Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Enquête sociologique'
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Tia, Pierre-Cédric. "Les paradoxes de l'excellence : enquête sociologique dans le footballariat hexagonal." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SACLE025.
Full textEach season, there are more than 2000 apprentices in French football academies but less than 10% of them get a professional contract in the Elite French football market (Ligue 1 and Ligue 2). Contrary to popular belief, for the majority of apprentices (90 %) this is not the end of their career or ambitions. French sociologists like Frederic Rasera (2010; 2014), showed that a lot of ex-apprentices, rejected from academies, integrate Amateur French football market (third, fourth and fifth division) because of their high skill level. Consequently, if sometimes they surrender the ambition to become professional footballer in the Elite, the Amateur French football market, that we called Footballariat, gives them the opportunity to live through football without “professional” status. Indeed, most of football's ex-apprentices secure work in amateur teams. This means that they make money in order to train and develop for advanced football competition. This paper discusses the sociological definition of a French professional player. Using both a qualitative approach (21 semi-structured interviews with amateur players) and a quantitative approach (longitudinal study of ex-apprentices born between 1987 and 1997), we show that the boundaries between amateur and professional status are very slender. Actually, we will develop two main arguments. First of all, we will demonstrate that the difference between amateur and professional status is sometimes just a legal difference. Then, we illustrate that there are several different professional football markets in France
Tissot, Sylvie. "Réformer les quartiers : enquête sociologique sur une catégorie de l'action publique." Paris, EHESS, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002EHESA115.
Full textThis dissertation examines how « the projects », defined as a space where divers – and diversely « underprivileged » - groups lived together, became a focus for public policy in France. Between 1988 and 1994, this novel “social problem” inspired the development of a new approach to urban reform, which sought at once to create new forms of sociability, to restructure the sociological make-up, and to upgrade public services in these neighborhoods. This study focuses on how those involved in this project (actors who include civil servants, social workers, and consultants) formed networks that went beyond mere institutional affiliations. It explores how their commitment to reforming “the projects” dates from an earlier period, 1975-1985, from shared experiences of moving away from previous political and professional commitments. These actors sought to bring their experiences as former activists to bear on their new careers. Academics and experts played a key role in this process. Sociological insights and statistical studies served to anchor the category of “the projects”, while the conversion of earlier “on the ground” experiences into professional expertise grounded new policy approaches. Together, these offered the basis for contemporary urban social development
Gilyuk, Oxana. "Aller étudier en France : enquête sociologique sur une jeunesse de Russie." Thesis, Paris Sciences et Lettres (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PSLEH078/document.
Full textThis thesis presents an analysis of a hundred biographical interviews with young people from the former USSR, born mainly in the 1980-1990s, two thirds of them having become students at the higher educational establishments in France. Thus, student migration from Russia to France is the main object of research, specified by comparing the cases of internationally mobile Russians and those who – at the moment of the investigation – did not have any experience of studying abroad. The comparison between mobility and non-mobility has revealed the conditions which make one want to study abroad, as well as actions undertaken to implement it. The notion of migratory career, which comprises three stages, namely design, preparation of departure, and stay, is on the one hand used to show that, first, it is not with the arrival in a foreign country that migration starts, but with the preparation for departure – this stage, if successful, being the crucial stage in the career – and second, that migration must be understood as an action that routine exposure of contexts allowing to migrate is not sufficient to explain and thus requires to be described as precisely as possible. On the other hand, the term socialization is suggested to explain the social space that enables one to conceive and implement student departure abroad. The unequal access to foreign language skills in contemporary Russia is highlighted, as well as the process – named “foreign socialization” – of the formation of representations about western countries, which makes one wish to depart. Finally, a number of dispositions, such as voluntary or amateur dispositions, are outlined that allow to conceive and implement the departure, and the processes of their appearance are retraced, allowing at the same time to reveal a relative heterogeneity and selectivity of recruitment of internationally mobile students. This thesis provides a contribution to the sociology of migration, as well as to Russian studies. Having a national field that remains little studied and associated with a number of stereotypes, widespread in the scientific world as well, it has an ambition to contribute to the sociology of socialization, which cares to capture general mechanisms of the formation and transformation of individuals in the society
Настоящая диссертация предлагает анализ ста биографических интервью с выходцами из бывшего СССР, родившимися преимущественно в 1980-1990 годах и – в случае двух третьих опрошенных – ставших студентами высших учебных заведений во Франции. Студенческая миграция из России во Францию представляет, таким образом, главный объект исследования данной работы, уточненный с помощью сравнения случаев русских студентов, обучающихся или обучившихся за рубежом, и тех, среди их сверстников и соотечественников, кто не имел – в момент интервью – подобного опыта. Сопоставление мобильность/не мобильность позволило выявить условия, которые способствуют формированию желания учиться в другой стране, а также действия, которые предпринимаются для осуществления этого желания. Понятие «карьеры» (Беккер, Гоффман, Дармон), состоящей из трех фаз – концепция, приготовление отъезда, пребывание в другой стране –, использовано в первой части диссертации с целью показать, что, с одной стороны, миграция начинается не с прибытия за границу, а с приготовления отъезда – данная фаза является, в случае ее успешного завершения, ключевой фазой миграционной карьеры – и что, с другой стороны, миграция должна быть понята как действие, требующее отдельного детального анализа, и для изучения которого описания национального или интернационального контекста не являются достаточными. Во второй части термин «социализация» (Бурдье, Дармон, Лаир) предложен для того, чтобы выявить социальное пространство, позволяющее задумать и осуществить студенческую миграцию. Неравный доступ к изучению иностранных языков в современной России упомянут с этой целью, а также процесс возникновения представлений о загранице, которые содействуют зарождению желания мигрировать. Описаны, наконец, роль и формирование других социальных качеств, часто натурализированных или психологизированных опрошенными («воля» и т.д.) и благоприятствующих реализации студенческой миграции. Оставаясь селективным, социальное пространство последней является, таким образом, относительно разнородным.Данная диссертация представляет собой вклад в социологию миграции и в изучение России. Эмпирический материал о студентах и молодых специалистах из России, страны недостаточно изученной и ассоциирующейся с рядом стереотипов, в том числе и в научном мире, позволяет также обогатить размышления о механизмах формирования и трансформации человека, члена общества
Birkan, Ilker. "Pourquoi l'art contemporain en Turquie ? : enquête sociologique à Istanbul, des Tanzimat à Gezi." Nantes, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016NANT3016.
