Relevant bibliographies by topics / Enteral formulae

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  2. Dissertations / Theses
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  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers

Academic literature on the topic 'Enteral formulae'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 20 February 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Enteral formulae"

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Borges, Viviane Chaer. "Specialized enteral formulae for diabetic patients." Nutrition 19, no. 2 (February 2003): 196–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0899-9007(02)00848-1.

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Rabito, E. I., M. A. Soares, J. Hammerschmitt, A. P. H. Rabuske, R. D. Thieme, C. E. Mazur, and M. E. M. Schieferdecker. "Cost-effectiveness of different home enteral nutrition formulae categories." Clinical Nutrition 37 (September 2018): S134. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.clnu.2018.06.1501.

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O'Keefe, Stephen J. D., Ronzo B. Lee, Frank P. Anderson, Chris Gennings, Souheil Abou-Assi, John Clore, Douglas Heuman, and William Chey. "Physiological effects of enteral and parenteral feeding on pancreaticobiliary secretion in humans." American Journal of Physiology-Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology 284, no. 1 (January 1, 2003): G27—G36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpgi.00155.2002.

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In the nutritional management of digestive disorders, it is important to know the relative secretory and metabolic responses to enteral and parenteral feeding. Twenty-seven healthy volunteers were studied while receiving either oral drinks or duodenal infusions of a complex formula diet, duodenal or intravenous infusions of elemental (protein as free amino acids, low fat) formulae, or saline. Pancreaticobiliary secretory responses were measured by nasoduodenal polyethylene glycol perfusion and aspiration, while monitoring blood hormone and nutrient levels. Diets were matched for protein (1.5 g · kg−1· d−1) and energy (40 kcal · kg−1· d−1). Compared with placebo, all oroenteral diets stimulated amylase, lipase, trypsin, and bile acid secretion and increased plasma concentrations of gastrin and cholecystokinin, whereas intravenous feeding did not. The complex formula produced a similar response whether given as drinks or duodenal infusions. Changing the duodenal formula to elemental reduced enzyme secretion by 50%, independently of CCK. Higher increases in plasma insulin, glucose, and amino acids were noted with intravenous feeding. Delivering food directly to the intestine by a feeding tube does not reduce pancreaticobiliary secretion. Enteral “elemental” formulae diminish, but only intravenous feeding avoids pancreatic stimulation. Intravenous administration impairs metabolic clearance.
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Hanßmann, K., P. Fst, and P. Stehle. "P.6 Assessment of glutamine in selected proteinbased enteral formulae." Clinical Nutrition 14 (August 1995): 30–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0261-5614(95)80155-3.

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Cirqueira, Alberto Nunes, Fabiana Poltronieri, Deise Caramico, and Vera Silvia Frangella. "Estudo bromatológico de fórmulas artesanais e proposta de protocolo ambulatorial de assistência nutricional enteral." O Mundo da Saúde 33, no. 4 (December 4, 2009): 467–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.15343/0104-7809.20094467479.

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Blaauw, R. "The use of specialised enteral formulae for patients with diabetes mellitus." South African Journal of Clinical Nutrition 23, sup1 (January 2010): 55–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/16070658.2010.11734272.

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Kuroiwa, K., O. Trocki, J. Wesley Alexander, J. Tchervenkov, S. Inoue, and J. L. Nelson. "Effect of vitamin A in enteral formulae for burned guinea-pigs." Burns 16, no. 4 (August 1990): 265–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0305-4179(90)90137-l.

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Brammer, Elizabeth M. "Shortcomings of Current Formulae for Long-Term Enteral Feeding in Pediatrics." Nutrition in Clinical Practice 5, no. 4 (August 1990): 160–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0115426590005004160.

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Mesa, Maria D., Josune Olza, Carolina Gonzalez-Anton, Concepcion M. Aguilera, Rosario Moreno-Torres, Africa Jimenez, Antonio Perez de la Cruz, Azahara I. Ruperez, and Angel Gil. "Changes in Oxidative Stress and Inflammatory Biomarkers in Fragile Adults over Fifty Years of Age and in Elderly People Exclusively Fed Enteral Nutrition." Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity 2016 (2016): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/5709312.

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We aim to evaluate whether exclusive feeding of an enteral formula enriched withn-3 long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 LC-PUFA) affects oxidative stress and the antioxidant defence system and may improve the levels of some relevant inflammatory, and cardiovascular biomarkers in frail adults over fifty years of age and in elderly subjects. Fifty-five patients were divided into two groups and were exclusively fed a newly designed normoproteic and isocaloric enteral formula enriched with eicosapentaenoic (98 mg/d) and docosahexaenoic acids (46 mg/d) (n=26) or a reference enteral diet (n=29). Oxidative, inflammatory and cardiovascular risk biomarkers and red blood cell fatty acid profiles were determined at the beginning and after 90 and 180 days of feeding. Then-3 LC-PUFA percentage tended to be higher (P=0.053) in the experimental group than in the reference group. Administration of then-3 LC-PUFA diet did not increase oxidative stress or modify plasma antioxidant capacity but decreased antioxidant enzymatic activities. MMP-9 plasma concentration decreased with both formulae, whereas tPAI-1 tended to decrease (P=0.116) with the administration of the experimental formula. In conclusion, administration of the newn-3 LC-PUFA-enriched product for 6 months did not negatively alter the oxidative status and improved some cardiovascular risk biomarkers.
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Shunova, Anna, Katrin A. Böckmann, Michaela Minarski, Axel R. Franz, Cornelia Wiechers, Christian F. Poets, and Wolfgang Bernhard. "Choline Content of Term and Preterm Infant Formulae Compared to Expressed Breast Milk—How Do We Justify the Discrepancies?" Nutrients 12, no. 12 (December 13, 2020): 3815. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu12123815.

