Journal articles on the topic 'Entanglement'
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1
LI, HAIBIN, and XIAOGUANG WANG. "LOCALIZED ENTANGLEMENT IN ONE-DIMENSIONAL ANDERSON MODEL." Modern Physics Letters B 19, no. 11 (May 10, 2005): 517–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217984905008487.
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The entanglement in one-dimensional Anderson model is studied. The pairwise entanglement has a direct relation to the localization length and is reduced by disorder. Entanglement distribution displays the entanglement localization. The pairwise entanglements around localization center exhibit a maximum as the disorder strength increases. The dynamics of entanglement are also investigated.
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BELAVKIN, VIACHESLAV P., and MASANORI OHYA. "QUANTUM ENTROPY AND INFORMATION IN DISCRETE ENTANGLED STATES." Infinite Dimensional Analysis, Quantum Probability and Related Topics 04, no. 02 (June 2001): 137–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219025701000425.
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Quantum entanglements, describing truly quantum couplings, are studied and classified for discrete compound states. We show that classical-quantum correspondences such as quantum encodings can be treated as d-entanglements leading to a special class of separable compound states. The mutual information for the d-compound and for q-compound (entangled) states leads to two different types of entropies for a given quantum state. The first one is the von Neumann entropy, which is achieved as the supremum of the information over all d-entanglements, and the second one is the dimensional entropy, which is achieved at the standard entanglement, the true quantum entanglement, coinciding with a d-entanglement only in the commutative case. The q-conditional entropy and q-capacity of a quantum noiseless channel, defined as the supremum over all entanglements, is given as the logarithm of the dimensionality of the input von Neumann algebra. It can double the classical capacity, achieved as the supremum over all semiquantum couplings (d-entanglements, or encodings), which is bounded by the logarithm of the dimensionality of a maximal Abelian subalgebra. The entropic measure for essential entanglement is introduced.
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Lisle, Debbie. "A Speculative Lexicon of Entanglement." Millennium: Journal of International Studies 49, no. 3 (June 2021): 435–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/03058298211021919.
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This intervention offers a speculative lexicon to help students and scholars of global politics think critically and creatively about entanglement. It is neither definitive nor complete, but instead offers some possible points of entry into a contested field. It mobilises two particular claims: (1) that entanglement always involves both human and non-human entities; and (2) that entanglement is always emergent and in process. As a whole, this speculative lexicon is intended to help us sense the moment when entanglements intensify in ways that render them stable; attune to these durabilities in order to analyse their constitutive logics of inclusion/exclusion; acknowledge our own irrevocable entanglement in these logics; care for those bodies, lifeworlds, species and habitats that are targeted or abandoned by such logics; and craft mutual projects to disrupt, disaggregate and re-route these logics. Because entanglements are always emerging, dissipating and reconvening, the practice of navigating this open terrain is disorienting and often frustrating. We may desire a final destination where entanglements solidify and horizons magically appear, but giving in to that desire reproduces the violence of enclosure. This lexicon is offered as a way to keep the political terrain of entanglement open so we can collectively ensure that contestation remains a possibility.
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Jiang, Cheng, Hongxia Lu, Zhangyin Zhai, and Guibin Chen. "Phase-Controlled Entanglement in a Four-Mode Optomechanical System." Photonics 9, no. 11 (October 29, 2022): 818. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/photonics9110818.
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We present a scheme for realizing phase-controlled entanglement in a microwave optomechanical system comprising two microwave cavities and two mechanical oscillators. Under specific driving conditions, we show that this optomechanical interface can be exploited to generate simultaneously the stationary cavity–cavity entanglement, mechanical–mechanical entanglement, and cavity–mechanical entanglement. Due to the closed loop interaction, we find that the entanglement can be controlled flexibly by tuning the phase difference between the optomechanical coupling strengths. The dependence of the entanglement on the amplitudes of the optomechanical coupling strengths is also explored in detail. Moreover, the bipartite entanglements are robust against temperature, and it is shown that the mechanical oscillators are cooled to the ground state in the parameter regimes for observing entanglement.
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LI, SONG-SONG, and YI-BIN HUANG. "ENTANGLEMENT OF SUPERPOSITION OF MULTI-STATES." International Journal of Quantum Information 06, no. 03 (June 2008): 561–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219749908003712.
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In this letter, we investigate the entanglement of superposition of multi-states. Three cases are considered when the states in the superposition are mutually biorthogonal, mutually orthogonal and nonorthogonal. The relations between the entanglement of superposition and the entanglements of the superposed states are explored.
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Brezinski, Mark E. "The Advantages of Not Entangling Macroscopic Diamonds at Room Temperature." Journal of Atomic, Molecular, and Optical Physics 2012 (December 27, 2012): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/469043.
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The recent paper entitled by K. C. Lee et al. (2011) establishes nonlocal macroscopic quantum correlations, which they term “entanglement”, under ambient conditions. Photon(s)-phonon entanglements are established within each interferometer arm. However, our analysis demonstrates, the phonon fields between arms become correlated as a result of single-photon wavepacket path indistinguishability, not true nonlocal entanglement. We also note that a coherence expansion (as opposed to decoherence) resulted from local entanglement which was not recognized. It occurred from nearly identical Raman scattering in each arm (importantly not meeting the Born and Markovian approximations). The ability to establish nonlocal macroscopic quantum correlations through path indistinguishability rather than entanglement offers the opportunity to greatly expand quantum macroscopic theory and application, even though it was not true nonlocal entanglement.
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Fredengren, Christina. "Beyond Entanglement." Current Swedish Archaeology 29, no. 1 (December 9, 2021): 11–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.37718/csa.2021.01.