Full textThe city of Istanbul demonstrates a very rapid development of contemporary art. Artistic centers exhibit works of art and help artistic creation, collectors and large companies to create private museums, and help more and more art galleries to spread pieces of art. Accompanied with an increasing visibility of Turkish artists in the world, this energy constitutes a singular situation both in the Middle East and in the Muslim World. Our dissertation seeks to understand what the institutions are, the organizational modes, and the sensitivity modes that were set up in Turkish society in order to promote contemporary art? and what are the processes that underpin these current artistic practices’ birth ? Far from being only the result of “economic globalization” that would standardize ways of thinking throughout the world, the development of contemporary art in Turkey is situated in a historical transformation process of society having its roots at the end of the Ottoman Empire. The appropriation of Western techniques and knowledge considered universal, became a major issue for the renewal of the declining Ottoman Empire as well as for the Republic of Turkey that was built on its ruins. In the Twentieth century, the arts of Western origin have been granted their place in Turkish society and have followed the same trends as in Europe. As a result, by the end of the Twentieth century, contemporary art has been able to become a real artistic phenomenon in the city of Istanbul. However, the State, which was the first importer of Western culture in Turkey along with Mustafa Kemal, is less interested in art today than the cultural and economic elites of the country who buy it, finance it and create its institutions. Two different social uses of contemporary art thus appear in the Turkish cultural center. On the one hand it is part of an institutionalized reflexive space that stands as a bulwark against the cultural conservatism, while on the other hand it constitutes a symbol of civilizational affirmation in the world space for the elites of a nation that inherited it from an imperial project
Celka, Marianne. "L'Animalisme : enquête sociologique sur une idéologie et une pratique contemporaines des relations homme / animal." Phd thesis, Université Paul Valéry - Montpellier III, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00806908.
Full textGoeta, Samuel. "Instaurer des données, instaurer des publics : une enquête sociologique dans les coulisses de l'open data." Thesis, Paris, ENST, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016ENST0045/document.
Full textAs more than fifty countries have launched an open data policy, this doctoral dissertation investigates on the emergence and implementation of such policies. It is based on the analysis of public sources and an ethnographic inquiry conducted in seven French local authorities and institutions. By retracing six moments of definitions of the “open data principles” and their implementation by a French institution, Etalab, this work shows how open data has brought attention to data, particularly in their raw form, considered as an untapped resource, the “new oil” lying under the organisations. The inquiry shows that the process of opening generally begins by a phase of identification marked by progressive and uncertain explorations. It allows to understand that data are progressively instantiated from management files into data. Their circulation provoke frictions: to leave the sociotechnical network of organisations, data generally go through validation circuits and chains of treatment. Besides, data must often undergo important treatments before their opening in order to become intelligible by machines as well as humans. This thesis shows eventually that data publics are also instantiated as they are expected to visualize, inspect and process the data. Data publics are instantiated through various tools, which compose another area of the invisible work of open data projects. Finally, it appears from this work that the possible legal requirement to open data asks a fundamental question, “what is data?” Instead of reducing data to a relational category, which would apply to any informational material, studied cases show that they generally are applied when data are a starting point of sociotechnical networks dedicated to their circulation, their exploitation and their visibility
Diestchy, Mireille. "Enquête sur une éthique du rythme : analyse sociologique et pragmatiste de la diffusion du slow." Thesis, Paris, ENST, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016ENST0030/document.
Full textSince the creation of the Italian association Slow Food in 1989, the term slow has been separated from the food domain and has since been used in many areas of everyday life (cosmetics, scientific research, design or management). The diffusion of the slow expresses an accusation of the rythms of our modern world and reveals an ethics widely shared. A field study amongst people who promote the slow and a pragmatist approach of values has allowed us to construct an inductive definition of this ethics, acknowledging the moral conflicts and compromises from the actors
Goëta, Samuel. "Instaurer des données, instaurer des publics : une enquête sociologique dans les coulisses de l'open data." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris, ENST, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016ENST0045.
