Journal articles: 'Enteroccus faecalis'

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Sietho, Randy Carlos, Mandojo Rukmo, Edhie Arif Prasetyo, and Tamara Yuanita. "EKSPRESI TNF-α DAN CALCINEURIN PADA ASIMTOMATIS APIKAL PERIODONTITIS AKIBAT INDUKSI Enterococcus faecalis." Conservative Dentistry Journal 7, no. 2 (December 5, 2019): 74. http://dx.doi.org/10.20473/cdj.v7i2.2017.74-85.

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Background. Gram positive bacteria strain are the major cause of endodontic failure as asymptomatic apical periodontitis. One of the dominant group of bacteria is Enterococcus faecalis that still persistent in root canal system post endodontic therapy procedures. This bacteria has lipoteichoic acid on its membrane that can cause induction of cytokines expression such as Tumor Necrosing Factor-α (TNF-α) and Calcineurin Purpose. This experiment to demonstrated asymptomatic apical periodontitis that induced with Enteroccus faecalis produce raising amount of TNF-α and Calcineurin expression cells in pericapical tissue of wistar rat. Method. The upper right molar teeth of the rat was drilled until perforation then exposed by BHIB 10µl (control positive group), E.faecalis 106 CFU in BHIB 10µl (experimental group) and without drilling (control negative group) then observed until 21th days and counting the amount of TNF-α and Calcineurin expression cells. Conclusion.The results show that asymtomatic apical periodontitis that was induced E.faecalis produce increasing amount of TNF-α and Calcineurin expression cells in periapical tissue wistar rat.

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Baca, Pilar, María Luisa Mendoza-Llamas, María Teresa Arias-Moliz, María Paloma González-Rodríguez, and Carmen María Ferrer-Luque. "Residual Effectiveness of Final Irrigation Regimens on Enteroccus faecalis–infected Root Canals." Journal of Endodontics 37, no. 8 (August 2011): 1121–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.joen.2011.05.003.

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FREITAS, A. CRISTINA, CÉLIA PAIS, F. XAVIER MALCATA, and TIM A. HOGG. "Microbiological Characterization of Picante da Beira Baixa Cheese." Journal of Food Protection 59, no. 2 (February 1, 1996): 155–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.4315/0362-028x-59.2.155.

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Ninety cheeses of the type Picante da Beira Baixa (a hard, highly salted, and spicy traditional cheese produced in Portugal from a mixture of goat's and ewe's milks) were manufactured and analyzed for microbiological quality at different stages of the 180-day ripening period. The most abundant species of Enterobacteriaceae, staphylococci, enterococci, lactobacilli, and yeasts found in the Picante cheese were Hafnia alvei and Serratia liquefaciens; Staphylococcus hominis and S.xylosus; Enteroccus faecium, E. faecalis, and E. durans; Lactobacillus plantarum and L. paracasei; and Debaryomyces hansenii and Yarrowia lipolytica.

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Athanassiadis, B., PV Abbott, N. George, and LJ Walsh. "An in vitro study of the antimicrobial activity of some endodontic medicaments against Enteroccus faecalis biofilms." Australian Dental Journal 55, no. 2 (June 2010): 150–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1834-7819.2010.01222.x.

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Barcelona-Andrés, Belén, Alberto Marina, and Vicente Rubio. "Gene Structure, Organization, Expression, and Potential Regulatory Mechanisms of Arginine Catabolism in Enterococcus faecalis." Journal of Bacteriology 184, no. 22 (November 15, 2002): 6289–300. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jb.184.22.6289-6300.2002.

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ABSTRACT Although Enteroccus faecalis is the paradigm for biochemical studies on the arginine deiminase (ADI) pathway of fermentative arginine catabolism, little genetic information exists on this pathway in this organism. We fill this important gap by characterizing, in an 8,228-bp region cloned from a λgt11 genomic library of E. faecalis, a five-gene cluster forming a transcriptional unit (revealed by Northern blots and primer extension in E. faecalis) that corresponds to the ADI operon. Four additional genes in the opposite DNA strand and one in the same DNA strand are also identified. Studies on the protein products, including heterologous expression and/or sequence comparisons, allow us to ascertain or propose functions for all but 1 of the 10 genes. The ADI operon genes, arcABCRD, encode, respectively, ADI, ornithine transcarbamylase, carbamate kinase, a putative Crp/Fnr-type regulator (ArcR), and a putative ornithine-arginine antiporter (ArcD). Arginine induces the expression of arcABCRD, most likely by means of two homologous ArgR/AhrC-type regulators encoded by two genes, argR1 and argR2, that precede arcABCRD in each DNA strand and that are transcribed monocistronically, their transcription being influenced differentially by glucose and arginine. Potential ArgR1/ArgR2 (double and single) binding sequences are found in the promoter regions of arcA and of argR1/argR2 themselves. In addition, putative binding sequences for ArcR and for CcpA are found, respectively, in the argR1/argR2 and arcA promoter regions. Of the three other genes identified, two form a transcriptional unit and encode a putative metal-sensitive transcriptional regulator (ArsR) and a cysteine protease.

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Barbaccia, Pietro, Leopoldo Lipocelli, Giancarlo Moschetti, Nicola Francesca, Simone De Martino, Vincenzo Arrigo, Raimondo Gaglio, and Luca Settanni. "Application of Hydrogen Peroxide to Improve the Microbiological Stability of Food Ice Produced in Industrial Facilities." Applied Sciences 12, no. 1 (December 26, 2021): 210. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app12010210.

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This work was aimed to produce an “active” food ice to preserve its microbiological safety over time. With this in mind, ice cubes were processed with the addition of H2O2 to water before freezing. Four food ice productions were performed at the industrial level: one control trial without the addition of H2O2 (0OX) and three experimental trials obtained by adding 4, 8, and 12 mg/L of H2O2 (4OX, 8OX, and 12OX), respectively. After production, all food ice trials were artificially contaminated with 102 CFU/100 mL of water-borne pathogenic bacteria (Escherichia coli ATCC 25922, Enteroccus faecalis ATCC 29212, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 27853) inoculated individually. Thawed ice samples were then subjected to microbiological analyses performed by the membrane filtration method and the results indicated that only trial 12OX was able to inactivate all bacteria strains. In conclusion, the addition of 12 mg/L H2O2 represents an optimal cost-effective strategy to preserve the microbiological stability of food ice even when it is improperly handled after production.

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Porras, M., S. Madrigal, and J. Vega. "Síntesis de Nanoparticulas Poliméricas de Quitosano Funcionalizadas con extractos de la mora (Rubus glaucus) y su Evaluación preliminar como agentes antimicrobianos." Revista Científica 22, no. 1 (December 31, 2012): 81–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.54495/rev.cientifica.v22i1.126.

