, Soil, and Crops. United States Department of Agriculture, May 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2013.7613884.bard.

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Using treated wastewater (TWW) for crop irrigation represents an important opportunity for ensuring adequate food production in light of growing freshwater scarcity worldwide. However, the environmentally sustainable approach of using TWW for irrigation can lead to contamination of produce with fecal pathogens that may remain in treated water. The overall goal of this research was to evaluate the correlation between the presence of fecal indicator bacteria (FIB) and that of a suite of human pathogens in TWW, the irrigated soil, and crops. Field experiments were conducted to compare secondary and tertiary TWW with dechlorinated tap water for irrigation of tomatoes, a typical commercial crop, in Israel, a semi-arid country. Human pathogens including bacteria (Salmonella), protozoa (Cryptosporidiumand Giardia), and viruses (Adenovirus [AV Types A, B, C & 40/41] and Enterovirus [EV71 subtypes]) were monitored in two field trials using a combination of microscopic, cultivation-based, and molecular (qPCR) techniques. Results from the field trials indicate that microbial contamination on the surface of tomatoes did not appear to be associated with the source of irrigated waters; FIB contamination was not statistically different on tomatoes irrigated with TWW as compared to tomatoes irrigated with potable water. In fact, Indicator bacteria testing did not predict the presence of pathogens in any of the matrices tested. High concentrations of FIB were detected in water and on tomato surfaces from all irrigation treatment schemes, while pathogen contamination on tomato surfaces (Cryptosporidiumand Salmonella) was only detected on crops irrigated with TWW. These results suggest that regular monitoring for pathogens should take place to accurately detect presence of harmful microorganisms that could threaten consumer safety. A notable result from our study is that the large numbers of FIB in the water did not appear to lead to FIB accumulation in the soil. With the exception of two samples, E. coli that was present at 10³ to 10⁴ cells/100 mL in the water, was not detected in the soil. Other bacterial targets associated with the enteric environment (e. g., Proteusspp.) as well as protozoal pathogens were detected in the TWW, but not in the soil. These findings suggest that significant microbial transfer to the soil from TWW did not occur in this study. The pattern of FIB contamination on the surfaces of tomatoes was the same for all treatment types, and showed a temporal effect with more contamination detected as the duration of the field trial increased. An important observation revealed that water quality dramatically deteriorated between the time of its release from the wastewater treatment plant and the time it was utilized for irrigation, highlighting the importance of performing water quality testing throughout the growing season at the cultivation site.
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