Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Enterococcus faecalis; biofilm; pH'
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Tse, Chee-choong Micheal, and 謝志聰. "Effect of ultrasonic agitation on enterococcus faecalis biofilm." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2010. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B45165993.
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Chittezham, Thomas Vinai. "The molecular control and biological implications of autolysis in enterococcus faecalis biofilm development." Diss., Manhattan, Kan. : Kansas State University, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/1519.
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Schurig, Tilman David [Verfasser], and Karl-Thomas [Akademischer Betreuer] Wrbas. "Der antibakterielle Effekt verschiedener Wurzelkanalfülltechniken auf Enterococcus faecalis – Biofilm in humanen Wurzelkanälen in vitro." Freiburg : Universität, 2016. http://d-nb.info/112274336X/34.
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Yang, Nan. "Role of Escherichia coli curli in relation with intestinal components - mucin, Klebsiella pneumoniae and Enterococcus faecalis." Phd thesis, INSA de Lyon, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00657247.
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Bacteria in nature mostly exist in biofilms, which are structured adherent communities encased in polymeric matrices. In the human body, most biofilms are composed of commensal microorganisms with the gastrointestinal tract being the most heavily colonized site. Bacterial attachment to the overlying mucus gel layer of the intestinal epithelium is fundamental to the establishment of a stable commensal microflora. However the interaction of bacteria with the complex mucus gel is poorly described. Moreover, the complexity and diversity of the gut microbiota is itself an obstacle to studying its biology. Microbiota functions are the product of communities of bacteria and interactions between multiple species. New approaches are needed to study this aspect of even the most well-studied member of the human gut microbiota, Escherichia coli. This thesis was devoted to the exploration of the transcriptional response of E. coli facing different elements of human gut following 3 main objectives. First, the initial part of my work was related to the conception and optimization of appropriate genetic tools to both track E. coli within the multispecies context that constitute human gut commensals, and survey the expression of genes of interest. Use of the Green Fluorescent Protein (GFP) genes allowing enhanced fluorescence and shortened half-life has permitted significant progress both in whole cell tagging as well as transcriptional reporting, while the red fluorescent counterparts were disappointing. Second, using the subset of tools that has been validated to be reliable, influence of mucin on the biofilm formation ability of E. coli has subsequently been studied. I have shown that mucin promotes E. coli biofilm formation through transcriptional modulation of surface adhesion structures such as curli and type 1 pili. Third, concurrently, E. coli's population relationship to commensal bacteria (K. pneumoniae and E. faecalis) was investigated and demonstrated, with the possible influence of surface adhesion structures such as curli as the biological focus. The results suggest that curli production in biofilm increases the fitness of E. coli when co-cultured with K. pneumoniae while promoting synergistic interaction between E. coli and E. faecalis. The implication based on the data is discussed. This work improves the understanding of E. coli response to the gut environment, and provides foundations to build more powerful tools for further investigations.
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Castro, Pedro Coimbra de Almeida Osório de. "Biofilmes em endodontia." Master's thesis, [s.n.], 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10284/4386.
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Projeto de Pós-Graduação/Dissertação apresentado à Universidade Fernando Pessoa como parte dos requisitos para obtenção do grau de Mestre em Medicina DentáriaIntrodução: Um biofilme é uma comunidade estruturada de células bacterianas envolvidas numa matriz constituída por substâncias poliméricas e aderido a uma superfície sólida. Esta comunidade permite um modo protegido de crescimento que permite a sobrevivência dos constituintes celulares em ambientes hostis e fornece uma tolerância aumentada a agentes antimicrobianos. Objectivo: Tentar compreender a forma como os constituintes celulares se organizam e ter um melhor conhecimento das formas de resistência antimicrobiana características da organização em biofilmes, como também de rever os métodos actualmente usados para a desinfecção no tratamento endodôntico e abordando métodos alternativos ainda em estudo. Materiais e métodos: Para tal realizou-se uma pesquisa bibliográfica nos principais motores de busca: Pubmed, B-On, SciELO, Science Direct, como também no repositório da Universidade Fernando Pessoa e da Faculdade de Medicina Dentária do Porto utilizando as palavras-chave “Biofilms”, “Apical Periodontitis”, “Enterococcus faecalis” e “Biofilm Treatment “ que foram associadas de várias formas. Desta pesquisa efectuada, entre Junho de 2014 e Julho de 2014, foram escolhidos 117 artigos em Português e Inglês dos quais foram usados 89. Resultados: A forma como actualmente procedemos à desinfecção do sistema de canais radiculares, passando pela instrumentação mecânica e irrigação química não é totalmente satisfatória no que toca a uma total erradicação dos microorganismos devido a várias limitações como a complexidade anatómica dos canais e a ecologia presente no interior dos mesmos. Conclusões: De futuro, terão que ser desenvolvidas outras estratégias antimicrobianas para suplementar as existentes. Embora estas pareçam promissoras in vitro elas carecem de estudos in vivo, os quais serão necessários no futuro para ultrapassar as várias limitações presentes no sistema de canais radiculares. Introduction: A biofilm is a structured bacterial cell community enveloped in a matrix composed of polymeric substances and attached to a solid surface. This community allows for a protected way of growth that permits the survival of the cellular components in hostile environments and provides a higher tolerance to antimicrobial agents. Objective: Trying to understand the way cellular components are organized and have a better knowledge of the antimicrobial resistances that are characteristic of the way biofilms are structured, as well as to review the currently used methods for disinfection in an endodontic treatment and to address alternative methods still in study. Materials and Methods: To this end a bibliographic research was performed on the main search engines: Pubmed, B-On, SciELO, Science Direct, and also on Universidade Fernando Pessoa and Faculdade de Medicina Dentária do Porto’s repository using “Biofilms”, “Apical Periodontitis”, “Enterococcus faecalis” and “Biofilm Treatment“ as key-words that were associated in many forms. From this research performed between June 2014 and July 2014, were selected 117 articles in Portuguese and English and from those, 89 were used. Results: The way that we currently proceed regarding the disinfection of the root canal system using mechanical instrumentation and chemical irrigation is not fully satisfactory, when it comes to the total eradication of the microorganisms present due to several limitations like the complexity of the root canal anatomy and the ecology present inside the root canal. Conclusions: In the future, other antimicrobial strategies will have to be developed to supplement the currently used ones. Although these look promising in vitro they lack in vivo studies, that will be necessary in the future to overcome the several limitations present in the root canal system.
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Iyer, Vijayalakshmi Subramanian. "Role of the transcription regulator RpoN (sigma 54) in Enterococcus faecalis biofilm development, metabolism and virulence." Diss., Kansas State University, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/17150.
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Doctor of PhilosophyDepartment of Biology
Lynn Hancock
Enterococci are the third leading cause of nosocomial infections including urinary tract infections (UTI), surgical site infections (SSI) and blood stream infections. Enterococci are also found in the gastrointestinal tracts of humans, and other mammals. We elucidated the influence of the transcriptional regulator RpoN on enterococcal biofilm formation, virulence potential and cell wall architecture and proposed a potential involvement for carbohydrate metabolism in these processes. Biofilms are held together by matrix (BM) components such as extracellular DNA (eDNA) released by cell death from a sub-population of cells. The rpoN mutant (ΔrpoN) was resistant to autolysis as well as fratricide-mediated cell death and eDNA was not detected in planktonic as well as biofilm cultures. Unlike the parental strain V583, the ΔrpoN mutant formed proteinase K sensitive biofilms, suggesting that protein as well as eDNA serves as an important matrix component. The rabbit model of endocarditis was used to assess the effect of rpoN deletion on enterococcal virulence. Rabbits infected with ΔrpoN had reduced bacterial burden in heart, blood, liver, kidney and vegetation in comparison to the parental strain. The growth defect of ΔrpoN in physiologically relevant glucose levels (5 mM) partially explains the reduced bacterial burdens observed in the virulence study. Microarray analysis of ΔrpoN showed that 10% of the genome is differentially regulated by RpoN. Deletion of rpoN also protects Enterococcus faecalis from lysis in the absence of known modulators of cellular lytic events such as O-acetylation and D-alanylation. Of the four identified enhancer binding proteins in E. faecalis, MptR regulates the RpoN-dependent mannose/glucose uptake system (MptABCD) and the ΔmptR mutant phenocopied the ΔrpoN mutant in the eDNA release and growth assays. Because MptC and MptD have been shown to be the cellular receptors for class IIa and IIc bacteriocins, we are presently testing the hypothesis that these receptors may serve as a global receptor for bacteriocins. In conclusion, our data demonstrates that alterations in the metabolic state of the bacterium, as observed in the ΔrpoN mutant could be responsible for the switch in biofilm matrix composition, and this switch in turn likely influences the virulence potential of the bacterium.
