Journal articles on the topic 'Enrolment behaviour'
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Kansra, Pooja, and Harinder Singh Gill. "Role of Perceptions in Health Insurance Buying Behaviour of Workers Employed in Informal Sector of India." Global Business Review 18, no. 1 (February 2017): 250–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0972150916666992.
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Health insurance can be an effective tool of personal protection. But India’s health insurance market still lags behind the other countries in terms of penetration. The present article identified the role of perceptions in the enrolment of health insurance among the urban informal sector of Punjab, India. First, data were obtained from the urban informal sector of Punjab. Then factor analysis was applied to identify the perceptions associated with enrolment of health insurance. After this, logistic regression was performed to determine the associations of identified perceptions with enrolment of health insurance. The present study identified 12 perceptions factors associated with health insurance enrolment of the informal sector in India. Out of the 12 factors, the logistic regression results proved that 8 were statistically significant influencers of health insurance enrolment decisions. The significant perceptions factors were lack of awareness about the need to buy health insurance; comprehensive coverage; income constraint; future contingencies and social obligations; lack of information; availability of subsidized government health care; linkage with government hospitals; and preference for government schemes. It was found that perceptions play a vital role in the household decisions to enrol for health insurance. Policy makers or marketers of health insurance policies should recognize the household perceptions as a potential barrier and try to develop a health insurance package as per the actual needs of the informal sector (low income) in India.
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Othman, Muhammad Hanif, Noorihsan Mohamad, and Mohd Nizam Barom. "Students’ decision making in class selection and enrolment." International Journal of Educational Management 33, no. 4 (May 7, 2019): 587–603. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijem-06-2017-0143.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to propose a theoretical model that integrates various dimensional factors which influence decision-making process of class selection and enrolment, analysing different angles of this process and explaining those factors which determine students’ decision. Design/methodology/approach This study uses quantitative design to determine and explore students’ decision making in class selection and enrolment. There were 396 students who participated in this study. The data were analysed using principle component analysis to determine the dominant factor for class selection and enrolment. Findings The study has analysed different factors that can influence students’ decision for class selection and enrolment. Five important underlying factors have been identified which includes the class and lecturer factor, time-space factor, ease and comfort factor, course mate factor and commitment factor. Moreover, the Kruskal–Wallis test shows that there is a significant mean difference in choice and selection behaviour between genders and students’ personal attitudes. Research limitations/implications This study is an early attempt to explore the wide fields of decision making in class selection and enrolment. It is hoped that follow-up studies would provide more coverage relative to the findings of this research. Practical implications One particular dimension of micro decision making faced by students is class (course) selection in the beginning of every academic semester/term. Class selection is very critical decision for students as it would reflect students expected outcome for their future career directions. More importantly, the decision made by the students may also affect their academic performance throughout their study. Social implications From the perspective of the university’s administrators, this issue is very critical for planning purposes. Understanding the students’ behaviour in class selection could improve the cost effectiveness as well as the scheduling of course offering to enhance students’ and instructors’ teaching and learning experience. Originality/value While many studies try to explore the questions of what makes a student choose a specific college/university or a specific field, limited number have investigated the behaviour of students in class selection and enrolment. This paper contributes to bridging that gap.
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Wanyama, Jane N., Maria S. Nabaggala, Bonnie Wandera, Agnes N. Kiragga, Barbara Castelnuovo, Ivan K. Mambule, Josephine Nakajubi, et al. "Significant rates of risky sexual behaviours among HIV-infected patients failing first-line ART: A sub-study of the Europe–Africa Research Network for the Evaluation of Second-line Therapy trial." International Journal of STD & AIDS 29, no. 3 (August 17, 2017): 287–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0956462417724707.
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There are limited data on the prevalence of risky sexual behaviours in individuals failing first-line antiretroviral therapy (ART) and changes in sexual behaviour after switch to second-line ART. We undertook a sexual behaviour sub-study of Ugandan adults enrolled in the Europe–Africa Research Network for the Evaluation of Second-line Therapy trial. A standardized questionnaire was used to collect sexual behaviour data and, in particular, risky sexual behaviours (defined as additional sexual partners to main sexual partner, inconsistent use of condoms, non-disclosure to sexual partners, and exchange of money for sex). Of the 79 participants enrolled in the sub-study, 62% were female, median age (IQR) was 37 (32–42) years, median CD4 cell count (IQR) was 79 (50–153) cells/µl, and median HIV viral load log was 4.9 copies/ml (IQR: 4.5–5.3) at enrolment. The majority were in long-term stable relationships; 69.6% had a main sexual partner and 87.3% of these had been sexually active in the preceding six months. At enrolment, around 20% reported other sexual partners, but this was higher among men than women (36% versus 6.7 %, p < 0.001). In 50% there was inconsistent condom use with their main sexual partner and a similar proportion with other sexual partners, both at baseline and follow-up. Forty-three per cent of participants had not disclosed their HIV status to their main sexual partner (73% with other sexual partners) at enrolment, which was similar in men and women. Overall, there was no significant change in these sexual behaviours over the 96 weeks following switch to second-line ART, but rate of non-disclosure of HIV status declined significantly (43.6% versus 19.6%, p <0.05). Among persons failing first-line ART, risky sexual behaviours were prevalent, which has implications for potential onward transmission of drug-resistant virus. There is need to intensify sexual risk reduction counselling and promotion of partner testing and disclosure, especially at diagnosis of treatment failure and following switch to second- or third-line ART.
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D’Agostino, Antonella, Giulio Ghellini, and Sergio Longobardi. "Out-migration of university enrolment: the mobility behaviour of Italian students." International Journal of Manpower 40, no. 1 (April 1, 2019): 56–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijm-07-2017-0169.
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Purpose Student mobility from the south to the north/centre of Italy is an increasingly crucial topic because the most important consequence is the continual depletion of universities situated in the southern regions. Using micro-data from the Italian Ministry of Education, University and Research (MIUR), the purpose of this paper is to investigate how contextual factors affect this mobility. Design/methodology/approach Empirical evidence is provided by developing a multilevel logit model of student decisions to move at university enrolment that allows us to identify the unique effects that student and province characteristics have on out-migration. Multilevel analysis is appropriate because the research questions focus on the role of province characteristics, variables that are measured at the macro level, on student-level outcome (out-migration) while controlling for student-level characteristics, variables that are measured at the micro level. Findings The present paper intends to contribute to the literature by quantifying the way in which contextual factors affect student mobility from the south to the north/centre of Italy. Findings show that province differences remain significant even after controlling for individual characteristics stressing the importance of the geographical dimension for student mobility. These findings have important policy implications for the future of university system in Italy. Originality/value This paper is relevant to the literature concerning this issue because most of the empirical applications are based on spatial models that do not take into account individual characteristics of the students. In addition, the multilevel methodology proposed can be easily generalise to other countries.
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ROBERTSON-ROSE, LYNNE. "Understanding Default Behaviour in Workplace Pensions: Automatic Enrolment in the UK." Journal of Social Policy 50, no. 1 (October 30, 2019): 21–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0047279419000813.
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AbstractThis article examines the retirement savings behaviour of twenty-five 30-40 years olds automatically enrolled into a workplace pension scheme. Using qualitative interviews, the paper explores the interaction between savings motivation and willingness to adhere to, or deviate from, the pension scheme defaults. Integrating insights from different savings paradigms, including sociological approaches and behavioural economics, the paper highlights how social motives drove willingness to accept enrolment defaults. Participants’ reactions to the contribution defaults were motivated by a complex combination of factors including anchoring effects, the salience of ageing, and emotional responses such as pride, uncertainty and loss aversion. The author’s main premise is that greater attention needs to be given to the interaction between subjective feelings about saving for retirement and pension scheme design.
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Heckman, Carolyn J., Jennifer L. Dykstra, and Bradley N. Collins. "Substance-related knowledge, attitude, and behaviour among college students." Health Education Journal 70, no. 4 (September 13, 2010): 383–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0017896910379694.
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Objective: To examine substance-related attitudes and behaviours among college students across an academic semester. Design: Pre–post quasi-experimental survey design. Setting: A large University in the Midwestern United States. Method: Surveys were completed by 299 undergraduates enrolled in three courses: drugs and behaviour, abnormal psychology, and normal personality theories. Results: Although students that were enrolled in the drug course were not more knowledgeable about drugs than others at baseline, their knowledge increased by semester’s end, while the others’ did not. Perceived prevalence of alcohol use was more accurate and became increasingly accurate among drugs and behaviour students. Class enrolment, gender, and baseline substance use were associated with baseline attitudes and behaviours as well as changes over time. Conclusion: This study offers implications for substance use education opportunities on college campuses.
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Lowes, Susan, Peiyi Lin, and Brian Kinghorn. "Exploring the Link between Online Behaviours and Course Performance in Asynchronous Online High School Courses." Journal of Learning Analytics 2, no. 2 (December 7, 2015): 169–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.18608/jla.2015.22.13.