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This keynote discusses how human-animal relationships can be studied as entanglements to understand more of the situatedness of human and animal bodies and lives. It provides a selection of thinking tools from critical posthumanist feminism and new materialism which should prove useful for studying more-than-human worldmaking through archaeology. These tools can be used to study how humanity and animality are produced, how to recognise animal agentiality, and to highlight challenges on the way. Key issues are identified in concepts such as taxonomies, hybridity, othering and killability. Examples are drawn from recently published research on human-animal relations in archaeology on rock art, depositions, sacrifices, burial practices and more. The paper also tests how speculative methods can be a way of approaching more-than-human exposedness, situatedness and agentiality. It makes an argument that while it is important to study the entanglement of bodies as material-semiotic phenomena, it is of equal importance to also address questions on inequalities and injustices, and who carries the burden in particular situated entanglements and thereby move beyond the study of entanglement on its own.
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Li, Ming-Cui, and Ai-Xi Chen. "Enhanced Entanglement in Hybrid Cavity Mediated by a Two-way Coupled Quantum Dot." Open Physics 18, no. 1 (February 28, 2020): 14–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/phys-2020-0003.
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AbstractWe investigate theoretically the entanglement in a hybrid Fabry-Perot cavity system. A membrane in the cavity acts as a mechanical resonator, and a two-level quantum dot is coupled to both the cavity mode and the mechanical resonator. The entanglements between the cavity field and the mechanical resonator, between the mechanical resonator and the quantum dot, as well as between the cavity field and the quantum dot are observed. The logarithmic negativities in the first two subsystems are much larger than those in the system without two-way coupled quantum dot, and the entanglements are robust against the thermal temperature (entanglements still exist in tens of Kelvin). We also find that without direct coupling between the cavity field and the mechanical resonator, one can till observe effective entanglement between them in our system. Our work is helpful and may have potential applications in the research of multipartite entanglement in physical system.
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Volgenau, Lisa, Scott D. Kraus, and Jon Lien. "The impact of entanglements on two substocks of the western North Atlantic humpback whale, Megaptera novaeangliae." Canadian Journal of Zoology 73, no. 9 (September 1, 1995): 1689–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/z95-201.
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Increased use of fishing gear in the marine environment can be detrimental to animals such as cetaceans, particularly through entanglement. Examination of the impact of such mortality on two substocks of the western North Atlantic humpback whale, Megaptera novaeangliae, indicates that when entanglement losses are added to natural mortality estimates and subtracted from birth rate estimates, annual mortality may be as high as 5.4% in the Newfoundland and Labrador population and 4.8% in the Gulf of Maine population. More effective entanglement reporting and assisting systems are needed in the Gulf of Maine and increased efforts are needed to decrease entanglements, entanglement mortalities, and damages to fishing gear. We conclude that monitoring of the size of humpback populations needs to continue, given their particular vulnerability to coastal fishing and the potential impacts of entanglement mortality.
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Chen, Xiao-Yu, Li-Zhen Jiang, and Zhu-An Xu. "Necessary and sufficient criterion for k-separability of N-qubit noisy GHZ states." International Journal of Quantum Information 16, no. 04 (June 2018): 1850037. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219749918500375.
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A Multipartite entangled state has many different kinds of entanglements specified by the number of partitions. The most essential example of multipartite entanglement is the entanglement of multi-qubit Greenberger–Horne–Zeilinger (GHZ) state in white noise. We explicitly construct the entanglement witnesses for these states with stabilizer generators of the GHZ states. For an [Formula: see text] qubit GHZ state in white noise, we demonstrate the necessary and sufficient criterion of separability when it is divided into [Formula: see text] parties with [Formula: see text] for arbitrary [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text]. The criterion covers more than a half of all kinds of partial entanglements for [Formula: see text]-qubit GHZ states in white noise. For the rest of multipartite entanglement problems, we present a method to obtain the sufficient conditions of separability. As an application, we consider [Formula: see text] qubit GHZ state as a codeword of the degenerate quantum code passing through depolarizing channel. We find that the output state is neither genuinely entangled nor fully separable when the quantum channel capacity reduces from positive to zero.
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KAYHAN, HÜNKAR. "SOME APPLICATIONS OF THE BURSHTEIN EQUATION TO A FIELD-NOISY JAYNES–CUMMINGS INTERACTIONS." International Journal of Quantum Information 09, no. 05 (August 2011): 1229–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s021974991100799x.
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We consider an application of the Burshtein equation to Jaynes–Cummings interactions possessing a field-noise modeled as the two-state random phase telegraph noise in the presence of two extra physical cases. These cases are the incorporation of respectively, (i) the atomic-noise regarded as phase damping and (ii) the Stark shift. We obtain the exact solutions to these systems to investigate the dynamical behavior of their entanglements. We observed those for the case (i), phase damping does not affect the field-noise-induced nonmonotonic behavior of the entanglement other than the amplitude of the entanglement and the optimal value of the mean dwell time at which the minimum entanglement occurs. Also, phase damping naturally accelerates the decoherence of the entanglement caused by the field-noise. For the case (ii), the Stark shift reduces the maximum value of the entanglement and induce more oscillations of the entanglement in time under the influence of the noise. This shift delays the time for the complete destruction of the entanglement and restrains the influence of the noise. We also consider the time-average of the entanglement as depending on the shift parameters. The average entanglement is a nonmonotonic function of these parameters.
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Ziane, Mustapha, Fatima-Zahra Siyouri, Morad El Baz, and Yassine Hassouni. "The negativity of partial transpose versus the negativity of Wigner function." International Journal of Geometric Methods in Modern Physics 16, no. 06 (June 2019): 1930003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219887819300034.
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We investigate the multipartite entanglement in the phase space using the negativity of Wigner function (NWF) and in the Hilbert space using the negativity of partial transpose (NPT). We analyze comparatively these quantities and the different types of entanglements that are present in two major classes — GHZ and [Formula: see text] — made of coherent states. We show that the negativity of Wigner function can be used as a good measure of genuine entanglement in multipartite systems. However, the negativity of partial transpose is a good quantifier for only the bipartite entanglement in tripartite systems.
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Jiang, Yang, Charlotte M. Deane, Garrett M. Morris, and Edward P. O’Brien. "It is theoretically possible to avoid misfolding into non-covalent lasso entanglements using small molecule drugs." PLOS Computational Biology 20, no. 3 (March 12, 2024): e1011901. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pcbi.1011901.