Full textAs more than fifty countries have launched an open data policy, this doctoral dissertation investigates on the emergence and implementation of such policies. It is based on the analysis of public sources and an ethnographic inquiry conducted in seven French local authorities and institutions. By retracing six moments of definitions of the “open data principles” and their implementation by a French institution, Etalab, this work shows how open data has brought attention to data, particularly in their raw form, considered as an untapped resource, the “new oil” lying under the organisations. The inquiry shows that the process of opening generally begins by a phase of identification marked by progressive and uncertain explorations. It allows to understand that data are progressively instantiated from management files into data. Their circulation provoke frictions: to leave the sociotechnical network of organisations, data generally go through validation circuits and chains of treatment. Besides, data must often undergo important treatments before their opening in order to become intelligible by machines as well as humans. This thesis shows eventually that data publics are also instantiated as they are expected to visualize, inspect and process the data. Data publics are instantiated through various tools, which compose another area of the invisible work of open data projects. Finally, it appears from this work that the possible legal requirement to open data asks a fundamental question, “what is data?” Instead of reducing data to a relational category, which would apply to any informational material, studied cases show that they generally are applied when data are a starting point of sociotechnical networks dedicated to their circulation, their exploitation and their visibility
Diestchy, Mireille. "Enquête sur une éthique du rythme : analyse sociologique et pragmatiste de la diffusion du slow." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris, ENST, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016ENST0030.
Full textSince the creation of the Italian association Slow Food in 1989, the term slow has been separated from the food domain and has since been used in many areas of everyday life (cosmetics, scientific research, design or management). The diffusion of the slow expresses an accusation of the rythms of our modern world and reveals an ethics widely shared. A field study amongst people who promote the slow and a pragmatist approach of values has allowed us to construct an inductive definition of this ethics, acknowledging the moral conflicts and compromises from the actors
Gelly, Maud. "Classer pour soigner ? Savoirs d'Etat, idéologie préventive, raisons pratiques : enquête sociologique sur le dépistage du sida." Thesis, Paris 8, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA080071/document.
Full textHow providing health services can generate inequality? This work aims at clarifying the classification public health workers practice and their social impact. In a free and anonymous AIDS screening setting, all people consult for one single reason. This allows observing how health service providers classify their clients in social categories such as class, gender, sexuality and race and propose different service responses although the request is essentially identical and economical conditions are not an issue in this setting.The research analyzes archives, quantitative data and interviews with health workers as well as observation of their work in public and NGO’s screening centers. It highlights that little consideration is given to gender and class affiliations, whereas racial and sexual categories are of prime importance. Only white men are asked about their (homo) sexuality and receive more personalized information. Women and non-white men are supposed to be heterosexual, and therefore receive more standardized advice. The case of AIDS screening helps us understand how State’s policies and knowledge designate priority targets and thereby have an impact on how health workers perform. While agents are highly skilled to take into account social environment in their work, the focus on prevention and eradication of the disease prevents them from thinking about social inequalities between patients and thereby contributes to amplify these inequalities
Hommel, Élodie. "Lectures de science-fiction et fantasy : enquête sociologique sur les réceptions et appropriations des littératures de l'imaginaire." Thesis, Lyon, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LYSEN068/document.
Full textFollowing the research led by Annie Collovald and Erik Neveu on the reading of detective novels, and by Christine Détrez and Olivier Vanhée on the reading of mangas, this thesis studies the reading of the “littératures de l’imaginaire” (« imaginary / non realistic literature », or « speculative fiction »: a publishing category including science fiction, fantasy, and some fantastic stories). After a study of the currently available products on the French market, the field survey, which was conducted through interviews with readers aged 20 to 35, highlighted their reading motivations, appropriations, and receptions. Like mangas or detective novels, science fiction, and more broadly speculative fiction, form a literary genre whose legitimacy is not acquired. It is often perceived as an escape from the real for amateurs, and its fans are sometimes pejoratively assimilated to social outsiders. These questions were addressed in research through different prisms: the reception of publishing categories by the young adults who were interviewed, the reasons to read science fiction and fantasy, various types of receptions and appropriations of the genre, reading paths in speculative fiction, cultural and sociability practices that take place around reading, and the relationship of readers to the ambiguous legitimacy of the genre
Masclet, Olivier. "Rénovation urbaine et immigration : une intégration sous contrôle : enquête sociologique dans une ville de la banlieue parisienne." Paris, EHESS, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001EHES0024.
Full textOgorzelec, Laetitia. "Le miracle et l'enquête : Analyse sociologique de l'expertise médicale des guérisons déclarées "miraculeuses" à Lourdes." Thesis, Besançon, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012BESA1014.