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Choline/phosphatidylcholine concentrations are tightly regulated in all organs and secretions. During rapid organ growth in the third trimester, choline requirement is particularly high. Adequate choline intake is 17–18 mg/kg/day in term infants, whereas ~50–60 mg/kg/day is required to achieve fetal plasma concentrations in preterm infants. Whereas free choline is supplied via the placenta, other choline carriers characterize enteral feeding. We therefore quantified the concentrations and types of choline carriers and choline-related components in various infant formulae and fortifiers compared to breast milk, and calculated the supply at full feeds (150 mL/kg/day) using tandem mass spectrometry. Choline concentration in formula ranged from values below to far above that of breastmilk. Humana 0-VLB (2015: 60.7 mg/150 mL; 2020: 27.3 mg/150 mL), Aptamil-Prematil (2020: 34.7 mg/150 mL), Aptamil-Prematil HA (2020: 37.6 mg/150 mL) for preterm infants with weights < 1800 g, and Humana 0 (2020: 41.6 mg/150 mL) for those > 1800 g, comprised the highest values in formulae studied. Formulae mostly were rich in free choline or phosphatidylcholine rather than glycerophosphocholine and phosphocholine (predominating in human milk). Most formulae (150 mL/kg/day) do not supply the amounts and physiologic components of choline required to achieve fetal plasma choline concentrations. A revision of choline content in formulae and breast milk fortifiers and a clear declaration of the choline components in formulae is required to enable informed choices.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Enteral formulae"

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Athar, Nelofar, of Western Sydney Hawkesbury University, and Faculty of Science and Technology. "Development of indigenous enteral formulae." THESIS_FST_XXX_Athar_N.xml, 1995. http://handle.uws.edu.au:8081/1959.7/609.

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A procedure for preparing an enteral formula was developed, using Pakistani indigenous food items. The basis of development was that it would be nutritionally effective, easy to prepare and relatively cheap. 100 indigenous enteral diets were formulated using a computer aided master sheet in which various combinations were analysed. In order to prove the efficacy of these diets, a modified PER was carried out on 6 diets and results indicated a higher PER for the experimental diet. 29 formulations were shortlisted for preparation trials, and 2 main techniques were applied: incubation and cooking techniques. Physical and chemical analyses were carried out to assess the effect of preparation, the cooking methodologies were tried on various diets and 2 diets were shortlisted for human trials. To compare the efficacy of the indigenous enteral formula versus commercial formulae, a pilot study was carried out. Patient nutritional outcomes were assessed using biochemical parameters, and preliminary findings indicated that the experimental diet performed as well as the control diet.
Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)
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Athar, Nelofar. "Development of indigenous enteral formulae." Thesis, View thesis View thesis, 1995. http://handle.uws.edu.au:8081/1959.7/609.

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A procedure for preparing an enteral formula was developed, using Pakistani indigenous food items. The basis of development was that it would be nutritionally effective, easy to prepare and relatively cheap. 100 indigenous enteral diets were formulated using a computer aided master sheet in which various combinations were analysed. In order to prove the efficacy of these diets, a modified PER was carried out on 6 diets and results indicated a higher PER for the experimental diet. 29 formulations were shortlisted for preparation trials, and 2 main techniques were applied: incubation and cooking techniques. Physical and chemical analyses were carried out to assess the effect of preparation, the cooking methodologies were tried on various diets and 2 diets were shortlisted for human trials. To compare the efficacy of the indigenous enteral formula versus commercial formulae, a pilot study was carried out. Patient nutritional outcomes were assessed using biochemical parameters, and preliminary findings indicated that the experimental diet performed as well as the control diet.
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Athar, Nelofar. "Development of indigenous enteral formulae /." View thesis View thesis, 1995. http://library.uws.edu.au/adt-NUWS/public/adt-NUWS20030521.092507/index.html.

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Kruger, Jeanne-Marié. "Efficacy and safety of acidified enteral formulae in tube fed patients in an intensive care unit /." Link to online version, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10019/564.

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Kruger, Jeanne-Marie. "Efficacy and safety of acidified enteral formulae in tube fed patients in an intensive care unit." Thesis, Stellenbosch : University of Stellenbosch, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/1943.

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Thesis (MNutr (Human Nutrition))--University of Stellenbosch, 2006.
INTRODUCTION: The primary objective was to determine whether acidified formulae (pH 3.5 and 4.5) decreased gastric and tracheal colonisation, as well as microbial contamination of the enteral feeding delivery system, compared with a non-acidified control formula (pH 6.8) in critically ill patients. Secondary objectives included tolerance of the trial formulae and mortality in relation to the administration of acidified formulas. DESIGN: The trial was a controlled, double-blinded, randomised clinical trial of three parallel groups at a single centre. METHOD: Sixty-seven mechanically ventilated, medical and surgical critically ill patients were randomised according to their APACHE II scores and included in the trial. Patients received either an acidified (pH 3.5 or 4.5) or control polymeric enteral formula via an 8-Fr nasogastric tube at a continuous rate. Daily samples were taken for microbiologic analyses of the enteral formulae at various stages of reconstitution and at 6-hour and 24-hour intervals during administration thereof (feeding bottle and delivery set). Daily patient samples included nasogastric and tracheal aspirates, haematological evaluation and gastro-intestinal tolerance. The trial period terminated when patients were extubated, transferred from the ICU, enteral nutrition became contraindicated, a patient died, or for a maximum of 21 days. RESULTS: Gastric pH showed no significant difference (p = 0.86) between the 3 feeding groups [pH 3.5 (n = 23), pH 4.5 (n = 23) and pH 6.8 (n = 21)] at baseline prior to the administration of enteral formulae. After initiation of feeds, the gastric pH decreased significantly (p< 0.0001) in the acidified formulae as compared to the control formula during the trial period. Patients who received acidified enteral formulae (pH 3.5 and 4.5) had significantly less (p < 0.0001) contamination from the feeding bottles and delivery systems in respect of Enterobacteriacea, and Enterococcus., The more acidified group (pH 3.5) showed significantly less gastric contamination (p = 0.029) with Enterobacteriacea, , but not for fungi. The 3.5 acidified group also had the lowest gastric growth in terms of colony counts (≤104) of these organisms, but not for fungi, when compared to the control group (≤105). Vomiting episodes were 22% and abdominal distension 12%, with a higher incidence in the control group. Adverse events occurred equally between the groups with a higher, but not significantly different incidence of 37% in the control group and 32% for the acidified groups. There was no evidence of gastro-intestinal bleeding in any patient. Overall, the mortality rate in this trial was 6%, with 6.5% for the acidified groups (n=46) and 4.8% for the control group (n=21), a statistically insignificant difference. CONCLUSION: Acidified enteral formulae significantly decrease gastric colonisation by preserving gastric acidity that decreases the growth of Enterobacteriaceaes organisms. Acidified formulae significantly decrease bacterial contamination of the enteral feeding system (bottle and delivery set) of Enterobacteriaceae and Enterococcus organisms. Acidified formulae are tolerated well in critically ill patients.
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Bronston, Ashley Lynn. "Use of Homemade Blenderized Formula in Gastrostomy Tube Dependent Pediatric Patients with Feeding Intolerance: A Retrospective Analysis." The Ohio State University, 2016. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1461197803.