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A novel class of protein misfolding characterized by either the formation of non-native noncovalent lasso entanglements in the misfolded structure or loss of native entanglements has been predicted to exist and found circumstantial support through biochemical assays and limited-proteolysis mass spectrometry data. Here, we examine whether it is possible to design small molecule compounds that can bind to specific folding intermediates and thereby avoid these misfolded states in computer simulations under idealized conditions (perfect drug-binding specificity, zero promiscuity, and a smooth energy landscape). Studying two proteins, type III chloramphenicol acetyltransferase (CAT-III) and D-alanyl-D-alanine ligase B (DDLB), that were previously suggested to form soluble misfolded states through a mechanism involving a failure-to-form of native entanglements, we explore two different drug design strategies using coarse-grained structure-based models. The first strategy, in which the native entanglement is stabilized by drug binding, failed to decrease misfolding because it formed an alternative entanglement at a nearby region. The second strategy, in which a small molecule was designed to bind to a non-native tertiary structure and thereby destabilize the native entanglement, succeeded in decreasing misfolding and increasing the native state population. This strategy worked because destabilizing the entanglement loop provided more time for the threading segment to position itself correctly to be wrapped by the loop to form the native entanglement. Further, we computationally identified several FDA-approved drugs with the potential to bind these intermediate states and rescue misfolding in these proteins. This study suggests it is possible for small molecule drugs to prevent protein misfolding of this type.
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Ward, Krista J., Kasey L. Jobe, Nicholas C. Schiwitz, Daniel Saenz, and Christopher M. Schalk. "Risk of Snake Entanglement Is Affected by Installation Method of Erosion Control Blankets." Journal of Fish and Wildlife Management 11, no. 1 (February 19, 2020): 273–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.3996/102019-jfwm-087.
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Abstract At the conclusion of road construction projects, an erosion control product (e.g., blankets, spray mulch) is installed to reduce soil loss and promote plant growth. Wildlife, such as snakes (suborder Serpentes), are prone to entanglement in erosion control blankets (ECBs) that contain polypropylene mesh with fused apertures. Previous reports have noted that the occurrences of entanglements are not uniform in their distribution across an ECB, but primarily occur where the edge of the mesh is exposed. We conducted an experiment to determine if modification to the installation methods of ECBs affects the likelihood of snake entanglement. We conducted entanglement trials to compare the likelihood of snake entanglement between two treatments: 1) exposed ECB edge (i.e., perimeter) and 2) buried ECB edge. Snakes were less likely to attempt to pass through the mesh on the buried edge treatment and all entanglements occurred on the exposed edge treatment. These results provide support that modification to the installation methods reduces snake entanglement in ECBs in some settings. However, we conducted our study in an experimental setting, and it should be evaluated under natural field conditions. This research can be used to inform several parties including contractors, habitat managers, and agency decision makers on additional steps that can be taken for products that fit their application needs to minimize risks to wildlife.
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Tinc, Pamela J., Julie A. Sorensen, Paul L. Jenkins, and Timothy Kelsey. "Cost Analysis of a PTO Driveline Shielding Program: Are Effective Programs Cost-Effective?" Journal of Agricultural Safety and Health 27, no. 4 (2021): 205–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.13031/jash.14575.
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HighlightsThis article describes a cost assessment of a PTO driveline shielding intervention.Considerations for effective occupational safety interventions beyond reductions in injuries or fatalities are described.The financial viability of combining various on-farm services to reduce intervention costs is discussed.Abstract. PTO entanglements are a primary injury concern on U.S. farms, affecting adults and children. These events often lead to severe injury and permanent disability but can be prevented with proper use of PTO shielding. A promising strategy for increasing PTO shielding on farms has been the introduction of user-friendly shielding options by qualified safety specialists. This study looks at the cost-effectiveness of this approach. The cost-effectiveness of this PTO shielding strategy was calculated based on program-related costs, the PTO shield cost, the lifespan of PTO shields, and the number of PTO shields needed to prevent an entanglement. The cost per entanglement prevented was then calculated by dividing the total costs by the number of entanglements prevented in several cost-estimate scenarios. Costs were adjusted for inflation to 2019 dollars. Costs per entanglement prevented ranged from a low of $921,544 (assuming a 10-year PTO lifespan and using 12,487 as the number needed to treat, i.e., to prevent a PTO entanglement, referred to as the NNT) to a high of $18,583,492 (assuming a three-year PTO lifespan and 67,119 as the NNT). The cost per entanglement prevented at the median PTO lifespan of five years and median NNT of 39,802 was $6,612,244. Based on our estimates, the cost-efficacy of increasing PTO shielding using qualified safety specialists differs widely based on the shield lifespan and the number of shields needed to avoid one entanglement. However, if the cost of introducing PTO shields in on-farm visits is coupled with other on-farm services that defray these costs, then the cost-efficacy increases considerably. Keywords: Cost-effectiveness analysis, PTO entanglements, PTO injuries, PTO interventions, PTO shields.
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ZHOU, BIN. "PAIRWISE ENTANGLEMENT IN THE N-QUBIT XX MODEL WITH DZYALOSHINSKI–MORIYA INTERACTION AND MAGNETIC FIELD." International Journal of Modern Physics B 25, no. 16 (June 30, 2011): 2135–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s021797921110117x.
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In this paper, we investigate the role of Dzyaloshinski–Moriya (DM) interaction in the pairwise entanglement in the three- and four-qubit XX models with magnetic field. In the four-qubit model, the pairwise entanglements of two nearest-neighbor qubits and two next-neighbor qubits are investigated, respectively. The dependences of the critical temperature at which the pairwise thermal entanglement disappears on DM interaction and magnetic fields are studied in details. At zero temperature, the entanglement can undergo sudden changes with adjustment of the parameters, and the general results of the concurrence are obtained in all cases.
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Antczak, Konrad A. "The asymmetries of disentanglement." Archaeological Dialogues 24, no. 2 (December 2017): 144–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1380203817000186.