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As enrolment in online courses has grown and LMS data has become accessible for analysis, researchers have begun to examine the link between in-course behaviours and course outcomes. This paper explores the use of readily available LMS data generated by approximately 700 students enrolled in the 12 online courses offered by Pamoja Education, the course provider for the International Baccalaureate, in 2012–2013. The findings suggest that LMS data sets can indeed provide useful information on the relationship between online behaviours and final grades; that higher levels of online behaviours are associated with higher performance; that two types of behaviour, one associated with attendance and the other associated with interactivity, operate separately; and that these two types of behaviour function differently depending on gender.
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Qureshi, Madeeha Gohar. "The Gender Differences in School Enrolment and Returns to Education in Pakistan." Pakistan Development Review 51, no. 3 (September 1, 2012): 219–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.30541/v51i3pp.219-256.
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Using estimates of schooling demand function and private rate of return to education by gender derived from Household Integrated Economic Survey 2010-11, this paper attempts to examine if there is any dynamics to define a differential behaviour across gender in enrolment in Pakistan and if there is then what can be the possible cause of such discrepancies and how can they be reduced. The first set of analysis focuses on the estimates of probability of enrolment at primary, secondary and tertiary level of education by gender. Strong evidence for higher likelihood of enrolment emerges only at the secondary level of education when the gender is male. The behaviour of the determinants for these schooling demand functions at different levels of education differs by gender. One such key variable is parental education, which is more pronounced in case of mother’s education towards increasing the likelihood of enrolment of girls at the primary and secondary level and of father’s education for boys at all levels and girls at the tertiary level. Hence investing in female education today will not only empower females today but as a positive externality will also lead to gender equity in educational outcomes in the future. Besides this intergenerational externality of investment in female education, the finding establishes that when conditional cash programmes are targeted at mothers as a policy tool they become an effective measure in increasing current female enrolment. Moreover the case for reducing gender disparities in educational outcomes is further supported when we see how gender imbalance in educational attainment and female labour force participation lead to discrepancies in the private rate of return to education by gender. The varied estimates of private rate of returns to education for males and females show that such deviations arise because the females labour force on average is much less educated than males and hence if the object is to raise the rates of returns, a targeted policy for reducing gender differences in enrolment at all levels of education primary, secondary and tertiary will have to be implemented.
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Haug, Carolin, and Joachim T. Haug. "Defensive enrolment in mantis shrimp larvae (Malacostraca: Stomatopoda)." Contributions to Zoology 83, no. 3 (June 6, 2014): 185–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/18759866-08303003.
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We describe a possible new defensive behaviour of larval stages of mantis shrimps (Stomatopoda). Mantis shrimp larvae are rarely observed in nature, thus the study is based on postures of museum material and functional morphological aspects. Specimens described here are tightly enrolled, their pleon is bent forward, and the telson is locked into the frontal margin of the shield. This margin has two lobes into which the two posterolateral spines of the telson fit. The shield shows further adaptions to enrolment; e.g., the ventral gape of the shield perfectly matches the width of the pleon and leaves no major gaps when the pleon is bent forward. Based on these observations, we briefly discuss the possibilities to infer behavioural aspects from functional morphological aspects. Enrolment in modern day organisms is primarily known from terrestrial arthropods, e.g., pill bugs and pill millipedes, but in the Palaeozoic it was mainly performed by marine organisms such as trilobites, agnostines and their relatives. Stomatopod larvae that appear to be able to perform enrolling in a marine environment are therefore a potential functional equivalent for better understanding the functional aspects of enrolment in extinct marine arthropods.
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JIANG, JIN, JIWEI QIAN, and ZHUOYI WEN. "Social Protection for the Informal Sector in Urban China: Institutional Constraints and Self-selection Behaviour." Journal of Social Policy 47, no. 2 (August 1, 2017): 335–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0047279417000563.
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AbstractThe Chinese government has recently expanded the scope of urban social insurance programmes. However, social protection for the labour force of the urban informal sector, which reaches about half the number of urban workers, lags significantly behind. This under-coverage may be due to institutional constraints, particularly the household registration system hukou, and self-selection behaviour related to the limited benefits of social insurance. Drawing on a recent nationwide individual-level survey and city-level statistics, this study examines these two explanations for the under-enrolment on the social insurance programme. First, results suggest that hukou and the intergovernmental fiscal system are major institutional constraints. Second, self-selection behaviour in programme enrolment is verified. Employers in the informal sector are likely to opt out of social insurance. More importantly, employers in the informal sector, with rural or non-local hukou, are likely to opt out of social insurance, which suggests that self-selection behaviour is constrained by institutions. Such findings have important implications for broad theoretical and policy debates on universal social protection.
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Mnguni, Lindelani. "THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN ENROLMENT IN BIOLOGY, HIV/AIDS KNOWLEDGE AND RELATED BEHAVIOUR AMONG SOUTH AFRICAN SCHOOLGIRLS." Journal of Baltic Science Education 16, no. 6 (December 15, 2017): 898–907. http://dx.doi.org/10.33225/jbse/17.16.898.
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In spite of integrating HIV/AIDS education in South African curricula the prevalence of HIV in 2016 was the highest since 2002. HIV infection rate is particularly high among schoolgirls compared with boys. Using a closed-ended questionnaire, this quantitative survey research compared Biology and non-Biology schoolgirls’ (n=291) behavioural intention, Health Literacy and HIV/AIDS Literacy to determine if enrolling for Biology, and subsequently learning about the scientific nature of HIV/AIDS would reduce risk behaviour among schoolgirls. Results indicate that Biology students have higher Health Literacy and HIV/AIDS Literacy than non-Biology students. The behavioural intentions of both groups were not significantly different. Health Literacy and HIV/AIDS Literacy did not correlate significantly with behavioural intention, which were indicative of risk behaviour. These findings suggest that enrolling for Biology and other science subjects and subsequently learning about HIV/AIDS may not reduce risk behaviour among schoolgirls. Keywords: behavioural intention, biology students, health literacy, HIV/AIDS literacy, South African schoolgirls.
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Ortega-Hernández, Javier, Jorge Esteve, and Nicholas J. Butterfield. "Humble origins for a successful strategy: complete enrolment in early Cambrian olenellid trilobites." Biology Letters 9, no. 5 (October 23, 2013): 20130679. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsbl.2013.0679.
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Trilobites are typified by the behavioural and morphological ability to enrol their bodies, most probably as a defence mechanism against adverse environmental conditions or predators. Although most trilobites could enrol at least partially, there is uncertainty about whether olenellids—among the most phylogenetically and stratigraphically basal representatives—could perform this behaviour because of their poorly caudalized trunk and scarcity of coaptative devices. Here, we report complete—but not encapsulating—enrolment for the olenellid genus Mummaspis from the early Cambrian Mural Formation in Alberta, the earliest direct evidence of this strategy in the fossil record of polymerid trilobites. Complete enrolment in olenellids was achieved through a combination of ancestral morphological features, and thus provides new information on the character polarity associated with this key trilobite adaptation.
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Neve, Melinda J., Philip J. Morgan, and Clare E. Collins. "Behavioural factors related with successful weight loss 15 months post-enrolment in a commercial web-based weight-loss programme." Public Health Nutrition 15, no. 7 (November 29, 2011): 1299–309. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1368980011003090.
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AbstractObjectiveAs further understanding is required of what behavioural factors are associated with long-term weight-loss success, the aim of the present study was to determine the prevalence of successful weight loss 15 months post-enrolment in a commercial web-based weight-loss programme and which behavioural factors were associated with success.DesignAn online survey was completed 15 months post-enrolment in a commercial web-based weight-loss programme to assess weight-related behaviours and current weight. Participants were classified as successful if they had lost ≥5 % of their starting weight after 15 months.SettingCommercial users of a web-based weight-loss programme.SubjectsParticipants enrolled in the commercial programme between August 2007 and May 2008. Six hundred and seventy-seven participants completed the survey.ResultsThe median (interquartile range) weight change was −2·7 (−8·2, 1·6) % of enrolment weight, with 37 % achieving ≥5 % weight loss. Multivariate logistic regression analysis found success was associated with frequency of weight self-monitoring, higher dietary restraint score, lower emotional eating score, not skipping meals, not keeping snack foods in the house and eating takeaway foods less frequently.ConclusionsThe findings suggest that individuals trying to achieve or maintain ≥5 % weight loss should be advised to regularly weigh themselves, avoid skipping meals or keeping snack foods in the house, limit the frequency of takeaway food consumption, manage emotional eating and strengthen dietary restraint. Strategies to assist individuals make these changes to behaviour should be incorporated within obesity treatments to improve the likelihood of successful weight loss in the long term.