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El objetivo de este trabajo ha sido evaluar el efecto bacteriostático de nanopartículas de quitosano funcionalizadas con agentes antioxidantes de extractos de frutas tropicales. En la síntesis y caracterización de nanopartículas de quitosano funcionalizadas se manipulan variables experimentales para obtener concentraciones y otros parámetros que presenten efecto bacteriostático en seis especies de bacterias patógenas ATCC, tanto gram-negativas: Escherichia coli, Serratia marcescens y Psudomona aeroginosa; como gram-positivas: Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis y Enteroccus faecalis.La hipótesis planteada supone que al funcionalizar las nanopartículas sintetizadas mediante el método de gelificación iónica con tripolifosfato de sodio como agente entrecruzante, con agentes activos provenientes de extractos de la fruta tropical mora (Rubus glaucus), al contener agentes antioxidantes, expresados como concentración de acido gálico, otorgan a las nanopartículas de quitosano la capacidad de inhibir el crecimiento bacteriano. Este trabajo se ha concentrado en el estudio de las propiedades de la mora como agente modificante de las nanopartículas de quitosano y la evaluación preliminar de su actividad antimicrobiana. Se evaluó el contenido de polifenoles de la fruta y su actividad antimicrobiana en conjunto con las nanopartículas frente a los microorganismos patógenos antes mencionados. Las frutas evaluadas presentan contenidos de compuestos fenólicos de aproximadamente 100 mg de ácido gálico/100g y actividad antimicrobiana frente a las bacterias gram-positivas S. aureus, E. faecalis, y B. subtilis y la gram-negativa S. marcescens, determinada por porcentajes de inhibición de un ámbito entre 10% y 60% con respecto al control positivo. Estos resultados muestran que estos nanoproductos tienen potencial como posibles agentes antimicrobianos para ser utilizados en la industria farmaceútica.

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Lauková, A., V. Strompfová, R. Szabóová, A. Slottová, M. Tomáška, V. Kmeť, and M. Kološta. "Bioactive Enterococci Isolated from Slovak Ewes’ Lump Cheese." Scientia Agriculturae Bohemica 47, no. 4 (December 1, 2016): 187–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/sab-2016-0027.

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Abstract Enterococci are widespread organisms; some of their properties are desired in dairy industry. They can produce antimicrobial proteinaceous substances (enterocins) linked to food biopreservation. This study focused on bioactive Enterococcus faecium and Enterococcus faecalis strains from Slovak ewes’ lump cheeses to check genes encoding enterocins production and inhibition activity. The total counts of enterococci in ewes’ lump cheeses reached 5.95 ± 2.44 log CFU/g on average. Genotypization by PCR and identification by MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry alloted 12 strains to the species Enterococcus faecium and 18 strains to the species E. faecalis. Enterococci were hemolytic phenotype free. Gelatinase negative strains were tested for the presence of enterocins genes. E. faecium and E. faecalis strains from Slovak ewes’ lump cheeses possessed mostly genes for enterocins P and A. Enterocin gene free E. faecalis EE29E3 inhibited indicator Enterococcus avium EA5 (inhibition zone > 10 mm); EE36E1inhibited Listeria innocua LMG 13568 (inhibiton zone 12 mm). Among E. faecium possessing enerocins genes, inhibition activity was only noted in EF27E4 strain (against E. avium EA5, Listeria monocytogenes CCM4699; inhibiton zone 10–22 mm). E. faecium EF27E4 was selected for more detailed studies in vitro aimed at its potential use in dairy industry.

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Toc, Dan Alexandru, Stanca Lucia Pandrea, Alexandru Botan, Razvan Marian Mihaila, Carmen Anca Costache, Ioana Alina Colosi, and Lia Monica Junie. "Enterococcus raffinosus, Enterococcus durans and Enterococcus avium Isolated from a Tertiary Care Hospital in Romania—Retrospective Study and Brief Review." Biology 11, no. 4 (April 14, 2022): 598. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biology11040598.

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(1) Background: This paper aims to provide a description of non-faecalis non-faecium enterococci isolated from a tertiary care hospital in Romania and to briefly review the existing literature regarding the involvement of Enterococcus raffinosus, Enterococcus durans and Enterococcus avium in human infections and their antimicrobial resistance patterns; (2) Methods: We retrospectively analyzed all Enteroccocus species isolated from the “Prof. Dr. O. Fodor” Regional Institute of Gastroenterology and Hepatology from Cluj-Napoca during one year focusing on non-faecalis non-faecium Enterococci. A brief review of the literature was performed using case reports involving Enterococcus raffinosus, Enterococcus durans and Enterococcus avium; (3) Results: Only 58 out of 658 Enteroccocus isolates were non-faecalis non-faecium and met the inclusion criteria. These species were isolated more often (p < 0.05) from the surgical ward from mixed etiology infections with E. coli. In our review, we included 39 case reports involving E. raffinosus, E. durans and E. avium; (4) Conclusions: Isolation of non-faecalis non-faecium enterococci displays an emerging trend with crucial healthcare consequences. Based on the analysis of the case reports, E. avium seems to be involved more often in neurological infections, E. durans in endocarditis, while E. raffinosus displays a more heterogenous distribution.

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Odeyemi, Adebowale, and Paul Omorovie. "Pathogenicity and antibiotic resistance of Enterococcus faecalis isolated from water used in health-care centers of Ekiti State University and environ." International Journal of Biological Research 4, no. 2 (September 26, 2016): 220. http://dx.doi.org/10.14419/ijbr.v4i2.6636.

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The quality of water samples obtained from the health-care center in the Ekiti State University and three other centers around the campus; Ekiti State University Teaching Hospital (EKSUTH), Iworoko-Ekiti health Centre (IHC) and the State Hospital, Ikole-Ekiti (SHI) were investigated by analyzing the total bacterial count using pour plate method; the incidence and antibiotic resistance of Enterococcus faecalis as water quality indicator was enumerated using selective isolation and disk diffusion method respectively. The mean TBC, TCC and TEC of all the water samples ranged from 9.1 x 102 to 17.4 x 103 CFU/ml, 4.1 x 102 to 5.5 x 103 CFU/ml and 0.4 x 102 to 0.4 x 103 CFU/ml respectively. A total of 70 (32.9%) Enterococcus faecalis were recovered from the water samples from Iworoko HC, which showed highest distribution in bore-hole and well water samples while least frequency of E. faecalis (15.7%) was recovered from EKSU HC. However, no incidence of E. faecalis in table water obtained from all the health-care facilities. Just 35% of 20 selected E. faecalis were caseinase producers while 80% of the isolates were biofilm producers. All the isolates were resistant to cefuroxime, cefixime, augmentin and ceftazidine while only 10% of them were resistant to ofloxacin. 58.6% of the isolates showed MAR to eight (8) antibiotics with three different resistotypes while only 1.4% of them showed MAR to four (4) antibiotics with just one resistotype (CRX-CXM-AUG-CAZ). Only E. faecalis15 among the selected isolates possessed two plasmids with molecular weight of 1.415bp and 13.535bp. However, consumption of contaminated water traceable to faecal sources and plasmid mediated of the causative microbes would be discussed.

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Pogány Simonová, M., and A. Lauková. "Virulence factor genes possessing Enterococcus faecalis strains from rabbits and their sensitivity to enterocins." World Rabbit Science 25, no. 1 (March 30, 2017): 63. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/wrs.2017.5694.

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Information concerning the virulence factor genes and antibiotic resistance of rabbit enterococci is limited, so in this study we tested the virulence factor genes in Enterococcus faecalis strains from rabbits. Moreover, their resistance/sensitivity to antibiotics and sensitivity to enterocins was also tested, with the aim of contributing to our enterocin spectra study and to indicate the possibility of enterocin application in prevention or contaminant elimination in rabbit husbandry. A total of 144 rabbit samples were treated using a standard microbiological method. Thirty-one pure colonies of the species Enterococcus faecalis were identified, using the MALDI-TOF identification system and confirmed using phenotyping, among which 15 strains were virulence factor gene absent. The gelE gene was the most detected (42%); however, the expression of gelatinase phenotype did not always correlate with the detection of gelE. Strains did not show ß-haemolysis and were mostly resistant to tested antibiotics, but sensitive to enterocins (Ent), mainly to Ents EK13=A (P), 2019 and Ent M. Rabbit E. faecalis strains displayed antibiotic resistant traits and the presence of expressed and silent virulence genes, but they showed high levels of sensitivity to natural antimicrobials-enterocins, which indicates the possible prevention of multidrug and virulent enterococcal contaminants by enterocins.