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Salado, Gersislei A. "Resposta nutricional de pacientes hospitalizados tratados com dieta formulada de hidrolisado proteico de soja." [s.n.], 1997. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/254941.

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Orientador: Maria Antonia Martins Galeazzi
Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia de Alimentos
Made available in DSpace on 2018-07-22T07:34:53Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Salado_GersisleiA_D.pdf: 8854755 bytes, checksum: 64b0fa8c247cdb74395c56855e4885b0 (MD5) Previous issue date: 1997
Resumo: O objetivo deste trabalho, foi avallar a eficiência terapêutica de uma dieta enteral, formulada com hidrolisado protéico de soja na recuperação de pacientes desnutridos. O hidrolisado foi obtido por processo enzimático descontínuo em reator de hidrólise, com controle de pH durante a reação, concentração do substrato 5,0% e relação E/S 1:20, e 6h de duração. O rendimento do processo foi elevado, sendo determinado pelo nitrogênio solúvel em TCA a 10%, que foi 79,81% e o nitrogênio do sobrenadante após a centrifugação do produto final foi de 85,35%. Pela cromatografia de exclusão molecular observou-se alto rendimento em peptídeos de baixo peso. Na avallação da eficiência nutricional a dieta formulada com o hidrolisado na recuperação de ratos wistar adultos desnutridos, foi idêntica à que seria utilizada com humanos, variando-se apenas a composição de minerais, que foram adicionados de acordo com as necessidades de ratos adultos, segundo AIN-93. Os animais recuperaram o peso na mesma velocidade e proporção dos animais controle, sob dieta de caseína. A recuperação do peso foi muito rápida até a 3ª semana, quando então os animais mantidos com a dieta de HPS se igualaram ao controle. Os parâmetros sanguíneos analisados revelou plena recuperação com todas as dietas experimentais, porém ficou evidente a superioridade do hidrolisado. Os estudos de perfusão, feitos para verificar a eficiência na absorção pelas estruturas intestinais de animais desnutridos e posteriormente recuperados, não revelou diferença entre os grupos, demonstrando que o hidrolisado foi eficientemente absorvido, mesmo pela mucosa de ratos desnutridos. A histologia do fígado e do intestino de animais mantidos sob dieta a protéica e depois recuperados com as dietas experimentais, demonstrou danos moderadamente severos provocados pela desnutrição, e a recuperação com a dieta contendo o hidrofisado foi semelhante aos animais do grupo controle, tanto para as estruturas do fígado como do intestino. A dieta formulada para recuperação de pacientes desnutridos continha: 16,0% de proteína na forma de hidrolisado de soja, 24,0% de lipídio composto por gordura de coco, 60,0% de carboidratos, fornecidos pela maltodextrina, e minerais e vitaminas para cobrir as necessidades recomendadas pela ROA (1989). A análise sensorial da dieta pelo teste afetivo indicou que o sabor inviabilizaria o seu uso por via oral. Os pacientes receberam a dieta por via enteral, através de sondas nasogástricas e jejunal. Foram alimentados 8 pacientes hospitalizados, sendo 75,0% considerados moderadamente desnutridos e 25,0% severamente desnutridos. A duração média do tratamento foi de 12 dias, e durante este período verificou-se aumento de peso, elevação nos índices de albumina, transferrina, proteínas totais, e balanço nitrogenado positivo. Não foram observados a ocorrência de cólicas abdominais, vômitos ou diarréias. Conclui-se diante destes resultados que a dieta enteral formulada com hidrolisado protéico de soja, tanto na recuperação de animais, como de pacientes desnutridos, demonstrou eficiência e ausência de sintomas adversos
Abstract: The aim of this work was to evaluate the therapeutic efficiency of an enteral diet formulated with soy protein hydrolyzate on the recovery of starving patients. The hydrolysate was obtained by descontinuous enzymatic process in a hydrolysis reactor under pH control, substrat concentration of 5% and EIS relation of 1 :20, during six hours. The output of the process was elevated this was determined by soluble nitrogen in a TCA at 10% which was 79,81 %; and the nitrogen of the suspended final material after centrifugation, which was 85,35%. The chromatography by molecular exclusion indicated output in low weight peptides. Evaluation of the nutritional efficiency of the formulated diet with the hydrolysate, on the recovery of starving adult wistar rats, was identical to that used with humans, varying only the mineral composition, which was added according to the necessitites of adults rats, following the AIN-93. The animals recovered their weight in the same velocity and proportion of the control animals. under a casein diet. The animals maintained with a HPS diet reveled full recovery with all the experimental diets. although it was evident the superiority of the hydrolysate. The blood parameters verified in the experiment with animals revealed suitable recuperation with all the experimental diet. Studies of perfusion, done to verify the efficiency in the absorption by the intestinal structures of starving animals and afterwards recovered, did not revel differences among groups, demonstrating that the hydrolysate was efficiently absorbed, even by the mucous of starving rats. Liver and intestine of animals maintained under non protein diet. and afterwards recovered with the experimental diets, demonstrated moderately severe damages provoked by starvation, and recovery with the hydrolysate diet was similar to the group of control animals for both the liver and the intestine structures. Diet formulated to recover de starving patients contained: 16% of protein in the form of soy hydrolysate; 24% of lipids formed by coconut fat; 60% of carbohydrates furnished by maltodextrins; and minerals and vitamins sufficient to cover the RDA (1989) recommendations. Sensorial analyses of the diet by the likeability test indicated that flavor would impair the use of oral diet. Patients received an enteral diet through nasogas1ric and enteral tube. Eight hospitalized patients were fed, of whom 75,0% were considered to be starving moderately and 25,0% were starving severely. The average period of treatment was 12 days. During this time a weight gain was observed, as well as an elevation of the albumin, transfenin, total Protein levels and a positive nitrogen balance. It was not observed the onset of abdominal pain, vomits, or diarrhea. According to these results, it is possible to conclude that the formulated diet with soy Protein hydrolysate was efficient to recover animal as well as starving patients without adverse symptoms
Doutorado
Doutor em Ciência da Nutrição
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Calheiros, Karina de Oliveira. "Elaboração de formulados nutricionais alternativos a partir de alimentos convencionais para a alimentação de idosos." Universidade de São Paulo, 2008. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/11/11141/tde-13102008-145719/.