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Abraham, Elisante, Cindy Gray, Adeniyi Fagbamigbe, Fabrizio Tediosi, Brianna Otesinky, Joke Haafkens, Grace Mhalu, and Sally Mtenga. "Barriers and facilitators to health insurance enrolment among people working in the informal sector in Morogoro, Tanzania." AAS Open Research 4 (September 1, 2021): 45. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/aasopenres.13289.1.
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Background: Health insurance is a crucial pathway towards the achievement of universal health coverage. In Tanzania, health-financing reforms are underway to speed up universal health coverage in the informal sector. Despite improved Community Health Fund (iCHF) rollout, iCHF enrolment remains a challenge in the informal sector. This study aimed to explore the perspectives of local women food vendors (LWFV) and Bodaboda (motorcycle taxi) drivers on factors that challenge and facilitate their enrolment in iCHF. Methods: A qualitative study was conducted in Morogoro Municipality through in-depth interviews with LWFV (n=24) and Bodaboda drivers (n=26), and two focus group discussions with LWFV (n=8) and Bodaboda drivers (n=8). Theory of planned behaviour (TPB) constructs (attitude, subjective norms, and perceived control) provided a framework for the study and informed a thematic analysis focusing on the barriers and facilitators of iCHF enrolment. Results: The views of LWFV and Bodaboda drivers on factors that influence iCHF enrolment converged. Three main barriers emerged: lack of knowledge about the iCHF (attitude); negative views from friends and families (subjective norms); and inability to overcome challenges, such as the quality and range of health services available to iCHF members and iCHF not being accepted at non-government facilities (perceived control). A number of facilitators were identified, including opinions that enrolling to iCHF made good financial sense (attitude), encouragement from already-enrolled friends and relatives (subjective norms) and the belief that enrolment payment is affordable (perceived control). Conclusions: Results suggest that positive attitudes supported by perceived control and encouragement from significant others could potentially motivate LWFV and Bodaboda drivers to enroll in iCHF. However, more targeted information about the scheme is needed for individuals in the informal sector. There is also a need to ensure that quality health services are available, including coverage for non-communicable diseases (NCDs), and that non-government facilities accept iCHF.
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Mohd Nasir, Siti Rashidah, and Mohamad Shahrizan Bariman. "Factors that Discourage Secondary School Students to Enrol in the Civil Engineering Programs." Environment-Behaviour Proceedings Journal 5, SI3 (December 28, 2020): 187–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.21834/ebpj.v5isi3.2558.
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Enrolment of students in Malaysia tertiary level programs related to STEM-based has shown a significant reduction in numbers which resulted in a decreasing number of enrolment in the Degree of Civil Engineering programs. The purpose of this study is to identify the level of student’s awareness; factors that influence the students; and suggestions for improvement. The respondents are students from secondary school in Negeri Sembilan and UiTM. The findings of this study indicate that there is a significant difference in the level of awareness according to areas; misled perception towards the program; and lack of participation from school and parent. Keywords: STEM-based education, Civil Engineering, awareness, secondary-level students eISSN: 2398-4287© 2020. The Authors. Published for AMER ABRA cE-Bs by e-International Publishing House, Ltd., UK. This is an open access article under the CC BYNC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/). Peer–review under responsibility of AMER (Association of Malaysian Environment-Behaviour Researchers), ABRA (Association of Behavioural Researchers on Asians) and cE-Bs (Centre for Environment-Behaviour Studies), Faculty of Architecture, Planning & Surveying, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia. DOI: https://doi.org/10.21834/ebpj.v5iSI3.2558
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Sheshadri, Srividya, Ayswarya Pradeep, and Mamatha Chandran. "Towards Gender Inclusive Skill Development in Rural India: Factors that Inhibit and Facilitate Skill Women’s Enrolment in Vocational Training." Environment-Behaviour Proceedings Journal 6, SI4 (July 31, 2021): 239–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.21834/ebpj.v6isi4.3032.
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Women in rural India are the country's most underserved population regarding access to skill development opportunities. Despite rhetoric at the national and international policy levels acknowledging the dearth of female participation in vocational training and subsequently skilled labour in India, female enrolment remains low. A greater understanding of factors that facilitate and hinder women's enrolment in skill development programs, particularly in the current era of pro-skill development, where vocational training is highly subsidized, if not free of cost, is required to design effective interventions that are inclusive of this perpetually side-lined population. Towards developing this improved understanding, an exploratory qualitative study was conducted in the rural Indian village of Juna Khatiwada, Madhya Pradesh, where vocational training programs for women have been made available and accessible, free of cost. Semi-structured interviews and focused group discussions were conducted with 16 women of Juna Khatiwada. In addition to identifying factors that facilitate and inhibit enrolment among the target population, the study also revealed that women who did enrol and complete vocational training courses reported better coping with domestic economic challenges. Findings from this study serve to provide recommendations on the way forward in terms of skill development policy and practice that are more inclusive of women in rural Indian. Keywords: Education and Training; Employment; Technical Vocational Rural India; Women eISSN: 2398-4287© 2021. The Authors. Published for AMER ABRA cE-Bs by e-International Publishing House, Ltd., UK. This is an open access article under the CC BYNC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/). Peer–review under responsibility of AMER (Association of Malaysian Environment-Behaviour Researchers), ABRA (Association of Behavioural Researchers on Asians/Africans/Arabians) and cE-Bs (Centre for Environment-Behaviour Studies), Faculty of Architecture, Planning & Surveying, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia. DOI: https://doi.org/10.21834/ebpj.v6iSI4.3032
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Kemler, Ellen, Maaike Cornelissen, and Vincent Gouttebarge. "The effectiveness of an online intervention in stimulating injury-preventive behaviour in adult novice runners. Results of a randomised controlled trial." South African Journal of Sports Medicine 33, no. 1 (September 20, 2021): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.17159/2078-516x/2021/v33i1a11297.
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Background: The online intervention Runfitcheck was developed to stimulate injury-preventive behaviour among adult novice runners.
Objective: The objective of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of Runfitcheck on injury-preventive behaviour among adult novice runners.
Material and methods: A randomised controlled trial was conducted among adult novice runners. The intervention group had access to the Runfitcheck intervention, the control group performed their running activities as usual. One, three, and five months after enrolment, participants reported retrospectively what they had done regarding injury-preventive behaviour (operationalised as (i) using a (personalised) training schedule; (ii) performing strength and technique exercises; and (iii) performing a warm-up routine prior to running). Relative Risks (RR) and 95% Confidence Interval (95%CI) were used to analyse behavioural change.
Results: The intervention group (n=715) searched more often for information about a warm-up routine (RR 1.211; 95%CI 1.080-1.357), added more often strength exercises to their warm-up routine ( RR 1.228; 95%CI 1.092-1.380). The intervention group performed more often running technique exercises compared to the control group (n=696) (RR 1.134; 95%CI 1.015-1.267), but less often strength exercises (RR 0.865 (95%CI 0.752-0.995). Within the group of runners that did not perform any warm-up routine at enrolment (n=272), the intervention group performed a regular warm-up routine more often than the control group (RR 1.461; 95%CI 1.084-1.968) No significant results were found for using a training schedule.
Discussion and conclusion: The online intervention Runfitcheck was effective in stimulating aspects of injury-preventive behaviour in adult novice runners, mostly related to a warm-up routine.
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Ghosh, A., G. Philiponis, A. Bewley, E. R. Ransom, and N. Mirza. "You can't pay me to quit: the failure of financial incentives for smoking cessation in head and neck cancer patients." Journal of Laryngology & Otology 130, no. 3 (February 15, 2016): 278–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022215116000037.
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AbstractObjective:A prospective randomised study was conducted at a tertiary care hospital to evaluate the effects of financial incentives for smoking cessation targeted at a high-risk population.Methods:Patients with a past history of head and neck cancer were voluntarily enrolled over a two-year period. They were randomised to a cash incentives or no incentive group. Subjects were offered enrolment in smoking cessation courses. Smoking by-product levels were assessed at 30 days, 3 months and 6 months. Subjects in the incentive group received $150 if smoking cessation was confirmed.Results:Over 2 years, 114 patients with an established diagnosis of head and neck cancer were offered enrolment. Twenty-four enrolled and 14 attended the smoking cessation classes. Only two successfully quit smoking at six months. Both these patients were in the financially incentivised group and received $150 at each test visit.Conclusion:Providing a financial incentive for smoking cessation to a population already carrying a diagnosis of head and neck cancer in order to promote a positive behaviour change was unsuccessful.
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Che Azemi, Helmie Sheha, and Abdul Rahim Romle. "Predicting Loyalty in Malaysian Public Higher Education using Theory of Planned Behaviour." Jurnal Aplikasi Manajemen, Ekonomi dan Bisnis 4, no. 2 (April 16, 2020): 63–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.51263/jameb.v4i2.99.