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Alves, Denise Ramos Silveira. "Efeito da terapia fotodinâmica sobre biofilme de Enterococcus faecalis e estrutura dentinária." Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2016. http://repositorio.bc.ufg.br/tede/handle/tede/6229.
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Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de Goiás - FAPEG
Objective: Evaluate the effect of photodynamic therapy (PDT) on Enterococcus faecalis biofilm in infected root canals and on dentin structure. Methods: Twenty-one root canals of a sample of 24 extracted single-rooted human teeth were infected by E. faecalis for 60 days to form biofilm. The antimicrobial strategies tested were (n=3 in each group): root canal preparation using NiTi rotary instruments, 2.5% NaOCl and 17% EDTA irrigation, and PDT with 0.01% methylene blue (group I) or 0.01% malachite green (group II); root canal preparation using NiTi rotary instruments, 2.5% NaOCl and 17% EDTA irrigation, and PDT with 0.01% methylene blue (group III); PDT with 0.01% methylene blue without root canal preparation (group IV); root canal preparation using NiTi rotary instruments, 22.5% NaOCl and 17% EDTA irrigation, and no PDT (group V); 2.5% NaOCl irrigation with no root canal preparation, and 17% EDTA irrigation (group VI); positive control (group VII). Three roots were not infected and were used as negative controls (group VIII). Samples for microbiological tests were collected using three sterile paper points, later stored in BHI and incubated at 37o C for 48 hours at three time points: before (S1) and after (S2) root canal preparation, and after PDT application (S3). Bacterial growth was analyzed according to turbidity of culture medium, presence of bacteria, and spectrophotometric optical density (nm). Specimens were sectioned and prepared for SEM analysis of dentin structure. Results: Bacteria were found at S1, S2 and S3 in all experimental groups. Optical density of culture media at S2 and S3 in groups I, II and III were lower than at S1, but not statistically different. Optical density of culture media at S2 was 28.70% and 24.67% lower than at S1 in groups I and II; after PDT, optical density was 90.00% (group I) and 37.30% (group II) lower. In group III, it was 97.70% lower at S2 and an additional 92.00% lower after PDT. In group IV, optical density increase 3.2%. Dentin analysis after PDT revealed areas of melting and recrystallization, peritubular dentin projections, intertubular dentin erosion and fusion of dentinal tubule openings, which made dentin surface irregular. Some dentinal tubules were obliterated, and there were changes in the shape of their openings. Conclusion: PDT applied after root canal preparation using manual or rotary files was not effective in eliminating E. faecalis completely. PDT changed dentin structure and resulted in dentin melting and recrystallization, as well as in dentinal tubule erosion and obliteration.
Objetivo: Avaliar o efeito da terapia fotodinâmica sobre biofilme de Enterococcus faecalis em canais radiculares infectados e sobre a estrutura dentinária. Metodologia: O estudo foi desenvolvido em vinte e quatro dentes humanos unirradiculares extraídos, dos quais vinte e um canais radiculares foram infectados com E. faecalis por 60 dias para formação de biofilme. As estratégias antimicrobianas testadas foram (n=3): preparo do canal radicular com instrumentos rotatórios de NiTi/ NaOCl 2,5%/ irrigação final EDTA 17%, e TFD com azul de metileno 0,01% (Grupo I) ou verde malaquita 0,01% (Grupo II); preparo do canal radicular com instrumentos manuais de aço inox/ NaOCl 2,5%/ irrigação final EDTA 17% e TFD com azul de metileno 0,01% (Grupo III); TFD com azul de metileno 0,01% sem preparo prévio do canal radicular (Grupo IV); preparo do canal radicular com instrumentos rotatórios de NiTi/ NaOCl 2,5%/ irrigação final EDTA 17% sem emprego da TFD (Grupo V); irrigação com hipoclorito de sódio 2,5% sem preparo do canal radicular/ irrigação final EDTA 17% (Grupo VI); controle positivo (Grupo VII). Três espécimes não foram contaminados, sendo utilizados como controle negativo (Grupo VIII). Coletas microbiológicas foram realizadas, antes (CM1) e após (CM2) o preparo do canal radicular, e depois da aplicação da TFD (CM3), utilizando três pontas de papel absorventes esterilizadas, posteriormente armazenadas em BHI e a seguir , incubadas a 37o C por 48 horas. O crescimento bacteriano foi analisado pela turbidez do meio de cultura, sendo determinada a presença ou ausência de bactérias, e pela densidade óptica do meio de cultura, interpretada por espectrofotometria (nm). A seguir, os espécimes foram seccionados e preparados para análise da estrutura dentinária por meio de imagens de MEV. Resultados: A presença de bactérias foi verificada na CM1 , CM2 e CM3 de todos os grupos experimentais. As medidas da densidade óptica dos meios de cultura das CM2 e CM3 nos grupos experimentais I, II e III apresentaram redução quando comparada a CM1, porém não significativa estatisticamente. Nos Grupos I e II a densidade óptica do meio de cultura foi reduzida em 28.70% e 24,67% em CM2, respectivamente. Após a TFD, a redução da densidade óptica foi 90,00% (Grupo I) e 37,70% (Grupo II). No Grupo III, a redução da densidade óptica do meio de cultura foi de 97,70% na CM2, com redução adicional de 92,00% após TFD. No Grupo IV foi verificado aumento da densidade óptica do meio de cultura em 3,2%. A análise da dentina evidenciou, nos grupos submetidos à TFD, áreas de derretimento e recristalização, projeção da dentina peritubular, e regiões com erosão da dentina intertubular e união das entradas dos túbulos dentinários, tornando a superfície dentinária irregular. Obliteração de túbulos dentinários com alteração do contorno de suas entradas também foi verificada. Conclusão: A TFD, após preparo do canal radicular com sistema rotatório ou manual, não foi efetiva na eliminação completa de E. faecalis, e alterou a estrutura dentinária, determinando derretimento e recristalização de dentina, erosão e obliteração de túbulos dentinários.
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Rosa, Ricardo Abreu da. "Efetividade da terapia fotodinâmica associada à soluções irrigadoras frente a dois modelos de biofilme." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/144218.
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O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar o efeito antibacteriano e a dissolução de biofilme promovido pela terapia fotodinâmica (PDT) associada com o hipoclorito de sódio (NaOCl) 2,5% e a clorexidina (CHX) sobre biofilmes mono-espécie e multi-espécies. No modelo de biofilme mono-espécie, quarenta e seis prémolares inferiores foram contaminados com cepas de Enterococcus faecalis (ATCCC 29212) por 21 dias. Os espécimes foram divididos em três grupos de acordo com a solução irrigadora utilizada: soro fisiológico, CHX 2% e NaOCl 2,5%. Após irrigação com 5 mL de cada irrigante, a PDT foi realizada. Amostras foram coletadas previamente aos protocolos de irrigação (S1), após irrigação (S2) e após PDT (S3). No modelo de biofilme multi-espécies, sessenta blocos de dentina bovina foram infectados intraoral e divididos em seis grupos: soro fisiológico, soro fisiológico/PDT, CHX, CHX/PDT, NaOCl e NaOCl/PDT. Microscopia confocal a laser foi usada para avaliar a porcentagem e o biovolume de células vivas e o volume total de biofilme. Todos os grupos reduziram as contagens de UFCs após os procedimentos de irrigação (S1-S2); porém a CHX e o NaOCl promoveram as menores contagens de UFCs (P < 0,05). A PDT diminuiu significativamente a contagem bacteriana no grupo do soro fisiológico (S2-S3; P < 0,05). No modelo de biofilme multi-espécies, a menor quantidade de células vivas foi observada nos grupos CHX, CHX/PDT, NaOCl e NaOCl/PDT, sem diferenças entre si (P > 0,05). A PDT não reduziu o volume total de biofilme (P > 0,05); porém parece diminuir o biovolume e a quantidade de células vivas após irrigação com CHX 2% e NaOCl 2,5%. A terapia fotodinâmica associada ao soro fisiológico reduziu a carga bacteriana em canais infectados com E. faecalis. A PDT parece reduzir a quantidade e o volume de células vivas, mas não o volume total de células em biofilme multiespécies induzido in situ. Finalmente, o tipo de irrigante foi decisivo para dissolver biofilme multi-espécies.The aim of this study was to evaluate the antibacterial effect and the biofilm dissolution promoted by photodynamic therapy (PDT) associated with 2.5% NaOCl and 2% CHX over monospecies and multispecies biofilms. In monospecies biofilm model, forty-six mandibular premolars were contaminated with Enterococcus faecalis strains (ATCC 29212) broth culture for 21 days. Specimens were divided into three groups according to the irrigant used: saline, 2% of CHX and 2.5% of NaOCl. After irrigation with 5 mL of each irrigant, PDT was performed. Samples were collected at baseline (S1), after irrigation (S2) and after PDT (S3). In multispecies biofilm model, sixty bovine dentin blocs were infected intraorally, and divided into six groups: saline, saline/PDT, CHX, CHX/PDT, NaOCl and NaOCl/PDT. Confocal laser scanning microscopy was used to assess the percentage and the biovolume of live cells and the total biovolume. All groups reduced UFC’ counts after irrigation procedures (S1-S2); however CHX and NaOCl promoted the lowest UFCs counts (P < 0.05). PDT significantly reduced the bacterial counts in saline group (S2-S3; P < 0.05). In multispecies biofilm model, the lowest amount of live cells was observed in CHX, CHX/PDT, NaOCl and NaOCl/PDT groups, with no differences among them (P > 0.05). PDT did not reduce the total biovolume (P > 0.05); however it appears to decrease the biovolume and the amount of live cells after irrigation with 2% CHX and 2.5% NaOCl. PDT associated with saline reduced the bacterial load in canal infected with E. faecalis. PDT seems to reduce the amount and the biovolume of live cells, but did not reduce the total biovolume of cells in multispecies biofilm induced in situ. Finally, the irrigant was decisive to dissolve multispecies biofilm.