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O objetivo geral deste trabalho foi elaborar formulados alternativos, à base de mistura de alimentos convencionais, provenientes da cesta básica distribuída por entidades do município de Piracicaba-SP, entre outros alimentos, com o intuito de suplementar a alimentação enteral de idosos. Os alimentos utilizados para a elaboração dos formulados foram fubá, óleo de soja, arroz, feijão, macarrão, sardinha, leite em pó, amido de milho, ovos, proteína texturizada de soja, couve- manteiga e cenoura. Foram realizadas análises físicas: gotejamento e viscosidade; análises químicas: composição centesimal, digestibilidade de proteína, determinação do mineral ferro, diálise de ferro in vitro, determinação de -caroteno e fatores antinutricionais, assim como fenólicos totais e ácido fítico; análises microbiológicas: Salmonella, Bacillus cereus, Estafilococos coagulase positiva e Coliformes totais; análise de custos dos formulados e elaboração do manual de boas práticas de manipulação. Os resultados obtidos foram submetidos às análises estatísticas, empregando-se o teste de Tukey, utilizando o software SAS (1996) e análises de regressão, pelo programa Microsoft Office Excel (2003). Concluiuse, com esse estudo, que os formulados líquidos apresentaram os melhores resultados nutricionais, físicos, microbiológicos, e a maior viabilidade econômica, sendo, por isso, sugeridos para a suplementação enteral de idosos. Dentre eles, pode-se eleger uma entre duas alternativas, conforme a necessidade clinica do idoso, considerando-se todos os aspectos nutricionais e físicos dos formulados. O formulado F3 destacou-se nas seguintes características: disponibilidade de ferro, quantidades de -caroteno, digestibilidade, viscosidade e gotejamento. Já o formulado F4 teve destaque na distribuição do valor calórico total de macronutrientes, apresentando valores ideais para os idosos, segundo as recomendações internacionais, além do maior valor calórico entre os formulados e boa viscosidade e gotejamento. No que diz respeito ao valor calórico total, os formulados apresentaram de 131 a 216 calorias por 250ml, os tratamentos líquidos apresentaram valor calórico superior ao dos formulados em pó. Pode-se dizer que os formulados contribuem com percentual médio de 20% de adequação, em relação às recomendações de macronutrientes sugeridas pela DRI (2002) para idosos, quando ingeridas duas porções de 250mL/dia de formulados líquidos ou em pó.
The aim of this study was to develop alternative formulas for elderly enteral feeding using conventional foods from food staples distributed in the city of Piracicaba-SP. The foods used in the formulas were: corn meal, soya oil, rice, beans, pasta, sardine, powder milk, corn starch, eggs, texturized soya protein, cabbage, and carrot. Physical analyses (dripping and viscosity), chemical analyses (centesimal composition, protein digestibility, iron determination, iron dialyses in vitro, -carotene determination, anti-nutritional factors - tannins and phytate), microbiological analyses (Salmonella, Bacillus cereus, positive Staphylococcus coagulase and total Coliforms), cost analyses and elaboration of a manual for good manipulation practices were carried out. Results were analyzed statistically using Tukey test, SAS software (1996) and for regression using Microsoft Office Excel (2003). Liquid formulas presented better nutritional, physical and microbiological results as well as economical viability Therefore were suggested for elderly enteral nourishment. According to the elderly clinical needs, two alternatives are suggested among liquid formulas. The F3 formula is noticeable for iron availability, quantity of -carotene, digestibility, dripping and viscosity. The F4 formulas is noticeable for the total calorie distribution of macronutrients as well as for having a higher number of calories and good viscosity and dripping which is ideal for the elderly, according to international recommendations. The formulas presented a range of 131 to 216 calories/250ml. Liquid formulas presented higher number of calories than powder formulas. The formulas contributed with a 20% adequacy regarding to macronutrient recommendations for the elderly from DRI (2002), when two servings of 250mL.day-1 (powder or liquid) were ingested.
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Barbosa, Júnia Helena Porto. "Quantificação da Nε-carboximetilisina em formulas enterais e parenterais através de Elisa e LC-MS/MS." Universidade Federal de Alagoas, 2014. http://www.repositorio.ufal.br/handle/riufal/1931.