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Phillips, David M. "Enterococcus faecalis." New England Journal of Medicine 332, no. 1 (January 5, 1995): 26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1056/nejm199501053320105.

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Girolometto, G., C. A. M. Avancini, H. H. C. Carvalho, and J. M. Wiest. "Atividade antibacteriana de extratos de erva mate (Ilex paraguariensis A.St.-Hil.)." Revista Brasileira de Plantas Medicinais 11, no. 1 (2009): 49–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1516-05722009000100009.

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Através de testes de diluição, em sistema de tubos múltiplos, determinou-se a intensidade de atividade de inibição bacteriana (IINIB) e intensidade de atividade de inativação bacteriana (IINAB) de extratos hídricos (decocto), etanólicos (alcoolatura e hidroalcoolatura) de cambitos e de folhas de Ilex paraguariensis A.St.-Hil.(Aquifoliaceae) sobre as bactérias Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 25.923), Enterococcus faecalis (ATCC 19.433), Salmonella enteritidis (ATCC 11.076) e Escherichia coli (ATCC 11.229). Todas as formas de extração apresentaram capacidade de inativação e/ou inibição seletivas sobre as bactérias avaliadas, porém os extratos originados por destilação etanólica apresentaram os melhores resultados. Salmonella enteritidis demonstrou maior sensibilidade, seguida por Enterococcus faecalis. Posteriormente, estes dois agentes foram submetidos a testes de suspensão, no mesmo sistema, na presença e ausência de matéria orgânica (soro bovino), sob controle do fator tempo. A presença de matéria orgânica diminuiu, enquanto o tempo de exposição aumentou a sensibilidade de Salmonella enteritidis e de Enterococus faecalis aos diferentes extratos de Ilex testados.

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Silva, R. A., P. A. Bismara, R. B. Moura, J. L. Lima Filho, A. L. F. Porto, and M. T. H. Cavalcanti. "Avaliação da microbiota bacteriana do queijo de coalho artesanal produzido na região Agreste do estado de Pernambuco." Arquivo Brasileiro de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia 64, no. 6 (December 2012): 1732–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0102-09352012000600044.

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O objetivo desta pesquisa foi avaliar a qualidade microbiológica e o perfil ácido-láctico do queijo de coalho artesanal. Todas as amostras de queijo apresentaram coliformes totais, termotolerantes e presença de Escherichia coli, porém com os valores dentro dos padrões estabelecidos pela legislação vigente no país. O perfil ácido-láctico estudado mostrou uma microbiota heterogênea, constituída por lactobacilos, lactococos, estreptococos e enterococos, confirmadas as espécies Enterococcus faecalis, Enterococcus faecium, Streptococcus thermophilus e Lactococcus lactis.

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Kang, Hee-Young, Shukho Kim, and Jungmin Kim. "Isolation and characterization of an Enterococcus faecalis bacteriophage." Korean Journal of Microbiology 51, no. 3 (September 30, 2015): 194–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.7845/kjm.2015.5025.

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Adeniji, Oluwaseun Ola, Nolonwabo Nontongana, and Anthony Ifeanyin Okoh. "Prevalence of Class 1 Integron and In Vitro Effect of Antibiotic Combinations of Multidrug-Resistant Enterococcus Species Recovered from the Aquatic Environment in the Eastern Cape Province, South Africa." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 24, no. 3 (February 3, 2023): 2993. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms24032993.

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Enterococci are regarded as a better indication of faecal pollution in freshwater and marine waters. Their levels in seawater are positively connected with swimming-related gastrointestinal disorders. This study used an Enterococcus-specific polymerase chain reaction (PCR) to characterize the isolates. Classes 1 and 2 integrons were examined for environmental Enterococcus isolates using a standard biological procedure. All strains were assessed against a panel of 12 antibiotics from various classes using disc diffusion methods. The microdilution method was used to work out the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) according to the CLSI guiding principles. The combination therapy of the resistant drugs was evaluated using a checkerboard assay and a time-dependent test for assessing their bactericidal or bacteriostatic activity. The gene diversity of the tested organisms was analyzed with the aid of Enterobacterial Repetitive Intergenic Consensus (ERIC) PCR. In total, 57 Enterococcus spp. environmental samples were recovered, in which Enterococcus faecalis (33.33%) and Enterococcus faecium (59.65%) were the dominant species. Resistance to linezolid, ciprofloxacin, erythromycin, gentamicin, vancomycin, rifampicin, and tetracycline was prevalent. Fifty (50) strains tested positive for class 1 integron, more frequent in Enterococcus faecium and Enterococcus faecalis isolates, with no gene cassette array discovered. A combination of gentamicin (MIC 4 µg/mL) with vancomycin (MIC 256 µg/mL) antibiotics against Enterococcus faecalis showed antibacterial activity. In contrast, the combination of ciprofloxacin (1 µg/mL) with Ampicillin (16 µg/mL) antibiotics against Enterococcus faecalis showed a bacteriostatic effect. The ERIC-PCR analysis pointed out that most of the assessed isolates have close genetic similarities.

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Scheb-Wetzel, Matthias, Manfred Rohde, Alicia Bravo, and Oliver Goldmann. "New Insights into the Antimicrobial Effect of Mast Cells against Enterococcus faecalis." Infection and Immunity 82, no. 11 (August 11, 2014): 4496–507. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/iai.02114-14.

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ABSTRACTEnterococcus faecalishas emerged as an important cause of life-threatening multidrug-resistant bacterial infections in the hospital setting. The pathogenesis of enterococcal infections has remained a relatively neglected field despite their obvious clinical relevance. The objective of this study was to characterize the interactions between mast cells (MCs), an innate immune cell population abundant in the intestinal lamina propria, andE. faecalis. This study was conducted with primary bone marrow-derived murine MCs. The results demonstrated that MCs exerted an antimicrobial effect againstE. faecalisthat was mediated both by degranulation, with the concomitant discharge of the antimicrobial effectors contained in the granules, and by the release of extracellular traps, in whichE. faecaliswas snared and killed. In particular, the cathelicidin LL-37 released by the MCs had potent antimicrobial effect againstE. faecalis. We also investigated the specific receptors involved in the recognition ofE. faecalisby MCs. We found that Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are critically involved in the MC recognition ofE. faecalis, since MCs deficient in the expression of MyD88, an adaptor molecule required for signaling by most TLRs, were significantly impaired in their capacity to degranulate, to reduceE. faecalisgrowth as well as to release tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) and interleukin 6 (IL-6) after encountering this pathogen. Furthermore, TLR2 was identified as the most prominent TLR involved in the recognition ofE. faecalisby MCs. The results of this study indicate that MCs may be important contributors to the host innate immune defenses againstE. faecalis.

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Marcinek, Herbert, Reinhard Wirth, Albrecht Muscholl-Silberhorn, and Matthias Gauer. "Enterococcus faecalis Gene Transfer under Natural Conditions in Municipal Sewage Water Treatment Plants." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 64, no. 2 (February 1, 1998): 626–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.64.2.626-632.1998.