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In this dialogue, Hodder and Lucas skilfully manoeuvre the winding trails of archaeological theory during the last decades and critically juxtapose the discussion of symmetry and asymmetry of relations between entities with that of entanglement. Their provocative dialogue compellingly leads to the conclusion that most entanglements are in fact asymmetrical. Whereas I mostly concur with the conclusions of the dialogue, addressing the authors’ closing statements I would like to highlight the need to equally (in some ways, symmetrically) consider disentanglement as the process opposite to entanglement, along with the consequences of such disentanglement. If we are to understand better the contexts and politics of entanglements – concerns that this dialogue brings to the fore – I furthermore suggest that we more closely scrutinize the density (quantity) and joining (quality) of entanglements, as well as pay closer attention to memory, emotion and affect in entanglements.
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Dolata, Benjamin E., and Peter D. Olmsted. "A thermodynamically consistent constitutive equation describing polymer disentanglement under flow." Journal of Rheology 67, no. 1 (January 2023): 269–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1122/8.0000476.
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We derive a thermodynamically consistent framework for incorporating entanglement dynamics into constitutive equations for flowing polymer melts. We use this to combine the convected constraint release (CCR) dynamics of Ianniruberto–Marriccui into a finitely extensible version of the Rolie–Poly model, and also include an anisotropic mobility as in the Giesekus model. The reversible dynamics are obtained from a free energy that describes both a finitely extensible conformation tensor and an ideal gas of entanglements along the chain. The dissipative dynamics give rise to coupled kinetic equations for the conformation tensor and entanglements, whose coupling terms describe shear-induced disentanglement. The relaxation dynamics of the conformation tensor follow the GLaMM and Rolie–Poly models, and account for reptation, retraction, and CCR. We propose that the relaxation time [Formula: see text] for entanglement recovery is proportional to the Rouse time [Formula: see text] which governs polymer stretch within the tube. This matches recent molecular dynamics simulations and corresponds to relaxing the entanglement number before the entire polymer anisotropy has relaxed on the longer reptation time [Formula: see text]. Our model suggests that claimed signatures of slow re-entanglement on the reptation time in step-strain experiments may be interpreted as arising from anisotropies in reptation dynamics.
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Belavkin, Viacheslav P. "On Entangled Information and Quantum Capacity." Open Systems & Information Dynamics 08, no. 01 (March 2001): 1–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/a:1011328315055.
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The pure quantum entanglement is generalized to the case of mixed compound states to include the classical and quantum encodings as particular cases. The true quantum entanglements are characterized as transpose-CP but not CP maps. The entangled information is introduced as the relative entropy of the mutual and the input state and total information of the entangled states leads to two different types of entropy for a given quantum state: the von Neumann entropy, which is achieved as the supremum of the information over all c-entanglements, and the true quantum entropy, which is achieved at the standard entanglement. The q-capacity, defined as the supremum over all entanglements, doubles the c-capacity in the case of the simple algebra. The conditional q-entropy is positive, and q-information of a quantum channel is additive.
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LI, XI-HAN, XIAO-JIAO DUAN, FU-GUO DENG, and HONG-YU ZHOU. "ERROR-REJECTING BENNETT–BRASSARD–MERMIN QUANTUM KEY DISTRIBUTION PROTOCOL BASED ON LINEAR OPTICS OVER A COLLECTIVE-NOISE CHANNEL." International Journal of Quantum Information 08, no. 07 (October 2010): 1141–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s021974991000623x.
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Quantum entanglement is an important element of quantum information processing. Sharing entangled quantum states between two remote parties is a precondition of most quantum communication schemes. We will show that the protocol proposed by Yamamoto et al. (Phys. Rev. Lett.95 (2005) 040503) for transmitting single quantum qubit against collective noise with linear optics is also suitable for distributing the components of entanglements with some modifications. An additional qubit is introduced to reduce the effect of collective noise, and the receiver can take advantage of the time discrimination and the measurement results of the assistant qubit to reconstruct a pure entanglement with the sender. Although the scheme succeeds probabilistically, the fidelity of the entangled state is almost unity in principle. The resource used in our protocol to get a pure entangled state is finite, which establishes entanglement more easily in practice than quantum entanglement purification. Also, we discuss its application in quantum key distribution over a collective channel in detail.
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Volep, E., A. R. Carroll, D. Strauss, J. O. Meynecke, and D. Kobashi. "Effect of environmental conditions on cetacean entanglements: a case study from the Gold Coast, Australia." Marine and Freshwater Research 68, no. 11 (2017): 1977. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/mf16302.
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Entanglement of marine mammals in fishing gear is recognised worldwide and is a continuous management concern. Gill-net entanglement data from the Queensland Shark Control Program (QSCP) on the Gold Coast, Australia, from 1990 to 2012 were analysed in the present study. Environmental drivers that may affect entanglements of humpback whales (Megaptera novaeangliae) and common dolphins (Delphinus delphis) were selected. M. novaeangliae entanglements coincided with their annual migration, with the greatest occurrences in September. D. delphis were mostly entangled from March to November, with the greatest occurrences in June. For both species, entanglements primarily occurred when the wave height was between 0.5 and 1.25m, the wave power was between 0 and 5kWm–1 and the wind speed was between 12 and 19kmh–1. M. novaeangliae entanglements were significantly more likely to occur in low rainfall (<6mmh–1), and D. delphis entanglements were more likely to occur during spring tides. There was a correlation between entanglements and the position of the East Australian Current’s (EAC) maximum velocity, with 73% of M. novaeangliae entanglements and 79% of D. delphis entanglements occurring when the EAC’s maximum velocity was west (shoreward) of its average position at 154°E. The present study provides the first set of possible management intervention targets associated with environmental conditions.
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Raga, Francisco, Newton G. Osborne, Luiz E. Machado, Francisco Bonilla, Fernando Bonilla-Musoles, Juan Carlos Castillo, and Ana Martínez-Aspas. "Umbilical Cord Entanglement: Diagnostic and Clinical Repercussions." Donald School Journal of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology 6, no. 3 (2012): 225–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.5005/jp-journals-10009-1246.