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Chettaoui, Rayane. "Activité anti-biofilm du cranberry et de l’un de ses métabolites envers Enterococcus faecalis dans un contexte d’infection urinaire." Thesis, Cergy-Pontoise, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017CERG0909.
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Escherichia coli et Enterococcus faecalis sont deux principaux agents pathogènes impliqués dans les infections du tractus urinaire (ITU) en médecine de ville et à l’hôpital. Ces espèces bactériennes sont responsables d’ITU aigües avec des phénomènes de récurrence et dans des ITU chroniques. La consommation d'antibiotiques est directement corrélée à la résistance des bactéries uropathogènes ce qui montre l'importance de contrôler l'utilisation des antibiotiques et de développer des traitements préventifs et curatifs alternatifs pour les infections urinaires.La consommation alimentaire de cranberry et de leurs extraits est traditionnellement associée avec le maintien en bonne santé des voies urinaires. Par ailleurs, certaines études cliniques semblent montrer un effet préventif des ITU associé à la consommation alimentaire de cranberry. In vitro et ex vivo, la consommation de ces extraits par l’homme réduit l’adhérence de certaines souches d’E. coli aux cellules épithéliales urinaires et la formation de biofilm de différentes espèces. L’hypothèse de travail est que la consommation alimentaire d’extraits de cranberry conduise à la formation de métabolites urinaires qui diminuent l'adhérence des bactéries uropathogènes à l’épithélium urinaire. Ce mécanisme serait à la base de la prévention des ITU par consommation d’extraits de cranberry. Cependant, les métabolites bioactifs restent largement méconnusEscherichia coli and Enterococcus faecalis are two main pathogens involved in urinary tract infections (ITU) in town medicine and in the hospital. These bacterial species are responsible for acute UTIs with recurrence phenomena and in chronic ITUs. The consumption of antibiotics is directly correlated with the resistance of uropathogenic bacteria, which shows the importance of controlling the use of antibiotics and of developing alternative preventive and curative treatments for urinary infections.Cranberry consumption of their extracts is traditionally associated with the maintenance of healthy urinary tract. In addition, some clinical studies seem to show a preventive effect of ITUs associated with cranberry consumption. In vitro and ex vivo, the consumption of these extracts by humans reduces the adhesion of certain E. coli strains to urinary epithelial cells and biofilm formation of different species. The working hypothesis is that the consumption of cranberry extracts leads to the formation of urinary metabolites that decrease the adhesion of uropathogenic bacteria to the urinary epithelium. This mechanism would be the basis for the prevention of ITU by consumption of cranberry extracts. However, bioactive metabolites remain largely unknown
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Ardalan, Cyrous. "A Comparative Study of Intraradicular Enterococcus Faecalis Biofilm Removal with Three Root Canal Treatment Systems: A Scanning Electron Microscopy Evaluation." VCU Scholars Compass, 2017. http://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/4741.
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The objective of this study was to evaluate the biofilm removal efficacy of three root canal treatment systems: ProUltra® PiezoFlow™, traditional needle irrigation, and the GentleWave® system in an ex-vivo benchtop study. Twenty-four extracted maxillary and mandibular molars were selected. Teeth were all instrumented to a master apical file size #25 with 4% taper. Teeth were then randomly divided into four experimental groups and two control groups. The root canals were inoculated with a culture of Enterococcus faecalis and incubated for five weeks to form a biofilm. Each group was then treated with one of the different root canal treatment systems using 6% sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) as per the respective manufacturer’s recommendation followed by a rinse with water. Following treatment, teeth were decoronated and roots were sectioned longitudinally. Three scanning electron microscope images were taken at the apical level per root half at 5000x magnification. Images were scored by four calibrated examiners blind to group membership using a four-point scoring system (<5% coverage, 5-33%, 34-66%, and >66%). Results were analyzed using mixed model ANOVA. All the experimental groups were significantly better than the positive control group in removing biofilm. Among the experimental groups, the GentleWave® 15/04 group was significantly better than the other groups. There was no significant difference between the GentleWave® and the ProUltra® PiezoFlow™. Traditional needle irrigation scored the worst in reducing E. faecalis biofilm. The GentleWave™ system was as effective at intracanal biofilm removal as the ProUltra® PiezoFlow™ and better than traditional needle irrigation using 6% NaOCl as an irrigant.
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Hüfner, Alexander [Verfasser]. "Auswirkungen von kaltem Atmosphärendruckplasma und Natriumhypochlorit auf einen Enterococcus faecalis Biofilm: Eine in vitro Studie in humanen Zähnen / Alexander Hüfner." Greifswald : Universitätsbibliothek Greifswald, 2018. http://d-nb.info/1149857579/34.
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Zimmermann, Felix [Verfasser], Tina [Akademischer Betreuer] Rödig, Sabine [Gutachter] Sennhenn-kirchner, and Martin [Gutachter] Oppermann. "Antibakterielle Wirksamkeit schall- und ultraschallaktivierter Wurzelkanalspülungen auf einen Enterococcus faecalis-Biofilm / Felix Zimmermann ; Gutachter: Sabine Sennhenn-kirchner, Martin Oppermann ; Betreuer: Tina Rödig." Göttingen : Niedersächsische Staats- und Universitätsbibliothek Göttingen, 2018. http://d-nb.info/116814843X/34.
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Domingues, Nádia [UNESP]. "Avaliação de extratos de plantas medicinais em biofilmes multiespécie de Candida albicans com Streptococcus mutans, Staphylococcus aureus, Enterococcus faecalis e Pseudomonas aeruginosa." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/153356.