Full textNot to invite the critics, the Church shows a big caution towards the declarations of "supernatural cure". It’s in this perspective that she attempts to decide between the "authentic" and between the "not authentic" among the demonstrations of the religious life and that she considers that " the false miracles must be discerned by the truths ". These distinctions are not obvious. They require investigation procedures the functioning of which remains widely unexplored by the human sciences. If, for the XIth century, the catholic magistery exercises a right to inspect, going widening, the miracles declared by the believers, it is doubtless following the events of Lourdes ("appearances" and "cures" from 1858) that this will of control expresses himself under a new shape. In a time which excites the virtues of the scientific rationality, at the precise moment when the Parisian medicine reaches the summit of its fame for its works on the hysteria, dreading the caused controversies by " the epidemic of cure " which follows the visions of Bernadette Soubirous, numerous members of the French catholic hierarchy wish to give more respectable forms to what we can consider as a explosion of popular worship not orthodox and with difficulty controllable. It is within the framework of this strategy of frame of the events that joins, in 1883, within the sanctuary of Lourdes, the creation of a medical authority asked to control the claiming of supernatural cures. By attempting to analyze this control procedure, this thesis would like to allow to understand better the way are produced the miracles in Lourdes. Our work wishes to show that it is produced, on the contrary, collectively by a set of actors (witnesses, doctors, clerics) committed in a joint activity of complex investigation to the uncertain result
Weiss, Pierre. "La fabrication du regroupement sportif "communautaire" : enquête sociologique sur les clubs de football "turcs" en France et en Allemagne." Phd thesis, Université de Strasbourg, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00923143.
Full textLigneres, Ingrid. "Les valeurs de la culture paysanne dans le monde agricole contemporain : une enquête sociologique en Carcassonnais et en Roussillon." Thesis, Perpignan, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PERP0031/document.
Full textThe Farmers socioprofessional group has gone through a significant socio-economical change since the Second World War. The starting point of this thesis – in the hinge of an hypothetical-deductive and empirical-inductive approach – is to wonder whether or not some more or less distinct traces of the peasant culture romain in the layout of the contemporary agricultural world values. Shall we declare the end of the peasant culture just like some researchers do about the end of the warking class ? The field survey is based on a qualitative approach of the data gathered via partially guided and free interviews as well as direct and participating observations along with sociological films. Their analysis was beforehand based on the drafting of a common, cultural referent created from the syncretism (merge) of the old and new values, allowing to build the cultural referend « farmo-peasant » and therefore confirming the theory of a syncretism of the values. The values within this cultural referent similar to the studied corpus have been characterized into three groups : the « distinctive and identity values », the « necessary values » and the « extraprofessional values ». The analysis of the data also highlighted a differentiated appropriation of the cultural referent « farmo-peasant » clarified thanks to its classification into three ideal models : peasant-cultivator, company manager-peasant and farmer-owner. Widely, this thesis examines the culture as a way of life for a group which at the same time falls in with the sociology of the ways of life, the work sociology and without forgetting the rural sociology
Bonnet, Agathe. "Dire et faire dire l'indicible : Entre secret et stigmate, l’analyse d’un processus d’enquête sociologique sur le ballonnement." Thesis, Paris 5, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA05H003/document.
Full textThis thesis concerns methodological matters existing in the situation of fieldwork. Here the qualitative survey realized in the frame of this research was to explore minor health issues. The survey conducted on bloating issue does notably shed light on the ‘interactional game’ between a female interviewee and a female interviewer revealing the key concepts of stigma and secrecy. Indeed, the analysis of social interactions between both actors incites to perceive the notion of fieldwork as a process where different phases decline and interact altogether. From the recruitment procedure to the closure of the survey, the effects of the investigation are observed and analyzed through a dual “eye”, the interviewee and interviewer. We qualify this methodological approach as “interactive observation”. This “interactive observation” feeds its very principle within the methodology relative to the ideas of participative-observation and the tradition of symbolic interactionism. A reflection is lead on the effects of reciprocity between the elaboration of the fieldwork’s strategies and the unfolding of the study submitted to the unpredictability of the fieldwork
Souliotis, Nikolaos. "Des quartiers à la mode : enquête sociologique sur les mutations des marchés du divertissement et de l'art à Athènes (années 1990)." Paris, EHESS, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005EHES0051.
Full textDuring the 1990s new areas have become "in fashion" in Athens, attracting bars, taverns, theatres and galleries. This study explores the relation of this transformation - perceived by common sense as a process of "upgrade" of these areas and as a change in urban "lifestyle" - with the cultural markets. The approach adopted permits to expose the different milieus of cultural producers, their interpenetration and their meeting with the urban politics, which are the conditions of the change of the areas as well as of the construction of the cultural market supply. The main axes of this study are : a typology of entrepreneurs based on theirs careers (reconverted consumers, professionals of the cultural economy changing speciality, established entrepreneurs); the analysis of the spatial concentration of enterprises as "industrial districts"; and the examination of the interaction between markets, medias and State (transfer of cultural categories, institutional regulations)
Guittet, Emmanuelle. "Lecteurs et lectrices de romans face à la prescription littéraire : une enquête sociologique sur les choix de lecture à l’ère numérique." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018USPCA150.