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Most of studies in business and marketing are adopting various theories to understand loyalty among customers. In the recent studies, understanding customer behaviour will help institutions to re-strategize their planning and operations to increase students’ enrolment and retention. Hence, the purpose of this study is to examine the combined factors of attitude, subjective norms, perceived behavioural control and brand loyalty which mediated by intention to loyal and fill in the gap of literature pertaining brand loyalty. The application of Theory of Planned Behaviour (TPB) has been widely used to measure individual’s behaviour, and therefore, this study is intended to adopt TPB in understanding factors that influence loyalty in higher education. The findings in this study will help to provide more explanations and insight about students’ behaviour and their loyalty simultaneously will benefit the university managers to improve their future marketing strategy of HEIs
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Villalta-Cerdas, Adrian, and Santiago Sandi-Urena. "Self-explaining effect in general chemistry instruction: eliciting overt categorical behaviours by design." Chem. Educ. Res. Pract. 15, no. 4 (2014): 530–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c3rp00172e.
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Self-explaining refers to the generation of inferences about causal connections between objects and events. In science, this may be summarised as making sense of how and why actual or hypothetical phenomena take place. Research findings in educational psychology show that implementing activities that elicit self-explaining improves learning in general and specifically enhances authentic learning in the sciences. Research also suggests that self-explaining influences many aspects of cognition, including acquisition of problem-solving skills and conceptual understanding. Although the evidence that links self-explaining and learning is substantial, most of the research has been conducted in experimental settings. There remains a need for research conducted in the context of real college science learning environments. Working to address that need, the larger project in which this work is embedded studied the following: (a) the effect of different self-explaining tasks on self-explaining behaviour and (b) the effect of engaging in different levels of self-explaining on learning chemistry concepts. The present study used a multi-condition, mixed-method approach to categorise student self-explaining behaviours in response to learning tasks. Students were randomly assigned to conditions that included the following: explaining correct and incorrect answers, explaining agreement with another's answer, and explaining one's own answer for others to use. Textual, individual data was gathered in the classroom ecology of a university, large-enrolment general chemistry course. Findings support an association between the self-explaining tasks and students' self-explaining behaviours. Thoughtful design of learning tasks can effectively elicit engagement in sophisticated self-explaining in natural, large-enrolment college chemistry classroom environments.
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Burney, Nadeem A., and Mohammad Irfan. "Parental Characteristics, Supply of Schools, and Child School-enrolment in Pakistan." Pakistan Development Review 30, no. 1 (March 1, 1991): 21–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.30541/v30i1pp.21-62.
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In recent yean, due to a virtual unanimity about the critical role of hmnan capital in economic development, increased efforts are being made in the developing countries to eradicate illiteracy. Despite a significant increase over time in the number of educational institutions and the government's expenditure on education in Pakistan, the performance of the education sector in terms of output has been at best meagre. This non-correspondence between the growth in the educational institutions and the resultant output implies that failure to enlist the participation of the population in education can hardly be attributed exclusively to an insufficiency of the schools. To the extent that child schooling reflects parental capacity to invest in hmnan capital formation, there is a need to reckon with factors bearing parental decision regarding child schooling. This paper investigates family's decision regarding child schooling through an assessment of the determinants of child school-enro1ment, using choice theoretic framework. The regression results are indicative of the influence of household status, both economic and social, on the propensity to invest in child schooling. A positive association between the household income, parental education, and tenurial status as land-owner bear out the importance of these factors in shaping the household's decision regarding investment in human capital formation. The study also fmds traces of the quantity-quality trade-off in family's preferences regarding the nmnber of children, and it is found to be male-specific. The most disturbing fmding of the study appears to be the predominance of the influence originating from parental education. It is this inter-generational transfer of human capital which needs more attention as it also implies that illiteracy, and hence poverty, of the parents gets transmitted to the off-spring. The analysis also brings out the fact that the labour market hiring practices serve as an important feedback to the household's human capital formation behaviour.
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Rodger, AJ, FC Lampe, AE Grulich, M. Fisher, G. Friedland, N. Phanuphak, JR Bogner, et al. "Transmission risk behaviour at enrolment in participants in the INSIGHT Strategic Timing of AntiRetroviral Treatment (START) trial." HIV Medicine 16 (February 25, 2015): 64–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/hiv.12235.
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Van Den Brule, Adriaan J. C., Christian Munk, Jeanette F. Winther, Susanne Krüger Kjaer, Hans O. Jørgensen, Chris J. L. M. Meijer, and Servaas A. Morré. "Prevalence and persistence of asymptomatic Chlamydia trachomatis infections in urine specimens from Danish male military recruits." International Journal of STD & AIDS 13, no. 1_suppl (December 2002): 19–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1258/095646202762226100.
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Danish male military recruits (n = 388) were included in a follow-up study to investigate the prevalence and persistence of asymptomatic Chlamydia trachomatis infections. Urine specimens were collected at enrolment and after approximately six months. C. trachomatis was detected by polymerase chain reaction (Amplicor, Roche). Questionnaires were filled out concerning sexual behaviour and clinical symptoms. The prevalence of asymptomatic C. trachomatis in Danish male military recruits was 4.6% (18 out of 388). From five C. trachomatis-positive men no follow-up sample was obtained. From the remaining 13 C. trachomatis-positive men four (31%) were treated for C. trachomatis between the two visits (outside the study protocol). Of the remaining nine men, one cleared the infection and eight men (89%) had a persistent infection. The number of lifetime sexual partners was associated with the presence of C. trachomatis at enrolment. Although based on small numbers, this follow-up study shows, in contrast to women with asymptomatic C. trachomatis infections, a high percentage of C. trachomatis persistence in asymptomatically infected males.
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Ge, Jinjin, Li Wang, Xueqing Peng, Chi Zhang, Shiqi Zhao, Meng Zhou, Shaowen Tang, and Hua You. "Behaviour model integrated by protection motivation theory and information–motivation–behavioural skills model applying in pregnancy weight management (PrInMAMa): a study protocol for a randomised controlled trial in China." BMJ Open 12, no. 1 (January 2022): e051275. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2021-051275.
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IntroductionExcessive gestational weight gain poses a significant threat to maternal and child health. The healthy behaviour theory has been increasingly applied to weight management during pregnancy, but research is still insufficient. The successful application of the protection motivation theory (PMT) and the information–motivation–behavioural skills (IMB) model in the field of healthy behaviour laid the foundation for this intervention study. The overall aim of this study is to test the effectiveness of interventions based on the behaviour model integrated with the PMT and IMB model (PMT–IMB model) on weight management and provide feasible methods for weight management during pregnancy.Methods and analysisThis prospective, single-centre, randomised controlled trial involves two steps. First, based on the PMT–IMB model, evaluation tools and intervention materials will be developed. Second, more than 800 women in the first trimester of pregnancy will be randomly assigned to two groups and will be followed until 1 week after delivery. The control group will receive standardised antenatal care (ANC), whereas the experimental group will receive both standardised ANC and interventions based on the PMT–IMB model. After three surveys (at enrolment, at 28 weeks of gestation, and on the day of hospitalisation for delivery), primary outcomes (scores of the subscales of the PMT–IMB model, scores of the pregnancy weight management strategy scale, and gestational weight gain) and secondary outcomes (pregnancy outcomes and pregnancy complications) will be obtained. Differences in outcomes between the two groups will be analysed to evaluate the effectiveness of the intervention.Ethics and disseminationThe study protocol has been approved by the ethics committee of Nanjing Medical University. All participants will sign an informed consent form prior to enrolment. The findings of the study will be published in peer-reviewed journals and presented at conferences.Trial registration numberChiCTR2100043231
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Forlin, Chris, and Gay Tierney. "Accommodating Students Excluded from Regular Schools in Schools of Isolated and Distance Education." Australian Journal of Education 50, no. 1 (April 2006): 50–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/000494410605000105.
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In Western Australia there is a relatively small number of students whose behaviour is so severe that they are precluded from participating in regular schools. One alternative education placement for these students has been to enrol them in the Schools of Isolated and Distance Education (SIDE) program. This research reviews the enrolment of excluded students at SIDE as perceived by the personnel who provide this service. A number of key issues emerge that pertain specifically to student learning, communication, attitude and the lack of availability of appropriate alternative programs for these students.
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Saqib, Najam. "Willingness to Pay for Primary Education in Rural Pakistan." Pakistan Development Review 43, no. 1 (March 1, 2004): 27–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.30541/v43i1pp.27-51.