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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)
Os micro-organismos estão cada vez mais resistentes aos medicamentos disponíveis tanto na medicina quanto na odontologia, e esta resistência é ainda maior quando estão organizados em biofilmes mono ou multiespécies, de modo que o estudo de antimicrobianos alternativos, como fitoterápicos, estão em crescente ascensão. A interação entre leveduras e bactérias está intimamente presente na cavidade bucal, em que nichos como dentes, língua, mucosa e bolsa periodontal, nutrientes e temperatura adequados promovem condições favoráveis para formação do biofilme. Com isso, o objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a atividade antimicrobiana dos extratos de Pfaffia paniculata K (pfaffia), Hamamelis virginiana L. (hamamelis), Stryphnodendron barbatiman (barbatimão) e Gymnema sylvestre (gimena) em biofilmes heterotípicos de Candida albicans (ATCC 18804) com Streptococcus mutans (ATCC 35688), Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 6538), Enterococcus faecalis (ATCC 4083) e Pseudomonas aeruginosa (ATCC 15442). Para isso, suspensões padronizadas em 107 cels/mL dos micro-organismos testes, foram distribuídos em placas de microtitulação de 96 poços, juntamente 100 µL de caldo BHI. As placas foram incubadas em estufa bacteriológica a 37ºC/48h (5% de CO2 para S. mutans) e, após, os biofilmes foram submetidos ao tratamento com os extratos por 5 min e 24 h, nas respectivas concentrações de 100 mg/mL, 50 mg/mL e 25 mg/mL. Foi utilizado solução salina 0,9% (5 min) ou caldo BHI (24 h) nos grupos controles. Após, os biofilmes foram lavados e desagregados do fundo da placa e diluições seriadas foram semeadas em ágar seletivo para cada micro-organismo. Foram realizadas contagens de UFC/mL (log10) após 24 h de incubação e analisadas estatisticamente pelo método Kruskal-Wallis suplementado pelo teste de Dun’s (p<0.05). Os resultados obtidos indicaram reduções significativas promovidas pelos extratos nos dois tempos de tratamento analisados. Foi observado que o extrato de H. virginiana apresentou redução de todos os grupos analisados no tempo de tratamento de 24 h. Conclui-se que os extratos de P. paniculata, H. virginiana, S. barbatiman e G. sylvestre apresentaram ação antimicrobiana sobre biofilmes muliespécie de C. albicans com as bactérias de interesse médico-odontológico, nos tempos de tratamento de 5 min e 24 h.
Microorganisms are increasingly resistant to drugs available in both medicine and dentistry, and this resistance is even greater when they are organized into mono or multispecies biofilms, so that the study of alternative antimicrobials, such as herbal medicines, are on the rise. The interaction between yeasts and bacteria is intimately present in the oral cavity, in which niches such as teeth, tongue, mucosa and periodontal pocket, food and adequate temperature promote adequate conditions for biofilm formation. The aim of this study was to evaluate the antimicrobial activity of extracts of Pfaffia paniculata K., Hamamelis virginiana L., Gymnema sylvestre and Stryphnodendron barbatiman M. in heterotopic biofilms of Candida albicans (ATCC 18804) with Streptococcus mutans (ATCC 35688). Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 6538), Enterococcus faecalis (ATCC 4083), and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (ATCC 15442). Standardized suspensions at 107 cells/mL of the test microorganisms were distributed in 96 well microtiter plates together with 100 μL of BHI broth, the plates were incubated in a bacteriological oven at 37°C/48h (5% CO2 for S. mutans). After the incubation time, treatments were performed at 5 min and 24 h times, applying the respective extracts at the concentrations of 100 mg, 50 mg and 25 mg/mL and applying 0.9% saline solution or BHI broth in the control groups. After the biofilms were washed and disaggregated from the bottom of the plate, performing serial dilutions for later seeding in selective agar. UFC/ml (log10) counts were performed after 24 h of incubation and statistically analyzed Kruskal-Wallis method supplemented by the Dun's test (p<0.05%). The obtained results indicated significant reductions promoted by extracts in the two treatment times analyzed. It was observed that the extract of H. virginiana showed reduction of all the analyzed groups without treatment time of 24 h. It is concluded that the extracts of P. paniculata, H. virginiana, S. barbatiman and G. sylvestre presented antimicrobial action after analysis of the heterotypic biofilms of C. albicans with the bacteria of medical and dental interest, in the treatment times of 5 min and 24 h.
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Thieme, Lara [Verfasser], Mathias [Gutachter] Pletz, Michael [Gutachter] Bauer, and Annette [Gutachter] Moter. "Evaluation of treatment options for Enterococcus faecalis endocarditis by assessing synergistic and anti-biofilm effects / Lara Thieme ; Gutachter: Mathias Pletz, Michael Bauer, Annette Moter." Jena : Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena, 2021. http://d-nb.info/1238142214/34.
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Senechal, Annie. "Initial stages of adhesion of enterococcus faecalis responsible for biofilm formation on medical devices : quantification of bacterial adhesion and measurement of cell-surface interaction forces." Thesis, McGill University, 2003. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=80142.
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The presence of a microbial biofilm on medical implants and devices remains a serious clinical problem since it can increase the risk of infection. To prevent biofilm formation, it is important to study the initial stages of bacterial adhesion. The aim of this study was to compare the initial interactions of the uropathogen Enterococcus faecalis with different medical grade polymers. To accomplish this, kinetics of E. faecalis adhesion were followed using a DNA quantification assay. The influence of biomaterial surface properties, including surface wettability and roughness, was investigated. Moreover, the distribution and morphology of the adhered bacteria were studied. Finally, quantification of bacterial adhesion forces was achieved using AFM through cell detachment measurements.The results showed significant differences in E. faecalis adhesion between the studied polymers suggesting that precautions should be made for the choice of polymers in the design of medical applications in order to prevent subsequent biofilm formation.
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Cambronel, Melyssa. "Analyse de la réponse physiologique et génétique de Pseudomonas aeruginosa et Enterococcus faecalis envers l'épinéphine et recherche de senseurs putatifs. Epinephrine affects motility, and increases adhesion, biofilm and virulence of Pseudomonas aeruginosa H103 Influence of catecholamines (epinephrine/norepinephrine) on biofilm formation and adhesion in pathogenic and probiotic strains of Enterococcus faecalis Evaluation of probiotic properties and safety of Enterococcus faecium isolated from artisanal Tunisian meat "dried ossban" Probiotic potential and safety evaluation of Enterococcus faecalis OB14 and OB15, isolated from traditional Tunisian Testouri cheese and Rigouta, using physiological and genomic analysis Draft genome sequence of Enterococcus faecalis strain OB15, a probiotic strain recently isolated from "Tunisian Rigouta Cheese"." Thesis, Normandie, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019NORMR106.
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L’endocrinologie microbienne a pour objet d’étude les interactions qui peuvent survenir entre les bactéries et les molécules sécrétées par l’hôte. Pseudomonas aeruginosa et Enterococcus faecalis sont deux pathogènes opportunistes impliqués dans des infections nosocomiales. Leur présence au sein du corps humain, les place donc au contact de molécules eucaryotes, dont les catécholamines (épinéphrine et norépinéphrine) qui sont produites en cas de réponse « combat-fuite » mais aussi lors de trauma, ou d’actes chirurgicaux. Ces substances sont connues pour être capables de moduler la physiologie bactérienne, notamment la virulence et la formation de biofilm. Les travaux menés au cours de cette thèse ont permis de montrer que l’épinéphrine pouvait moduler la physiologie de P. aeruginosa et de souches probiotiques et pathogènes d’E. faecalis. L’épinéphrine stimule, entres autres, la formation de biofilm et l’adhésion et pourrait, chez P. aeruginosa, jouer le rôle de xénosidérophore, favorisant ainsi la mise en place d’une infection par un apport de fer. Nous avons aussi émis l’hypothèse de la présence de senseurs adrénergiques putatifs, respectivement chez P. aeruginosa et E. faecalis, PmrB et VicK. Ces travaux de thèse ont permis d’approfondir les connaissances sur la communication hôte/pathogènes, et de mieux connaître l’effet de l’épinéphrine sur des bactéries présentes au sein du microbiote humain. Ceci pourrait permettre à l’avenir d’aider à la découverte de nouvelles cibles thérapeutiquesMicrobial endocrinology studies the interactions that can occur between bacteria and molecules secreted by the host. Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Enterococcus faecalis are two opportunistic pathogens involved in nosocomial infections. Their presence in the human body puts them in contact with eukaryotic molecules, including catecholamines (epinephrine andnorepinephrine) which are produced in the event of a "Fight of Flight" response but also during trauma or surgical procedures. These substances are known to be able to modulate bacterial physiology, including virulence and biofilm formation. The present study has shown that epinephrine could modulate the physiology of P. aeruginosa and E. faecalis probiotic and pathogenic strains. Epinephrine stimulates, among other things, biofilm formation andadherence, and could play, in P. aeruginosa, the role of xenosiderophore, thus promoting the development of infection by iron intake. We also hypothesized the presence of putative adrenergic sensors in P. aeruginosa and E. faecalis, PmrB and VicK, respectively. This work has increased our knowledge on host/pathogen communication and the effect of epinephrine on bacteria within the human microbiota. This may help in the future to discover novel therapeutic targets
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Vasconcelos, Rodrigo Arruda. "Estudo do pH e atividade antimicrobiana sobre Enterococcus faecalis de medicação intracanal à base de hidróxido de cálcio associada ao óleo de melaleuca, clorexidina ou farnesol /." Araraquara, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/138887.