Full textThis thesis looks at participants’ interests in the discourses of legitimizing bodies, depending on their social class backgrounds and locations, in the digital era. Confronted to an overabundant offer, this study examines participants’ interests in the discourses of legitimizing bodies, depending on their social class backgrounds and locations. In a context where readers often remain unsure about the quality of literary works, this thesis looks at the wide variety of institutions/intermediaries that contribute to the production of value such as school, media, literary awards, booksellers, publishers and peer groups. The aims of this research work are to provide a better understanding of reading practices and of the uses of literary prescription. Methodologically, this study is drawn from 457 questionnaires and 36 interviews of participant 18-65 aged and based around Paris who read a book in the last 12 months.The study finds that the consumption of book recommendations depends on social class location. Although more dependent on recommendations to reduce the uncertainty of the quality of books, occasional readers – most often working and middle class participants – consume less book recommendations. To the contrary, the results suggests that the participants with a higher cultural capital i.e. those who are familiar with the wide variety of books available, tend to consume more recommendations, albeit with detachment
Platteau, Jean-Marc. "L'agent de maitrise face à l'informatique. Enquête-diagnostic a Renault-Flins. : L'évaluation sociologique : une exigence majeure pour l'entreprise en quête de competitivite." Lille 1, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988LIL12011.
Full textAre computers a factor of efficiency in organizations? By all means. . . . At least if they do not suffer from their users the "cupboard effect", for there is the basic danger for their promoters when the proper conditions leading to a successful social insertion have not been correctly dealt with. Is the proceeding setting off a dynamic of autonomy and training? Then the initial project may have the dimensions of a real sociotechnical project. Is it based on a thorough survey of the concerned actors strategical and cultural logics? Then all the necessary assets are gathered in order to make of the time of innovation a time of social development. Fruit of a several months investigation in renault-flins with a population of foremen interested in a project towards computerization, this study follows this twofold direction. If it intends to answer the initial worries of the new tool's promoters, it also means to try and meditate upon "the change in organization", the socieal analyst's role and the policy of the manpower management
Bonnet, Agathe. "Dire et faire dire l'indicible : Entre secret et stigmate, l'analyse d'un processus d'enquête sociologique sur le ballonnement." Phd thesis, Université René Descartes - Paris V, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00689002.
Full textCrindal, Alain. "Enquête sur les figures de la démarche de projet en technologie." Phd thesis, Cachan, Ecole normale supérieure, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001DENS0025.
Full textCrindal, Alain. "Enquête sur les figures de la démarche de projet en technologie." Phd thesis, École normale supérieure de Cachan - ENS Cachan, 2001. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00136619.
Full textMunch, Emmanuel. "Mais pourquoi arrivent-ils tous à la même heure ? : le paradoxe de l’heure de pointe et des horaires de travail flexibles : enquête sociologique auprès de cadres franciliens." Thesis, Paris Est, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PESC1009/document.
Full textAt the core of city life, work hours set the rhythm of daily activities and movement. We are therefore investigating the possibility of staggering the start of the work day in order to reduce congestion at morning rush hour. Suggestions typically put forward are based on considerations of a tactical nature: it is companies’ schedules which dictate that workers all commute at the same time. Thus, one proposed solution is to promote flexible work schedules. But our observations call this idea into question: in Île-de-France, as far as public transportation is concerned, flexible work scheduling actually magnifies the number of commuters who arrive at work during rush hour. This paradoxical observation makes it necessary to change the way we usually think of the rush hour phenomenon. Before trying to solve peak congestions problems, we need to understand the underlying reasons on which an individual’s work schedule choices are based. Why does a worker with flexible work hours commute during rush hour? Our research adopts a comprehensive approach and focuses on daily scheduling demands. It relies on the results of a survey (3202 respondents) and interviews (29). Respondents and interviewees are executives from the Plaine Saint-Denis area. To describe temporal strategies that explain voluntary commuting during peak hours, we organize our hypotheses along three dimensions :(I) There remain coupling constraints (school hours, meeting hours) which force workers with flexible hours to go to work during peak hours. (II) Workers with flexible hours and fewer coupling constraints prefer (late afternoon leisure, activities with family and friends) to arrive before or during the rush hour. (III) There are social norms regarding work hours (ideal of the disciplined worker or the dedicated executive) that limit flexibility by frowning on those who arrive overly late at the office. Confirmation of these hypotheses opens the way to a renewed reading of the rush hour phenomenon in the age of flexibility: individualized (work) hours do not result in desynchronized (work) schedules. In conclusion, it is by revealing the organic intricacy of work synchronisation that our thesis generates operational recommendations for reducing congestion at peak hours
Petit, Timothée. "Du territoire aux agriculteurs, approche technique et sociologique du maintien des prairies dans un contexte d’élevage périurbain de plaine. Enquête auprès d’éleveurs de la partie nord de l’agglomération de Rennes." Thesis, Paris, Institut agronomique, vétérinaire et forestier de France, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017IAVF0011.