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The advanced glycation endproducts (AGEs) constitute a large variety of compounds formed from nonenzymatic amino-carbonyl interactions between reducing sugars or oxidized lipids and proteins, nucleic acids or aminophospholipids. The AGEs formation in foods and biological systems is a topic of increasing interest for the science, since they are involved in proinflammatory and pro-oxidative effects related to the pathogenesis of chronic degenerative diseases such as diabetes, Alzheimer's disease and renal failure. The Nε-carboxymethyllisine (CML) was the first AGE identified in foods and, since then, has been the compound of choice in studies on which a single product is used as an AGE marker. Immunochemical or instrumental methods are available for the AGEs determination, but they present limitations and there is not an ideal method yet. Thus, in order to compare and optimize different analytical methods, this study aimed to determine the CML content on enteral and parenteral nutrition formulas by ELISA and LC-MS/MS. So, in order to compare and optimize different analytical methods, this study aimed to determine the content of CML in nutritional enteral and parenteral formulas by ELISA and by liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS / MS). Thus, 5 parenteral and 17 enteral commercially available formulations were investigated. All samples studied showed detectable levels of CML, regardless of the method of analysis used. The parenteral formulations presented CML contents measured by ELISA ranging from 529.9 ± 33.47 to 1948.88 ± 3.68 ng CML/mL of sample and showed positive linear correlations to their content in lipids (0.9259) and carbohydrates (0.9426), but they were not submitted to the LC-MS/MS analysis due to the impossibility of applying the established purification protocol for this group of samples. Enteral formulations analyzed by ELISA presented CML contents ranging from 1076.91 ± 76.87 to 55950.71 ± 1891.29 ng CML/mL of sample and showed positive correlations to its contents in carbohydrate (0.6057), lipid (0.5264) and protein (0.6157). They showed a variation from 0.09 to 0.503 μg CML/mg of protein of the diets when analyzed by LC-MS/MS and there was no correlation between CML and the variables "lipid", "carbohydrate" or "protein" calculated for this group. The investigation conducted during the samples preparation prior to injection into the LC-MS/MS showed a significant loss of CML during the different stages of the protocol, compromising the reliability of the results obtained through this method of analysis, while the comparison between the results obtained through different methods applied to similar samples showed the reliability of the anti-CML ELISA test used in this experiments. The results of this study indicate the need for improvement of AGEs analysis protocols in food and should guide future research on this area. The determination of reliable methods of detection, which enable the measurement of AGEs structures in body fluids, tissues and also in food, in a sensitive, specific, fast and not too expensive way is a challenge that remains present on this field.
Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior
Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico
Os produtos da glicação avançada (AGEs, do inglês Advanced Glycation Endproducts) constituem grande variedade de substâncias formadas a partir de interações amino-carbonilo, de natureza não-enzimática, entre açúcares redutores ou lipídeos oxidados e proteínas, aminofosfolipídeos ou ácidos nucléicos. A formação de AGEs nos alimentos e em sistemas biológicos constitui tema de crescente interesse, desde que estão associados a efeitos pró-oxidativos e pró-inflamatórios envolvidos na patogênese de diversas doenças crônico-degenerativas como o diabetes, o mal de Alzheimer, a insuficiência renal. A Nε-carboximetilisina (CML) foi o primeiro AGE a ser identificado em alimentos e tem sido o composto de escolha em estudos em que um único produto é usado como marcador de AGEs de um sistema. Métodos imunoquímicos ou instrumentais estão disponíveis para a determinação da CML, mas ambos apresentam limitações, não havendo ainda um método considerado ideal. Assim, a fim de comparar e otimizar diferentes métodos analíticos, o presente estudo teve como objetivo determinar o conteúdo em CML de fórmulas nutricionais enterais e parenterais através das técnicas de ELISA e de cromatografia líquida acoplada à espectrometria de massa tandem (LC-MS/MS). Para tanto, foram investigadas 5 formulações parenterais e 17 enterais comercialmente disponíveis. Todas as amostras investigadas apresentaram níveis detectáveis de CML neste estudo, independentemente do método de análise utilizado. As fórmulas parenterais apresentaram conteúdos mensurados através de ELISA que variaram de 529,9 ± 33,47 a 1948,88 ± 3,68 ng de CML/mL de amostra e apresentaram correlações lineares positivas quanto aos seus conteúdos em lipídeos (0,9259) e em carboidratos (0,9426), mas não foram submetidas às análises através do LC-MS/MS devido à inviabilidade da aplicação para esse grupo de amostras do protocolo de purificação estabelecido nesta investigação. As formulações enterais apresentaram conteúdos em CML que variaram entre 1076,91 ± 76,87 e 55950,71 ± 1891,29 ng de CML/ mL de amostra e evidenciaram correlações positivas quanto aos seus conteúdos em carboidratos (0,6057), lipídeos (0,5264) e proteínas (0,6157), quando analisadas através de ELISA, e apresentaram uma variação de 0,09 e 0,503 μg CML/ mg de proteína das dietas quando analisadas através do LC-MS/MS, não havendo correlações entre a CML e as variáveis “lipídeos”, “carboidratos” ou “proteínas” para esse grupo. A investigação conduzida durante o processo de preparo das amostras, anterior à injeção no LC-MS/MS, evidenciou uma expressiva perda da CML durante as diferentes etapas do protocolo, comprometendo a confiabilidade dos resultados obtidos através desse método de análise, enquanto a comparação entre os resultados encontrados através dos diferentes métodos aplicados a amostras semelhantes em composição e preparo demonstrou a confiabilidade do teste de ELISA anti-CML utilizado nas condições deste experimento Os resultados do presente estudo apontam a necessidade de aperfeiçoamento dos protocolos de análise de AGEs em alimentos e deverão guiar futuras investigações nesta área. Dentre os desafios que permanecem presentes no campo de estudo dos AGEs está a definição de métodos de detecção confiáveis, que possibilitem a mensuração de estruturas nos fluidos ou tecidos corporais e nos alimentos, de maneira sensível, específica, rápida e não muito dispendiosa.
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Bills, Hannah Bowman. "USE OF HOMEMADE BLENDERIZED FORMULA IN GASTROSTOMY TUBE DEPENDENT PEDIATRIC PATIENTS WITH FEEDING INTOLERANCE: A SERIES CASE STUDY." The Ohio State University, 2015. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1429044001.

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Books on the topic "Enteral formulae"

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Rodríguez Andrade, Ruth, Elía Rafael Giha Jerman, Sebastián Mayorga Jiménez, Hernán Camilo Hurtado Moreno, and Jesús Javier Guevara Santos. Producción de derivados lácteos. Bogotá. Colombia: Universidad de La Salle. Ediciones Unisalle, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.19052/978-958-5136-05-2.