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Orientador: Juliane Maria Guerreiro TanomaruBanca: Denise M Spolidorio
Banca: Flaviana Bombarda de Andrade
Resumo: Medicações intracanal (MIC) são utilizadas para complementar a desinfecção do sistema de canais radiculares. A associação de antimicrobianos ao hidróxido de cálcio visa aumentar sua ação. As MIC (Capítulo 1) hidróxido de cálcio (HC)/óleo de melaleuca (OM) 4,5%/polietilenoglicol 400 (PL), HC/OM 9%/PL, HC/CLX 0,4%/PL e HC/PL (Capítulo 2) HC/farnesol (FAR) 4,5%/PL, HC/FAR 9%/PL e HC/PL foram analisadas. O teste de contato direto sobre células planctônicas (Capítulos 1 e 2) foi realizado utilizando suspensões das MIC. O teste de contato direto das MIC sobre briofilme (Capítulo 2) foi realizado em blocos de dentina bovina (5mm x 5mm x 0,7mm) com biofilme de Enterococcus faecalis induzidos por 15 dias e contato com as suspensões das MIC por 6 horas. A efetividade antibacteriana (Capítulos 1 e 2) foi avaliada em canais radiculares de dentes de humanos extraídos. Canais radiculares de dentes unirradiculares padronizados em 15mm foram preparados até MTwo #40/.04 e contaminados com E. faecalis por 21 dias. As MIC foram mantidas no canal durante 7 dias. A primeira coleta (C1) foi realizada após período de contaminação, a segunda coleta (C2), imediatamente após a remoção das MIC e terceira coleta (C3), realizada 7 dias após a remoção das MIC. Foi realizada contagem de UFCmL-1. O pH foi avaliado após preenchimento de tubos de polietileno (Capítulos 1 e 2) com as pastas por 12 horas, 1, 3, 7, 14, 21 e 28 dias. A difusão de íons hidroxila por meio de dentina bovina (Capítulos 1 e 2) foi ava... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)
Abstract: Intracanal medications (ICM) are used to complement desinfection of the root canal system. The association of antimicrobials to calcium hydroxide aims to improve its action. The ICM (Chapter 1) calcium hydroxide (CH)/tea tree oil (TTO) 4.5%/polyethylene glycol 400 (PL), CH/TTO 9%/PL, CH/chlorhexidine (CHX) 0.4%/PL e CH/PL (Chapter 2) CH/farnesol (FAR) 4.5%/PL, CH/FAR 9%/PL and HC/PL were analysed. Direct contact test against E. faecalis planktonic cells (Chapters 1 and 2) was performed by using suspension of ICM. Direct contact test on biofilm (Chapter 2) was performed on bovine dentin blocks (5mm x 5mm x 0.7mm) with E. faecalis biofilms induced by 15 days and contact with the suspensions of ICM for 6 hours. Antibacterial effectiveness was evaluated in root canals of extracted human teeth (Chapters 1 e 2). Standardized single-rooted teeth with 15mm were prepared up to #40/.04 MTwo and contaminated with E. faecalis for 21 days. As ICM were kept within the root canals for 7 days. The first sample (S1) was performed after contamination, S2 immediately after the ICM removal and S3 7 days after the ICM removal.It was performed UFCmL-1 count. pH was evaluated after filling the polyethylene tubes (Chapter 1 and 2) with the ICM for 12 hours, 1, 3, 7, 14, 21 and 28 days. The diffusion of hydroxyl ions through the bovine dentin (Chapters 1 and 2) was evaluated after filling root canals of bovine teeth after 1, 3, 7, 14, 21, 28 and 60 days. Data was statistically analyzed using ANOVA an... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
Mestre
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Endres, Sarah [Verfasser], Tina [Akademischer Betreuer] [Gutachter] Rödig, and Ralf [Gutachter] Bürgers. "Antibakterielle Wirksamkeit der photodynamischen Therapie bei verschiedenen Insertionstiefen einer LED-Lichtquelle anhand eines Enterococcus faecalis-Biofilm-Modells / Sarah Endres ; Gutachter: Tina Rödig, Ralf Bürgers ; Betreuer: Tina Rödig." Göttingen : Niedersächsische Staats- und Universitätsbibliothek Göttingen, 2017. http://d-nb.info/1139170600/34.
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Gómez, Loayza Carmen Rocio. "Evaluación in vitro de la eficacia antimicrobiana del Hipoclorito de Calcio al 2,5% y el Hipoclorito de Sodio al 2,5% sobre un Biofilm de Enterococcus faecalis y Candida albicans." Bachelor's thesis, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, 2017. https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12672/6313.
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Evalúa la eficacia antimicrobiana del hipoclorito de calcio al 2,5% y el hipoclorito de sodio al 2,5% sobre un biofilm conformado por Enterococcus faecalis y Candida albicans ,donde primero se reactivan las cepas de Enterococcus faecalis y Cándida albicans luego se inoculan las colonias por separado en la escala de Mc Farland en el estándar de turbidez n°0,5 para asegurar una cantidad de 108 (UFC/ml) y luego son combinadas en 5 ml de solución salina, seguidamente se siembra este biofilm formado en Agar BHI, para lo cual se usan 10 placas Petri con 4 discos estériles en cada placa embebidas por separado en las soluciones de hipoclorito de sodio al 2,5% e hipoclorito de calcio al 2,5%, se usa como control positivo al hipoclorito de sodio al 5.25% y agua destilada para el control negativo. Luego de su incubación a 37°C por 24 horas se realiza la medición de los halos de inhibición correspondientes.Tesis
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Gómez, Loayza Carmen Rocio, and Loayza Carmen Rocio Gómez. "Evaluación in vitro de la eficacia antimicrobiana del Hipoclorito de Calcio al 2,5% y el Hipoclorito de Sodio al 2,5% sobre un Biofilm de Enterococcus faecalis y Candida albicans." Bachelor's thesis, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, 2017. http://cybertesis.unmsm.edu.pe/handle/cybertesis/6313.
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Evalúa la eficacia antimicrobiana del hipoclorito de calcio al 2,5% y el hipoclorito de sodio al 2,5% sobre un biofilm conformado por Enterococcus faecalis y Candida albicans ,donde primero se reactivan las cepas de Enterococcus faecalis y Cándida albicans luego se inoculan las colonias por separado en la escala de Mc Farland en el estándar de turbidez n°0,5 para asegurar una cantidad de 108 (UFC/ml) y luego son combinadas en 5 ml de solución salina, seguidamente se siembra este biofilm formado en Agar BHI, para lo cual se usan 10 placas Petri con 4 discos estériles en cada placa embebidas por separado en las soluciones de hipoclorito de sodio al 2,5% e hipoclorito de calcio al 2,5%, se usa como control positivo al hipoclorito de sodio al 5.25% y agua destilada para el control negativo. Luego de su incubación a 37°C por 24 horas se realiza la medición de los halos de inhibición correspondientes.Tesis
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Hoffmann, Carolin Yvonne [Verfasser], Tina [Akademischer Betreuer] Rödig, Ralf [Akademischer Betreuer] Bürgers, and Rainer [Akademischer Betreuer] Mausberg. "In-vitro-Analyse der antimikrobiellen Effektivität von Octenidol, Natriumhypochlorit und Chlorhexidin gegen Enterococcus faecalis anhand eines intrakanalären Biofilm-Modells / Carolin Yvonne Hoffmann. Betreuer: Tina Rödig. Gutachter: Tina Rödig ; Ralf Bürgers ; Rainer Mausberg." Göttingen : Niedersächsische Staats- und Universitätsbibliothek Göttingen, 2016. http://d-nb.info/1085592375/34.
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Eberl, Monika Diana [Verfasser], Tina [Akademischer Betreuer] Rödig, Tina [Gutachter] Rödig, and Sabine [Gutachter] Sennhenn-Kirchner. "Vergleich der antibakteriellen Effektivität vier unterschiedlicher Techniken zur Aktivierung der Wurzelkanalspülung (Hand, Ultraschall, RinsEndo®, EndoVac®) auf Enterococcus faecalis anhand eines Wurzelkanal-Biofilm-Modells / Monika Diana Eberl ; Gutachter: Tina Rödig, Sabine Sennhenn-Kirchner ; Betreuer: Tina Rödig." Göttingen : Niedersächsische Staats- und Universitätsbibliothek Göttingen, 2018. http://d-nb.info/1153606968/34.