Full textGrassland use and areas are facing a paradoxical situation In France. Their areas have decreased since the 1950’s due to agricultural revolution, mainly in regions where cattle farming is dominant. They have been replaced by maize forage or crop productions in spite of grasslands benefits for farms and territories and incentive and support measures developed at various scales (European, national and local). However in some local areas, a maintenance or increase of grassland areas has been observed for the last decade (2000- 2010). My aim was to study the reasons of grassland maintenance crossing animal sciences and sociology at territory and farm scale. My case study is based on three ‘cantons’, the smallest French administrative scale, in the suburban area of Rennes (Brittany). The work is organized in three parts using conceptual frameworks and methodologies led separately and discussed in a fourth part. It contributes to interdisciplinary studies using technical and social sciences studying evolutions of agricultural practices in the long term. The first part aims to understand: (i) the agro-ecological factors and historical and socioeconomic contexts that led to the upholding of grassland areas in this region since 1950; (ii) the farming systems involved in this upholding and the grasslands functions mobilized. The work is based on landscape observation and retired and actual farmers’ interviews. The study highlights a dairy specialization of the territory due to the early development of the dairy sector close to Rennes (in comparison to the rest of Brittany). Since the 1990’s, the dairy farms have evolved to diversified forms of forage management in relation to new society expectations and the development of innovative dairy chains. Finally, grassland maintenance seems due to a diversity of forage systems using grasslands. The second part is a long term and process modeling of 15 dairy farms trajectories based on the productive and the grassland use trajectories studied along the farmer career. This work shows that the forage system diversity comes from three types of trajectories increasing grassland use: (i) broken trajectories based on dairy specialization, (ii) step-bystep trajectories using grassland mainly for their zootechnical functions, (iii) stable trajectories using few grassland areas in the forage system. The third part is based on a sociological analysis of the way of thinking of the farmers of the same 15 dairy farms. This work shows that grassland is considered as useful forage in the diet of dairy animals. The historical dichotomy between maize and grassland built in the 1970s seems to be over. The professional networks are the key factors for the changing use of grassland. There is not direct link with social networks and farmers grassland uses in farms. However the suburban context impacts the farmers, strengthening or questioning their forage practices. By crossing the results of the three parts of my work, I show there are some types, some uses and some ways of thinking of farmers that are in favor of grassland maintenance and others are refractory. It makes possible to think about new ways for grassland development in territories. It implies for the stakeholders to be coordinated to develop actions at territory scale to use grasslands in agro-ecological transition
Sylli, Joanes Hippolyte. "Le microcrédit dans le programme de lutte contre la pauvreté chez les femmes au Bénin : mythe ou réalité?" Thesis, Université Laval, 2012. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2012/28957/28957.pdf.
Full textThis study tries to understand the conditions of granting of the loans of microcredit to population of developing countries more precisely in Benin and along with the impact of these loans on the beneficiaries. We brought to light, by means of a secondary analysis the impacts of microcredit on the beneficiaries. The libraries of the University of Abomey-Calavi and that of Benin national Fund of the microfinance are the main sources of our data. The main results of the study were that the loans of microcredit contribute to the improvement of the living conditions of the profitable populations contrary to what certain papers lead to think. These loans allowed beneficiaries to begin generative activities of income, income of which was used for the elementary needs. Although, the conditions of granting of the loans require improvements, they do not prevent in the majority of the cases the realization of the projects for which they were contracted. But these loans can contribute effectively to the fight against poverty if upstream, IMFs gave more credit to medium and long term agricultural activities.
Enrico, Vincent. "Des étudiants à la marge de l'université : la prolongation et le désinvestissement des études : un impensé de l'institution universitaire : catégories, normes et subjectivation de l'expérience étudiante." Paris 8, 2008. http://octaviana.fr/document/136511775#?c=0&m=0&s=0&cv=0.
Full textSince the sixties, universities have gone through both structural and sociological changes on account of the increased number and type of institutions and the fact that students come from a greater variety of backgrounds than before. The development of different theoretical and statistical approaches with regard to the student population has meant an increase in the number of student categories used to describe their experiences and has brought to light a number of atypical cases. In this thesis, "persisting students" (those who register on courses but do not pass examinations, and therefore remain undergraduates longer) are studied through a fieldwork. The case of these students opens a new perspective on the way the university thinks as they are not taken into consideration in either scientific or institutional studies. Statistical data from a small university has revealed this "refusal to study" which can also be observed in a "relay system" and among students who file a request to renew their registration as undergraduates for the first two years at university (DEUG diploma level). A series of interviews with "persisting students" (union militants, students with paid work in secondary schools, students belonging to the relay system) reveal that this way of "studying" has two opposite consequences on the lives of students who either use the system or suffer from it. In both cases, the university not only confers a certain social status to registered students, but it also acts as a social support which enables them to live on the fringe of the university environment in an in-between world which may either shut them in or allow them to open up to an alternative way of life
Hu, Wei. "Les transformations de la paysannerie chinoise. Enquete sociologique s dans le village dong." Paris 10, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988PA100120.
Full textFEUTRY, GOURNAY VERONIQUE, and LAURENT FEUTRY. "Enquete sociologique aupres des etudiants en medecine de la faculte libre de lille." Lille 2, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989LIL2M394.
Full textDje, Aya Georgette. "Gouvernance et gestion des déchets ménagers urbains à Abidjan : cas des communes de Cocody, Yopougon et Abobo." Thesis, Université Laval, 2012. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2012/28996/28996.pdf.
Full textHébert, Nathalie. "La façon de percevoir et de vivre la souffrance psychologique issue d'un deuil ou d'une peine d'amour au Québec et en Afrique subsaharienne." Thesis, Université Laval, 2012. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2012/28848/28848.pdf.
Full textLaliberté, Vincent. "La logique de la recherche en pharmacologie." Thesis, Université Laval, 2011. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2011/28714/28714.pdf.
Full textVerba, Daniel. "Enquête cinématographique sur les Steelbands de Trinidad : histoire, sociologie et cinématographie des Steelbands." Paris 10, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989PA100033.