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ABSTRACT The ability of Enterococcus faecalis to transfer various genetic elements under natural conditions was tested in two municipal sewage water treatment plants. Experiments in activated sludge basins of the plants were performed in a microcosm which allowed us to work under sterile conditions; experiments in anoxic sludge digestors were performed in dialysis bags. We used the following naturally occurring genetic elements: pAD1 and pIP1017 (two so-called sex pheromone plasmids with restricted host ranges, which are transferred at high rates under laboratory conditions); pIP501 (a resistance plasmid possessing a broad host range for gram-positive bacteria, which is transferred at low rates under laboratory conditions); and Tn916 (a conjugative transposon which is transferred under laboratory conditions at low rates to gram-positive bacteria and at very low rates to gram-negative bacteria). The transfer rate between different strains of E. faecalis under natural conditions was, compared to that under laboratory conditions, at least 105-fold lower for the sex pheromone plasmids, at least 100-fold lower for pIP501, and at least 10-fold lower for Tn916. In no case was transfer from E. faecalisto another bacterial species detected. By determining the dependence of transfer rates for pIP1017 on bacterial concentration and extrapolating to actual concentrations in the sewage water treatment plant, we calculated that the maximum number of transfer events for the sex pheromone plasmids between different strains of E. faecalisin the municipal sewage water treatment plant of the city of Regensburg ranged from 105 to 108 events per 4 h, indicating that gene transfer should take place under natural conditions.

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Kumurya, A. S., and B. Ega. "An Overview on Vancomycin Resistant Enterococcus faecalis." UMYU Journal of Microbiology Research (UJMR) 6, no. 1 (June 30, 2021): 160–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.47430/ujmr.2161.033.

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There are over 15 species of the Enterococcus genus, 80-90% of clinical isolates as E. faecalis. The aim of this work is to review the current information on Vancomycin resistant Enterococcus fecalis. The study reviewed using electronic documents and hard copies from public libraries of relevant literatures relating to biology, epidemiology, drug resistance mechanism, treatment, and control of Enterococcus faecalis. The review revealed that Enterocuccus faecalis formerly known as Streptococcus faecalis is a Gram-positive commensal bacterium that inhabits the gastrointestinal tracts of healthy humans and other mammals. However, it can cause lifethreatening infections in humans, especially in the nosocomial environment, where there are naturally high levels of antibiotic resistance. Thus, Enterococci have proven to present a therapeutic challenge because of their resistance to many antimicrobial drugs, including cell-wall active agents; aminoglycosides, penicillin, ampicillin, and vancomycin.” The Enterococci have the capacity to acquire a wide variety of antimicrobial resistance factors through plasmid transfer by conjugation, which present serious problems in the management of patients with Enterococcal infections. In general, Enterococcal isolates with lowered susceptibility to vancomycin are categorized as vanA, vanB, and vanC, vanA and vanB pose the greatest threat because they are the most resistant genes.E. faecalis are also resistant to teicoplanin. Enterococcal strains that are vancomycin-dependent have been found, but are rare and less common than vancomycin-resistant strains (referred to as “vancomycin-resistant Enterococci” or “VRE”). The review, identified that although VRE infection possess the tendency to become endemic especially in very ill debilitated patients who have been exposed to broad spectrum antibiotics; and the immune-compromised, yet Vancomycin continues to be the drug of choice for serious life threatening infections as sepsis, pneumonia, and endocarditis. Keywords: Vancomycin-resistant Enterococci(VRE), Enterococcus faecalis, Resistance gene

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MARTÍN, MARÍA, JORGE GUTIÉRREZ, RAQUEL CRIADO, CARMEN HERRANZ, LUIS M. CINTAS, and PABLO E. HERNÁNDEZ. "Genes Encoding Bacteriocins and Their Expression and Potential Virulence Factors of Enterococci Isolated from Wood Pigeons (Columba palumbus)." Journal of Food Protection 69, no. 3 (March 1, 2006): 520–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.4315/0362-028x-69.3.520.

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Samples of the intestinal content and carcasses of wood pigeons (Columba palumbus) were evaluated for enterococci with antimicrobial activity. Enterococcus faecium comprised the largest enterococcal species with antagonistic activity, followed by Enterococcus faecalis and Enterococcus columbae. PCR amplification of genes coding bacteriocins and determination of their nucleotide sequence, and the use of specific antipeptide bacteriocin antibodies and a noncompetitive indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, permitted characterization of enterococci coding that described bacteriocins and their expression. The efaAfm determinant was the only virulence gene detected in E. faecium, whereas E. faecalis showed a larger number of virulence determinants, and E. columbae did not carry any of the virulence genes examined. Although all E. faecalis isolates manifested a potent direct antimicrobial activity, no activity was detected in supernatants of producer cells. Purification of the antagonistic activity of E. columbae PLCH2 showed multiple chromatographic fragments after matrix-assisted laser desorption–ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry analysis, suggesting the active peptide(s) had not yet purified to homogeneity. Bacteriocinogenic E. faecium and E. columbae isolates may be considered hygienic for production of enterocins and potentially safe due to their low incidence of potential virulence genes and susceptibility of most relevant clinical antibiotics. However, the presence among the enterococci of E. faecalis strains with a potent antagonistic activity and multiple virulence factors is an issue that must be considered further.

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Fernández-Hidalgo, Nuria, and Laura Escolà-Vergé. "Enterococcus faecalis Bacteremia." Journal of the American College of Cardiology 74, no. 2 (July 2019): 202–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jacc.2019.03.526.

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Figueras, M. J., I. Inza, F. Polo, and J. Guarro. "Evaluation of the oxolinic acid - esculin - azide medium for the isolation and enumeration of faecal streptococci in a routine monitoring programme for bathing waters." Canadian Journal of Microbiology 44, no. 10 (October 1, 1998): 998–1002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/w98-096.

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m-Enterococcus agar (m-Ent) has been generally considered the reference medium for faecal streptococci in bathing waters. However, it shows several shortcomings, and therefore it is important to test newly developed media that can guarantee more precise results. In this sense, the recently described oxolinic acid - esculin - azide agar medium (OAA) and m-enterococccus agar (m-Ent) were comparatively evaluated for the detection of faecal streptococci from seawater and fresh water. The OAA medium showed a significantly higher relative recovery percentage and specificity for both types of water than m-Ent. A similar spectrum of species was recorded from both media, Enterococcus faecium being predominant in fresh water and Enterococcus faecalis, in seawater. The superior performance of the OAA medium in both types of bathing waters, added to the fact that it does not require the use of complementary confirmative tests, makes this medium an excellent candidate to be employed for monitoring programmes.Key words: faecal streptococci, water, monitoring, oxolinic acid - esculin - azide medium, m-enterococcus medium.

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Metiner, Kemal, Mine Anğ Küçüker, Özden Büyükbaba Boral, and Özdem Anğ. "First isolation of Enterococcus strains in pig faeces in Turkey and determination of antibiotic susceptibilities." Acta Veterinaria Brno 82, no. 3 (2013): 231–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.2754/avb201382030231.

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In this trial,Enterococcusstrains were isolated from a total of 69 faecal samples obtained from 238 pigs (105 pigs < 6 months old and 133 > 6 months old) on three pig farms located in Istanbul and Tekirdag Provinces in the Marmara Region of Turkey in the summer season of 2003. Forty-seven of the isolates were determined asEnterococcus faecium(68%), 15 isolates asEnterococcus faecalis(21.7%), three isolates asEnterococcus gallinarum(4.3%) and one of each asEnterococcus hirae(1.4%),Enterococcus casseliflavus(1.4%),Enterococcus cecorum(1.4%)andEnterococcus sulfurens(1.4%). In addition, antimicrobial susceptibilites of isolates were assessed through the disk diffusion method. Among 47E. faeciumisolates, 44 were determined to be resistant to erythromycin, 38 to ciprofloxacine, and three isolates were resistant to vancomycin. AllE. faecalisisolates were resistant to erythromycin (100%) and four were resistant to vancomycin (27%). FiveE. faecium(11%) and fiveE. faecalisisolates (33%) were found to exhibit intermediate resistance to vancomycin. In this study, isolates obtained from pig faeces were determined to exhibit a high rate of antimicrobial resistance. This study is the first report on isolation and determination of antimicrobial resistance of Enterocci in Turkey.