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Stenhouse, Mark. "Investigation of the effect of rapid and slow external pH increases on Enterococcus faecalis biofilm grown on dentine." Thesis, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/2440/71967.
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Objectives: Calcium hydroxide is a common endodontic medicament that produces a localized rise in hydroxyl ion concentration. Enterococcus faecalis has shown some resistance to calcium hydroxide. The aim of this study was to compare the survival of an E. faecalis biofilm that had been grown on dentine when exposed to rapid or slow increases in external pH.
Method: A flow cell apparatus was used to grow single species E. faecalis biofilm on dentine discs. Following four weeks growth in Todd Hewitt Broth (THB), flow cells were exposed to either a rapid or slow increase to pH 11.5 or 12.5 using pH buffered growth medium. After four days exposure to pH 11.5 or 12.5, the flow cells were dismantled and the dentine discs were sonicated in saline solution to dislodge the attached biofilm. Viability of E. faecalis was established by serial dilution and plating onto THB agar plates. Viability was then normalised to total protein as determined by protein assay. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and confocal laser microscopy (CLSM) was also carried out to qualitatively observe the effects of the different rates of pH increase.
Results: A significant difference in viability between a slow or rapid increase in pH has not been shown by this study. pH 12.5 solutions were more effective at killing bacteria than pH 11.5 but even at this high pH some E. faecalis still survived. Exposure to high pH drastically reduced the numbers of bacteria observed on the dentine discs by SEM and CLSM although some did persist.
Conclusion: Based on the results of this study, E. faecalis located at sites within the root canal where a slower rise in pH is likely following application of a high pH medicament such as calcium hydroxide, do not seem any more likely to undergo an adaptive response that will increase their resistance and survival than the same bacteria in locations where the pH rise will be rapid. The demonstrated survival of E. faecalis in a high pH environment similar to that experienced clinically may help explain the problems associated with current treatment protocols when retreating root filled teeth.Thesis (D.Clin.Dent.) -- University of Adelaide, School of Dentistry, 2011
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Chang, Shyang-Yuan, and 張祥源. "Biofilm formation enhances Enterococcus faecalis survived after treatment with irrigants." Thesis, 2013. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/58159284051027849678.
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碩士中國醫藥大學
牙醫學系碩士班
101
Enterococcus faecalisis the most important pathogen leading to persistent and secondary infections of root canal-treated teeth. The formation of biofilm protects E. faecalis from the eradication by intracanal medicaments. The aim of this study was to investigate the role of biofilm in E. faecalis isolated from patients with root canal retreatment in impeding irrigants–chlorhexidine (CHX) and sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl). A total of 13 E. faecalis were isolated from patients with failed root canals retreatment and were enrolled in this study. Microbiological investigation of available E. faecalis isolates was performed by bacterial biofilm assay and morphological observation. Our results showed that the activities of biofilm formation by the E. faecalis isolated from root canals were highly diverse. E. faecalis with higher biofilm activity exhibited more resistant to irrigants than lower biofilm formation strain. Confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) observation showed that bacterial biofilms were intact of higher biofilm E. faecalis upon treated with CHX. These results demonstrated that E. faecalis harbors biofilm formation activity that encapsulated bacteria in extracellular polysaccharide, which may lead to enhanced bacteria resistant to irrigant eradicate, subsequently induced persistent infection in canal roots.
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Plutzer, Barbara. "Comparative efficacy of endodontic medicaments against Enterococcus faecalis biofilms." 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/2440/56427.
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It is well established that bacteria cause pulpal and periradicular disease (Kakehashi et al. 1965). Of the bacteria recovered from failing root canals, Enterococcus faecalis is one of the most prevalent species (Molander et al. 1998; Sundqvist et al. 1998). Many laboratory studies have investigated the effectiveness of root canal irrigants and medicaments against E. faecalis. Most used planktonic cultures, which are not representative of the in vivo growth conditions of an infected root canal system, where bacteria grow as a biofilm adhering to the dentinal wall (Nair 1987). Organisation of bacteria within biofilms confers a range of phenotypic properties that are not evident in their planktonic counterparts, including a markedly reduced susceptibility to antimicrobial killing (Wilson 1996). Objectives: The aims of this study were: 1) To compare the efficacy of commonly used endodontic medicaments against E. faecalis cultured as a biofilm. The medicaments tested were Ledermix paste, calcium hydroxide, Odontopaste, 0.2% chlorhexidine gel and 50:50 combinations of Ledermix/calcium hydroxide and Odontopaste/calcium hydroxide. 2) To compare the antimicrobial effect achieved through exposure to endodontic medicaments with that achieved by exposure to a constant concentration of sodium hypochlorite for varying times. Methods: A biofilm was established using a continuous flow cell. E. faecalis inoculum was introduced into the flow cell and allowed to establish on human dentine slices over 4 weeks. Each test medicament was introduced into the flow cell for a period of 24 or 48 hours, while sodium hypochlorite was evaluated after 1, 10, 30 and 60 minutes. Biofilms were harvested by sonication in sterile PBS. Cellular protein levels were measured to quantitate the amount of biofilm harvested. Cellular viability was determined using serial plating. The number of colony forming units was then adjusted for cellular protein levels to allow treatment protocols to be compared. Qualitative SEM analyses of the biofilm was performed following exposure to each test agent. Results: Sodium hypochlorite was the only agent that achieved total bacterial elimination. Ledermix and Odontopaste had no significant effect on the E. faecalis biofilm, while calcium hydroxide and 50:50 combinations of calcium hydroxide with either Ledermix or Odontopaste were able to reduce viability by > 99%. Conclusion: When used in isolation, antibiotic containing medicaments had no appreciable effect on the viability of Enterococcus faecalis. Sodium hypochlorite remains the gold standard for bacterial elimination in root canal therapy.Thesis (D.Clin.Dent.) -- University of Adelaide, School of Dentistry, 2009
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Kwan, Daryl A. "Reduction of enterococcus faecalis biofilm by blue light and sodium hypochlorite." Thesis, 2017. https://doi.org/10.7912/C2465N.
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Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI)Introduction: Microbial biofilms have been shown to be a cause of persistent endodontic infections. It is more resistant than planktonic bacteria to host immune defenses and antimicrobials. Studies indicate that photodynamic light therapy (PDT), which involves using light at specific wavelengths, has a potent antibacterial effect on bacterial biofilm. PDT is an antimicrobial strategy that involves the use of a nontoxic photosensitizer (PS) along with a light source. The excited PS reacts with molecular oxygen to produce highly reactive oxygen species, which induce injury or death to microorganisms. PSs have a high degree of selectivity for inhibiting microorganisms without negatively affecting host mammalian cells. PDT has been suggested as an adjuvant to conventional endodontic treatment. Studies at IUSD have shown that blue light at 380 nm to 440 nm has the ability to inactivate Streptococcus mutans biofilm without any exogenous PS. Objective: The objective of this study was to determine the effectiveness of blue light at 380 nm to 440 nm to reduce adherence of Enterococcus faecalis biofilm after NaOCl irrigation at various concentrations. Materials and Methods: E. faecalis biofilm was established for 72 hours in 96- well flat-bottom microtiter plates using Tryptic Soy Broth supplemented with 1.0-percent sucrose (TSBS). Biofilm was irradiated with blue light for 5 minutes before exposure to various concentrations of NaOCl for 30 seconds. A crystal violet biofilm assay was used to determine relative density of the biofilm. Data were analyzed with two-way ANOVA and Sidak-adjusted multiple comparisons using a 5.0-percent significance level. Null Hypothesis: Blue light and NaOCl will not have an effect against E. faecalis biofilm adherence. Results: Overall, there was a significant effect (p < 0.05) for NaOCl and a significant effect for blue light. The effects of the combination of NaOCl and blue light were also significant. Conclusion: We reject the null hypothesis and accept the alternative hypothesis that blue light when used in conjunction with NaOCl will reduce adherence of E. faecalis biofilm.
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Zimmermann, Felix. "Antibakterielle Wirksamkeit schall- und ultraschallaktivierter Wurzelkanalspülungen auf einen Enterococcus faecalis-Biofilm." Doctoral thesis, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/11858/00-1735-0000-002E-E4A5-F.
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Kindler, Justin K. "Use of electromagnetic stimulation on an Enterococcus faecalis biofilm in root canal treated teeth in vitro." Thesis, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/1805/19654.