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En este libro usted encuentra una explicación científica de la manera en que se obtiene la leche, así como de los controles que se aplican previamente para que esta y sus derivados sean sanos. Además, se busca dar respuesta a preguntas que los consumidores se hacen, pero no saben a quién formular, algunas de ellas muy comunes: ¿cuál es la diferencia entre leche UHT y la pasteurizada?, ¿qué procesos se realizan a nivel industrial para hablar de productos enteros, semidescremados y descremados? o ¿cuáles son los procesos a los que se somete la leche para producir quesos, yogures, helados y arequipe?
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Fox, Grenville, Nicholas Hoque, and Timothy Watts. Nutrition. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198703952.003.0006.

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This chapter provides a general overview of the nutritional requirements for preterm and term babies, whether provided parenterally or enterally. The composition and prescription of total parenteral nutrition (TPN) are described in some detail, along with complications of parenteral nutrition administration and how to reduce the risk of these. General principles of enteral feeding with breast milk or formula are discussed, with emphasis on the benefits of breastfeeding and contraindications for this, including a list of maternal medications. A section on donor human milk describes indications for, and preparation of, donor breast milk. Data on the composition of breast milk, preterm and term formula, and special formulae are included.
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Clinical nutrition: Enteral and tube feeding. 3rd ed. Philadelphia: W.B. Saunders Co., 1997.

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(Editor), John L. Rombeau, and Rolando H., M.D. Rolandelli (Editor), eds. Clinical Nutrition: Enteral and Tube Feeding. 3rd ed. W.B. Saunders Company, 1997.

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Rolando, Rolandelli, ed. Clinical nutrition: Enteral and tube feeding. 4th ed. Philadelphia, Pa: Elsevier Saunders, 2005.

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Rolandelli, Rolando, Robin Bankhead, Joseph Boullata, and Charlene Compher. Clinical Nutrition: Enteral and Tube Feeding, Text with CD-ROM. 4th ed. Saunders, 2004.

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Wiffen, Philip, Marc Mitchell, Melanie Snelling, and Nicola Stoner. Therapy-related issues: nutrition and blood. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198735823.003.0023.

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This chapter outlines information relevant to clinical pharmacists related to nutrition and blood and is loosely based on the British National Formulary, Chapter 9. In particular, this chapter covers intravenous administration and devices, management of electrolyte imbalances, nutritional support and requirements, enteral feeding, giving medicines via feeding tubes, and intravenous therapy at home
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Puntis, John. The premature newborn. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198759928.003.0006.

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Infants born at 24 weeks’ gestation now have a 40% chance of survival, rising to 80% at 26 weeks. Many have difficulty tolerating enteral feeds because of gastrointestinal immaturity; during this time parenteral nutrition is commonly given. Undernutrition in the early weeks of life may have lasting effects on developmental outcomes and increase the risk of certain chronic diseases in adult life (e.g. hypertension, cardiovascular disease, diabetes). Breast milk appears to confer some protection against necrotizing enterocolitis and be good for brain development. There has been a resurgence of investment in milk banks so that donor milk from nursing mothers in the community can be processed and given to preterm infants whose mothers cannot provide sufficient milk of their own. When breast milk is unavailable, preterm formula should be used, and following discharge from hospital (when many infants are showing a growth deficit), a nutrient-enriched formula can be given.
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Civitello, Linda. The Rise of Baking Powder Business. University of Illinois Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.5406/illinois/9780252041082.003.0007.

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In Chicago and Terre Haute, Indiana, two new companies entered the baking powder war. Both used a new formula based on sodium aluminum sulfate, which Royal conflated with alum. Calumet was headed by salesman William Wright; Clabber was developed by the German Catholic immigrant Hulman family. Within fifty years, the Hulmans had grown from a small grocery to a distillery and department store, and wholesaler with branches throughout the Midwest, and earned the respect of labor leader and native son Eugene Debs. Baking powder also expanded into new foods such as Aunt Jemima pancake mix.
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Burnstock, Geoffrey, and Susan G. Griffith. Nonadrenergic Innervation of Blood Vessels: Regional Innervation. Taylor & Francis Group, 2019.

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Book chapters on the topic "Enteral formulae"

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Ichimaru, Satomi, and Teruyoshi Amagai. "Viscosity Thickened Enteral Formula." In Diet and Nutrition in Critical Care, 1–15. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-8503-2_27-1.

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Ichimaru, Satomi, and Teruyoshi Amagai. "Viscosity Thickened Enteral Formula." In Diet and Nutrition in Critical Care, 1463–77. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-7836-2_27.

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Reeds, Dominic N., and Beth Taylor. "Parenteral and enteral nutrition feeding formulas." In Pocket Guide to Gastrointestinal Drugs, 235–48. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118481530.ch18.

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Malone, Ainsley, and Farshad Farnejad. "Organ Failure and Specialized Enteral Formulas." In Nutrition Support for the Critically Ill, 157–71. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-21831-1_10.

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Pedrón-Giner, Consuelo Carmen, Victor Manuel Navas-López, Cecilia Martínez-Costa, and Ana Martínez-Zazo. "Commercial Enteral Formulas and Nutritional Support Team." In Diet and Nutrition in Critical Care, 1–16. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-8503-2_75-1.

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Pedrón-Giner, Consuelo Carmen, Victor Manuel Navas-López, Cecilia Martínez-Costa, and Ana Martínez-Zazo. "Commercial Enteral Formulas and Nutritional Support Team." In Diet and Nutrition in Critical Care, 1203–19. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-7836-2_75.

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Shamir, Raanan, and Ernest G. Seidman. "Enteral Nutrition in Crohn's-who for, when, how and which Formula?" In Clinical Dilemmas in Inflammatory Bowel Disease, 233–36. Oxford, UK: Wiley-Blackwell, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781444342574.ch51.

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Scheppach, W. M. "The Colon as a Metabolically Active Organ: Implications for the Composition of Enteral Formula Diets." In Problems of the Gastrointestinal Tract in Anesthesia, the Perioperative Period, and Intensive Care, 181–90. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-60200-9_21.