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Balla, E., L. M. T. Dicks, M. Du Toit, M. J. Van Der Merwe, and W. H. Holzapfel. "Characterization and Cloning of the Genes Encoding Enterocin 1071A and Enterocin 1071B, Two Antimicrobial Peptides Produced by Enterococcus faecalis BFE 1071." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 66, no. 4 (April 1, 2000): 1298–304. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.66.4.1298-1304.2000.

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ABSTRACT The pH-neutral cell supernatant of Enterococcus faecalis BFE 1071, isolated from the feces of minipigs in Göttingen, inhibited the growth of Enterococcus spp. and a few other gram-positive bacteria. Ammonium sulfate precipitation and cation-exchange chromatography of the cell supernatant, followed by mass spectrometry analysis, yielded two bacteriocin-like peptides of similar molecular mass: enterocin 1071A (4.285 kDa) and enterocin 1071B (3.899 kDa). Both peptides are always isolated together. The peptides are heat resistant (100°C, 60 min; 50% of activity remained after 15 min at 121°C), remain active after 30 min of incubation at pH 3 to 12, and are sensitive to treatment with proteolytic enzymes. Curing experiments indicated that the genes encoding enterocins 1071A and 1071B are located on a 50-kbp plasmid (pEF1071). Conjugation of plasmid pEF1071 to E. faecalis strains FA2-2 and OGX1 resulted in the expression of two active peptides with sizes identical to those of enterocins 1071A and 1071B. Sequencing of a DNA insert of 9 to 10 kbp revealed two open reading frames, ent1071A andent1071B, which coded for 39- and 34-amino-acid peptides, respectively. The deduced amino acid sequence of the mature Ent1071A and Ent1071B peptides showed 64 and 61% homology with the α and β peptides of lactococcin G, respectively. This is the first report of two new antimicrobial peptides representative of a fourth type ofE. faecalis bacteriocin.

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Boonanantanasarn, Kanitsak, Ann Lindley Gill, YoonSing Yap, Vijayvel Jayaprakash, Maureen A. Sullivan, and Steven R. Gill. "Enterococcus faecalis Enhances Cell Proliferation through Hydrogen Peroxide-Mediated Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Activation." Infection and Immunity 80, no. 10 (July 30, 2012): 3545–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/iai.00479-12.

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ABSTRACTEnterococcus faecalisis a member of the intestinal and oral microbiota that may affect the etiology of colorectal and oral cancers. The mechanisms by whichE. faecalismay contribute to the initiation and progression of these cancers remain uncertain. Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) signaling is postulated to play a crucial role in oral carcinogenesis. A link betweenE. faecalisand EGFR signaling in oral cancer has not been elucidated. The present study aimed to evaluate the association betweenE. faecalisand oral cancer and to determine the underlying mechanisms that linkE. faecalisto EGFR signaling. We report the high frequency ofE. faecalisinfection in oral tumors and the clinical association with EGFR activation. Using human oral cancer cells, we support the clinical findings and demonstrate thatE. faecaliscan induce EGFR activation and cell proliferation.E. faecalisactivates EGFR through production of H2O2, a signaling molecule that activates several signaling pathways. Inhibitors of H2O2(catalase) and EGFR (gefitinib) significantly blockedE. faecalis-induced EGFR activation and cell proliferation. Therefore,E. faecalisinfection of oral tumor tissues suggests a possible association betweenE. faecalisinfection and oral carcinogenesis. Interaction ofE. faecaliswith host cells and production of H2O2increase EGFR activation, thereby contributing to cell proliferation.

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Sˇ Eputiene˙, V., A. Bogdaite˙, M. Ruzˇauskas, and E. Suzˇiede˙Liene˙. "Antibiotic resistance genes and virulence factors in Enterococcus faecium and Enterococcus faecalis from diseased farm animals: pigs, cattle and poultry." Polish Journal of Veterinary Sciences 15, no. 3 (October 1, 2012): 431–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10181-012-0067-6.

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AbstractEighty enterococcal isolates (E. faecium, n=38,E. faecalis, n=42) from diseased farm animals (swine, cattle, poultry) in Lithuania have been studied for the prevalence of antibiotic resistance and for resistance and virulence genetic determinants. 86% ofE. faeciumand 71% ofE. faecalisisolates were multidrug resistant (resistant to three or more unrelated antibiotics). Resistance to aminoglycosides, tetracycline and erythromycin was found most frequently in both species (61%, 69%) and was linked toaph(3’)-IIIa,aac(6’)-Ie-aph(2”)-Ia,ant(6)-Ia (aminoglycoside resistance),tetM,tetL(tetracycline resistance),ermA,ermB(erythromycin resistance) gene combinations, which were supplemented with chloramphenicol resistance genescatA7,catA8(E. faecalis) andcatA9(E. faecium). AllE. faecalisisolates harboured genes coding for virulence factorsagg,esp,fsr gelEalone or in combinations with the high prevalence ofespgene in isolates from cattle (63%) and pigs (79%). The origin- dependent incidence ofagggene variantsprgBandasp1was observed. The results indicate the existence of a large pool of potentially virulent and multidrug resistantE. faecalisin diseased farm animals posing risk to humans.

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GERAVAND, Maryam, Parviz FALLAH, Mojtaba Hedayat YAGHOOBI, Fatemeh SOLEIMANIFAR, Malihe FARID, Nazi ZINATIZADEH, and Somayeh YASLIANIFARD. "INVESTIGATION OF ENTEROCOCCUS FAECALIS POPULATION IN PATIENTS WITH POLYP AND COLORECTAL CANCER IN COMPARISON OF HEALTHY INDIVIDUALS." Arquivos de Gastroenterologia 56, no. 2 (June 2019): 141–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0004-2803.201900000-28.

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ABSTRACT BACKGROUND: Colorectal cancer is one of the most commonly diagnosed cancers around the world. One of the factors involved in the development of colorectal cancer is the changes in the normal flora of the intestine. OBJECTIVE: In this study, the mean copy number of Enterococcus faecalis in people with polyps and people with colorectal cancer has been evaluated in comparison with healthy controls. METHODS: In this study, 25 patients with colorectal cancer and 28 patients with intestinal polyps were selected and stool specimens were taken. In addition, 24 healthy individuals were selected as control group. Extraction of bacterial DNA from the stool sample were performed. The molecular methods of PCR for confirmation of standard strain and absolute Real Time PCR (qRT-PCR) method were used to evaluate the number of Enterococcus faecalis in the studied groups. RESULTS: The results of this study indicate that the mean copy number of Enterococcus faecalis in patients with colorectal cancer was 11.2x109 per gram of stool, and in patients with polyps was 9.4x108 per gram of stool. In healthy people, this number was 9x108 per gram of stool. There was a significant difference between the implicit copy numbers in the three groups. (P<0.05). CONCLUSION: Enterococcus faecalis in faecal flora of people with colorectal cancer was significantly higher than those with polyps and healthy people. This could potentially signify the ability of this bacterium to induce colorectal cancer. More studies are needed to prove this theory.

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Luther, Megan K., Louis B. Rice, and Kerry L. LaPlante. "Ampicillin in Combination with Ceftaroline, Cefepime, or Ceftriaxone Demonstrates Equivalent Activities in a High-Inoculum Enterococcus faecalis Infection Model." Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy 60, no. 5 (February 29, 2016): 3178–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aac.03126-15.