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Highly subsidised public schools are the principal provider of education in the rural areas of Pakistan. Steady growth of school age population over time coupled with stagnant public funding has put enormous pressure on this system. The alternative of cost recovery through user charges has its own critics. They argue that introduction of tuition fees would substantially reduce the already small representation of low-income households in primary schools due to high price elasticity of their demand for schooling. Moreover, the revenuegenerating potential of this policy may also be limited due to same reason. The present study uses a discrete choice random utility model of household utility maximising behaviour to evaluate feasibility and consequences of introducing user fees in primary schools in rural Pakistan, particularly with reference to above criticisms. The demand function for school enrolment derived from this model allows us to test the hypothesis that price elasticity of demand for schooling varies with income. It also provides estimates of the parameters of the utility function needed for measuring parents’ willingness to pay for their childrens’ education if money generated from tuition fees is reinvested in education. The estimated demand function takes into account total price of education, including opportunity cost. Estimation results show that price elasticity of demand for school enrolment is higher for lower-income groups. Hence school enrolment of the poorest children would bear the main brunt of user fees policy. Children’s gender and age, father’s education, presence of T.V. in the household, and community variables like the presence of an elected district council member, electricity, and public transport in the village turn out to be significant influences on the probability of primary school enrolment. Willingness to pay for education is lower for poorer households and can generate revenues to cover only a fraction of the cost of running a school. Hence the need to search for other sources of financing primary education in rural Pakistan.
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Bardus, Marco, Holly Blake, Scott Lloyd, and L. Suzanne Suggs. "Reasons for participating and not participating in a e-health workplace physical activity intervention." International Journal of Workplace Health Management 7, no. 4 (November 4, 2014): 229–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijwhm-11-2013-0040.
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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to investigate the reasons for participating and not participating in an e-health workplace physical activity (PA) intervention. Design/methodology/approach – Semi-structured interviews and two focus groups were conducted with a purposive sample of employees who enrolled and participated in the intervention and with those who did not complete enrolment, hence did not participate in it. Data were examined using thematic analysis according to the clusters of “reasons for participation” and for “non-participation”. Findings – Reported reasons for participation included a need to be more active, to increase motivation to engage in PA, and to better manage weight. Employees were attracted by the perceived ease of use of the programme and by the promise of receiving reminders. Many felt encouraged to enrol by managers or peers. Reported reasons for non-participation included lack of time, loss of interest towards the programme, or a lack of reminders to complete enrolment. Practical implications – Future e-health workplace behavioural interventions should consider focusing on employees’ needs and motivators to behaviour change, provide regular reminders for participants to complete enrolment and ensure that procedures are completed successfully. Barriers to participation could be identified through formative research with the target population and feasibility studies. Originality/value – This study combines a qualitative analysis of the reasons why some employees decided to enrol in a workplace PA intervention and why some others did not. This study highlights factors to consider when designing, implementing and promoting similar interventions and that could inform strategies to enhance participation in workplace PA interventions.
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Scott, Karen, and Lisa Beatty. "Feasibility study of a self-guided cognitive behaviour therapy Internet intervention for cancer carers." Australian Journal of Primary Health 19, no. 4 (2013): 270. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/py13025.
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Despite the evidence base for Internet-delivered self-help programmes, their application to cancer carers has not been reported. This feasibility study evaluated a 6-week internet cognitive behaviour therapy (CBT) programme for early stage cancer carers. The study participants comprised 13 carers who were recruited over a 17-month period. Measures included distress, quality of life and programme engagement. Changes over time were measured using effect sizes (Cohen’s d), whereas acceptibility was assessed using qualitative feedback. Low enrolment and high attrition rates resulted in a failure to demonstrate feasibility. Large improvements in negative affect (d = 0.88) and emotional functioning (d = 0.62) were found. For treatment completers, the intervention holds promise in reducing distress. However, in light of the serious challenges with recruitment and retention, further research is needed to resolve participation barriers.
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Amicone, L., L. Santangelo, C. Cicchini, A. Conigliaro, F. Garibaldi, A. Marchetti, and M. Tripodi. "259 DYNAMIC BEHAVIOUR OF HEPATOCYTE IS ORCHESTRATED BY DYNAMIC ENROLMENT OF HNF4-DEPENDENT ACTIVATOR AND/OR REPRESSOR COMPLEXES." Journal of Hepatology 54 (March 2011): S107. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0168-8278(11)60261-4.
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Abraham, Jessy, and Katrina Barker. "Exploring Gender Difference in Motivation, Engagement and Enrolment Behaviour of Senior Secondary Physics Students in New South Wales." Research in Science Education 45, no. 1 (May 26, 2014): 59–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11165-014-9413-2.
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SILVA, SIMONE, and DAVID R. HOTCHKISS. "HOW DOES THE SPREAD OF PRIMARY AND SECONDARY SCHOOLING INFLUENCE THE FERTILITY TRANSITION? EVIDENCE FROM RURAL NEPAL." Journal of Biosocial Science 46, no. 1 (February 21, 2013): 16–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021932013000096.
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SummaryFrom 1996 to 2006, Nepal experienced a substantial fertility decline, with the total fertility rate dropping from 4.6 to 3.1 births per woman. This study examines the associations between progress towards universal primary and secondary schooling and fertility decline in rural Nepal. Several hypotheses regarding mechanisms through which education affects current fertility behaviour are tested, including: the school environment during women's childhood; current availability of schools; knowledge of educational costs; and women's own educational attainment. Data for the analysis come from the 2003–04 Nepal Living Standards Survey, a nationally representative random sample of households, which includes detailed data on fertility, household expenditure, educational attainment, demographic characteristics and the use of social services. Census and administrative data are also used to construct district-level gross enrolment ratios for primary and secondary schools during the women's childhood. Discrete dependent variable modelling techniques are used to estimate the effects of the following variables on the probability of women giving birth in a given year: district-level gross enrolment ratios for primary and secondary schools during women's childhood; having had a child previously in school; women's own educational level; current school availability; and other covariates. Separate models are estimated for the overall sample of rural women of reproductive age, and for parity-specific sub-samples. The results suggest that district-level gross enrolment ratios for secondary schools and, in some instances, having had a previous child enrolled in school are significant determinants of fertility in rural areas. These results are highly independent of women's own educational levels. Overall, the results suggest that, in the rural Nepal context, mass schooling influences the fertility transition through both community- and household-level pathways.
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McEwan, Rob. "Secondary student motivation to participate in a Year 9 Australian elective classroom music curriculum." British Journal of Music Education 30, no. 1 (July 2, 2012): 103–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s026505171200023x.
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Despite strong philosophical arguments supporting the inclusion of music in all students’ education, declining student participation rates in school music activities during the middle years of schooling remain an ongoing issue for music education researchers. This paper presents the findings of a case study examining the motivational factors influencing student enrolment behaviour in the elective classroom music curriculum within the social context of an independent secondary school in regional Australia. The analysis discussed in this paper focuses on the socio-cultural contexts of school culture, peer group, family values and student perceptions of teachers as factors shaping student academic motivational orientations.
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Fan, Y. C., Y. Zhao, Q. Xiang, J. Hu, M. Sharma, and H. Chen. "Change in smoking behaviour of people who suffer from respiratory disease." International Journal of Tuberculosis and Lung Disease 24, no. 9 (September 1, 2020): 941–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.5588/ijtld.19.0691.
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OBJECTIVE: To analyse smoking behaviour in patients suffering from non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and pulmonary TB (PTB).METHODS: The study population comprised 421 inpatients newly diagnosed with NSCLC, COPD and PTB at the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China, and 362 healthy individuals (controls) recruited from September 2016 to March 2017. All participants were current smokers. After enrolment, the subjects were invited to participate in face-to-face interviews to complete the self-designed questionnaire. A follow-up survey was performed 2 years later.RESULTS: Two years after being diagnosed, patients with NSCLC, COPD and PTB had smoking cessation rates of respectively 76.8%, 62.8% and 63.7%. The cessation rate was only 10.2% in the control group (P < 0.01). The difficulty of smoking cessation after diagnosis in patients with the three diseases was significantly decreased (P < 0.01).CONCLUSION: The smoking cessation rate among participants suffering from NSCLC, COPD and PTB increased after diagnosis compared with that before diagnosis, and was significantly higher than the control group of healthy individuals.
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Lasa, J. S., A. Sambuelli, I. Zubiaurre, G. J. Correa, P. Lubrano, D. C. Balderramo, O. Ruffinengo, et al. "P600 Real-world clinical characteristics and therapeutic strategies in patients with moderate-to-severe Inflammatory Bowel Disease in Argentina: Data from the RISE AR study." Journal of Crohn's and Colitis 15, Supplement_1 (May 1, 2021): S546—S547. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ecco-jcc/jjab076.721.