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ABSTRACT The use of three-dimensional (3D) ultrasonography since the first trimester of pregnancy allows the diagnosis and follow-up of cord entanglement throughout the entire pregnancy and delivery. This technology permits a more accurate diagnosis when compared with two-dimensional (2D) ultrasonography or Doppler The vast majority of cord entanglements observed at the end of the first-trimester will persist during the entire pregnancy; delivery outcome is usually not affected by this finding except for cases in which multiple cord entanglement is diagnosed. How to cite this article Martínez-Aspas A, Raga F, Machado LE, Bonilla F Jr, Castillo JC, Osborne NG, Bonilla-Musoles F. Umbilical Cord Entanglement: Diagnostic and Clinical Repercussions. Donald School J Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 2012;6(3):225-232.
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Lee, Hyuk-jae, Wuk Namgung, and Doyeol Ahn. "Entanglement generates entanglement: entanglement transfer by interaction." Physics Letters A 338, no. 3-5 (May 2005): 192–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.physleta.2005.03.010.
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Schwab, Charles V., and Isaac J. Rempe. "Likelihood of Entanglement when Materials are Dropped Vertically onto a Rotating PTO Knuckle." Journal of Agricultural Safety and Health 23, no. 4 (2017): 281–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.13031/jash.12562.
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Abstract. Power take-off (PTO) is a common method of transferring power from a tractor to a towed piece of machinery. The PTO is also a well-documented cause of severe and often permanent disabling injuries to farm operators. The physical conditions that cause entanglements are not well established. Several studies have explored the parameters of PTO entanglements as materials have been drawn across a rotating PTO knuckle to test for entanglement probability. The objective of this study was to determine probability of entanglement when materials are dropped vertically onto a PTO knuckle spinning at 540 rpm. A total of 360 randomized trials were conducted with ten replications for each of the six positions (center of yoke, edge of yoke rotating downward, edge of yoke rotating upward, center of cross, edge of cross rotating downward, and edge of cross rotating upward) and six different materials (woven cotton athletic shoe lace, cotton workboot lace, leather workboot lace, cotton twine, denim strip, and Tyvek strip). Not a single entanglement was recorded. Dramatic high-speed video imagery authenticated the material’s motion and path as it interacted with the rotating PTO knuckle. Keywords: Accident prevention, Farm safety, Probability, PTO, Safety.
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Pawlak, Andrzej, and Justyna Krajenta. "Entanglements of Macromolecules and Their Influence on Rheological and Mechanical Properties of Polymers." Molecules 29, no. 14 (July 20, 2024): 3410. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules29143410.
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Flexible macromolecules easily become entangled with neighboring macromolecules. The resulting network determines many polymer properties, including rheological and mechanical properties. Therefore, a number of experimental and modeling studies were performed to describe the relationship between the degree of entanglement of macromolecules and polymer properties. The introduction presents general information about the entanglements of macromolecule chains, collected on the basis of studies of equilibrium entangled polymers. It is also shown how the density of entanglements can be reduced. The second chapter presents experiments and models leading to the description of the movement of a single macromolecule. The next part of the text discusses how the rheological properties change after partial disentangling of the polymer. The results on the influence of the degree of chain entanglement on mechanical properties are presented.
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Daniels, Harris, and Jackson Morrow. "A group theoretic perspective on entanglements of division fields." Transactions of the American Mathematical Society, Series B 9, no. 27 (October 13, 2022): 827–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1090/btran/95.
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In this paper, we initiate a systematic study of entanglements of division fields from a group theoretic perspective. For a positive integer n n and a subgroup G ⊆ G L 2 ( Z / n Z ) G\subseteq GL_2( \mathbb {Z}/n\mathbb {Z}) with surjective determinant, we provide a definition for G G to represent an ( a , b ) (a,b) -entanglement and give additional criteria for G G to represent an explained or unexplained ( a , b ) (a,b) -entanglement. Using these new definitions, we determine the tuples ( ( p , q ) , T ) ((p,q),T) , with p > q ∈ Z p>q\in \mathbb {Z} distinct primes and T T a finite group, such that there are infinitely many non- Q ¯ \overline {\mathbb {Q}} -isomorphic elliptic curves over Q \mathbb {Q} with an unexplained ( p , q ) (p,q) -entanglement of type T T . Furthermore, for each possible combination of entanglement level ( p , q ) (p,q) and type T T , we completely classify the elliptic curves defined over Q \mathbb {Q} with that combination by constructing the corresponding modular curve and j j -map.
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Roberts, Elizabeth F. S. "What Gets Inside: Violent Entanglements and Toxic Boundaries in Mexico City." Cultural Anthropology 32, no. 4 (November 18, 2017): 592–619. http://dx.doi.org/10.14506/ca32.4.07.
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Entanglement is a key concept in contemporary anthropology and science and technology studies. By tracing the contingent and uncertain relations that endow objects with seemingly stable boundaries, entanglement allows us to see how such boundaries restrict our ability to know the world better. This article examines the concept of entanglement in the context of contemporary life in a working-class Mexico City neighborhood, Colonia Periférico, and a longitudinal environmental health project that studies the neighborhood’s residents. While entanglement has its uses, the entanglement of working-class bodies with globalizing processes like NAFTA and the ongoing War on Drugs shows that the concept has its limits. For working-class residents, life is already deeply entangled with chronic economic and political instability shaped through the violent ravages of transnational capital. Instead, I trace how residents in Colonia Periférico secure stability through toxic boundaries that protectively keep out the disruptive effects of police and public health surveillance. Colonia Periférico’s boundaries, which include a sewage-filled dam, cement dust, and freeway exhaust, are clearly entangled with residents’ bodies. They get inside. These entanglements are the price paid for a remarkable stability, in which children can play on the streets and attentive care for drug-addicted and disabled residents is part of everyday life. With the goal of knowing the world better, then, we might complicate celebratory calls for the uncertainty of entanglement by taking into account both the practices that make boundaries and what boundaries have to offer.