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Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI)Introduction: Nonsurgical root canal therapy procedures aim to reduce the total microbial load within an infected root canal system through chemomechanical debridement of the root canal system via instrumentation in conjunction with an antibacterial irrigating solution. The most commonly used irrigant is sodium hypochlorite, often at concentrations toxic to human cells. Electromagnetic wave irradiation is a novel method of disinfection that has been shown to be bactericidal against planktonic microorganisms in solution, but its efficacy against an established biofilm is unknown. Pilot studies have demonstrated a synergistic killing effect with sodium hypochlorite through a process termed electromagnetic stimulation (EMS). If confirmed, lower concentrations of the current gold standard of 6.0-percent sodium hypochlorite could be used to irrigate infected root canals during endodontic treatment, resulting in less toxicity to human cells. There are also regenerative implications as EMS could be used to disinfect the root canals of immature teeth using 1.5-percent sodium hypochlorite, as recommended by the American Association of Endodontists. Objectives: The purpose of this in-vitro study was to evaluate the anti-biofilm effect of EMS against an established biofilm of Enterococcus faecalis. Materials and Methods: Single rooted teeth were cut to a standardized length (12 mm) and instrumented with a 45.05 Wave One Gold reciprocating file. Specimens were sterilized and inoculated with E. faecalis, which grew for two weeks to form an established biofilm. There were five treatment groups: 1) 6.0-percent sodium hypochlorite; 2) 1.5-percent sodium hypochlorite; 3) 1.5-percent sodium hypochlorite with EMS; 4) 0.9-percent saline with EMS and 5) 0.9-percent saline. Samples were collected, plated, and incubated for two days. The number of CFUs/mL was determined and converted to log10. The effect of treatment group on bacterial counts was made using Wilcoxon Rank Sums Test. One sample per group was scored and split for confocal imaging. Null Hypothesis: Teeth treated with EMS in combination with 1.5-percent sodium hypochlorite or 0.9-percent saline will not demonstrate a significant anti-biofilm effect in comparison to those treated with 6.0-percent sodium hypochlorite alone. Results: 0.9-percent saline and 0.9-percent saline with EMS were significantly higher than 6.0-percent NaOCl, 1.5-percent NaOCl, and 1.5-percent NaOCl with EMS. 0.9-percent saline was significantly higher than 0.9-percent saline with EMS. The three groups that included treatment with NaOCl were not significantly different from each other. Confocal imaging confirmed the CFU findings. Conclusion: Because there was no growth in any of the NaOCl groups, the null hypothesis cannot be rejected. However, there was an antibiofilm effect when comparing the two saline groups, demonstrating that EMS has an antibiofilm effect. Future studies should focus on determining what concentration of NaOCl is most effective in combination with EMS.
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Seet, Aaron Nicholas. "An in-vitro evaluation of the effectiveness of endodontic irrigants, with and without sonic and laser activation, in the eradication of Enterococcus faecalis biofilm." Thesis, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/2440/70448.
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Introduction:
It is well established that the causative agent of endodontic disease is the presence and growth of bacteria (Kakehashi et al., 1965; Möller et al., 1981). Therefore, eradication of bacteria is essential to prevent or eliminate apical periodontitis. Studies have shown that elimination of bacteria prior to obturation has resulted in a more favourable outcome for endodontic therapy (Sjögren et al., 1997). When endodontic treatment fails, bacteria is often isolated from the root canals of these teeth. One of the most commonly isolated bacteria is Enterococcus faecalis (Molander et al., 1998; Sundqvist et al, 1998). As such, endodontic therapy is founded upon three principles: mechanical instrumentation; irrigation with antimicrobial agents and placement of an intracanal medicament (Haapasalo et al., 2005). However, the complex anatomy of the root canal system often prevents the penetration of irrigants and medicaments into recesses that cannot be accessed by mechanical instrumentation. The advent of sonic, ultrasonic and laser instruments has led to many investigations looking at their potential for the activation of irrigants (Lee et al., 2004; de Gregorio et al., 2009; De Moor et al., 2009). However, most of these studies have concentrated on the removal of dentinal debris and smear layer (Lee et al., 2004).
Aim:
The aim of this study was to evaluate and compare the effectiveness of three modes of irrigation: syringe irrigation; sonic activation and laser activation of the irrigant in eradicating E. faecalis that had been cultivated within the root canals of extracted single rooted teeth.
Methodology:
A flow cell was designed and constructed. The extracted teeth were decoronated, and prepared with rotary instruments to #40 to 1 mm beyond the apex of the tooth. This was to allow nutrient media to flow through the root canals. The flow cell was connected to a nutrient reservoir containing Todd Hewitt Broth, which was pumped into the flow cell via a peristaltic pump. The flow cell was inoculated with E. faecalis (ATCC 700802) and cultivated for a period of four weeks. The flow cell was then dismantled and the teeth were assigned to 6 treatment groups:
1. syringe irrigation with saline
2. syringe irrigation with 4% sodium hypochlorite
3. sonic activation of saline (EndoActivator, Dentsply)
4. sonic activation of 4% sodium hypochlorite
5. laser activation of saline (Er,Cr:YSGG Waterlase, Biolase Technology)
6. laser activation of 4% sodium hypochlorite
Teeth were irrigated with 5 ml of either saline or 4% sodium hypochlorite for 1 minute. The 4% sodium hypochlorite solution was inactivated with 5% sodium thiosulphate. Teeth that received sonic activation were irrigated by hand for 5 seconds, followed by 10 seconds of sonic activation, and this was repeated four times over 1 minute. Laser activation of the irrigants was also performed. Irrigant was introduced into the canal for 10 seconds, followed by 5 seconds of laser activation, (0.25W, 20 Hz) this cycle was repeated four times. Teeth were then crushed and serial dilutions were performed to determine the number of viable bacteria (CFU/ml) remaining in the root canals. Protein assays were conducted to quantitate the amount of biofilm obtained. Samples were also taken from each treatment group and the radicular dentinal surfaces of the root canals were viewed under scanning electron microscopy (SEM).
Results:
The root canals that were syringe irrigated with saline were the positive controls. Activation of the irrigants with either the sonic or laser instruments resulted in reduced cellular viability of E. faecalis. The most dramatic reduction in viability of E. faecalis was seen when the Er,Cr:YSGG laser was used to activate 4% sodium hypochlorite, resulting in 99.93% ± 0.14% percentage kill. SEM analysis showed that sonic activation with saline only caused minimal disruption to the biofilm. Teeth irrigated with sodium hypochlorite showed fewer bacterial cells on the radicular dentine but was not effective in eliminating E. faecalis that had invaded the dentinal tubules. Laser activation of sodium hypochlorite resulted in clean dentine walls and minimal bacteria within the dentinal tubules.
Conclusion:
Sonic or laser activation of an antimicrobial irrigant resulted in more effective bacterial elimination compared to hand irrigation. Compared to syringe irrigation and sonic activation of sodium hypochlorite, laser activation of sodium hypochlorite was able to effectively disinfect the root canal.Thesis (D.Clin.Dent.) -- University of Adelaide, School of Dentistry, 2011
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Broady, Adam B. "Effectiveness of ozonated water irrigation against an established Enterococcus faecalis biofilm in root canal treated teeth in vitro." Thesis, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/1805/23181.