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Abstract Background Evidence on the adoption of different pharmacologic strategies in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) in the real-world setting in Latin America is scarce. Herein, we describe the clinical characteristics and therapeutic strategies of IBD patients (pts) in Argentina. Methods RISE AR (NCT03488030) was a multicentre, non-interventional study with a cross-sectional evaluation and a 3-year retrospective data collection period conducted in Argentina (12/2018-05/2019) to assess the use of IBD treatments. Adult pts (≥18 years old) with a previous diagnosis of moderate-to-severe ulcerative colitis (UC) or Crohn′s disease (CD) based on clinical, endoscopic or imaging criteria at least 6 months prior to enrolment, were included. Results Overall, 101 CD and 145 UC pts were included. Median (range) age (years) at enrolment was 39.5 (18.2–74.0) for CD (51.2% female) and 41.9 (18.0–80.4) for UC (55.2% female); median (range) disease duration (years) was 7.4 (0.6–36.9) for CD and 5 (0.7–33.8) for UC. At enrolment, 51.5% of CD pts had colonic involvement, 32.7% ileocolonic, 8.9% ileal, 1% isolated upper tract and 5.9% had combined L4/other. In UC, 46.2% had extensive colitis, 44.7% left-sided colitis and proctitis 9.1%. 51.6% of CD pts had non-inflammatory behaviour (37.7% stricturing; 13.9% penetrating), and 34% had perianal disease (13.9% as B1p), resulting in a total of 65.5% pts with complicated disease. Only 9.3% of CD (Harvey Bradshaw Index ≥8) and 7.7% of UC (partial Mayo Score ≥5) pts showed moderate-to-severe disease activity at enrolment. In CD, 70.3% of pts were receiving a biologic agent vs. 29.7% of UC pts. Immunosuppressant (IMM) use was similar between groups (CD 39.6%, UC 40.0%); nearly one-third of the pts on a biologic were receiving concomitant IMM (CD 33.8%, UC 34.9%). Aminosalicylates (5-ASA) were used for most UC pts (89.0%) vs. 47.5% of CD pts, mainly in those with L2 disease. 5-ASA monotherapy was prescribed in 32.1% of UC vs. 5.3% of CD pts, but were also used with IMM (UC 25%, CD 11%), biologics (UC 15%, CD 11.6%) or all three therapies combined (UC 6.4%, CD 17.9%). Corticosteroids (CS) were the least prescribed therapy (CD 7.9%, UC 13.8%). IBD treatments ever prescribed during the retrospective period were (CD, UC): biologics: 79.2%, 33.8%; IMM: 65.3%, 58.6%; 5-ASA: 62.4%, 97.9%; CS: 55.4%, 69.7%. Conclusion In this cohort of IBD patients, biologics use was high, especially among CD patients, in line with disease behaviour, and possibly by their increased availability in these reference centres. This study also highlights country-specific clinical features such as the low proportion of CD pts and the high prevalence of colonic involvement in CD.
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Friedman, S. M., M. Kuipers, and A. Ackery. "P044: HEADSTRONG: helmet education, advocacy, distribution & social media trial to reduce obstacles & nudge group behaviour." CJEM 18, S1 (May 2016): S93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/cem.2016.220.
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Introduction: Head injury is a major cause of bicycling-related disability and death, and more likely to occur in unhelmeted riders. Legislation regarding helmet use varies by province. In Ontario, helmet use is not mandatory for cyclists >= age 18, and approximately 50 % of adult cyclists do not routinely wear helmets. Non-legislative approaches to increase helmet use have included education, public health campaigns, and helmet giveaways, but sustained effect is typically limited. The goal of the HEADSTRONG Behaviour Study is to identify injured adult cyclists who do not regularly wear helmets, and effect sustained helmet use. The strategy incorporates evidence-based elements of health behaviour change, including: reducing barriers, education and modelling, providing necessary materials, and social support. Methods: Prospective cohort study in downtown Toronto teaching hospital, launched Nov 2015. ED clinician (EP or NP) will recruit injured cyclists (consecutive, convenience sample) who report not regularly wearing a helmet nor owning a suitable one. Study endpoint: 100 enrolled (to estimate prevalence of usage of +/- 10%, alpha 0.05, power >90%, assuming 80% study completion and 50 % helmet wearing at 12 months). Exclusion criteria: unable to consent, admitted to hospital, age <18. Each element of the HEADSTRONG Behaviour Strategy is intended to facilitate patient adoption and maintenance of the desired behaviour, including: 1) enrolment/education by research associate while still in the ED; 2) provision and fitting of a free bicycle helmet; 3) social contract commitment and tailored reminders to document ongoing helmet use: participant agrees to respond to brief electronic survey follow-ups at two weeks, two months, six months, and twelve months; 4) social media engagement with participation in the HEADSTRONG Twitter group, which engages other enrolees and cycling advocacy groups; 5) peer nomination: the participant who is complying with the social contract is encouraged to nominate an uninjured non helmet-wearing colleague to enrol in the study. Results: Primary outcomes include: recruitment rate, enrolment, and sustained participation through follow-up period. Secondary outcomes include age, gender and social demographics of helmet recipients, and participation of peers. Conclusion: Discussion of strategy and interim results at six month interval will be presented at CAEP.
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Saxton, Peter J. W., Sunita Azariah, Richard A. Franklin, Rose F. Forster, Suzanne F. Werder, Renee Jenkins, Jason M. Myers, Joseph G. Rich, Whatitiri P. Te Wake, and Mark D. Fisher. "Baseline characteristics of gay and bisexual men in a HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis demonstration project with equity quotas in Auckland, New Zealand." Sexual Health 16, no. 1 (2019): 47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sh18056.
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Background In New Zealand, pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) should target gay and bisexual men (GBM), and equity is an important principle. Baseline characteristics of GBM offered PrEP in a demonstration project with an enrolment quota of 50% non-Europeans are described. Methods: An open-label, single-arm treatment evaluation study design (‘NZPrEP’) was used. The settings were four publicly funded sexual health clinics in Auckland in 2017. The study population was 150 GBM recruited from clinics, community sources and social media. Participants self-completed an online questionnaire about PrEP awareness, attitudes and sexual risk behaviour in the last 3 months. Baseline characteristics are described and examined to determine whether these were associated with PrEP initiation status (self-referral vs doctor/nurse recommendation). Results: In total, 150 GBM of whom half (52%) were non-European, including 21.3% Maori, 19.3% Asian and 8.7% Pacific, were enrolled into the study. Two-thirds (65.3%) self-referred for PrEP and one-third (34.7%) were recommended PrEP by the doctor/nurse. Participants reported a high number of male condomless receptive anal intercourse partners (MenAICLR) (median 3, range 0–50), with 10% reporting 10 or more MenAICLR and 45.3% reporting group sex. In the previous year, 65.3% had a sexually transmissible infection (STI); 18% had rectal chlamydia or gonorrhoea at enrolment. Almost half (47.7%) had recently used drugs with sex, including 8.1% who used methamphetamine. Participants recommended PrEP had lower education, lived less centrally and had a higher STI prevalence than PrEP self-referrers, but their risk behaviour was similar. Conclusions: Early PrEP adopters in New Zealand have high HIV risk. Demonstration projects should consider equity mechanisms so that minorities can participate meaningfully.
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Dalaba, Maxwell Ayindenaba, Paul Welaga, Philip Ayizem Dalinjong, Samuel Chatio, Mustapha Immurana, Robert Kaba Alhassan, Desmond Klu, et al. "Health-seeking behaviour and cost of fever treatment to households in a malaria-endemic setting of northern Ghana: a cross-sectional study." BMJ Open 11, no. 9 (September 2021): e052224. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2021-052224.
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ObjectivesTo examine the health-seeking behaviour and cost of fever treatment to households in Ghana.DesignCross-sectional household survey conducted between July and September 2015.SettingKassena-Nankana East and West districts in Upper East region of Ghana.ParticipantsIndividuals with an episode of fever in the 2 weeks preceding a visit during routine health and demographic surveillance system data collection were selected for the study. Sociodemographic characteristics, treatment-seeking behaviours and cost of treatment of fever were obtained from the respondents.ResultsOut of 1845 households visited, 21% (393 of 1845) reported an episode of fever. About 50% (195 of 393) of the fever cases had blood sample taken for testing by microscopy or Rapid Diagnostic Test, and 73.3% (143 of 195) were confirmed to have malaria. Of the 393 people with fever, 70% (271 of 393) reported taking an antimalarial and 24.0% (65 of 271) took antimalarial within 24 hours of the onset of illness. About 54% (145 of 271) of the antimalarials were obtained from health facilities.The average cost (direct and indirect) incurred by households per fever treatment was GH¢27.8/US$7.3 (range: GH¢0.2/US$0.1–GH¢200/US$52.6). This cost is 4.6 times the daily minimum wage of unskilled paid jobs of Ghanaians (US$1.6). The average cost incurred by those enrolled into the National Health Insurance Scheme (NHIS) was GH¢24.8/US$6.5, and GH¢50/US$11.6 for those not enrolled.ConclusionsPrompt treatment within 24 hours of onset of fever was low (24%) compared with the Roll Back Malaria Programme target of at least 80%. Cost of treatment was relatively high when compared with average earnings of households in Ghana and enrolment into the NHIS reduced the cost of fever treatment remarkably. It is important to improve access to malaria diagnosis, antimalarials and enrolment into the NHIS in order to improve the case management of fever/malaria and accelerate universal health coverage in Ghana.