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Allen, Simon, and Lars Bejder. "Southern Right Whale Eubalaena australis sightings on the Australian coast and the increasing potential for entanglement." Pacific Conservation Biology 9, no. 3 (2003): 228. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/pc030228.
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Southern Right Whales Eubalaena australis are an endangered species that have been recovering from unsustainable whaling practices and, despite being reported along the east and west coasts of Australia, they have not been duly accounted for in recent risk assessments for marine development. This review of the last decade of sightings highlights northerly movements into temperate and sub-tropical waters, indicates that fatal entanglement has occurred and points toward an increasing likelihood of interactions between migrating whales and inshore marine development. Given that entanglements and vessel strike are preventing the recovery of North Atlantic Right Whales Eubalaena glacialis, we recommend a precautionary approach to risk assessment around Australia and the formation of a national animal entanglement committee with both a pre-emptive role in assessing coastal development applications and a reactive role in the event of entanglement.
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Bae, Jeong-Myeong, Dong Jin Lee, Dong-han Yeom, and Heeseung Zoe. "Before the Page Time: Maximum Entanglements or the Return of the Monster?" Symmetry 14, no. 8 (August 10, 2022): 1649. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/sym14081649.
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The conservation of information of evaporating black holes is a very natural consequence of unitarity, which is the fundamental symmetry of quantum mechanics. In order to study the conservation of information, we need to understand the nature of the entanglement entropy. The entropy of Hawking radiation is approximately equal to the maximum of entanglement entropy if a black hole is in a state before the Page time, i.e., when the entropy of Hawking radiation is smaller than the entropy of the black hole. However, if there exists a process generating smaller entanglements rather than maximal entanglements, the entropy of Hawking radiation will become smaller than the maximum of the entanglement entropy before the Page time. If this process accumulates, even though the probability is small, the emitted radiation can eventually be distinguished from the exactly thermal state. In this paper, we provide several interpretations of this phenomenon: (1) information of the collapsed matter emitted before the Page time, (2) there exists a firewall or a non-local effect before the Page time, or (3) the statistical entropy is greater than the areal entropy; a monster is formed. Our conclusion will help resolve the information loss paradox by providing groundwork for further research.
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Cottyn, Hanne. "Copper, llamas and a virus." Commodity Frontiers, no. 1 (September 30, 2020): 16–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.18174/cf.2020a17966.
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This essay reflects on my re-encounter with the llama herders of Turco (Bolivia) and their entanglement with histories of capitalism and indigenous resistance (after many years without visiting). The pandemic sheds a new light on these shifting entanglements.
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Jozsa, R., M. Koashi, N. Linden, S. Popescu, S. Presnell, D. Shepherd, and A. Winter. "Entanglement cost of generalised measurements." Quantum Information and Computation 3, no. 5 (2003): 405–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.26421/qic3.5-2.
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Bipartite entanglement is one of the fundamental quantifiable resources of quantum information theory. We propose a new application of this resource to the theory of quantum measurements. According to Naimark's theorem any rank 1 generalised measurement (POVM) M may be represented as a von Neumann measurement in an extended (tensor product) space of the system plus ancilla. By considering a suitable average of the entanglements of these measurement directions and minimising over all Naimark extensions, we define a notion of entanglement cost E_{\min}(M) of M. We give a constructive means of characterising all Naimark extensions of a given POVM. We identify various classes of POVMs with zero and non-zero cost and explicitly characterise all POVMs in 2 dimensions having zero cost. We prove a constant upper bound on the entanglement cost of any POVM in any dimension. Hence the asymptotic entanglement cost (i.e. the large n limit of the cost of n applications of M, divided by n) is zero for all POVMs. The trine measurement is defined by three rank 1 elements, with directions symmetrically placed around a great circle on the Bloch sphere. We give an analytic expression for its entanglement cost. Defining a normalised cost of any $d$-dimensional POVM by E_{\min} (M)/\log_2 d, we show (using a combination of analytic and numerical techniques) that the trine measurement is more costly than any other POVM with d>2, or with d=2 and ancilla dimension 2. This strongly suggests that the trine measurement is the most costly of all POVMs.
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Pawlak, Andrzej. "Crystallization of Polymers with a Reduced Density of Entanglements." Crystals 14, no. 4 (April 20, 2024): 385. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cryst14040385.
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Since methods for reducing macromolecule entanglements have been developed, it has become possible to better understand the impact of polymer chain entanglement on the crystallization process. The article presents basic information about the disentangling of macromolecules and the characterization of the degree of entanglement. The basic knowledge of polymer crystallization was also presented. Then, it was discussed how polymers crystallize during their disentangling. Non-isothermal and isothermal crystallization experiments using disentangled polymers, and for comparison using entangled polymers, are described in more detail. The influence of disentangling on both nucleation and crystal growth is highlighted. It is also shown how the crystallization of polymers changes when macromolecules re-entangle.
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Khalil, E. M., and A. B. A. Mohamed. "Dynamics of entanglement and population inversion of two qubits in a hybrid nonlinear system." Modern Physics Letters A 36, no. 06 (January 15, 2021): 2150037. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217732321500371.
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An analytical solution is obtained when the Kerr medium and Stark shift are considered as nonlinear interaction terms to the system containing two-qubit and two-mode electromagnetic field from the parametric amplifier. Dynamics of the population inversion, cavity–qubit and qubit–qubit entanglements are analyzed under the unitary cavity–qubit interaction, the Kerr medium and the Stark shift. The population inversion of a qubit presents periodic revivals and collapses. The results show that the entanglement and the population inversion as well as the inversion have the same stable intervals, that is, the collapse intervals. It is found that the Kerr medium and the Stark shift may lead to reduction of the periods and the amplitudes of the population inversion and the cavity–qubit/qubit–qubit entanglement. The deteriorated qubit–qubit/cavity–qubit entanglement and the population inversion, due to the Kerr medium, may be increased by increasing the Stark shift and vice versa.