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ABSTRACTAmpicillin-ceftriaxone combination therapy has become a predominant treatment for seriousEnterococcus faecalisinfections, such as endocarditis. Unfortunately, ceftriaxone use is associated with future vancomycin-resistant enterococcus colonization. We evaluatedE. faecalisin anin vitropharmacodynamic model against simulated human concentration-time profiles of ampicillin plus ceftaroline, cefepime, ceftriaxone, or gentamicin. Ampicillin-cefepime and ampicillin-ceftaroline demonstrated activities similar to those of ampicillin-ceftriaxone againstE. faecalis.

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Yamamoto, Yukio, Yoshikazu Togawa, Makoto Shimosaka, and Mitsuo Okazaki. "Purification and Characterization of a Novel Bacteriocin Produced by Enterococcus faecalis Strain RJ-11." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 69, no. 10 (October 2003): 5746–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.69.10.5546-5553.2003.

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ABSTRACT Lactic acid bacteria exhibiting activity against the gram-positive bacterium Bacillus subtilis were isolated from rice bran. One of the isolates, identified as Enterococcus faecalis RJ-11, exhibited a wide spectrum of growth inhibition with various gram-positive bacteria. A bacteriocin purified from culture fluid, designated enterocin RJ-11, was heat stable and was not sensitive to acid and alkaline conditions, but it was sensitive to several proteolytic enzymes. Sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis analysis revealed that enterocin RJ-11 had a molecular weight of 5,000 in its monomeric form. The amino acid sequence determined for purified enterocin RJ-11 exhibited high levels of similarity to the sequences of enterocins produced by Enterococcus faecium.

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Hayakawa, Kayoko, Dror Marchaim, Mohan Palla, Uma Mahesh Gudur, Harish Pulluru, Pradeep Bathina, Khaled Alshabani, et al. "Epidemiology of Vancomycin-Resistant Enterococcus faecalis: a Case-Case-Control Study." Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy 57, no. 1 (October 15, 2012): 49–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aac.01271-12.

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ABSTRACTAlthough much is known about vancomycin-resistant (VR)Enterococcus faecium, little is known about the epidemiology of VREnterococcus faecalis. The predilection of VRE. faecalisto transfer the vancomycin resistance determinant toStaphylococcus aureusis much greater than that of VRE. faecium. The epidemiology of VRE. faecalishas important implications regarding the emergence of vancomycin-resistantS. aureus(VRSA); 8 of 13 reported VRSA cases have been from Michigan. A retrospective case-case-control study was conducted at the Detroit Medical Center, located in southeastern Michigan. Unique patients with VRE. faecalisinfection were matched to patients with strains of vancomycin-susceptible (VS)E. faecalisand to uninfected controls at a 1:1:1 ratio. Five hundred thirty-two VRE. faecaliscases were identified and were matched to 532 VSE. faecaliscases and 532 uninfected controls. The overall mean age of the study cohort (n= 1,596) was 63.0 ± 17.4 years, and 747 (46.8%) individuals were male. Independent predictors for the isolation of VRE. faecalis(but not VSE. faecalis) compared to uninfected controls were an age of ≥65 years, nonhome residence, diabetes mellitus, peripheral vascular disease, exposure to cephalosporins and fluoroquinolones in the prior 3 months, and immunosuppressive status. Invasive procedures and/or surgery, chronic skin ulcers, and indwelling devices were risk factors for both VRE. faecalisand VSE. faecalisisolation. Cephalosporin and fluoroquinolone exposures were unique, independent predictors for isolation of VRE. faecalis. A majority of case patients had VRE. faecalispresent at the time of admission. Control of VRE. faecalis, and ultimately VRSA, will likely require regional efforts focusing on infection prevention and antimicrobial stewardship.

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Denotti, Gloria, Rosaria Piga, Caterina Montaldo, Matteo Erriu, Francesca Pilia, Alessandra Piras, Massimo De Luca, and Germano Orrù. "In Vitro Evaluation of Enterococcus faecalis Adhesion on Various Endodontic Medicaments." Open Dentistry Journal 3, no. 1 (June 9, 2009): 120–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1874210600903010120.

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E. faecalisin endodontic infection represents a biofilm type of disease, which explains the bacteria’s resistance to various antimicrobial compounds and the subsequent failure after endodontic treatment. The purpose of this study was to compare antimicrobial activities and bacteria kinetic adhesionin vitrofor three endodontic medicaments with a clinical isolate ofE. faecalis. We devised a shake culture which contained the following intracanalar preparations: CPD, Endoidrox (EIX), PulpCanalSealer (PCS); these were immersed in a liquid culture medium inoculated with the microorganism. The shake system velocity was able to prevent non-specific bacteria adhesion and simulated the salivary flow. Specimens were collected daily (from both the medium and medicaments) for 10 days; the viable cells were counted by plate count, while the adhesion index AI° [E. faecalisfg DNA] /mm2was evaluated in the pastes after DNA extraction, by quantitative real time PCR for the 16S rRNA gene. A partial growth inhibition, during the first 24 hours, was observed in the liquid medium and on the medicaments for EIX and subsequently for CPD (six logs). EIX showed the lowest adhesion coefficient (5*102[fg DNA]/mm2) for nine days and was similar to the control. PCS showed no antimicrobial/antibiofilm properties. This showed that “calcium oxide” base compounds could be active against biofilm progression and at least in the short term (2-4 days) onE. faecaliscells growing in planktonic cultures.

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Sung, Chang-Hyun, Jung-Whan Chon, Hyo-Sun Kwak, Hyunsook Kim, and Kun-Ho Seo. "Prevalence and Antimicrobial Resistance of Enterococus faecalis and Enterococcus faecium Isolated from Beef, Pork, Chicken and Sashimi." Korean Journal for Food Science of Animal Resources 33, no. 1 (February 28, 2013): 133–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.5851/kosfa.2013.33.1.133.

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Mourand, Gwenaëlle, Eric Jouy, Stéphanie Bougeard, Alexandra Dheilly, Annaëlle Kérouanton, Salman Zeitouni, and Isabelle Kempf. "Experimental study of the impact of antimicrobial treatments on Campylobacter, Enterococcus and PCR-capillary electrophoresis single-strand conformation polymorphism profiles of the gut microbiota of chickens." Journal of Medical Microbiology 63, no. 11 (November 1, 2014): 1552–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/jmm.0.074476-0.

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An experiment was conducted to compare the impact of antimicrobial treatments on the susceptibility of Campylobacter, Enterococcus faecium and Enterococcus faecalis, and on the diversity of broiler microbiota. Specific-pathogen-free chickens were first orally inoculated with strains of Campylobacter and Enterococcus faecium. Birds were then orally treated with recommended doses of oxytetracycline, sulfadimethoxine/trimethoprim, amoxicillin or enrofloxacin. Faecal samples were collected before, during and after antimicrobial treatment. The susceptibility of Campylobacter, Enterococcus faecium and Enterococcus faecalis strains isolated on supplemented or non-supplemented media was studied and PCR-capillary electrophoresis single-strand conformation polymorphism (CE-SSCP) profiles of the gut microbiota were analysed. Enrofloxacin-resistant Campylobacter were selected in the enrofloxacin-treated group and showed the Thr86Ile mutation in the gyrA gene. Acquisition of the tetO gene in Campylobacter coli isolates was significantly more frequent in birds given oxytetracycline. No impact of amoxicillin treatment on the susceptibility of Campylobacter could be detected. Ampicillin- and sulfadimethoxine/trimethoprim-resistant Enterococcus faecium were selected in amoxicillin-treated broilers, but no selection of the inoculated vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium could be detected, although it was also resistant to tetracycline and sulfadimethoxine/trimethoprim. PCR-CE-SSCP revealed significant variations in a few peaks in treated birds as compared with non-treated chickens. In conclusion, antimicrobial treatments perturbed chicken gut microbiota, and certain antimicrobial treatments selected or co-selected resistant strains of Campylobacter and Enterococcus.