Full textAbstract:
Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI)Introduction: One of the main objectives of endodontic therapy is to reduce microbes and remove inflamed pulpal tissue within the root canal system (RCS). This is accomplished through chemomechanical debridement of the RCS using hand and rotary instrumentation along with an antimicrobial irrigant. Today, the most commonly used irrigant is sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl), often at concentrations toxic to human cells. The use of ozone as an endodontic irrigant is a novel technique that has been proven to be antimicrobial against several microorganisms. However, independent research is lacking on ozone’s efficacy against an established endodontic biofilm. If ozone’s efficacy against biofilms is confirmed, the use of toxic and potentially dangerous sodium hypochlorite could be replaced in some clinical situations (i.e., regeneration, immature teeth, resorption) with a safer and effective alternative. Objective: The aim of the current study was to evaluate the anti-biofilm activity of different concentrations of ozonated water compared to various concentrations of NaOCl against an established endodontic biofilm of Enterococcus faecalis in root canal treated teeth in vitro. Materials and Methods: The crowns of similarly sized, maxillary anterior teeth were removed, and the roots cut to a standard length (12 mm). All root canals were instrumented to a standard size. Specimens were sterilized and then inoculated with E. faecalis, which were allowed to grow for two weeks to form an established biofilm. There were six treatment groups: 1) 6% NaOCl; 2) 1.5% NaOCl; 3) 16µg/mL ozonated water; 4) 25µg/mL ozonated water; 5) 50µg/mL ozonated water, and 6) saline. Following treatment, samples were collected, plated, and incubated for two days. The number of CFU/mL were determined, and samples visualized using confocal imaging. The effect of treatment group on bacterial counts was made using one-way ANOVA followed by pair-wise comparisons. Null Hypothesis: Endodontically treated teeth irrigated with ozonated water will not demonstrate a statistically significant decrease in the E. faecalis biofilm compared to those treated with sodium hypochlorite Results: CFUs were converted to log10 and compared using Fisher’s Exact tests or one-way ANOVA followed by pair-wise tests. In all observations utilizing NaOCl irrigation, no colonies formed following treatment. The two NaOCl groups, with 0 CFU/mL, were significantly different than the other four groups (p=0.009). Saline showed a trend towards higher CFU/mL than 50 µg/ml O3 (p=0.068). None of the other comparisons approached statistical significance (p=0.453 25 µg/ml O3, p=0.606 16 µg/ml O3, p=0.999 25 µg/ml O3 vs 50 µg/ml O3, p=0.990 16 µg/ml O3 vs 50 µg/ml O3, p=1.000 16 µg/ml O3 vs 25 µg/ml O3). Confocal imaging helped illustrate effects of irrigation and confirm CFU findings. Conclusion: The results of this study failed to reject the null hypothesis. There was a statistically significant difference in the E. faecalis biofilm remaining in the groups treated with ozonated water compared to those treated with NaOCl. However, there was a trend towards higher CFU/mL in the saline group compared to the 50µg/mL ozonated water group. According to this finding, future studies should evaluate the effects of higher concentrations of ozonated water against an established E. faecalis biofilm. In addition, other follow-up studies might include ozonated water’s effect on human cells, such as the stem cells of the apical papilla that are so critical to the success of regenerative endodontic procedures. Due to university and laboratory closures caused by the COVID-19 pandemic, this project was stopped short and an insufficient sample size did not allow for proper statistical power. Additional occasions should be run upon the university’s re-opening to allow for proper statistical power.
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Endres, Sarah. "Antibakterielle Wirksamkeit der photodynamischen Therapie bei verschiedenen Insertionstiefen einer LED-Lichtquelle anhand eines Enterococcus faecalis-Biofilm-Modells." Doctoral thesis, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/11858/00-1735-0000-0023-3EC9-B.
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Haslam, Bryce S. "The antibacterial effect of a radiopaque double antibiotic paste against both an established multispecies and a single enterococcus faecalis biofilm." Thesis, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/1805/19637.
Full textAbstract:
Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI)For regenerative endodontic procedures (REPs) to be successful an elimination of bacteria from the root canal system must be accomplished. Many different medicaments with antibacterial properties have been used to obtain complete disinfection. Double antibiotic paste (DAP) containing a mixture of ciprofloxacin and metronidazole has been shown to be a promising intracanal medicament. The addition of a radiopaque filler such as zirconium oxide to DAP may affect the antibacterial properties of DAP as well as allow precise placement and radiographic visualization of its position in the canal system. The aim of the proposed study was to evaluate the direct antibacterial properties of zirconium oxide radiopacifier combined with DAP (RoDAP) against a multispecies biofilm from a bacterial isolate from an infected immature tooth with a necrotic pulp and a known single species biofilm. 4x4 mm radicular dentin specimens (n = 112) obtained from human extracted teeth were used prepared and sterilized prior to use. A multispecies clinical bacterial isolate from an immature tooth with a necrotic pulp and a single species Enterococcus faecalis isolate were obtained. These bacterial isolates were used to inoculate dentin slabs and grown for 3 weeks. The dentin slabs were treated for 1 week with 1.0-mg/mL and 10- mg/mL RoDAP, 1.0-mg/mL DAP, and two placebo pastes consisting of methyl cellulose (MC) and methyl cellulose combined with zirconium oxide (RoMC), respectively, as well as two no-treatment controls. Following treatment, the grown biofilm was detached and spiral plated. The plated biofilm cells were cultured for 24 hours and each group examined using a colony counter to determine bacterial numbers (CFUs/mL). Data analysis, using a 5.0-percent significance level was conducted using one-way ANOVA followed by pair-wise group comparisons. Both 1.0-mg/mL and 10 mg/mL RoDAP demonstrated significant antibacterial effects against bacterial isolates from an immature tooth with a necrotic pulp as well as an E. faecalis isolate. The precise application of RoDAP confirmed radiographically with its direct antibacterial properties may be beneficial for intracanal disinfection during REPs.
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Hoffmann, Carolin Yvonne. "In-vitro-Analyse der antimikrobiellen Effektivität von Octenidol, Natriumhypochlorit und Chlorhexidin gegen Enterococcus faecalis anhand eines intrakanalären Biofilm-Modells." Doctoral thesis, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/11858/00-1735-0000-0028-86C8-9.
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Müller, Nada [Verfasser]. "Siedeln sich Enterococcus-faecalis-Isolate von Patienten mit periradikulären Läsionen im In-vitro-Biofilm aus Speichelbakterien an? / vorgelegt von Nada Müller." 2009. http://d-nb.info/1001904923/34.
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Brothers, Kara M. "Use of Electromagnetic Stimulation in Combination with Low Concentration Sodium Hypochlorite on an In Vitro Enterococcus Faecalis Biofilm on Root Canal Treated Teeth." Thesis, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.7912/C2/26.
Full textAbstract:
Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI)Introduction: A novel device developed by J. Morita can generate electromagnetic stimulation (EMS) into the root canal. Objectives: The purpose of this study was to determine the anti-biofilm effect of EMS combined with low concentrations of NaOCl against an established biofilm of Enterococcus faecalis in an in vitro human tooth model. Materials and Methods: Single rooted human teeth were standardized and an E. faecalis biofilm was established in the canal. The specimens were subject to six treatment groups: 1) 1.5% NaOCl; 2) 1.5% NaOCl and EMS; 3) 0.25% NaOCl; 4) 0.25% NaOCl and EMS; 5) saline and 6) saline and EMS. Biofilm was collected, plated, and the number of colony forming units (CFU)/mL was used to determine antibacterial activity. Results: The effect of treatment group on bacterial counts were made using one-way ANOVA followed by pair-wise comparisons. Although there was no significant difference between individual groups tested, there was statistically significant difference between the average difference between ‘treatments with EMS’ and ‘treatments without EMS.’ Conclusion: EMS can improve the antibacterial efficacy of NaOCl against an established biofilm of E. faecalis in an in vitro human tooth model
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Eberl, Monika Diana. "Vergleich der antibakteriellen Effektivität vier unterschiedlicher Techniken zur Aktivierung der Wurzelkanalspülung (Hand, Ultraschall, RinsEndo®, EndoVac®) auf Enterococcus faecalis anhand eines Wurzelkanal-Biofilm-Modells." Doctoral thesis, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/11858/00-1735-0000-002E-E32F-5.
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Magalhães, Andreia Manuela Pereira. "Medicação intracanalar em endodontia: revisão de literatura." Master's thesis, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10284/7487.
Full textAbstract:
A Endodontia é uma área da Medicina Dentária que permite a desinfeção e consequente controlo do foco infecioso na cavidade oral. Este tratamento tem como etapas, instrumentação, irrigação e obturação que podem ser realizadas numa única sessão mas a sua instrumentação e irrigação podem não ser suficientes surgindo assim a importância do uso da medicação intracanalar.
Pretende-se então uma revisão de literatura e recolha de informação acerca do tema em bases de dados informáticas como B-on, Pubmed, PubMed, B-On, “Google academic”, Journal of Endodontics e nos livros Caminhos da Polpa e Prep Manual for Undergraduates Endodontics, tendo- se como principal objetivo desta monografia : sessão única ou tratamento Endodôntico de múltiplas sessões com uso de medicação intracanalar e qual a mais eficaz.Endodontics is an area of Dental Medicine that allows the disinfection and consequent control of the infectious focus in the oral cavity. This treatment has as steps, instrumentation, irrigation and obturation that can be performed in a single session but its instrumentation and irrigation may not be enough, thus arising the importance of the use of intracanal medication. It is entended a literature review and collection of information about the subject in computer databases such as B-on, Pubmed, PubMed, B-On, "Google academic", Journal of Endodontics and in the books Caminhos da Polpa and Prep Manual for Undergraduates Endodontics, with the main objective of this monograph: single session or multi-session Endodontic treatment with intracanalar medication and which are the most effective.