Full textTrinidad and Tobago islands' originality lies in the fact that they have constructed its cultural identity around an unparalleled musical phenomenon: the steelband. Gargantuan orchestras comprising over 350 instruments made exclusively from oil drums called "pan", are hammered, cut, heated, tuned and transformed into wonders of musical ingenuity. This historical and sociological thesis, completed by a 35mm film in dolby stereo, shows and studies the practicals of those orchestras during the carnival and social conditions of their historical appearance. This work is completed with a methodological reflexion on the audio-visual technics applied to the sociological facts
Delcros, Aurélie. "Pour une sociologie du journal télévisé : Enquête sur ses publics et ses représentations." Thesis, Paris 5, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA05H043.
Full textPas de résumé en anglais
Letourneux, Frédérique. "À distance. Enquête sur les figures contemporaines du travail à domicile." Thesis, Paris, EHESS, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017EHES0138/document.
Full textThis thesis focuses on the transformations of « home working » into « distance working ». Indeed, if homeworking has for a long time concerned only salaried workers, henceforth working at distance refers to different status of employment, workplaces and work schedules. My analysis relies on the comparison of three different types of professionals : freelance graphic designers, freelance journalists and self-employed secretaries. All of them work out of the institutional organization and try to define spatial and temporal limits for the process of work. The investigation analyses a compilation of 54 biographies based on interviews with workers carried out directly at their home. The demonstration is organized in three parts. First, it focuses on how professionnals manage to take a stand on the market and how it could be understood in terms of autonomy at work. My approach discusses the contemporary sociological works whose goal is to define new status of employement. It explores this « grey zone» (Supiot, 2000) between salaried and self-employed workers. The second part is about the concrete workplace at home and how workers manage to define their own framework. These different arrangements of working at home reflect the way individuals succeed in defending their own identity as professionnals. Finally I show that « distance working » is not only an atypical form of work, but a singular way to be part of the social world as well as to choose and switch between different commitments (domestic, personal, familial, etc.) This thesis shows how individuals use different registers of justifications and values in order to define their identity for themselves and for the others, and how this process is socially distributed
Schwartz, Olivier. "Rapports familiaux et monde privé : enquête sur une cité ouvrière du Nord." Paris, EPHE, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987EPHE0043.
Full textThis thesis is the result of a research in urban anthropology. The objective was to study the functioning of family relationships and of privacy in a workers' population in the north of france. The investigation relates to elements which form and cement the family (couple and kinship). It relates also to places, bonds, and goods which constitute the family universe. Our aim was to understand the way in which are shaped the territories of man and woman, how they complete, approach and confront each other. We wished to describe the mecanisms of family integration but also the lines of division. The ethnographic investigation was developped during a period of five years, in a working-class district, in the coal-basin in the north of france. It took the form of close relationships with about a hundred persons
Côté-Bouchard, Simon. "La présentation de Soi dans les sites de rencontre sur internet. L'énonciation de l'identité de genre dans un contexte normatif." Thesis, Université Laval, 2011. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2011/28097/28097.pdf.
Full textNuytens, Williams. "Essai de sociologie des supporters du football : une enquête à Lens et à Lille." Lille 1, 2000. https://pepite-depot.univ-lille.fr/RESTREINT/Th_Num/2000/50377-2000-15.pdf.
Full textPouliot, Édith. "La perception de la douleur chronique : Analyse sociologique du vécu douloureux au quotidien." Thesis, Université Laval, 2014. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2014/30522/30522.pdf.
Full textChronic pain is a subjective and unique experience. The story of 11 respondents reveals its singularity, even though they all suffer from the same pain. Each individual feels pain their own way. Several factors define and influence this experience through time. The significance of pain is at the core of the present analysis, to understand the suffering chronic pain patients’ identity and the impact of pain on their lives, their social relations and status… in other words, on all the aspects of their existence.
Demeulenaere, Pierre. "Enquête sur les principes des actions économiques." Paris 4, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994PA040009.
Full textThe aim of this work is to study the conceptual foundations of the description of economic action. This research includes an effort of elucidation of the fuzzy concepts of economy, economic rationality, utility, value, choice etc. .
Poudrier, Janie. "La pensée hétéro : l'égalité dans le prisme de la différence sexuelle." Thesis, Université Laval, 2012. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2012/29500/29500.pdf.
Full textLizotte, Mathieu. "L'échange en monnaie parallèle dans les systèmes d'échanges locaux : entre le don et l'échange marchand." Thesis, Université Laval, 2012. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2012/28540/28540.pdf.
Full textSaucier, Nicolas. "La déviance à l'ère d'internet : le cas des communautés en ligne de barebackers et leur discours." Thesis, Université Laval, 2013. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2013/30181/30181.pdf.
Full textRomero, Marie. "Le traitement juridique des délits sexuels sur mineurs, une enquête de sociologie législative et judiciaire." Thesis, Paris Sciences et Lettres (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PSLEH017.