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Keller, Reto B. "Shielding." In Design for Electromagnetic Compatibility--In a Nutshell, 211–33. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-14186-7_13.

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AbstractIn the field of EMC, shields are used to: Reduce electromagnetic emissions from a product. Increase immunity against electric, magnetic, and/or electromagnetic radiation. The shielding theory presented in this book is based on the accepted shielding theory for electromagnetic waves, initially proposed by Schelkunoff ((1943) Electromagnetic waves. D. van Nostrand Company Inc, New York, pp 303–312) in 1943. The formulas in this chapter are approximations for shields with high electrical conductivity. Before we jump into the theory of shielding, here are two practical pieces of advice: Cables and wires. Every single signal which enters and/or leaves a shielded enclosure must be filtered or shielded. In case the cable is shielded, contact the cable shield 360∘ with the shielded enclosure. Slots and apertures. Slots and apertures reduce the shielding effectiveness SE or even lead to higher emissions than without the shield in case of resonances inside a shielding enclosure Hubing ((2021) EMC Question of the Week: 2017–2020. LearnEMC, LLC, Stoughton). If the linear dimension l [m] of a slot or aperture is larger than λ∕2, the shield is assumed to be useless Ott ((2009) Electromagnetic compatibility engineering. Wiley, New York).
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"Enteral Formulas: An Update." In Nutrition for the Hospitalized Patient, 315–28. CRC Press, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781482277722-23.

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Conference papers on the topic "Enteral formulae"

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Logan, Michael, Konstantinos Gkikas, Vaios Svolos, Ben Nichols, Simon Milling, Umer Zeeshan Ijaz, Jonathan Macdonald, et al. "P275 Analysis of exclusive enteral nutrition formulas in Crohn’s disease – new insights into dietary triggers." In Abstracts of the BSG Campus, 21–29 January 2021. BMJ Publishing Group Ltd and British Society of Gastroenterology, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/gutjnl-2020-bsgcampus.349.

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O’Connor, Graeme, Rita Shergill-Bonner, Julia Hopkins, Marie Watson, and Martha Vanderlinde. "66 Monitor gastrointestinal tolerance in children who have switched to an enteral formula with real food ingredients: a national multi-centre retrospective chart review (RICIMIX study)." In GOSH Conference 2021, Above and Beyond. BMJ Publishing Group Ltd and Royal College of Paediatrics and Child Health, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/archdischild-2021-gosh.66.

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Howe, M. S. "Theory of the Compression Wave Generated When a High-Speed Train Enters a Tunnel." In ASME 1998 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece1998-0525.

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Abstract A review is given of the theory of the compression wave generated when a high-speed train enters a tunnel. The train is modeled by a distribution of monopole sources whose interactions with the tunnel portal determine the detailed characteristics of the wave. The waveform can be calculated exactly at subsonic train Mach numbers for a tunnel consisting of an unflanged cylinder of semi-circular cross-section, which has been the subject of extensive experimental study. An analysis of this case reveals how an approximate theory can be developed for arbitrary tunnel portals and train Mach numbers as large as 0.4. Details are given for flanged portals of both semi-circular and rectangular cross-sections. Nonlinear steepening in a very long tunnel is responsible for an intense, environmentally harmful, micro-pressure wave, which propagates as a pulse from the distant tunnel exit when the compression wave arrives, with amplitude proportional to the maximum gradient in the compression wavefront. The analytical theory permits the design of tunnel portals that greatly increase the initial wave thickness (thereby tending to inhibit wave steepening), either by flaring the portal, or by installing a tunnel entrance hood, which allows high pressure air produced by the train to be vented to the environment through windows in the side walls. A formula is given for the ‘optimum’ flared portal, which produces a pressure gradient across the wavefront that is constant and an overall minimum, so that the pressure in the wavefront increases linearly and provides the maximal protection against shock formation. The operation of tunnel entrance hoods is discussed in terms of a continuum model in which an axial section of the tunnel extending inwards from the entrance is perforated with a distribution of small apertures.
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Gómez Palacín, Carlos, José Luis Pitarch, and César de Prada. "Planificación y distribución óptima de cargas en un sistema de evaporadores industriales." In Actas de las XXXVII Jornadas de Automática 7, 8 y 9 de septiembre de 2016, Madrid. Universidade da Coruña, Servizo de Publicacións, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.17979/spudc.9788497498081.0801.

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En este trabajo se presenta la resolución de un problema de asignación temporal de recursos, así como el reparto de cargas en varias líneas de evaporación industrial. Dichos evaporadores tienen diferente rendimiento y, además, éste se degrada con el tiempo debido al ensuciamiento creciente durante la operación en los intercambiadores de calor. Por tanto, el planificador debe decidir tanto las acciones de control para cada evaporador e instante temporal como la selección del tipo e instante de limpieza que minimicen el coste de operación global. El problema completo se ha formulado utilizando aproximaciones lineales de la dinámica de los evaporadores, obtenidas experimentalmente, posibilitando así su resolución eficiente mediante programación mixta entera lineal.
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Sargent, Murray. "Efficient entry of mathematical equations." In OSA Annual Meeting. Washington, D.C.: Optica Publishing Group, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/oam.1986.fm4.

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Mathematical text includes patterns such as fractions and bracketed expressions that require careful placement of arguments. The typist could estimate the size of these arguments as on an IBM Selectric typewriter, moving the cursor to desired places on the screen and typing characters. Although simple in principle, this method requires many keystrokes to type formulas and makes it hard even to achieve positioning of the characters accurate to the low resolution computer screen. Over the years I have developed a linear format for equations that proves to be both much more typist efficient as well as providing the highest accuracy available on the target printer, e.g., 1/300" on a laser printer. In technical documents, fractions are often written in a single line with the numerator written first followed by a slash and then the denominator. My linear equation notation generalizes this concept to handle arbitrary mathematical formulas. Text is entered and edited in the linear format. Both on graphics preview and on printing, a text filter recognizes legal mathematical expressions, automatically expanding fractions, brackets, braces, parentheses, square roots, etc., to built-up form precisely fitting their arguments.
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Suzuki, Hideyuki, Shinya Okayama, and Yukinari Fukumoto. "Collision of a Drifting Ship With Wind Turbines in a Wind Farm." In ASME 2013 32nd International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2013-10440.