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Kauffman, Louis H., and Samuel J. Lomonaco. "Quantum entanglement and topological entanglement." New Journal of Physics 4 (October 16, 2002): 73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1367-2630/4/1/373.
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CHEN, LIN, and MASAHITO HAYASHI. "NONDISTILLABLE ENTANGLEMENT GUARANTEES DISTILLABLE ENTANGLEMENT." International Journal of Modern Physics B 26, no. 27n28 (September 18, 2012): 1243008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217979212430084.
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The monogamy of entanglement is one of the basic quantum mechanical features, which says that when two partners Alice and Bob are more entangled then either of them has to be less entangled with the third party. Here we qualitatively present the converse monogamy of entanglement: given a tripartite pure system and when Alice and Bob are entangled and nondistillable, then either of them is distillable with the third party. Our result leads to the classification of tripartite pure states based on bipartite reduced density operators, which is a novel and effective way to this long-standing problem compared to the means by stochastic local operations and classical communications. Furthermore we systematically indicate the structure of the classified states and generate them. We also extend our results to multipartite states.
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Hsu, Li-Yi. "Studying entanglement-assisted entanglement transformation." Journal of Physics A: Mathematical and General 37, no. 47 (November 11, 2004): 11439–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0305-4470/37/47/012.
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Zangi, Sultan M., Chitra Shukla, Atta ur Rahman, and Bo Zheng. "Entanglement Swapping and Swapped Entanglement." Entropy 25, no. 3 (February 25, 2023): 415. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/e25030415.
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Entanglement swapping is gaining widespread attention due to its application in entanglement distribution among different parts of quantum appliances. We investigate the entanglement swapping for pure and noisy systems, and argue different entanglement quantifiers for quantum states. We explore the relationship between the entanglement of initial states and the average entanglement of final states in terms of concurrence and negativity. We find that if initial quantum states are maximally entangled and we make measurements in the Bell basis, then average concurrence and average negativity of final states give similar results. In this case, we simply obtain the average concurrence (average negativity) of the final states by taking the product of concurrences (negativities) of the initial states. However, the measurement in non-maximally entangled basis during entanglement swapping degrades the average swapped entanglement. Further, the product of the entanglement of the initial mixed states provides an upper bound to the average swapped entanglement of final states obtained after entanglement swapping. The negativity work well for weak entangled noisy states but concurrence gives better results for relatively strong entanglement regimes. We also discuss how successfully the output state can be used as a channel for the teleportation of an unknown qubit.
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Liu, Jinlong, Di Lu, and Bin Chen. "Tuning mechanical behaviors of highly entangled hydrogels with the random distribution of mobile entanglements." Applied Mathematics and Mechanics 45, no. 2 (January 26, 2024): 277–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10483-024-3076-8.
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AbstractHighly entangled hydrogels exhibit excellent mechanical properties, including high toughness, high stretchability, and low hysteresis. By considering the evolution of randomly distributed entanglements within the polymer network upon mechanical stretches, we develop a constitutive theory to describe the large stretch behaviors of these hydrogels. In the theory, we utilize a representative volume element (RVE) in the shape of a cube, within which there exists an averaged chain segment along each edge and a mobile entanglement at each corner. By employing an explicit method, we decouple the elasticity of the hydrogels from the sliding motion of their entanglements, and derive the stress-stretch relations for these hydrogels. The present theoretical analysis is in agreement with experiment, and highlights the significant influence of the entanglement distribution within the hydrogels on their elasticity. We also implement the present developed constitutive theory into a commercial finite element software, and the subsequent simulations demonstrate that the exact distribution of entanglements strongly affects the mechanical behaviors of the structures of these hydrogels. Overall, the present theory provides valuable insights into the deformation mechanism of highly entangled hydrogels, and can aid in the design of these hydrogels with enhanced performance.
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Tang, Xin, Jinheng Xing, Xiang Yan, Chunlin Ye, Letian Zhang, Yu Zhang, Baoqiang Shu, et al. "Metallocene Polyolefins Reinforced by Low-Entanglement UHMWPE through Interfacial Entanglements." Advances in Polymer Technology 2022 (October 19, 2022): 1–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/9344096.
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By introducing low-entanglement UHMWPE, the mechanical properties of polyolefins are improved to varying degrees. For polypropylene, the lack of interaction between UHMWPE and polypropylene results in an unsatisfactory reinforcement effect, and the disentangled state makes it easier for the particles to form defects driven by a chain explosion. In contrast, regarding polyethylene and elastomer containing ethylene segments, low-entanglement UHMWPE plays a better role in reinforcement. A series of measurements including scanning electron microscopy (SEM), rheological measurements, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and mechanical measurement were used to investigate the mechanisms for the different enhancement effects. It originates from interdiffusion and entanglement forming of polyethylene segments across the interface, endowing the material with different aggregated and defect structures. For instance, EPDM possesses a higher optimal dosage of UHMWPE particles reflected in good interfacial interdiffusion with UHMWPE particles, leading to significant optimized mechanical performance.
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Trippel, E. A., N. L. Holy, and T. D. Shepherd. "Barium sulphate modified fishing gear as a mitigative measure for cetacean incidental mortalities." J. Cetacean Res. Manage. 10, no. 3 (February 15, 2023): 235–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.47536/jcrm.v10i3.641.