Full textWe are witnessing an important evolution in Western society of the condemnation and legal justice as regard to sexual violence towards children, teenager especially girls, but also young boys. It is in this context that my research has been carried out. There has been a double inquiry; legislative sociology; and judicial sociology. They put up to date the important placing of age reference, the evolution as regarding sexual norms and representations of illicit sexual relations.The firs investigation of legislative historic sociology carries on the evolution of French penal codes dating from the French Revolution to today. It is censed on slow mutations of categories of incrimination that consent (no longer the matrimonial state) becomes the major point that separates permission and the forbidden. The second inquiry of judicial sociology was carried out int the archives of two correctional courts, two children correctional courts in the South of France. It carries upon the documentation of eighty-one judged cases from 2010 for sexual offences against minors. The aim is to put light upon penal qualification of facts, not only the problem of legal proof but also changes as regard to social and judicial norms. The point these two inquiries have in common i the update of two forms of sexual consent: statuary and situation.Throughout this research, the facts were analyzed from different angles: the social-juridical treatment of ages status (minors vs of age and minors vs minors). The meaning given to the age of consent, and legal responsibility; the legal difficulties as regard to incest and finally gender discrepancies between victims and aggressors
Couture, Patrick. "Le lien social dans les jeux de rôle en ligne massivement multijoueurs : une étude du cas de World of Warcraft." Thesis, Université Laval, 2012. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2012/29018/29018.pdf.
Full textPeatrik, Anne-Marie. "Génération Meru : modes d'emploi : une enquête sur les implications sociologiques d'un système générationnel bantou, Meru Tigania-Igembe, Kenya." Paris 10, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990PA100099.
Full textEast african age-classes systems have mostly been studied among pastoralist peoples, and have been regarded as a kind of organisation more involved in ritual matters than in anything else. The study of such a system among the Meru of Kenya who are mainly agriculturalists, shows that this kind of organisation is not linked with an economical specialization. Moreover the search of the rules which operate into the class system, allows to explain the working of these classes, which in fact are generation based, and the ways they are related to the other aspects of the social organization. Eventually, an unusual historical and demographical approach of this kind of structure is brought by the cross-study of the oral traditions and the colonial archives
BAGOUT, ANNIE-PAULE. "Un probleme de sociologie medicale : le sida : enquete aupres de la population marseillaise." Aix-Marseille 2, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988AIX20085.
Full textClays, Jérôme. "Que fabrique-t-on au lycée ? : enquête ethnographique sur le milieu scolaire." Paris, EHESS, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010EHES0140.
Full textWe were ail students. Which students? We attended school. What did we learn? We spent thousands of hours in class. Doing what? We do not know anymore. Did we ever know? School is not a separate world, cut off from the world. Ft is home to a social life that has nothing to envy the working life. Teachers and students have social relations. They exercise a profession. They make up a society of students and a society of teachers. They live within an organization. They make experiences. Like everyone else. School is not what we think. It is regarded as an institution in crisis. Lt is rather a world in construction. It is often idealized or criticized. It is seldom seen as it really is. School should be considered differently: as it is, within students and teachers, more closely, Teacher-student relations are a role playing game, a power relationship, a working relationship, an inter-cultural encounter, an affective relationship with everything that is involved. A society of students and a society of teachers are built within school. They are not so different from one another. Organized. Fragmented. Lntegrated. Regulated. Conflictual. Folk. This thesis tries to change our view on school. It shows that school is a place of education, transmission, socialization. But not the one we think. We make school, and we develop our personalities in school Here is how
Jupille, Julien. "L'hyperactivité infantile : une enquête de sociologie empirique : "certains naissent gauchers et bien toi, tu es hyperactif"." Paris 5, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA05H004.
Full textThis sociological study concerns a certain type of care given to children diagnosed with hyperactivity. Based on the observation of diagnostic and treatment practices in a French hospital, it includes the following issues: to examine the collective elaboration of diagnosis, to describe the care treatments involving the use of psychotropic drugs, to understand how people can "live with" such a controversial entity as ADHD. Indeed, it is not only subject to wide arguments within the medical field, but also between the various actors implicated in the definition of the problem. Defining ADHD is a long process which entails negotiations around behaviour management and drug handling. When the latter has a symptomatic effect, it helps setting up psychotherapeutic schemes. The care treatment's goals also highlight the need for patients and their peers to acquire psychosocial skills as well as autonomy. The changes in the family experience brought by the diagnosis depend on how professional (i. E. Medical staff, teachers) agree or disagree on defining the child's problems. In answer to such arguments, parents have to develop means and tactics to label a disorder located between chronic illness and handicap
Pelletier, Andréa. "Les couples de personnes âgées se formant en maison de retraite : Une étude exploratoire des modèles conjugaux adoptés." Thesis, Université Laval, 2012. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2012/28994/28994.pdf.
Full textWith the growth of individualism and feminism, the way contemporary individuals experience their own couple have changed significantly. Having regard to the elderly who have experienced their marriage at a time when the conjugal standard was to set aside part of their individuality to concentrate on their conjugal relationship and parenthood, it is important to question how individualism can be seen today within the relationships they experience. To learn more about the situation, we conducted an interview survey with elderly who have entered into a new relationship in the institutional framework of retirement homes. The analysis suggests that the relationship the elderly interviewed experience with their partner is very different from the one which prevailed during their former marriage several years ago. These individuals give more importance to their personal privacy, or at least they seek a balance between their personal privacy and conjugal relationships.
Naffrechoux, Martine. "Lire : enquete sur la pluralite des mondes de la lecture." Paris 8, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987PA080074.
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