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Astria, Nathania, Ari Subiyanto, and Latief Mooduto. "Daya bunuh dan daya hambat antimikrobial chlorhexidine 2% dan povidone iodine 1% sebagai medikamen saluran akar terhadap Enterococcus faecalis The ability of chlorhexidine 2% and povidone iodine 1% as root canal medicaments to kill and inhibit Enterococcus faecalis." Conservative Dentistry Journal 7, no. 1 (September 27, 2019): 12. http://dx.doi.org/10.20473/cdj.v7i1.2017.12-17.

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Background. Enterococcus faecalis is one of the pathogenic organisms associated with root canal treatment failure and apical periodontitis. Root canal medicament is needed to prevent re-infection in the root canal and increase the success of treatment. Chlorhexidine and povidone iodine is a broad spectrum root canal medicaments that can kill gram-positive bacteria. Purpose. The purpose of this study was to discover the ability to kill and inhibit of antimicrobial chlorhexidine 2% and 1% povidone iodine asvroot canal medicaments against bacteria Enterococcus faecalis. Methode. This research was done by measuring the inhibition zone and count the number of colonies. Determination of the inhibition of root canal medicaments against Enterococcus faecalis by diffusion method. 10 microliter root canal medicaments dropped on paperdisk and placed on nutrient agar media with enterococcus faecalis, then inhibition zone was calculated. Determination ability to kill enterococcus faecalis is done by inserting 1 ml medicaments root canal into 5 ml BHIB media, then 0.05 ml inoculum of Enterococcus faecalis inserted into each tube, except the negative control. 0.1 ml of each tube implanted in the media nutrient agar. Media incubated for 24 hours, then Enterococcus faecalis bacterial colonies that grow in media calculated using the CFU. Results. There no colony growth of enterococcus faecalis in both root canal medicaments. There are significant differences in inhibition zone of 2% chlorhexidine and 1% povidone iodine (p<0.05). Conclusion. Both of root canal medicaments can kill enterococcus faecalis, but chlorhexidine 2% was more capable inhibit Enterococcus faecalis.

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Branley, James, Barbara Yan, and Richard AV Benn. "Vancomycin‐resistant Enterococcus faecalis." Medical Journal of Australia 165, no. 5 (September 1996): 292. http://dx.doi.org/10.5694/j.1326-5377.1996.tb124971.x.

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Noh, Gwang Myeong, Ki Yup Nam, Seung Uk Lee, In Dal Park, and Sang Joon Lee. "Recurrent Enterococcus faecalis Endophthalmitis." Korean Journal of Ophthalmology 33, no. 2 (2019): 200. http://dx.doi.org/10.3341/kjo.2018.0071.

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Thomas, George, V. J. Vivek, Al Thanzeer Usman, Sruthi Viswanath, Tinu Thankachan, and Hareendran Silna. "Enterococcus Faecalis: A Review." Indian Journal of Contemporary Dentistry 6, no. 1 (2018): 32. http://dx.doi.org/10.5958/2320-5962.2018.00008.6.

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Hedl, M. "Enterococcus faecalis mevalonate kinase." Protein Science 13, no. 3 (February 6, 2004): 687–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1110/ps.03367504.

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Fernández Fernández, F. J., J. de la Fuente Aguado, M. Rubianes González, S. Pérez Fernández, M. Álvarez Fernández, A. Nodar Germiñas, B. Sopeña Pérez-Argüelles, and C. Martínez Vázquez. "Bacteriemia por Enterococcus faecalis." Revista Clínica Española 204, no. 5 (May 2004): 244–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1157/13061409.

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Álvarez Fernández, M., F. J. Fernández Fernández, J. de la Fuente Aguado, M. Rubianes González, S. Pérez Fernández, A. Nodar Germiñas, B. Sopeña Pérez-Argüelles, and C. Martínez Vázquez. "Bacteriemia por Enterococcus faecalis." Revista Clínica Española 204, no. 5 (January 2004): 244–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0014-2565(04)71449-6.

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Dahl, Anders, Rasmus V. Rasmussen, Henning Bundgaard, Christian Hassager, Louise E. Bruun, Trine K. Lauridsen, Claus Moser, Peter Sogaard, Magnus Arpi, and Niels E. Bruun. "Enterococcus faecalis Infective Endocarditis." Circulation 127, no. 17 (April 30, 2013): 1810–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1161/circulationaha.112.001170.

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Tierno, Philip M., Kenneth Inglima, Mohammad A. Mirza, and Jason Moen. "Vancomycin-dependent Enterococcus faecalis." Clinical Microbiology Newsletter 21, no. 24 (December 1999): 197–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0196-4399(00)87904-0.

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Farrag, Nadia, Ian Eltringham, and Helen Liddy. "Vancomycin-dependent Enterococcus faecalis." Lancet 348, no. 9041 (December 1996): 1581–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0140-6736(96)24049-8.

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Normanita, Rina. "Validity Of Congo Red Agar And Modified Congo Red Agar To Detect Biofilm Of Enterococcus Faecalis." Saintika Medika 16, no. 1 (June 27, 2020): 55. http://dx.doi.org/10.22219/sm.vol16.smumm1.11064.

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Purpose: Enterococcus faecalis causes nosocomial infections such as bacteremia, urinary tract infections, intra-abdominal infections, and endocarditis. These infection is associated with biofilm and intrinsically resistant to many antibiotics. This study aims to determine the validity of the CRA and MCRA for detecting biofilms of Enterococcus faecalis Method: This is a laboratory observational study with 30 sample of Enterococcus faecalis. We performed biofilm examination for Enterococcus faecalis by using Congo red Agar, Modified Congo red Agar and Microtitter Plate Assay as gold standard. Result: Both MCRA and CRA were compared MPA as a gold standard was obtained p value is 0.309 (p> 0.05), with a Kappa agreement coefficient is 0.067, which indicates there is no significant agreement to detect biofilm of Enterococcus faecalis. MCRA and CRA have almost no compatibility with MPA for biofilm forming of Enterococcus faecalis. Conclusion: Both MCRA and CRA has a very high sensitivity (100%), but the specificity is very low 6.67% for detecting the biofilms of Enterococcus faecalis. MCRA and CRA can not determine negativity well and it have a high false positive rate, so to increase specificity of biofilm forming, we must combine these method with the others. Keywords: Biofilm, Enterococcus faecalis, CRA, MCRA, MPA.

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Reyes Salazar, Nicole Nohelia, José Gonzalo Sánchez Ormeño, Madeleynne Evelyn Salas Izquierdo, Alvaro Alexis Salvatierra Paucar, Naomi Deniss Diaz Iturrizaga, and Donald Ramos Perfecto. "Enterococcus faecalis: patogeno de relevancia clinica en tratamiento endodonticos fallidos." Kiru 17, no. 3 (September 30, 2020): 169–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.24265/kiru.2020.v17n3.08.

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Boyarshin, K. S., I. A. Kriklivyi, A. D. Yaremchuk, and M. A. Tukalo. "Cloning, expression and purification of tRNAPro from bacteria Enterococcus faecalis." Biopolymers and Cell 25, no. 6 (November 20, 2009): 445–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.7124/bc.0007f6.