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A multiple collisions caused by a drifting ship which lost control and entered into a wind farm (WF) may cause relatively large risk for a WF comprised of bottom mounted type offshore wind turbines. A bottom mounted type wind turbine will be installed relatively close to shore in Japan and sometimes close to dense marine traffic area. Consideration of the risk will be necessary in planning a WF. This paper presented an estimation of a damage caused by collision with a drifting ship accidentally entered a wind farm. The WF is assumed comprised of bottom mounted type offshore wind turbines. The size of the drift ship considered in the analysis is 6788 GT. For smaller ships, damage to wind turbine considered to be small. Entry of ships from sides other than the one facing sea route was ignored because the number of ship entries from the sides was considered small. Under a number of limitations, risk of multiple collisions in WF by a drifting ship was formulated and quantitatively estimated.
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Moore, Michael G. "Electronic Trend Monitoring and Exceedance Recording Systems: A Means to Improved Turbine Engine Reliability." In ASME 1987 International Gas Turbine Conference and Exhibition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/87-gt-87.

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Current technology has yielded engine mountable, compact microprocessor-based recording systems that can record information that will aid in maintenance planning and, thus, yield improved reliability. Among data available are: 1) Trend Recording - revealing deviations from non indicating engine performance deterioration 2) Exceedance Recording - documenting time, date, duration, and severity of exceedances for parameters such as temperature, torque, N1, N2, etc. 3) Power Ratings - power (“hit”) checks are available instantaneously and through the through the exercise of power cycle, go or no-go determination made through real time analysis of current sensor outputs against defined tolerances adjusted to density altitude. 4) Run Data - total time duration within each scale of the operating range for each engine and airframe parameter 5) Cycle Counts - start, power, life fatigue, creep life, and improper cool down cycles are tracked based upon engine manufacturer formulae These engine recorders primarily utilize the existing engine sensors with no effect on signals to established instrument. Current technology allows these engine recorders to be universal to many different engines, with limit thresholds entered at the factory through a computer keyboard.
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Ponomarenko, Grigory L. "Analysis of Some Accidents With Deborated Slug Passing Through the WWER Core." In 2014 22nd International Conference on Nuclear Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icone22-30404.

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Deborated slug may be formed by the different ways. Stagnant areas may be arise in circulation loops when Reactor Coolant Pumps (RCP) do not work and decay heat removing system works. First RCP start-up in the loop with formed deborated slug is the most dangerous situation. Accelerated slug enters into the core and quickly (during 1 s) may bring reactor from deep subcriticality into above-critical state and generate dangerous neutron splash. Discharged energy may damage or distract fuel rods. However in reality, at the core enter there is not a distillate with zero concentration of boric acid (CB=0 g/kg). There is a coolant with lowered 0 < CB < 16 as compared to shut-down value (16 g/kg), as a result of coolant mixing and washing-out of deborated slug. Analysis of this beyond design basis accident was performed with use of certified system coupled code KORSAR/GP [1–3] with spatial neutron kinetics and account of incomplete coolant mixing in reactor. Mixing process was modeled by KORSAR/GP on the base of experimental results obtained on the experimental facility scaled WWER-1000 as 1:5. As a result of the carried out work the technique of the analysis is developed. Essential features of mode with deborated slug are revealed. Necessary provisions are determined, and recommendations for safety maintenance and improve are formulated. Safe volumes of deborated slugs and the time intervals of inadvertent deboration were determined. These not dangerous volumes and corresponding time intervals appeared big enough to provide high probability not to exceed them during start-up of modernized WWER-1000 power units. Influence of increase in CR quantity from 61 up to 121 pcs. on safety parameters in the given mode is evaluated inter alia.
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Li, Liangbi, Torgeir Moan, and Bin Zhang. "Residual Stress Shakedown in Typical Weld Joints and Its Effect on Fatigue of FPSOs." In ASME 2007 26th International Conference on Offshore Mechanics and Arctic Engineering. ASMEDC, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2007-29285.

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Structural members of FPSO hulls often undergo fairly large static loading before they enter service or variable amplitude cyclic loading when they are in service. The combined effect of both applied stress and high initial residual stress is expected to cause shakedown of the residual stresses. Only a few papers seem to deal with appropriate procedures for fatigue analysis by considering the combined effect of variable amplitude cyclic loading with shakedown of residual stresses. Hence, the fatigue behaviour of welded joints in some experiments could not be explained reasonably well. In this paper, some typical welded connections in ship-shaped structures are investigated with 3-D elastic-plastic finite element analysis. The effect of residual stress relaxation, initial residual stress and the applied load after variable amplitude cyclic loading is revealed, and a formula for predicting the residual stress at hot spot quantitatively is proposed. Based on the formula, an improved fatigue procedure is introduced. The proposed fatigue procedure was validated against the experimental results. Therefore, the modified fatigue procedure could be applied to welded joints under arbitrary cyclic loading while accounting for shakedown of residual stresses.
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Nassar, Sayed A., Marco Gerini Romagnoli, and Joon Ha Lee. "Bearing Friction Torque in Threaded Fasteners With Non-Flat Underhead Contact." In ASME 2018 Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2018-84015.

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This study provides experimentally validated formulation of underhead bearing friction torque component during tightening of threaded fasteners with non-flat contact with the joint. Motosh model is utilized for spherical and conical contact surfaces for various scenarios of contact pressure. For each pressure scenario, a single non-dimensional 3-D graph is generated for the corresponding values of an effective bearing friction radius. A rotating sliding speed-dependent friction coefficient model is also investigated for its impact of the results of bearing friction radius. Torque-Tension testing is used to measure the bearing friction torque and the corresponding bearing friction coefficients using Motosh model, in which the newly formulated bearing friction radius expressions are entered. Obtained bearing friction coefficient values are then compared with those published by the threaded fastener manufacturer.
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