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Finan, Samantha J., Brooke Swierzbiolek, Naomi Priest, Narelle Warren, and Marie Yap. "Parental engagement in preventive parenting programs for child mental health: a systematic review of predictors and strategies to increase engagement." PeerJ 6 (April 27, 2018): e4676. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.4676.
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Background Child mental health problems are now recognised as a key public health concern. Parenting programs have been developed as one solution to reduce children’s risk of developing mental health problems. However, their potential for widespread dissemination is hindered by low parental engagement, which includes intent to enrol, enrolment, and attendance. To increase parental engagement in preventive parenting programs, we need a better understanding of the predictors of engagement, and the strategies that can be used to enhance engagement. Method Employing a PRISMA method, we conducted a systematic review of the predictors of parent engagement and engagement enhancement strategies in preventive parenting programs. Key inclusion criteria included: (1) the intervention is directed primarily at the parent, (2) parent age >18 years, the article is (3) written in English and (4) published between 2004–2016. Stouffer’s method of combining p-values was used to determine whether associations between variables were reliable. Results Twenty-three articles reported a variety of predictors of parental engagement and engagement enhancement strategies. Only one of eleven predictors (child mental health symptoms) demonstrated a reliable association with enrolment (Stouffer’s p < .01). Discussion There was a lack of consistent evidence for predictors of parental engagement. Nonetheless, preliminary evidence suggests that engagement enhancement strategies modelled on theories, such as the Health Belief Model and Theory of Planned Behaviour, may increase parents’ engagement. Systematic review registration PROSPERO CRD42014013664.
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Pokhrel, Sagar, Ashish Tiwari, and Ram Kumar Phuyal. "An Impact of Education Marketing on Enrolment of Students at Private Management Colleges in Kathmandu." Journal of Business and Social Sciences Research 1, no. 1 (September 2, 2018): 22. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jbssr.v1i1.20947.
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<p>This paper attempts to examine the impact of different educational marketing activities undertaken by Kathmandu valley located selected private management colleges. The study has gone through the behaviour of BBA and MBA enrolled students who were recruited by the private management colleges (affiliated to both domestic and foreign universities in Nepal). The conceptual model adopted for this study consists with 7Ps of marketing mix developed by Kotler and Fox (1995) which is specially designed for educational institutions. Self-administered questionnaires were distributed to 342 students studying in 9 different colleges of Kathmandu valley in the year 2015, and the collected data was analyzed through descriptive statistics approaches. The analysis of the available information revealed that the most important influencing factor for admission at the BBA and MBA levels was recommendations made by the friends. However, the words of mouth i.e. family and relatives’ recommendations, colleges’ website and newspapers’ advertisements were also found to be effective. At the BBA level, lecturers, provision for extra-curricular activities, library and IT facilities were also of the high value for the enrolment whereas at the MBA level, profile of lecturers, teaching practices, possibilities of future employment opportunities and better placement were high on the agenda. We believe that the outcome of this study will be helpful for all private colleges, advertising agencies, and government educational agencies of Nepal to understand the psychology of students and to develop effective marketing strategies. It will further support to regulate those activities that best meet the interest of students and service providers to increase attraction among all the potential students in the private colleges.</p><p>Journal of Business and Social Sciences Research, Vol. 1, Issue 1, pp. 22-36</p>
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Amin, Amjad, Danish Alam, and Nadeem Iqbal. "Analysis of Factors Influencing Household Human Capital Investment Behavior in Conflict Zones: A Case Study of District Swat." Review of Economics and Development Studies 6, no. 4 (December 31, 2020): 881–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.47067/reads.v6i4.287.
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Development of human capital, as part of public policy, is critical for sustainable socio-economic development of a country. This study analyzed the factors that influenced the household behaviour of spending on human resources in terrorism affected region of district Swat. The uniqueness of the current study is to study human capital behaviour in the study area. The econometric technique (OLS) was applied to analyze the data. The study found that there are direct and indirect relationship exists among the targeted variables. It was found that health and education status is negatively affected by the incidence of terrorism. The education system drastically affected and the enrolment rate at the primary, secondary and post-secondary levels have exceptionally declined because of the aftermath of terrorism episode between 2002 and 2016. Health, education facilities and infrastructure are deteriorating posing a threat to long term development. The effective policies of the Government (investment in human capital) and eradicating terrorism (military actions) is a demanding subject of matter for the sake of development in the area.
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Osiewalska, Beata. "Couples’ socioeconomic resources and completed fertility in Poland." Studia Demograficzne, no. 1(167) (June 12, 2015): 31–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.33119/sd.2015.1.2.
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Recently, a growing number of studies have examined the impact of educational level and educational enrolment on the childbearing behaviour of both sexes. At the same time, other socioeconomic characteristics, such as educational field or occupation, are usually neglected or, if included, focus only on women. This study aims at analyzing how socioeconomic resources of both partners in a couple affect their completed fertility in a relatively gender-conservative country – Poland. As a representative of the postsocialist European countries, Poland is an interesting case study, in which women are often double burdened and the conditions to develop a family are more difficult. Since behavioural drivers could differ between parents and childless couples, the Bayesian Zero-Inflated Poisson model consisting of two states (childlessness and parenthood) is applied. The first-wave Generations and Gender Survey (GGS) data for Poland from 2011 are used. The results confirm that including both partners’ socioeconomic resources in the model increases the ability to characterise couples’ childbearing behaviour. In particular, the occupation of both partners occurs to have a substantial influence on their completed family size.
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Mitchell, Amy E., Alina Morawska, and Mandy Mihelic. "A systematic review of parenting interventions for child chronic health conditions." Journal of Child Health Care 24, no. 4 (October 20, 2019): 603–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1367493519882850.
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This systematic review summarizes the parenting intervention literature for parents of children with chronic health conditions and evaluates intervention effects on parenting (parenting skills and parenting efficacy) and child (behaviour, illness severity/control and quality of life) outcomes. Systematic searches using seven electronic databases (including CINHAL, MEDLINE and PsycINFO) were used to identify relevant papers published in English between 1997 and 2017, and reference lists were searched for additional relevant articles. Ten papers reporting on eight separate studies met inclusion criteria: three studies evaluated stand-alone parenting interventions, while the remaining five studies included parenting components in broader interventions that also targeted medically oriented aspects of illness management. Results suggest that parenting interventions may lead to improved parent self-efficacy, parenting behaviour, illness severity/control, child quality of life and child behaviour; however, intervention effects were mixed and confined to parent-report outcome measures. A paucity of studies using rigorous randomized controlled trial study designs limits the conclusions that can be drawn regarding intervention efficacy. Achieving adequate enrolment and retention of families in parenting intervention trials appears to be problematic within these clinical groups. Larger samples and more diverse clinical populations will support the reliability of future evaluations of parenting interventions in this context and improve generalizability of results.
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Andersson, K. M., R. M. Van Niekerk, L. M. Niccolai, O. N. Mlungwana, I. M. Holdsworth, M. Bogoshi, J. A. McIntyre, G. E. Gray, and E. Vardas. "Sexual risk behaviour of the first cohort undergoing screening for enrolment into Phase I/II HIV vaccine trials in South Africa." International Journal of STD & AIDS 20, no. 2 (February 2009): 95–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.1258/ijsa.2008.008207.
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VOLLMER-CONNA, U., C. FAZOU, B. CAMERON, H. LI, C. BRENNAN, L. LUCK, T. DAVENPORT, D. WAKEFIELD, I. HICKIE, and A. LLOYD. "Production of pro-inflammatory cytokines correlates with the symptoms of acute sickness behaviour in humans." Psychological Medicine 34, no. 7 (October 2004): 1289–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0033291704001953.
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Background. Elaboration of the concept of cytokine-induced sickness behaviour in recent years has opened new avenues for understanding brain involvement in sickness and recovery processes. Additionally, this has led to much speculation about the role of the immune system in neuropsychiatric syndromes, including depression and chronic fatigue. However, few studies have examined this phenomenon as it naturally occurs in sick humans, and none has attempted to document the quantitative relationships between cytokine levels and non-specific symptoms. The aim of this research was to examine human sickness behaviour and its immunological correlates in documented Epstein–Barr virus (EBV), Q fever or Ross River virus (RRV) infections.Method. We studied two separate samples. The first consisted of 21 patients with acute Q fever. The second included 48 patients with acute RRV or EBV infection. Psychological and somatic symptom profiles were derived from self-report measures completed at enrolment. Quantification of pro-inflammatory cytokines [interleukin (IL)-1β and IL-6] in sera and supernatants of peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) cultures was undertaken by specific ELISAs.Results. Levels of IL-1β and IL-6 spontaneously released from PBMC cultures were consistently correlated with reported manifestations of acute sickness behaviour including fever, malaise, pain, fatigue, mood and poor concentration.Conclusions. IL-1β and IL-6 produced as part of the host response represent sensitive markers of sickness behaviour in humans with acute infection. Further work is needed to systematically characterize the spectrum and natural history of sickness behaviour in humans and to elucidate its biological basis.