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Incidental mortality from entanglements in fishing gear is threatening cetacean populations worldwide. In eastern Canadian waters, entanglement deaths of the critically endangered transboundary North Atlantic right whale (Eubalaena glacialis) are a key conservation concern and incidental mortalities of harbour porpoise (Phocoena phocoena) in gillnets are a major source of mortality. Since the 1990s, a number of mitigation techniques to reduce mortalities in both species have been tested and the use of some in the US commercial fishery have been legislated. Despite this, the North Atlantic right whale population remains in a precarious state and entanglement deaths of harbour porpoise have been increasing in recent years. Further, mitigation devices, such as acoustic alarms, carry with them concerns about habituation, noise pollution, maintenance requirements and cost. The modifying of the physical characteristics of commercial fishing gear has shown some promise at reducing entanglement mortalities in initial testing while avoiding many of the drawbacks of other mitigation methods. In this study the current state of development and effectiveness of mitigation techniques through the addition of barium sulphate to fishing gear rope and twine were investigated. The development of a neutrally buoyant groundline, through the addition of barium sulphate, was undertaken in order to reduce the probability of large whale entanglements in lobster pot gear. The resulting product maintained a much lower profile in the water column relative to traditional polypropylene groundline, however, it was found unsuitable for hard-bottom areas as it was susceptible to chaffing and breaking. In order to reduce mortalities once large whales are entangled, a weak rope was developed again with the addition of barium sulphate. The breaking strength of this product was found to be 1,065lb which meets the US legislated limits (1,100lb), as opposed to traditional polypropylene rope which had a breaking strength of over 2,400lb. To meet the challenge of harbour porpoise entanglements, a gillnet twine was developed to have an increased acoustic profile and a more stiff form through the addition of barium sulphate. In field testing trials, the barium sulphate modified gillnets reduced harbour porpoise bycatch and had minimal effects on targeted groundfishes. Although they are in an early state of development, barium sulphate modified fishing gear shows promise at reducing entanglement deaths of cetaceans.
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Manríquez Zepeda, Juan Luis, Juvenal Rueda Paz, Manuel Avila Aoki, and Shi-Hai Dong. "Pentapartite Entanglement Measures of GHZ and W-Class State in the Noninertial Frame." Entropy 24, no. 6 (May 26, 2022): 754. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/e24060754.
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We study both pentapartite GHZ and W-class states in the noninertial frame and explore their entanglement properties by carrying out the negativities including 1-4, 2-3, and 1-1 tangles, the whole entanglement measures such as algebraic and geometric averages π5 and Π5, and von Neumann entropy. We illustrate graphically the difference between the pentapartite GHZ and W-class states. We find that all 1-4, 2-3 tangles and the whole entanglements, which are observer dependent, degrade more quickly as the number of accelerated qubits increases. The entanglements of these quantities still exist even at the infinite acceleration limit. We also notice that all 1-1 tangles of pentapartite GHZ state Nαβ=NαIβ=NαIβI=0 where α,β∈(A,B,C,D,E), whereas all 1-1 tangles of the W-class state Nαβ,NαIβ and NαIβI are unequal to zero, e.g., Nαβ=0.12111 but NαIβ and NαIβI disappear at r>0.61548 and r>0.38671, respectively. We notice that the entanglement of the pentapartite GHZ and W-class quantum systems decays faster as the number of accelerated particles increases. Moreover, we also illustrate the difference of von Neumann entropy between them and find that the entropy in the pentapartite W-class state is greater than that of GHZ state. The von Neumann entropy in the pentapartite case is more unstable than those of tripartite and tetrapartite subsystems in the noninertial frame.
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McBean, Sam. "Entanglement." New Formations 86, no. 86 (December 15, 2015): 132–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.3898/newf.86.rev04.2015.
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Gržinić, Marina. "Entanglement." Identities: Journal for Politics, Gender and Culture 10, no. 1-2 (January 1, 2013): 7–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.51151/identities.v10i1-2.271.
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My intention is to expose the way in how gender, class and race and media were and are overdeterminated, but without falling into a simplification that they are simply “contradictory.” I will make recourse to some contemporary performative practices and political spaces in Europe that dismantles the singular established contemporary history of art and performative practices in European context.
Author(s): Marina Gržinić
Title (English): Entanglement
Journal Reference: Identities: Journal for Politics, Gender and Culture, Vol. 10, No. 1-2 (Summer-Winter 2013)
Publisher: Institute of Social Sciences and Humanities – Skopje
Page Range: 7-13
Page Count: 7
Citation (English): Marina Gržinić, “Entanglement,” Identities: Journal for Politics, Gender and Culture, Vol. 10, No. 1-2 (Summer-Winter 2013): 7-13.
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Ganesh, Maya Indira. "Entanglement." A Peer-Reviewed Journal About 6, no. 1 (April 1, 2017): 76–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.7146/aprja.v6i1.116013.
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This paper is based on driver-less car technology as currently being developed by Google and Tesla, two companies that amplify their work in the media. More specifically, I focus on the moment of real and imagined crashes involving driver-less cars, and argue that the narrative of ‘ethics of driver-less cars’ indicates a shift in the construction of ethics, as an outcome of machine learning rather than a framework of values. Through applications of the ‘Trolley Problem’, among other tests, ethics has been transformed into a valuation based on processing of big data. Thus ethics-as-software enables what I refer to as big data-driven accountability. In this formulation, ‘accountability’ is distinguished from ‘responsibility’; responsibility implies intentionality and can only be assigned to humans, whereas accountability includes a wide net of actors and interactions (in Simon). ‘Transparency’ is one of the more established, widely acknowledged mechanisms for accountability; based on the belief that seeing into a system delivers the truth of that system and thereby a means to govern it. There are however limitations to this mechanism in the context of algorithmic transparency (Ananny and Crawford).
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Lingen, Marissa. "Entanglement." Nature 471, no. 7338 (March 2011): 402. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/471402a.
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Sze, Arthur. "Entanglement." New England Review 40, no. 1 (2019): 32–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/ner.2019.0005.
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Christandl, Matthias, and Andreas Winter. "“Squashed entanglement”: An additive entanglement measure." Journal of Mathematical Physics 45, no. 3 (March 2004): 829–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1643788.
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Blau, Steven K. "From polarization entanglement to color entanglement." Physics Today 63, no. 2 (February 2010): 17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4797290.
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Krammer, Philipp. "Characterizing entanglement with geometric entanglement witnesses." Journal of Physics A: Mathematical and Theoretical 42, no. 6 (January 15, 2009): 065305. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1751-8113/42/6/065305.
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Moravčíková, Lenka, and Mário Ziman. "Entanglement-annihilating and entanglement-breaking channels." Journal of Physics A: Mathematical and Theoretical 43, no. 27 (June 11, 2010): 275306. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1751-8113/43/27/275306.
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