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Kunarti, Sri, Amellia Tjandra, and Edhie Arif Prasetyo. "EFFICACY OF DIODE LASSER 405 NM WITH CHLOROPHYLLS AS PHOTOSENSITIZER ON Enterococcus faecalis." Conservative Dentistry Journal 8, no. 2 (December 5, 2019): 91. http://dx.doi.org/10.20473/cdj.v8i2.2018.91-95.

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Background: The presence of persistent infections in the root canals by microorganisms causes root canal failure. The most commonly found bacteria that cause persistent infection is Enterococcus faecalis. PDI / photodynamic inactivation is an in vitro approach to inactivation of microorganisms. The combination of light and photosensitivity of chlorophyll in PDI will cause photoinactivation in bacteria. Long radiation of PDT can affect the production of singlet oxygen and ROS (Reactive Oxygen Species) to kill Enterococcus faecalis bacteria. Objective: To prove the effect of 405 nm laser diode with and without chlorophyll photosensitizer and the irradiation effect of 405 nm laser diode on the number of CFU of Enterococcus faecalis bacteria. Method: This study used the Enterococcus faecalis bacteria cultur which was divided into 5 groups. Group I as control group, Group II irradiation 30 ', III chlorophyll + irradiation 30', IV irradiation 60 ', V chlorophyll + irradiation 60'. After incubation, the bacteria count was calculated with Quebec Colony Counter and analyzed by Shapiro-Wilk test, Levene test and Anova test. Results: There were significant differences (p <0.05) between the number of colonies of Enterococcus faecalis bacteria in each treatment group. Longer duration of PDT exposure (Group II and IV) with chlorophyll showed less number of Enterococcus faecalis bacteria. Conclusion: The longer the PDT irradiation, the less number of Enterococcus faecalis bacteria. The 60-second radiation with chlorophyll showed the least amount of Enterococcus faecalis bacteria.

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Febrianti, Shinta Nurmaraya, Twi Agnita Agnita Cevanti, and Henu Sumekar. "The Secondary Metabolites Screening and the Effectiveness (Ananas comosus (L.) Merr of the Queen Pineapple Stems in Decreasing the Number of Enterococcus faecalis’s Colonies." DENTA 10, no. 1 (February 1, 2016): 89. http://dx.doi.org/10.30649/denta.v10i1.41.

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Background: A cause of endodontic treatment failure was sterilization process error so that bacterias still left in the root canal. Enterococcus faecalis were resistant to sterilization medicines, it was necessary to develop natural sterilization medicines such as the Queen pineapple stems that had the antibacterial content. Purpose: The aim of this research was to determine the effectivity of the Queen pineapple (Ananas comosus (L.) Merr) stems extract in decreasing the Enterococcus faecalis’s colonies Materials and Methods: This research was true experimental with the post test only control group design. The Queen pineapple stems extract tested its secondary metabolites contents. Enterococcus faecalis ATCC 29212 cultured in Brain Heart Infusion Broth synchronized with Mc Farland 0,5 solution and divided into seven groups (n=7). It used dilution series method, each BHIB tube given by the 100% extract (P1); 50% (P2); 25% (P3); 12,5% (P4) ; 6,25% (P5) ; 3,125% (P6) and without the extract( K(-)), incubated for 24 hours and streaked on Mueller Hinton Agar and incubated for 24 hours, then calculate the colonies’ amount ofrr each group. Datas analyzed by Mann-Whitney U-Test because only 50% and 25% concentration can be calculated. Result: The result showed that the Queen pineapple stems contained flavonoids, tannins, alkaloids, saponins, also there were significant differences among the 50% and 25% concentration groups p<0.05. Conclusion: The Queen pineapple stems extract’s 50% concentration was effective to decrease the number of Enterococcus faecalis’s colonies.

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Gita Tarigan, Trimurni Abidin, and Harry Agusnar. "EFEK ANTIBAKTERI SEA CUCUMBER (STICHOPUS VARIEGATUS) SEBAGAI BAHAN MEDIKAMEN SALURAN AKAR TERHADAP BAKTERI ENTEROCOCCUS FAECALIS." Dentika: Dental Journal 17, no. 4 (December 12, 2013): 366–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.32734/dentika.v17i4.1789.

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Tujuan perawatan endodonti adalah untuk mengeliminasi mikroorganisme dan beberapa produk saluran akar sehingga gigi dapat dipertahankan selama mungkin di dalam mulut. Banyak bakteri yang didapat dalam saluran akar, salah satunya adalah bakteri anaerob yaitu Enterococcus faecalis, bakteri ini umumnya yang paling banyak ditemukan dalam saluran akar. Umumnya bakteri ini didapat karena adanya kegagalan dalam perawatan saluran akar. Bahan medikamen yang umumya digunakan di klinik adalah kalsium hidroksida. Sea cucumber adalah salah satu bahan alam yang sudah banyak digunakan dibidang kesehatan. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk menentukan efek Sea cucumber dalam membunuh bakteri Enterococcus faecalis. Efek Sea cucumber terhadap bakteri Enterococcus faecalis dilakukan pada konsentrasi (0,1%, 0,2%, 0,25%, 0,3%, 0,4%, 0,5%) dengan waktu (4, 6, 8, dan 24jam) dan dilakukan pengukuran viabilitas dengan menggunakan 3-(4,5- dimethythiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazoliun bromide (MTT) assay dan dibaca dengan microplate reader panjang gelombang 650 nm. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan Sea cucumber memiliki efek terhadap Enterococcus faecalis dari waktu 4jam sampai 6 jam dengan konsentrasi yang terbaik adalah 0,3%, sedangkan pada waktu 8 jam konsentrasi yang terbaik dalam membunuh bakteri Enterococcus faecalis adalah 0,5%. Konsentrasi yang paling kecil yaitu 0,2% didapat pada waktu 24 jam. Secara statistik Sea cucumber memiliki efek terhadap Enterococcus faecalis dengan hasil yang signifikan (p< 0,05). Sebagai kesimpulan, Sea cucumber efektif terhadap Enterococcus faecalis.

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Mirovic, Veljko. "Antibiotic resistance of hospital strains of Enterococcus faecalis and Enterococcus faecium." Vojnosanitetski pregled 59, no. 5 (2002): 499–506. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/vsp0205499m.

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The aim of this study was to determine the resistance of Enterococcus faecalis (E. faecalis) and Enterococcus faecium (E. faecium) to penicillin, ampicillin, vancomycin, teicoplanin, gentamicin (high level), streptomycin (high level), oxytetracycline, chloramphenicol, rifampin, erythromycin, ciprofloxacin, norfloxacin, and nitrofurantoin from clinical specimens during 1999. The resistance of enterococci to antibiotics was determined by disk diffusion and dilution methods according to the American National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards guidelines. The production of ?-lactamase was determined by nitrocefin disks. In E. faecalis and E. faecium isolates (n=111 and n=48) the frequency of the resistance to both penicillins was 0.9% and 89.6%, respectively. All enterococci isolates were ?-lactamase negative. Only one strain of E. faecium was vancomycin resistant (Van A fenotype). Among E. faecalis isolates (n=109) high level gentamicin resistance (HLGR), high level streptomycin resistance (HLSR), and resistance to both agents was 52.3%, 50.4%, and 43.7%, respectively. Among E. faecium isolates (n=48) HLGR, HLSR, and to both agents were 68.7%, 75%, and 62.5% respectively. The majority of E. faecium isolates were resistant to both penicillin and ampicillin. E. faecalis remained susceptible to penicillins. Moreover, there was a very high incidence of enterococci resistant to high level aminoglycosides.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Enteroccus faecalis'

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