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Shaari, Mariam Felani, Sabarinah Sh. Ahmad, Izaham Shah Ismail, and Yazid Zaiki. "The Quality of Overall Planning and its Influence on Overcrowding in Malaysian Preschools." Asian Journal of Environment-Behaviour Studies 6, no. 18 (September 4, 2021): 63–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.21834/ajebs.v6i18.383.
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Overcrowding in Malaysian preschools is concerning and can be attributed to inadequate building size and poor planning. Sufficient space for learning activities is crucial for children's development. This study examines and proposes recommendations to improve the overall planning of 26 public Ministry of Education (MOE) preschools in Klang Valley. The Children’s Physical Environment Rating Scale was used to assess planning aspects including building size, indoor activity spaces, classroom enrolment, and modules. Most assessed MOE preschools lacked space and the average quality of overall planning was rated Fair. Recommendations are hoped to promote better planning for public preschools in Malaysia. Keywords: preschool planning; preschool size; preschool overcrowding; children education. eISSN 2514-751X © 2021. The Authors. Published for AMER ABRA by E-International Publishing House, Ltd., UK. This is an open-access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/). Peer-review under responsibility of AMER (Association of Malaysian Environment-Behaviour Researchers), ABRA (Association of Behavioural Researchers on Asians/Africans/Arabians) and cE-Bs (Centre for Environment-Behaviour Studies), Faculty of Architecture, Planning & Surveying, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia. DOI: https://doi.org/10.21834/ajebs.v6i18.383
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Muslim, Muhammad Hilmy, Hafazah Abdul Karim, and Ishak Che Abdullah. "Well-Being of UiTM Shah Alam Students Living in Off-Campus Environment." Asian Journal of Environment-Behaviour Studies 3, no. 8 (May 23, 2018): 221–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.21834/aje-bs.v3i8.293.
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Current trends of housing development and rapid enrolment change are impacting students’ daily life such as their housing comfort, convenience and safety. This research is undertaken to study the challenges faced by the students’ well-being with regards to off-campus living environment. This study requires a key informant interview survey with samples taken from active and prominent off-campus students and also the officers from the Division of Students Affairs, Universiti Teknologi MARA. Findings will show challenges faced by the off-campus students and also the importance placed by the Students Affairs Division in ensuring that the comfort, convenience and safety of the students.
Keywords: Student housing; comfort; convenience, safety; off-campus.
eISSN 2514-751X © 2018. The Authors. Published for AMER ABRA cE-Bs by e-International Publishing House, Ltd., UK. This is an open-access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/). Peer–review under responsibility of AMER (Association of Malaysian Environment-Behaviour Researchers), ABRA (Association of Behavioural Researchers on Asians) and cE-Bs (Centre for Environment-Behaviour Studies), Faculty of Architecture, Planning & Surveying, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia.
https://doi.org/10.21834/aje-bs.v3i8.293
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Shaari, Mariam Felani, Sabarinah Sheikh Ahmad, and Izaham Shah Ismail. "Assessing the Quality of Overall Planning for Public Preschools at Klang Valley in Malaysia." Environment-Behaviour Proceedings Journal 5, SI1 (June 1, 2020): 3–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.21834/ebpj.v5isi1.2289.
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Poor overall planning leads to overcrowding in preschools. Ample space and a low teacher-child ratio in activity spaces are crucial. This paper investigates and proposes improvements to the overall planning quality of 26 Malaysian public preschools in Klang Valley. Four planning aspects were assessed (building size, size of indoor activity spaces, enrolment and quality of modules) using the Children’s Physical Environment Rating Scale. Most preschools were too small and the average planning quality of the studied preschools was only rated Fair. Design recommendations discussed in this paper will help designers devise better planning for Malaysian preschools in the future.Keywords: building size; children’s activity spaces; preschool design; learning environmenteISSN: 2398-4287 © 2020. The Authors. Published for AMER ABRA cE-Bs by e-International Publishing House, Ltd., UK. This is an open access article under the CC BYNC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/). Peer–review under responsibility of AMER (Association of Malaysian Environment-Behaviour Researchers), ABRA (Association of Behavioural Researchers on Asians) and cE-Bs (Centre for Environment-Behaviour Studies), Faculty of Architecture, Planning & Surveying, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia.DOI: https://doi.org/10.21834/ebpj.v5iSI1.2289
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Zimmermann, Joelle, Stuart B. Kamenetsky, and Syb Pongracic. "Special Consideration in Post-Secondary Institutions: Trends at a Canadian University." Canadian Journal of Higher Education 45, no. 4 (December 31, 2015): 261–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.47678/cjhe.v45i4.184771.
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This study examined trends in the practice of granting special consideration for missed tests and late papers in colleges and universities. We analyzed a database of 4,183 special consideration requests at a large Canadian university between 1998 and 2008. Results show a growing rate of requests per enrolment between 2001 and 2007. Although university officials and faculty are concerned that request making is excessive, an in-depth investigation of request making by the number of requests per student, request rate by course difficulty, grade point average, and illness-related work absences in the general population fails to support suspicions of dishonest behaviour. Furthermore, demographic variables—aside from part-time versus full-time student status, and to a lesser degree socio-economic status—do not distinguish students who made frequent requests from those who made few. We discuss potential explanations for the increase in requests for special consideration.
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Tijani Olakunle. Abdulgafar, Haruna Abdullahi, and Musa Umar. "Social studies education and guidance counselling as panacea to multifarious problems of the Nigerian youths." GSC Advanced Research and Reviews 13, no. 1 (October 30, 2022): 097–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.30574/gscarr.2022.13.1.0209.
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This paper focuses on Social Studies Education (SSE) and Guidance and counseling (G&C) as mitigating the multifarious problems of the Nigerian youths. It sees guidance counseling and Social Studies as having a meeting point in the areas of behavior modification for productivity and citizenship development. In view of this expositions, the paper discusses headings such as concept of Social Studies Education and Guidance and Counselling viz: their meeting points, Nigeria’s multifarious problems, the psycho-social needs of the Nigerian youths, Towards Meeting the Psycho-social needs and support for the Nigerian youths, G & C and SSE: Mitigating the multifarious problems of the Nigerian youths and factors militating against effective SSE and G&C in Nigerian schools. Among the suggestions are made that government at all levels of governance should provide adequate funding to deal with the inadequate infrastructure in the education sector so that education can be used as instrument of positive change among the Nigerian youths, Population explosion that rocks the Nigerian institutions should be adequately addressed by both the federal and state government through provision of infrastructural development to cater for the ever increasing enrolment so that the behaviour modification mission of Social Studies and Counselling can be achieved.
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Burton, Wendy, Pinki Sahota, Maureen Twiddy, Julia Brown, and Maria Bryant. "The Development of a Multilevel Intervention to Optimise Participant Engagement with an Obesity Prevention Programme Delivered in UK children’s Centres." Prevention Science 22, no. 3 (February 1, 2021): 345–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11121-021-01205-y.
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AbstractPoor participant engagement threatens the potential impact and cost-effectiveness of public health programmes preventing meaningful evaluation and wider application. Although barriers and levers to engagement with public health programmes are well documented, there is a lack of proven strategies in the literature addressing these. This paper details the development of a participant engagement intervention aimed at promoting enrolment and attendance to a community-based pre-school obesity prevention programme delivered in UK children’s centres; HENRY (Health, Exercise, Nutrition for the Really Young). The Behaviour Change Wheel framework was used to guide the development of the intervention. The findings of a coinciding focused ethnography study identified barriers and levers to engagement with HENRY that informed which behaviours should be targeted within the intervention to promote engagement. A COM-B behavioural analysis was undertaken to identify whether capability, opportunity or motivation would need to be influenced for the target behaviours to occur. APEASE criteria were used to agree on appropriate intervention functions and behaviour change techniques. A multi-level participant engagement intervention was developed to promote adoption of target behaviours that were proposed to promote engagement with HENRY, e.g. ensuring the programme is accurately portrayed when approaching individuals to attend and providing ‘taster’ sessions prior to each programme. At the local authority level, the intervention aimed to increase buy-in with HENRY to increase the level of resource dedicated to engagement efforts. At the centre level, managers were encouraged to widen promotion of the programme and ensure that staff promoted the programme accurately. HENRY facilitators received training to increase engagement during sessions, and parents that had attended HENRY were encouraged to recruit their peers. This paper describes one of the first attempts to develop a theory-based multi-level participant engagement intervention specifically designed to promote recruitment and retention to a community-based obesity prevention programme. Given the challenges to implementing public health programmes with sufficient reach, the process used to develop the intervention serves as an example of how programmes that are already widely commissioned could be optimised to enable greater impact.